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The Sports on the Olympic Programme

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THE SPORTS ON THE OLYMPIC PROGRAMME 2. Universality REVISION OF THE OLYMPIC 3. Popularity of the sport 4. Image PROGRAMME 5. Athletes’ health According to the Olympic Charter, the 6. Development of the IF programme should be reviewed after each 7. Costs. edition of the Games. This rule is not a new one and has been part of the Charter for many COMPOSITION OF THE OLYMPIC years. To date, the IOC has not, in practice, PROGRAMME COMMISSION systematically reviewed the Olympic Games CHAIRPERSON programme after each edition. Mr Franco CARRARO MEMBERS In November 2002, the IOC decided at its Mr Phillip Walter COLES Extraordinary Session in Mexico City, to curb Mr Guido de BONDT the growth of the Olympic programme and limit Mr Bob ELPHINSTON the number of sports in the Games of the Mr Michael S. FENNELL Olympiad to 28. At the same time, the number Mr Frank FREDERICKS of events was limited to 301 and the number of Mr Ron FROEHLICH athletes to 10,500. Mr Nat INDRAPANA Ms Gunilla LINDBERG The Mexico City Session also adopted the Mr Shun-ichiro OKANO recommendations of the Olympic Programme Mr Sam RAMSAMY Commission and approved the principle of a Sir Craig REEDIE, CBE systematic review of the Games programme in Mr Andrew RYAN order to ensure its relevance for each edition of Mr Walter SIEBER Mr Robert STOREY the Games. IOC President Jacques Rogge Ms Lingwei LI entrusted the Olympic Programme Commission with the mission to define and put in a place a process for reviewing the Olympic programme. SPORTS EVALUATION QUESTIONNAIRE THE WORK OF THE OLYMPIC These evaluation criteria formed the basis of a questionnaire that the 28 International Olympic PROGRAMME COMMISSION Federations completed in October and Since then, the Commission, composed of IOC November 2004. In order to broaden the members and representatives of International analysis to include other sports that might Federations and National Olympic Committees*, enhance the quality and popularity of the has drafted a series of specific criteria aimed at programme, the IOC decided to study in further evaluating sports and drawing up a more clearly detail five Recognised Federations: those defined procedure for the review of the Olympic governing golf, karate, roller sports, rugby and programme. The list of 33 evaluation criteria squash. These Federations were also asked to was ratified by the IOC Session in 2004. There fill in the questionnaire. The Olympic are seven categories into which the 33 criteria Programme Commission examined the answers are divided: to the questionnaire and used them to draft a 1. History and tradition Page 1/7 report. This was reviewed by the IOC Executive The Session shall vote en bloc on the inclusion Board at its meeting in Berlin in April 2005, will of the core, its decision being taken by a be made public on 13 June 2005, and sent to all majority of the votes cast. In case such majority IOC members and partners. A final decision is not reached, there shall be additional rounds concerning the composition of the programme of of votes by the Session as determined by the the 2012 Olympic Games will be taken during President. All sports included in the programme the 117th IOC Session in Singapore in July pursuant to such rounds of votes shall then 2005. constitute the core. Once the core has been constituted in accordance with this, the Session Programme of the Olympic Games may vote on the inclusion of additional sports en The components of the programme are sports, bloc or through individual votes, its decision disciplines and events. A discipline is a branch being taken by a majority of the votes cast. For of a sport comprising one or several events. An the Olympic Winter Games the procedure to be event is a competition in a sport or in one of its followed will be the same as the procedure disciplines, resulting in a ranking and giving rise applicable to the Games of the Olympiad. Only to the award of medals and diplomas. The the number of sports included in the core is choice of all sports for the programme, as well different. Seven sports make up the core. as the determination of the criteria and conditions for the inclusion of any sport in the TH programme, falls within the competence of the THE 117 SESSION IN SINGAPORE th Session. Only sports that adopt and implement At the 117 IOC Session in Singapore, the the World Anti-Doping Code can be included or Olympic Programme Commission saw its efforts remain in the programme. successfully crowned, with the revision of the Olympic programme. The IOC members voted The decision to include a discipline or event in on each of the 28 sports on the programme of the programme falls within the competence of the Athens 2004 Games in order to decide if they would be on the programme of the London the IOC Executive Board. After each edition of 2012 Games. This vote was historic as it was the Olympic Games, the IOC reviews the the first time in 70 years that the IOC had come programme. The inclusion of any sport in the down in favour of change. Twenty-six of the 28 programme of any edition of any Olympic sports on the Athens programme were retained Games shall be decided not later than at the for the London 2012 Games. Baseball and Session electing the host city of that edition of softball did not obtain the majority required to the Olympic Games. The inclusion of disciplines stay on the programme. These sports or events in the programme of any edition of an nevertheless remain on the list of Olympic Olympic Games shall be decided by the IOC sports and are therefore admissible for the Executive Board not later than three years programme of a future edition of the Games. before the opening of the Olympic Games. The deadlines may be waived, in order to allow As baseball and softball were not retained for changes in the programme with the approval of the 2012 Olympic Games, the IOC members the relevant IF, of the OCOG and of the voted to add two new sports to the Olympic competent organ of the IOC. programme, since it can contain up to 28. Five non-Olympic sports – roller sports, squash, golf, The sports included in the programme consist of karate and rugby sevens – were examined by core sports and additional sports. The core the Olympic Programme Commission as part of its study. After a first selection vote, out of these includes at least 25 sports chosen by the five sports, the IOC members chose two Session upon the proposal of the IOC Executive finalists: squash and karate. However, the Board. Upon proposal of the IOC Executive majority of 2/3 of the Session was required for Board, the Session may choose one or several these to become Olympic sports. Neither additional sports, but the total number of sports squash nor karate obtained this majority. They shall not exceed 28. were therefore not added to the programme of the London 2012 Olympic Games. Olympic programme/ February 2008 Page 2/7 THE 119TH SESSION IN GUATEMALA BMX (Bicycle Moto Cross), with one women’s CITY and one men’s event. The BMX races will take During the 119th IOC Session in Guatemala place on circuits of about 350 metres long, City, a simplified voting process for the Olympic which will include jumps, bends and other programme was approved. The choice of sports obstacles. Each round (qualifications, quarter- to be on the Olympic programme was simplified final, semi-final, final) will see eight riders following a proposal of the IOC Executive compete; the first four will go through to the next Board. The number of core sports was round increased from 15 to 25 from the Games of • In fencing, the team foil and team sabre 2020 onwards. For the 2016 Games of the events have been added to the women’s Olympiad, the 26 core sports from London 2012 programme. • In swimming, a new type of event is also will be proposed. The maximum number of going to make its debut at the Games: a long- sports included in the programme remains distance 10km freestyle swim, also called the capped at 28. marathon. Both sexes will compete in this event. • In table tennis, the doubles event will be Changes decided by the IOC Session in replaced by team events. Guatemala City came after a long journey of evaluation and consultation, dating back to just Other modifications have been made to reduce after the Athens 2004 Olympic Games. Time the gap between the participation of men and was taken to ensure thorough consultation with that of women in the Games. Thus, it has been the International Federations (IFs), National decided to increase the number of teams Olympic Committees (NOCs), Recognised participating in the women’s hockey, handball Federations and the Athletes’ Commission and football tournaments before proposals for change were put first to the IOC Executive Board and then subsequently to the Session. THE SPORTS PROGRAMME OF THE BEIJING 2008 GAMES Between 1896 and 2008, the Olympic programme has expanded considerably. From 43 medals in nine sports awarded at the first edition in Athens, the Games of the Olympiad will have 302 events in 28 sports in 2008: 165 men’s, 127 women’s and 10 mixed. The latest decisions by the IOC Executive Board on the Summer Games programme were taken in October 2005 for the events, and in February 2006 for the athlete quotas and the number of teams entered.
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