Porbandar Gujarat State

CONTINGENCY PLANS FOR RABI AND SUMMER CROPS District: Porbandar Gujarat State

1. Rainfall Information(Average of 10 year-2004-5 to 2015-16) Oct – Dec Jan – Mar (a) Normal rainfall during Rabi season:(mm) 0 0 (b) Number of rainy days :Nos. 0 0

2. Rabi and summer crops cultivated 2a Area Production statistics (2011-12 to 2014-15) S. No Cropping System Crop name Area Production Productivity ‘000 ha ‘000 t Kg/ha 1 Groundnut based cropping system Wheat 20.7 64.7 3119 Sesame-summer 2.4 1.2 493 Cumin 17.5 12.1 693 Coriander 15.5 25.3 1630 Green gram 2.9 1.3 452 Onion 0.2 5.4 27000 Brinjal 0.25 4.3 17400 2 Rainfed system Chickpea 10.6 13.7 1289 Sorghum 9.0 9.6 1067 3 Horticulture -fruit & plantation Mango 0.28 2.17 7740 crops Coconut 0.69 5900 ('000 nuts) 8550 nuts (Source: Reports of Porbandar District Panchayat, Department of Agriculture and Horticulture, Government of Gujarat 2016) Note: Other horticultural crops (vegetable & spices) showing last three years data and fruit crops shows the data of 2015-16

2b Source wise (Water) cultivated area S. No Crop name Cultivated area under (‘000 ha) Residual moisture condition/rainfed Ground water Tank irrigated Canal irrigated irrigated 1 Wheat - 20.7 - - 2 Cumin - 17.5 - - 3 Coriander - 15.5 - - 4 Chickpea 10.6 - - - 5 Sorghum 9.0 - - - 6 Sesame - 2.4 - - 7 Green gram - 2.9 - - 8 Onion - 0.2 - - 9 Brinjal - 0.25 - - (Source: Reports of Junagadh District Panchayat, Department of Agriculture and Horticulture, Government of Gujarat, PMKSY District Irrigation plan (2016- 2020) Junagadh, Gujarat)

3. Sowing window information S. No. Soil type Cropping system Crop name Optimum sowing window (Please mention along with week i.e., 2nd week of Oct to 4th week of Nov/etc.) 1 Shallow to medium Groundnut based Wheat 2nd week of Nov to 4th week of Nov black cropping system Cumin 2nd week of Nov to 4th week of Nov Coriander 2nd week of Nov to 4th week of Nov Sesame 2nd week of Feb to 4th week of Feb Green gram 2nd week of Feb to 4th week of Feb Onion Nov.2ndweek to Nov.4thweek Brinjal Aug. 1st week to Sep. 2nd week Cotton based cropping Sesame 2nd week of Feb to 4th week of Feb system 2 Deep black soil Chickpea/Sorghum on Chickpea 2nd week of Nov to 4th week of Nov conserved moisture Sorghum 2nd week of Sep to 2nd week of Oct

4. Contingency measures Field crops For crops grown with residual moisture i.e., under rainfed condition (a) Excess residual moisture S. No. Soil type Cropping system Crop name Sowing Window Variety Management practices 1 Deep black Sorghum Sorghum Sep. 2ndweek to Oct. 2ndweek Gundhari, GFS-3,  Recommended package of (Ghed) GAFS-11, CSV- practices 21F Chickpea rainfed Chickpea Nov.2nd week to Nov.4th week GG-1,2, GJG-3  Adopt surface drainage or  Delay sowing upto 1 week  Sowing at optimum moisture

(b) Less than optimum moisture i.e., 25% less than normal, which can happen due to insufficient rainfall during September/October months. Deficit of 20-40% rainfall S. No. Soil type Cropping system Crop name Sowing time Variety Management practices 1 Deep black Sorghum Sorghum Sep. 2ndweek to Gundhari,  Plant thinning nd (Ghed) Oct. 2 week GFS-3,  Adopt organic mulch/crop GAFS-11, residue. CSV-21F Chickpea Chickpea Oct.3rd week to GG-2  Inter culturing with blade Nov.1st week harrow  Spray 1 % N through urea.

(c) Severe limitation in moisture. Deficit of rainfall during September/October months by more than 40%. S. No. Soil type Cropping system Crop name Sowing time Variety Management practices Deep black soil Sorghum Fodder Sorghum Fodder Sep.2ndweek to Gundhari, GFS-  Adopt organic mulch/crop residue. nd (Ghed) rainfed Oct.2 week 3, GAFS-11,  Plant thinning CSV-21F  Don’t feed as green fodder.  Weeding & optimum plant stand

For crops grown with groundwater (a) Above normal rainfall in Kharif coupled with good distribution S.No. Soil type Cropping system Crop name Sowing time Variety Management practices 1 Shallow to Groundnut based Wheat 2ndweek of Nov- GW-451,GJW-  Adopt recommended agronomic and irrigation practices. th medium cropping system 4 week of Nov 463, GW-496,  Immediate after last irrigation spray 2 % urea and mencozeb black GW-366 Lok-1 75 % WP (27 g/10 litre water) for better quality of grain. Coriander Nov.2ndweek to GC-2,3  Adopt recommended agronomic and irrigation practices th Nov.4 week  Seed treatment with thirum @ 2-3 gm/kg seed for prevention of wilt disease  After germination make alternative spray of mencozeb 75 % WP (27 g/10 litre water) and hexaconazole 5 % EC (10 ml/10 lit. water) for prevention of blight and PM diseases at 10-12 days interval. Cumin Nov.2ndweek to GC-3, GC-4  Adopt recommended agronomic and irrigation practices th Nov.4 week  Seed treatment with thirum @ 2-3 g/kg seed for prevention of wilt disease  After germination make alternative spray of mencozeb 75 % WP (27 g/10 litre water) and hexaconazole 5 % EC (10 ml/10 lit. water) for prevention of blight and PM diseases at 10-12 days interval.  Under cloudy weather and fog condition make extra spray of mencozeb 75 % WP (27 g/10 litre water) for prevention of blight. Sesame Feb.3rd week to GT-2, 3,5 Adopt recommended package practices (Summer) Feb.4thweek Green Feb.3rd week to GM-4 Adopt recommended package of practices gram Feb.4thweek Cotton based Sesame 2ndweek of Feb- GT-2, 3, 5 Adopt recommended package of practices cropping system 4thweek of Feb 2 Deep black Chickpea/Sorghum Chickpea Nov.2nd week to GG-2,3, GJG-  Adopt recommended agronomic practices th (Ghed) on conserved Nov.4 week 5,  Monitor the crop for heliothis and prodenia infestation, if moisture infestation observed above ETL spray spinosad 45 % SC (3 ml/10 lit. water). Sorghum Sep. 2ndweek to Gundhari,GFS- Adopt recommended package of practices Oct. 2ndweek 3, GAFS-11, CSV-21F

(b) Normal rainfall S.No. Soil type Cropping system Crop name Sowing time Variety Management practices 1 Shallow to Groundnut based Wheat 2ndweek of Nov- GW-451,GJW-  Adopt recommended agronomic and irrigation practices. th medium cropping system 4 week of Nov 463, GW-496,  Immediate after last irrigation spray 2 % urea and black GW-366, Lok- mencozeb 75 % WP (27 g/10 litre water) for better quality 1 of grain. Coriander Nov.2ndweek to GC-2,3  Adopt recommended agronomic and irrigation practices th Nov.4 week  Seed treatment with thirum @ 2-3 g/kg seed for prevention of wilt disease  After germination make alternative spray of mencozeb 75 % WP (27 g/10 litre water) and hexaconazole 5 % EC (10 ml/10 lit. water) for prevention of blight and PM diseases, respectively at 10-12 days interval. Cumin Nov.2ndweek to GC-3, GC-4  Adopt recommended agronomic and irrigation practices th Nov.4 week  Seed treatment with thirum @ 2-3 g/kg seed for prevention of wilt disease  After germination make alternative spray of mencozeb 75% WP (27 g/10 litre water) and hexaconazole 5 % EC (10 ml/10 lit. water) for prevention of blight and PM diseases, respectively at 10-12 days interval.  Under cloudy weather and fog condition make extra spray of mencozeb 75 % WP (27 g/10 litre water) for prevention of blight. Sesame Feb.3rd week to GT-2, 3,5 Adopt recommended package practices (Summer) Feb.4thweek Green Feb.3rd week to GM-4 Adopt recommended package of practices gram Feb.4thweek Cotton based Sesame 2ndweek of Feb- GT-2, 3, 5 Adopt recommended package of practices cropping system 4thweek of Feb 2 Deep black Chickpea/Sorghum Chickpea Nov.2nd week to GG-2,3, GJG-  Adopt recommended agronomic practices th (Ghed) on conserved Nov.4 week 5,  Monitor the crop for heliothis and prodenia infestation, if moisture infestation observed above ETL spray spinosad 45 % SC (3 ml/10 lit. water). Sorghum Sep. 2ndweek to Gundhari, Adopt recommended package of practices Oct. 2ndweek GFS-3, GAFS- 11, CSV-21F

(c) Deficient rainfall in Kharif season (25-50% deficient) S. No. Soil type Cropping system Crop name Sowing time Variety Management practices 1 Shallow to medium Groundnut based Wheat Nov.2nd week to GW-451,GJW-  Adopt management practices as given in rd black cropping system Nov.3 week 463, GW-496, point 4.4(a) plus following practices. GW-366, Lok-1,  Use MIS irrigation system KRL-19  Irrigate during critical stages only.  Give irrigation during night time to reduce transpiration Coriander Nov.2nd week to GC-2, 3  Adopt management practices as given in Nov.3rd week point 4.4(a) plus following practices.  Adopt MIS with organic mulching  Irrigate during critical stages only.  Give irrigation during night time to reduce transpiration Cumin Nov.2ndweek to GC-3, GC-4  Adopt management practices as given in Nov.3rd week point 4.4(a) plus following practices.  Use MIS irrigation system and irrigate upto flowering stage only.  Give irrigation during night time to reduce transpiration Sesame - -  Avoid summer crop sowing (Summer) Green gram - -  Avoid summer crop sowing Cotton based Sesame - -  Avoid summer crop sowing cropping system 2 Deep black (Ghed) Chickpea/Sorghum Chickpea Nov.2nd week to GG-2,3, GJG-5,  Adopt recommended agronomic practices th on conserved Nov.4 week  Monitor the crop for heliothis and prodenia moisture infestation, if infestation observed above ETL spray spinosad 45 % SC (3 ml/10 lit. water). Sorghum Sep. 2nd week to Gundhari, GFS- Adopt recommended package of practices Oct. 2nd week 3, GAFS-11, CSV-21F

(d) Scanty rainfall in Kharif season S.No. Soil type Cropping system Crop name Sowing time Variety Management practices 1 Shallow to Groundnut based Coriander Nov.2nd week GC-2, 3  Adopt management practices as given in point rd medium cropping system to Nov.3 4.4(a) plus following practices. black week  Thinning of plants and sell as green coriander  Use of Drip irrigation system  Irrigation during critical stages.  Give irrigation during night time to reduce transpiration Cumin Nov.2nd week GC-3, 4  Adopt management practices as given in point to Nov.3rd 4.4(a) plus following practices. week  Use drip irrigation system and irrigate upto flowering stage only.  Give irrigation during night time to reduce transpiration Chickpea Nov.2nd week GG-1, GJG-3  Adopt management practices as given in point to Nov.3rd 4.4(a) plus following practices. week  Irrigate at branching stage.  If two irrigations are possible, irrigate during branching and pod development stages only.  Give irrigation during night time to reduce transpiration Sesame - -  Avoid summer crop sowing (Summer) Green gram - -  Avoid summer crop sowing Cotton based cropping Sesame - -  Avoid summer crop sowing system 2 Deep black Chickpea/Sorghum on Chickpea Nov.2nd week GG-2,3, GJG-5,  Adopt recommended agronomic practices th (Ghed) conserved moisture to Nov.4  Monitor the crop for heliothis and prodenia week infestation, if infestation observed above ETL spray spinosad 45 % SC (3 ml/10 lit. water). Sorghum Sep. 2nd week Gundhari, GFS-3, Adopt recommended package of practices to Oct. 2nd GAFS-11, CSV- week 21F

e) Management practices for unseasonal rains Condition Management practices to be adopted Continuous high rainfall in Vegetative Flowering stage Crop maturity stage Post-harvest a short span leading to stage water logging Wheat  Surface drainage (for  Protect product with plastic sheet (100μ UV management of water stabilized colour plastic) or shift produces to logging, lodging crop and farm shed - - black point in grain. spray  Protection against pest/disease damage in mancozeb 0.2% (27g/ 10 lit. storage etc., water)  Preparation for quick drying technique  Separate good and bad lot. Coriander Surface Surface drainage  Surface drainage (for  Protect product with plastic sheet (100 μ UV drainage (For for management management of water stabilized colour plastic) or shift produces to management of water logging logging crop farm shed of water  Spray 0.2%% (30g/ 10 lit.  Protection against pest/disease damage in logging water) wettablesulpher for storage etc., condition) protection against powdery  Preparation for quick drying technique mildew disease  Separate good and bad lot. Cumin Surface Surface drainage  Surface drainage (for  Protect product with plastic sheet (100 μ UV drainage (For for management management of water stabilized colour plastic) or shift produces to management of water logging logging crop farm shed of water  To control cumin blight)spray  Protection against pest/disease damage in logging mancozeb 0.2%% (27g/ 10 storage etc., condition) lit. water)  Preparation for quick drying technique  Spray 0.2% % (30g/ 10 lit.  Separate good and bad lot. water)wettablesulpher for protection against powdery mildew disease Sesame (summer) - -  Quick surface drainage,  Protect product with plastic sheet (100 μ UV open channel around field. stabilized colour plastic) or shift produces to farm shed  Protection against pest/disease damage in storage  Preparation for quick drying technique  Separate good and bad lot.

Condition Management practices to be adopted Continuous high rainfall in Vegetative Flowering stage Crop maturity stage Post-harvest a short span leading to stage water logging Chickpea - -  Provide drainage, harvest  Protect product with plastic sheet (100 μ UV immediately after drying stabilized colour plastic) or shift produces to farm shed  Protection against pest/disease damage in storage etc.,  Preparation for quick drying technique  Separate good and bad lot. Sorghum - - Provide drainage  Protect product with plastic sheet (100 μ UV Harvest immediately after drying stabilized colour plastic) or shift produces to farm shed.  Protection against pest/disease damage in storage etc.  Preparation for quick drying technique  Separate good and bad lot.

4.3 For crops grown with Canal Irrigation: The scenario would be based on the storage available in the reservoirs. a. Limited release of water S. No. Soil type Cropping system Crop name Sowing window Variety Management practices NA b. Delayed release of water: NA

5. Contingency measures for Horticulture Crops (Existing / New plantations) Sr. Crop Specific management practices to be taken up following Time of intervention Remarks No. Name excess/deficient/scanty rainfall Existing plantations 1 Mango Excess rainfall  Provide surface drainage June to September  Add gypsum 1-2 kg per plant  Spray 0.2% (30 g/10 litre water) wettable sulphur or December to January 0.005 % (10 ml/10 litre water) hexaconazole for protection against powdery mildew Deficient/scanty rainfall  Use of MIS December to May  Use mulching Oct. to May  Use subsurface drip irrigation if possible  Apply of Maurram in soil 3 Coconut Excess rainfall - - Deficient/scanty rainfall  Use of MIS December to May  Use mulching Oct. to May  Use subsurface drip irrigation if possible  Apply of Maurramin soil New plantations 1 Mango Excess rainfall  Provide proper drainage, June to September  Provide staking  Earthing up near stem  Add gypsum @ 1-2 kg/plant  Drenching of carbendazim @ 10 g/10 lit.water  Forking the soil Deficient/scanty rainfall Adopt drip irrigation system for planting, mulching - Apply irrigation through drip with mulch or subsurface drip irrigation in case of last monsoon below normal

Sr. Crop Specific management practices to be taken up following Time of intervention Remarks No. Name excess/deficient/scanty rainfall 2 Coconut Excess rainfall  Add gypsum 1-2 kg per plant -  Drenching of carbendazim @ 1 g/lit.  Forking the soil Deficient/scanty rainfall  Use of drip irrigation system -  Use mulching  Use subsurface drip irrigation if possible. 6.Contingency measures for Horticulture Crops(vegetables) S. Crop Specific management practices to be taken up following Time of Remarks No. Name excess/deficient/scanty rainfall intervention 1 Onion Excess rainfall  Provide drainage June to  Raise nursery on raised bed or broad bed  Delay in sowing September and furrow  Manage soil for good drainage Deficient/scanty rainfall  Use micro irrigation with plastic mulch November to  Apply irrigation through MIS February  Use plastic mulch  Give irrigation during night time to reduce transpiration  Soil amendments, and/or reduced tillage. 2 Brinjal Excess rainfall  Provide drainage July to  Use surface drainage system  Delay in nursery raising August  Raise nursery on raised bed or broad bed and furrow Deficient/scanty rainfall  Use micro irrigation with plastic mulch and /or place the drip September to  Apply irrigation through drip with mulch system to subsurface March  Give irrigation during night time to reduce  Alternate furrow irrigation transpiration  Apply irrigation in alternate furrow with rotation  Soil amendments, and/or reduced tillage.

7. Temperature related stresses for field and horticulture crops: Excess temperatures/ Less than normal temperatures SN Crop Stage of crop growth Threshold temperature Suggested management practices name 1 2 3 4 5 1 Cotton Flowering and boll >32 0C  Micro irrigation formation  Straw mulching  Give frequent irrigation. Boll maturity >38 0C  Use drip irrigation  Straw mulching  Give frequent irrigation. 2 Wheat Germination >25 0C  Delay sowing up to optimum temp(20-25 0C ) Anthesis >22 0C  Light and frequent irrigation Milking stage >26 0C  Light and frequent irrigation Dough stage 7-18 0C suitable 5 to 15  Light and frequent irrigation days Grain filling >30 0C not suitable  Light and frequent irrigation  Use early sowing variety Lok-1 and prefer early maturing variety GW-173 & GW 11 in late sowing to avoid of high temp. 3 Coriander Germination >250C  Light and frequent Irrigation  Delay sowing. 4 Cumin Germination >22 0C  Light and frequent irrigation  Delay sowing. 5 Sesame Germination < 15 0C not suitable for  Delay sowing. summer germination Growth and develop. >30 0C  Light and frequent irrigation. Flower dropping and >350C  Light and frequent irrigation pollination 6 Chickpea Germination >240C  Delay sowing to get optimum temp(15-20 0C) Flowering >300C  Give irrigation  External application of ABA* can protect plant against heat stress Pod development >300C  Give irrigation  External application of ABA* can protect plant against heat stress

SN Crop Stage of crop growth Threshold temperature Suggested management practices name Seed development >300C  Give irrigation  External application of ABA can protect plant against heat stress 7 Mango Flowering & fruit setting < 15 0C Night &  Smudging technique during low temperature at early morning. > 25 0C Day during 5 days  Irrigation during low or high temperature.  Mulching during low or high temperature.  Shelter belts/Wind breaks Initial fruit development > 35 0C with higher day-  Nutrients & Irrigation. night fluctuation during  Spray NAA** 20 ppm + 2% urea week or more.  Mulching  Shelter belts/Wind breaks Maturity stage 35-40 0C during week or  Give frequent irrigation more causing sun burning  Mulching mostly on western side  Sod*** culture fruits  Shelter belts/Wind breaks 8 Coconut Tree growth >35°C  Application of lime solution on the trunk up to a height of 2-3 m at the start of the summer season Flowering & Fruit setting <20 0 C &  Regular irrigation is recommended during low or high temperature. >35°C Note: Temperature increase or decrease over normal and for number of days. For example, increase of 3 degrees over normal for a period of 5 days *ABA-Abscisic acid **NAA-Naphthalene acetic acid ***Sod culture-Green cover on soil by growing fodder or green manure crop to reduce soil temperature

8. Management practices for livestock (to cover shelter management during cold or heat waves, production/regulation of fodder in rabi season in deficient monsoon years/ excess monsoon rainfall years etc), For Fodder crops grown with residual moisture i.e., under rainfed condition (a) Excess (rainfall during September/October months) residual moisture S. No. Soil type Cropping system Fodder name Variety Management practices 1 Deep black soil Fodder Crop Sorghum Gundhari, GFS-3,  Surface drainage (to control GAFS-11, CSV-21F water logging condition)

(b) Normal rainfall (rainfall during September/October months) residual moisture S. No. Soil type Cropping system Crop name Variety Management practices 1 Deep black soil Fodder Crop Sorghum Gundhari, GFS-3,  Adopt recommended package of GAFS-11, CSV-21F agronomic practices

(c) Less than optimum moisture i.e., 25% less than normal, which can happen due to insufficient rainfall during September/October months. Deficit of 20-40% rainfall S. No. Soil type Cropping system Fodder name Variety Management practices 1 Deep black soil Fodder Crop Sorghum Gundhari, GFS-3,  Thinning and maintain the plant stand GAFS-11, CSV-21F  Don’t feed as green fodder.

(d) Severe limitation in moisture. Deficit of rainfall during September/October months by more than 40%. S. No. Soil type Cropping system Fodder name Variety Management practices 1 Deep black soil Fodder crop Sorghum Gundhari, GFS-3,  Thinning and maintain the plant stand GAFS-11, CSV-21F  Don’t feed as green fodder.

For fodder crops (mostly perennial fodder varieties as sole fodder crop) grown with groundwater Sr.No. Soil type Fodder name Variety  Management practices 1 Medium to shallow Sorghum Gundhari, GFS-3, GAFS-11, CSV-21F  Adopt recommended package of agronomic practices black soils Lucerne Anand-2  Adopt recommended package of agronomic practices

Grass Hybrid Napier- CO-3Jinjvo  Adopt recommended package of agronomic practices 2 Deep black soil Sorghum Gundhari, GFS-3, GAFS-11, CSV-21F  Adopt recommended package of agronomic practices

Lucerne Anand-2  Adopt recommended package of agronomic practices Grass Hybrid Napier- CO-3Jinjvo  Adopt recommended package of agronomic practices

Livestock management during severe heat waves Nutritional management Shelter management Health management Miscellaneous, if any  Feed 25 kg green fodder  Covered the shelter roof  Spray them with cool water,  Cattle that are heat stressed will show increased along withunconventional with dry grasses. especially on the legs and feet, or respiration rates as they try to cool themselves feed per animal.  Provide Fans & sufficient stand them in water down.  Give jaggerywater with ventilation.  Lay wet towels over them.  Don't allowed cattle to walk in extreme heat. fenugreek powder.  Use fogger/ sprinklers  Provide Vitamin C through syrup for  Use sprinklers and shade in holding yards.  High energy density and system heat stress management.  Air flow is also important. low protein diet are  Forestry blocks can  Vaccinate the animals against  Sprinklers have been found to improve milk beneficial. provide temporary shelter infectious diseases. production, reduce fly irritation and make for more  Increasing the grain/ from extreme heat. contented cows in the shed with better milk let forage ratio.  Providing good-quality down. drinking water and shade  Cover animal under insurance (natural or artificial).

Livestock management during severe cold waves Nutritional management Shelter management Health management Miscellaneous, if any  Feed silage and Hay  Operate heaters protect shed by  Add antibiotics in drinking water to  Operate heaters, protect shed by tying gunny (Wheat straw treated with tying gunny bags around shed. protect young calves from bags around shed. urea) along with Pneumonia.  Protect animals from direct cold waves. concentrate feed.  Cold environment increases the  Cover animal under insurance  An increased energy whole body glucose turnover and requirement for glucose oxidation thus resulting in maintenance as a result of less production of ketones. increased resting metabolic rate.