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Elena Casetta Jorge Marques Da Silva Davide Vecchi Editors History, Philosophy and Theory of the Life Sciences Elena Casetta Jorge Marques da Silva Davide Vecchi Editors From Assessing to Conserving Biodiversity Conceptual and Practical Challenges History, Philosophy and Theory of the Life Sciences Volume 24 Editors Charles T. Wolfe, Ghent University, Belgium Philippe Huneman, IHPST (CNRS/Université Paris I Panthéon-Sorbonne), France Thomas A. C. Reydon, Leibniz Universität Hannover, Germany Editorial Board Marshall Abrams, (University of Alabama at Birmingham) Andre Ariew (Missouri) Minus van Baalen (UPMC, Paris) Domenico Bertoloni Meli (Indiana) Richard Burian (Virginia Tech) Pietro Corsi (EHESS, Paris) François Duchesneau (Université de Montréal) John Dupré (Exeter) Paul Farber (Oregon State) Lisa Gannett (Saint Mary’s University, Halifax) Andy Gardner (Oxford) Paul Griffi ths (Sydney) Jean Gayon (IHPST, Paris) Guido Giglioni (Warburg Institute, London) Thomas Heams (INRA, AgroParisTech, Paris) James Lennox (Pittsburgh) Annick Lesne (CNRS, UPMC, Paris) Tim Lewens (Cambridge) Edouard Machery (Pittsburgh) Alexandre Métraux (Archives Poincaré, Nancy) Hans Metz (Leiden) Roberta Millstein (Davis) Staffan Müller-Wille (Exeter) Dominic Murphy (Sydney) François Munoz (Université Montpellier 2) Stuart Newman (New York Medical College) Frederik Nijhout (Duke) Samir Okasha (Bristol) Susan Oyama (CUNY) Kevin Padian (Berkeley) David Queller (Washington University, St Louis) Stéphane Schmitt (SPHERE, CNRS, Paris) Phillip Sloan (Notre Dame) Jacqueline Sullivan (Western University, London, ON) Giuseppe Testa (IFOM-IEA, Milano) J. Scott Turner (Syracuse) Denis Walsh (Toronto) Marcel Weber (Geneva) More information about this series at http://www.springer.com/series/8916 Elena Casetta • Jorge Marques da Silva Davide Vecchi Editors From Assessing to Conserving Biodiversity Conceptual and Practical Challenges Editors Elena Casetta Jorge Marques da Silva Department of Philosophy and Education BioISI – Biosystems and Integrative University of Turin Sciences Institute and Department of Turin, Italy Plant Biology, Faculdade de Ciências Universidade de Lisboa Davide Vecchi Lisboa, Portugal Centro de Filosofia das Ciências, Departamento de História e Filosofia das Ciências, Faculdade de Ciências Universidade de Lisboa Lisboa, Portugal ISSN 2211-1948 ISSN 2211-1956 (electronic) History, Philosophy and Theory of the Life Sciences ISBN 978-3-030-10990-5 ISBN 978-3-030-10991-2 (eBook) https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-10991-2 Library of Congress Control Number: 2019936165 This book is an open access publication. © The Editor(s) (if applicable) and The Author(s) 2019 Open Access This book is licensed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this book are included in the book’s Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the book’s Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. The publisher, the authors, and the editors are safe to assume that the advice and information in this book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of publication. Neither the publisher nor the authors or the editors give a warranty, express or implied, with respect to the material contained herein or for any errors or omissions that may have been made. The publisher remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations. This Springer imprint is published by the registered company Springer Nature Switzerland AG. The registered company address is: Gewerbestrasse 11, 6330 Cham, Switzerland Contents 1 Biodiversity Healing �������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 1 Elena Casetta, Jorge Marques da Silva, and Davide Vecchi Part I Estimating Biodiversity: Data Collection and Monitoring Challenges 2 The Hidden Biodiversity Data Retained in Pre-Linnaean Works: A Case Study with Two Important XVII Century Italian Entomologists ������������������������������������������������������������������������������ 21 Francesco Andrietti and Carlo Polidori 3 Marine Biodiversity Databanks �������������������������������������������������������������� 55 Anouk Barberousse and Sophie Bary 4 Problems and Questions Posed by Cryptic Species. A Framework to Guide Future Studies �������������������������������������������������� 77 Anne Chenuil, Abigail E. Cahill, Numa Délémontey, Elrick Du Salliant du Luc, and Hadrien Fanton 5 The Importance of Scaling in Biodiversity �������������������������������������������� 107 Luís Borda-de-Água 6 Measures of Biological Diversity: Overview and Unified Framework ���������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 123 Vincenzo Crupi 7 Essential Biodiversity Change Indicators for Evaluating the Effects of Anthropocene in Ecosystems at a Global Scale ������������� 137 Cristina Branquinho, Helena Cristina Serrano, Alice Nunes, Pedro Pinho, and Paula Matos v vi Contents Part II Characterizing Biodiversity: Beyond the Species Approach 8 Are Species Good Units for Biodiversity Studies and Conservation Efforts? ���������������������������������������������������������������������� 167 Thomas A. C. Reydon 9 Why a Species-Based Approach to Biodiversity Is Not Enough. Lessons from Multispecies Biofilms ���������������������������� 195 Jorge Marques da Silva and Elena Casetta 10 Considering Intra-individual Genetic Heterogeneity to Understand Biodiversity �������������������������������������������������������������������� 219 Eva Boon 11 Biodiversity, Disparity and Evolvability ������������������������������������������������ 233 Alessandro Minelli 12 Probing the Process-Based Approach to Biodiversity: Can Plasticity Lead to the Emergence of Novel Units of Biodiversity? ������������������������������������������������������������������������������ 247 Davide Vecchi and Rob Mills 13 Between Explanans and Explanandum: Biodiversity and the Unity of Theoretical Ecology ���������������������������������������������������� 269 Philippe Huneman 14 Functional Biodiversity and the Concept of Ecological Function ������ 297 Antoine C. Dussault 15 Integrating Ecology and Evolutionary Theory: A Game Changer for Biodiversity Conservation? �������������������������������� 317 Silvia Di Marco Part III Conserving Biodiversity: From Science to Policies 16 On the Impossibility and Dispensability of Defining ‘‘Biodiversity’’ ���������������������������������������������������������������������� 341 Georg Toepfer 17 The Vagueness of “Biodiversity” and Its Implications in Conservation Practice ������������������������������������������������������������������������ 353 Yves Meinard, Sylvain Coq, and Bernhard Schmid 18 What Should “Biodiversity” Be? ������������������������������������������������������������ 375 Sahotra Sarkar Contents vii 19 Natural Diversity: How Taking the Bio- out of Biodiversity Aligns with Conservation Priorities ������������������������������ 401 Carlos Santana 20 Ordinary Biodiversity. The Case of Food ���������������������������������������������� 415 Andrea Borghini 21 Conservation Sovereignty and Biodiversity ������������������������������������������ 435 Markku Oksanen and Timo Vuorisalo About the Contributors Francesco Andrietti is a zoologist interested in insect ethology and biomechanics, as well as in history of biology. He graduated in Biology in 1968 and has carried out his career at the University of Milan (Italy) until retirement. He was a Professor of animal physiology and history of biology. He is actively collaborating in different teaching activities and research projects on bee and wasp behavioural ecology, including from a historical perspective. Anouk Barberousse is Professor of philosophy of science at Sorbonne Université, Paris (France), where she teaches general philosophy of science, philosophy of biol- ogy, and philosophy of scientific expertise. She has recently written on the episte- mology of computer simulation, the philosophy of probability, and the role of natural history collections in our knowledge of biodiversity. Sophie Bary is Doctor in “interdisciplinary biology”, working at the National Museum of Natural History of Paris (France). Her thesis is about the analysis of scientific representations of the biodiversity of the seabed. Her approach is taking into account the societal, technical, and economic context. She has recently written on the role of collections in our knowledge of biodiversity, on the place of shell amateurs in the taxonomic knowledge on mollusc, and on the use of a statistical method, i.e. two-mode network, for the exploration of big data set. Eva Boon Eva Boon’s research addresses questions in molecular ecology as well as in philosophy of science. Her biological investigations
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