BOOKS reader to think that he has aban­ IN TWO CHINAS doned his “liberal radicalism,” his Memoirs of a Diplomat, by final paragraph flies his flag for all to see. Changes yes; an irre­ K. M. Panikkar. Published sistible desire by the Chinese peo­ by George Allen and Un­ ple to move forward, certainly. win. 15s. 9d. But the means to employ these A close associate of Nehru, one­ very desirable ends are of a kind time Prime Minister of one of the which “revolts the free mind.” Indian states, and a notable histo­ And yet, with the exception of rian, K. M. Panikkar was India’s one paragraph just before this, Ambassador, first to Chiang Kai- Panikkar the historian has mar­ shek’s government in Nanking shalled no evidence to show this and then to the Chinese People’s and one is left with the impression Republic in Peking. He reached that Panikkar the diplomat is his post in Nanking when the col­ determined not to be deprived of lapse of the Nationalist regime his own pre-conceived prejudices. R. was already imminent and he * « V watched Shanghai in the days when “death had begun to cast CHINA PHOENIX is shadow in the place . . . Refu­ By Peter Townsend. Pub­ gees were dying like rats and no one seemed to care about their lished by Jonathon Cape. fate. All civic sense bid departed 25s. . . .” The diplomatic corps be­ If Panikkar’s diplomatic roimd came more and more jittery in and training kept him rather with­ SACPO demonstrators outside Electricity House, Cape Town, last Saturday morning, protested against those days and in time they took drawn from the life of the peo­ the infroduction of apartheid there. to their evacuation ships and ple in China, Peter Townsend’s steamed out of old China. work and boundless enthusiasm Panikkar left too, for a brief for the new immersed him deep interlude in India and Burma, but in it. Townsend went to China in Afrikaners Really Like soon he was back again in China, 1941 with a Quaker Ambulance COLOUBED PEOPLE HIT BACK the accredited representative to Unit, and he later worked with the new government. He came the Chinese Industrial Co-opera­ (Continued from page 1) CAPE TOWN!” the leaflet con­ The Indians tives in all parts of the country. cluded. with not a little apprehension. “I At the same time, leaflets were UNCALLED FOR PORT ELIZABETH. knew I was entering a strange and “Thrown into Chinese society handed out to passers-by headed Apartheid at Electricity House Why do so many Afrikaners new world . . . All my training and exposed to the shocks of Chi­ “Reject Apartheid Here!” was “uncalled for, unnecessary and buy at Indian .shops? is a ques­ had been in the liberal radicalism nese life” (before the People’s The leaflet said: “The Electricity unwanted,” Councillor (Mrs.) Z. tion which worried the race- of the West.” As against this, he Government) Townsend early Department has introduced apart­ Gool told New Age this week. mad delegates to the SABRA records that he had a deep feeling formed the impression that in heid at this office without the mat­ The matter had never been conference here la.st week. of sympathy for the Chinese peo­ China Revolution was preferable ter even having been discussed by brought before the Council and the Speakers had called the In­ ple, a desire to see them “strong, to No Revolution. After Japan’s the City Council. notices had been put up without dians in South Africa a “parasi­ united, powerful . . . to proclaim defeat people drew hope from “If we allow this to continue, it the whole Council being consulted, tic element,” an “unassimilable the message of Asia resurgent.” promises by Chiang Kai-shek of will be a step towards the introduc­ Mrs. Gool said. branch of a foreign people,” democratic assemblies and a con­ etc. etc. So why did white South MAN WITH A MISSION stitution. But change did not tion of further unjust measures “I have been told that these Panikkar saw himself as a man against the Non-European people. notices were introduced by the City Africans support their shops? come in Kuomintang China. “The delegates wanted to know. with a mission: to prove to Mao carpet baggers flocking east by “Already our people are having Treasurer’s department as an ex­ Tse Tung that a neutral position to do without parks, pavements, periment and have been sanctioned Because in many Indian shops every available plane and river the Afrikaans language came was possible, and that, as he puts boat drove home the fact that swimming baths, roads and othc-r^ by the chairman of the Finance it rather crudely, the world need amenities, and unless we take a Committtee, Mr. A. Z. Berman. The into its own, particularly in the 1945 was of the same base metal Natal countryside. Service was not be divided into two camps of as old Yesterdays. It was still this: firm stand now, we will soon be City Treasurer says they are not the Faithful and the Kafirs. He burdened with apartheid which is intended to be political. in the customer’s own language, runaway conscripts pulped with display notices were in Afri­ nowhere records the course of bamboo poles, ashen faces of insulting and expensive to the citi­ “I object to it, as I object to all this self-chosen mission, but he zens of Cape Town. apartheid in principle,” said Mrs. kaans, said one. starving men, the exactions of Because many of the poorer played an important role in the landlord-officials.” “Take action now! Phone the Gool, “and I dissociate myself en­ pople did not feel at home in difficult and prolonged negotia­ Town Clerk! Organise deputations tirely from these latest notices. How then was change to come? white shops, said another. There tions to bring peace to Korea in asks Townsend. Those who talked to the Mayor and Council. De­ “There has always been a har­ are people who suffer from an the days when events showed the mand that these boards be removed monious relationship between peo­ of change of heart, or ‘step by inferiority complex, and who futility of British and United step,’ or benevolent dictatorship immediately. ple of all races paying accounts at States attempts to settle issues in Electricity House, and we have had can make their importance felt or foreign capital and supervision, “Demand equal rights for all! In an Indian shop, which they the Far East without the greatest all of which added up to a con­ DON’T LET THE NATS RULE no indication that the old system Far Eastern power of all—China. did not work to the satisfaction of could not do in a white shop. tinuation of the status quo, lived People sometimes leave a At the centre of Korean war in a warm and relatively secure ff all. We can only regard the apart­ developments and negotiations, heid notices as an insult to the white shop because they are not world. Those who lived in the Hour of Decision" ttreated well there. The Indian Panikkar gives an intimate picture tumbledown houses chose the Non-European people. of that crisis, including his historic (Continued from page 6) “It is the duty of local govern­ treats them in a friendly manner other road. It led to Yenan, the and gives them much credit. midnight interview with Chou En- centre of successful, armed revolt, said something about Communists ment to try to maintain and to fos­ The Indian makes his shop very Lai which led to his telegram poisoning wells and all that sort ter good feeling among the dfflerent the capital of the part of China attractive, and gives Xmas pre­ warning to the United Nations where agrarian reform was the of thing. One has just left my sections of the people. Only on that sents, said another. •that China would have to inter­ office now. No, no, no, not me, basis can wc have a healthy and bedrock of a social programme. vene if the American troops cros­ They did not go because they he was found out by my boss-boy. prosperous city.” sed the 38th parallel. I can’t say he was found with any chose violence and civil war. His was an important role also rather because all other routes incendiary material. You know in the cementing of Indo-Chinese what happened yesterday. Surely, friendship in those early years. were blocked. I thought you were taking them Townsend, too, went to Yenan. Rather strait-laced in the rare­ He also watched the crumbling into custody. Look, hallo! hallo!” CENTBAL INDIAN SCHOOL fied atmosphere of diplomatic pro­ The phone just gave a buzz. He world of the Kuomintang, the an­ tocol and official receptions, tics of Chiang Kai-shek’s govern­ threw down the receiver and Panikkar’s chapters leave one sighed, “Oh! my, my. Even the CABBY ON ment on a trapeze, the first steps m i hungry for more of the palpitating on the road to recovery. police have turned red. The only life outside the embassies and difference between a baboon and SPLENDID PROSE JOHANNESBURG.—This week the Central Indian High School, legations: in the villages, with the A stickler for stories of real a Dutchman is that the Dutchman which was started by parents who refused to send the children to land reformers, among the natio­ pays income tax.” people, drenched in his familiarity the Ghetto school at Lenasia, opened for its second year, determined nal minorities. with the peasant landscape and Philemon came out of tVk fac­ to continue despite all the obstacles placed in its way. tory gate, opened his reference THUMBNAIL SKETCHES the early beginnings of popular and read, “Bearer has been in our A statement by the school pa­ the additional burden of organising Between the duty calls on this government in China, Townsend’s employ for over twelve years. rents’ committee says that the a Standard Nine class. or that legation he does give eager splendid prose gives a vibrant, Leaves our employ because of his Transvaal Education Department “De.spitc all these handicaps, we thumbnail sketches of China’s top vivid account of the stirring of Communist activities.” He stood has refused registration or approval are determined to continue in our leaders. He describes also a tour the new forces. looking at it for a long time; of its principal and some other task of providing alternative educa­ to Yenan (“It was only when we He omits nothing. There is one crumpled it up slowly and brisk­ members of the school staff, in tion of a high standard for Indian got into the plane that we were well-written chapter after another; ly chucked it in the gutter; shoved most cases without giving reasons. boys and girls, and not to submit told that the airstrip had not been on birth control, the new marri­ his hands in his pockets and whist­ “This refusal appears to us arbi­ to the unwarranted scheme of send­ used for many years and had to ages, the reform of prostitutes; on led softly “The Internationale trary and unjustified.” ing our children to Lenasia, a plap be specially prepared on instruc­ religion, on secret societies and unites the human race,” while he To ensure the continuel legal ex­ which makes education a pawn in tions from Mao Tse Tung to en­ superstition; on the press and the quietly walked up the street. istence of the school, however, the the sinister plan to ruin our com­ able our plane to land there”); campaigns against illiteracy; on committee has been forced to ac­ munity through the Group Areas and a visit to the Tunghuang industry and the workers; on The comment of the judges cept the resignation of its princi­ Act.” Caves in the Gobi Desert where flood control; on municipal gov­ (Uys Krige, Jack Cope and Dr. pal, Mr. Michael Harmel. Steps The committtee expresses its ap­ fabulous Buddhist paintings and ernment, the civil servant, the vil­ R. E. van der Ross) was; “Despite are being taken to replace him and preciation of the way in which the a rich hoard of ancient manu­ lage leader; the co-operatives and faults, jarring patches and some in the meantime Mrs. S. J. Fischer Indian community has rallied to scripts had been discovered, giving peasant mutual-aid teams. Town­ verbal roughness, this story is ex­ will act as principal. Representa­ the support of the school during evidence of early Indo-Chinese send can simply not let go and, cellent. It has a verve and bigness tions concerning other members of 1955. It was this support which cultural contact. if anything, one is left feeling a and a natural flair for story-tell­ the staff will continue to be made, made it possible to maintain the Leaving his post for another in little bloated as at the end of a ing that make it outstanding. An says the school committee. school during its first year. “We Egypt, Panikkar sums up his im­ grand banquet: unequalled food, ironic humour, though sometimes A further difficulty created for have no doubt that the same sup­ pressions of New China. He ap­ but one did eat a little too much! unsuccessful as in the redundant the school has been the refusal of port, extended in even greater plauds the release of new ener­ Not since the days of Agnes scene of the City Hall meeting, the Department to allow last year’s measure, will enable the school to gies, the new life given to old Smedlev (with perhaps the excep­ and a sense of character give this Standard Eight class to enter the overcome the additional difficulties forms of artistic expression, the tion of Jack Belden’s “China writer an Interesting talent* Standard Nine class at the Johan­ which now face us, and to main­ first unified central government of Shakes the World”) has a book on NEXT WEEK: “An African nesburg Indian High School. This tain and improve the school during China; but, lest the preceding 12 China as good as this been Affalri" by Josn Glffofd. has fore^ the school to shoulder the coming year=" chapters should have led any written, R. PASSES FOR WOMEN (Continued from page 1) NATS’ SINISTER PLANS books for women. It will still be a and without the permission are matter for the local authorities to liable to arrest and deportation. decide today. The Government estimates that Again this is not so. it will be a matter of some years FOR 1956 SESSION Originally, before the 1952 before all African women are issued amendment, influx control of Afri­ with pass books. The 14 men from the north Public Service (Heaven help them), Mr. Pocock after pensio­ can women was at the discretion of Till that is done, influx control have come down to Cape Town PARLIAMENTARY SURVEY the municipalities which had to ask and other control measures will again. Six months plottitng in ners; Mr. Durrant is probing into the Governor-General to promul­ possibly be piecemeal and difficult Pretoria, six months plotting in by the Unemployment Insurance Fund; Mr. Bowker wants more gate their right to apply this influx to enforce nationally. But the end Cap>e Town. This is known as Peter Meyer control section of the Urban Areas effect is certain: African women Parliamentary democracy. telephones, and Mrs. Solomon has Act. It was precisely because the will taste the bitterness of the pass Meetings are held in the secre­ her motherly eye fixed firmly on Government was dissatisfied be­ laws suffered all these years by cy of the Cabinet conference ings of hostility between the women’s affairs. cause local authorities did not use their menfolk, and they too will room. Racialism is brewed and European and Non-European in­ This omissioii of apartheid' is this right that the Act was experience the raids, the arrests, dictatorship fomented. This is habitants of the Union and mat­ not accidental. It is part of the amended to make the operation of the police rough-handling and ill- known as the volkswil. ters incidental thereto, and the U.P.’ts new polfcy (yes, another this control obligatory on the mu­ treatment, the imprisonment, and For light relief, Mr. Strijdom laws relating to certain offences.” new policy) to “keep the Natives nicipalities. the deportations from the cities and Mr. Strauss play a guessing As if the Suppression of Commu­ out of politics, for goodness sake.” It is no longer at th« discretion that are the lot of the pass-bearer. game. Mr. Strijdom won’t tell nism. Public Safety, Criminal Law This is going to be the grand of the municipalities whether this Under the law as it stands today Mr. Strauss what is in his new and Riotous Assemblies Acts were no-apartheid session, as far as the clause is used or not. It has passed there must be hundreds of thou­ “sovereignty” Bill, and ^ Mr. not enough! U.P. is concerned. There’s the out of the hands of the municipali> sands of African women who are Strauss won’t tell Mr. Strijdon The basis of the session is, embarrassment of the new Bill ties. It is now the duty of any in the urban area illegally. As the when or how he is going to chal­ again, apartheid. And the neces­ dealing with the Coloured vote, policeman, if he suspects that a wo­ issue of pass books starts, so too lenge the Senate Att. Baby talk. sary laws to stop people opposing but once that is over Mr. man is in ^e area without permis­ will begin the hunt for the offenders apartheid will be introduced. But Strauss’s stalwart men will get THE PATTERN a new emphasis is being thrown down to a really good job of prac­ sion, to arrest her. and the start of action against The Speech from the Throne, as them. on military matters. It is not tical politics, that phrase so popu­ In practice, this clause is not yet Mr. Strijdom’s programme is sufficient to have the police force lar with business men. The Indus­ in full operation in most parts of This is what the Government is elaborately named, sets the pat­ in fighting trim: the Army must trial Conciliation Bill, the other the country. But the application of frying to hide from the African tern for the session. It begins by also be brought up to scartch. apartheid laws? Strauss will find the 1952 amendment by municipali­ people. But all their comforting commenting on the grave attempts A Nat M.P., Mr. B. van der a way around them. And then ties in the Western Cape, particu­ and extravagant re-assurances are of the “Western” nations to pre­ Wall, moved a private Member’s back to “practical politics.” larly Cape Town, has provided a worth nothing. It is the law that serve “Western’ civilisation and it motion which reads: “The Govern­ I must make a point of going warning for the rest of the country. counts, and the women can judge hails the admission of the Ger­ ment should consider the advisa­ to Parliament to hear Mr. Cope Thousands of African women in by what happens to their menfolk man Federal Republic to the bility of introducing a comprehen­ move his motion on the Post the Western Cape have already just what is in store for them. North Atlantic Treaty Organisa­ sive and co-ordinated scheme for Office Administration and Ship­ been arrested and prosecuted under That is why they are up in arms, tion as the principal step in this civil defence in the Union.” ping Discouragement Act, 1911. this section of the law, and many determined to fight passes for wo­ direction. Good, constructive stuff, Mr. men to the bittter end. It deplores the failure of the NO MATURITY Cope. The sort of stuff the Rand have been deported out of the area. The one advantage of the an­ Homes have been broken up, hus­ Foreign Ministers to reach agree­ Club likes to read. ment on fundamental issues (and nual opening of Parliament is bands separated from wive?, pa­ that it knocks sidewise the plea­ rents from children. Political almost adds “We told you so”), YOUR PORTRAIT- it warns that the “dangerous situ­ sant chatter about the Nationa­ leaders like Mrs. Annie Silinga Death of Solly Jooma , lists becoming more “mature” and WEDDING PHOTOGRAPHS have been victimised. ation” in the Middle East is of JOHANNESBURG. the “greatest importance” to the “moderate.” No doubt Opposi­ CHILDREN’S PICTURES Similar action has been taken in The Transvaal Indian Congress Union, it recalls with a smirk its tion businessmen and the Nationa­ Krugersdorp in the past few years, and New Age extend sympathy and walk-out from the United Na­ lists are being drawn closer to n j WEINBERG with arrests, prosecutions and de­ deep condolences to the family of tions, and then it goes on to say each other, and financial difficul­ The New Age Photographer portations of women. ties are being smoothed out, but Mr. S. I. Jooma, whose tragic death how happy and prosperous every­ 11, Plantation Road, Gardens, Johannesburg decided not to im­ took place in Johannesburg last one in South Africa is. the annual flood of savage apart­ pose the influx control regulations week. The sting is in the tail. We are heid laws and repressive police Johannesburg. Phone: 45-4103 legislation continues unabated. until the pass books had been is­ Solly Jooma was a member of the going to get a Bill which will rob EXPERT WATCHMAKERS sued to African women by the working committtee of the Trans­ the Coloureds of their vote and The 1956 session is a sinister one,, Government, and other cities are vaal Indian Congress and a well- repeal the Entrenched Clauses; indeed. Reasonable prices and guaranteed probably also waiting until the known Middleburg Congressman. another Bill will amend the Arms What makes it all the more workmanship. For Cycles, Watches system can be carried out in full He served a prison sentence as a and Ammunition Act; the vicious alarming is that the Parliament­ and Jewellery come to Waff’s Cycle with the aid of the reference books. defier in the Duncan batch. He was Official Secrets Bill, published in ary Opposition is doing virtually Works, 82 Harrison Street, Johan­ also a well-known sportsman. a Government Gazette last year, nothing to focus attention on the nesburg. New Age readers will re­ advance of fascism. Critics (I ad­ WHO CAN STAY? He leaves a wife and four child­ will be passed; and the Industrial ceive a special discount on all new ren. mit to being one of them) who watches bought. Managed by Issy The effect of the influx control Conciliation Bill will come back in its full glory. have prophesied the rapid decline Heyman. regulations is that only certain The Nursing Act will be and fall of the United Party, are categories of women will have a being told: But, look, it is still a OPTIOANS right to be in an urban or pro­ amended—apartheid for nurses. Applications for the establish­ big party and it is still going Wolfson A De Wet, F.N.A.O. claimed area. Tvl. Peace Council ment of Bantu authorities “have strong. It is going to challenge the (Eng.), Qualified Sight-testing and These are women who were born been received from all the Re­ Senate Act, and fight the new Bill. Dispensing Opticians, 4 King in the area and are permanently Annual Meeting serves.” Also, “to ensure the bet­ Well, let us see what the Oppo­ George Street (between Bree and resident there; or women who have JOHANNESBURG. ter administration of certain laws sition is doing so far. The Labour Plein Streets), Johannesburg. Please lived there continuously for 15 The annual general meeting of relating to Natives and to facili­ Party has a motion on practical note Change of Address. years or been in the same employ­ the Transvaal Peace Council will tate the application thereof, ap­ economic issues, and if it lives up Phone 22-3834 ment for ten years; and women to its record at the last session, it take place on Sunday, January 22. propriate amending legislation 20% Redaction to Africans whose husbands satisfy these con­ at 10 a.m. and will be devoted to will be introduced.” will not evade the apartheid de­ ditions. In practice it will mean a report on the Peace Assembly That old defender of democra­ bates. The Bekker party has gone mostly that only women who have held last year, and on future cam­ tic rights. Mr. Swart, Minister of over completely to the Nationa­ been in the city since 1937 will paigns, among them one for dis­ Justice, gave notice of a Bill “to lists and is literally trying to out- When have the right to remain. armament. The meeting will take consolidate the laws relating to Nat the Nats. Any other women have to obtain place at 37 West Street, Johannes­ riotous assemblies and the prohi­ And the U.P.? Thirteen of its burg. bition of the engendering of feel- members gave notice of private special permission to be in the area. Member’s motions on the opening day. Not a single one deals with NERVE apartheid. Only in Mr. Strauss’s Bid To Deport motion, point (e), is there a gene­ ral reference to the “hollow pro­ PAINS Mrs. Malomela? paganda cty of apartheid.” Mr. Strauss criticises the Population PORT ELIZABETH. SOME STATISTICS Registration Act and the Group Two location superintendents re­ Areas Act, but I'm sure his mind strike! cently called at the home of Mrs. Figures recently issued show Organisation countries are ^ now is not on the welfare of the non- Mag-Aspirin is better. Its double Florence Matomela, who has been that the Soviet Union is now spending about 65,000 million White citizens. He^ dislikes the ordered by Minister Swart to resign producing in a matter of days dollars a year on armaments— action gives quick, safe relief. Population Registration Act be­ It calms nerve shock, gently from the ANC and other organisa­ what it took a whole year to twenty times as much as was cause it makes Whites carry tions. being spent before the Second soothes away the pain in the produce when the Soviet state passes; and he dislikes the Group affected nerves and restores was founded. World War. Areas Act because he fears it will The following are some of the A year’s production of elec­ health-giving sleep. Thousands In the ten years since the war interfere with the labour of White of sufferers have found Mag- questions she was asked: Where tricity in 1920 is now pr*)duced there were 43,700 strikes in the employers. ware you born? Have you ever in one day; pig iron—a day and Aspirin the ideal treatment for stayed out of Port Elizabeth for any U.S. compared with 20,000 NOT A WORD painful conditions like headache, a half; coal—eight days; oil— strikes in the ten-year period be­ For the rest—not a syllable bladder pain, earache, toothache, length of time? Who now manages twenty days; sugar—seven days. fore the war. A total of about apartheid. Mr. Moore wants the land which was owned by your One single hydro-electric sta­ sore throat, sleeplessness and father in the Kingwilliamstown dis­ 27,300,000 workers came out, decimal coinage; Mr. Cope wants rheumatic pains. tion, that at Kuibyshev, to be compared with nine ^ million, to amend the Post Office Adnyni- trict? Have yon any interest in it? opened shortly, will generate and 445 million working days stration and Shipping Combina­ 11,400 million kilowatts—six were lost, compared with 142 tion Discouragement Act, 1911; Are you a member of the ANC? times as much as that produced Did you take part in the Defiance million. Mr. Lawrence wants immigrants; mRc-RSPiR|n by the whole of Czarist Russia. Mr. Russell is worried about dele­ Campaign? Have you a permit to The Soviet Union is today pro­ At the end of last year there ts not ordinary aspirin live in Port Elizabeth? For how gated legislation (but he voted for ducing three times the quantity were 3,230,000 oflScially regis­ the Public Safety and Criminal long have you been living in this of industrial goods that it was in tered as totally unemployed in Nag-Acpirln Powders, 2/- per box. Also house? Laws Amendment Acts); Sir de avxflablc in Tablets at 2/6 at all chemists 1940 when the Nazi armies at­ the United States, and according Villiers Graaff is looking after the and stores. tacked. The real wages of So­ to trade union figures there were farmers, Mr, Waterson after the «5<0.| Similar questions were put to viet workers are now donble over 5 million jobless. In addi­ Mr. Matomela who was born about what they were at that date. tion, 13,400,000 others were on Published by Real Printing & PubUshing Co. (Pty.) Ltd., 6 Barrack 50 years ago in Aberdeen Street, The North Atlantic Treaty short-time. Street, Cape Town, and printed by Pioneer Press (^y.) Ltd., Forgate which is now in one of the best Street, Woodstock. Unless otherwise stated, all political matter m this suburbs of Port Elizabeth. At that time it was occupied by Africans. issue by B, Pi Bimtiog, 6 Barrack Street, Cape Town.

Collection Number: AG2887 Collection Name: Publications, New Age, 1954-1962

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