Journal of Philippine Statistics (JPS) Is a Quarterly Publication of the National Statistics Office (NSO)

0022 -3603 A Quarterly Issue JOURNAL

OF PHILIPPINE

STATISTICS

VOLUME 62 NUMBER 1 FIRST QUARTER 2011

Feature Article

Statistics on Filipino Women

Republic of the Philippines NATIONAL STATISTICS OFFICE Manila

REPUBLIC OF THE PHILIPPINES

HIS EXCELLENCY PRESIDENT BENIGNO SIMEON C. AQUINO III

NATIONAL STATISTICS OFFICE

CARMELITA N. ERICTA Administrator

PAULA MONINA G. COLLADO Deputy Administrator

ISSN 0022-3603

PREFACE

The Journal of Philippine Statistics (JPS) is a quarterly publication of the National Statistics Office (NSO) . It furnishes data users with statistical information on the socioeconomic development of the country in accordance with NSO’s mission of providing timely, accurate, and reliable information as bases for plans, policies and decisions, and as inputs to academic pursuits, researches, and development projects.

The statistical series contained in this publication are updated for continuity and for comparative analysis whenever possible. Tabular data usually cover two or more periods for maximum comparability.

This issue presents the latest available statistics on population and housing; labor and employment; travel and tourism; social welfare, and community development; education and culture; health, nutrition and vital statistics; and defense, crime and delinquency.

Featured in this issue are statistics on the Filipino women in celebration of the National Women’s Month. This year’s celebration bears the theme “CEDAW: In support of the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs)”, and which highlights the importance of RA 9710 or the Magna Carta of Women and the national translation of the UN Convention on the Elimination of all Forms of Discrimination Against Women in the achievement of the eight MDGs.

Most of the statistics shown here were taken from surveys and censuses conducted by the NSO and other offices, as well as from administrative forms or records compiled by various agencies. Acknowledgment, therefore, is extended to all secondary data sources without whose cooperation and support, the consolidation of information and the publication of this journal would not have been possible.

Manila, Philippines March 2011

iii C O N T E N T S

Page

Preface…...…………………………………………………………………………….. iii Contents…...……………………………………………………………………………..v Statistical Tables…...……………………………………………………………………………..vii

Feature Article Statistics on Filipino Women ….……………………………... …. 1

Section I - POPULATION AND HOUSING ……………………………… 23 Cebu City Records a Population of 799,762 (Results From the 2007 Census of Population) …………….. 23 ` Private Building Construction Statistics Third Quarter 2010 (Preliminary Results) …………...………. 26

Section II - LABOR AND EMPLOYMENT ……………………………….. 40 Labor Force Survey: October 2010 …………….…...………. 40 Labor Relations and Concerns …………………………….…. 44

Section III - TRAVEL AND TOURISM …………………………………….. 56 Visitor Arrivals to the Philippines First Quarter 2011 …....………………………………………. 56 Hotel Accommodations and Visitors' Average Length of Stay: First Quarter 2011 ……....………………………….. 59

Section IV - SOCIAL WELFARE AND COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT ………………………………………………. 67 Welfare Benefits and Services Fourth Quarter 2010 …………………………………………… 67

Section V - EDUCATION AND CULTURE ……………………………….. 77 Enrolment in Public and Private Schools SYs 2008-2009 and 2009-2010 ……………………………… 77 Promotion of Culture and Arts ……………………………….. 78

CONTENTS - Concluded

Page

Section VI - HEALTH, NUTRITION, AND VITAL STATISTICS …………. 84 Health and Vital Indicators: 2011 …….. ……………………… 84 Death Among Children Under Five Years of Age Declines (Results from the 2011 Family Health Survey) ………………. 85 Filipino Women on Health and Family Planning ……….……. 86 Urban Women Bear Less Children Than Rural Women (Results from the 2011 Family Health Survey) ………………. 87

Section VII - DEFENSE, CRIME, AND DELINQUENCY …………………. 96 Crime Indicators: First Quarter 2011 ………………………… 96 Profile of Drug or Substance Abusers 2009-2010 ……………………………………………………… 99

vi S T A T I S T I C A L T A B L E S

Page

Feature Article

Statistics on Filipino Children

1 The top 10 provinces in 2003 and their corresponding ranks in 2000 ………………………………………………….. 14 2 World economic forum's global gender gap report 2011 …………………………………………………………….. 14 3 Philippines' gender gap index (GGI): 2006-2011 ……………. 14 4 Number and percentage distribution of overseas Filipino workers by selected characteristics: 2010 and 2011 ……….. 15 5 Number and percentage distribution of overseas Filipino workers by region of origin and place of work abroad 2010 and 2011 …………………………………………………. 16 6 Total and average remittance of overseas Filipino workers by selected characteristics: 2010 and 2011 …………………. 17 7 Total and percentage distribution of remittance of overseas Filipino workers by selected characteristics 2010 and 2011 …………………………………………………. 18 8 Percent distribution of population 15 years old and over total labor force and of persons who are employed unemployed and not in the labor force, by sex and age group: October 2011 ………………………………………….. 19 9 Number and percent distribution of employed persons by highest grade completed, by region and sex October 2011 ………………………………………………….. 19 10 Percent distribution of employed persons by sex and major occupation group: October 2011 …………………………….. 20 11 Percent distribution of employed persons by sex and major industry group: October 2011 ………………………………… 20 12 Number and percent distribution of unemployed persons by highest grade completed, by sex and age group October 2011 …………………………………………………… 21 13 Percent distribution of employed persons by sex and class of worker: October 2011……………………………. 22 14 Percent distribution of employed persons by broad industry group and by class of worker: October 2011 ……………….. 22

vii STATISTICAL TABLES - Continued

Page Section I - POPULATION AND HOUSING

1.1 Total population, household population, and number of households of top 10 barangays: 2007 …………………… 31 1.2 Household population by age group and sex and sex ratio by age group: 2007 ……………………………. 31 1.3 Household population 10 years old and over by marital status and sex: 2007 ………………………………. 32 1.4 Household population five years old and over by highest educational attainment and sex: 2007 ……………………….. 32 1.5 Household population five to 24 years old who were attending school by sex and age group: 2007 ………… 33 1.6 Occupied housing units by construction materials of the roof and outer walls: 2007 ……………………………… 33 1.7 Number, floor area, and value of building construction by type of building, and by region Third Quarter 2010 ………………………………….…………. 35 1.8 Number of new residential building construction started floor area and value of construction by type of building and by region: Third Quarter 2010 …………………………… 36 1.9 Number of new non-residential building construction started, floor area and value of construction by type of building and by region Third Quarter 2010 ……………….…………………………… 37 1.10 Number of new commercial building construction started, floor area and value of construction by type of building and by region Third Quarter 2010 ……………………………………………. 38 1.11 Number of new industrial building construction started, floor area and value of construction by type of building and by region Third Quarter 2010 …………………………….……………… 39

Section II - LABOR AND EMPLOYMENT

2.1 Comparative labor statistics October 2009 and October 2010 ……………………………… 46 2.2 Employed persons by industry, occupation class of worker and hours worked: October 2010 …………… 47

viii STATISTICAL TABLES - Continued

Page 2.3 Underemployed persons by hours worked and industry and unemployed persons by age group sex and highest grade completed October 2009 and October 2010 ……………………………… 48 2.4 Rates of labor force participation, employment unemployment and underemployment by region October 2010 …………………………………………………… 50 2.5 Strike and lockout notices and actual strikes and lockouts: Fourth Quarter 2009 and 2010 …………….…. 51 2.6 Strike and lockout notices, actual strikes and lockouts and preventive mediation cases by region: January to December 2010 ……….……………… 52 2.7 Preventive mediation cases and voluntary arbitration cases: Fourth Quarter 2009 and 2010 ………...… 54 2.8 Original and appealed mediation-arbitration cases and money claims: Fourth Quarter 2009 and 2010 …………. 55

Section III - TRAVEL AND TOURISM

3.1 Visitor arrivals by country of residence First Quarter 2010 and 2011 ………………………………….. 61 3.2 Visitor arrivals by country of residence March 2010 and 2011 ………...………………………………. 63 3.3 Top ten travel markets First Quarter 2010 and 2011 …...…….………………………. 65 3.4 Average occupancy rates of hotels in Metro Manila by classification: First Quarter 2010 and 2011 ……..………. 66

Section IV - SOCIAL WELFARE AND COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT

4.1 Number of disadvantaged children served by program/project service by sex and by region: Fourth Quarter 2010 ………… 72 4.2 Number of youth served by program/project/service by sex and by region: Fourth Quarter 2010 …………………. 73 4.3 Number of women served by program/project/service and by region: Fourth Quarter 2010 ………...……………… 74 4.4 Number of persons with disabilities (PWDs) served by program/project/service, by sex and by region Fourth Quarter 2010 …………………………………………… 75 4.5 Number of senior citizens (SCs) served by program/project service by sex and by region: Fourth Quarter 2010 ………… 76

ix STATISTICAL TABLES - Continued

Page

Section V - EDUCATION AND CULTURE

5.1 Enrolment in government and private schools by level of education: School Years 2008-2009 and 2009-2010 …..… 83 5.2 Number of teachers in public schools by region and by level of education School Years 2009-2010 and 2010-2011 ……………………. 83 5.3 Number of foreign students by academic year Academic Years 2007-2008 and 2008-2009 ………………… 83

Section VI - HEALTH, NUTRITION, AND VITAL STATISTICS

6.1 Infant and under-five mortality rates for five-year periods preceding the survey by survey years: 2011 ……………….. 89 6.2 Infant and under-five mortality rates by region: 2011 ………. 89 6.3 Projected regional life expectancy at birth by sex and by number of years females will outlive males 2000 Census-based ……………………………………………. 90 6.4 Percentage of currently married women aged 15-49 years by contraceptive method currently used and socio-economic status: 2006 and 2011 …………………………………………. 91 6.5 Percentage distribution of currently married women using selected modern contraceptive methods by most recent source of supply and socio-economic status 2006 and 2011 …………………………………………………. 92 6.6 Percentage distribution of currently married women aged 15-49 years by contraceptive method currently used and background characteristics: 2011 ………………………. 93 6.7 Total fertility rate for the three years preceding the survey by background characteristics: 2011 ………………………… 94 6.8 Percentage of women age 15-19 who are mothers or pregnant with their first child by background characteristics 2011 ……………………………………………………………… 95

x STATISTICAL TABLES - Concluded

Page

Section VII - DEFENSE, CRIME, AND DELINQUENCY

7.1 Total crime volume and efficiency rate by region First Quarter 2010 and 2011 …………...……………………. 100 7.2 Index and non-index crimes by region First Quarter 2010 and 2011 …………...……………………. 100 7.3 Crimes against persons by region First Quarter 2010 and 2011 …………...……………………. 101 7.4 Crimes against property by region First Quarter 2010 and 2011 …………...……………………. 102 7.5 Profile of drug abusers: 2009-2010 ………………………….. 103

xi Feature Article

Statistics on Filipino Women

Moreover, Proclamation No. 227 mandates the observance of the Month of Women’s Role in History every March.

Since 1987, the Philippines has embarked on mainstreaming gender and development (GAD) in response to pressing women issues. In the 1987-1992 Medium Term Development Plan (MTPDP), GAD was incorporated in recognition of the imperatives of effectively mobilizing women in the overall thrust of harnessing human resources to reduce poverty, generate employment, promote social equity and justice, and attain sustainable economic growth. This became the basis for the Philippine Development Plan for Women (PDPW) as an annex to the MTPDP and the adoption of the Philippine Plan for Gender and Responsive Development (PPGD), 1995-2025 which is Introduction a strategic plan to translate and effect policies, thrusts, programs, and projects for The worldwide observance of the the Filipino women. International Women's Day emerged from consolidated efforts of women in the At the helm of all 20 th century. Between 1909 and 1911, collaborative efforts toward the upliftment working women in the United States of women cause and advocacies are organized strike activities for the Trade government agencies like the Philippine Union League of Women (TULW) and Commission on Women (PCW), formerly other similar organizations. They were the National Commission on the Role of then espousing ideas against low wages, the Filipino Women (NCRFW), the National lack of protective legislation, and the Economic and Development Authority poor working condition of workers. (NEDA) and the Department of Social Welfare and Development (DSWD). To this In the Philippines, Proclamation end, the government together with its No. 224 declares the first week of March partners in nongovernment organizations as Women's Week and March 8 as (NGOs) and the academe crafted in 2001 Women's Rights and International Peace the Framework Plan for Women (FPW). Day. Republic Act 6949 declares the same day as National Women's Day and The FPW is geared toward the March as National Women's Month. following:

1 2 JOURNAL OF PHILIPPINE STATISTICS

• Promoting women's including that on family planning

empowerment • Access loans and other forms of

• financial credits Upholding women's human rights • Join leisure, sports, and cultural activities • Promoting and strengthening gender-responsive governance. • Decide on the number of children and on the number of One framework plan for the years between pregnancies advancement of women and women's • Shared parenting cause is the elimination of all forms of responsibilities discrimination against women. • Have equal access to jobs,

benefits, and social security The United Nations (UN) General • Assembly adopted the first and only Be paid equally based on the work they do international treaty that comprehensively addresses women's rights, not only • Be free from all forms of within civil and political spheres, but also violence, whether physical, within economic, social, cultural, and sexual, emotional, mental or family life. This is the Convention on the economic

Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination • Be free from all forms of slavery Against Women (CEDAW), otherwise and prostitution known as "The Women's Convention" or • Vote, run for election and hold the "UN Treaty for the Rights of Women". public office

CEDAW was adopted by the UN • Represent the country General Assembly on December 18, internationally 1979 during the UN Decade for Women. • Acquire, change or retain The Philippines signed CEDAW on July nationality and citizenship. 15, 1980 and ratified it on August 5, 1981. It came into force on September 3, Moreover, advocacy for women’s 1981. advancement and gender equality at the national level find strength in the passage Discrimination against women of significant laws which promote and may be defined as any distinction, protect women’s rights, such as the Anti- exclusion or restriction made on the Sexual Harassment Act of 1995 (Republic basis of sex, which has the effect or Act 7877), the Anti-Rape Law of 1997 purpose of impairing or nullifying the (Republic Act 8353), the Anti-Trafficking in recognition, enjoyment or exercise by Persons Act of 2003 (Republic Act 9208), women, of their human rights and and the Anti-Violence Against Women and fundamental freedoms in the political, their Children Act of 2004 (Republic Act cultural, civil or any other field, 9262). irrespective of their marital status, on a basis of equality of men and women. Supporting the achievement of poverty reduction and the specific goal of CEDAW guarantees women's bringing about the economic development right to: and empowerment of women, the NCRFW

• Good quality education through the Gender-Responsive Economic Actions for the Transformation of Women • Comprehensive health (GREAT Women) Project funded by the services, STATISTICS ON F ILIPINO WOMEN 3

Canadian International Development dimensions of human development: health, Agency (CIDA) underscores the interplay education, and income . between good governance and the creation of an enabling environment for Philippines ranks eighth down to ninth the economic empowerment of women. in world gender gap index This five-year initiative aims to encourage and improve women’s The National Statistical microenterprises especially in the Coordination Board (NSCB), adjusted the countryside, which, over the long term, is 2000 and 2003 HDI to account inequalities expected to translate into better incomes between women and men in the and a better quality of life. Philippines. The resulting adjusted index, called Gender Development Index (GDI), is Moreover, the government is 0.5861 in 2003 and 0.5898 in 2000.The top determined in creating a more-gender 10 provinces in 2003 and their responsive enabling business corresponding ranks in 2000 (Table 1). environment for our women micro entrepreneurs by bringing them closer to In the World Economic Forum's such services and facilities as skills Global Gender Gap Report 2011, the training, microfinance, market linkaging, Philippines ranked 8th out of 135 countries, business development and management, making it the only Asian country to enter in social protection, and other forms of the top ten since 2006 (Table 2). support. The Global Gender Gap Report's This year’s celebration of index assesses 135 countries on how well Women’s Month bears the theme, they divide resources and opportunities “CEDAW: In support of the Millennium amongst male and female populations, Development Goals (MDGs)”, which regardless of the overall levels of these aims to highlight the importance of RA resources. The report measures the size of 9710 or the Magna Carta of Women and the gender inequality gap in four areas, the national translation of the UN namely: economic participation and Convention on the Elimination of all opportunity, educational attainment, Forms of Discrimination Against Women political empowerment, and health and or the CEDAW in the achievement of the survival. eight MDGs. The country's GGI has consistently increased from 2008 - 2011, though the Inequalities between Philippines slipped from its 8th place to 9th women and men in place due to low ratings in the areas of political empowerment and economic the Philippines participation and opportunities (Table 3).

In the 2011 Human Development Philippines ranks 74th in women’s Report, the Philippines’ Human economic opportunity Development Index (HDI) is 0.644, placing the country in the 112th rank out In the Women’s Economic of 187 countries. The country’s HDI value Opportunity rankings released by the is 0.038 lower than the world index, and Economist Intelligence Unit (EIU) in 2012, 0.027 lower than the HDI of the East Asia the Philippines scored 50.3 points which and the Pacific region. HDI provides a placed the country in 74th rank out of 128 composite measure of three basic countries. The score is 0.1 point below the 4 JOURNAL OF PHILIPPINE STATISTICS

2010 report which placed the country in reference period to fulfill an overseas 63rd rank out of 113 countries (Table 3). contract for a specific length of time or who were presently at home on vacation during As defined by the EIU, women’s the reference period but still had an economic opportunity is defined as a set existing contract to work abroad, and other of laws, regulations, practices, customs Filipino workers abroad with valid working and attitudes that allow women to visa or work permits. Those who had no participate in the workforce under working visa or work permits such as conditions roughly equal to those of men, tourists, visitors, students and those with whether as wage-earning employees or medical and other type of non-immigrant as owners of a business. visas but were presently employed and working full time in other countries were Filipino women also included. in overseas employment Number of working overseas Filipinos increases by 5.6 percent The data presented in this discussion were taken from the 2011 The 2011 SOF estimated a total of Survey on Overseas Filipinos (SOF) 2.2 million overseas Filipinos “whose conducted by the NSO. The SOF aims to departure occurred within the last five derive national estimates on the number years and who are working or had worked of overseas Filipino workers (OFWs) and abroad during the past six months (April to the amount and mode of remittances, in September) of the survey period”. There cash and in kind, received by their was an increase (5.6%) over the previous families. This survey also provides year’s estimate of 2.0 million OFWs (Table information about the socio-economic 4). characteristics of the OFWs.

Number of female OFWs increases by The OFWs covered in this report 5.8 percent were those aged 15 years old and over and working abroad during the period April 1, 2011 to September 30, 2011. Of the 2.2 million OFWs in 2011, female OFWs were estimated at 1.03 OFWs include overseas contract million (47.8%) or an increase of 5.8 workers (OCWs) who were presently and percent from the 975 thousand estimated temporarily out of the country during the female OFWs in 2010 (Table 4).

FIGURE 1 Overseas Filipino Workers (OFW): 2006-2011

2.5

2.0

1.5 Female Male 1.0 Total

0.5

Number(In thousands) 0.0 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 Year STATISTICS ON F ILIPINO WOMEN 5

Male OFWs accounted for 52.2 accounted for 18.4 percent; Saudi Arabia percent or around 1.13 million of the total with 13.5 percent; and Hong Kong with OFWs in 2011. There was an increase of 11.4 percent. 5.4 percent from the estimated 1.07 million male OFWs in 2010. As to male OFWs, Saudi Arabia continued to dominate with 30.5 percent in Female OFWs in 2011 were 2011 and 30.0 percent in 2010. Second generally younger than males. Around was the UAE with 11.3 percent and 12.2 63.1 percent female OFWs were aged 15 percent of the total male OFWs in 2011 to 34 years while only 48.5 percent male and 2010, respectively (Table 5). OFWs were of the same age group. There was a slight decrease of younger Most female OFWs are laborers and female OFWs because in 2010, an unskilled workers estimated 64.5 percent of the total female OFWs belonged to the 15 to 34 In 2011, 55.5 percent of the female age group (Table 4). OFWs were laborers and unskilled workers, slightly lower compared with 2010 Most OFWs come from Luzon report at 55.6 percent. On the other hand, an estimated 47.3 percent of male OFWs Luzon remained the major source in 2011 and 51.6 percent in 2010 were of OFWs. In 2011, the top three sources trades and related workers/plant and of female OFWs were Central Luzon, machine operators and assemblers (Table CALABARZON, and Ilocos Region with 4). 12.2 percent, 12.1 percent, and 10.4 percent respectively. In 2010, Ilocos Remittances from female OFWs Region topped the list followed by worldwide were relatively lower than their Central Luzon and CALABARZON. male counterpart. Of the total PhP156.3 billion estimated OFW remittances in 2011, Likewise, CALABARZON, around 30.6 percent (PhP47.8 billion) Central Luzon and National Capital came from female OFWs. In 2010, around Region (NCR) were the source of around 32.2 percent (PhP45.5 billion) of the 52.1 percent male OFWs in 2011, lower PhP141.2 billion OFW remittances were than the 53.6 percent male OFWs that from female OFWs (Tables 6 and 7). the same regions produced in 2010 (Table 5). Women in labor Most female OFWs are based in the and employment United Arab Emirates The Labor Force Survey (LFS) is a Saudi Arabia, United Arab nationwide quarterly survey conducted by Emirates (UAE) and Qatar were the top the NSO. In the following discussion, data three countries of destination accounting are based on the final results of the 44.1 percent of the OFWs in 2011 and October 2011 round of the LFS. 43.5 percent in 2010.

Of the estimated 1.03 million Definition of Terms female OFWs, 18.1 percent were in UAE, 14.1 percent in Saudi Arabia, and 10.5 Labor Force – refers to the percent in Hong Kong. In the 2010 figure population 15 years old and over who of 975 thousand female OFWs, UAE contribute to the production of goods and 6 JOURNAL OF PHILIPPINE STATISTICS

services in the country. It comprises the Female unemployment rate for the employed and unemployed same period was relatively lower at 2.4 percent which is equivalent to 9.85 Employed – refers to persons in thousand compared to male at 4.0 percent the labor force who are reported either as which is estimated at 1.7 million (Table 8). at work or with a job or business although not at work. Persons at work FIGURE 2 Percent Distribution of Employed Persons by Sex and Age Group: October 2011 are those who did some work, even for an hour during the reference period Female

Male Underemployed – refers to 65> 2.3 1.7 employed persons who express the desire to have additional hours of work in 55-64 5.5 4.1 their present job or an additional job, or have a new job with longer working hours 45-54 10.0 7.4

35-44 13.4 8.9 Labor Force Participation Rate Agegroup (LFPR) – refers to the proportion of total 25-34 16.0 9.8 labor force to the total household population 15 years old and over. 13.1 7.8 15-24 Employment Rate – refers to the 20.0 15.0 10.0 5.0 0.0 5.0 10.0 proportion of employed persons to the In percent total labor force

Unemployment Rate – refers to Of those employed there are more the proportion of unemployed persons to women who finish college the total labor force Results of the same survey Underemployment Rate – refers revealed estimates of employed males who to the proportion of underemployed completed high school at 60.4 percent; persons to total employed persons. elementary at 65.5 percent. This was higher than that of employed females at There is an increase in women labor 39.6 percent and 34.4 percent respectively. participants Among employed females, 56.7 percent finished college which was higher The result of the October 2011 compared with employed males at 43.3 Labor Force Survey (LFS) showed an percent (Table 9). increase in the Labor Force Participation Rate (LFPR) for females at 39.6 percent Most employed females are skilled (from 38.8% in October 2010), and a workers very slight decrease for males at 60.4 percent (from 61.2% in 2010) (Table 8). Of the estimated 15.3 million employed women in October 2011, The number of employed and laborers and unskilled workers numbered unemployed Filipinos in October 2011 5.4 million, 2.0 million less than their male were estimated at 38.5 million and 2.6 counterpart. Women officials of million respectively. Female employment government and other special interest was estimated at 15.3 million compared organizations numbered 2.8 million or 18.3 with 23.2 million males. percent. Women service workers, shop STATISTICS ON F ILIPINO WOMEN 7

and market sales workers were holding top posts in the government (Civil estimated at 2.3 million compared to 9.2 Service Commission, “ Women’s million men in the same occupation Participation and Representation: A Major group (Table 10). State Obligation Under the Magna Carta of Women . 2011). Of the total 15.3 million employed women in October 2011, around 8.1 million (52.7%) were wage and salary Women participation workers, of which 30.8 percent or 4.7 in politics and governance million worked for private establishments.

The self-employed without any paid Preliminary report (as of February employee were estimated at 4.1 million 2011) of the May 2010 automated national (27.1%) while those who worked without and local elections showed that around pay in own family-operated farm or 18.4 percent of the elected posts were won business, 2.6 million (17.7%) (Table 13). by women candidates, slightly higher than the 17.0 percent turnout in 2007. Women’s leadership In the same election period, and political participation voter turnout, which was computed by dividing the total votes cast by the total The Philippine Constitution number of registered voters, was higher for guarantees the fundamental equality of women than men. women and men before the law and recognizes the role of women in nation FIGURE 3 Registered Voters and Voter building. Further, Section 11 of the Turnout: 2010 National Election Magna Carta of Women (MCW) provides for the acceleration of women’s 60 Registered Voters participation and equitable representation Voters Who Actually Voted 50.9 in decision-making and policy-making 50 processes in government and private entities to fully realize their role as agents 40 38.2 and beneficiaries of development. 30 25.0 The 2007 data from the 24.2 Commission on Elections revealed a total 18.9 20 18.0 of 2,881 women in national, provincial

Number(In millions) and municipal elected positions which 10 translate to only 17.0 percent share of the total turnout, 83.0 percent of those 0 elected were men. Total Male Female

In the recent years, the trend was that women occupy only less than one- Commission on Elections third of third level positions in the (COMELEC) figures as of August 2011 government; more than one-third in showed that women voter turnout was 75.7 government owned and controlled percent compared to men at 74.4 percent. corporations; less than 20.0 percent in The national figure was 75.0 percent. local government units; and more than one-third in the judiciary. Overall, the In 2007 and 2004, voter turnouts for proportionate share is 1:2 in favor of men women were also higher than men and the 8 JOURNAL OF PHILIPPINE STATISTICS

national figures. Women voter turnout in women’s organization – Gabriela Women’s 2007 was 73.3 percent while that of men Party (GWP) which also won in the 2007 was 72.8 percent and the national figure and 2004 national elections. at 73.1 percent. In 2004, women voter turnout was 77.5 percent compared to Of the total 56 elected party-list men at 76.4 percent while the national representatives in 2010, 14 (25.0%) were figure was 76.9 percent. women. In 2007 election, six out of 21 party-list representatives were women In 2010 Senatorial elections, (28.6%), while in 2004, 4 out of 23 elected there were 14 women who ran out of 61 party-list representatives (17.4%) were candidates (23.0%), of which two entered women. the top 12 winning senators (16.7%). Women participation in the senatorial The participation of women in the election in 2007 was lower at 10.8 judiciary was slightly increasing. In 2007, percent (4 out of 37 senatorial 32.0 percent of the total incumbent judges candidates) with one woman elected in the first and second level courts, (8.3%). including Shari’a courts, were women. It increased to 33.0 percent in 2008; 33.0 There were 65 women percent in 2009; and 34.0 percent in 2010. Representatives elected in the 15th Congress (2010 national election). They FIGURE 4 Judges on the 1st and 2nd accounted for 22.5 percent of the total Level Courts Including Shari'a Courts 289 representatives as members of the 2007-2010 Lower House. During the 14th Congress, Total Male Female 51 women had secured memberships in the House of Representatives. 1,706 1,664 1,647 1,702

A women’s rights organization 1,161 1,116 1,120 has secured party-list representation in 1,104 Congress since 2004. Civil 648 society/private sector organizations that 545 543 582 carry the agenda of marginalized sectors vie for a limited number of seats in the House of Representatives. The 2010 national election, a total of 56 party-list 2007 2008 2009 2010 representatives were given seats in the Year House of Congress, two represented a

FIGURE 5 Justices in the Supreme Court of the Philippines: 2001-2011 Male Female

12 11 11 11 11 10 10 9 9 9 9

6 5 5 5 5 4 4 3 3 3 2

2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011

Year STATISTICS ON F ILIPINO WOMEN 9

In the Supreme Court, 20.0 Figure 7 Percent Distribution percent of 15 justices in 2001 were of Average Reported VAW Cases women; 27.0 percent in 2002; 29.0 2004-2011 percent in 2003; 33.0 percent in 2004; RA9262 36.0 percent both in 2005 and 2006; 43.0 0.6% 0.3% 0.8% Physical Injuries 0.3% percent in 2007; 36.0 percent in 2008; 1.4% 15.0 percent in 2009; and 21.0 percent Acts of 2.1% 0.3% Lasciviousness 2.3% both in 2010 and 2011. Threats 2.9%

Attempted Rape 6.2% Reports of violence Unjust Vexation against women Concubinage 49.0% RA9208 In 2011 the number of violence 23.5% against women (VAW) cases reported to Sexual Harassment the Philippine National Police (PNP) Abduction/Kidna decreased by 14.3 percent from the 2010 pping Seduction report. The decrease caused the trend to go downward after a five-year upward Incestuos Rape trend from 2006 to 2010.

The 2010 report (15,104) was so Reported cases under RA 9262 far the highest number of reported VAW continued to increase from 218 in 2004 to cases since 1997. 9,021 cases in 2011.

The trend, however, was not Since 2004, wife battering cases conclusive of a decreasing or increasing have been categorized under 'Violation of VAW incidence in the country RA 9262’ that is, if the victim filed a case because data were based only from what under such law, otherwise the reported was reported to PNP. cases would fall under physical injuries category. Across an eight-year period from 2004 to 2011, average violations of RA Physical injury is now the second 9262 ranked first at 49.0 percent among most prevalent case across the eight-year the different VAW categories since its period, accounting for 23.5 percent of all implementation in 2004. reported VAW cases nationwide.

FIGURE 6 VAW Cases Reported in the Philippine National Police: 2000-2011

16,000 15,104 12,948 12,000 9,132 9,485 8,000 7,837 8,284 7,204 6,905 6,271 5,729 5,374 4,881 4,000

0 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 Year

10 JOURNAL OF PHILIPPINE STATISTICS

Reported incidence of physical Education and Mass Media Survey injury has been decreasing in the latter (FLEMMS) conducted by NSO showed that years. Its peak was in 2001 at 5,668 of the estimated 68 million Filipinos 10 reported cases. years old and over in 2008, 95.6% were basically literate. The basic literacy rate The decrease can be partly among females was 96.1 percent while attributed to the enactment into law of RA 95.1 percent among males. Functional 9262 or Anti-VAWC Act of 2004 which literacy among females in the same period penalizes abusive husbands and live-in was also higher at 88.7 percent as against partners. However, in 2009 and 2010 84.2 percent among males. the reported cases show an increasing trend but it slid back in 2011. In the 2003 FLEMMS, the results showed that eight out of 100 (more than 2 Reported rape cases which million) Filipino women and 11 out of 100 ranked third accounted for about 10.3 (around 3 million) Filipino men could not percent of total reported VAW cases from read and write. 2004 to 2011.

Acts of lasciviousness ranked FIGURE 9 Basic Literacy Rates: 1990-2008 fourth at an average of 520 reported cases accounting for 6.2 percent of all Male Female reported VAW cases from 2004 to 2011. 96.1 100 94.093.2 93.7 94.0 95.1 92.0 92.3 90.4 The comparative figures indicate an 86.8 upward trend of the reported cases after a record low of 382 reported cases in 80 2006. 60

Women and education 40

Most Filipinos are literate 20

FIGURE 8 Literacy Rates of Population 0 10-64 Years Old: 2008 1990 1994 2000 2003 2008 Male Female Year 100 95.1 96.1 88.7 90 84.2 There were an estimated 5.0 million 80 illiterates of the 58 million Filipinos 10 to 64 70 years old during that period. 60 50 There are more women literate than 40 men 30 20 Women who were considered 10 basically literate (those who could only 0 read and write) were estimated at 26.0 Basic Literacy Rate Functional Literacy million (90 for every 100 women), higher Rate than men at an estimated 25.0 million (87 in every 100 men). This was evident in the The 2008 Functional Literacy, elementary and high school completion STATISTICS ON F ILIPINO WOMEN 11

rates where females were consistently enrolled in elementary education than boys higher than males. during that period.

There are more women with basic The NER in the public secondary literacy and numerical skills level during the same school year was lesser compared with elementary level. Aside from acquiring basic Female NER was 66.1 percent (66 in every literacy, women with numerical skills 100 girls) while male NER was 56.63 (functional literacy) were estimated at percent (57 in every 100 boys) all aged 12 25.0 million (86 for every 100 women), to 15 years. There was a greater disparity also higher than men with numerical skill between girls and boys in high school at estimated at 24.0 million (82 for every 1.17 GPI which was equivalent to 117 girls 100 men). in every 100 boys.

More women can comprehend than More girls complete education male The completion rates for SY 2008- Another requisite of functional 2009 indicated that more girls were able to literacy aside from the basic reading, complete the prescribed number of years writing and numerical skill was the ability in both elementary and secondary to communicate and comprehend. In education. The completion rate of females that period, there were an estimated 20.0 at the elementary level was 77.9 percent million (69 in every 100) women in this (78 in every 100 girls), while male level of functional literacy while men in completion rate was 69.1 percent (69 in this level were estimated at 18.0 million every 100 boys) with 1.1 GPI (113 girls in only (63 in every 100). every 100 boys).

NER higher among women The completion rate of female in the secondary level is higher at 79.9 According to the Department of percent (80 in every 100 girls) compared Education (DepEd), girls fared better in with that of male at 70.4 percent (70 in terms of enrolment indicators in every 100 boys), with gender disparity at elementary and secondary education. In 1.13 GPI or equivalent to 113 girls in every the public elementary level during the 100 boys. school year 2010-2011, female Net Enrollment Ratio (NER) was computed at Less girls drop out of school 91.1 percent while male NER was lower at 88.8 percent. This means that there Average Dropout Rate (ADR) at the were around 9 in every 100 girls and 11 elementary level was lower for female at in every 100 boys aged 6 to 11 who did 4.87 percent compared with male at 7.1 not go to school during that period. percent. This means that five in every 100 girls and 7 in every 100 boys failed to finish More girls enroll in elementary the school year 2008-2009. The GPI was education computed at 0.69 which implies that only 69 girls in every 100 boys dropped out in The Gender Parity Index (GPI) that period. which is used to assess differences between girls and boys enrollment is For the school year, 2006-2007, the computed at 1.03 (103 girls in every 100 recorded number of enrollees in boys) which means that more girls had government Madrasah elementary school 12 JOURNAL OF PHILIPPINE STATISTICS

reached a total of 240,072 students. It during the school year 2005-2006, the accounted barely for 2.0 percent of the Commission on Higher Education (CHED) total enrollment for that period. Females reported a total of 2,483,645 enrollees of were recorded at 126,213 (52.6%) while which female accounted more than one- males at 113,859 (47.4%). The number half (54.5%) versus male enrollees of high school students in Madrasah (45.5%). In terms of school preference, 6 in schools was very minimal compared to every 10 women and 7 in every 10 men elementary data. The recorded number preferred to enroll in private universities was only 34,241 with females accounting and colleges than in public. for 57.2 percent while males at 42.8 percent. More females enroll in medical and allied discipline courses For the same school year, the number of students in the elementary In the same school year, medical level who belong to the indigenous and allied discipline courses posted the peoples was 337,616 or barely 3.0 highest percentage of female enrollees at percent of the total enrolment in the 27.4 percent followed by business elementary level. Females were slightly administration and related discipline at less than males at 167,610 (49.7%). High 24.4 percent. In the preceding school year, school records showed a total of 86,771 business administration and related students from the indigenous peoples, of discipline posted the highest percentage of which 53.8 percent (46,644) were female enrollees at 24.8 percent followed females. by Medical and Allied Discipline at 23.3 percent. Females account for half of enrolment in higher education Among the 263,634 graduates for school year 2005-2006, female graduates For higher education enrollment accounted for 56.6 percent (149,246) while during the school year 2005-2006, males accounted for 43.4 percent females accounted for more than half of (114,388). Business Administration and the total 2,483,645 enrollees at 54.5 Related Discipline produced 48,369 percent compared with males at 45.5 (18.4%) female graduates while Medical percent. In terms of school preference, 6 and Allied Discipline produced 37,371 in every 10 women and 7 in every 10 (14.2%) female graduates. Education and men preferred to enroll in private Teacher Training which came third universities and colleges than in public. produced 24,523 (9.3%) female graduates.

Among women enrollees and For the same school year, the graduates in vocational courses from July number of students in the elementary 2005-August 2006, housekeeping and level who belong to the indigenous guestroom maintenance accounted for the peoples was 337,616 or barely 3.0 highest number at 13.3 percent and 14.1 percent of the total enrolment in the percent respectively. Jewelry making elementary level. Females were slightly accounted for the least number of less than males at 167,610 (49.7%). High enrollees at 7.4 percent and graduates at school records showed a total of 86,771 6.7 percent. students from the indigenous peoples, of which 53.8 percent (46,644) were There are more licensed professional females. women then men

For higher education enrollment As of July 2010, the percentage STATISTICS ON F ILIPINO WOMEN 13

of licensed professional women was higher at 63.7 percent than licensed professional men at 36.3 percent (1,860,901 vs. 1,060,404). And of the total 1,860,901 professional women, teachers accounted for the highest percentage at 44.0 percent (819,377), followed by nurses at 27 percent (504,902). Among the women dominated professions, midwives topped the list followed by nutri-dietitians, social workers, pharmacists, librarians, guidance counselors, dental hygienists, interior designers, teachers, and nurses.

In the school year 2008-2009, data revealed that 89.6 percent of the public elementary school teachers were female; only 10.4 percent were male teachers. In the public secondary schools, 77.1 percent were female; only 22.9 percent were male teachers.

School attendance higher among female

The 2007 Census of Population of NSO also showed that about 3 out of 5 persons (63.3 percent) in the household population 5 to 24 years old had attended school at anytime during the School Year (SY) 2007 to 2008. School attendance was higher among females (64.0% of all females aged 5 to 24 years) than among males (62.7% of all males aged 5 to 24 years) during the said school year.

Other census finding is that, among those with academic degrees, there were more females (56.2%) than males (43.8%). Similarly, among those with post baccalaureate courses, females (56.3%) outnumbered males (43.7%).

Sources: National Statistics Office National Statistical Coordination Board Philippine Commission on Women 14 JOURNAL OF P HILIPPINE S TATISTICS

TABLE 1 The Top 10 Provinces in 2003 and Their Corresponding Ranks in 2000

2003 2000 Province Rank GDI Rank GDI

Cavite 1 0.7531 2 0.7002 Rizal 2 0.7206 1 0.7509 Laguna 3 0.6990 5 0.6622 Pampanga 4 0.6927 9 0.6435 Batangas 5 0.6843 6 0.6600 Bulacan 6 0.6714 4 0.6655 Benguet 7 0.6651 3 0.6707 Bataan 8 0.6612 8 0.6503 Pangasinan 9 0.6350 15 0.6022 Zambales 10 0.6288 11 0.6183

Source: National Statistical Coordination Board, Local-level Gender Development Index

TABLE 2 World Economic Forum's Global Gender Gap Report: 2011

2011 Rank Country Gender Gap Index (GGI) 2010 Rank

1 Iceland 0.853 1 2 Norway 0.840 2 3 Finland 0.838 3 4 Sweden 0.804 4 5 Ireland 0.783 6 6 New Zealand 0.781 5 7 Denmark 0.778 5 8 Philippines 0.769 9 9 Lesotho 0.767 8 10 Switzerland 0.763 10

Source: National Statistical Coordination Board, Local-level Gender Development Index

TABLE 3 Philippines' Gender Gap Index (GGI): 2006-2011

Year Gender Gap Index (GGI) World Rank

2011 0.769 8th 2010 0.765 9th 2009 0.758 9th 2008 0.757 6th 2007 0.763 6th 2006 0.752 6th

Source: National Statistical Coordination Board, Local-level Gender Development Index

STATISTICS ON F ILIPINO WOMEN 15

TABLE 4 Number and Percentage Distribution of Overseas Filipino Workers by Selected Characteristics: 2010 and 2011

Selected Characteristics 2011 2010

Philippines (in thousands) 2,158 2,043 Type 100.0 100.0 Overseas contract workers 95.3 94.9 Other overseas Filipino workers 4.7 5.1 Sex 100.0 100.0 Male 52.2 52.3 Female 47.8 47.7 Age Group Both sexes 100.0 100.0 15-24 9.3 9.0 25-29 23.6 25.0 30-34 22.6 22.9 35-39 15.9 15.2 40-44 11.8 11.4 45 and over 16.8 16.6 Male 100.0 100.0 15-24 7.1 6.6 25-29 20.8 20.9 30-34 20.6 22.5 35-39 15.9 15.6 40-44 12.7 12.7 45 and over 22.9 21.8 Female 100.0 100.0 15-24 11.7 11.6 25-29 26.6 29.5 30-34 24.8 23.4 35-39 15.9 14.8 40-44 10.8 9.8 45 and over 10.1 10.9

Major occupation 100.0 100.0 Officials of government and special interest organizations 2.9 2.5 Corporate executives, managers, managing proprietors and supervisors Professionals 10.6 9.9 Technicians and associate professionals 6.0 5.6 Clerks 5.5 5.4 Services workers and shop and market sales workers 15.5 15.1 Farmers, forestry workers and fishermen 0.4 0.3 Trade and related workers 12.8 14.9 Plant and machine operators and assemblers 13.6 14.3 Laborers and unskilled workers 32.7 32.0 Special occupations - *

Notes: Details may not add up to totals due to rounding. * Less than 500 The estimates cover overseas Filipinos whose departure occurred within the last five years and who are working or had worked abroad during the past six months (April to September) of the survey year. Source: National Statistics Office, 2010 and 2011 Survey on Overseas Filipinos

16 JOURNAL OF P HILIPPINE S TATISTICS

TABLE 5 Number and Percentage Distribution of Overseas Filipino Workers by Region of Origin and Place of Work Abroad: 2010 and 2011

Selected Characteristics 2011 2010

Philippines (in thousands) 2,158 2,043 Region 100.0 100.0 NCR 12.5 13.8 CAR 1.9 1.8 I - Ilocos Region 9.2 9.5 II - Cagayan Valley 6.3 6.1 III - Central Luzon 14.3 14.4 IVA - CALABARZON 16.5 16.0 IVB - MIMAROPA 1.9 1.7 V - Bicol Region 3.3 3.1 VI - Western Visayas 8.5 8.3 VII - Central Visayas 6.9 6.6 VIII - Eastern Visayas 2.0 2.0 IX - Zamboanga Peninsula 1.9 2.3 X - Northern Mindanao 3.5 3.0 XI - Davao Region 2.3 2.8 XII - SOCCSKSARGEN 4.4 4.2 XIII - Caraga 1.6 1.4 ARMM 3.0 3.1 Place of work 100.0 100.0 Africa 1.7 1.8 Asia 80.4 80.0 East Asia 16.8 17.2 Hong Kong 5.3 5.7 Japan 4.2 4.4 Taiwan 3.8 3.7 Other countries in East Asia (including China, South Korea) 3.5 3.4 Southeast and South Central Asia 10.9 10.1 Malaysia 3.1 2.7 Singapore 6.3 5.9 Other countries in Southeast and South Central Asia 1.5 1.4 (Including Brunei) Western Asia 52.7 52.7 Kuwait 4.3 4.1 Qatar 6.9 6.3 Saudi Arabia 22.6 22.1 United Arab Emirates 14.6 15.1 Other countries in Western Asia (including Bahrain, Israel 4.3 5.2 Lebanon, Jordan) Australia 1.7 2.0 Europe 8.6 8.3 North and South America 7.6 7.9

Notes: Details may not add up to totals due to rounding. The estimates cover overseas Filipinos whose departure occurred within the last five years and who are working or had worked abroad during the past six months (April to September) of the survey year. Source: National Statistics Office, 2010 and 2011 Survey on Overseas Filipinos

STATISTICS ON F ILIPINO WOMEN 17

TABLE 6 Total and Average Remittance of Overseas Filipino Workers by Selected Characteristics: 2010 and 2011

Total Remittance (In million pesos) Average Remittance (In thousand pesos) Selected Characteristics 2011 2010 2011 2010

Total Remittance 156,336 141,232 82 79 Cash sent 114,090 104,865 62 61 Cash brought home 34,812 30,133 96 83 In kind 7,434 6,234 21 18 Total Cash Remittance 114,090 104,865 62 61 Mode of remittance Banks 81,996 77,258 71 69 Agency/local office 5,319 3,227 70 80 Friends/co-workers 551 902 29 35 Door-to-door 7,088 8,360 54 52 Others 19,135 15,118 41 42 Place of work Africa 3,571 3,978 110 125 Asia 82,577 74,377 55 54 East Asia 17,716 19,142 57 64 Southeast and South Central Asia 10,198 7,062 53 44 Western Asia 54,663 48,173 55 53 Australia 2,288 2,443 80 76 Europe 13,463 11,830 87 82 North and South America 12,190 12,237 90 91 Major Occupation Officials of government and special 5,149 4,887 91 110 interest organizations, corporate executives, managers, managing proprietors and supervisors Professionals 19,808 13,512 99 89 Technicians and associate 10,402 8,558 97 91 professionals Clerks 5,938 5,167 58 53 Services workers and shop and market 13,980 15,152 52 59 sales workers Farmers, forestry workers 316 53 45 36 and fishermen Trade and related workers 16,400 18,450 65 66 Plant and machine operators 19,977 18,505 77 73 and assemblers Laborers and unskilled workers 22,121 20,561 37 39 Special occupations - 21 - 45

18 JOURNAL OF PHILIPPINE STATISTICS

TABLE 7 Total and Percentage Distribution of Remittance of Overseas Filipino Workers by Selected Characteristics: 2010 and 2011

2011 2010

Total Remittance (In million pesos) 156,336 141,232 Cash sent 73.0 74.2 Cash brought home 22.3 21.3 In kind 4.8 4.4 Total Cash Remittance (In million pesos) 114,090 104,865 Mode of remittance 100.0 100.0 Banks 71.9 73.7 Agency/local office 4.7 3.1 Friends/co-workers 0.5 0.9 Door-to-door 6.2 8.0 Others 16.8 14.4 Place of work 100.0 100.0 Africa 3.1 3.8 Asia 72.4 70.9 East Asia 15.5 18.3 Southeast and South Central Asia 8.9 6.7 Western Asia 47.9 45.9 Australia 2.0 2.3 Europe 11.8 11.3 North and South America 10.7 11.7 Major Occupation 100.0 100.0 Officials of government and special 4.5 4.7 interest organizations, corporate executives, managers, managing proprietors and supervisors Professionals 17.4 12.9 Technicians and associate 9.1 8.2 professionals Clerks 5.2 4.9 Services workers and shop and market 12.3 14.4 sales workers Farmers, forestry workers 0.3 0.1 and fishermen Trade and related workers 14.4 17.6 Plant and machine operators 17.5 17.6 and assemblers Laborers and unskilled workers 19.4 19.6 Special occupations - -

STATISTICS ON F ILIPINO WOMEN 19

TABLE 8 Percent Distribution of Population 15 Years Old and Over, Total Labor Force and of Persons Who are Employed, Unemployed and Not in the Labor Force, by Sex and Age Group: October 2011 (Figures in thousands)

Total Population Total Labor Employed Unemployed Not in the Sex and Age Group 15 Years Old Force Labor Force and Over

Philippines 62,168 41,193 38,550 2,643 20,975 Number (In thousands)

Both sexes 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 15-24 30.0 22.7 20.9 49.5 44.4 25-34 22.9 26.0 25.7 30.1 16.8 35-44 17.9 21.5 22.3 9.9 10.8 45-54 13.8 16.7 17.4 6.3 8.0 55-64 8.7 9.2 9.6 3.3 7.6 65 and over 6.7 3.8 4.0 0.9 12.3 Not reported *****

Male 49.8 60.4 60.3 62.7 28.9 15-24 15.3 14.1 13.1 28.3 17.8 25-34 11.5 16.2 16.0 19.6 2.1 35-44 9.0 13.0 13.4 7.0 1.1 45-54 6.8 9.7 10.0 4.8 1.3 55-64 4.3 5.3 5.5 2.5 2.2 65 and over 3.0 2.2 2.3 0.5 4.5 Not reported *---*

Female 50.2 39.6 39.7 37.3 71.1 15-24 14.7 8.7 7.8 21.3 26.6 25-34 11.5 9.8 9.8 10.5 14.7 35-44 8.9 8.5 8.9 2.9 9.7 45-54 6.9 7.0 7.4 1.5 6.8 55-64 4.4 3.9 4.1 0.8 5.5 65 and over 3.7 1.6 1.7 0.3 7.8 Not reported ***-*

Notes: * Less than 0.1 percent Source: National Statistics Office, October 2011 Labor Force Survey

TABLE 9 Number and Percent Distribution of Employed Persons by Highest Grade Completed by Region and Sex: October 2011

Highest Grade Completed No Grade Elementary High School College Region and Sex Total Completed Under- Graduate Under- Graduate Under- Graduate graduate graduate graduate

Philippines 38,550 623 5,753 5,600 5,462 10,204 5,263 5,644 Number (In thousands) Total 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 Male 60.3 63.4 70.2 62.6 65.6 60.4 59.2 43.3 Female 39.7 36.6 29.8 37.4 34.4 39.6 40.8 56.7

Notes: Details may not add up to totals due to rounding. Source: National Statistics Office, October 2011 Labor Force Survey

20 JOURNAL OF PHILIPPINE STATISTICS

TABLE 10 Percent Distribution of Employed Persons by Sex and Major Occupation Group: October 2011

Major Occupation Group Total Male Female

Philippines 38,550 23,241 15,308 Number (in thousands)

Total 100.0 100.0 100.0 Officials of government and special interest organizations, 13.9 11.1 18.3 Corporate executives, managers, managing proprietors and supervisors Professionals 4.6 2.5 7.8 Technicians and associate professionals 2.6 2.1 3.5 Clerks 5.5 3.5 8.5 Services workers and shop and market sales workers 11.6 9.2 15.3 Farmers, forestry workers and fishermen 15.0 21.2 5.8 Trade and related workers 7.2 9.4 3.9 Plant and machine operators and assemblers 5.9 8.7 1.8 Laborers and unskilled workers 33.2 31.9 35.1 Special occupations 0.4 0.5 0.3

Source: National Statistics Office, October 2011 Labor Force Survey

TABLE 11 Percent Distribution of Employed Persons by Sex and Major Industry Group: October 2011

Major Occupation Group Total Male Female

Philippines 38,550 23,241 15,308 Number (in thousands) Total 100.0 100.0 100.0 Agriculture, hunting and forestry 29.5 35.1 21.1 Fishing 3.9 5.8 0.9 Mining and quarrying 0.6 0.9 0.1 Manufacturing 8.2 7.4 9.4 Electricity, gas and water 0.4 0.5 0.2 Construction 5.4 8.7 0.3 Wholesale and retail trade; repair of motor vehicles 20.2 13.3 30.5 motorcycles, and personal and household goods Hotels and restaurants 3.1 2.3 4.4 Transport, storage, and communication 7.3 11.2 1.3 Financial intermediation 1.2 0.9 1.7 Real estate, renting, and business activities 3.5 3.7 3.1 Public administration and defense; compulsary social security 4.8 4.7 4.9 Education 3.1 1.3 5.8 Health and social work 1.2 0.6 2.1 Other community, social and personal service activities 2.5 2.1 3.0 Private households with employed persons 5.3 1.4 11.3 Extra-territorial organizations and bodies ***

Source: National Statistics Office, October 2011 Labor Force Survey

STATISTICS ON F ILIPINO WOMEN 21

TABLE 12 Number and Percent Distribution of Unemployed Persons by Highest Grade Completed by Sex and Age Group: October 2011

Highest Grade Completed No Grade Elementary High School College Region and Sex Total Completed Under- Graduate Under- Graduate Under- Graduate graduate graduate graduate

Philippines Both sexes 2,643 14 140 177 310 871 597 535 Number (in thousands) Total 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 15-24 49.5 27.4 38.6 38.6 57.5 55.5 47.5 44.6 25-34 30.1 32.2 13.7 15.6 22.6 27.7 36.3 40.5 35-44 9.9 14.1 16.5 13.5 9.1 8.9 9.1 9.9 45-54 6.3 9.8 10.9 16.2 6.4 5.5 5.9 3.5 55-64 3.3 4.1 14.2 12.8 3.9 2.1 1.1 1.1 65 and over 0.9 12.4 6.1 3.2 0.5 0.3 0.1 0.3 Not reported ------

Male 1,657 6 105 130 226 531 374 286 Number (in thousands) Total 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 15-24 45.1 32.8 41.1 38.9 55.2 50.9 41.1 36.0 25-34 31.3 45.2 15.6 15.8 23.3 30.0 38.5 43.3 35-44 11.2 0.0 15.0 13.5 9.4 9.1 11.5 13.7 45-54 7.7 9.4 10.9 16.2 6.7 7.0 7.3 5.0 55-64 4.0 5.0 12.8 12.9 4.7 2.8 1.3 1.7 65 and over 0.8 7.6 4.6 2.8 0.6 0.3 0.2 0.3 Not reported ------

Female 986 7 35 47 84 340 223 249 Number (in thousands) Total 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 15-24 57.1 23.0 30.9 38.0 63.6 62.6 58.2 54.6 25-34 28.1 21.5 8.0 15.3 20.8 24.2 32.5 37.4 35-44 7.7 25.8 20.9 13.6 8.1 8.5 5.1 5.4 45-54 4.1 10.1 10.7 16.3 5.6 3.3 3.5 1.9 55-64 2.1 3.3 18.6 12.7 1.6 1.0 0.8 0.5 65 and over 0.9 16.3 10.9 4.1 0.3 0.3 - 0.4 Not reported ------

Source: National Statistics Office, October 2011 Labor Force Survey

22 JOURNAL OF P HILIPPINE S TATISTICS

TABLE 13 Percent Distribution of Employed Persons by Sex and Class of Worker: October 2011

Major Occupation Group Total Male Female

Philippines 38,550 23,241 15,308 Number (in thousands)

Total 100.0 100.0 100.0 Wage and salary workers 54.9 56.3 52.7 Worked for private household 5.3 1.4 11.3 Worked for private establishment 41.2 48.1 30.8 Worked for government or government-controlled corporation 8.0 6.3 10.4 Worked with pay in own family-operated farm or business 0.4 0.4 0.3 Self employed without any paid employee 28.8 29.9 27.1 Employer in own family-operated farm or business 3.9 4.8 2.6 Worked without pay in own family-operated farm or business 12.4 9.0 17.7

Source: National Statistics Office, October 2011 Labor Force Survey

TABLE 14 Percent Distribution of Employed Persons by Broad Industry Group and by Class of Worker: October 2011

Class of Worker Wage Self-employed Employer in own Unpaid family Broad Industry Group Total and salary without any family-operated worker paid employee farm or business

Philippines 38,550 21,152 11,095 1,499 4,791 Number (in thousands) Both sexes 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 Agriculture 33.4 18.1 44.4 57.4 67.8 Industry 14.5 21.7 6.3 8.2 4.2 Services 52.1 60.2 49.4 34.4 28.0

Male 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 Agriculture 40.9 23.6 59.1 67.7 74.4 Industry 17.5 27.2 5.0 8.4 3.6 Services 41.6 49.2 35.9 23.9 22.0

Female 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 Agriculture 21.9 9.2 19.6 28.1 62.6 Industry 10 12.7 8.4 7.6 4.7 Services 68.1 78.1 72.0 64.3 32.7

Source: National Statistics Office, October 2011 Labor Force Survey

Section I – POPULATION AND HOUSING `

Cebu City Records characteristics. These information are vital for making rational plans and a Population of 799,762 programs for national and local (Results From the 2007 development. Census of Population) Using 12:01 in the morning of

August 1, 2007 as reference period, all

persons were enumerated in their usual

place of residence, which was the

geographic place (street, barangay, sitio,

municipality, or province) where the

persons usually reside.

Definition of Terms

Growth rate – the rate at which the population is increasing (or decreasing) in a given period due to natural increase and net migration expressed as a percentage of the base population

Household –- a social unit consisting of a person or a group of persons who sleep in the same housing

unit and have common arrangements in Introduction the preparation and consumption of food

In August 2007, the National Institutional Population – the Statistics Office (NSO) conducted the population enumerated in institutional 2007 Census of Population. This living quarters or institution such as jails nationwide undertaking was the 12 th or prisons, military camps, convents or population census conducted in the seminaries, mental hospitals, leprosaria, country. and the like

Like the previous censuses, the Total population –- the sum of 2007 Census of Population is designed household population and institutional to take an inventory of the total population population in the Philippines and to collect information about their Average household size –- characteristics. The census of population average number of persons who live in a is the source of information on the size household computed as household and distribution of the population as well population divided by the as information about the demographic, corresponding total number of social, economic, and cultural households in that area

23 24 JOURNAL OF PHILIPPINE STATISTICS

Sex ratio – ratio of males to terms of population size. Barangay females in a given population expressed Kalubihan (0.1%) remained at the bottom as the number of males per 100 females in 2007 (Table 1.1).

Median Age – age at which FIGURE 1 exactly half of the population is Top Ten Barangays: 2007 younger than this age and other half older M abolo 22,678 Punta Prinsesa 24,132 Overall dependency ratio – ratio Talamban 24,888 of persons in the dependent ages (under Inayawan 24,990 15 years old and over 64 years old) to persons in the working age (15 to 64 M ambaling 26,839 years old). Labangon 29,471 Barangay Tisa 32,059 Analysis of Tables Basak San Nicolas 33,608

Lahug (Pob.) 36,803

Population increases by 80,941 Guadalupe 47,956 persons 0 30,000 60,000 Cebu City had a total population Total Population of 799,762 persons as of August 1, 2007, which was larger by 11.3 percent compared to the census count of Sex ratio at 96 males per 100 females 718,821 persons as of May 1, 2000. These figures translated to an annual There were more females than population growth rate of 1.5 percent for males in the city in 2007 with a sex ratio the period 2000 to 2007. of 96 males for every 100 females. The same sex ratio was recorded in 2000 The household population of (Table 1.2). Cebu City in 2007 was 791,697 persons, an increase of 10.8 percent from 714,509 FIGURE 2 Age-Sex Pyramid persons in 2000. The number of of Household Population: 2007 households, meanwhile, increased by 80 and over 20.1 percent from 147,600 in 2000 to 75 - 79 177,197 in 2007. The average household 70 - 74 Male Female size in 2007 was 4.5 persons, lower than 65 - 69 the average household size of 4.8 A 60 - 64 persons in 2000 (Table 1.1). g 55 - 59 e 50 - 54 45 - 49 Barangay Guadalupe tops in terms of 40 - 44 g population size 35 - 39 r 30 - 34 o Among the 80 barangays of Cebu 25 - 29 u City, barangay Guadalupe had the 20 - 24 p 15 - 19 biggest population size in 2007, 10 - 14 comprising 6.0 percent of the total 5 - 9 population of the city. This was followed 0 - 4 by barangays Lahug (4.6%) and Basak 765432101234567 San Nicolas (4.2%). These were also the Percent to total household population top three barangays in the city in 2000 in

POPULATION AND H OUSING 25

Median age increases to 23 years household population belonged to the working-age population (15 to 64 years). In 2007, the median age of the The young dependents (under 15 years) household population of the city was 23 comprised 30.3 percent and the old years, which means that half of the dependents (65 years and over), 3.6 household population were below 23 percent. years old. This is higher when compared to median age of 22 years in 2000. The overall dependency ratio of Cebu City in 2007 was 51.3, down from Children in the ages 0 to 4 years 57.1 in 2000. This means that for every accounted for 10.8 percent of the total 100 persons in the working-age household population; those in age population in 2007, there were 51 groups 5 to 9 years and 10 to 14 years dependents (46 young dependents and 5 comprised 10.0 percent and 9.6 percent, old dependents) (Table 1.2). respectively. Together, the age group 0 to 14 years comprised 30.3 percent of There are more females in all marital the household population. On the other status categories hand, the proportions of age groups 15 to 19 years and 20 to 24 years were Of the household population 10 recorded at 11.9 percent and 11.2 years old and over, 48.2 percent were percent, respectively. These figures are never-married while 40.2 percent were higher as compared to the younger age married. The remaining proportion were groups, probably because Cebu City is a either widowed, divorced or separated, highly urbanized city where students and had common-law or live-in marital workers from other places tend to arrangement, or with no report on marital migrate to. status. Females outnumbered their male counterparts in all of the categories for There were more males than marital status (Table 1.3). females in age groups under 15 years, while females outnumbered their male Female academic-degree holders counterparts in the rest of the age more than males brackets (Table 1.2). Approximately 27.0 percent of the Sixty-three percent are of voting age household population 5 years old and over had attended or completed The size of the voting-age elementary education, 32.5 percent had population (18 years old and over) of reached or finished high school, 12.9 Cebu City in 2007 was 497,219 percent were college undergraduates, accounting for about 62.8 percent of the and 14.6 percent were academic-degree household population. The voting-age holders. population recorded in 2000 was 434,342 or 60.8 percent of the household Meanwhile, there were more population. The females outnumbered female academic-degree holders (52.8%) the males as they comprised 52.0 than males (47.2%). Similarly, among percent of the total voting population in those persons with post baccalaureate 2007 (Table 1.2). degrees, there were more females than males (51.6% females and 48.4% males) Dependents decrease to 51 persons (Table 1.4). per 100 persons in the working-age population Three in five attend school

About two-thirds (66.1%) of the More than three-fifths (60.7%) of 26 JOURNAL OF PHILIPPINE STATISTICS

the household population 5 to 24 years from approved building permits relate to old attended school during School Year data on new constructions and additions, 2007 to 2008. School attendance was alterations, and repairs of residential and higher among males (50.8%) than non-residential buildings and other among females (49.2%) during the said structures undertaken in all regions and school year (Table 1.5). provinces of the country.

Occupied housing units increase by Source of Information 20.1 percent Data were taken from the original In 2007, there were 171,040 application forms of approved building occupied housing units in Cebu City. This permits collected by NSO field personnel is 20.1 percent higher than the number of from local building officials nationwide. occupied housing units recorded in 2000. A ratio of 104 households per 100 Limitations occupied housing units was recorded in 2007. The same ratio was observed in Data on private building 2000. Moreover, the number of persons constructions refer to those proposed to per occupied housing unit was 4.6 be constructed or construction work persons in 2007, lower than the ratio of started during the reference period and 5.0 persons per occupied housing unit in not to construction work completed 2000 (Table 1.6). during the reference period.

Most of the housing units have outer The completeness of the number walls made of half of building permits collected relies on the concrete/brick/stone and half wood, applications filed and approved by the and roofs made of galvanized Offices of Local Building Officials (LBOs). iron/aluminum Hence, private building constructions without approved building permits are not Among the 171,040 occupied included in the tabulation of data. housing units in Cebu City, 39.0 percent had outer walls made of half Definition of Terms concrete/brick/stone and half wood, while 92.8 percent had roofs made of Building permit – a written authorization galvanized iron/aluminum. In 2000, the granted by the LBO to an applicant largest proportion of occupied housing allowing him to proceed with the units had outer walls made of wood construction of a specific project after (35.2%), while most had roofs made of plans, specifications, and other pertinent galvanized iron/aluminum (88.2%) (Table documents have been found to be in 1.6). conformity with the National Building Code (PD 1096)

Private Building Building - any independent, free Construction Statistics standing structure comprising of one or Third Quarter 2010 more rooms or other spaces, covered by a roof and enclosed with external walls or (Preliminary Results) dividing walls, which extend the foundation to the roof Scope and Coverage Residential building – a building for Private construction statistics which its major parts or more than half of

POPULATION AND H OUSING 27

its gross floor area is built for dwelling poles, and telephone poles purposes; this type of building can be of the single type, duplex, an apartment Floor area of building – the sum of the and/or accessoria, and residential area of each floor of the building condominium measured to the outer surface of the outer walls including the area of lobbies, Single house – a complete structure cellars, elevator shafts, and all communal intended for a single family spaces in multidwellings; areas of balconies are excluded Duplex – a structure intended for two households with complete living facilities Total value of construction – the sum for each; a single structure divided into of the cost of building, electrical, two dwelling units by a wall extending mechanical, plumbing, and others; the from the floor to the ceiling value is derived from the approved building permit and represents the Apartment – a structure, usually of two estimated value of the building or storeys, made up of independent living structure when completed. quarters, with independent entrances from internal walls and courts Analysis of Tables

Accessoria – a one-or two-floor Number of construction projects structure divided into several dwelling drops by 9.2 percent units, each dwelling unit having its own separate entrance from the outside FIGURE 3 Number of Construction Projects

by Type of Construction Residential condominium – a structure, Third Quarter 2009 and 2010 usually of several storeys, consisting of 25,000 multiple dwelling units 2010 19,543 20,000 Other residential constructions – 17,618 2009 consist of school or company staff 15,000 houses, living quarters for drivers and maids, and guardhouses 10,000 Number Non-residential building – this type 3,751 5,000 3,138 3,103 3,214 includes commercial, industrial, agricultural, and institutional buildings 0 Residential Non-residential Additions, alterations/ repair Additions or alterations and repairs – Type of building construction works by which the utility of building or structure is raised or at least The total number of building renewed, or which materially extends the construction projects all over the country normal life of the building or structure was recorded at 23,970 during the third quarter of 2010, representing 9.2 percent Demolitions – the systematic drop from the 26,397 construction dismantling or destruction of a building or projects recorded during the same period structure or in part of 2009.

Street furniture –- street structures Residential type building with consisting of monuments, waiting sheds, 17,618 new constructions went down by benches, plant boxes, lampposts, electric 9.9 percent from 19,543 during the same 28 JOURNAL OF PHILIPPINE STATISTICS

quarter of 2009 while non-residential At the provincial level, Cavite constructions went up slightly by 1.1 reported the biggest share to total percent to 3,138 from 3,103 during the construction with 2,180 construction same period of last year. projects or 9.1 percent of the total construction during the third quarter of Furthermore, additions, 2010. Other provinces exceeding a alterations and repairs aggregating to thousand marks were Laguna with 1,238 3,214 dropped by 14.3 percent from (5.2%), Rizal with 1,074 (4.5%), 3,751 constructions recorded during the Batangas with 1,054 (4.4%), and Cebu same quarter of 2009. Figure 1 with 1,011 (4.2%). compares the number of new construction projects by type of Value of construction rises by 25.1 construction for the third quarters of 2009 percent and 2010. Total value of construction Among the regions, projects during the third quarter of 2010 CALABARZON recorded the highest grew 25.1 percent to PhP46.3 billion from number of new building construction PhP37.0 billion recorded during the same projects with 5,971 or 24.9 percent of the quarter of 2009. total. National Capital Region (NCR) ranked second with 3,614 construction Value of new residential building projects or 15.1 percent of the total, constructions posted an increase of 33.3 followed by Central Luzon with 2,406 percent amounting to PhP24.6 billion constructions (10.0%). Central Visayas from PhP18.4 billion during the same and Davao Region ranked fourth and fifth quarter of 2009. with 2,106 (8.8%) and 1,999 (8.3%) construction projects, respectively (Table Similarly, value of new non- 1.7). residential building constructions climbed

14.5 percent amounting to PhP18.1 FIGURE 4 Distribution of Construction Projects billion from PhP15.8 billion registered

by Region: Second Quarter 2010 during the same quarter of 2009.

PHILIPPINES = 23,970 Moreover, combined value for additions, alterations and repairs, CAR = 260 (1.1 %) estimated at PhP3.6 billion, jumped by 30.6 percent from PhP2.8 billion Region 1 = 1,552 (6.5 %) registered during the same period of Region 2 = 504 (2.1 %) Region 3 = 2,406 (10.0 %) 2009. Region 4A = 5,971 (24.9%) NCR = 3,614 (15.1 %) Region 5 = Regionwise, value of construction Region 4B = 472 (2.0%) 872 (3.6%) Region 8 = for NCR consistently remained highest at Region 6 = 529 (2.2%) PhP24.0 billion, accounting for 51.9 1,043 (4.4%) Region 10 = 1,199 (5.0%) percent share of the total value. CALABARZON, and Central Luzon Region 7 = Region 11 = 2,106 (8.8%) 1,999 (8.3%) ranked a far second and third with Region 9 = CARAGA = respective shares of 13.7 percent 666 (2.8%) 327 (1.4%) (PhP6.3 billion) and 7.6 percent (PhP3.5 ARMM= billion). This was followed by Central 0 (0.0%) Region 12 = 450 (1.9%) Visayas and Davao Region with construction value of PhP2.5 billion and PhP1.9 billion, respectively (Table 1.7).

POPULATION AND H OUSING 29

91.0 percent of the total. Total value of FIGURE 5 Value of Construction by Type construction for this type amounted to Third Quarter 2009-2010 PhP12.1 billion covering a total floor area 30 of 1.6 million square meters translating to

24.6 2010 an average cost of PhP7,438 per square 25 2009 meter.

20 18.4 18.1 Apartment/accessoria followed 15.8 next with 1,236 constructions or 7.0 15 percent of total residential construction. 10 This type of residential construction had an estimated construction value of

Value (In billion pesos) 3.6 5 2.8 PhP2.7 billion with total floor area of 390.2 thousand square meters or an 0 average cost of PhP6,812 per square Residential Non-residential Additions, meter (Table 1.8 and Figure 6). alterations/repair

Type of building Average cost of non-residential construction is PhP9,406 per square Average cost of residential meter construction is PhP8,811 per square meter During the third quarter of 2010, total value of non-residential construction Total value of residential building was estimated at PhP18.1 billion pesos construction reached PhP24.6 billion with with a total floor area of 1.9 million a total floor area of 2.8 million square square meters. This translates to an meters, translating to an average cost of average cost of PhP9,406 per square PhP8,811 per square meter. meter.

FIGURE 6 Number and Value of Residential Construction by Type Commercial type building Third Quarter 2010 dominated all other types of non-

In thousand In billion pesos residential construction with 1,821 or 58.2 percent of the total. Total value of 20 2.0 24 construction for this type was estimated Others 7.0 at PhP11.0 billion covering a total floor 20 16 area of 1.2 million square meters or an 40.2 average cost of PhP9,394 per square 16 meter. 12 Apartment/ Accessoria Institutional building construction, 12 10.8 which ranked a far second, had 586 or 91.0 8 18.7 percent of the total non-residential 8 construction, construction value of Single PHP4.9 billion and a total floor area of 4 Type 49.0 4 412.6 thousand square meters or an average cost of PhP11,870 per square meter. 0 0 Number Value The least number of non- Single type residential units residential constructions was reported for recorded the most number of residential agricultural type with 118 or 3.8 percent building constructions with 16,038 or of the total. Construction value for this 30 JOURNAL OF PHILIPPINE STATISTICS

FIGURE 7 Number and Value of Non -Residential Construction by Type Third Quarter 2010

Number Value

2,000 14 1,821 12 11.0

1,500 10

8 1,000 6 4.9 586 4 500 (In Value billion pesos) 334 1.7 279 2 118 0.3 0.2 - 0 Commercial Institutional Industrial Others Agricultural Commercial Institutional Others Industrial Agricultural Type of Building Type of Building type was estimated at PhP0.2 billion covering a total floor area of 75.3 thousand square meters, reflecting an average cost of PhP2,548 per square meter (Table 1.9 and Figure 7).

POPULATION AND H OUSING 31

TABLE 1.1 Total Population, Household Population, and Number of Households of Top 10 Barangays: 2007

Total Household Number Barangay Population Population of Households

Cebu City 799,762 791,697 177,197 Guadalupe 47,956 47,769 10,937 Lahug (Pob.) 36,803 36,654 8,127 Basak San Nicolas 33,608 33,608 6,931 Tisa 32,059 32,044 6,724 Labangon 29,471 29,164 6,519 Mambaling 26,839 26,769 5,874 Inayawan 24,990 24,955 5,157 Talamban 24,888 24,475 5,334 Punta Prinsesa 24,132 23,989 5,284 Mabolo 22,678 22,637 5,264

Source: National Statistics Office, 2007 Census of Population

TABLE 1.2 Household Population by Age Group and Sex and Sex Ratio by Age Group: 2007

Age Group Both Sexes Male Female Sex Ratio

Total 791,697 388,654 403,043 96.4

Under 1 17,240 9,061 8,179 110.8 1-4 68,067 35,038 33,029 106.1 5-9 79,161 41,061 38,100 107.8 10-14 75,786 38,865 36,921 105.3 15-19 93,974 44,088 49,886 88.4 20-24 88,687 42,237 46,450 90.9 25-29 76,063 37,253 38,810 96.0 30-34 58,533 29,029 29,504 98.4 35-39 52,493 26,075 26,418 98.7 40-44 44,441 21,786 22,655 96.2 45-49 38,561 19,050 19,511 97.6 50-54 31,645 15,186 16,459 92.3 55-59 23,387 11,143 12,244 91.0 60-64 15,463 7,167 8,296 86.4 65-69 11,300 4,946 6,354 77.8 70-74 7,854 3,241 4,613 70.3 75-79 4,747 1,908 2,839 67.2 80 and over 4,295 1,520 2,775 54.8

Source: National Statistics Office, 2007 Census of Population

32 JOURNAL OF PHILIPPINE S TATISTICS

TABLE 1.3 Household Population 10 Years Old and Over by Marital Status and Sex: 2007

Marital Status Both Sexes Male Female

Total 627,229 303,494 323,735 Single 302,088 150,669 151,419 Married 252,023 124,528 127,495 Widowed 23,687 5,341 18,346 Divorced/Separated 8,066 2,601 5,465 Common Law/Live-in 38,889 19,252 19,637 Unknown 2,476 1,103 1,373

Source: National Statistics Office, 2007 Census of Population

TABLE 1.4 Household Population Five Years Old and Over by Highest Educational Attainment and Sex: 2007

Highest Educational Attainment Both Sexes Male Female

Total 706,390 344,555 361,835 No grade completed 30,245 15,776 14,469 Preschool 15,451 8,266 7,185 Elementary 192,036 97,346 94,690 High school 229,514 107,900 121,614 Post secondary 13,435 6,831 6,604 College undergraduate 91,024 44,573 46,451 Academic degree holder 103,470 48,816 54,654 Post baccalaureate 1,716 831 885 Not stated 29,499 14,216 15,283

Source: National Statistics Office, 2007 Census of Population

POPULATION AND H OUSING 33

TABLE 1.5 Household Population Five to 24 Years Old Who Were Attending School by Sex and Age Group: 2007

Household Household Population Population Sex 5 to 24 5 to 24 Years Years Old Old Who Were Age Group Attending School 5-9 10-14 15-19 20-24

Total 337,608 205,085 66,138 67,828 53,957 17,162 Male 166,251 104,220 33,923 34,415 26,608 9,274 Female 171,357 100,865 32,215 33,413 27,349 7,888

Source: National Statistics Office, 2007 Census of Population

TABLE 1.6 Occupied Housing Units by Construction Materials of the Roof and Outer Walls: 2007

Construction Materials of the Roof Galvanized Iron/ Tile/ Half Wood Cogon/ Construction Aluminum Concrete/ Galvanized Nipa/ Materials of the Total Occupied Clay Tile Iron Anahaw Outer Walls Housing Units and Half Concrete

Total 171,040 158,714 1,431 5,723 2,091 1,402 Concrete/brick/ stone 38,916 37,146 987 576 99 7 Wood 51,569 48,282 171 1,265 1,282 407 Half concrete/ brick/ stone and half wood 66,697 62,326 245 3,516 485 44 Galvanized iron/ aluminum 1,225 978 9 174 54 5 Bamboo/sawali/ cogon/nipa 9,364 8,062 - 140 155 898 Asbestos 11 9 - - - - Glass 36 29 5 2 - - Makeshift/ salvaged/ improvised material 1,630 1,238 - 20 6 27 Others/ not reported 1,365 466 13 11 2 10 No walls 227 178 1 19 8 4

Continued

34 JOURNAL OF PHILIPPINE S TATISTICS

Table 1.6 -- Concluded

Construction Materials of the Roof Construction Makeshift/ Asbestos/ Not Materials of the Salvaged/ Others Reported Outer Walls Improvised Materials

Total 440 249 990 Concrete/brick/ stone 4 64 33 Wood 46 51 65 Half concrete/ brick/ stone and half wood 8 7 66 Galvanized iron/ aluminum 2 1 2 Bamboo/sawali/ cogon/nipa 37 66 6 Asbestos - 1 1 Glass --- Makeshift/ salvaged/ improvised material 329 9 1 Others/ not reported 5 42 816 No walls 9 8 -

Source: National Statistics Office, 2007 Census of Population

POPULATION AND H OUSING 35

TABLE 1.7 Number, Floor Area, and Value of Building Construction by Type of Building and by Region: Third Quarter 2010 (Floor Area in Square Meters, Value in Thousand Pesos)

Total Residential Nonresidential Region Num- Floor Num- Floor Num- Floor ber AreaValue ber AreaValue ber Area Value

Philippines 23,970 4,895,478 46,278,887 17,618 2,790,054 24,582,474 3,138 1,919,670 18,055,823 NCR 3,614 2,011,289 24,000,794 1,896 1,159,304 13,120,632 485 798,024 9,060,622 CAR 260 74,543 616,491 146 29,724 254,077 70 42,425 320,946 I -Ilocos Region 1,552 186,952 1,507,743 1,204 119,388 855,199 245 61,568 579,352 II -Cagayan Valley 504 78,137 459,120 374 44,671 244,771 87 33,128 198,947 III -Central Luzon 2,406 415,978 3,496,321 1,757 217,636 1,554,088 360 187,126 1,684,539 IVA - CALABARZON 5,971 836,552 6,347,590 4,671 517,673 3,881,876 481 259,560 1,851,893 IVB-MIMAROPA 872 93,093 652,082 773 66,653 444,389 82 25,314 187,261 V -Bicol Region 472 67,573 441,092 378 49,628 300,068 51 17,381 92,920 VI -Western Visayas 1,043 184,916 1,679,816 805 107,934 872,403 168 73,550 566,733 VII - Central Visayas 2,106 338,594 2,474,053 1,628 187,717 1,157,539 365 139,815 1,183,401 VIII -Eastern Visayas 529 74,888 543,024 337 38,729 267,806 103 22,642 147,254 IX -Zamboanga Peninsula 327 29,912 234,695 267 15,983 66,834 41 13,236 161,067 X -Northern Mindanao 1,199 121,324 831,383 1,005 66,959 434,130 138 52,540 345,305 XI -Davao Region 1,999 214,709 1,909,651 1,570 95,377 663,600 253 109,104 1,129,169 XII -SOCCSKSARGEN 450 72,942 461,697 274 28,772 210,744 104 35,348 189,286 XIII-Caraga 666 94,076 623,327 533 43,906 254,309 105 48,909 357,119 ARMM ------

Alterations Additions or Repairs Demolitions Street Furniture Num- Floor Num- Num- Num- ber AreaValue berValue ber Value ber Value

Philippines 1,082 185,754 1,058,043 2,132 2,582,546 77 9,141 258 151,899 NCR 235 53,961 344,081 998 1,475,458 69 6,829 58 26,820 CAR 16 2,394 18,057 28 23,411 - - 1 1,340 I -Ilocos Region 44 5,996 38,192 59 34,998 1 750 46 12,258 II-Cagayan Valley 6 338 2,616 37 12,785 - - - - III - Central Luzon 88 11,216 76,796 201 180,896 1 50 19 20,755 IVA - CALABARZON 491 59,319 289,261 328 324,558 1 330 45 28,519 IVB - MIMAROPA 5 1,126 7,323 12 13,108 - - 2 1,110 V-Bicol Region 2 564 5,245 41 42,857 - - - - VI - Western Visayas 16 3,432 31,864 54 208,814 3 20 34 25,480 VII - Central Visayas 32 11,062 77,058 81 56,053 - - 18 7,544 VIII - Eastern Visayas 20 13,517 75,587 69 52,375 - - 11 1,601 IX-Zamboanga Peninsula 8 693 2,183 11 4,609 - - 1 20 X - Northern Mindanao 17 1,825 11,873 39 40,074 - - 3 930 XI - Davao Region 63 10,228 49,190 113 67,690 - - 14 5,434 XII - SOCCSKSARGEN 25 8,822 22,730 47 38,935 1 771 1 414 XIII - Caraga 14 1,261 5,979 14 5,918 1 390 5 19,669 ARMM ------Source: National Statistics Office, Private Building Construction Statistics

36 JOURNAL OF PHILIPPINE S TATISTICS

TABLE 1.8 Number of New Residential Building Construction Started, Floor Area and Value of Construction by Type of Building and by Region: Third Quarter 2010 (Floor Area in Square Meters, Value in Thousand Pesos)

Total Single Duplex/Quadruplex Region Num- Floor Num- Floor Num- Floor ber AreaValue ber AreaValue ber Area Value

Philippines 17,618 2,790,054 24,582,474 16,038 1,620,513 12,053,484 252 50,956 370,963 NCR 1,896 1,159,304 13,120,632 1,423 296,838 2,487,443 45 12,421 112,615 CAR 146 29,724 254,077 130 22,062 200,112 5 629 9,012 I -Ilocos Region 1,204 119,388 855,199 1,171 109,710 780,548 15 4,300 26,213 II -Cagayan Valley 374 44,671 244,771 348 30,553 209,592 - - - III -Central Luzon 1,757 217,636 1,554,088 1,548 170,315 1,282,855 27 2,695 23,450 IVA -CALABARZON 4,671 517,673 3,881,876 4,096 355,799 2,888,109 110 21,636 124,973 IVB-MIMAROPA 773 66,653 444,389 767 65,272 431,296 1 117 1,132 V -Bicol Region 378 49,628 300,068 369 47,962 287,701 1 55 293 VI -Western Visayas 805 107,934 872,403 790 102,022 833,182 5 876 6,121 VII - Central Visayas 1,628 187,717 1,157,539 1,515 157,845 966,703 25 5,939 51,138 VIII - Eastern Visayas 337 38,729 267,806 301 29,440 213,736 6 557 2,267 IX -Zamboanga Peninsula 267 15,983 66,834 267 15,983 66,834 - - - X -Northern Mindanao 1,005 66,959 434,130 979 59,098 368,820 2 97 240 XI -Davao Region 1,570 95,377 663,600 1,552 90,660 619,271 4 435 5,781 XII - SOCCSKSARGEN 274 28,772 210,744 261 26,646 198,070 3 846 6,508 XIII-Caraga 533 43,906 254,309 521 40,308 219,205 3 353 1,215 ARMM ------

Apartment/Accessoria Residential Condominium Others Num- Floor Num- Floor Num- Floor ber AreaValue ber AreaValue ber Area Value

Philippines 1,236 390,224 2,658,023 24 710,165 9,430,670 68 18,196 69,330 NCR 397 148,633 1,222,520 22 700,489 9,290,482 9 923 7,570 CAR 10 6,943 44,652 - - - 1 90 299 I -Ilocos Region 15 5,295 47,774 - - - 3 83 664 II -Cagayan Valley 20 4,118 32,155 - - - 6 10,000 3,023 III-Central Luzon 177 44,097 242,339 - - - 5 529 5,442 IVA -CALABARZON 453 129,929 725,499 2 9,676 140,187 10 633 3,105 IVB -MIMAROPA 5 1,264 11,960 ------V-Bicol Region 2 545 2,891 - - - 6 1,066 9,182 VI-Western Visayas 10 5,036 33,099 ------VII -Central Visayas 82 23,386 136,206 - - 6 547 3,491 VIII-Eastern Visayas 18 6,287 31,317 - - - 12 2,445 20,485 IX-Zamboanga Peninsula ------X -Northern Mindanao 19 7,045 59,081 - - - 5 719 5,988 XI-Davao Region 13 3,862 34,211 - - - 1 420 4,335 XII-SOCCSKSARGEN 8 1,040 5,221 - - - 2 240 944 XIII-Caraga 7 2,744 29,091 - - - 2 501 4,797 ARMM ------Source: National Statistics Office, Private Building Construction Statistics

POPULATION AND H OUSING 37

TABLE 1.9 Number of New Non-Residential Building Construction Started, Floor Area and Value of Construction by Type of Building and by Region: Third Quarter 2010 (Floor Area in Square Meters, Value in Thousand Pesos)

Total Commercial Industrial Region Num- Floor Num- Floor Num- Floor ber AreaValue ber Area Value ber Area Value

Philippines 3,138 1,919,670 18,055,823 1,821 1,168,224 10,974,549 334 263,502 1,712,561 NCR 485 798,024 9,060,622 288 597,336 5,850,491 54 75,748 694,222 CAR 70 42,425 320,946 37 13,856 112,513 - - - I -Ilocos Region 245 61,568 579,352 149 29,525 335,765 24 12,462 47,671 II -Cagayan Valley 87 33,128 198,947 48 15,993 90,413 13 6,610 30,894 III -Central Luzon 360 187,126 1,684,539 199 82,981 951,266 49 48,445 241,972 IVA-CALABARZON 481 259,560 1,851,893 272 103,555 772,675 58 57,495 348,466 IVB-MIMAROPA 82 25,314 187,261 55 13,067 96,059 7 1,478 10,840 V -Bicol Region 51 17,381 92,920 41 15,638 80,980 2 228 1,706 VI -Western Visayas 168 73,550 566,733 106 45,012 356,182 15 11,084 41,738 VII -Central Visayas 365 139,815 1,183,401 175 86,912 747,065 34 20,475 148,509 VIII-Eastern Visayas 103 22,642 147,254 53 12,956 72,985 8 3,208 18,152 IX -Zamboanga Peninsula 41 13,236 161,067 26 6,185 44,258 4 895 5,927 X -Northern Mindanao 138 52,540 345,305 85 27,022 166,306 9 3,666 22,229 XI -Davao Region 253 109,104 1,129,169 151 70,342 900,637 37 15,322 76,801 XII -SOCCSKSARGEN 104 35,348 189,286 66 23,483 132,022 11 3,946 17,617 XIII-Caraga 105 48,909 357,119 70 24,361 264,927 9 2,440 5,809 ARMM ------

Institutional Agricultural Others Num- Floor Num- Floor Num- ber AreaValue ber Area Value ber Value

Philippines 586 412,620 4,897,608 118 75,324 191,916 279 279,188 NCR 62 124,940 2,445,992 - - - 81 69,916 CAR 29 25,703 202,133 4 2,866 6,299 - - I -Ilocos Region 32 12,653 151,376 15 6,928 27,401 25 17,136 II -Cagayan Valley 16 8,689 69,621 1 1,836 3,672 9 4,345 III -Central Luzon 68 39,752 424,448 24 15,948 46,096 20 20,755 IVA -CALABARZON 77 77,036 591,304 20 21,474 64,994 54 74,453 IVB -MIMAROPA 17 10,457 77,058 2 312 304 1 3,000 V-Bicol Region 5 957 6,733 2 558 2,774 1 724 VI-Western Visayas 22 17,358 155,647 1 96 219 24 12,945 VII-Central Visayas 119 25,847 228,277 14 6,581 6,318 23 53,230 VIII-Eastern Visayas 30 5,284 46,751 8 1,194 4,618 4 4,745 IX-Zamboanga Peninsula 9 6,156 110,074 - - - 2 808 X -Northern Mindanao 23 11,139 143,509 15 10,713 10,597 6 2,662 XI-Davao Region 40 21,898 138,778 6 1,542 7,675 19 5,277 XII-SOCCSKSARGEN 17 4,953 26,784 2 2,966 4,839 8 8,023 XIII-Caraga 20 19,798 79,115 4 2,310 6,103 2 1,162 ARMM ------Source: National Statistics Office, Private Building Construction Statistics

38 JOURNAL OF PHILIPPINE S TATISTICS

TABLE 1.10 Number of New Commercial Building Construction Started, Floor Area and Value of Construction by Type of Building and by Region: Third Quarter 2010 (Floor Area in Square Meters, Value in Thousand Pesos)

Total Banks Hotel/Motel, etc Region Num- Floor Num- Floor Num- Floor ber AreaValue ber AreaValue ber Area Value

Philippines 1,821 1,168,224 10,974,549 48 19,549 120,209 245 112,239 1,193,844 NCR 288 597,336 5,850,491 5 11,191 31,708 19 17,199 114,481 CAR 37 13,856 112,513 - - - 17 10,811 75,858 I -Ilocos Region 149 29,525 335,765 3 524 5,236 37 4,743 40,625 II -Cagayan Valley 48 15,993 90,413 1 122 2,624 1 450 2,228 III -Central Luzon 199 82,981 951,266 16 617 7,844 11 8,820 68,618 IVA-CALABARZON 272 103,555 772,675 5 2,028 27,815 20 9,863 72,622 IVB-MIMAROPA 55 13,067 96,059 2 405 3,821 18 1,979 18,894 V -Bicol Region 41 15,638 80,980 - - - 4 610 4,500 VI -Western Visayas 106 45,012 356,182 7 1,326 11,903 30 5,957 42,119 VII -Central Visayas 175 86,912 747,065 2 443 3,034 32 8,415 69,302 VIII-Eastern Visayas 53 12,956 72,985 - - - 6 1,448 9,871 IX -Zamboanga Peninsula 26 6,185 44,258 2 1,090 12,360 3 1,637 7,702 X -Northern Mindanao 85 27,022 166,306 2 809 6,536 15 1,672 10,627 XI -Davao Region 151 70,342 900,637 2 490 5,521 22 33,131 611,604 XII -SOCCSKSARGEN 66 23,483 132,022 1 504 1,802 6 3,484 36,488 XIII-Caraga 70 24,361 264,927 - - - 4 2,020 8,299 ARMM ------

Condominium/Office Building Store Others Num- Floor Num- Floor Num- Floor ber AreaValue ber Area Value ber Area Value

Philippines 394 731,810 7,433,953 746 200,377 1,453,746 388 104,249 772,794 NCR 128 496,543 5,245,150 77 40,301 205,729 59 32,102 253,421 CAR - - - 13 2,020 28,819 7 1,025 7,835 I - Ilocos Region 10 9,165 177,065 68 9,153 68,966 31 5,940 43,870 II - Cagayan Valley 17 5,804 45,377 18 7,919 24,272 11 1,698 15,909 III - Central Luzon 38 43,580 665,475 96 14,177 82,678 38 15,787 126,650 IVA - CALABARZON 59 46,333 304,693 105 30,346 266,138 83 14,985 101,404 IVB - MIMAROPA 13 5,676 51,138 15 3,325 15,772 7 1,682 6,431 V - Bicol Region 17 11,212 55,359 13 2,327 15,342 7 1,489 5,777 VI - Western Visayas 15 21,667 174,855 40 13,110 93,738 14 2,952 33,566 VII - Central Visayas 21 55,762 525,797 91 14,641 95,794 29 7,651 53,136 VIII - Eastern Visayas 1 38 309 36 9,848 53,699 10 1,622 9,105 IX - Zamboanga Peninsula 2 579 4,122 14 2,060 15,461 5 819 4,612 X - Northern Mindanao 16 9,537 68,206 36 12,347 54,391 16 2,657 26,543 XI - Davao Region 38 10,548 66,810 56 20,738 180,289 33 5,435 36,410 XII - SOCCSKSARGEN 15 11,346 36,677 26 4,879 28,450 18 3,270 28,602 XIII - Caraga 4 4,020 12,912 42 13,186 224,200 20 5,135 19,515 ARMM ------Source: National Statistics Office, Private Building Construction Statistics

POPULATION AND H OUSING 39

TABLE 1.11 Number of New Industrial Building Construction Started, Floor Area and Value of Construction by Type of Building and by Region: Third Quarter 2010 (Floor Area in Square Meters, Value in Thousand Pesos)

Total Factory Repair Shop/Machine Shop Region Num- Floor Num- Floor Num- Floor ber AreaValue ber Area Value ber Area Value

Philippines 334 263,502 1,712,561 74 78,775 863,993 22 3,438 14,208 NCR 54 75,748 694,222 9 16,054 425,071 2 193 834 CAR ------I - Ilocos Region 24 12,462 47,671 2 132 1,294 3 780 1,463 II - Cagayan Valley 13 6,610 30,894 1 80 365 1 39 243 III - Central Luzon 49 48,445 241,972 11 13,996 99,059 4 729 4,913 IVA - CALABARZON 58 57,495 348,466 20 32,329 256,437 - - - IVB - MIMAROPA ------V - Bicol Region 2 228 1,706 1 180 1,406 - - - VI - Western Visayas 15 11,084 41,738 2 1,758 4,918 2 279 1,508 VII - Central Visayas 34 20,475 148,509 11 5,439 29,864 2 67 288 VIII - Eastern Visayas 8 3,208 18,152 - - - 1 288 2,801 IX - Zamboanga Peninsula 4 895 5,927 2 594 3,357 - - - X - Northern Mindanao 9 3,666 22,229 ------XI - Davao Region 37 15,322 76,801 15 8,213 42,218 4 175 298 XII - SOCCSKSARGEN 11 3,946 17,617 - - - 2 725 1,696 XIII - Caraga 9 2,440 5,809 - - - 1 163 160 ARMM ------

Refinery Printing Press Others Num- Floor Num- Floor Num- Floor ber AreaValue ber Area Value ber Area Value

Philippines 2 1,157 14,860 3 4,013 13,477 233 176,119 806,021 NCR ------43 59,501 268,317 CAR ------I - Ilocos Region ------19 11,550 44,913 II - Cagayan Valley ------11 6,491 30,285 III - Central Luzon ------34 33,720 137,999 IVA - CALABARZON - - - 1 3,179 3,335 37 21,987 88,693 IVB -MIMAROPA ------V-Bicol Region ------1 48 300 VI - Western Visayas ------11 9,047 35,311 VII - Central Visayas 1 133 12,087 - - - 20 14,836 106,269 VIII - Eastern Visayas ------7 2,920 15,351 IX - Zamboanga Peninsula ------2 301 2,569 X - Northern Mindanao 1 1,024 2,772 - - - 8 2,642 19,457 XI - Davao Region - - - 1 637 8,828 17 6,297 25,455 XII - SOCCSKSARGEN - - - 1 197 1,313 8 3,024 14,607 XIII - Caraga ------4 2,938 2,986 ARMM ------8 2,277 5,649 - Source: National Statistics Office, Private Building Construction Statistics

Section II - LABOR AND EMPLOYMENT

` Labor Force Survey Labor force – the population 15 October 2010 years old and over which contributes to the production of goods and services in the country; comprises the employed and unemployed

Employed – persons in the labor force who are reported as either at work or with a job or business although not at work; persons at work are those who did some work, even for an hour during the reference period

Unemployed – persons in the labor force who have no job or business during the reference period and are reportedly looking for work; their desire to work is sincere and they are, therefore, serious about working; also included are Concepts and Definitions persons without a job or business who are reportedly not looking for work The Labor Force Survey (LFS) is because of the belief that no work was a nationwide survey of households available or because of temporary illness, conducted quarterly by the National bad weather, or other valid reasons Statistics Office (NSO) to gather data on demographic and socioeconomic Underemployed – employed characteristics of the population. Data persons who express the desire to have presented are based on the preliminary additional hours of work in their present results of the October 2010 round of the job or an additional job, or have a new job LFS. with longer working hours

For comparative purposes, aside Labor force participation rate from the October 2010 results, the (LFPR) – ratio of total labor force to the textual tables presented herein contain total household population 15 years old final estimates of the survey conducted in and over October 2009. Employment rate – proportion of The reference period used in the employed persons to the total labor force survey is the past seven days preceding the date of visit of the enumerator. Unemployment rate – proportion of unemployed persons to the total labor force The concepts and definitions used in the survey can be found in the Underemployment rate – proportion of regular NSO – Integrated Survey of underemployed persons to total employed Households (ISH) Bulletin. Some are persons. given below:

40 LABOR AND EMPLOYMENT 41

FIGURE 1 Employment Rate by Region: October 2010

100.0 97.4 97.0 98.0 96.3 96.8 95.6 95.8 96.0 94.9 95.1 94.2 93.9 93.9 93.9 94.0 92.0 92.3 91.4 91.0 92.0 90.0 87.4 88.0 86.0

Number(In percent) 84.0 82.0 I II III X

V IX XI VI XII VIII VII VII IVB IVA NCR CAR

ARMM Caraga Region

Analysis of Tables the size of the labor force in October 2010 was approximately 39.3 million out of the Employment rate remains stable at estimated 61.2 million population 15 years 92.9 percent and older for that period. Compared to the labor force participation rate in October The employment rate estimated 2009 (64.0%), the October 2010 rate for October 2010 was 92.9 percent. This was almost the same (Table 2.1). implies that nine in every 10 persons in the labor force were employed in October NCR records the lowest employment 2010. The current figure is exactly the rate same as the October 2009 rate which was also 92.9 percent (Table 2.1). Employment rates in the National Capital Region (NCR) (87.4%), Ilocos Labor force participation remains Region (91.4%) and CALABARZON steady at 64.2 percent (91.0%) were lower than in all other regions. As in previous LFS, the NCR The October 2010 LFS also recorded the lowest employment rate. In revealed that the labor force participation terms of the labor force participation rate, rate was 64.2 percent. This means that the NCR (63.4%), Ilocos Region (62.6%),

FIGURE 2 Labor Force Participation Rate by Region: October 2010

80.0 69.2 70.8 66.8 66.5 66.3 70.0 64.1 63.7 64.1 65.3 63.8 65.5 64.4 66.1 63.4 62.6 61.3 60.0 56.3

50.0

40.0 30.0 20.0 Number(In percent) 10.0 0.0 I

II III X V IX XI VI XII VIII VII VII IVB IVA NCR CAR ARMM Region Caraga

42 JOURNAL OF PHILIPPINE STATISTICS

Central Luzon (61.3%), CALABARZON comprising the largest sub-sector (19.6% (64.1%) and the Autonomous Region in of the total employed). Workers in the Muslim Mindanao (ARMM) (55.3%) agriculture sector comprised 33.6 percent posted lower rates compared to the rest of the total employed, with workers in of the regions (Table 2.4). agriculture; hunting and forestry making up the largest sub-sector (29.5% of the Bulk of workers are employed in the total employed). Only 14.7 percent of the services sector total employed were in the industry sector, with the manufacturing sub-sector making FIGURE 3 Employed Persons up the largest percentage (8.4% of the by Industry: October 2010 total employed) (Table 2.2).

Laborers and unskilled workers comprise the biggest group Industry 14.7% Among the various occupation groups, laborers and unskilled workers comprised the largest group, posting 32.4 Services percent of the total employed persons in 51.5% Agriculture October 2010. Farmers, forestry workers 33.6% and fishermen were the second largest group, accounting for 16.2 percent of the total employed population (Table 2.2).

Wage and salary workers are more than half of those employed More than half (51.7%) of the total employed persons in October 2010, Employed persons fall into any of which was estimated at 36.5 million, these categories: wage and salary worked in the services sector, with those workers, own account workers and engaged in wholesale and retail trade, unpaid family workers. Wage and salary repair of motor vehicles, motorcycles and workers are those who work for private personal and household goods households, private establishments,

FIGURE 4 Employed Persons by Occupation Group: October 2010

40.0 32.4 30.0

20.0 16.2 13.5 10.9 7.4 10.0 6.3 5.6 4.7 2.6 0.4 Number(In percent) - Laborers Farmers, Officials Service Trades Plant and Clerks Professionals Special Technicians and forestry of government workers and machine occupations and unskilled workers, and special and shop related operators associate workers and interest and workers and professionals fisherman organizations, market assemblers corporate sales executives, workers managers, managing proprietors and supervisors Type of occupation

LABOR AND EMPLOYMENT 43

government or government corporations Number of underemployed persons up and those who work with pay in own- by 3.8 percent family operated farm or business. More than half (54.2%) of the employed Employed persons who express persons were wage and salary workers, the desire to have additional hours of work more than one-third (34.1%) were own- in their present job or to have additional account workers, and 11.7 percent were job, or to have a new job with longer unpaid family workers. Among the wage working hours are considered and salary workers, those working for underemployed. The October 2010 LFS private establishments comprised the placed the underemployment rate at 19.6 largest proportion (40.4% of the total percent. This means that approximately employed). Government workers or 7.14 million employed persons were those working for government underemployed in October 2010 higher corporations comprised only 8.1 percent than that of 2009 survey round which had of the total employed, while 5.4 percent 6.87 million (Table 2.3). were workers in private households. Meanwhile, among the own account More than half (55.5%) of the total workers, the self-employed comprised underemployed were reported as visibly the majority (30.2% of total employed) underemployed or working for less than (Table 2.2). 40 hours during the reference week. Those working for 40 hours or more FIGURE 5 Employed Persons accounted for 42.5 percent of the total by Class of Worker: October 2010 underemployed. Most of the underemployed were working in the 60 54.2 agriculture sector (43.0%) and services sector (40.5%). The underemployed in the 50 industry sector accounted for 16.5 percent 40 (Table 2.3). 34.1

30 Unemployment rate stays at 7.1

Number 20 percent 11.7 10 The unemployment rate in October 2010 was estimated at 7.1 percent, the 0 same percentage recorded in October Wage and Own account Unpaid family salary workers workers 2009. Among the regions, the highest unemployment rate was recorded in the Class of w orker NCR at 12.6 percent. The next highest rates were posted in CALABARZON Six in every ten employed work for 40 (9.0%) and Ilocos Region (8.6%). hours or more The number of unemployed was Employed persons are classified higher among males (63.3%) than among as either full-time workers or part-time females (36.7%). By age group, for every workers. Full-time workers are those who 10 unemployed persons, five (49.3%) work for 40 hours or more while part-time belonged to age group 15-24 years while workers work for less than 40 hours. In three (31.4%) were in the age group 25-34. October 2010, six in every 10 employed persons (63.8%) were working for 40 Across educational groups, hours or more, while part-time workers among the unemployed, the high school were estimated at 35.0 percent of the graduates comprised one-third (33.3%), total employed (Table 2.2). the college undergraduates comprised

44 JOURNAL OF PHILIPPINE STATISTICS

about one-fifth (22.9%), while the college the employer of unfair labor practice acts graduates, 19.4 percent (Table 2.3). or because of deadlock in collective bargaining negotiations

Labor Relations Actual strike - any temporary and Concerns stoppage of work by the concerted action of employees as a result of an industrial or The labor sector faces a lot of labor dispute; may include slowdown, legitimate concerns that need to be mass leave, attempts to damage, destroy addressed. Displaced workers left and or sabotage plant equipment and facilities right, retrenchment, strikes and lockouts and similar activities and even closures of establishments are just some of the bleak features in the Lockout - the temporary refusal of labor scenario. However, with the an employer to furnish work for his determination of the current dispensation employees as a result of an industrial or to provide the push and the help, a more labor dispute; it comprises shutdown, encouraging atmosphere might be in mass retrenchment and dismissal without stead. previous written clearance from the Secretary of Labor and Employment or his The Department of Labor and duly authorized representative Employment (DOLE) takes the lead in formulating and directing the nation’s Mandays lost - computed by labor policies and programs. Its mission multiplying the number of workers includes the promotion of social justice involved in the strike or lockout by the total and protection of human rights and number of working days lost or idled due respect for human dignity in labor by to strike or lockout ensuring workers’ protection and welfare. The department also aims to promote full Disposition rate - the ratio of the employment and manpower development total cases disposed to the total number of as well as to maintain industrial peace cases handled through enhancement of workers’ participation in policymaking. Settlement rate - the ratio of the total cases settled to the total number of cases handled Source of Information Preventive mediation case - This section presents an overview subject of a formal or informal request for of the current labor condition in the conciliation and mediation assistance country. Data presented were derived sought by either or both parties to avoid from the DOLE. Analyses were based on the occurrence of actual labor dispute 2009 and third quarter 2010 figures culled by DOLE’s Bureau of Labor and Voluntary arbitration - the mode Employment Statistics (BLES). of settling labor-management disputes by which the parties select a competent, Definition of Terms trained, and impartial person who shall decide on the merits of the case and Strike notice - the notification whose decision is final, executory, and filed by a duly registered labor union with unappealable the respective National Conciliation and Mediation Board (NCMB) regional Conciliation case - an actual or branches about its intention to go on existing labor dispute, which is subject of strike because of alleged commission by a notice of strike or lockout or actual strike

LABOR AND EMPLOYMENT 45

or lockout case, filed with the appropriate NCR has the most number of pending NCMB regional branches and beginning preventive mediation cases Conciliation or mediation - mode of settlement bringing together the Table 2.6 shows a total of 476 two parties in a dispute to come to pending and beginning cases in the period negotiations and settlement of the under review. dispute. By region, NCR reported the bulk of the total pending and beginning Analysis of Tables preventive mediation cases with 161 cases (33.8%) while CALABARZON was Strike and lock out notices increase second with 107 cases (22.5%). Central by 13.2 percent Luzon placed third, with 49 reported cases (10.3%). The rest of the regions reported Number of new strike and lockout a total share of 32.8 percent. notices filed increased to 60 in the fourth quarter of 2010 compared to 2009’s tally Original preventive mediation cases of 53 or by an increase of 13.2 percent. filed down by 9.6 percent

Cases handled, including pending Original preventive mediation notices, however, reached 106, which is cases filed numbered 104 cases in the almost the same compared to the fourth quarter 2010 from 115 cases in the previous year tally of 108. The settlement same period in 2009 to register a 9.6 rate stood at 62.3. Workers involved in percent decline. new notices filed went down by one thousand (12,000) in the period under Cases handled went down by 17 review (Table 2.5). (10.1%), from 169 to 152. On the contrary the workers involved increased to 36,000 NCR accounts for bulk of strike and from 33,000 for the period under review. lockout notices A total of 106 voluntary arbitration The National Conciliation cases were facilitated and monitored in and Mediation Board (NCMB) reported a the fourth quarter 2010 from 110 cases in total of 276 cases of strike notices, actual the same period of 2009 or a decrease of strikes, and mediation. Of these, the 3.6 percent. Of these cases, 37 (34.9%) National Capital Region (NCR) were disposed either by decision, accounted for 138 (50.0%) of all new amicable settlement or withdrawal (Table strike and lockout notices filed. 2.7). CALABARZON was second with 56 notices (20.3%) while the Central Luzon Pending and beginning appealed had 37 notices (13.4%) to take third mediation-arbitration cases down by place (Table 2.6). 100.0 percent

NCR accounts for bulk of mandays In the fourth quarter 2010, there lost from on-going strikes were 23 pending and beginning appealed mediation-arbitration cases. This was a In the 2010 period under review, 100 percent decrease from the 57 cases mandays lost from on-going strikes recorded in 2009. The disposition rate for reached 34,171. NCR accounted 69.5% these cases, however, increased to 51.1 percent of this figure (Table 2.6). percent from 76.6 percent (Table 2.8).

46 JOURNAL OF P HILIPPINE S TATISTICS

TABLE 2.1 Comparative Labor Statistics: October 2009 and October 2010

Philippines October 2010 October 2009

Total 15 years old and over (in '000) 61,169 59,705 Labor Force Participation Rate (%) 64.2 64.0 Employment Rate (%) 92.9 92.9 Unemployment Rate (%) 7.1 7.1 Underemployment Rate (%) 19.6 19.4

Notes: Estimates for October 2010 are preliminary and may change. Figures were estimated using the 2000 Census-based Population Projections. Source: National Statistics Office, October 2010 Labor Force Survey

LABOR AND E MPLOYMENT 47

TABLE 2.2 Employed Persons by Industry, Occupation, Class of Worker and Hours Worked: October 2010 (In percent)

Selected Indicators October 2010

Employed persons Number (in thousands) 36,489 Industry Sector Total 100.0 Agriculture 33.6 Agriculture, hunting and forestry 29.5 Fishing 4.1 Industry 14.7 Mining and quarrying 0.5 Manufacturing 8.4 Electricity, gas and water 0.4 Construction 5.4 Services 51.7 Wholesale and retail trade, repair of motor vehicles, motorcycles and personal and household goods 19.6 Hotels and restaurants 3.1 Transport, storage, and communication 7.4 Financial Intermediation 1.1 Real estate, renting, and business activities 3.4 Public administration and defense, compulsory social security 4.9 Education 3.2 Health and social work 1.3 Other community, social, and personal service activities 2.3 Private households with employed persons 5.4 Extra-territorial organizations and bodies -

Occupation Total 100.0 Officials of government and special interest organizations, corporate executives, managers, managing proprietors and supervisors 13.5 Professionals 4.7 Technicians and associate professionals 2.6 Clerks 5.6 Service workers and shop and market sales workers 10.9 Farmers, forestry workers, and fishermen 16.2 Trades and related workers 7.4 Plant and machine operators and assemblers 6.3 Laborers and unskilled workers 32.4 Special occupations 0.4

Class of worker Total 100.0 Wage and salary workers 54.2

Continued

48 JOURNAL OF P HILIPPINE S TATISTICS

Table 2.2 -- Concluded

Selected Indicators October 2010

Private household 5.4 Private establishment 40.4 Government/government corporation 8.1 With pay (family owned business) 0.4 Own Account 34.1 Self employed 30.2 Employer 3.8 Unpaid Family Workers 11.7

Hours worked Total 100.0 Working: Less than 40 hours 35.0 40 hours and over 63.8 Did not work 1.2 Mean hours worked 41.6

TABLE 2.3 Underemployed Persons by Hours Worked and Industry, and Unemployed Persons by Age Group, Sex, and Highest Grade Completed: October 2009 and October 2010

Selected Indicators October 2010 October 2009

Underemployed persons Number (in thousands) 7,140 6,876

Hours worked Total 100.0 100.0 Worked less than 40 hours 55.5 59.4 Worked 40 hours and over 42.5 37.9 Did not work 2.0 2.7

Industry sector Total 100.0 100.0 Agriculture 43.0 46.4 Industry 16.5 15.0 Services 40.5 38.5

Unemployed persons Number (in thousands) 2,800 2,719

Continued

LABOR AND E MPLOYMENT 49

Table 2.3 -- Concluded

Selected Indicators October 2010 October 2009

Age group Total 100.0 100.0 15 - 24 49.3 50.3 25 - 34 31.4 29.7 35 - 44 9.1 9.8 45 - 54 6.6 6.5 55 - 64 3.0 3.0 65 and Over 0.6 0.7

Male 63.3 63.8 Female 36.7 36.2

Highest grade completed Total 100.0 100.0 No grade completed 0.4 0.5 Elementary 11.6 12.6 Undergraduate 5.0 5.3 Graduate 6.7 7.3 High school 45.6 47.3 Undergraduate 12.3 12.6 Graduate 33.3 34.7 College 42.4 39.6 Undergraduate 22.9 21.7 Graduate 19.4 17.9

50 JOURNAL OF P HILIPPINE S TATISTICS

TABLE 2.4 Rates of Labor Force Participation, Employment, Unemployment and Underemployment by Region: October 2010 (In percent)

Labor Force Employment Unemployment Underemployment Region Participation Rate Rate Rate Rate

Philippines 64.2 92.9 7.1 19.6

NCR 63.4 87.4 12.6 15.4 CAR 66.8 95.6 4.4 13.5 I -Ilocos Region 62.6 91.4 8.6 14.1 II-Cagayan Valley 66.5 97.4 2.6 15.8 III-Central Luzon 61.3 92.0 8.0 12.1 IVA-CALABARZON 64.1 91.0 9.0 21.2 IVB-MIMAROPA 69.2 94.9 5.1 25.5 V-Bicol Region 63.7 94.2 5.8 35.0 VI-Western Visayas 64.1 93.9 6.1 26.9 VII -Central Visayas 65.3 92.3 7.7 18.9 VIII-Eastern Visayas 63.8 93.9 6.1 24.1 IX-Zamboanga Peninsula 66.3 97.0 3.0 18.2 X-Northern Mindanao 70.8 95.8 4.2 26.0 XI-Davao Region 65.5 93.9 6.1 16.2 XII-SOCCSKSARGEN 64.4 96.3 3.7 18.0 Caraga 66.1 95.1 4.9 19.0 ARMM 56.3 96.8 3.2 11.9

LABOR AND E MPLOYMENT 51

TABLE 2.5 Strike and Lockout Notices and Actual Strikes and Lockouts Fourth Quarter 2009 and 2010

Indicator Fourth Quarter 2010 Fourth Quarter 2009

Strike and lockout notices

Cases pending, beginning 46 55 New notices filed 60 53 Cases handled 106 108 Cases disposed 72 59 Settled 66 55 Assumed jurisdiction by the Secretary 1 1 Certified for compulsory arbitration 3 2 Treated as preventive mediation case -- Other modes of disposition 1 1 Materialized into actual strikes or lockouts 1 - Workers involved in new notices filed (000) 12 13 Disposition rate (%) 67.9 54.6 Settlement rate (%) 62.3 50.9

Actual strikes and lockouts

Cases pending, beginning - 1 New strikes declared 1 3 - Cases handled 3 1 Work normalized 3 1 Settled 3 1 Assumed jurisdiction by the Secretary -- Certified for compulsory arbitration -- Other modes of disposition -- Workers involved in new strikes declared 800 - Mandays lost from on-going strikes (000) 8 * Disposition rate (%) 100.0 100.0 Settlement rate (%) 100.0 100.0

Notes : Details may not add up to totals due to rounding. 1 Includes actual strikes and lockouts without notices. * Less than 500 Source: Department of Labor and Employment, National Conciliation and Mediation Board

52 JOURNAL OF P HILIPPINE S TATISTICS

TABLE 2.6 Strike and Lockout Notices, Actual Strikes and Lockouts and Preventive Mediation Cases by Region: January to December 2010

I II III IV-A IV-B V Indicator Philippines NCR CAR Ilocos Cagayan Central CALABARZON MIMAROPA Bicol Region Valley Luzon Region

Strike/lockout notices

Pending, beginning 4926- - - 5 14 -- New notices filed 276 138 2 1 - 37 56 - 4 Cases handled 325 164 2 1 - 42 70 - 4 Cases disposed 291 148 - 1 - 38 59 - 4 Cases settled 260 136 - - - 33 55 - 4 Cases which materialized into actual strikes or lockouts 5 2 - - - - 1 - - Workers involved in new notices filed 59,750 29,446 1,260 301 - 8,804 8,186 - 432 Disposition rate (%) 89.5 90.2 - 100.0 - 90.5 84.3 - 100.0 Settlement rate (%) 80.0 82.9 - - - 78.6 78.6 - 100.0

Actual strikes and lockouts

Pending, beginning ------New strikes declared 8 2 - - - - 2 - - Cases handled 8 2 - - - - 2 - - Work normalized 8 2 - - - - 2 - - Cases settled 7 2 - - - - 2 - - Workers involved in new strikes declared 3,034 1,970 - - - - 178 - - Mandays lost from on-going strikes 34,171 23,740 - - - - 4,652 - - Disposition rate (%) 100.0 100.0 - - - 100.0 - - Settlement rate (%) 87.5 100.0 - - - - 100.0 - -

Preventive mediation cases

Pending, beginning 6018- - - 4 18 -- Original preventive mediation cases filed 415 142 4 4 1 45 89 1 12 Strike notices treated as preventive mediation cases 1 1 ------Cases handled 476 161 1 15 1 49 107 1 12 Cases disposed 425 139 3 15 1 46 97 1 10 Cases settled 399 133 3 15 1 40 87 1 9 Workers involved in preventive mediation cases filed 131,275 35,309 2,136 1,554 220 26,308 16,654 4 701 Disposition rate (%) 89.3 86.3 75.0 100.0 - 93.9 90.7 100.0 83.3 Settlement rate (%) 83.8 82.6 75.0 100.0 - 81.6 81.3 100.0 75.0

Continued

LABOR AND E MPLOYMENT 53

Table 2.6 -- Concluded

VI VII VIII IX X XI XII XIII Indicator Western Central Eastern Zamboanga Northern Davao SOCCSKSARGEN Caraga Visayas Visayas Visayas Peninsula Mindanao Region

Strike and lockout notices

Pending, beginning 2 1 - - 1 - - - New notices filed 6 13 3 - 2 10 1 3 Cases handled 8 14 3 - 3 10 1 3 Cases disposed 8 14 3 - 2 10 1 3 Cases settled 8 10 2 - 2 8 1 1 Cases which materialized into actual strikes or lockouts - 1 - - - 1 - - Workers involved in new notices filed 4,593 2,372 896 - 176 2,007 480 797 Disposition rate (%) 100.0 100.0 100.0 - 66.7 100.0 100.0 100.0 Settlement rate (%) 100.0 71.4 66.7 - 66.7 80.0 100.0 33.3

Actual strikes and lockouts

Pending, beginning ------New strikes declared - 1 - - - 1 - 2 Cases handled - 1 - - - 1 - 2 Work normalized - 1 - - - 1 - 2 Cases settled - - - - - 1 - 2 Workers involved in new strikes declared - 47 - - - 163 - 676 Mandays lost from on-going strikes - 94 - - - 1,304 - 4,381 Disposition rate (%) - 100.0 - - - 100.0 - 100.0 Settlement rate (%) - - - - - 100.0 - 100.0

Preventive mediation cases

Pending, beginning 6 3 - - 4 6 1 - Original preventive mediation cases filed 15 17 8 3 21 24 11 7 Strike notices treated as preventive mediation cases ------Cases handled 21 20 8 3 25 30 12 7 Cases disposed 19 19 8 3 20 29 10 5 Cases settled 19 18 7 3 20 28 10 5 Workers involved in preventive mediation cases filed 14,722 2,848 1,715 164 7,175 8,022 12,676 1,067 Disposition rate (%) 90.5 95.0 100.0 100.0 80.0 96.7 83.3 71.4 Settlement rate (%) 90.5 90.0 87.5 100.0 80.0 93.3 83.3 71.4

Note: New strikes declared include actual strikes/lockouts without notices. Source: Department of Labor and Employment, National Conciliation and Mediation Board

54 JOURNAL OF P HILIPPINE S TATISTICS

TABLE 2.7 Preventive Mediation Cases and Voluntary Arbitration Cases Fourth Quarter 2009 and 2010

Indicator Fourth Quarter 2010 Fourth Quarter 2009

Preventive mediation cases Cases pending, beginning 48 53 Original preventive mediation cases filed 104 115 Strike notices treated as preventive mediation cases - 1 Cases handled 152 169 Cases disposed 102 109 Settled 98 96 Assumed jurisdiction by the Secretary -- Certified for compulsory arbitration -- Referred to compulsory arbitration -- Referred to voluntary arbitration -- Materialized into notices of strikes and lockouts and actual strikes and lockouts 4 12 Other modes of disposition - 1 Workers involved in preventive mediation cases filed (000) 36 33 Disposition rate (%) 67.1 64.5 Settlement rate (%) 64.5 56.8

Voluntary arbitration cases Cases pending, beginning 76 81 New cases facilitated/monitored 30 29 Total cases facilitated/monitored 106 110 Cases disposed 37 28 Decided 28 22 Settled amicably 6 3 Withdrawn/dropped 3 3 Disposition rate (%) 34.9 25.5

Notes: Details may not add up to totals due to rounding. Definitions: Disposition rate (%) = Cases disposed/cases handled x 100. Settlement rate (%) = Cases settled/cases handled x 100. Voluntary arbitration - mode of settling labor-management disputes by which the parties select a competent, trained and impartial person who shall decide on the merits of the cases and whose decision is final, executory and unappealable. Source: Department of Labor and Employment, National Conciliation and Mediation Board

LABOR AND E MPLOYMENT 55

TABLE 2.8 Appealed Mediation-Arbitration Fourth Quarter 2009 and 2010

Indicator Fourth Quarter 2010 Fourth Quarter 2009

Appealed med-arbitration cases (BLR and OS)

Cases pending, beginning 23 57 Cases newly filed 24 20 Cases handled 47 77 Cases disposed 34 59 Disposition rate (%) 51.1 76.6

Notes: Details may not add up to totals due to rounding. Source: Bureau of Labor Relations (BLR), Statistical and Performance Reporting System (SPRS), Office of the Secretary (OS)

Section III – TRAVEL AND TOURISM

Visitor Arrivals and organizations, it aims to break down fundamental barriers to tourism growth to the Philippines and works to minimize the impediments First Quarter 2011 to realizing a better tourism scenario.

The year 2011 marks the final year of the Medium-Term Philippine Development Plan 2004-2011. Realizing the potential to boost the country’s economy, the government takes a strategic move to develop tourism as a powerful economic growth engine in sustainable manner.

This action plan taken by the government makes national tourism (1) market product-focused and (2) destination-focused. It identifies the 10 most attractive tourist segments for the The Dinagyang Festival of Iloilo City is the first and the only festival in the world which gained the Philippines towards 2011, which are the support of the United Nations for the promotion of its short-haul sightseeing and shopping; Millennium Development Goals (MDG). It is known as long-haul mass comfort; long-haul the “Best Tourism Event of the Philippines” which showcases the best festivals in the Visayan region. backpacker; long-haul niche beach; The highlights of the festival include the Ati-Atihan domestic, short-haul ecotourism; short- Dance and the Kasadyahan competition. The Kasadyahan preludes the Dinagyang honoring the haul beach lover; short-haul recreation; feast of the Sto Nino. meetings, (MICE); and Balikbayan segments.

Introduction Destination focus requires the In the past years, the tourist spots in the country to be government’s stance in developing a categorized according to the “Wow” more sustainable tourism industry has factor, available infrastructure, readiness certainly paid off. Not only has the or existing tourism volume, and access Philippines become one of the most and other factors. Eight priority frequently visited tourist spots in Asia, destinations shall be classified into three today’s revitalized industry also provides groups: additional jobs for Filipinos without compromising the integrity of local • Major destinations: comprising diversity and culture. Cebu, Bohol, Camiguin, Palawan, Manila, Tagaytay, and Davao as The Department of Tourism potential major destinations (DOT) takes the lead in furthering the position of the country as a favored travel • Minor destinations: Vigan or destination. Along with other agencies Laoag and Clark or Subic; and

56 TRAVEL AND TOURISM 57

• Special interest destinations: These exclude overseas contract Baguio or Banaue, and Boracay workers.

Source of Information However, the following are excluded in the visitor headcount:

Statistics presented in this section ♦ Transit visitors and change-plane deal on the travel of visitors to the passengers who remain in the Philippines taken from arrival premises of the port of entry terminal and departure cards and shipping ♦ manifests of the DOT. Aliens with prearranged employment for renumeration in the Philippines, and aliens studying in the country Definition of Terms regardless of length of stay

♦ Filipinos living abroad, regardless of Visitor – any person visiting the length of stay overseas who are not Philippines for any reason other than permanent residents abroad following an occupation renumerated ♦ Immigrants or aliens (expatriates) from within the country and whose who are permanently residing in the residence is not the Philippines ( World Philippines Tourism Organization ) ♦ Filipino overseas contract workers on home visits, and There are two types of visitors ♦ Returning residents of the under this definition, namely tourist and Philippines. excursionist , defined as follows:

Tourist – temporary visitor Analysis of Tables staying at least 24 hours in the country for a purpose classified as either holiday Visitor arrivals up by 13.0 percent (recreation, leisure, sport, and visit to family, friends or relatives), business, For the first quarter (January to official mission, convention, or health March) of 2011, aggregate visitor arrivals reasons reached 989,501. This was 113,975 bigger compared to 875,526 arrivals Excursionist – temporary visitor registered in the first quarter of 2010, staying less than 24 hours in the country translated to an increase of 13.0 percent (Table 3.1). Based on the above definitions, the following are included in the visitor Asian visitors comprise more than headcount: half of total visitor arrivals

♦ Aliens entering the country for a DOT’s arrival statistics showed temporary stay not exceeding one Asia leading other continents as it year and for purposes other than accounted for 555,294 or 56.1 percent of immigration, permanent residence or the aggregate arrivals in the first quarter employment for renumeration in the of 2011. This was a 19.9 percent country, and increase from first quarter 2010’s 463,105 arrivals. East Asia has the lion ♦ Filipino nationals or overseas share of total visitor arrivals among Asian Filipinos residing permanently abroad regions with 453,367 (45.8%). Compared who are on temporary stay in the with the first quarter 2010 output of Philippines not exceeding one year. 375,528, figure rose by 20.7 percent.

58 JOURNAL OF PHILIPPINE STATISTICS

Arrivals from North America down to 50,871 arrivals in the same totaled 202,964 or 20.5 percent of the period of 2011 (Table 3.1). aggregate figure to register second. This was an increase of 8.4 percent from first Month-on-month growth rate up by 4.1 quarter 2010’s 187,298 arrivals. Among percent its countries, the United States of America (USA) accounted for the bulk or The month-on-month growth rate 17.1 percent (168,847) of the total for March 2011 and March 2010 posted a inbound traffic. 4.1 percent increase. There were increases in the total volume of visitors FIGURE 1 Visitor Arrivals by Region from three regions with Asia contributing First Quarter 2010 and 2011 additional visitor arrivals of 18,527 compared to 2010 first quarter of 600 154,613 which is translated to 12.0 555.3 percent improvement. However number 500 2011 of returning overseas Filipinos plummet 463.1 2010 by 6.2 percent. Notable decreases were 400 recorded by Europe and South America with 10.4 percent and 10.0 percent,

300 respectively (Table 3.2).

203.0 200 187.3 Korea is the country’s leading visitor

106.9 Number(In thousands) 100 103.0 FIGURE 2 Top Ten Travel Markets 52.2 47.3 First Quarter 2010 and 2011 1.1 1.0 1.1 0.8 26.7 0 United Kingdom 26.1

34.3 Asia Hong Kong

Africa 28.0 North Europe South America America Australia 28.0 Singapore 32.4 Region 29.0 Canada 33.8 Europe with 106,899 arrivals, 35.0 Australia 40.4 registered third with 10.8 percent share 30.1 Taiwan of total arrivals. It marked a 3.8 percent Country 42.0 increase from 103,020 arrivals in the first 44.7 China quarter of 2010. 54.3 91.7 Japan 100.7 Africa registered the least number 158.0 United States of America of arrivals among the continents. Its 168.8 174.7 share to the aggregate arrival figure was Korea 228.4 a measly 0.1 percent (Table 3.1). 0 40 80 120 160 200 240 Overseas Filipino arrivals post 5.1 Volume (In thousands) percent decline Korea remained the distinction as Overseas Filipinos, who the country’s biggest travel market as it comprised 5.1 percent of the total accounted for 228,398 arrivals equivalent arrivals, posted 5.1 percent decline in the to 23.1 percent share. The USA stayed period under review. From 53,630 at second with 168,847 arrivals for a 17.1 arrivals in the first quarter of 2010 it went percent share, while Japan also stayed

TRAVEL AND TOURISM 59

put on third with 100,681 arrivals length of stay of guests in these hotels (10.2%). was 2.38 nights, as against that of 2010’s 2.34 nights, a difference of 0.04 China remained unchanged at percentage points (Table 3.4). fourth place, posting 54,332 visitor arrivals while Taiwan snatched fifth place FIGURE 3 Average Occupancy Rates with 42,000 visitor arrivals. Australia and of Hotel in Metro Manila Hong Kong slid to sixth place (40,418) by Classification and ninth place (27,956) respectively. First Quarter 2010 and 2011 80.00 73.7 73.7 70.00 66.7 67.8 67.9 Eighty percent of the top ten 64.1 63.1 travel markets reported increases in 60.00 56.6 arrival volume. Taiwan registered the 50.00 highest improvement among the Top 10 Travel Markets registering 39.5 percent. 40.00 Korea posted the second highest 30.00 improvement with 30.7 percent. Hong Occupancyrate 20.00 Kong recorded the highest decline with 10.00 18.6 percent drop. United Kingdom (10th place) is the other country that recorded 0.00 a decline, recording a 2.5 percent De luxe First Standard Economy downfall. Canada (seventh place) and Class Hotel classification Singapore (eighth place) improved their standings by posting increases of 16.4 De Luxe Hotels percent and 15.6 percent respectively. USA, the second largest contributor to De Luxe hotels’ occupancy rate the country’s travel market registered 6.9 remained stable at 73.68 in the first percent improvement or an additional quarter of 2011 exactly the same as that 10,852 visitor arrivals in first quarter 2011 in 2010. The average length of stay compared to 157,995 it registered in the increased by 0.18 percentage points, as same period in 2010. January to March 2010’s average of 2.73 nights rose to 2.90 nights in January to The 754,908 arrivals from these March of 2011 (Table 3.4). ten countries accounted for 76.3 percent of the total arrival figure (Table 3.3 and First Class Hotels Figure 2). Average occupancy rate for first class hotels in January to March of 2011 Hotel Accommodations was 64.07, a decrease of 2.60 and Visitors’ Average percentage points from the 66.67 average recorded in January to March of Length of Stay 2010. The average length of stay was First Quarter 2011 shorter in January to March of 2011. From 2.42 nights in January to March of In January to March of 2011, the 2010, it decreased to 2.35 nights (0.11 overall average occupancy rate of hotels percentage points) (Table 3.4). decreased by 2.31 percentage points. From the 67.85 percent occupancy level Standard Hotels recorded in January to March of 2010, the figure went down by 65.54 percent in In January to March of 2011, the the same period of 2011. The average average occupancy rate of standard

60 JOURNAL OF PHILIPPINE STATISTICS

hotels slipped to 67.76, translated to a 0.16 percentage points decrease compared to the 67.92 average occupancy rate registered in January to March of 2010. Likewise, the average length of stay went down by 0.02 percentage points from 2.27 nights to 2.25 nights in the period under review.

FIGURE 4 Overall Average Length of Stay (in nights) of Guests in Accredited Hotels in Metro Manila First Quarter 2010 and 2011 3.50

2.91 3.00 2.73 2.35 2.42 2.50 2.25 2.27 1.99 1.95 2.00 1.50

1.00

Lengthof stay(in nights) 0.50

0.00 De luxe First Class Standard Economy Hotel classification

Economy Hotels

The 56.64 rate of occupancy of economy hotels for January to March of 2011 was 6.5 percentage points, lower than the 63.14 occupancy level recorded for the same period in 2010. The average length of stay however slightly increased from 1.95 nights to 1.99 nights (Table 3.4).

TRAVEL AND TOURISM 61

TABLE 3.1 Visitor Arrivals by Country of Residence First Quarter 2010 and 2011

Number of Arrivals Percent Country of Residence First Quarter First Quarter Increase/ 2011 2010 (Decrease)

GRAND TOTAL 989,501 875,526 13.0

Overseas Filipinos* 50,871 53,630 (5.1)

Asia 555,294 463,105 19.9 ASEAN 78,541 70,203 11.9 Brunei 1,177 896 31.4 Cambodia 527 524 0.6 Indonesia 8,320 8,243 0.9 Laos 203 188 8.0 Malaysia 22,034 18,368 20.0 Myanmar 794 933 (14.9) Singapore 32,411 28,026 15.6 Thailand 9,073 8,920 1.7 Vietnam 4,002 4,105 (2.5)

East Asia 453,367 375,528 20.7 China 54,332 44,652 21.7 Hong Kong 27,956 34,341 (18.6) Japan 100,681 91,706 9.8 Korea 228,398 174,722 30.7 Taiwan 42,000 30,107 39.5

South Asia 15,119 10,502 44.0 Bangladesh 731 439 66.5 India 10,984 7,537 45.7 Iran 1,148 775 48.1 Nepal 387 380 1.8 Pakistan 844 489 72.6 Sri Lanka 1,025 882 16.2

Middle East 11,984 10,379 15.5 Bahrain 564 715 (21.1) Egypt 385 254 51.6 Jordan 183 133 37.6 Kuwait 1,154 1,286 (10.3) Qatar**** 837 687 -- Saudi Arabia 5,964 4,763 25.2 United Arab Emirates 2,897 2,541 14.0

North America 202,964 187,298 8.4 Canada 33,800 29,044 16.4 Mexico 317 259 22.4 United States of America 168,847 157,995 6.9

Continued

62 JOURNAL OF P HILIPPINE STATISTICS

Table 3.1 -- Continued

Number of Arrivals Percent Country of Residence First Quarter First Quarter Increase/ 2011 2010 (Decrease)

South America 1,080 1,051 2.8 Argentina 254 197 28.9 Brazil 489 435 12.4 Colombia 190 174 9.2 Peru 90 129 (30.2) Venezuela 57 116 (50.9)

Europe 106,899 103,020 3.8 Western Europe 44,341 43,914 1.0 Austria 3,826 3,602 6.2 Belgium 2,494 2,343 6.4 France 8,756 8,635 1.4 Germany 17,762 18,372 (3.3) Luxembourg 127 148 (14.2) Netherlands 5,283 4,629 14.1 Switzerland 6,093 6,185 (1.5)

Northern Europe 44,408 43,499 2.1 Denmark 4,256 4,104 3.7 Finland 1,602 1,362 17.6 Ireland 1,364 1,470 (7.2) Norway 4,795 4,526 5.9 Sweden 6,326 5,296 19.4 United Kingdom 26,065 26,741 (2.5)

Southern Europe 9,038 8,811 2.6 Greece 482 497 (3.0) Italy 4,744 4,982 (4.8) Portugal 435 261 66.7 Spain 3,377 3,071 10.0

Eastern Europe 9,112 6,796 34.1 Commonwealth of Independent States 1,275 1,106 15.3 Russian Federation*** 6,698 4,684 43.0 Total (CIS and Russia) 7,973 5,790 37.7 Poland 1,139 1,006 13.2

Eastern Mediterranean Europe***** 2,013 2,167 Israel 1,407 1,423 (1.1) Turkey 606 744 --

Australasia/Pacific 52,216 47,332 10.3 Australia 40,418 35,017 15.4 Guam 8,425 8,956 (5.9) Nauru 8 5 - New Zealand 2,740 2,579 6.2 Papua New Guinea 625 775 (19.4)

Continued

TRAVEL AND TOURISM 63

Table 3.1 -- Concluded

Number of Arrivals Percent Country of Residence First Quarter First Quarter Increase/ 2011 2010 (Decrease)

Africa 953 765 24.6 Nigeria 166 163 1.8 South Africa 787 602 30.7

Other unspecified residences 13,494 13,641 (1.1)

Notes: * - Philippine passport holders permanently residing abroad; excludes overseas Filipino workers. ** - Prior to April 2003, statistics from this country includes, Slovenia, Croatia, Bosnia, and Macedonia. *** - Prior to July 2006, Russia arrivals were lumped under "CIS" and prior to August 2006, Estonia, Latvia and Turkmenistan ariivals were lumped under "CIS" **** - Prior to 2009, Statistics from this country were lumped under "Other" ***** - Grouping from UNWTO; prior to 2009, statistics from Israel were lumped under "Middle East"' and statistics from Turkey were lumped under "Others" Source : Department of Tourism

TABLE 3.2 Visitor Arrivals by Country of Residence: March 2010 and 2011

March 2011 March 2010 Percent Country of Residence Percent Percent Increase/ Volume to Total Volume to Total (Decrease)

GRAND TOTAL 320,876 100.0 308,326 100.0 4.1

Overseas Filipinos* 23,663 7.4 25,216 8.2 (6.2)

Asia 173,140 54.0 154,613 50.1 12.0 ASEAN 28,907 9.0 26,561 8.6 8.8 Brunei 570 0.2 383 0.1 48.8 Cambodia 172 0.1 209 0.1 (17.7) Indonesia 3,188 1.0 3,254 1.1 (2.0) Laos 81 - 82 - (1.2) Malaysia 8,267 2.6 6,872 2.2 20.3 Myanmar 262 0.1 365 0.1 (28.2) Singapore 12,009 3.7 10,501 3.4 14.4 Thailand 3,136 1.0 3,455 1.1 (9.2) Vietnam 1,222 0.4 1,440 0.5 (15.1)

East Asia 135,344 42.2 119,674 38.8 13.1 China 15,742 4.9 14,400 4.7 9.3 Hong Kong 8,607 2.7 11,462 3.7 (24.9) Japan 34,926 10.9 32,467 10.5 7.6 Korea 62,530 19.5 52,060 16.9 20.1 Taiwan 13,539 4.2 9,285 3.0 45.8

South Asia 4,951 1.5 4,567 1.5 8.4 Bangladesh 192 0.1 183 0.1 4.9 India 3,474 1.1 3,234 1.0 7.4 Iran 577 0.2 473 0.2 22.0

Continued

64 JOURNAL OF P HILIPPINE STATISTICS

Table 3.2 -- Continued

March 2011 March 2010 Percent Country of Residence Percent Percent Increase/ Volume to Total Volume to Total (Decrease)

Nepal 164 0.1 143 0.0 14.7 Pakistan 275 0.1 208 0.1 32.2 Sri Lanka 269 0.1 326 0.1 (17.5) Middle East 3,938 1.2 3,811 1.2 3.3 Bahrain 198 0.1 284 0.1 (30.3) Egypt 136 0.0 93 0.0 46.2 Jordan 69 0.0 57 0.0 21.1 Kuwait 468 0.1 500 0.2 (6.4) Qatar**** 296 0.1 278 0.1 6.5 Saudi Arabia 1,710 0.5 1,641 0.5 4.2 United Arab Emirates 1,061 0.3 958 0.3 10.8

North America 65,909 20.5 66,368 21.5 (0.7) Canada 10,953 3.4 10,169 3.3 7.7 Mexico 131 0.0 98 0.0 33.7 United States of America 54,825 17.1 56,101 18.2 (2.3) South America 350 0.1 389 0.1 (10.0) Argentina 87 0.0 67 0.0 29.9 Brazil 156 0.0 149 0.0 4.7 Colombia 60 0.0 61 0.0 (1.6) Peru 29 0.0 76 0.0 (61.8) Venezuela 18 0.0 36 0.0 (50.0)

Europe 34,236 10.7 38,227 12.4 (10.4) Western Europe 14,190 4.4 16,113 5.2 (11.9) Austria 1,127 0.4 1,154 0.4 (2.3) Belgium 828 0.3 882 0.3 (6.1) France 2,442 0.8 2,884 0.9 (15.3) Germany 6,096 1.9 7,227 2.3 (15.6) Luxembourg 50 0.0 58 0.0 (13.8) Netherlands 1,704 0.5 1,587 0.5 7.4 Switzerland 1,943 0.6 2,321 0.8 (16.3)

Northern Europe 14,240 4.4 16,546 5.4 (13.9) Denmark 1,076 0.3 1,271 0.4 (15.3) Finland 414 0.1 363 0.1 14.0 Ireland 488 0.2 562 0.2 (13.2) Norway 1,346 0.4 1,566 0.5 (14.0) Sweden 1,690 0.5 1,565 0.5 8.0 United Kingdom 9,226 2.9 11,219 3.6 (17.8) Southern Europe 2,989 0.9 3,526 1.1 (15.2) Greece 146 0.0 156 0.1 (6.4) Italy 1,436 0.4 1,953 0.6 (26.5) Portugal 116 0.0 97 0.0 19.6 Spain 1,291 0.4 1,320 0.4 (2.2)

Continued

TRAVEL AND TOURISM 65

Table 3.2 -- Concluded

March 2011 March 2010 Percent Country of Residence Percent Percent Increase/ Volume to Total Volume to Total (Decrease)

Eastern Europe 2,817 0.9 2,042 0.7 38.0 Commonwealth of Independent States 451 0.1 451 0.1 0.0 Russian Federation*** 1,995 0.2 1,215 0.2 (7.7) Total (CIS and Russia) 2,446 0.3 1,666 0.3 46.8 Poland 371 0.1 376 0.1 (1.3)

Eastern Mediterranean Europe***** 603 0.1 757 0.1 Israel 466 0.1 515 0.1 Turkey 137 0.0 242 0.0

Australasia/Pacific 18,132 5.7 18,072 5.9 0.3 Australia 13,851 4.3 13,415 4.4 3.3 Guam 2,991 0.9 3,452 1.1 (13.4) Nauru 3 0.0 3 - 100.0 New Zealand 1,029 0.3 919 0.3 12.0 Papua New Guinea 258 0.1 283 - (8.8)

Africa 321 0.1 307 0.1 4.6 Nigeria 49 0.0 77 - (36.4) South Africa 272 0.1 230 0.1 18.3

Others and unspecified residences 4,522 1.4 4,377 1.4 3.3

TABLE 3.3 Top Ten Travel Markets: First Quarter 2010 and 2011

First Quarter 2011 First Quarter 2010 Percent Volume Percent Rank Volume Increase/ to Total Decrease

Total 989,501 100.0 875,526 13.0 Korea 228,398 23.1 1 174,722 30.7 United States of America 168,847 17.1 2 157,995 6.9 Japan 100,681 10.2 3 91,706 9.8 China 54,332 5.5 4 44,652 21.7 Taiwan 42,000 4.2 5 30,107 39.5 Australia 40,418 4.1 6 35,017 15.4 Canada 33,800 3.4 7 29,044 16.4 Singapore 32,411 3.3 8 28,026 15.6 Hong Kong 27,956 2.8 9 34,341 (18.6) United Kingdom 26,065 2.6 10 26,741 (2.5) Other Countries 234,593 23.7 223,175 5.1

Source : Department of Tourism

66 JOURNAL OF P HILIPPINE STATISTICS

TABLE 3.4 Average Occupancy Rates of Hotels in Metro Manila by Classification First Quarter 2010 and 2011

Overall Average Classification First Quarter First Quarter Difference 2011 2010

Occupancy Rates 65.54 67.85 (2.31) Length of stay (in Nights) 2.38 2.34 0.04

De luxe Occupancy Rates 73.68 73.68 0.00 Length of stay 2.91 2.73 0.18

First Class Occupancy Rates 64.07 66.67 (2.60) Length of stay 2.35 2.42 (0.07)

Standard Occupancy Rates 67.76 67.92 (0.16) Length of stay 2.25 2.27 (0.02)

Economy Occupancy Rates 56.64 63.14 (6.50) Length of stay 1.99 1.95 0.04

Source : Department of Tourism

Section IV - SOCIAL WELFARE AND COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT

Welfare Benefits individuals, families, groups, and communities. It is also incumbent on the and Services agency to provide support to local Fourth Quarter 2010 government units (LGUs), non- government organizations (NGOs), other national government agencies (NGAs), people’s organizations (POs), and other members of the civil society to effectively implement programs, projects, and services to these marginalized sectors of the society.

Child and youth welfare programs of the government are specifically led by the Bureau of Child and Youth Welfare (BCYW) which cares for the abandoned, neglected, disturbed, and the exploited and abused youth. Among the services accorded the disadvantaged youth offenders, child prostitutes, and street children are the following: Introduction Psychosocial recovery and social All government agencies and reintegration of sexually abused non-government organizations (NGOs) and exploited children - are mandated to spearhead programs, reintegration of child victims to the projects, and services for the welfare of family and the community the more-often-neglected sectors of society. The Child Help Intervention and Protective Services (CHIPS) offer crisis intervention and therapy; its On the forefront of these services can be accessed in all 17 agencies and organizations is an Inter- regions via hotlines provided and Agency Committee chaired by the also through the Bantay Bata Department of Social Welfare and program Development (DSWD) tasked to oversee the foregoing thrusts that seek to Assistance to disadvantaged promote the rights and full participation children of mixed parentage in the of these neglected sectors. form of skills training, livelihood assistance, psychological The DSWD is mandated to interventions, and assistance provide social protection, assistance, and relative to their citizenship. augmentation needs to disadvantaged Department arrangements enable a 67 68 JOURNAL OF PHILIPPINE STATISTICS

number of disadvantaged which enables a child, who cannot be transnational children like reared by his biological or natural Amerasians to locate foreigner parents, to acquire a legal status wherein parents, or at best, to reunite he can benefit from new relationship with children with their parents abroad. a permanent family. Local adoption is This service facilitates children’s adoption within the country. Intercountry reintegration into the community adoption is adoption outside the country.

Community-based rehabilitation for Foster care is the provision of children in conflict with the law planned substitute parental care for a affords diverse options to prevent child by a licensed foster family when his juvenile offenders from breaking the or her biological parents cannot care for law him for a certain period of time. Sulong Dunong sa Kabataan assists youths to finish high school Legal guardianship is a socio- or head into technical or vocational legal process of providing substitute livelihood training parental care through the appointment of a legal guardian of the child and his Local and intercountry adoption and property until child reaches the age of alternative family care services majority. nurture abandoned and neglected children by placing them in the care Protective Custody . This is a of foster parents. With adoption, service provided to children whose abandoned and unregistered parents are unable to provide the children earn the right to the family required protection and whose conditions name and nationality of foster demonstrate observable evidence of parents injurious effects of the failure to meet the children’s basic needs. Immediate Devolved services for children and intervention is provided to a child who is youth look after preschoolers in day abandoned, neglected, physically or care centers and provide them sexually abused or exploited, to prevent supplemental feeding. They also further abuse and exploitation, and to service street children and assist the child and family to overcome delinquent youths with medical the trauma of such experiences. attention, livelihood opportunities, and counseling services Other than these programs for the Retained Community-Based youth and children, the DSWD also Program provides support to the disadvantaged and marginalized women sector of the Child Care and Placement society. Services . These services provide alternative parental care to abandoned, Services for women-in-especially neglected, and abused children, thus, difficult-circumstances (WEDC) were restoring their right to a family, name, launched in response to the emerging and nationality. Particular interventions needs of women in this sector. This is to employed under these services include empower them to avoid high-risk, violent, local adoption, intercountry adoption, and dangerous incidents as well as to temporary parental care through foster equip and prepare them physically and care, and legal guardianship. emotionally as they return to their families. Adoption is a socio-legal process

SOCIAL WELFARE AND COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT 69

Marginalized families, on the access of OPs and PWDs other hand, become beneficiaries under • Nonformal education the following services by program or • Livelihood project: • Vocational skills training for Locally-Funded Project employment purposes

• Care-giving training for family Comprehensive and Integrated members Delivery of Social Services (CIDSS) is a • pro poor program which seeks to Counseling, professional guidance and family therapy empower targeted families and communities to enable them to meet their • Specialized skills training minimum basic needs (MBNs), improve • for professionals and service their quality of living, and contribute to providers reduction in poverty. • Protection and safety program. Enabling acts were issued to raise the level of awareness of the Analysis of Table general public and policymakers on ageing, on the needs of persons with Number of disadvantaged children disabilities (PWDs), and on the served more in community-based prevention of discrimination and abuse of programs older persons (OPs). All government agencies and non-government FIGURE 1 Number of Disadvanta ged Children Served by Program/Project/Service and by Sex organizations (NGOs) are mandated to Fourth Quarter 2010 spearhead programs, projects, and services for their welfare, thus bringing 6,000 these more-often-neglected sectors into Male 4,936 4,764 the mainstream of society. Female

On the forefront of these 4,000 agencies and organizations is the Inter- Agency Committee chaired by the

Department of Social Welfare and Number 2,000 Development (DSWD) tasked to oversee 1,376 the foregoing thrusts that seek to 978 promote the rights, full participation, and equality for OPs and PWDs. 0 Moreover, Batas Pambansa 344, Community-based Centers/institutions otherwise known as the Accessibility programs based services Law, provides for friendly facilities for the OPs and PWDs such as: A total of 12,054 disadvantaged children (DC) were served and given • Well-lit government buildings augmentation support in various regions • Readable sign boards in the period under review. (No quarterly

• Specially-built and -designed comfort report for 2009, hence no comparative rooms statistics).

• Ramps The National Capital Region • Improved architectural designs of (NCR) topped the list with the most government buildings to facilitate number of DC served at 3,462 or 28.7 70 JOURNAL OF PHILIPPINE STATISTICS

percent of the total served. Central Luzon FIGURE 2 Number of Women Served followed with 1,552 or 12.9 percent by Program/Project/Service served, while CALABARZON served 8.5 Fourth Quarter 2010 percent. SOCCSKSARGEN served the least with only 91 (0.8%). 10,000 8,797

Those served under community- 8,000 based programs were reported at 9,700 6,000 or 80.5 percent while a total of 2,354 came from that of center-based 4,000 programs. NCR remained the biggest Number recipient of services in the community as 2,000 2,543 (21.1%) DC were served (Table 631 4.1). 0 Community-based Centers/institutions programs based services Number of disadvantaged youth served Number of persons with disabilities A total of 4,240 disadvantaged served youth (DY) were served in the fourth quarter of 2010. The community- and center- based programs of the government Among those were 3,308 (78.0%) served a total of 1,382 persons with served under community-based disabilities (PWDs) in the fourth quarter programs and the rest, 932 (22.0%) in 2010. center or institution-based programs. In the same period, NCR reported Across regions, the biggest the biggest number of those served at recipient of welfare benefits for its 981 or 71.0 percent. Central Visayas disadvantaged youth was Western was a far second with those served at Visayas with 1,181 (27.9%) and the NCR 135 or 9.8 percent. with 1,000 or 23.6 percent. The least was seen in SOCCSKSARGEN at only Center-based programs got the 14 (0.3%) (Table 4.2). lion’s share at 93.2 percent (1,287), while community-based served numbered 95 Disadvantaged women served or 6.9 percent of beneficiaries (Table 4.4)

Disadvantaged women (DW) Senior citizens served numbering 9,428 were served under the community- and center-based programs A total of 1,616 senior citizens in the fourth quarter 2010. By program, (SCs) were served during the fourth those served under community-based quarter of 2010 under the community- programs totaled 8,797 or 93.3 percent, and center or institution-based programs. while those served under center-based programs numbered 631 (6.7%). By program, those served under community-based programs numbered Among regions, NCR reported the most at 1,187 or 85.9 percent and the most number of beneficiaries with another 429 (31.1%) under center-based 5,180 or 54.9 percent of the total women institutions. served. The least was seen in Western Visayas at 12 or 0.1 percent Table 4.3). Regional tally showed NCR on

SOCIAL WELFARE AND COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT 71

top with 455 (32.9%) SCs served. Other regions followed with minimal outputs such as CALABARZON with 329 (23.8%), Davao Region (14.5%, and Central Visayas (13.8%) (Table 4.5).

FIGURE 3 Total Number of Senior Citizens Served in Community and Center-based Programs by Sex: Fourth Quarter 2010

Male 669 Female 947

72 JOURNAL OF PHILIPPINE STATISTICS

TABLE 4.1 Number of Disadvantaged Children Served by Program/Project/Service by Sex and by Region: Fourth Quarter 2010

Total Number of Children Served Community-based Programs in Community and Center-based Total Number of Children Served Region Programs in Community-based Programs Both Sexes Male Female Both Sexes Male Female

Philippines 12,054 5,742 6,312 9,700 4,764 4,936 NCR 3,462 1,798 1,664 2,543 1,306 1,237 CAR 263 135 128 220 115 105 I -Ilocos Region 714 341 373 613 297 316 II - Cagayan Valley 305 135 170 281 118 163 III -Central Luzon 1,552 706 846 1,218 590 628 IVA - CALABARZON 1,477 702 775 1,422 699 723 IVB - MIMAROPA 1,026 564 462 1,026 564 462 V - Bicol Region 235 111 124 153 77 76 VI-Western Visayas 170 46 124 131 36 95 VII - Central Visayas 841 367 474 666 315 351 VIII-Eastern Visayas 251 85 166 140 56 84 IX -Zamboanga Peninsula 764 330 434 648 293 355 X - Northern Mindanao 450 216 234 335 177 158 XI - Davao Region 315 126 189 188 79 109 XII - SOCCSKSARGEN 91 38 53 9 1 8 XIII - Caraga 138 42 96 107 41 66 ARMM ------

Centers/Institutions Based Services Total Number of Children Served in Centers/Institutions Based Programs Both Sexes Male Female

Philippines 2,354 978 1,376 NCR 919 492 427 CAR 43 20 23 I - Ilocos Region 101 44 57 II - Cagayan Valley 24 17 7 III - Central Luzon 334 116 218 IVA - CALABARZON 55 3 52 IVB - MIMAROPA --- V - Bicol Region 82 34 48 VI - Western Visayas 39 10 29 VII - Central Visayas 175 52 123 VIII - Eastern Visayas 111 29 82 IX - Zamboanga Peninsula 116 37 79 X - Northern Mindanao 115 39 76 XI - Davao Region 127 47 80 XII - SOCCSKSARGEN 82 37 45 XIII - Caraga 31 1 30 ARMM ---

Source: Department of Social Welfare and Development

SOCIAL W ELFARE AND C OMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT 73

TABLE 4.2 Number of Youth Served by Program/Project/Service by Sex and by Region Fourth Quarter 2010

Total Number of Youth Served Community-based Programs in Community and Center-based Total Number of Youth Served Region Programs in Community-based Programs Both Sexes Male Female Both Sexes Male Female

Philippines 4,240 3,092 1,148 3,308 2,260 1,048 NCR 1,000 498 502 703 289 414 CAR 15 14 1 15 14 1 I -Ilocos Region 318 145 173 240 67 173 II - Cagayan Valley 21 5 16 21 5 16 III-Central Luzon 74 74 - 15 15 - IVA - CALABARZON 215 177 38 59 21 38 IVB - MIMAROPA 229 117 112 229 117 112 V-Bicol Region 36 36 - 10 10 - VI -Western Visayas 1,181 1,107 74 1,153 1,079 74 VII - Central Visayas 187 130 57 110 65 45 VIII-Eastern Visayas 64 64 - 3 3 - IX -Zamboanga Peninsula 710 575 135 673 538 135 X-Northern Mindanao 35 35 - 12 12 - XI-Davao Region 94 73 21 40 19 21 XII - SOCCSKSARGEN 14 2 12 14 2 12 XIII-Caraga 47 40 7 11 4 7 ARMM ------

Center/Institution Based Services Total Number of Youth Served in Centers/Institutions Based Programs Both Sexes Male Female

Philippines 932 832 100 NCR 297 209 88 CAR --- I - Ilocos Region 78 78 - II - Cagayan Valley --- III - Central Luzon 59 59 - IVA - CALABARZON 156 156 - IVB - MIMAROPA --- V - Bicol Region 26 26 - VI - Western Visayas 28 28 - VII - Central Visayas 77 65 12 VIII - Eastern Visayas 61 61 - IX - Zamboanga Peninsula 37 37 - X - Northern Mindanao 23 23 - XI - Davao Region 54 54 - XII - SOCCSKSARGEN --- XIII - Caraga 36 36 - ARMM ---

Note: 0 No reported data Source: Department of Social Welfare and Development

74 JOURNAL OF PHILIPPINE STATISTICS

TABLE 4.3 Number of Women Served by Program/Project/Service and by Region Fourth Quarter 2010

Total Number of Women Served Community-based Programs Region in Community and Center-based Total Number of Women Served Programs in Community-based Programs

Philippines 9,428 8,797 NCR 5,180 4,794 CAR 84 78 I - Ilocos Region 39 13 II - Cagayan Valley 228 228 III - Central Luzon 267 198 IVA - CALABARZON 387 382 IVB - MIMAROPA 226 226 V - Bicol Region 261 251 VI - Western Visayas 12 0 VII - Central Visayas 230 199 VIII - Eastern Visayas 208 193 IX - Zamboanga Peninsula 387 363 X - Northern Mindanao 285 263 XI - Davao Region 992 976 XII - SOCCSKSARGEN 250 245 XIII - Caraga 392 388 ARMM - -

Centers/Institutions Based Services Total Number of Women Served in Centers/Institutions Based Programs

Philippines 631 NCR 386 CAR 6 I - Ilocos Region 26 II - Cagayan Valley 0 III - Central Luzon 69 IVA - CALABARZON 5 IVB - MIMAROPA 0 V - Bicol Region 10 VI - Western Visayas 12 VII - Central Visayas 31 VIII - Eastern Visayas 15 IX - Zamboanga Peninsula 24 X - Northern Mindanao 22 XI - Davao Region 16 XII - SOCCSKSARGEN 5 XIII - Caraga 4 ARMM -

Note: 0 No reported data Source: Department of Social Welfare and Development

SOCIAL W ELFARE AND C OMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT 75

TABLE 4.4 Number of Persons with Disabilities (PWDs) Served by Program/Project/Service by Sex and by Region: Fourth Quarter 2010

Total Number of PWDs Served Community-based Programs in Community and Center-based Total Number of PWDs Served Region Programs in Community-based Programs Both Sexes Male Female Both Sexes Male Female

Philippines 1,382 691 691 95 41 54 NCR 981 482 499 12 8 4 CAR 10 4 6 9 4 5 I-Ilocos Region 73 41 32 0 0 0 II-Cagayan Valley 0 0 0 0 0 0 III-Central Luzon 18 1 17 18 1 17 IVA-CALABARZON 48 24 24 48 24 24 IVB - MIMAROPA 1 1 0 1 1 0 V-Bicol Region 0 0 0 0 0 0 VI-Western Visayas 11 10 1 1 0 1 VII-Central Visayas 135 68 67 0 0 0 VIII-Eastern Visayas 3 1 2 3 1 2 IX-Zamboanga Peninsula 49 29 20 1 1 0 X-Northern Mindanao 0 0 0 0 0 0 XI-Davao Region 1 0 1 0 0 0 XII-SOCCSKSARGEN 49 29 20 0 0 0 XIII-Caraga 3 1 2 2 1 1 ARMM ------

Centers/Institutions Based Services Total Number of PWDs Served in Centers/Institutions Based Programs Both Sexes Male Female

Philippines 1,287 650 637 NCR 969 474 495 CAR 1 0 1 I - Ilocos Region 73 41 32 II - Cagayan Valley 0 0 0 III - Central Luzon 0 0 0 IVA - CALABARZON 0 0 0 IVB - MIMAROPA 0 0 0 V - Bicol Region 0 0 0 VI - Western Visayas 10 10 0 VII - Central Visayas 135 68 67 VIII - Eastern Visayas 0 0 0 IX - Zamboanga Peninsula 48 28 20 X - Northern Mindanao 0 0 0 XI - Davao Region 1 0 1 XII - SOCCSKSARGEN 49 29 20 XIII - Caraga 1 0 1 ARMM ---

Note: 0 No reported data Source: Department of Social Welfare and Development

76 JOURNAL OF PHILIPPINE STATISTICS

TABLE 4.5 Number of Senior Citizens (SCs) Served by Program/Project/Service by Sex and by Region: Fourth Quarter 2010

Total Number of SCs Served Community-based Programs in Community and Center-based Total Number of SCs Served Region Programs in Community-based Programs Both Sexes Male Female Both Sexes Male Female

Philippines 1,616 669 947 1,187 501 686 NCR 455 176 279 398 154 244 CAR 7 5 2 7 5 2 I-Ilocos Region 49 14 35 49 14 35 II - Cagayan Valley 26 7 19 26 7 19 III-Central Luzon 31 14 17 31 14 17 IVA - CALABARZON 329 119 210 57 18 39 IVB - MIMAROPA 40 14 26 40 14 26 V - Bicol Region 43 13 30 43 13 30 VI-Western Visayas 0 0 0 0 0 0 VII - Central Visayas 191 109 82 191 109 82 VIII-Eastern Visayas 4 3 1 4 3 1 IX-Zamboanga Peninsula 88 31 57 44 18 26 X - Northern Mindanao 66 18 48 66 18 48 XI - Davao Region 201 114 87 145 82 63 XII - SOCCSKSARGEN 0 0 0 0 0 0 XIII - Caraga 86 32 54 86 32 54 ARMM ------

Center/Institution Based Services Total Number of SCs Served in Center-based Programs Both Sexes Male Female

Philippines 429 168 261 NCR 57 22 35 CAR 0 0 0 I - Ilocos Region 0 0 0 II - Cagayan Valley 0 0 0 III - Central Luzon 0 0 0 IVA - CALABARZON 272 101 171 IVB - MIMAROPA 0 0 0 V - Bicol Region 0 0 0 VI - Western Visayas 0 0 0 VII - Central Visayas 0 0 0 VIII - Eastern Visayas 0 0 0 IX - Zamboanga Peninsula 44 13 31 X - Northern Mindanao 0 0 0 XI - Davao Region 56 32 24 XII - SOCCSKSARGEN 0 0 0 XIII - Caraga 0 0 0 ARMM ---

Note: 0 No reported data Source: Department of Social Welfare and Development

Section V – EDUCATION AND CULTURE

Enrolment in Public Analysis of Tables and Private Schools Enrolment increases in both SYs 2008-2009 elementary and secondary levels and 2009-2010 public and private

For the school year (SY) 2009- 2010, total enrolment in elementary education in the country rose by 1.8 percent, that is 13.93 million from 13.69 million enrolees in SY 2008-2009. Similarly, enrolment in secondary education increased by 0.6 percent from 6.76 million in SY 2008-2009 to 6.81 in SY 2009-2010 (Table 5.1).

Public enrolment greater than that in private

FIGURE 1 Enrolment in Public and Private Elementary Schools SYs 2008-2009 and 2009-2010

14.0 Introduction 12.80 12.57 2009-2010 12.0 2008-2009 Education is the best tool in the country’s fight against poverty. It is 10.0 valuable in eliminating crime and hunger. 8.0 A person who is educated, one who can read and write, able to count and add, 6.0 will easily find a profitable work, and will not be easily influenced to join lawless 4.0 elements whose ways are opposed to Number(In millions) 2.0 1.13 1.11 the rule of law. Education is an indispensable means for effective social 0.0 and economic participation, contributing Public Private to human development and poverty reduction. Enrolment in public elementary

schools likewise reported increases of The Department of Education is 91.9 percent (12.80 million) while that in the agency mandated to watch over the private schools of 8.1 percent (1.13 pre-school, primary, and secondary million). educational system of the country while the Commission on Higher Education Moreover, enrolees in public takes over the tertiary level of secondary schools outnumbered its instruction. 77 78 JOURNAL OF PHILIPPINE STATISTICS

private school counterpart with 5.47 percent. Central Luzon was on third spot million or 80.3 percent of the total and with 14,534 teachers (9.9%). Closely 1.34 million (1.97%) in the private following was Western Visayas with secondary schools (Table 5.1). 13,859 teachers or 9.5 percent.

Number of teachers in public The region with the least number elementary schools increases by 1.0 of public secondary teachers was CAR percent with 2,967 or 2.0 percent (Table 5.2).

There were 361,567 teachers in Number of foreign students down by public elementary schools in SY 2010- 4.8 percent 2011 registering a 1.0 percent increase from the 358,164 teachers recorded the The number of foreign students previous SY (Table 5.2). who were issued study permits for AY 2008-2009 reached 6,967. This was a CALABARZON posts bulk of public 4.8 percent decrease from that of AY elementary teachers 2007-2008’s 7,315 students (Table 5.3).

Of the 361,567 teachers in public FIGURE 2 Number of Foreign Students elementary schools in SY 2010-2011, Academic Years 2007-2008 CALABARZON had the biggest number and 2008-2009 of teachers with 37,187 (10.3%) followed 8,000 7,315 by Central Luzon with 34,952 (9.7%) 6,967 teachers. Western Visayas was on third spot with 32,777 (9.1%). 6,000

The region with the least number 4,000

of public elementary school teachers was Number the Cordillera Administrative Region 2,000 (CAR) with 7,848 teachers or 2.2 percent of the total (Table 5.2). 0 Number of teachers in public 2008-2009 2007-2008 secondary schools increases by 2.3 Academic years percent

There were 146,255 teachers in Promotion of Culture public secondary schools in SY 2010- 2011 posting a 2.3 percent increase from and Arts the 142,994 teachers recorded in SY 2009-2010 (Table 5.2). The National Commission for Culture and the Arts (NCCA) is the NCR records the most number of overall policy, coordinating, and grants public secondary teachers giving agency for the preservation, development, and promotion of Of the 146,255 teachers in public Philippine arts and culture. Its general secondary schools in SY 2010-2011, the function includes the promotion of National Capital Region (NCR) had the cultural and artistic development, largest share of teacher’s with 19,210 or conservation of the nation’s historical and 13.1 percent of the total. CALABARZON cultural heritage, nationwide

came second with 16,193 or 11.1 dissemination of artistic and cultural

EDUCATION AND CULTURE 79

products; and preservation and Cinema integration of traditional culture as part of the national cultural mainstream. 1. Nassier Handang Anggahan – grand prize winner in digital media arts at the 2010 ASEAN- The 2011 Ani ng Dangal Korea Multimedia Competition Awards Honors Filipino and Exhibit for “Water” and the Artists Best Film, South East Asian Documentary Award, at the The NCCA spearheaded the International Science Film annual Ani ng Dangal Awards in Festival for “ IskWATER: Buhay Estero ” recognition of excellence in the seven arts, namely: architecture and allied arts, 2. Rustica Carpio – best actress for cinema, dance, literature, music, theater, the film Lola

visual arts including allied fields like 3. Odyssey Flores – best broadcasting. The award took place at cinematography awardee at the the Sofitel Philippine Plaza Hotel on 11 th Las Palmas de Gran Canaria February 28, 2011. It has become the International Film Festival closing event of the Philippine International Arts Festival 2011. The Ani 4. Anita Linda – best actress for the film Lola ng Dangal awardees have won in international competitions that have 5. Brillante Mendoza – Golden brought pride to the country. They were Lady Harmiguada grand prize given a sarimanok -inspired trophy winner; best director awardee for designed by National Artist for Visual the film Lola at the Sitges Arts Abdulmari Asia Imao. International Film Festival, Grand Jury of Long Metrage and Press The Ani ng Dangal Awards was Award winner at the Festival graced by NCCA OIC Chairman Joelad International de Cinema du Grain Santos, Executive Director Malou Jacob, a Demoudre, the Muhr Commissioner for the Arts and Festival International Film Festival Prize Director Ricardo de Ungria, and winner at the Dubai International members of the Artistic Committee Film Festival, the Grand Knight together with NCCA Art Ambassador Boy Jury Prize winner at the Miami Abunda and Youth Ambassador Filmfest, the Ecumenical Jury Dingdong Dantes. Senator Edgardo J. Award and the Don Quijote Angara was the event’s guest of honor in Award at the 24 th Fribourg the occasion, and who said, “It is International Film Festival, and important for us Filipinos to remember Best Film at the Rome Asian Film that we have produced brilliant minds Festival and great people who inspire us.” 6. Monster Jimenez – winner of IDFA Award for First Appearance- An exhibit showcasing the awards Best Documentary at the 23 rd and citations reaped by these 32 International Documentary Film honorees were on display at the ground Festival Amsterdam for “ Kano : An floor gallery of the NCCA in Intramuros American and His Harem” last February. 7. Ralston Jover - Best Screenplay awardee for the film Bakal Boys The following are this year’s Ani at the Saitama Kawaguchi ng Dangal awardees: Intelligent Park Skip City

80 JOURNAL OF PHILIPPINE STATISTICS

L-R: NCCA Executive Director Malou Jacob, PIAF Arts Ambassador Boy Abunda, Rustica Carpio, Cinema awardee for Lola ; Sen. Edgardo J. Angara, chair of Senate Committee on Education, Arts and Culture; Anita Linda, Cinema awardee for Lola , PIAF Youth Ambassador Dingdong Dantes, NCCA OIC-C hairman Jose Laderas Santos, PIAF Festival Director Ricardo de Ungria

International Digital Cinema 13. Jose Mateo – winner of the Festival, the Cipputti Prize for Outstanding Animation Program Best Film about Children at the for “Prep and Landing” at the 62 nd Toronto International Film Primetime Creative Arts Emmy Festival, Best Digital Film at the Awards th 12 Barcelona Asian Film 14. Ellen Ramos – winner of Best Festival, and the Public Award for World Showcase Feature at the Best Film at the Lyon Asian 2nd SoHo International Film Connection Film Festival Festival 2010 for Walang 8. Lou Veloso – Best Actor Hanggang Paalam

(International Competition) at the th 15. Paolo Villaluna – winner of Best 36 International Independent World Showcase Feature at the Film Festival in Belgium for 2nd SoHo International Film Colorum Festival 2010 for Walang 9. Mark Meily – Best film for Donor Hanggang Paalam. at the 37 th Brussels International film Festival Music

10. Meryll Soriano – Best Actress for Donor at the 37 th Brussels 1. Marielle Corpuz – Grand International Film Festival champion performer of the World and Grand Champion 11. Francis Xavier Pasion – winner Vocalist of the World at the of Best Fiction Feature Film at the th World Championships of the 8 Zinegoak International Film Performing Arts Festival for the film Jay 2. Margaret Marie Necio Ortega – 12. John Paul Seniel – His film Grand prize and English Song “Latus won Best Short Film at the winner for 15 to 21 years old at New York International Star Factor 2010 Independent Film and Video Festival 3. Lorden Panganiban – grand

EDUCATION AND CULTURE 81

prize winner at the 11 th Asia Mundus Cantat Sopot 2010; New Singer Competition (2010 and grand prize, Open Choir Asia Music Festival) Category, and first prize in the

4. Philippine Normal University Mixed Choirs, Madrigal Singing and Sacred Categories, and (PNU) Chorale – 2010 grand th champion in Category III: Youth Best Singing Choir at the 17 Choir (Mixed Young Adult Bangor International Choral Festival Choir), Category IV: Mixed Choir (Historical Program) and 7. De La Salle University (DLSU) Category IV: Mixed Choir (Free Chorale – The DLSU Chorale Program) at the first Institut won gold in folklore (acapella), Teknologi Bandung (ITB) silver in chamber choir (mixed) International Choir Competition and silver in spiritual, gospel,

5. Vehnee Saturno – His music jazz at the International Choir piece entitled “Within” won Best Festival Grand Prix Song at the 11 th Asia New Singer Competition (2010 Asia Visual Arts Music Festival) 1. Carlos L. Esguerra – gold 6. University of Santo Tomas medal winner for his “Chrysler (UST) Singers – The UST Building 8369” at the 9 th Special Singers won in several Themes Contest, 2010 competitions in Europe which Trierenberg Super Circuit, included: first prize Premio de architecture category Habaneras (Juan Aparicio) and Premio Intercontinental and 2. Vance Galvin Tiu Tangcueco – Premio del Publico at the 56 th His piece Here is My Life won the Certamen Internacional de grand prix at the Mitsubishi Asian Children’s EnikkiFesta Habaneras y Polifonia; top prizes at the mixed choir and 3. Orley Yu Ypon - grand prize folk song categories of the 28 th winner for people and figures Festival Internacional De Musica category at the International De Cantonigros (28 th Artist Magazine Competition International Music Festival; 4. Marvin Torres Langote – his My Choir of the World Grand Prix World, My Dream won the grand (The Pavarotti Trophy, first prize, prize at the Hong Kong Youth Choirs Category, and first International Student’s Visual prize, Mixed Choirs Category at rd Arts Contest and Exhibition the 63 Llangollen International Musical Eisteddfod 2010; first 5. Jerome Allen Lorico – Lorico’s place in Mixed Voice choir, A Dress Inspired by Ink and Madrigal Singing, Sacred Music Water won the Fashion Grand and Open Choral Competition Prix, Onward Fashion Award and and Best Visiting Choir at the Japan Cotton Association Award 2010 Bangor International at the Japan International Festival; Grand Prix Mundus Fashion Competition Cantat Sopot 2010 and first prizes in sacred, secular or Literature folklore, and jazz or gospel or spiritual categories at the 6 th 1. Marjorie Evasco – She won the International Choir Festival South East Asian Write Award

82 JOURNAL OF PHILIPPINE STATISTICS

for her collection of poems, one of 69 th George Foster Peabody which is titled “Dancing a Spell.” Awards in New York. Evasco received her award from Prince Maha Vajiralongkorn in the presence of Royal Princess Srirasm and members of the organizing committee at the Source: National Commission for Culture Royal Ballroom of Mandarin and the Arts (NCCA) , Agung March-May Oriental in Bangkok, Thailand in 2011 November 2010

Dance

1. Halili-Cruz Dance Company – grand prize winner/and of four gold trophies at the 21 st Century International Arts Festival Dance Competition and Best Male Dancer at the Bauhinia Cup International Dance Championship

Multi-Disciplinary Arts

1. The NCCA recognized the Inquirer.net for its advertising campaign “Anong Balita”. “Anong Balita,” a collaboration between Esther Misa Chavez, Inquirer net’s US Director for Sales, and Peggy Peralta of Head of the Dog Pictures, received the Award of Excellence, the highest award in the Newspaper or Publication Category during the 16 th Annual Communicator Awards show in New York

2. Niña Corpuz’s article “Filipino Domestic Workers: The Struggle for Justice and Survival” was selected among stories written by journalists who attended the training courses on communicating labor rights by the International Labor Organization

3. “Ambulansiyang de Paa ,” an episode in GMA 7’s i – Witness, hosted by Kara David, won best documentary at the

EDUCATION AND CULTURE 83

TABLE 5.1 Enrolment in Government and Private Schools by Level of Education School Years 2008-2009 and 2009-2010

Elementary Secondary School Year Total Public Private Total Public Private

2009-2010 13,934,172 12,799,950 1,134,222 6,806,079 5,465,623 1,340,456 2008-2009 13,686,643 12,574,506 1,112,137 6,763,858 5,421,562 1,342,296

Source: Department of Education

TABLE 5.2 Number of Teachers in Public Schools by Region and by Level of Education School Years 2009-2010 and 2010-2011

Elementary Secondary Region SY 2010-2011 SY 2009-2010 SY 2010-2011 SY 2009-2010

Philippines 361,567 358,164 146,255 142,994 NCR 31,314 31,044 19,210 18,604 CAR 7,848 7,881 2,967 2,928 I - Ilocos Region 21,604 21,490 9,032 8,996 II - Cagayan Valley 14,721 14,608 5,855 5,739 III - Central Luzon 34,952 34,631 14,534 13,981 IVA - CALABARZON 37,187 36,832 16,193 16,060 IVB - MIMAROPA 12,889 12,663 4,953 4,818 V - Bicol Region 27,056 26,780 10,513 10,208 VI - Western Visayas 32,777 32,644 13,859 13,639 VII - Central Visayas 25,966 25,828 9,856 9,614 VIII - Eastern Visayas 21,897 21,867 7,348 7,152 IX - Zamboanga Peninsula 16,603 16,363 5,703 5,523 X - Northern Mindanao 17,998 17,854 5,979 5,943 XI - Davao Region 17,146 17,007 6,619 6,523 XII - SOCCSKSARGEN 15,765 15,261 6,031 5,893 XIII - Caraga 11,569 11,543 4,271 4,172 ARMM 14,275 13,868 3,332 3,201

Note: Teachers in the government sector include those holding position titles of Master Teachers I-II and Teachers I-III. Source: Department of Education

TABLE 5.3 Number of Foreign Students by Academic Year Academic Years 2007-2008 and 2008-2009

Academic Year Number of Foreign Students

2008-2009 6,967 2007-2008 7,315

Source: Commission on Higher Education

Section VI – HEALTH, NUTRITION AND VITAL STATISTICS

Health and Vital Indicators government service and be fielded in 2011 rural, hard-to-reach, and economically underdeveloped areas.

On the other hand, the production of vital statistics comprises a system of operations in which the registration of vital events is an important component. The system begins with the registration followed by the processing and controlling of vital records and ends with the compilation and analysis of vital statistics.

Under Commonwealth Act (CA) 591, the Bureau of Census, now the National Statistics Office (NSO) is mandated to generate general purpose statistics and to carry out and administer the Civil Registration Act.

Health may refer to the Introduction soundness and general well-being of body and mind. Securing good health for The Department of Health (DOH) people is one way of ensuring welfare is the principal health agency in the and development for the country as a Philippines. It is responsible for ensuring whole. It is, therefore, imperative upon access to basic public health services to the government to make provisions and all Filipinos through the provision of invest in health welfare activities. quality health care and regulation of providers of health goods and services. Vital statistics , on the other hand, are derived from information Given the mandate, the DOH is obtained at the time when the both a stakeholder in the health sector occurrences of vital events and their and a policy and regulatory body for characteristics are inscribed in a civil health. As a major player, it is a technical register. resource, a catalyst for health policy and a political sponsor and advocate for Vital acts and events are the health issues. births, deaths, fetal deaths, marriages, and all such events that have something to do Furthermore, the DOH has an on- with an individual's entrance and departure going program that recruits physicians from life together with the changes in civil and other health practitioners to join status that may occur to a person during

84 HEALTH, NUTRITION AND VITAL STATISTICS 85

his lifetime. Recording of these events in Analysis of Tables the civil register is known as vital or civil registration and the resulting documents There are less number of children are called vital records . under five years old who are likely to die Nutrition is the sum total of the processes involved in the taking in and An estimated 30 children for the utilization of food substances by every 1,000 live births in the Philippines which growth, repair, and maintenance of will likely die before reaching age five. the body are accomplished. It involves ingestion, digestion, absorption and The said estimated under-five assimilation. Nutrients are stored by the mortality rate (U-5MR) or the probability body in various forms and drawn upon of a child born on a specified year and when the food intake is not sufficient. dying before reaching the age of five years based on the 2011 FHS is lower than the estimated deaths per 1,000 live Death Among Children births based on the 2006 Family Under Five Years of Age Planning Survey (FPS). Under-five mortality levels in the Philippines Declines (Results from the continue to improve, falling from 64 2011 Family Health deaths per 1,000 live births in 1993 to 40 Survey) deaths in 2003 (Table 6.1).

Introduction Number of infants likely to die also decreases The National Statistics Office (NSO) conducted the 2011 Family Health Similarly, estimate of infant Survey (FHS). It was a nationwide survey mortality rate (IMR) or the probability of a of 53,162 sample households. A total of child born on a specified year and dying 52,769 women of reproductive age (15- before reaching the age of one year 49 years old) were interviewed to collect declined to 22 deaths per 1,000 live data on fertility, family planning practice, births based on the 2011 FHS from 24 maternal and child health, and maternal deaths per 1,000 live births in 2006 FPS. and child mortality. The survey was From 38 deaths per 1,000 live births in funded mainly by the United States 1993, the IMR also dropped to 29 deaths Agency for International Development in 2003 (Table 6.1). (USAID). NCR reports lowest IMR Definition of Terms Among the regions in the country, Infant mortality rate - Probability the National Capital Region (NCR) of dying between birth and exactly one exhibited the lowest IMR of only 14 year of age expressed per 1,000 live deaths per 1,000 live births and U-5MR births of 20 deaths per 1,000 live births. On the other hand, Eastern Visayas recorded Total fertility rate - the ratio of the highest IMR of 40 deaths per 1,000 live births in an area to the population of live births and U-5MR of 53 deaths per that area expressed per 1000 population 1,000 live births (Table 6.2). per year 86 JOURNAL OF PHILIPPINE STATISTICS

Filipino Women on Health (FHS) conducted by NSO in 2011 revealed that for every 100,000 live births and Family Planning in the Philippines, 221 mothers die during pregnancy and childbirth or shortly after Introduction childbirth.

The expected lifespan of a person The ratio of maternal deaths to who is born in a particular year, say live births increased in 2011 from an 2000, is termed as “life expectancy at estimated 162 deaths from the Family birth”. According to the United Nations, Planning Survey (FPS) in 2006; 172 life expectancy at birth indicates the deaths from the National Demographic number of years a newborn infant would and Health Survey (NDHS) in 1998, and live if prevailing patterns of mortality at 209 deaths from the National the time of its birth were to stay the same Demographic Survey (NDS) conducted in throughout its life. 1993.

In relation to the Millennium At 22.0 percent decrease rate Development Goal Number 5 which aims from the 1990 baseline, the decrease of to improve maternal health and Number the current maternal mortality ratio is still 4 which aims to reduce child mortality, far from the 53 deaths MDG target for life expectancy at birth may be increased 2015. by obtaining health gains from reducing child and maternal mortality including In 2006, six out of 10 married reduction of mortality from diseases and women, 15 to 49 years old, were at risk external causes of death like injuries, of conceiving a child with an elevated risk violence, and poisoning. of mortality.

These women were considered at Analysis of Tables risk either because they were impregnated at an early age (less than Life expectancy rises by 1.5 years 18 years) or too old (age 35 or older) or have more than 3 previous births at an Life expectancy is one of the unacceptably short birth interval (less indicators of human development. than 24 months). The estimate was Current projection (2010-2015) of life higher than the 2005 estimate of 50.6 expectancy at birth rose by 1.5 years for percent (around 5 out of 10 women). both males and females from the 2005- 2010 projections (Table 6.3). Almost half of women use contraceptives Women expect to live longer than males In 2011, the Family Planning Survey (FPS) conducted by NSO The current projected female life revealed 49 in every 100 women or 48.9 expectancy remains higher at 73.14 percent of childbearing age were using a years compared with men at 67.61 years family planning method (Table 6.4). (Table 6.3). For women who were using Nearly one-fourth of pregnant women modern methods, the 2011 estimate was die during pregnancy 36.9 percent (around 37 for every 100 women) from the previous 34.0 percent The latest Family Health Survey in 2008.

HEALTH, NUTRITION AND VITAL STATISTICS 87

Traditional methods such as areas at 50.9 percent (5 out of 10 birth withdrawal, calendar/rhythm/periodic deliveries). abstinence, etc. were still used by women with 12.0 percent (or around 12 for every 100 women) in 2011 and 16.7 Urban Women Bear Less percent in 2008 (Table 6.7). Children Than Rural

The most preferred contraceptive Women (Results from the method used by women in 2011 was pills 2011 Family Health at 19.8 percent with a decrease from 15.7 percent in 2008. Female sterilization Survey) came next at 8.6 percent, which slightly increased from 9.2 percent in 2008. Analysis of Tables

The public sector continued to be Women in urban areas bear less the main provider of modern family children than those in rural areas planning methods in 2008. For female ligation, 7 out of 10 women had their Women in urban areas have operations in government hospitals; 8 out lesser children than those women of 10 women had their IUD in public residing in rural areas. This was among facilities; and 8 out of 10 women had the findings revealed by the results of the their injectibles also from public facilities. 2011 Family health Survey (FHS). Pills (7 out of 10 users) and condoms (8 out of 10 users) were The total fertility rate (TFR) of purchased/acquired in the private sector. women in urban areas averaged 2.7 children per woman. The figure was The 2008 National Demographic lower than the average of 3.6 children and Health Survey (NDHS) conducted by per woman for those in rural areas. TFR NSO revealed that the most pregnant is interpreted as the number of births a women (91.1%) received antenatal care woman could have, on the average, at from skilled providers like doctors, nurses the end of her reproductive year. At the and midwives. About 39.1 percent of national level, the TFR based on the them received care from medical doctors, 2011 FHS was 3.1 (Table 6.7). 50.6 percent received care from midwives, 1.4 percent from nurses, 5.0 Lowest TFR seen in NCR percent from hilots, while 3.8 percent of pregnant women received no antenatal The lowest TFR of 2.5 children care at all. per woman was recorded in the National Capital Region. On the contrary, women 2006 FPS also revealed that 6 in MIMAROPA can bear the most out of 10 birth deliveries or 56.5 percent number of children in their lifetime occurred at home; 27.1 percent (3 out of (average of 4.1 children per woman). 10) in public health facilities; and 15.3 percent (2 out of 10) in private health Women begin childbearing at ages 15 facilities. Most birth deliveries occurring to 19 at home were attended by Hilots (traditional midwives) at 50.4 percent (5 Moreover, the results of the 2011 out of 10 birth deliveries). Likewise, FHS also disclosed that 9.5 percent of medical doctors were leading birth women in the Philippines, aged 15 to 19 attendants in cities and other urban years, have begun childbearing, wherein 88 JOURNAL OF PHILIPPINE STATISTICS

7.4 percent are already mothers and 2.1 percent are pregnant with their first child. The proportion of young women who have begun childbearing range from about one percent among women aged 15 to about 24 percent among women age 19 (Table 6.8). Women who became mothers in their teens were less likely to pursue or finish their education. Most of these women either had no grade completed (20.3 percent) or had reached elementary level (21.4 percent) only.

Teenage mothers number the most in Caraga

The most number of teenage mothers was recorded in Caraga Region with 15.0 percent, while the least number of young mothers were from Region VI with 6.9 percent (Table 6.4).

Source: Department of Health Philippine Commission on Women National Statistics Office

HEALTH, NUTRITION AND VITAL STATISTICS 89

TABLE 6.1 Infant and Under-Five Mortality Rates for Five-Year Periods Preceding the Survey by Survey Years: 2011

Infant Mortality Rate Under-five Mortality Rate No. of Women Survey Year (deaths by 1,000 live birth) (deaths by 1,000 live birth) Interviewed

FHS 2011 22 30 52,769 NDHS 2008 25 34 13,833 FPS 2006 24 32 45,252 NDHS 2003 29 40 13,633 NDHS 1998 35 48 13,983 NDS 1993 38 64 15,029

Sources: 1993 National Demographic Survey; 1998, 2003 and 2008 National Demographic and Health Survey; 1996 Family Planning Survey; and 2011 Family Health Survey

TABLE 6.2 Infant and Under-Five Mortality Rates by Region: 2011

Infant Mortality Rate Under-five Mortality Rate Region (deaths by 1,000 live birth) (deaths by 1,000 live birth)

NCR 14 20 CAR 23 31 I- Ilocos Region 23 28 II - Cagayan Valley 20 28 III - Central Luzon 15 21 IVA - CALABARZON 21 29 IVB - MIMAROPA 39 50 V - Bicol Region 25 39 VI - Western Visayas 23 28 VII - Central Visayas 23 34 VIII - Eastern Visayas 40 53 IX - Zamboanga Peninsula 25 30 X- Northern Mindanao 31 40 XI - Davao Region 27 32 XII - SOCCSKSARGEN 19 29 XIII - Caraga 33 48 ARMM 18 32

Source: National Statistics Office, 2011 Family Health Survey

90 JOURNAL OF PHILIPPINE STATISTICS

TABLE 6.3 Projected Regional Life Expectancy at Birth by Sex and by Number of Years Females will Outlive Males: 2000 Census-based

2000 Census-based Region Male Female Difference

Philippines 66.11 71.64 5.53 NCR 67.61 74.35 6.74 CAR 65.86 71.23 5.37 I- Ilocos Region 68.37 74.72 6.35 II- Cagayan Valley 66.81 71.76 4.95 III - Central Luzon 67.52 74.21 6.69 IVA - CALABARZON 67.39 74.02 6.63 IVB - MIMAROPA 66.91 71.54 4.63 V- Bicol Region 66.11 71.09 4.98 VI - Western Visayas 66.51 72.97 6.46 VII - Central Visayas 67.41 72.69 5.28 VIII - Eastern Visayas 64.75 70.15 5.40 IX - Zamboanga Peninsula 64.61 70.18 5.57 X- Northern Mindanao 65.38 70.61 5.23 XI - Davao Region 65.62 69.91 4.29 XII - SOCCSKSARGEN 65.91 70.84 4.93 XIII - Caraga 59.44 60.43 0.99 ARMM 63.94 69.29 5.35

Source: National Statistics Office, 2000 Census-based Population Projections, unpublished

HEALTH, NUTRITION AND VITAL STATISTICS 91

TABLE 6.4 Percentage of Currently Married Women Aged 15-49 Years by Contraceptive Method Currently Used and Socio-Economic Status: 2006 and 2011

2011 2006 Selected Indicators 95% Confidence Interval 95% Confidence Interval Est. % Est. % Lower Bound Upper Bound Lower Bound Upper Bound

Any Method Total 48.9 48.1 49.7 50.6 49.9 51.3 Poor 43.1 41.7 44.4 47.3 46.2 48.5 Non-Poor 51.3 50.4 52.2 52.4 51.6 53.2 Modern Method Total 36.9 36.2 37.6 35.9 35.2 36.5 Poor 31.8 30.6 33.1 32.4 31.4 33.4 Non-Poor 38.9 38.1 39.8 37.7 36.9 38.5 Pill Total 19.8 19.3 20.4 16.6 16.1 17.2 Poor 18.7 17.7 19.8 17.1 16.3 18.0 Non-Poor 20.3 19.6 20.9 16.4 15.8 17.0 IUD Total 3.1 2.8 3.3 4.1 3.8 4.4 Poor 3.6 3.2 4.1 4.3 3.8 4.8 Non-Poor 2.8 2.3 3.1 4.0 3.7 4.3 Injectables Total 3.4 3.2 3.7 2.8 2.6 3.0 Poor 2.6 2.2 3.0 2.9 2.6 3.3 Non-Poor 3.8 3.4 4.1 2.7 2.5 3.0 Condom Total 1.2 1.1 1.4 1.6 1.4 1.7 Poor 0.7 0.5 0.9 1.1 0.9 1.3 Non-Poor 1.5 1.3 1.7 1.8 1.6 2.0 Female sterilization Total 8.6 8.2 9.0 10.4 10.0 10.8 Poor 5.2 4.7 6.8 6.4 5.9 6.9 Non-Poor 10.0 9.5 10.6 12.5 11.9 13.0 Traditional Method Total 12.0 11.6 12.5 14.8 14.3 15.2 Poor 11.3 10.5 12.1 14.9 14.2 15.7 Non-Poor 12.4 11.8 13.0 14.7 14.1 15.3 Calendar/Rhythm/ Periodic Abstinence Total 3.7 3.4 4.0 7.0 6.6 7.3 Poor 3.6 3.2 4.1 7.1 6.5 7.7 Non-Poor 3.7 3.4 4.0 6.9 6.5 7.3 Withdrawal Total 8.2 7.8 8.6 7.3 7.0 7.7 Poor 7.3 6.7 8.8 7.0 6.4 7.6 Non-Poor 8.6 8.1 9.1 7.5 7.1 7.9

Source: National Statistics Office, 2006 Family Planning Survey and 2011 Family Health Survey

92 JOURNAL OF PHILIPPINE STATISTICS

TABLE 6.5 Percent Distribution of Currently Married Women Using Selected Modern Contraceptive Methods by Most Recent Source of Supply and Socio-Economic Status: 2006 and 2011

Source of most recent Any Modern Method supply of contraceptive modern Female Male Pill IUD Injectables Male methods method Sterilization Sterilization condom

All currently married women 2011 Total 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 Public sector 45.0 74.4 85.1 22.4 78.9 82.0 11.2 Private sector 53.8 25.5 14.9 75.7 20.8 17.5 86.1 Other 1.2 0.1 - 1.9 0.3 0.6 2.6 Don't know ------2006 Total 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 Public sector 58.1 73.8 70.9 42.4 78.7 88.2 15.5 Private sector 40.7 25.5 29.1 56.6 18.5 11.2 82.7 Other 1.1 0.7 - 1.0 2.7 0.7 1.4 Don't know -- - - 0.1 - 0.4

Poor 2011 Total 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 Public sector 53.5 89.0 100.0 32.0 89.2 91.1 33.2 Private sector 43.9 11.0 - 64.0 10.4 8.1 63.3 Other 2.6 - - 4.0 0.4 0.8 3.5 Don't know ------2006 Total 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 Public sector 69.1 89.6 73.4 55.4 87.8 93.4 28.1 Private sector 29.8 9.4 26.6 43.5 10.6 6.0 70.0 Other 1.1 1.1 - 1.1 1.6 0.6 1.9 Don't know ------

Non-poor 2011 Total 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 Public sector 42.1 71.3 79.9 18.8 73.5 79.4 7.2 Private sector 57.1 28.5 20.1 80.1 26.4 20.1 90.4 Other 0.8 0.1 - 1.1 0.2 0.5 2.5 Don't know ------2006 Total 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 Public sector 53.2 69.6 69.8 35.3 73.5 85.2 11.3 Private sector 45.7 29.9 30.2 63.8 23.0 14.1 86.8 Other 1.1 0.6 - 0.9 3.4 0.7 1.3 Don't know 0.1 - - - 0.1 - 0.6

Note: Dash denotes zero count. Source: National Statistics Office, 2006 Family Planning Survey and 2011 Family Health Survey

HEALTH, NUTRITION AND VITAL STATISTICS 93

TABLE 6.6 Percentage of Currently Married Women Aged 15-49 Years by Contraceptive Method Currently Used and Background Characteristics: 2011

Any Method Modern Method Traditional Method Background Est. 95% Confidence Interval Est. 95% Confidence Interval Est. 95% Confidence Interval Characteristics % Lower Upper % Lower Upper % Lower Upper Bound Bound Bound Bound Bound Bound

Age 15-19 28.7 25.4 31.9 19.8 17.0 22.6 8.8 6.8 10.9 20-24 43.9 42.0 45.8 34.6 32.7 36.4 9.3 8.2 10.4 25-29 51.6 49.8 53.3 39.8 38.2 41.3 11.8 10.7 13.0 30-34 54.4 52.7 56.0 42.5 40.9 44.1 11.9 10.9 12.8 35-39 55.1 53.6 56.6 41.3 39.7 42.8 13.8 12.7 14.8 40-44 50.6 48.9 52.3 36.1 34.5 37.7 14.5 13.3 15.7 45-49 37.5 35.8 39.1 26.7 25.3 28.2 10.7 9.5 11.9 Education No education 21.2 16.2 24.6 13.4 9.7 16.5 7.8 4.5 10.2 Elementary 44.3 42.8 45.8 32.2 30.8 33.6 12.1 11.1 13.2 High School 51.6 50.5 52.6 39.5 38.5 40.4 12.1 11.4 12.7 College 49.3 47.9 50.6 37.1 35.8 38.3 12.2 11.3 13.1 Region NCR 48.5 46.5 50.6 37.6 35.7 39.6 10.9 9.7 12.0 CAR 54.3 50.0 58.5 45.9 41.7 50.0 8.4 6.2 10.5 I- Ilocos Region 54.3 50.9 57.7 38.7 35.5 41.8 15.6 13.2 18.1 II- Cagayan Valley 55.9 53.2 58.8 51.0 48.0 53.9 5.0 3.7 6.2 III- Central Luzon 54.9 52.7 57.2 41.2 38.9 43.5 13.7 12.2 15.3 IVA - CALABARZON 54.1 51.5 56.8 36.9 34.9 38.9 17.2 15.3 19.1 IVB - MIMAROPA 46.8 43.7 49.9 36.9 33.9 40.0 9.8 7.9 11.8 V - Bicol Region 41.4 38.9 43.9 26.1 23.7 28.5 15.2 13.2 17.2 VI - Western Visayas 48.2 44.9 51.4 34.9 32.2 37.7 13.2 10.9 15.5 VII - Central Visayas 46.7 43.9 49.5 33.7 30.8 36.5 13.0 11.1 14.9 VIII - Eastern Visayas 47.5 44.1 50.9 30.9 27.6 34.1 16.6 14.3 18.9 IX- Zamboanga Peninsula 37.6 33.5 41.6 30.4 27.0 33.8 7.1 5.6 8.7 X- Northern Mindanao 53.9 49.8 58.0 42.9 39.2 46.7 11.0 9.2 12.8 XI - Davao Region 56.3 53.3 59.3 45.6 42.6 48.5 10.7 9.2 12.2 XII - SOCCSKSARGEN 44.1 40.5 47.7 39.3 35.9 42.6 4.8 3.6 6.0 XIII - Caraga 46.9 43.4 50.3 36.1 33.0 39.2 10.8 9.0 12.5 ARMM 23.5 19.5 27.5 19.1 15.3 22.9 4.4 2.9 5.9 Total 48.9 48.1 49.7 36.9 36.2 37.6 12.0 11.6 12.5

Source: National Statistics Office, 2011 Family Health Survey

94 JOURNAL OF PHILIPPINE STATISTICS

TABLE 6.7 Total Fertility Rate for the Three Years Preceding the Survey by Background Characteristics: 2011

Background Characteristics Total Fertility Rate

Residence Urban 2.7 Rural 3.6

Region NCR 2.5 CAR 3.0 I- Ilocos Region 3.2 II - Cagayan Valley 3.1 III - Central Luzon 2.8 IVA - CALABARZON 2.9 IVB - MIMAROPA 4.1 V- Bicol Region 4.0 VI - Western Visayas 3.2 VII - Central Visayas 3.2 VIII - Eastern Visayas 3.9 IX - Zamboanga Peninsula 3.4 X - Northern Mindanao 3.7 XI - Davao Region 3.4 XII - SOCCSKSARGEN 3.3 XIII - Caraga 3.8 ARMM 2.9

Total 3.1

Source: National Statistics Office, 2011 Family Health Survey

HEALTH, NUTRITION AND VITAL STATISTICS 95

TABLE 6.8 Percentage of Women Age 15-19 Who Are Mothers or Pregnant with Their First Child by Background Characteristics: 2011

Percentage Who Are: Background Characteristics Mothers Pregnant with First Percentage Who Have Number of Women Child Begun Childbearing ('000)

Age 15 0.4 0.8 1.1 953 16 1.7 1.6 3.2 847 17 5.6 1.9 7.5 848 18 10.9 2.8 13.7 876 19 19.7 3.9 23.7 807 Residence Urban 6.2 2.0 8.2 2,248 Rural 8.7 2.3 11.0 2,082 Region NCR 6.2 2.3 8.5 610 CAR 6.5 1.7 8.2 80 I- Ilocos Region 6.5 2.5 9.0 198 II - Cagayan Valley 8.6 2.6 11.2 148 III - Central Luzon 7.4 2.4 9.8 484 IVA - CALABARZON 6.2 1.5 7.7 561 IVB - MIMAROPA 8.9 3.9 12.8 115 V - Bicol Region 5.6 1.9 7.5 228 VI - Western Visayas 5.5 1.4 6.9 306 VII - Central Visayas 7.6 2.4 10.0 298 VIII - Eastern Visayas 6.7 1.9 8.6 196 IX-Zamboanga Peninsula 8.0 1.9 9.8 186 X- Northern Mindanao 9.9 2.9 12.9 194 XI - Davao Region 11.2 2.6 13.8 190 XII - SOCCSKSARGEN 10.7 2.9 13.6 193 XIII - Caraga 11.6 3.3 15.0 113 ARMM 6.9 0.5 7.4 230 Education No grade completed 19.0 1.3 20.3 24 Elementary 16.3 5.1 21.4 543 High School 6.9 1.9 8.8 2,929 College or higher 2.8 1.1 3.9 834 Total 7.4 2.1 9.5 4,330

Source: National Statistics Office, 2011 Family Health Survey

Section VII – DEFENSE, CRIME AND DELINQUENCY

Crime Indicators following discussion.

First Quarter 2011 The Revised Penal Code of 1990

classified crimes either as public or private. Public crimes are those that directly endanger the society and its constituents such as those committed against national security, laws of the state, public order, public interest, and public morals, including drug-related offenses and those committed by public officers in the performance of their duty Private crimes as civil servants. , on the other hand, are those that afflict individuals or persons directly but endanger society on the whole, such as crimes against persons (destruction of life, parricide, murder, homicide, infanticide and abortion, and physical injuries); personal liberty and security; and crimes against property, chastity, and honor.

Introduction In measuring crime volume, a distinct classification is used. Crimes are The government agency classified into index and non-index Index crimes mandated to enforce the law, to prevent categories. are those of and control crimes, to maintain peace serious nature which occur with marked and order, and to ensure public safety frequency and regularity. Crimes against and internal security with the active persons and crimes against property support of the community is the being normally reported to police Non- Philippine National Police (PNP). authorities exemplify index crimes. index crimes , on the other hand, are The PNP's collective effort to those with no marked regularity, hence, address areas of priority, namely , the seldom find report in police files. campaigns against illegal drugs, illegal gambling, terrorism, street crimes, Analysis of Tables kidnapping, bank robberies, hi-jacking, carnapping, and those against wanted Crime volume down by almost 20.0 persons and criminal gangs, as well as percent the accounting of firearms, and insurgency or communist terrorism find A total of 66,179 crimes were substance in the data presented in the reported in the first quarter of 2011

96 DEFENSE , CRIME AND DELINQUENCY 97

against 82,564 in the same period of This was a dent of more than nine 2010. Volume decreased by more than thousand incidents or by 18.9 percent. 16 thousand incidents or by 19.8 percent. Solved index crimes numbered only Solved crimes numbered only 16,888 or 8,194 for an equivalent efficiency rate of an efficiency of 25.5 percent. 19.5 percent. An increase of 5.9 percentage points in efficiency was FIGURE 1 Total Volume observed, from 13.6 percent in the fourth and Efficiency Rate quarter of 2010 (Table 7.2). First Quarter 2010 and 2011

Total crime volume Index crimes occur the most in 90,000 Efficiency rate 30.0 Central Luzon

80,000 25.0 Central Luzon reported a total of 70,000 6,336 cases for a 15.1 percent share in

60,000 20.0 the first quarter of 2011. The NCR came close with 13.2 percent of the crimes. 50,000 Reported one of the highest efficiency 15.0 40,000 rates at 45.6 percent. Central Visayas was on third place with 11.2 percent of Efficiency rate

Crimevolume 30,000 10.0 total crimes. On the other hand, the 20,000 ARMM reported the least in both periods, 5.0 10,000 168 (0.3%) in the first quarter of 2011 from 190 (0.4%) in the same period in 0 0.0 2010 (Table 7.2). First Qtr 2011 First Qtr 2010 Non-index crimes down by more than Central Luzon reports 17.2 percent of 80.0 percent crimes FIGURE 2 Index and Non-index Crimes Across regions, Central Luzon First Quarter 2010 and 2011 recorded the bulk of crimes committed, 11,353 for an equivalent 17.2 percent. 60,000 First Qtr 2011 The National Capital Region (NCR) came 51,855 First Qtr 2010 50,000 on second spot with 12.8 percent of the 42,036 total or 8,463 crimes. Other regions 40,000 which reported more crimes included 30,709 30,000 Central Visayas (10.2%), CALABARZON 24,143

(10.0%), Davao Region (7.3%) and Number 20,000 Northern Mindanao (7.0%). At the bottom was the Autonomous Region in 10,000 Muslim Mindanao (ARMM) with a report of 241 (0.3%) crimes and with a 0 corresponding efficiency of 25.3 percent Index crimes Non-index crimes (Table 7.1). Type of crime

Index crimes down 18.9 percent By nomenclature, non-index crimes do not occur regularly, hence, Total volume of index crimes went they number less than index crimes. A down to 42,036 in the first quarter 2011 decrease in such crimes was observed from 51,855 in the same period in 2010. in the period under review. A total of 98 JOURNAL OF PHILIPPINE STATISTICS

24,143 crimes of this type was reported Reports from the regions reflected in the first quarter 2011 from 30,709 in volume decreases. It was in Central the same period in 2010 or a decrease of Luzon where the bulk of these crimes more than six thousand (21.4%). took place, 16.3 percent of the total. Efficiency rates moved up to 36.0 CALABARZON with 10.4 percent came percent from 21.5 percent (Table 7.2). next and NCR came on third with 10.0 percent. The ARMM had the least with a Central Luzon registered the bulk report of 0.7 percent share (Table 7.3). of non-index crimes with 20.8 percent of the total in the first quarter period of Crime against property slows down 2011. NCR came on second place with by 11.1 percent 12.1 percent share. The ARMM reported the least in this category, from 0.2 FIGURE 4 Crime versus Property percent in 2010 to 0.3 percent in 2011, First Quarter 2010 and 2011 all of fourth quarter (Table 7.2). First Qtr 2011 20,000 Crime against persons slips to 24.7 First Qtr 2010 18,108 percent 18,000 15,653 16,000 FIGURE 3 Crime Against Persons 14,000 First Quarter 2010 and 2011 12,000

First Qtr 2011 10,000 8,339 First Qtr 2010 7,868 20,000 19,361 Number 8,000 18,000 6,000 16,000 4,000 14,000 12,217 2,000 12,000 - 10,000 Robbery Theft Number 8,000 Type of crime 6,000

4,000 2,109 1,936 1,242 2,000 918 867 1,267 Volume of crimes committed - against property went down by 11.1 Murder Homicide Physical Rape percent, from 26,447 in 2010 first quarter injury to only 23,521 in the 2011 first quarter. Type of crime Majority of these crimes were reported to be theft (66.5%) and the other was Crimes committed against robbery (33.4%). persons dented by 29.7 percent, from NCR reported the biggest crime 23,431 in f irst quarter 2010 to 16,486 in 2011 first quarter. volume of this kind, 3,453 (14.7%) and followed closely by Central Visayas at 3,443 (14.6%). At the cellar was ARMM By t ype of crime, that on physical injury was the biggest with 12,217 with a crime report of 39 cases (0.1%) incidents (74.1%). Murder was second (Table 7.4). with 12.7 percent share, rape 7.5 percent, while the least went to homicide at 5.6 percent.

DEFENSE , CRIME AND DELINQUENCY 99

Profile of Drug (52.6%) were single and came from families whose average size was 4-5. or Substance Abusers 2009-2010 By educational attainment 12.2 percent were high school graduates, 29.6 The proliferation of illegal drugs percent were in the college level, 12.1 poses a serious threat to peace and percent were college graduates. Number order as drug-related crimes are found to of those who reached college and be on the rise. The illegal drug trade has finished college improved in 2010. become a lucrative business to some unscrupulous people, not only in the In terms of occupation, most drug Philippines, but worldwide. It is also abusers were unemployed (33.7%), believed that drug-related crimes bring workers and employees comprised 27.5 about serious illnesses and even percent, self employed 19.2 percent and infectious diseases such as HIV or AIDS. students were 5.1 percent. Out-of-school youth numbered 9.7 percent.

At the helm of the big drug Most drug abusers came from scenario is the Dangerous Drugs Board families with income, as in 2010, their (DDB). It is mandated to serve as the families earned a monthly income of government's policy-making and PhP17.54 thousand and whose strategy-formulating agency in matters residence was urban. concerning drug abuse prevention and control. These drug abusers took numerous drugs or they were poly drug The Philippine National Police users and they have been taking them (PNP) through its Anti-Illegal Drugs for more than six years. Special Operations Task Force (AIDSOTF) takes charge of arrests of Drugs most abused were shabu drug offenders and in the seizure of and marijuana (Table 7.5). voluminous illegal drugs. The Philippine Drug Enforcement Agency (PDEA), as well, is in tow with the PNP in discovering and dismantling processing facilities of illegal drugs.

The following discussion attempts to show the profile of drug offenders in the country covering the period from 2009-2010.

Analysis of Table

In the period 2009 to 2010, drug offenders were mostly males, with a sex ratio of 10:1 in 2010 and 9:1 in 2009.

Mean or average age in 2009 was 28 years old and which rose to 29 in 2010. By civil status, most of them 100 JOURNAL OF PHILIPPINE STATISTICS

TABLE 7.1 Total Crime Volume and Efficiency Rate by Region First Quarter: 2010 and 2011

First Quarter 2011 First Quarter 2010 Region Efficiency Efficiency Volume Solved Volume Solved Rate Rate

Philippines 66,179 16,888 25.5 82,564 13,667 16.6 NCR 8,463 4,677 55.3 10,357 4,621 44.6 CAR 3,594 322 9.0 4,265 369 8.7 I - Ilocos Region 2,847 996 35.0 4,141 792 19.1 II - Cagayan Valley 1,342 341 25.4 3,026 293 9.7 III - Central Luzon 11,353 1,383 12.2 14,809 1,407 9.5 IVA - CALABARZON 6,594 1,939 29.4 6,671 1,183 17.7 IVB-MIMAROPA 1,309 258 19.7 2,626 272 10.4 V - Bicol Region 3,528 794 22.5 3,356 197 5.9 VI - Western Visayas 2,487 859 34.5 6,085 357 5.9 VII - Central Visayas 6,732 1,726 25.6 8,986 1,506 16.8 VIII - Eastern Visayas 2,523 416 16.5 984 218 22.2 IX - Zamboanga Peninsula 2,124 456 21.5 4,121 591 14.3 X - Northern Mindanao 4,601 409 8.9 4,453 360 8.1 XI -Davao Region 4,801 993 20.7 4,847 513 10.6 XII - SOCCSKSARGEN 2,402 1,001 41.7 1,688 680 40.3 Caraga 1,238 257 20.8 1,879 285 15.2 ARMM 241 61 25.3 270 23 8.5

Source: Philippine National Police

TABLE 7.2 Index and Non-index Crimes by Region First Quarter: 2010 and 2011

Index Crimes First Quarter 2011 First Quarter 2010 Region Efficiency Efficiency Volume Solved Volume Solved Rate Rate

Philippines 42,036 8,194 19.5 51,855 7,075 13.6 NCR 5,540 2,529 45.6 7,042 2,635 37.4 CAR 2,260 177 7.8 2,609 201 7.7 I - Ilocos Region 1,616 492 30.4 2,459 407 16.6 II - Cagayan Valley 889 190 21.4 1,469 145 9.9 III - Central Luzon 6,336 660 10.4 8,336 591 7.1 IVA - CALABARZON 4,064 810 19.9 4,116 591 14.4 IVB - MIMAROPA 687 126 18.3 1,393 132 9.5 V - Bicol Region 1,896 344 18.1 2,039 94 4.6 VI - Western Visayas 1,722 332 19.3 4,191 179 4.3 VII - Central Visayas 4,839 753 15.6 6,406 757 11.8 VIII - Eastern Visayas 1,564 228 14.6 645 90 14.0 IX - Zamboanga Peninsula 1,363 244 17.9 2,164 352 16.3 X - Northern Mindanao 3,462 215 6.2 3,214 198 6.2 XI - Davao Region 3,447 513 14.9 3,250 239 7.4 XII - SOCCSKSARGEN 1,287 372 28.9 980 300 30.6 Caraga 896 163 18.2 1,352 149 11.0 ARMM 168 46 27.4 190 15 7.9

Continued

DEFENSE, CRIME, AND DELINQUENCY 101

Table 7.2 -- Concluded

Non-index Crimes First Quarter 2011 First Quarter 2010 Region Efficiency Efficiency Volume Solved Volume Solved Rate Rate

Philippines 24,143 8,694 36.0 30,709 6,592 21.5 NCR 2,923 2,148 73.5 3,315 1,986 59.9 CAR 1,334 145 10.9 1,656 168 10.1 I -Ilocos Region 1,231 504 40.9 1,682 385 22.9 II -Cagayan Valley 453 151 33.3 1,557 148 9.5 III -Central Luzon 5,017 723 14.4 6,473 816 12.6 IVA-Calabarzon 2,530 1,129 44.6 2,555 592 23.2 IVB-Mimaropa 622 132 21.2 1,233 140 11.4 V -Bicol Region 1,632 450 27.6 1,317 103 7.8 VI -Western Visayas 765 527 68.9 1,894 178 9.4 VII-Central Visayas 1,893 973 51.4 2,580 749 29.0 VIII-Eastern Visayas 959 188 19.6 339 128 37.8 IX -Zamboanga Peninsula 761 212 27.9 1,957 239 12.2 X -Northern Mindanao 1,139 194 17.0 1,239 162 13.1 XI -Davao Region 1,354 480 35.5 1,597 274 17.2 XII-Soccsksargen 1,115 629 56.4 708 380 53.7 XIII-Caraga 342 94 27.5 527 136 25.8 ARMM 73 15 20.5 80 8 10.0

Source: Philippine National Police

TABLE 7.3 Crime Against Persons by Region: First Quarter 2010 and 2011

Crime Against Persons Region First Quarter 2011 First Quarter 2010 Total Murder Homicide Physical Rape Total Murder Homicide Physical Rape Injury Injury

Philippines 16,486 2,109 918 12,217 1,242 23,431 1,936 867 19,361 1,267 NCR 1,644 162 110 1,259 113 2,313 141 112 1,923 137 CAR 1,084 42 26 977 39 1,584 46 35 1,456 47 I -Ilocos Region 916 60 55 750 51 1,561 80 42 1,391 48 II -Cagayan Valley 472 60 29 350 33 933 57 21 820 35 III -Central Luzon 2,688 146 73 2,240 229 4,555 157 86 4,088 224 IVA-Calabarzon 1,708 310 110 1,077 211 1,984 207 87 1,514 176 IVB-Mimaropa 415 60 20 298 37 921 59 27 787 48 V -Bicol Region 1,044 124 51 789 80 1,230 112 59 954 105 VI -Western Visayas 761 154 69 432 106 1,530 160 91 1,171 108 VII -Central Visayas 1,233 164 98 892 79 1,851 196 86 1,469 100 VIII-Eastern Visayas 741 116 45 549 31 311 95 25 167 24 IX -Zamboanga Peninsula 688 120 42 465 61 1,171 132 59 920 60 X -Northern Mindanao 996 150 45 745 56 1,110 127 39 897 47 XI -Davao Region 1,112 164 63 851 34 1,202 126 30 1,009 37 XII-Soccsksargen 510 134 45 279 52 525 116 35 333 41 XIII-Caraga 354 90 33 203 28 513 71 27 389 26 ARMM 120 53 4 61 2 137 54 6 73 4

Source: Philippine National Police

102 JOURNAL OF PHILIPPINE STATISTICS

TABLE 7.4 Crime Against Property by Region: First Quarter 2010 and 2011

First Quarter 2011 First Quarter 2010 Region Total Robbery Theft Total Robbery Theft

Philippines 23,521 7,868 15,653 26,447 8,339 18,108 NCR 3,453 1,587 1,866 4,356 2,109 2,247 CAR 1,158 303 855 968 240 728 I - Ilocos Region 633 109 524 852 213 639 II - Cagayan Valley 353 149 204 458 133 325 III - Central Luzon 3,310 1,044 2,266 3,448 1,071 2,377 IVA - CALABARZON 2,039 820 1,219 1,929 783 1,146 IVB - MIMAROPA 248 106 142 437 134 303 V - Bicol Region 817 244 573 764 197 567 VI-Western Visayas 904 224 680 2,547 545 2,002 VII - Central Visayas 3,443 1,244 2,199 4,384 1,152 3,232 VIII - Eastern Visayas 814 175 639 326 82 244 IX - Zamboanga Peninsula 619 221 398 899 262 637 X -Northern Mindanao 2,251 611 1,640 1,915 594 1,321 XI - Davao Region 2,238 667 1,571 1,954 513 1,441 XII - SOCCSKSARGEN 695 215 480 359 112 247 XIII - Caraga 507 140 367 812 176 636 ARMM 39 9 30 39 23 16

Source: Philippine National Police

DEFENSE, CRIME, AND DELINQUENCY 103

TABLE 7.5 Profile of Drug Abusersª: 2009-2010

Characteristics 2010 2009

Sex ratio 9:1 10:1 Mean age 29 28 Civil status (in percent) Single 52.6 58.0 Married 28.3 25.5 Others 19.1 16.5 Average family size 4-5 4-5 Educational attainment (in percent) High school level 26.9 30.1 High school graduate 12.2 13.8 College level 29.6 26.8 College graduate 12.1 9.5 Others 19.2 19.8 Occupation (in percent) Unemployed 33.7 36.0 Workers/employees 27.5 26.4 Self-employed 19.2 14.4 Students 5.1 7.8 Out-of-school youth 9.7 9.1 Others 4.7 6.4

Average monthly family income P17,545.14 P16,290.80

Place of residence urban urban (specifically NCR) (specifically NCR)

Nature of drug taking poly drug use poly drug use

Duration of drug taking more than more than six (6) years six (6) years

Drugs of abuse shabu, marijuana shabu, marijuana

Note: ª Recorded cases from residential and out-patient facilities Sex ratio is defined as the number of males to females. Source: Dangerous Drugs Board

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