4/17/12

CHANGE OF SCHEDULE The Augustan “Golden” Age • MEAD MUSEUM VISIT NEXT CLASS (FRI. 4/20) ** Please arrive at Mead Museum on me! ** • Peace (pax augusta / augustana) - meet in vesbule area and put your backpack in • Cultural (arsc & literary) producon the self-serve lockers (consider traveling light on • Rome becomes city of marble, not brick Friday?) • Moral reform - once we are gathered, we will go together to • Religious revival and restoraon the study room • Reform of Senate & Army (old problems of Rep.) - pencils only in the study-room • Program of reform always balanced by - no reading due on Friday (the lecture scheduled anquarianism– cast innovaon as return to past for Friday will be moved to Monday)

Four steps to reform troubled senate Examples of new structure for civil service • does not abolish senate • Aug. controls state grain supply from 22 BC on – Keeps tradions intact but shis focus – Two senators chosen as praefec frumen dandi – Service to the state  service to the emperor 1) Purges senate roster four mes (28, 18, 11, 4) ( for distribung grain) 2) Controls entry into senate – Prefects appointed by and responsible to emperor 3) Creates Senatorial class: ordo senatorius • Chooses senior senators as lega provinciae – Inherited privileges and $$ requirements for enrollment – legates of province = governor answerable to Aug. 4) Keeps cursus honorum, but old magistracies= sinecures • Forms new administraon staffed by senators – real work done by new cadre of officials (prefects as civil servants and legates) staffed by senators chosen by Augustus

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Effects of Augustus’ reforms for senate Army: several major areas of reform • Structure of Republican Senate sll in place, 1) Distribuon of army across Empire – 15 of 28 legions staoned on Northern froner but means something very different – 4 on Eastern froner facing rival Parthian empire • – First stone forts for Move from oligarchy into aristocracy of service = change of mentality: Rome now has limits? – Senators = servants, not masters, of the State 2) Standing army– not levied for each campaign – Offices of cursus honorum sll presgious, but – Less need for connuous military campaigns not where the work gets done – Police force at Rome and firefighters, finally! 3) Veterans: 6 AD, Aug. sets up rerement program – Work gets done by emperor’s staff of – Paid by militare, military treasury (financed administrators chosen from the senate. by inial grant from Aug., then 5% and 1% sales tax) – Prefects appointed to administer

The maiden takes delight early on in learning Grecian Horace Odes 3.6 (20’s BC) dances and trains herself in seducon and plans unholy loves with passion unrestrained… “Though innocent, Roman, you will pay for the sins of Openly, when bidden, and not without her husband’s your fathers unl you restore the crumbling temples knowledge, she rises– whether it be some peddler and shrines of the gods and their smoke-blackened who summons her, or the captain of some Spanish images. ship, lavish purchaser of shame. You rule because you hold yourself inferior to the gods. Not such were those who sired the youth that dyed the sea with Punic blood and struck down Pyrrhus and Make this the beginning and end of all things. great Anochus and fierce Hannibal; but a manly Neglect of the gods has brought many ills to the brood of peasant soldiers, taught to turn the earth sorrowing land of Hesperia… with a Sabine hoe… Teeming with sin, our mes have sullied first the What has injurious me not diminished? Our parents were not the men their fathers were, and they bore marriage bed, our offspring, and our homes. From children worse than themselves, whose children will this source, the stream of disaster has drowned the be baser sll… people and the fatherland

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Rome’s sins led to civil war? Augustus’ religious revival • Propaganda ag. Ant.: Roman gods vs. Egypan • End of the civil wars = relief but also GUILT • “In my 6th consulship [28BC] I repaired 82 temples of – Gods and temples have been forsaken the gods in the city, in accordance with a resoluon of – Sin contaminates family (adultery with outsiders) the senate, neglecng none which required repair” – Infiltraon of Eastern finery, dances, and make-up • Also restores old priesthoods, cults, and older rituals – No longer good old days of Roman soldier-farmer • Spiritual & physical restoraon of pax deorum – Now, each generaon worse than the last -Everyone involved: street-corner shrines • Hunger for revival of morals and religion: -“genius” Augustus at center • Again, both old (revival of religion) & new – fix the pax deorum! (central religious role of new princeps) – Stop the decline of the mos maiorum!

18-17 BC Family & Social Reform : state polices private morality 1) Lex Julia de Adulteriis Coercendis (Julian Law for Curbing Adultery): - Adultery = Crime - Father can kill daughter’s adulterer (husband can kill wife’s adulterer if adulterer not respectable Roman cit.) 2) Lex Papia Poppaea: rewards marriage & children; penalizes childlessness MESSAGE? Family values = heart of Augustan revival of peace, prosperity & ferlity – from paterfamilias to pater patriae

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