GEOLOGICA CARPATHICA, DECEMBER 2017, 68, 6, 517–529 doi: 10.1515/geoca-2017-0034

Microbiostratigraphy of the Berriasian–Valanginian boundary in eastern : foraminifers, ostracods, organic-walled dinoflagellate cysts

YULIYA N. SAVELIEVA1, OLGA V. SHUREKOVA1, ANNA A. FEODOROVA1, VLADIMIR V. ARKADIEV 2, VLADIMIR A. GRISHCHENKO3, ANDREI YU.GUZHIKOV 3 and ALEKSEY G. MANIKIN3

1 AO “Geologorazvedka”, Fayansovaya str. 20/10, 192019 Saint-Petersburg, ; [email protected]; [email protected]; [email protected]; 2 Saint-Petersburg State University, University emb., 7/9, 199034 Saint-Petersburg, Russia; [email protected] 3 Saratov State University, Astrakhanskaya str., 83, 410012 Saratov, Russia; [email protected]; [email protected]; [email protected]

(Manuscript received February 10, 2017; accepted in revised form September 28, 2017)

Abstract: Thorough study of foraminifers, ostracods and dinoflagellate remnants from the Zavodskaya Balka and Koklyuk sections helps to characterize the detailed biostratigraphic division of the Berriasian / Valanginian boundary sequence in the Feodosiya district of eastern Crimea. The foraminifer and dinocyst associations from the lower part of the sequence are clearly comparable with common Berriasian associations throughout all Mountain Crimea. On the other hand, foraminifer, ostracod and dinocyst associations from its upper part have been recorded only in eastern Crimea. The upper foraminifer level corresponds to the boreal ammonite zones from the Tauricum–Verrucosum (Upper Berriasian–Valanginian). Most of the ostracod species are endemic. The base of the uppermost dinocyst level correlates with the Lower Valanginian Paratollia zone from north-western Europe.

Keywords: Eastern Crimea, Berriasian, Valanginian, biostratigraphy, foraminifers, ostracods, organic-walled dino­ flagellate cysts.

Introduction et al. (1999); Arkadiev et al. (2012) and Reboulet et al. (2014). The upper part of the Occitanica zone locally can be assigned The Berriasian–Valanginian boundary in the Mediterranean to the Dalmasiceras tauricum subzone. The Boissieri zone is region is currently established at the base of the Thurmanni­ divided into local subzones of Neocosmoceras euthymi, ceras pertransiens ammonite zone (Reboulet et al. 2014). Risanites crassicostatum and Berriasella callisto according to Eastern Crimea is one of the areas where there are uninter­ the results of Arkadiev et al. (2015b, 2017). Data on the loca- rupted Berriasian–Valanginian sections that can be found on tions of the studied sections (Fig.1) and on the geological the surface. The authors of this paper prepared a bio- and mag- ­settings has been presented in Arkadiev et al. (2017, this netostratigraphic study of the sections “Zavodskaya Balka” ­volume: Location of the studied sections). and “Koklyuk Mountain” in Eastern Crimea (Fig.1) to make a more precise biostratigraphical scheme that can be corre­ lated with Tethyan or Boreal standards. Parts of the magneto- Methods stratigraphic and ammonite data from these sections were ­already published earlier (Arkadiev et al. 2016). The present 54 samples (0.5 kg on the average) have been investigated paper summarizes foraminifera, ostracoda, and dinocyst data in the course of micropalaeontological analysis. The samples from the studied sections. The investigation of nannofossils in for micropalaeontology were processed with the standard the framework of this project was not planned. extraction technique for foraminifera and ostracods. The palynological samples were processed with the use of standard HF/HCl acid preparation method. The foraminifers Geological setting were ­identified by A. Feodorova, ostracods by Y. Savelieva and ­palynomorphs by O. Shurekova. Ostracods were photo- The Berriasian–Valanginian boundary sediments in eastern graphed under electronic scanning microscope (Botanical Crimea are represented by monotonous grey clays with rare Institute and Palaeontological Institute of the Russian Academy intercalations of marls and limestones. In the studied sections of Science (BIN RAN and PIN RAN)), dinocysts — under of Eastern Crimea the standard ammonite zones of Jacobi, light microscope. Foraminifer and ostracod collections Occitanica and Boissieri have been demonstrated by Bogdanova as well as palynological slides are kept at the Petroleum

www.geologicacarpathica.com 518 SAVELIEVA, SHUREKOVA, FEODOROVA, ARKADIEV, GRISHCHENKO, GUZHIKOV and MANIKIN

Geology Department of the AO “Geologorazvedka”, Saint- detail during examination of the Zavodskaya Balka (Arkadiev Petersburg, Russia. et al. 2015b). The assemblage with Quadratina tunassica was revealed in the Koklyuk section (sample 3030-8 – sample 3030-12). Biostratigraphy Beside the index species — Quadratina tunassica, Textularia crimica, Belorussiella taurica — the assemblage is peculiar The term “Beds” is used for the subdivision of the sediments for domination of representatives of the Dentalina and on the basis of foraminifera, ostracods and dinocysts. It is Haplophragmoides genera and of the Epistominidae family. an auxiliary biostratigraphic unit (Zhamoida 2006) and is The assemblage comprises a number of Late Tithonian to used according to similar principles as “assemblage zones” Valanginian species and species characteristic only of the (Salvador 2013). These sediments contain the remains of Berriasian: Verneuilina angularis, Pseudosaracenaria trun­ organisms or are composed of them, but do not meet the cata, Q. (Tristix) tunassica, B. taurica. An assemblage with requirements of the biostratigraphic zone (justification of the Q. tunassica was encountered earlier in the lower part of the lower and upper boundaries and their traceability in other sec- Zavodskaya Balka section in association with Neocosmoceras tions). The name of the “beds” is taken from the most charac- euthymi (Arkadiev et al. 2015b) and in сentral Crimea jointly teristic taxon within the range provided — since it has either with ammonites from the Dalmasiceras tauricum subzone FAD (First Appearance Datum), LAD (Last Appearance (Savelieva et al. 2014). In the Koklyuk section, an assemblage Datum) or acme within the interval. with Q. tunassica was encountered in association with Boissieri zone ammonites. Foraminifers: The assemblage with Lenticulina macrodisca was distin- They are mostly in good or satisfactory states of preserva- guished in the Koklyuk section (sample 3030-14 – sample tion and were encountered in all samples. Beds with Textularia 3030-24) from the presence of numerous specimens of index crimica – Belorussiella taurica were revealed in the Koklyuk species. The assemblage is peculiar for domination of aggluti- section (sample 3030-8 – sample 3030-24) (Fig.2). Two nating benthos, a great number of primitive forms, relatively foraminifer assemblages may be distinguished by the changes meagre diversity and dwarfism in the representatives of the of taxonomic composition and quantitative characteristics­ Planularia and Lenticulina genera. within the occurrences of the beds: Quadratina tunassica and Earlier investigations have shown the beds with Textularia Lenticulina macrodisca. Those assemblages were described in crimica – Belorussiella taurica in Crimea to correlate with the uppermost part of the Grandis subzone of the Jacobi zone and with the Occitanica and Boissieri zones (Feodorova 2004; N 34 00' Peninsula of Crimea Arkadiev et al. 2015a). Ammonites from the Euthymi subzone were encountered in the Koklyuk section, at the level of occur- Azov Sea rence of the assemblage with Lenticulina macrodisca. Evpatoria An assemblage with Lenticulina andromede has been dis- covered in the Zavodskaya Balka section (sample 45 00' 45 00' 3058-1 – ­sample 3058-17). Agglutinating benthos dominates, the assemblage, which is peculiar for the presence of nume­ rous L. andromede. The greatest species diversity is recorded among Nodosariidae (Astacolus, Lenticulina, Pseudo­ Alupka nodosaria). There are large species of Epistominidae but poor A 0 25 50 km 34 00' preservation. Several specimens of Orthokarstenia aff. ­fenestralis have also been discovered. The first occurrences of Orthokarstenia genus representatives are recorded in the N Valanginian from the East European Platform and Crimea (Bystrova 1990; Kuznetsova & Gorbatchik 1985). The assem- NasypnoeKlyuсhevoe Nasypnoe blage with L. andromede was recognized earlier in сentral Crimea (Savelieva et al. 2014) within sediments comprising Otvazhnoe Feodosia Site 3058 beds with T. crimica – B. taurica, since it has similar species composition at the level of the representatives of the Astacolus, Site 3030 Dentalina, Lenticulina, Pseudonodosaria genera. In the Nanikovo Yuzhnoe Zavod­skaya Balka from eastern Crimea, however, the Black Sea L. andromede assemblage comprises solitary specimens of B 3.5 km other genera of the Nodosariidae and Epistominidae families Fig. 1. Location chart of the examined sections. A — Location of (Arkadiev et al. 2015b). Moreover, the presence of studied area; В — Location of Berriasian/Valanginian studied out- Orthokarstenia and the lack of index-species T. crimica, B. crops (3030 – Koklyuk section, 3058 – Zavodskaya Balka section) taurica prevent direct correlations of the assemblages with

GEOLOGICA CARPATHICA, 2017, 68, 6, 517–529 MICROBIOSTRATIGRAPHY OF THE BERRIASIAN–VALANGINIAN BOUNDARY IN EASTERN CRIMEA 519

Berriasian Valanginian Stage Upper Lower Substage Boissieri Zone 16 14 8 12 18 10 20

40 ? 52 24 22 58 37 34 49 46 28 43 31 55 64 61 70 67 Samples T.crimica, B.taurica L. trilobitomorpha, H. vocontianus Beds with foraminifers Quadr. Lenticulina L ..trilobit , Ling.,trilobitomorpha *.Ltri., tunass. macrodisca H.. vocont Lenticulina busnardoi L.ou. Foraminifera assemblage Rhizammina indivisa Ramulina spinata Falsopalmula costata Lenticulina ambanjabensis Lenticulina muensteri Quadratina (Tristix) tunassica Conorbina miser Marginulinita pyramidalis Pseudonodosaria humilis Lenticulina nuda Discorbis crimicus Planularia madagascariensis Citharina ex gr. flexuosa Lenticulina ex gr. macra Lenticulina cf. aquilonica Lenticulina ex gr. neocomina Hoglundina ex gr. caracolla Lenticulina ex gr. subalata Saracenaria compacta Pseudosaracenaria truncata Belorussiella taurica Spirillina kubleri Lenticulina macrodisca Ataxophragmiidae Dentalina communis Dentalina nana Glomospirella ex gr. gaultina Ammodiscus cretaceus Haplophragmoides ustjurticus Globospirillina neocomina Hormosinelloides? guttus Ramulina aculeata Lenticulina aff. akmetchetica Lenticulina cf. nodosa Lenticulina aff. andromede minima Lenticulina macra Spirillina aff. minima Vaginulinopsis neopachynota Astacolus gibber Astacolus hamililis Astacolus incurvatus Astacolus laudatus Dentalina marginuloides "Dentalina" solute Frondicularia complexa Frondicularia crimica Nodosaria paupercula Lenticulina praegaultina Astacolus proprius Vaginulinopsis spp. Astacolus calliopsis Astacolus ex gr. mutilatus Astacolus ambanjabensis Tolypammina sp. 1 Glomospira charoides Dorothia ex gr. oxycona var. elongate Dorothia praeoxycona Haplophragmoides vocontianus Lingulina trilobitomorpha Trochammina neocomiana Haplophragmium elongatum Dorothia kummi Lenticulina ex gr. nimbifera Persentage of species in samples: Gaudryina neocomica - 1-10 Lenticulina busnardoi - regular Lenticulina ex gr. guttata - 10-20 Lenticulina eichenbergi Orthokarstenia fenestralis -50 - episodic Lenticulina ouachensis < Astacolus planiusculus *.Ltri. - Lingulina trilobitomorpha Dorothia aff. zedlerae L.ou. - Lenticulina ouachensis Recurvoides ex gr. paucus

Fig. 2. Distribution of foraminifers from the Berriasian–Valanginian of the Koklyuk section (site 3030). Index species are in bold.

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Lenticulina andromede from central and eastern Crimea. and for the appearance of numerous specimens of Therefore, in this paper the assemblage is considered sepa- L. ouachensis and Dorothia aff. zedlerae, which is characte­ rately and not within the beds with T. crimica – B. taurica. ristic of the Tethyan beds in the interval of the Otopeta – ­ Ammonites from the Riasanites crassicostatum subzone have Verrucosum ammonite subzones (Reboulet et al. 2014). been encountered in the Zavodskaya Balka in the upper part of The foraminifer species encountered in the Berriasian– the assemblage with L. andromede. Valanginian boundary interval are known from Crimea, the Beds with Lingulina trilobitomorpha and Haplo­ Caucasus, Caspian Region, Pechora Region, Siberia, phragmoides vocontianus have been recorded in the Atlantic, Germany, France and Madagascar (Espitalie & Sigal Zavodskaya Balka (sample 3058-20 – sample 3058-51) and 1963; Kuznetsova & Seibold 1978; Mjatlyuk 1980; Koklyuk sections (sample 3030-28 – sample 3030-69). This Kuznetsova & Gorbatchik 1985; Azbel’ et al. 1991; Ogg et al. biostraton was earlier recognized as an assemblage with fora­ 2012, etc.). minifers in the Zavodskaya Balka (Arkadiev et al. 2015b). The new data from an additional section have made it possible Ostracods: to widen its description and to advance it to the rank of beds. They were encountered in practically all the samples from Over 130 species from 33 foraminifer genera have been speci­ the examined sections. Shells are generally well preserved. fied in the complex. The assemblage is peculiar for the highest Beds with Robsoniella obovata – Robsoniella longa have been species diversity among Nodosariidae (Astacolus, Dentalina, established in the Zavodskaya Balka (sample 3058-1 – sample Lenticulina, Pseudonodosaria). Representatives of Haplo­ 3058-51) and Koklyuk sections (sample 3030-16 – sample phragmoides, Haplophragmium and Recurvoides genera are 3030-69). The lower boundary of the beds is determined from subdominant. Increased numbers of the species and specimens the appearance of the index species. On the whole, over 80 of Dorothia, Gaudryina and Verneuilinoides genera are obser­ species from 29 genera have been found in the assemblage, ved in the assemblage. The principal association is composed many of them new (Fig. 3). Robsoniella and Bairdia dominate of the species first encountered in the uppermost part of the among the smooth forms, Eucytherura among the sculptured Berriasian and developed mostly in the Valanginian: ones. There are also many Sigillium, Loxoella and Lenticulina saxonica, L. guttata, L. busnardoi, Conorboides Cytheropteron. The most characteristic species are: hofkeri. Some species known since the Valanginian also occur: Robsoniella longa, R. obovata, R. minima, Sigillium pro­ H. vocontianus, H. ustjurticus, Gaudryina alternans, Dorothia cerum, Bairdia sp.1, B. ex gr. luminosa, Paracypris caerulea, pseudocostata, L. trilobitomorpha, L. nodosaria, Lenticulina P. sp. 1, Loxoella variealveolata, Eucytherura ardescae, lideri, O. fenestralis and others. Those comprise the index E. soror, E. paula, Hemicytherura moorei, Procytherura? ­species of the L. trilobitomorpha, H. vocontianus Zone, ­baculumbajula, Cytheropteron sp. 4, Acrocythere alexandrae. ­specified by T. N. Gorbatchik for the Valanginian sediments of The majority of species have been previously known mostly the Crimea. Finds of Valanginian ammonites Neocomites from the Lower Cretaceous (Berriasian–Aptian) from Mountain ­neocomiensis are known from that level (Druschits & Crimea, the Caucasus, Central Asia, , France and Gorbatchik 1979; Kuznetsova & Gorbatchik 1985; Azbel’ et Germany (Neale 1967; Babinot et al. 1985; Kolpenskaya al. 1991). Analysis of the taxonomic and quantitative compo- 2000; Slipper 2009; Savelieva & Shurekova 2014, etc.). sitions of benthic foraminifers have shown that within the In both sections, the studied assemblage is similar to the ostra- beds with Lingulina trilobitomorpha – Haplophragmoides cod complex from the R. obovata – R. longa beds. The com- vocontianus in the Koklyuk section (sample 3030-28 – sample plex was recognized earlier in the Zavodskaya Balka, with the 3030-69), three assemblages may be specified, with one of volume of beds corresponding to the Boissieri zone (Arkadiev those ­traceable in the Zavodskaya Balka section as well. et al. 2012, 2015b). The assemblage, enlarged via the new finds, The first assemblage, with Lingulina trilobitomorpha – turned to be more diverse and to comprise a greater number of Haplophragmoides vocontianus (sample 3030-28 – sample specimens, especially from the uppermost of the Koklyuk 3030-40), is peculiar for its wide species diversity of ­section. That has allowed us to extend the characteristics of Ataxophragmiidae and simple Lituоlidae. The second assem- the beds. It was in the uppermost part of the Koklyuk section, blage, with Lingulina trilobitomorpha – Lenticulina busnardoi that the Hemicytherura moorei species was first discovered in (sample 3030-43 – sample 3030-64 and sample 3058-20 – Crimea. The species has previously been described from the ­sample 3058-51), with relatively depleted taxonomic compo- Berriasian stratotype (Neale 1967) and later on determined in sition, is peculiar for the presence of several agglutinating the Lower Valanginian from central Poland (Kubiatowicz genera, Dorothia and Gaudryina, and a few secreting species, 1983) and in the Berriasian–Valanginian from France (upper- mostly Lenticulina, represented by solitary specimens. most of the Grandis – Otopeta Standard Tethyan ammonite Ammonites of the B. callisto subzone were encountered in the subzones) (Babinot et al. 1985). Zavodskaya Balka at the level of that assemblage occurrence. This assemblage is similar to those from the Klentnice In the uppermost part of the study interval, the third assem- Tithonian(?) formation in the Czech Republic (Pokorny 1973) blage with Lingulina trilobitomorpha – Lenticulina ouachensis — 13 common genera and 5 species, from the Berriasian stra- (sample 3030-67 – sample 3030-69) is determined. It is totype in France (Ardèche) — 10 common genera and 2 spe- ­peculiar for expanded species and quantitative compositions, cies, in total, 20 genera and 4 species from the Berriasian in

GEOLOGICA CARPATHICA, 2017, 68, 6, 517–529 MICROBIOSTRATIGRAPHY OF THE BERRIASIAN–VALANGINIAN BOUNDARY IN EASTERN CRIMEA 521

1 2 3 4 100 μm 100 μm 100 μm 100 μm

5 6 7 8 100 μm 100 μm 100 μm 100 μm

11 12 9 100 μm 10 30 μm 100 μm 100 μm

13 14 15 16 100 μm 100 μm 100 μm 30 μm

17 18 19 20 30 μm 30 μm 50 μm 50 μm

21 22 23 24 30 μm 50 μm 50 μm 30 μm

25 26 27 28 50 μm 30 μm 30 μm 50 μm

Fig. 3. Ostracods from the Zavodskaya Balka (site 3058) and Koklyuk (site 3030) sections. Berriasian: Fauriella boissieri zone: Koklyuk — 2, 3, 4, 7, 9, 11, 16, 17, 26; Zavodskaya Balka — 1, 22. Neocosmoceras euthymi subzone: Koklyuk — 6, 8, 18, 21, 23, 25. Riasanites crassicostatum subzone, Zavodskaya Balka — 20, 27. Lower Valanginian: Koklyuk — 5, 10, 12, 13, 15; Zavodskaya Balka — 14, 19, 24, 28. 1 — Cytherella krimensis, No. 3058-4, right valve, lateral view; 2 — C. turgida, No. 3030-18, left valve, lateral view; 3 — Robsoniella longa, No. 3030-28, carapace, right lateral view; 4 — R. obovata, No. 3030-31, carapace, right lateral view; 5 — R. minima, No. 3030-70, carapace, right lateral view; 6 — Sigillium procerum, No. 3030-24, carapace, right lateral view; 7 — Bairdia sp.1, No. 3030-14, carapace, right lateral view; 8 — B. sp.8, No. 3030-24, carapace, right lateral view; 9 — B. ex gr. luminosa, No. 3030-31, carapace, right lateral view; 10 — Paracypris sp.1, No. 3030-43, carapace, right lateral view; 11 — P. caerulea, No. 3030-20, carapace, left lateral view; 12 — Macrocypris? sp., No. 3030-61, carapace, left ­lateral view; 13 — Cypridea sp.2, No. 3030-46, carapace, right lateral view; 14 — C. spinigera, No. 3058-51, carapace, right lateral view; 15 — Bythoceratina sp., No. 3030-46, left valve, lateral view; 16 — Eucytherura soror, No. 3030-12, right valve, lateral view; 17 — E. paula, No. 3030-12, left valve, lateral view; 18 — E. ardescae, No. 3030-22, left valve, lateral view; 19 — Hemicytherura moorei, No. 3058-51, right valve, lateral view; 20 — Protocytherura sp., No. 3058-36, left valve, lateral view; 21 — Cytheropteron sp.4, 3030-22, right valve, lateral view; 22 — Metacytheropteron sp., No. 3058-4, left valve, lateral view; 23 — Procytherura? baculumbajula, No. 3058-14, right valve, lateral view; 24 — Loxoella variealveolata, No. 3030 - 24, right valve, lateral view; 25 — Neocythere pyrena, No. 3058-48, right valve, lateral view; 26 —Vocontiana? sp., No. 3030-2, right valve, lateral view; 27 — Acrocythere alexandrae, No. 3030-20, left valve, lateral view; 28 — Gen. sp. 9, No. 3058-51, left valve, lateral view.

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France; from the basal Valanginian in the Berriasian stratotype ammonites, designating the homonymous subzone that corre- region (France, Ardèche) — 10 genera and 5 species (Babinot lates with the Paramimounum subzone of the Mediterranean et al. 1985), from the Berriasian of the North Caucasus region (Reboulet et al. 2014). This level corresponds to the (Kolpenskaya 2000) — 10 common genera and 3 species. A. expirata species disappearance from the Boreal regions, as On the whole, the ostracod assemblage from the Zavodskaya well (the boundary of the Runctoni and Kochi ammonite Balka and Koklyuk sections is of Upper Berriasian–Valan­ zones) (Costa & Davey 1992). Disappearance of A. metaellip­ ginian composition. tica, as well as reduced number and permanent presence of M. longicorna are known from the Late Berriasian in the Palynomorphs: Boreal region (the lowermost of the Icenii ammonite zone) Practically all the examined samples comprise spores, ­pollen (Ogg et al. 2008). In the Tethys, this level corresponds to the and microphytoplankton (dinoflagellate cysts, rare acritarchs Picteti subzone (Ogg et al. 2008). On the whole, in terms of its and green algae). Classopollis spp. pollen is dominant among composition, the assemblage of the beds is similar to the com- palynomorphs: from 70 % in the lower parts of both sections, plex of the C and D subzones from the dinocyst Gochteodinia down to 30 % in the uppermost parts. The ave­rage number of villosa zone, specified in the Upper Berriasian from the Volga dinoflagellate cysts makes 45 % (from 13 to 74 %). basin (Kashpir section) (beds without ammonite characteris- tics from the lowermost part of the Upper Berriasian in the Organic-walled dinoflagellate cysts: R. rjasanensis/S. spasskensis zone and the lowermost part of 50 species of organic-walled dinocysts have been found in the S. tzikwinianus zone) (Harding et al. 2011). samples from the Zavodskaya Balka section, over 90 species The earlier specified beds have been determined while from the Koklyuk section (Figs. 4, 5, 6). Three beds with dino- ­studying the Berriasian throughout Mountainous Crimea cysts have been recognized on the basis of the microphyto- (Arkadiev et al. 2012; 2015b; Savelieva et al. 2014). In sum- plankton occurrence analysis. The following are the permanent mary, the beds correspond to the Tauricum subzone of the members of the assemblages from all three beds: Phoberocysta Occitanica zone (central and south-western Crimea) and to the neocomica, Hystrichodinium pulchrum, Circulodinium dis­ Boissieri zone (eastern, central and south-western Crimea) tinctum, Ctenidodinium elegantulum, Downiesphaeridium (Shurekova 2016). iaculigerum, Scriniodinium campanula, Kleithriasphaeridium Beds with Pseudoceratium pelliferum were established in eoinodes, Prolixosphaeridium spp., Wrevittia helicoidea, the Koklyuk section (sample 3030-34 – sample 3030-40). Dapsilidinium warrenii. The lower boundary is drawn from the appearance of Beds with Phoberocysta neocomica have been established Ps. pelliferum, Dingodinium spp. and Cymososphaeridium in the Koklyuk (sample 3030-4 – sample 3030-31) and vallidum. The upper boundary corresponds to the bottom of Zavodskaya Balka sections (sample 3058-4 – sample 3058-11). the overlying beds with Oligosphaeridium spp. Besides The lower boundary of the beds is recorded from the Ps. pelliferum, Dingodinium spp. (D. cerviculum, D.? spino­ ­appea­rance of a characteristic assemblage with Phoberocysta sum, D. sp.) and C. vallidum, the following species appear ­neocomica. The upper boundary in the Koklyuk section corre- here: Occisucysta tentoria, Cassiculosphaeridia magna, sponds to the bottom of the overlying beds with Pseudoceratium Cassiculosphaeridia reticulata, Muderongia tetracantha, pelliferum, and in the Zavodskaya Balka section the boundary M. mcwhaei forma B, Bourkidinium granulatum, Pluriarvalium is marked from the last occurrence of Egmontodinium tory­ osmingtonense and Wallodinium krutzschii. Disappearing: num and Tehamadinium aff. daveyi. The beds complex is A. expirata, E. torynum, M. simplex, D. culmula, H.? orbifera, peculiar for domination of Cometodinium habibii and V. ovulum, T. aff. daveyi. Dominant: S. areolata and Spiniferites Systematophora areolata. Beside these taxa, the following spp. (Sp. sp. and Sp. ex gr. ramosus). The number of represen­ ones have been determined: Amphorula spp. (A. expirata, tatives of the C. habibii species becomes insubstantial. A. dodekovae, A. metaelliptica), Achomosphaera neptunii, In the Zavodskaya Balka section (sample 3058-14 – sample Chytroeisphaeridia chytroeides, Egmontodinium torynum, 3058-36), a dinocyst assemblage of similar composition, with Tubotuberella spp., Muderongia spp. (M. simplex, M. longi­ Systematophora areolata and Tubotuberella spp., has been corna, M. tomaszowensis, M. endovata, Muderongia simplex determined; but it differs in the lack of a number of strati- subsp. microperforata), Systematophora spp. (S. palmula, graphically important taxa, including the index species­ S.? daveyi, S. palmula/daveyi), Wallodinium cylindricum. Ps. pelliferum. Nevertheless, it is common in both assem- Among the solitary or rare ones: Dichadogonyaulax culmula, blages that the last occurrence of Tubotuberella spp. and Hystrichodinium voigtii, Hystrichosphaerina? orbifera, S. areolata take place in the uppermost of the beds. We believe Valensiella ovulum, Atopodinium haromense, Chlamydo­ that irrespective of the differences, the assemblage with phorella sp., Dissiliodinium sp., Tanyosphaeridium spp., S. areolata and Tubotuberella spp., determined in the Teha­madinium aff. daveyi. Species of Spiniferites ex gr. Zavodskaya Balka section, and the assemblage of the beds ­ramosus appear and become a permanent species in the termi- with Ps. pelliferum from the Koklyuk section are coeval. nal part of the beds in the Koklyuk section. The assemblage Ps. pelliferum is compositionally similar The last occurrence of A. expirata in the Koklyuk section to the Ps. pelliferum complex from the Upper Berriasian in coincides with finds of the Neocosmoceras euthymi the Volga Basin (Kashpir section) (Harding et al. 2011).

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BERRIASIAN VALANGINIAN Stage upper lower Substage boissieri ? Ammonite zone 1b 1a 6 16 8 14 12 2 18 10 4 20 40 52 24 22 58 37 34 49 46 28 43 31 55 64 61 70 67 Number of samples Ps. pel- Oligosphaeridium Phoberocysta neocomica liferum spp. Beds with dinocysts Cometodinium habibii Hystrichodinium pulchrum Muderongia simplex Systematophora areolata Prolixosphaeridium spp. Spiniferites sp. Circulodinium distinctum Phoberocysta neocomica Ctenidodinium elegantulum Dapsilidinium warrenii Scriniodinium campanula Kleithriasphaeridium eoinodes Achomosphaera neptunii Tubotuberella spp. Egmontodinium torynum Amphorula expirata Atopodinium haromense Systematophora? daveyi Amphorula dodekovae Downiesphaeridium spp. Atopodinium prostatum Pilosidinium sp. / Impletosphaeridium sp. Apteodinium sp. Wallodinium cylindricum Kleithriasphaeridium corrugatum Muderongia longicorna Tehamadinium aff. daveyi Muderongia tomaszowensis Muderongia endovata Amphorula metaelliptica Systematophora palmula /daveyi Muderongia simplex subsp. microperforata Wallodinium krutzschii Spiniferites ex gr. ramosus Wallodinium lunum Surculosphaeridium sp. Athigmatocysta glabra Occisucysta tentoria Kleithriasphaeridium porosispinum Dingodinium sp. Pseudoceratium pelliferum Cymososphaeridium vallidum Cassiculosphaeridia reticulata Dingodinium? spinosum Cassiculosphaeridia magna Muderongia tetracantha Muderongia mcwhaei forma B Dingodinium cerviculum Bourkidinium granulatum Heslertonia sp. Systematophora palmula Pluriarvalium osmingtonense Oligosphaeridium complex Callaiosphaeridium tricheryum Subtilisphaera sp. Gardodinium trabeculosum Systematophora sp. II Davey 1982 Batioladinium ?gochtii Oligosphaeridium diluculum Gonyaulacysta cladophora sensu Duxb.1977 Aprobolocysta pustulosa Avellodinium falsificum Nelchinopsis kostromiensis Cymososphaeridium sp. I Davey 1982 Percentage of taxon Gochteodinia virgula Dichadogonyaulax?pannea in sample: Oligosphaeridium totum - 0,5 -5% Muderongia crucis Batioladinium radiculatum -5-15% Oligosphaeridium albertense

Fig. 4. Distribution of dinoflagellate cysts from the Koklyuk section.

GEOLOGICA CARPATHICA, 2017, 68, 6, 517–529 524 SAVELIEVA, SHUREKOVA, FEODOROVA, ARKADIEV, GRISHCHENKO, GUZHIKOV and MANIKIN

4 1 2 3

5 6 7 8

9 10 11 12

13 14 15 16

21 22 50 µ 17 18 19 20

Fig. 5. Dinoflagellate cysts from the Zavodskaya Balka section (site 3058). Berriasian: Fauriella boissieri zone: Neocosmoceras euthymi subzone — 1–6, 8, 13, 16, 18, 20; Riasanites crassicostatum subzone — 7, 10, 11, 14, 15, 17, 22; Berriasella callisto subzone — 12, 21. Lower Valanginian — 9, 19. 1, 2 — Muderongia simplex; 3, 4 — Muderongia longicorna; 5 — Cometodinium habibii; 6 — Egmontodinium torynum; 7, 8 — Phoberocysta neocomica; 9, 12 — Systematophora palmula; 10 — Prolixosphaeridium parvispinum; 11 — Kleithriasphaeridium ­eoinodes; 13, 17 — Hystrichodinium pulchrum; 14 — Achomosphaera neptunii; 15 — Amphorula metaelliptica; 16 — Phoberocysta lowryi; 18 — Gochteodinia villosa subsp. multifurcata; 19 — Dapsilidinium warrenii; 20 — Ctenidodinium elegantulum; 21, 22 — Spiniferites ex gr. ramosus. Samples: 1 — No. 3058-8; 2–6, 8, 13, 18, 20 — No. 3058-4; 7 — No. 3058-20; 9 — No. 3058-45; 10 — No. 3058-32; 11 — No. 3058-23; 12, 21 — No. 3058-39; 14 — No. 3058-14; 15, 17, 22 — No. 3058-36; 16 — No. 3058-11; 19 — No. 3058-51.

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1 2

3 4

5 6 7 8

9 10 11 12

13 14 15 16 17

23 18 19 20 21 22 50 µ

Fig 6. Dinoflagellate cysts from the Koklyuk section (site 3030). Berriasian: Fauriella boissieri zone — 4, 8, 12, 18, 20, 28, 34. Lower Valanginian — 43, 49, 52, 61, 64. 1 — Cymososphaeridium vallidum; 2 — Gonyaulacysta cladophora; 3 — Muderongia tetracantha; 4 — Batioladinium radiculatum; 5 — Occisucysta tentoria; 6 — Pseudoceratium pelliferum; 7 — Cassiculosphaeridia reticulata; 8 — Amphorula metaelliptica; 9 — Oligosphaeridium diluculum; 10 — Systematophora? daveyi; 11 — Oligosphaeridium porosum; 12 — Dingodinium cerviculum; 13 — Muderongia endovata; 14 — Phoberocysta neocomica; 15, 22 — Tubotuberella apatela; 16 — Kleithriasphaeridium corrugatum; 17 — Batioladinium? gochtii; 18 — Gardodinium trabeculosum; 19 — Athigmatocysta glabra; 20 — Tehamadinium daveyi; 21 — Spiniferites ex gr. ramosus; 22 — Tubotuberella apatela; 23 — Nelchinopsis kostromiensis. Samples: 1, 9, 11, 19, 23 — No. 3030-43; 2, 4, 5, 17 — No. 3030-61; 3, 7 — No. 34; 6, 12 — No. 3030-49; 8, 10 — No. 3030-20; 13, 16 — 52; 14 — No. 3030-8; 15 — No. 3030-4; 18 — No. 3030-64; 20 — No. 3030-12; 21 — No. 3030-28; 22 – No. 3030-18.

GEOLOGICA CARPATHICA, 2017, 68, 6, 517–529 526 SAVELIEVA, SHUREKOVA, FEODOROVA, ARKADIEV, GRISHCHENKO, GUZHIKOV and MANIKIN

The appearance of Ps. pelliferum is a stratigraphically impor- krutzschii, Ps. pelliferum, D. cerviculum, C. vallidum, tant event (Ogg et al. 2008). In the Boreal region, the species Occ. tentoria, Bourkidinium granulatum, Apteodinium sp. appears at the same level: in the Volga basin (Kashpir section) Disappear Tubotuberella spp., D.? spinosum. Appearance of — in the middle part of the Tzikwinianus zone (Harding et al. the Ol. complex, G. cladophora, B.? gochtii in north-western 2011), and in north-western Europe (Costa & Davey 1992) Europe is known from the Lower Valanginian Paratollia zone; — in the Stenomphalus zone, which in the Tethys corresponds аnd appearance of N. kostromiensis — from the Polyptychites to the basement of the Otopeta subzone (Ogg et al. 2008). zone (Costa & Davey 1992; Ogg et al. 2008). In the Volga The M. mcwhaei forma B and C. vallidum species, appearing basin (Gorodishche and the Kashpir sections) the Ol. complex, in the Boreal region in the Albidum and Paratollia zones, B.? gochtii and N. kostromiensis appear in the Lower respectively (Costa & Davey 1992; Ogg et al. 2008), are Valanginian where ammonites have not been found (Harding first encountered in the studied deposits synchronously with et al. 2011). Ps. pelliferum. Comparison of the taxonomic compositions of the dinocyst Beds with Oligosphaeridium spp. have been established in assemblages reveals much greater similarity with the Boreal the uppermost part of the Koklyuk section (sample 3030-43 – coeval complexes than with the Tethyan ones. This may be sample 3030-67). The lower boundary is drawn according to accounted for by considerable influence of the Boreal sea the appearance of Oligosphaeridium spp., Gonyaulacysta over that area during the Berriasian–Valanginian time cladophora sensu Duxbury 1977, Batioladinium? gochtii. (Baraboshkin 1999). The upper boundary has not been determined. The following taxa dominate here: Sp. ex gr. ramosus and Pilosidinium/ Impletosphaeridium sp. Appear: Oligosphaeridium spp. Conclusions (Ol. sp., Ol. complex, Ol. diluculum), Callaiosphaeridium tricheryum, G. cladophora sensu Duxbury 1977, Aprobolocysta The micropalaeontological research on the continuous pustulosa, Avellodinium falsificum, Subtilisphaera sp., Berriasian–Valanginian boundary sediments within the Cymososphaeridium sp. I Davey 1982, Systematophora sp. II Zavodskaya Balka and Koklyuk sections have made it ­possible Davey 1982, Gochteodinia virgulа, B.? gochtii, Gardodinium to establish beds with characteristic foraminifer, ostracod and trabeculosum, Nelchinopsis kostromiensis. Species inherited dinocyst assemblages (Fig. 7, 8). Analysis of foraminifers from the previous assemblage occur permanently: Wallodinium from the Zavodskaya Balka and Koklyuk sections indicate

Composite section Foraminifers Dinocysts Zavodskaya Balka Koklyuk Beds with Zavodskaya Balka Koklyuk section 3058 section 3030 Ostracods section 3058 section 3030

chron

Zone

Subzone

Polarity

Stage Polarity Beds Assemblage Beds Assemblage Assemblage Beds Beds L .,trilobitomorpha , Lenticulina ouachensis ? not Oligosphae- L. trilobito- established ridium spp. Lingulina morpha,

alanginian trilobito- Lingulina L. busnardoi V M14r morpha, trilobito- Lenticulina morpha, vocontianus busnardoi Haplophrag- Systemato- Pseudoce-

B.callisto Haplophragmoides moides L. trilobito- phora ratium vocontianus morpha, pelliferum Lingulina trilobitomorpha areolata, M15n H. vocontianus Tubotube- Robsoniella rella spp.

costatum R. crassi- not obovata, M15r establi- Lenticulina andromede Robsoniella shed longa

Phoberocysta

Fauriella boissieri M16n Textularia neocomica crimica, Lenticulina Berriasian Belorussiella macrodisca taurica

Neocosmoceras euthymi

M16r Q.tunassica

Fig. 7. BiostratigraphicFig.8 correlation of the Berriasian–Valanginian boundary in the Zavodskaya Balka and Koklyuk sections.

GEOLOGICA CARPATHICA, 2017, 68, 6, 517–529 MICROBIOSTRATIGRAPHY OF THE BERRIASIAN–VALANGINIAN BOUNDARY IN EASTERN CRIMEA 527

dinocysts (43-64) (34-40) rum

semblage with semblage (4-31) Phoberocysta neocomica Phoberocysta pp. s ridium ellife- p m tiu

Pseudocera- ligosphae- O Beds and as- and Beds

Ostracods

69) Robsoniella longa (16- longa Robsoniella - Robsoniella obovata Robsoniella

Beds with Beds

(43-64)

(28-40)

busnardoi

14-24) . (обр disca

H. vocontianus H. Assemblages

, morpha L. morpha

Lenticulina macro- Lenticulina L. trilobitomorpha L. L.trilobito-

Q.tun.

L.t,L.u.

) 69 (28- (28- phragmoides vocontianus phragmoides обр.8-24) ( ssiella taurica ssiella

Beds

Haplo - , Lingulina trilobitomorpha trilobitomorpha Lingulina

extularia crimica, Beloru- crimica, extularia T

(67-69) Foraminifers

Lamellaptychus sp. Lamellaptychus Fauriella sp. Fauriella

ella cf. rarefurcata cf. ella bosi, Berriasella sp., Fauri sp., Berriasella bosi, Malbosiceras cf. mal cf. Malbosiceras

Berriasella subcallisto Berriasella

us Pseudobelus cf. bipartit cf. Pseudobelus

planites lorioli planites Spiticeras orientale, Pseudosub orientale, Spiticeras

Aptychi,

Belemnites

Ammonites, euthymi Neocosmoceras

(67–69); 10 –12 — number of sample. Samples 52

61 58 8 2 60 55 6 20 64 40 37 34 46 4 43 24 10 49 22 1 18 31 12 16 14 28 Lithology

Koklyuk section 3030

N. euthymi N. Subzone Lenticulina ouachensis ?

Q.tun.- Quadratina tunassica (10-12)

L.t., L.u. - Lingulina trilobitomorpha, nica?

Fauriella boissieri Fauriella

Zone - Occita

, Lenticulina ouachensis

Jacobi

Upper Lower Substage

Berriasian alanginian V Stage m

-5 5 0 10

dinocysts

(14-36) ubotuberella spp ubotuberella T

) 11 (4- ca

semblage with semblage

Systematophora areolata Systematophora . Ph neocomi- Ph

as- and Beds

Ostracods -9 Lingulina trilobitomorpha

-4

Robsoniella longa (1-51) longa Robsoniella - Robsoniella obovata Robsoniella

Beds with Beds

Lenticulina busnardoi (20-51) busnardoi Lenticulina blages andromede (1-17) andromede

Lingulina trilobitomorpha Lingulina Assem- Lenticulina

-3 -8

(20-51) Haplophragmoides vocontianus Haplophragmoides

Beds Lingulina trilobitomorpha Lingulina

Foraminifers

Ammonites

Berriasella callisto Berriasella Riasanites crassicostatum Riasanites

-7 -2

Samples 45 40 25 20 50 35 30 5 15 10 1

Polarity Lithology

-1 -6

callisto

crassicostatum R. Subzone

B.

Fauriella boissieri Fauriella Zone

Zavodskaya Balka section 3058

Upper Lower Substage

nian

Berriasian

Stage alangi- V Legend: m

5 0 10

chron Polarity ?

M15r M14r M16r

M15n M16n

Polarity

B.callisto R. crassiocostatum R. Neocosmoceras euthymi Neocosmoceras Subzone

Fauriella boissieri Fauriella Zone

nian

Berriasian

Stage - alangi Composite section V Fig. 8. Correlation of Zavodskaya Balka and Koklyuk sections on the bio- and magnetostratigraphic data. Legend: 1, 2 — normal and reverse geomagnetic polarity, respectively (in half of the column thickness – tentative determination of the polarity sign); 3 — no Q.tun. - Quadratina tunassica (10–12); L.t., L.u. 8, 9 — belemnite and aptychi finds, respectively. palaeomagnetic data available; 4 — clays; 5 — marl; 6 — ankerite and siderite intercalations; 7 — ammonite finds;

GEOLOGICA CARPATHICA, 2017, 68, 6, 517–529 528 SAVELIEVA, SHUREKOVA, FEODOROVA, ARKADIEV, GRISHCHENKO, GUZHIKOV and MANIKIN the presence of the upper part of the beds with Textularia IGCP 632 and ICS Berriasian workshop. April 19–23, 2016, ­crimica – Belorussiella taurica and beds with Lingulina trilo­ ­Smolenice, Slovakia. Field Trip Guide and Abstracts Book. bitomorpha, Haplophragmoides vocontianus, correlating with Earth Science Institute, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, 79–82. Boreal ammonite zones from the Tauricum – Verrucosum Arkadiev V.V., Grishchenko V.A., Guzhikov A.Yu., Manikin A.G., (Upper Berriasian – Valanginian). The new data on ostracods Savelieva Y.N., Feodorova A.A. & Shurekova O.V. 2017: allow us to expand the volume and characteristics of the ­earlier ­Ammonites and magnetostratigraphy of the Berriasian–­ recognized beds with Robsoniella obovata – Robsoniella Valanginian boundary deposits from eastern Crimea. Geol. longa. Although most ostracod species are endemic here, ­Carpath. 68, 505–516. Azbel’ A.Ya. & Grigyalis A.A. (Eds.) 1991: Foraminifers of ­Mesozoic. there is some similarity with Upper Berriasian – Valanginian V. 5. In : Sokolov B.S. (Ed.): Practical handbook on mikrofauna European assemblages. Beds with Phoberocysta neocomica of the USSR. Nedra, Leningrad, 1–375 (in Russian with English and assemblage with Systematophora areolata, Tubotuberella abstract). spp. have been established from dinoflagellate cysts in the Babinot J.-F., Damotte R., Donze P., Grosdidier E., Oertli H.J. & Zavodskaya Balka; in Koklyuk, beds with Phoberocysta neo­ Scarenzi-Carboni G. 1985: Cretaceous inferieur. In: Oertli H.J. comica, beds with Pseudoceratium pelliferum and beds with (Ed.): Atlas des Ostracodes de France. Bull. Centre rech. ­explor-prod. Elf.-Aquit. mem. 9, 163–209. Oligosphaeridium spp. have been determined. 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(Ed.): Regional Geology and Metallogeny 9.VSEGEI, Saint-­ the lack of Valanginian ammonite finds, the data on foraminifer, Petersburg, 27–32 (in Russian with English abstract). ostracod and dinoflagellate cyst stratigraphic occurrences, Bystrova V.V. 1990: Particularity of distribution of foraminiferal combined with macrofaunal and palaeomagnetic data, makes ­assemblages from the Neocomian deposits of Pechora and it possible to substantiate the occurrence of the Lower ­Sysola rivers. In: Kirichkova A.I. & Chirva S.A. (Eds.): Bio- and Valanginian in eastern Crimea. lithostratigraphy of Mesozoic oil and gas regions of the USSR. Proceedings of the VNIGRI, 156–163 (in Russian). Costa L.I. & Davey R.J. 1992: Dinoflagellate cysts of the Cretaceous Acknowledgements: The authors are grateful to: Dr. Ottilia System. In: Powell A.J. (Ed): A Stratigraphic Index of Dinofla- Szives (HNH Museum), and an anonymous reviewer, Dr. Jozef gellate Cysts. Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dortrecht, 99–154. 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