FSL Cluster Meeting, Juba, 27th May, 2020:

1 COVID 19 compliant FSL distributions by SAADO:

2 Agenda

1. COVID 19 update for South Sudan and Africa – Paulina FSLC

2. The new SEADS standards project (the agriculture version of LEGS) – Isaac FSLC/ WV

3. Awareness on Prevention of Sexual Exploitation and Abuse (PSEA) – Noreen WFP (GPU)

4. Climate forecast in South Sudan and humanitarian implications – Mark FAO

FSLC update: • Update on prioritized locations from the NAWG – Alistair (FSLC) • Update on the Desert Locust situation – Benson/ Viola (FSLC/ ATWG)

3 Inter-Cluster Coordination Group NAWG Update

26 May 2020 Vulnerability Analysis of – Counties facing similar shocks and outcomes as

• AYOD • AKOBO • DUK • NYIROL • TWIC EAST • UROR ANALYSIS: CURRENT HUMANITARIAN AND FOOD SECURITY SITUATION IN JONGLEI • Flooding destroyed crops and agricultural tools. Food stocks are generally much smaller than would be expected from a ‘normal’ year, and some farmers have not been able to harvest at all.

• Large losses of cattle due to raiding and disease.

• Widespread insecurity and ICV has triggered internal displacement, disrupted livelihood activities, and limited humanitarian access and continued operations. Planned HFA distribution likely to be slowed down by insecurity.

• Access to markets has been reduced due to decreasing supply, poor transportation infrastructure and insecurity which deters traders from bringing goods to various parts of Jonglei. High food prices and limited supply have been exacerbated by COVID-related restrictions.

• The presence of COVID-19 in the region has the potential to develop into a severe future shock, further restricting access to food. South Sudan is a net cereal importer and relies heavily on imports from Sudan and Uganda, however, border closures have limited the flows of cereals and other processed commodities such as sugar and maize flour. As such, seasonal price increases are likely to occur at a much steeper rate than in previous years.

• People reportedly engage in extreme coping mechanisms - skipping days, selling their last livestock and productive assets. Risk of reaching point of exhaustion of coping mechanisms.

• Humanitarian Food Assistance main source of food, is mitigating livelihood collapse and extreme deterioration of food insecurity. Delays and gaps in food assistance distributions are likely to severely impact the population across the six counties, as they wouldn’t have coping mechanisms available COMMON FACTORS DRIVING FOOD INSECURITY

AYOD I II III IV V AKOBO POOR LIVESTOCK DISRUPTED CONFLICT / RESTRICTED DUK HARVEST / DISEASE AND LIVELIHOODS DISPLACEMENT ACCESS TO CROP LOSSES DEATH / MARKETS / RESTRICTED HIGH FOOD NYIROL ACCESS PRICES TWIC EAST

UROR S H O C K S

NOTE: Reports obtained via key informant interviews and focus group discussions between January – May 2020 HIGH VULNERABILITY OF JONGLEI STATE

• Early and heavy rains (ICPAC) – An early rainy season is expected to affect parts of South Sudan, which may disrupt planting cycles, access to HFA and services, shorten the period for pre-positioning humanitarian goods, and cause flooding in June/July for some areas. Early forecasts suggest upcoming higher than average rainfall.

• RVF (FAO/IGAD) – High projected risk of Rift Valley Fever in May 2020 due to early onset rains and cattle movement, particularly in previously flood-affected areas in SSD, including Jonglei and Eastern Equatoria → potential lead to loss of livestock in heavily relied on

• COVID-19 – Movement limitations may decrease humanitarian access and prevent heavily relied on HFA; co- morbidities between COVID-19 and rainy season health concerns are yet to be fully understood, likely to lead to worse outcomes in flooding-affected areas

• Locusts – Continued regional concerns of locusts, especially desert locust swarm, affecting 2020 cultivation, which would limit access to food

• Markets – Northern Jonglei often has a very high MSSMEB (Fangak, Uror) compared to the national median; in the last month, it was the only area, which consistently did not have staple grains available

Eastern half of the country flagging up fairly high in general for potential flooding, the locust migration path, RVF, and as with the rest of the country, COVID-19 and associated risks. 8 Recommended for Multi-Sectoral Response Scale Up: HISTORICAL GAM and Mortality Data

Ayod County, Jonglei State GAM by SAM by Crude Under-5 Date DC WHZ WHZ Death Rate Death Rate

March 2013 19.4% 5.4% 0.45 0.89 Context Overview: May 2015 22.9% 5.8% NA NA • Flooding in October 2019; 5% in IPC 5 in Jan 2020 September 16.2% 3.6% 2.03 2.13 • GAM of 30.9% in April 2020 2017

• Inter-communal violence April 2020 30.9% 4.3% 0.91 0.70 • Very limited access to services and resources • Far distance to distribution sites • Lack of access to healthcare facilities • Unclean sources of water • Limited access to agricultural tools and fishing equipment • Limiting market supply due to COVID-19 • Poor quality of diet, high disease prevalence (human and livestock), exhaustion of livelihood coping strategies • With the onset of additional stressors/shocks potential for severe multi-sectoral humanitarian needs to increase. • Extreme dependence on HFA • 45-day cycle – HFA currently entirely sustaining HHs • HFA alone will not lower GAM and improve malnutrition • Need for upscale in WASH, Health, and Nutrition services

9 Locations of assessment County Hotspot locations Key Updates and Action Points

Uror, Nyirol Yuai, Pathai, 1. Cycle of recurrent cattle raids and intercommunal revenge attacks County) Motot and Pieri (Lou Nuer and Murle communities). Last major revenge attack in Nyirol, Uror, Akobo, Duk, Tewic East in Feb 2020 Nyirol county 2. Phase 4 for IPC FSL and Nutrition Lankien, Walgak 3. Following attack on 16 May by Murle youth on Pieri and surroundings, local authorities (iO) reported many people displaced form Pieri, Gaatwel, Goakgoak, Wek, Panyok (Uror) and Wunbil (Nyirol) to Yuai, Pathai, Karam, Motot (Uror), Lankien (Nyirol) and Walgak (Akobo) • Varied displacement figures but GFD caseload for Pieri is 30,000 individuals

Way forward IRNA of IDPs in Lankien, Walgak and Karam by DFC (Lankien); IRNA of IDPs in Yuai, Pathai, Motot and Pieri by TF (Yuai, Motot), once area is safe Keeping location on the radar due to reported high number of affected in case of ICCG support

10 Locations recommended for further follow up/ monitoring County Hotspot Key Updates and Action Points locations Fangak Southern • Critical food situation in southern part of reported; Fangak (Toch confirmed by CEFCOSS and CMD. and Nyadin payams) • South Fangak (Mareang) has two major payams: ❑ 1) Toch payam, estimated population of 11,000 to 15,000 people and ❑ 2) Nyadin payam estimated population of 12,000 to 16,000 people.

• Food assistance and agricultural support to southern Fangak used to be provided was suspended in 2019

• Reportedly, last food assistance in the mentioned locations took place in January 2019, while farmers were supported with agricultural inputs in April 2019. No real harvest in 2019,

• Population has been surviving on wild foods and fishing

11 Locations recommended for response scale up County Hotspot locations Key Updates and Action Points

Tonj East, Paliang, Mayom, • inter-communal conflict reported in Tonj South between Yar, Muok Tonj and Malual Cum and Apukjawiir and Thony; ICV in Tonj East between Jalwaw/Thiik South payams (Tonj and Konggor counties East); Warkie, Bap • IRNA conducted by Wau based partners Chak, Keul Chok, • Local authorities 59,370 individuals/ 11, 874 households in three Nyiel, Malual locations (Tonj, Wanh Alel and Mayangok) in Tonj South and in Tonj Muok, Maktab East 32,321 individuals /6,464 households in seven locations Fok, Wargiir (Romic, Pariang, Kachu, Ngabagok, Ngabanet, Mayen Ador, Pagak settlements (Tonj and Tarkap) South • IDPs integrated with host community • IOM-DTM reported 30,499 displaced individuals in Tonj East and 12,547 displaced individuals in Tonj South • All the locations are accessible, rains expected to intensify end of May

Priority needs. Food and physical protection, Shelter and non-food items, water, health, nutrition and education. some water and health services are available in displaced locations, concerns of risk of contamination of hand dug wells. 12 2020 FLOOD RESPONSE PREPAREDNESS

• 2019 South Sudan severely affected by abnormally heavy seasonal flooding related to climate change-induced disturbances of the Indian Ocean dipole, creating ‘El Niño’ effect in the Indian Ocean. As a result: 908,000 people affected. • High probability of recurrence of similar flooding in South; therefore humanitarian partners to take flood mitigation & response preparedness measures. • Based upon 2019 lessons learned and guided by an IC Flood Mitigation & Response Preparedness Plan, humanitarian partners to:

1) Pre-position critical relief supplies in prioritized strategic locations;

2) Identify well in advance local static partners (INGOs, NNGOs and CBOs) as first responders to provide timely lifesaving response to flood-affected people. [COVID-19 quarantine and impassible roads and airstrips will hamper rapid deployment of mobile response teams to field locations affected by floods];

3) Support Disaster Risk Reduction (DRR) and Climate Change Adaptation (CCA), joining efforts with national authorities and development partners: [e.g. construction / strengthening of dykes through food for work schemes, establishing flood committees, etc. in prioritized areas].

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