norfolk s native

Norfolk Island pine Forest achyranthes Tea- Araucaria heterophylla Achyranthes arborescens Dodonaea viscosa viscosa One of Norfolk s best known symbols and common You can find small stands of this small tree in the gullies Also known as hopwood, this quick-growing or across the island, this magnificent tree can grow as tall as and occasionally on the ridges of forested areas within small tree grows to five metres tall and is popular in 60 metres. Cultivated around the world as an ornamental and surrounding the park. Once down to extremely low landscaping and for windbreaks. It is common across tree, its wood is used for construction, wood turning and numbers, it has been successfully propagated back to the island. The shiny, elongated contrast with the crafts. The seeds are a popular food for the endangered widespread distribution around the island. spectacular profusion of red flowers followed by crimson, green parrot. © ANBG © Kevin Mills winged fruits, which gradually fade to a light tan.

Oleander White oak Bloodwood Pittosporum bracteolatum Lagunaria patersonia Baloghia inophylla This endemic tree grows up to seven metres tall and This is a commonly occurring, large and spectacular tree A blood-red sap oozes from cuts in the bark of the is now fairly common in the forest and wooded areas on . It can grow to more than 20 metres tall. bloodwood. This common, low-growing tree has smooth- across the island. Its small, tulip-shaped cream flowers Its pink and mauve coloured flowers fade to white with edged medium-large leaves which are thick and glossy. are followed by a spherical fruit containing numerous age and have a waxy texture. Watch out for the seed pods Early settlers used the sap for staining furniture, marking seeds in a sticky orange pulp. Look for the blackish which contain sharp hairs that can irritate your skin. convicts clothing and thought it a good tonic and © Kevin Mills coloured trunk and long light green leaves. astringent. © ANBG

Devil s guts Nettle tree Ironwood Capparis nobilis Boehmeria australis australis Nestegis apetala Also known as w ait a while , this woody climber earns With sandpaper-textured leaves and a serrated This small tree, usually with wavy-edged leaves is its colourful name from the sharp backward-bending margin, this small, spreading tree occurs naturally relatively common in Norfolk s forests. Its common name thorns on its stems which can easily cut your skin. Tufts within and adjacent to the national park and botanic alludes to its hard timber which was used for fence posts of large white stamens two to three centimetres long garden. There were fewer than 50 mature and other jobs where durability was important. Fruits are © ANBG are a striking feature of the s large white flowers in remaining, but propagation and planting has seen the most often yellow, sometimes red or purple, and look like spring and summer. © Kevin Mills numbers and distribution increase on Norfolk. Unlike small olives. Birds like the fruit which helps its prolific other nettle trees, this one will not sting you. © Kevin Mills regeneration in the native forest. King fern Marattia salicina Bastard oak Whitewood The fronds of this large, robust fern can reach lengths of Ungeria floribunda paniculata three to six metres. A few years ago there were less than The abundant pink flowers give the bastard oak its Latin These large and spectacular trees can be identified by 250 plants left in the wild. Although found mostly in the name floribunda. Growing to around 15 metres tall, it is their white to grey trunks which are often buttressed moist valleys of the national park, there are also a few mostly limited to isolated stands within and immediately at the base, and their leaves which generally have one specimens in the botanic garden. surrounding the park. Not only is this species endemic to side longer than the other. Clusters of green flowers can Norfolk Island, the Ungeria genus is found nowhere else be seen in summer, after which a small round fruit is © Kevin Mills in the world. produced. © Kevin Mills Cordyline Cordyline obtecta Phillip Island hibiscus Pepper tree This palm-like tree, known locally as ti grows up to Hibiscus insularis Macropiper excelsum psittacorum 10 metres tall and occurs throughout forested areas of While the entire wild population of this plant is confined Widespread on the floor of forests, the pepper tree Norfolk. Look for the large narrow leaves clustered at the to Phillip Island, thanks to widespread plantings it is now is a shrub which grows up to three metres tall. It has end of branches, the grape-like sprays of white flowers well distributed throughout Norfolk Island. Its beautiful distinctive round to heart-shaped, dark green leaves or currant like seeds in the warmer months. Green flowers are cream to light green with a dark magenta which are lighter underneath. Fruits are elongated, parrots often use hollows in old cordylines for nesting. centre when they first open. The flowers then redden as conical, fleshy, green at first and turn orange when ripe. they age. Early settlers picked and ate the green fruits and used the Flax © ANBG spicy, ripe seeds as pe pper . Phormium tenax You can often see this tufted, broad-leaved, grass-like Samson s sinew Popwood herb on exposed cliff faces around Norfolk and Phillip Milletia australis Myoporum obscurum Islands. Captain Cook, on discovering Norfolk Island, Samson s sinew, also known as wild wisteria, often These often dome-shaped small trees grow to about six thought that the flax could be used to make sails, and appears as large woody coils hanging from the tops metres tall in open areas of forests. Their shiny green the Norfolk pine for masts. It was one of the reasons that of trees. Its springtime flowers are cream-coloured, leaves have a black tip and often black margin. Prolific, © Kevin Mills convicts were sent to settle on Norfolk Island. sometimes with a bluish tint. They are followed by thick scented white flowers in summer are followed by pea- bean-like velvety pods. You will find this vine throughout sized purple berries. Through active management, these the botanic garden and in the south-western section of trees are increasing in number and distribution within Sia s backbone

the park © Kevin Mills the park and garden. pendulinus The name of this tree is reputed to refer to the pliability and toughness of the wood. Common to forested areas Norfolk Island palm Norfolk Island abutilon across the island, its leaves have sandpaper-like texture. Rhopalostylis baueri Abutilon julianae This plant is responding well to broad-scale woody Reaching 10 metres in height, its attractive bright red fruit This low-growing plant was considered extinct until weed control in the national park with many seedlings is one of the green parrot s favourite foods. This palm is rediscovered on Phillip Island in 1985. When the last of the spontaneously occurring in treated areas. known locally as niau. Early settlers used the growing tip goats, pigs and rabbits were removed from Phillip Island, as a vegetable. They also used the ribs of the palm fronds the abutilon started recolonising. Propagation and active for making brooms and wove the fronds into baskets. planting is also securing this species future on Norfolk Norfolk Island euphorbia Island. Euphorbia norfolkiana This highly endangered shrub typically reaches one to three metres tall. It generally grows in lightly shaded Sharkwood Norfolk treefern areas on coastal cliffs, but it has also been grown Dysoxylum bijugum Cyathea brownii successfully in the botanic garden and in the national If you smell a strong foul or garlic-like smell while walking This attractive treefern is in the Guiness Book of Records park. Its whorled elongate leaves make this an attractive in the park during the spring months, it is likely from this as the tallest in the world, and can be found in the gullies © ANBG and distinctive uniquely Norfolk plant. medium sized tree. Sharkwood has yellow flowers and of the national park and botanic garden. The trunk of the seeds that form in capsules and are red when mature. It Norfolk treefern is much smoother than its close relative, Big creeper is found throughout the national park. the rough treefern. For the early settlers, the centre of Melodinus baueri © ANBG the treefern stems (the heart) provided good food for As its common name suggests this is one of Norfolk s livestock. large climbing vines. Unlike other vines, the leaves each have about 50 parallel veins on both sides of the Evergreen Broad-leafed meryta mid-rib. It has spectacular cream coloured flowers, Alyxia gynopogon Meryta latifolia large grey-green fruit and is common within and This shrub can grow to four metres. It has dark glossy One of Norfolk s plant success stories, this species is on immediately surrounding the national park. leaves with pointy ends forming whorls around the the road to recovery. In the early 2000s, there were only branches. The small white flowers resemble minature about 20 female plants left, but with propagation and frangipanis, and its green seeds turn an attractive replanting the numbers have increased dramatically. Norfolk Island forkfern/ Hanging forkfern Tmesipteris norfolkensis dark orange when ripe. It is common in shaded forest The vulnerable narrow-leaved meryta, Meryta angustifolia, © ANBG throughout the botanic garden, national park and is similar, but with narrower leaves. Epiphytes are plants that grow on other plants. Look adjacent areas. at the trunks of the tall tree ferns, particularly in the botanic garden, to spot this epiphytic plant. Each of its branches are 10 25 centimetres long and support symbol legend © ANBG many one to two centimetre leaf-like appendages. These species have an extremely high risk of These species are likely to become endangered critically becoming extinct due to their very small population vulnerable if the threats to their survival or reproduction endangered size or very limited distribution. are not reduced or removed. Beech Myrsine ralstoniae These species have a high risk of becoming Occur naturally on Norfolk Island and nowhere Common throughout Norfolk, this small understorey extinct and require special management to endangered endemic else in the world. tree with dark glossy leaves grows to around six metres secure their future. tall. It is one of the few species that can withstand the suppressive effects of African olive a widespread For a complete Norfolk Island National Park plant checklist, please visit: environment.gov.au/parks/norfolk woody weed on Norfolk Island. ANBG: © Australian National Botanic Gardens, Photographers M Fagg, G Butler, G Sattler

DEWHA 6570_FA_NorflkIs Plant DL-parksedit7.indd 2 16/04/10 9:36 AM norfolk s native plants

Norfolk Island pine Forest achyranthes Tea-tree Araucaria heterophylla Achyranthes arborescens Dodonaea viscosa viscosa One of Norfolk s best known symbols and common You can find small stands of this small tree in the gullies Also known as hopwood, this quick-growing shrub or across the island, this magnificent tree can grow as tall as and occasionally on the ridges of forested areas within small tree grows to five metres tall and is popular in 60 metres. Cultivated around the world as an ornamental and surrounding the park. Once down to extremely low landscaping and for windbreaks. It is common across tree, its wood is used for construction, wood turning and numbers, it has been successfully propagated back to the island. The shiny, elongated leaves contrast with the crafts. The seeds are a popular food for the endangered widespread distribution around the island. spectacular profusion of red flowers followed by crimson, green parrot. © ANBG © Kevin Mills winged fruits, which gradually fade to a light tan.

Oleander White oak Bloodwood Pittosporum bracteolatum Lagunaria patersonia Baloghia inophylla This endemic tree grows up to seven metres tall and This is a commonly occurring, large and spectacular tree A blood-red sap oozes from cuts in the bark of the is now fairly common in the forest and wooded areas on Norfolk Island. It can grow to more than 20 metres tall. bloodwood. This common, low-growing tree has smooth- across the island. Its small, tulip-shaped cream flowers Its pink and mauve coloured flowers fade to white with edged medium-large leaves which are thick and glossy. are followed by a spherical fruit containing numerous age and have a waxy texture. Watch out for the seed pods Early settlers used the sap for staining furniture, marking seeds in a sticky orange pulp. Look for the blackish which contain sharp hairs that can irritate your skin. convicts clothing and thought it a good tonic and © Kevin Mills coloured trunk and long light green leaves. astringent. © ANBG

Devil s guts Nettle tree Ironwood Capparis nobilis Boehmeria australis australis Nestegis apetala Also known as w ait a while , this woody climber earns With sandpaper-textured leaves and a serrated leaf This small tree, usually with wavy-edged leaves is its colourful name from the sharp backward-bending margin, this small, spreading tree occurs naturally relatively common in Norfolk s forests. Its common name thorns on its stems which can easily cut your skin. Tufts within and adjacent to the national park and botanic alludes to its hard timber which was used for fence posts of large white stamens two to three centimetres long garden. There were fewer than 50 mature trees and other jobs where durability was important. Fruits are © ANBG are a striking feature of the plant s large white flowers in remaining, but propagation and planting has seen the most often yellow, sometimes red or purple, and look like spring and summer. © Kevin Mills numbers and distribution increase on Norfolk. Unlike small olives. Birds like the fruit which helps its prolific other nettle trees, this one will not sting you. © Kevin Mills regeneration in the native forest. King fern Marattia salicina Bastard oak Whitewood The fronds of this large, robust fern can reach lengths of Ungeria floribunda Celtis paniculata three to six metres. A few years ago there were less than The abundant pink flowers give the bastard oak its Latin These large and spectacular trees can be identified by 250 plants left in the wild. Although found mostly in the name floribunda. Growing to around 15 metres tall, it is their white to grey trunks which are often buttressed moist valleys of the national park, there are also a few mostly limited to isolated stands within and immediately at the base, and their leaves which generally have one specimens in the botanic garden. surrounding the park. Not only is this species endemic to side longer than the other. Clusters of green flowers can Norfolk Island, the Ungeria genus is found nowhere else be seen in summer, after which a small round fruit is © Kevin Mills in the world. produced. © Kevin Mills Cordyline Cordyline obtecta Phillip Island hibiscus Pepper tree This palm-like tree, known locally as ti grows up to Hibiscus insularis Macropiper excelsum psittacorum 10 metres tall and occurs throughout forested areas of While the entire wild population of this plant is confined Widespread on the floor of forests, the pepper tree Norfolk. Look for the large narrow leaves clustered at the to Phillip Island, thanks to widespread plantings it is now is a shrub which grows up to three metres tall. It has end of branches, the grape-like sprays of white flowers well distributed throughout Norfolk Island. Its beautiful distinctive round to heart-shaped, dark green leaves or currant like seeds in the warmer months. Green flowers are cream to light green with a dark magenta which are lighter underneath. Fruits are elongated, parrots often use hollows in old cordylines for nesting. centre when they first open. The flowers then redden as conical, fleshy, green at first and turn orange when ripe. they age. Early settlers picked and ate the green fruits and used the Flax © ANBG spicy, ripe seeds as pe pper . Phormium tenax You can often see this tufted, broad-leaved, grass-like Samson s sinew Popwood herb on exposed cliff faces around Norfolk and Phillip Milletia australis Myoporum obscurum Islands. Captain Cook, on discovering Norfolk Island, Samson s sinew, also known as wild wisteria, often These often dome-shaped small trees grow to about six thought that the flax could be used to make sails, and appears as large woody coils hanging from the tops metres tall in open areas of forests. Their shiny green the Norfolk pine for masts. It was one of the reasons that of trees. Its springtime flowers are cream-coloured, leaves have a black tip and often black margin. Prolific, © Kevin Mills convicts were sent to settle on Norfolk Island. sometimes with a bluish tint. They are followed by thick scented white flowers in summer are followed by pea- bean-like velvety pods. You will find this vine throughout sized purple berries. Through active management, these the botanic garden and in the south-western section of trees are increasing in number and distribution within Sia s backbone

the park © Kevin Mills the park and garden. Streblus pendulinus The name of this tree is reputed to refer to the pliability and toughness of the wood. Common to forested areas Norfolk Island palm Norfolk Island abutilon across the island, its leaves have sandpaper-like texture. Rhopalostylis baueri Abutilon julianae This plant is responding well to broad-scale woody Reaching 10 metres in height, its attractive bright red fruit This low-growing plant was considered extinct until weed control in the national park with many seedlings is one of the green parrot s favourite foods. This palm is rediscovered on Phillip Island in 1985. When the last of the spontaneously occurring in treated areas. known locally as niau. Early settlers used the growing tip goats, pigs and rabbits were removed from Phillip Island, as a vegetable. They also used the ribs of the palm fronds the abutilon started recolonising. Propagation and active for making brooms and wove the fronds into baskets. planting is also securing this species future on Norfolk Norfolk Island euphorbia Island. Euphorbia norfolkiana This highly endangered shrub typically reaches one to three metres tall. It generally grows in lightly shaded Sharkwood Norfolk treefern areas on coastal cliffs, but it has also been grown Dysoxylum bijugum Cyathea brownii successfully in the botanic garden and in the national If you smell a strong foul or garlic-like smell while walking This attractive treefern is in the Guiness Book of Records park. Its whorled elongate leaves make this an attractive in the park during the spring months, it is likely from this as the tallest in the world, and can be found in the gullies © ANBG and distinctive uniquely Norfolk plant. medium sized tree. Sharkwood has yellow flowers and of the national park and botanic garden. The trunk of the seeds that form in capsules and are red when mature. It Norfolk treefern is much smoother than its close relative, Big creeper is found throughout the national park. the rough treefern. For the early settlers, the centre of Melodinus baueri © ANBG the treefern stems (the heart) provided good food for As its common name suggests this is one of Norfolk s livestock. large climbing vines. Unlike other vines, the leaves each have about 50 parallel veins on both sides of the Evergreen Broad-leafed meryta mid-rib. It has spectacular cream coloured flowers, Alyxia gynopogon Meryta latifolia large grey-green fruit and is common within and This shrub can grow to four metres. It has dark glossy One of Norfolk s plant success stories, this species is on immediately surrounding the national park. leaves with pointy ends forming whorls around the the road to recovery. In the early 2000s, there were only branches. The small white flowers resemble minature about 20 female plants left, but with propagation and frangipanis, and its green seeds turn an attractive replanting the numbers have increased dramatically. Norfolk Island forkfern/ Hanging forkfern Tmesipteris norfolkensis dark orange when ripe. It is common in shaded forest The vulnerable narrow-leaved meryta, Meryta angustifolia, © ANBG throughout the botanic garden, national park and is similar, but with narrower leaves. Epiphytes are plants that grow on other plants. Look adjacent areas. at the trunks of the tall tree ferns, particularly in the botanic garden, to spot this epiphytic plant. Each of its branches are 10 25 centimetres long and support symbol legend © ANBG many one to two centimetre leaf-like appendages. These species have an extremely high risk of These species are likely to become endangered critically becoming extinct due to their very small population vulnerable if the threats to their survival or reproduction endangered size or very limited distribution. are not reduced or removed. Beech Myrsine ralstoniae These species have a high risk of becoming Occur naturally on Norfolk Island and nowhere Common throughout Norfolk, this small understorey extinct and require special management to endangered endemic else in the world. tree with dark glossy leaves grows to around six metres secure their future. tall. It is one of the few species that can withstand the suppressive effects of African olive a widespread For a complete Norfolk Island National Park plant checklist, please visit: environment.gov.au/parks/norfolk woody weed on Norfolk Island. ANBG: © Australian National Botanic Gardens, Photographers M Fagg, G Butler, G Sattler

DEWHA 6570_FA_NorflkIs Plant DL-parksedit7.indd 2 16/04/10 9:36 AM norfolk s native plants

Norfolk Island pine Forest achyranthes Tea-tree Araucaria heterophylla Achyranthes arborescens Dodonaea viscosa viscosa One of Norfolk s best known symbols and common You can find small stands of this small tree in the gullies Also known as hopwood, this quick-growing shrub or across the island, this magnificent tree can grow as tall as and occasionally on the ridges of forested areas within small tree grows to five metres tall and is popular in 60 metres. Cultivated around the world as an ornamental and surrounding the park. Once down to extremely low landscaping and for windbreaks. It is common across tree, its wood is used for construction, wood turning and numbers, it has been successfully propagated back to the island. The shiny, elongated leaves contrast with the crafts. The seeds are a popular food for the endangered widespread distribution around the island. spectacular profusion of red flowers followed by crimson, green parrot. © ANBG © Kevin Mills winged fruits, which gradually fade to a light tan.

Oleander White oak Bloodwood Pittosporum bracteolatum Lagunaria patersonia Baloghia inophylla This endemic tree grows up to seven metres tall and This is a commonly occurring, large and spectacular tree A blood-red sap oozes from cuts in the bark of the is now fairly common in the forest and wooded areas on Norfolk Island. It can grow to more than 20 metres tall. bloodwood. This common, low-growing tree has smooth- across the island. Its small, tulip-shaped cream flowers Its pink and mauve coloured flowers fade to white with edged medium-large leaves which are thick and glossy. are followed by a spherical fruit containing numerous age and have a waxy texture. Watch out for the seed pods Early settlers used the sap for staining furniture, marking seeds in a sticky orange pulp. Look for the blackish which contain sharp hairs that can irritate your skin. convicts clothing and thought it a good tonic and © Kevin Mills coloured trunk and long light green leaves. astringent. © ANBG

Devil s guts Nettle tree Ironwood Capparis nobilis Boehmeria australis australis Nestegis apetala Also known as w ait a while , this woody climber earns With sandpaper-textured leaves and a serrated leaf This small tree, usually with wavy-edged leaves is its colourful name from the sharp backward-bending margin, this small, spreading tree occurs naturally relatively common in Norfolk s forests. Its common name thorns on its stems which can easily cut your skin. Tufts within and adjacent to the national park and botanic alludes to its hard timber which was used for fence posts of large white stamens two to three centimetres long garden. There were fewer than 50 mature trees and other jobs where durability was important. Fruits are © ANBG are a striking feature of the plant s large white flowers in remaining, but propagation and planting has seen the most often yellow, sometimes red or purple, and look like spring and summer. © Kevin Mills numbers and distribution increase on Norfolk. Unlike small olives. Birds like the fruit which helps its prolific other nettle trees, this one will not sting you. © Kevin Mills regeneration in the native forest. King fern Marattia salicina Bastard oak Whitewood The fronds of this large, robust fern can reach lengths of Ungeria floribunda Celtis paniculata three to six metres. A few years ago there were less than The abundant pink flowers give the bastard oak its Latin These large and spectacular trees can be identified by 250 plants left in the wild. Although found mostly in the name floribunda. Growing to around 15 metres tall, it is their white to grey trunks which are often buttressed moist valleys of the national park, there are also a few mostly limited to isolated stands within and immediately at the base, and their leaves which generally have one specimens in the botanic garden. surrounding the park. Not only is this species endemic to side longer than the other. Clusters of green flowers can Norfolk Island, the Ungeria genus is found nowhere else be seen in summer, after which a small round fruit is © Kevin Mills in the world. produced. © Kevin Mills Cordyline Cordyline obtecta Phillip Island hibiscus Pepper tree This palm-like tree, known locally as ti grows up to Hibiscus insularis Macropiper excelsum psittacorum 10 metres tall and occurs throughout forested areas of While the entire wild population of this plant is confined Widespread on the floor of forests, the pepper tree Norfolk. Look for the large narrow leaves clustered at the to Phillip Island, thanks to widespread plantings it is now is a shrub which grows up to three metres tall. It has end of branches, the grape-like sprays of white flowers well distributed throughout Norfolk Island. Its beautiful distinctive round to heart-shaped, dark green leaves or currant like seeds in the warmer months. Green flowers are cream to light green with a dark magenta which are lighter underneath. Fruits are elongated, parrots often use hollows in old cordylines for nesting. centre when they first open. The flowers then redden as conical, fleshy, green at first and turn orange when ripe. they age. Early settlers picked and ate the green fruits and used the Flax © ANBG spicy, ripe seeds as pe pper . Phormium tenax You can often see this tufted, broad-leaved, grass-like Samson s sinew Popwood herb on exposed cliff faces around Norfolk and Phillip Milletia australis Myoporum obscurum Islands. Captain Cook, on discovering Norfolk Island, Samson s sinew, also known as wild wisteria, often These often dome-shaped small trees grow to about six thought that the flax could be used to make sails, and appears as large woody coils hanging from the tops metres tall in open areas of forests. Their shiny green the Norfolk pine for masts. It was one of the reasons that of trees. Its springtime flowers are cream-coloured, leaves have a black tip and often black margin. Prolific, © Kevin Mills convicts were sent to settle on Norfolk Island. sometimes with a bluish tint. They are followed by thick scented white flowers in summer are followed by pea- bean-like velvety pods. You will find this vine throughout sized purple berries. Through active management, these the botanic garden and in the south-western section of trees are increasing in number and distribution within Sia s backbone

the park © Kevin Mills the park and garden. Streblus pendulinus The name of this tree is reputed to refer to the pliability and toughness of the wood. Common to forested areas Norfolk Island palm Norfolk Island abutilon across the island, its leaves have sandpaper-like texture. Rhopalostylis baueri Abutilon julianae This plant is responding well to broad-scale woody Reaching 10 metres in height, its attractive bright red fruit This low-growing plant was considered extinct until weed control in the national park with many seedlings is one of the green parrot s favourite foods. This palm is rediscovered on Phillip Island in 1985. When the last of the spontaneously occurring in treated areas. known locally as niau. Early settlers used the growing tip goats, pigs and rabbits were removed from Phillip Island, as a vegetable. They also used the ribs of the palm fronds the abutilon started recolonising. Propagation and active for making brooms and wove the fronds into baskets. planting is also securing this species future on Norfolk Norfolk Island euphorbia Island. Euphorbia norfolkiana This highly endangered shrub typically reaches one to three metres tall. It generally grows in lightly shaded Sharkwood Norfolk treefern areas on coastal cliffs, but it has also been grown Dysoxylum bijugum Cyathea brownii successfully in the botanic garden and in the national If you smell a strong foul or garlic-like smell while walking This attractive treefern is in the Guiness Book of Records park. Its whorled elongate leaves make this an attractive in the park during the spring months, it is likely from this as the tallest in the world, and can be found in the gullies © ANBG and distinctive uniquely Norfolk plant. medium sized tree. Sharkwood has yellow flowers and of the national park and botanic garden. The trunk of the seeds that form in capsules and are red when mature. It Norfolk treefern is much smoother than its close relative, Big creeper is found throughout the national park. the rough treefern. For the early settlers, the centre of Melodinus baueri © ANBG the treefern stems (the heart) provided good food for As its common name suggests this is one of Norfolk s livestock. large climbing vines. Unlike other vines, the leaves each have about 50 parallel veins on both sides of the Evergreen Broad-leafed meryta mid-rib. It has spectacular cream coloured flowers, Alyxia gynopogon Meryta latifolia large grey-green fruit and is common within and This shrub can grow to four metres. It has dark glossy One of Norfolk s plant success stories, this species is on immediately surrounding the national park. leaves with pointy ends forming whorls around the the road to recovery. In the early 2000s, there were only branches. The small white flowers resemble minature about 20 female plants left, but with propagation and frangipanis, and its green seeds turn an attractive replanting the numbers have increased dramatically. Norfolk Island forkfern/ Hanging forkfern Tmesipteris norfolkensis dark orange when ripe. It is common in shaded forest The vulnerable narrow-leaved meryta, Meryta angustifolia, © ANBG throughout the botanic garden, national park and is similar, but with narrower leaves. Epiphytes are plants that grow on other plants. Look adjacent areas. at the trunks of the tall tree ferns, particularly in the botanic garden, to spot this epiphytic plant. Each of its branches are 10 25 centimetres long and support symbol legend © ANBG many one to two centimetre leaf-like appendages. These species have an extremely high risk of These species are likely to become endangered critically becoming extinct due to their very small population vulnerable if the threats to their survival or reproduction endangered size or very limited distribution. are not reduced or removed. Beech Myrsine ralstoniae These species have a high risk of becoming Occur naturally on Norfolk Island and nowhere Common throughout Norfolk, this small understorey extinct and require special management to endangered endemic else in the world. tree with dark glossy leaves grows to around six metres secure their future. tall. It is one of the few species that can withstand the suppressive effects of African olive a widespread For a complete Norfolk Island National Park plant checklist, please visit: environment.gov.au/parks/norfolk woody weed on Norfolk Island. ANBG: © Australian National Botanic Gardens, Photographers M Fagg, G Butler, G Sattler

DEWHA 6570_FA_NorflkIs Plant DL-parksedit7.indd 2 16/04/10 9:36 AM norfolk s native plants

Norfolk Island pine Forest achyranthes Tea-tree Araucaria heterophylla Achyranthes arborescens Dodonaea viscosa viscosa One of Norfolk s best known symbols and common You can find small stands of this small tree in the gullies Also known as hopwood, this quick-growing shrub or across the island, this magnificent tree can grow as tall as and occasionally on the ridges of forested areas within small tree grows to five metres tall and is popular in 60 metres. Cultivated around the world as an ornamental and surrounding the park. Once down to extremely low landscaping and for windbreaks. It is common across tree, its wood is used for construction, wood turning and numbers, it has been successfully propagated back to the island. The shiny, elongated leaves contrast with the crafts. The seeds are a popular food for the endangered widespread distribution around the island. spectacular profusion of red flowers followed by crimson, green parrot. © ANBG © Kevin Mills winged fruits, which gradually fade to a light tan.

Oleander White oak Bloodwood Pittosporum bracteolatum Lagunaria patersonia Baloghia inophylla This endemic tree grows up to seven metres tall and This is a commonly occurring, large and spectacular tree A blood-red sap oozes from cuts in the bark of the is now fairly common in the forest and wooded areas on Norfolk Island. It can grow to more than 20 metres tall. bloodwood. This common, low-growing tree has smooth- across the island. Its small, tulip-shaped cream flowers Its pink and mauve coloured flowers fade to white with edged medium-large leaves which are thick and glossy. are followed by a spherical fruit containing numerous age and have a waxy texture. Watch out for the seed pods Early settlers used the sap for staining furniture, marking seeds in a sticky orange pulp. Look for the blackish which contain sharp hairs that can irritate your skin. convicts clothing and thought it a good tonic and © Kevin Mills coloured trunk and long light green leaves. astringent. © ANBG

Devil s guts Nettle tree Ironwood Capparis nobilis Boehmeria australis australis Nestegis apetala Also known as w ait a while , this woody climber earns With sandpaper-textured leaves and a serrated leaf This small tree, usually with wavy-edged leaves is its colourful name from the sharp backward-bending margin, this small, spreading tree occurs naturally relatively common in Norfolk s forests. Its common name thorns on its stems which can easily cut your skin. Tufts within and adjacent to the national park and botanic alludes to its hard timber which was used for fence posts of large white stamens two to three centimetres long garden. There were fewer than 50 mature trees and other jobs where durability was important. Fruits are © ANBG are a striking feature of the plant s large white flowers in remaining, but propagation and planting has seen the most often yellow, sometimes red or purple, and look like spring and summer. © Kevin Mills numbers and distribution increase on Norfolk. Unlike small olives. Birds like the fruit which helps its prolific other nettle trees, this one will not sting you. © Kevin Mills regeneration in the native forest. King fern Marattia salicina Bastard oak Whitewood The fronds of this large, robust fern can reach lengths of Ungeria floribunda Celtis paniculata three to six metres. A few years ago there were less than The abundant pink flowers give the bastard oak its Latin These large and spectacular trees can be identified by 250 plants left in the wild. Although found mostly in the name floribunda. Growing to around 15 metres tall, it is their white to grey trunks which are often buttressed moist valleys of the national park, there are also a few mostly limited to isolated stands within and immediately at the base, and their leaves which generally have one specimens in the botanic garden. surrounding the park. Not only is this species endemic to side longer than the other. Clusters of green flowers can Norfolk Island, the Ungeria genus is found nowhere else be seen in summer, after which a small round fruit is © Kevin Mills in the world. produced. © Kevin Mills Cordyline Cordyline obtecta Phillip Island hibiscus Pepper tree This palm-like tree, known locally as ti grows up to Hibiscus insularis Macropiper excelsum psittacorum 10 metres tall and occurs throughout forested areas of While the entire wild population of this plant is confined Widespread on the floor of forests, the pepper tree Norfolk. Look for the large narrow leaves clustered at the to Phillip Island, thanks to widespread plantings it is now is a shrub which grows up to three metres tall. It has end of branches, the grape-like sprays of white flowers well distributed throughout Norfolk Island. Its beautiful distinctive round to heart-shaped, dark green leaves or currant like seeds in the warmer months. Green flowers are cream to light green with a dark magenta which are lighter underneath. Fruits are elongated, parrots often use hollows in old cordylines for nesting. centre when they first open. The flowers then redden as conical, fleshy, green at first and turn orange when ripe. they age. Early settlers picked and ate the green fruits and used the Flax © ANBG spicy, ripe seeds as pe pper . Phormium tenax You can often see this tufted, broad-leaved, grass-like Samson s sinew Popwood herb on exposed cliff faces around Norfolk and Phillip Milletia australis Myoporum obscurum Islands. Captain Cook, on discovering Norfolk Island, Samson s sinew, also known as wild wisteria, often These often dome-shaped small trees grow to about six thought that the flax could be used to make sails, and appears as large woody coils hanging from the tops metres tall in open areas of forests. Their shiny green the Norfolk pine for masts. It was one of the reasons that of trees. Its springtime flowers are cream-coloured, leaves have a black tip and often black margin. Prolific, © Kevin Mills convicts were sent to settle on Norfolk Island. sometimes with a bluish tint. They are followed by thick scented white flowers in summer are followed by pea- bean-like velvety pods. You will find this vine throughout sized purple berries. Through active management, these the botanic garden and in the south-western section of trees are increasing in number and distribution within Sia s backbone

the park © Kevin Mills the park and garden. Streblus pendulinus The name of this tree is reputed to refer to the pliability and toughness of the wood. Common to forested areas Norfolk Island palm Norfolk Island abutilon across the island, its leaves have sandpaper-like texture. Rhopalostylis baueri Abutilon julianae This plant is responding well to broad-scale woody Reaching 10 metres in height, its attractive bright red fruit This low-growing plant was considered extinct until weed control in the national park with many seedlings is one of the green parrot s favourite foods. This palm is rediscovered on Phillip Island in 1985. When the last of the spontaneously occurring in treated areas. known locally as niau. Early settlers used the growing tip goats, pigs and rabbits were removed from Phillip Island, as a vegetable. They also used the ribs of the palm fronds the abutilon started recolonising. Propagation and active for making brooms and wove the fronds into baskets. planting is also securing this species future on Norfolk Norfolk Island euphorbia Island. Euphorbia norfolkiana This highly endangered shrub typically reaches one to three metres tall. It generally grows in lightly shaded Sharkwood Norfolk treefern areas on coastal cliffs, but it has also been grown Dysoxylum bijugum Cyathea brownii successfully in the botanic garden and in the national If you smell a strong foul or garlic-like smell while walking This attractive treefern is in the Guiness Book of Records park. Its whorled elongate leaves make this an attractive in the park during the spring months, it is likely from this as the tallest in the world, and can be found in the gullies © ANBG and distinctive uniquely Norfolk plant. medium sized tree. Sharkwood has yellow flowers and of the national park and botanic garden. The trunk of the seeds that form in capsules and are red when mature. It Norfolk treefern is much smoother than its close relative, Big creeper is found throughout the national park. the rough treefern. For the early settlers, the centre of Melodinus baueri © ANBG the treefern stems (the heart) provided good food for As its common name suggests this is one of Norfolk s livestock. large climbing vines. Unlike other vines, the leaves each have about 50 parallel veins on both sides of the Evergreen Broad-leafed meryta mid-rib. It has spectacular cream coloured flowers, Alyxia gynopogon Meryta latifolia large grey-green fruit and is common within and This shrub can grow to four metres. It has dark glossy One of Norfolk s plant success stories, this species is on immediately surrounding the national park. leaves with pointy ends forming whorls around the the road to recovery. In the early 2000s, there were only branches. The small white flowers resemble minature about 20 female plants left, but with propagation and frangipanis, and its green seeds turn an attractive replanting the numbers have increased dramatically. Norfolk Island forkfern/ Hanging forkfern Tmesipteris norfolkensis dark orange when ripe. It is common in shaded forest The vulnerable narrow-leaved meryta, Meryta angustifolia, © ANBG throughout the botanic garden, national park and is similar, but with narrower leaves. Epiphytes are plants that grow on other plants. Look adjacent areas. at the trunks of the tall tree ferns, particularly in the botanic garden, to spot this epiphytic plant. Each of its branches are 10 25 centimetres long and support symbol legend © ANBG many one to two centimetre leaf-like appendages. These species have an extremely high risk of These species are likely to become endangered critically becoming extinct due to their very small population vulnerable if the threats to their survival or reproduction endangered size or very limited distribution. are not reduced or removed. Beech Myrsine ralstoniae These species have a high risk of becoming Occur naturally on Norfolk Island and nowhere Common throughout Norfolk, this small understorey extinct and require special management to endangered endemic else in the world. tree with dark glossy leaves grows to around six metres secure their future. tall. It is one of the few species that can withstand the suppressive effects of African olive a widespread For a complete Norfolk Island National Park plant checklist, please visit: environment.gov.au/parks/norfolk woody weed on Norfolk Island. ANBG: © Australian National Botanic Gardens, Photographers M Fagg, G Butler, G Sattler

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