710 PASCHAL CANON Oct. p. 114, would suggest that the only groups of nineteen years which present even an approximation to the cycle of Anatolius are A.D. 545-568, 556-574, 572-590, 588-601. Of these I should be dis- posed to exclude the second, for the following reason. I have already said that Anatolius' second column, that of the age of the moon on 25 March, is probably borrowed from an earlier and sounder decem- novennal computation; and this second column presents Ies3 ap- proximation to the correct ' Paschal terms ' (or luna xiiiL) for AJJ. 556-574 than for the other three. In the case of the first and fourth, the' Pawhal terms' of the first six years, in the case of the third those Downloaded from of the last two years, arc exactly equal; and in the other years the difference is only that of a single cypher. Greater certainty I do not pretend to attain to; but I do not think that the soundness of ihe conclusion as a whole is affected by any doubt that still remains as to the details. C. H. TUBNBB. http://ehr.oxfordjournals.org/

ENGLISH XOPOGKAPHICiL NOTES. I. Some Place-Names in Bede. BEDE, in the ' Historia Ecclesiastica,' mentions the Roman names of sixteen towns, &c., in England:— at New York University on June 28, 2015 Calcaria . . Tadcaster iv. 23 Campodonuni . Slack, near Hudderafield . . . iL 14 Cantia . . . Kent often Cataracto (-a) . Catterick ii. 14, Canterbury often Doruucntio . . the E. Yorkshire river Derwent . . iL 18 Eboracum . . York often Lugubalia . . Carlisle iv. 29 Hutubi Portus . Richborough L1 fjabrina . . the Severn v. 23 Tamensis . . the Thames often Tanatos . . Isle of Thanet L 25 Vecta . . . Isle of Wight L 3 Venta . . . Winchester EL 7 Verulamium . . St. Albans L 7 These names are not contemporary names fitted into a Latin dress, like (I think) Lindocolinum or Lundonia; they are, with slight differences, the actual names used by the Bomans three or four centuries before Bede. About half of them became known, or at least may have become known, to Bede through the Boman writers from whom he borrowed: the rest, notably Calcaria, Cam- podonuni, Cataracto, Dorubreuis, Doruuernis, Lugubalia, cannot be thus accounted for. Bede could scarcely have learnt these obscure 1895 ENGLISH TOPOGRAPHICAL NOTES 711 Roman names from any Roman source, unless from some itinerary or description of Britain, and, so far as one can judge, he had no access to any such source. His ignorance of the real Roman names of Lincoln and London, Chester and Caerleon, is decisive proof that he used no such authority. It is, however, possible that he learnt the names Calcaria, Campodonum, and the rest from some post-Roman—British or English—source or sources. We do not know whence he derived the materials for the chapters in which these names occur ; for the most part his sources would naturally

be English. But it is not difficult to show that the names might Downloaded from easily have been preserved. The Romanised Britons spoke Latin to a considerable extent, and presumably used the Roman place- names, and those now in question might have been learnt from them by the English with little difficulty. They belong mainly to

(1) Kent and (2) Yorkshire. (1) Kent, the first land definitely http://ehr.oxfordjournals.org/ occupied by the English, was, in the first instance, occupied by agreement, and the conquerors might hear and record Roman place-names. (2) In South and West Yorkshire the British kingdom of Elmet survived till about AJ>. 625, and its conquest was seemingly preceded by intercourse between Britons and English. We do not know the exact limits of Elmet, but it seems certainly to have in- cluded the neighbourhood of Calcaria and Campodonum. Lugubalia, as a chief town of the Cumbrian Britons, retained its Roman name at New York University on June 28, 2015 similarly.

II. Bannavem Taberniae. The ' Confessio' attributed to St. Patrick and some lives of the saint say that his father, Calpurnius, lived in uico Baimauem Tabennae, vhi ego \Patr^ capturam dedi. The place has been identified in a great variety of ways, with the aid—usually—of more or less violent emendation or etymology. It may be worth while pointing out that Bannaventa is the name in the Antonine itinerary for a ' station' on Watling Street, probably three or four miles from Daventry, which itself lies west of the road, while Banna is the name of an unidentified spot in the north, probably a dozen miles east of Carlisle, near the Wall. I do not know what can be made of berniae or nemtaberniae, the two relics of the vulgate. It seems to be paleographically and otherwise impossible to explain hcniiae (as has been suggested) as a contraction of Britanniae, or (as has also been suggested) as a corruption of Hibcrniae, as (inter alia) the name of Ireland in the ' Confcasio' is Hyberio; but the fact that Bannauem Taberniae contains the whole of an actual place-name, Bannauenta, is a curious coincidence. Patrick's ' Confessio,' even if not by St. Patrick (Pflugk-Harttung, Heidclhcrgcr Jahrb. iii. 71), is, at any rate, old, and would naturally preserve the tradition of a Romano-British name. I should udd that the coincidence of Ban- 712 A WORCESTER CATHEDRAL Oct. nauem Taberniae and Bannauenta has been independently observed by three persons—by myself, by Mr. E. W. B. Nicholson, Bodley's librarian, and by a writer some time since in the Dublin Review. I am unfortunately unable to accept the inferences drawn from the coincidence by Mr. Nicholson and by the Dublin reviewer, and I have therefore ventured to state the cose as I conceive it. F. HAVEBFIKT.P. Downloaded from A WOBCESTEB CATHEDRAL BOOK OP ECCLESIASTICAL COLLECTIONS, MADE C. 1000 A.D. THE Corpus Christi College, Cambridge, MS. 265,' which at one time belonged to Worcester Cathedral, contains a collection of theological and legal materials, written in an English hand of the late tenth or http://ehr.oxfordjournals.org/ early eleventh century. The purpose of the writer in copying out a quantity of extracts, taken from various sources, seems to have been to make a kind of theological commonplace-book specially intended for a bishop's use. The sources of the passages are not always acknowledged; they are not methodically arranged, and vary greatly in length. Scrapbooks of t.hja kind appear to have found

peculiar favour with the monks of the early eleventh century, for at New York University on June 28, 2015 mmiiar collections, made about this time, which contain extracts on the subjects of church discipline, canon and capitulary law, penitential systems and liturgical rules, are found in the C.C.C.C. MS. 190, the Cotton MS. Nero A I, the Bodleian MS. 718 .(Book I.) and the BibL Nat., Paris, MS. Fonds Latin 3182, to name only those which do not merely resemble C.C.C.C. 265 in general character, but are also closely similar in detail. In these manuscripts the same extracts show a tendency to recur in the same or closely similar sequence, a sequence which appears to be perfectly haphazard, if each manuscript be studied separately. Sometimes the same great theologian's name is chosen to give sanc- tion to a set of laws which cannot have been in existence during his lifetime: sometimes the same slips of the pen are repeated: sometimes the scribes seem to agree to detach a couple of sentences from their context—sentences which appear to have no importance in them- selves. All this is very unaccountable, if between these scribes there was no co-operation, and no common original from which they could draw. Tet it would be a hard matter to prove any connexion between these manuscripts; for though many points of similarity in detail are noticeable, the points of dissimilarity are no less striking. All that can be attempted here is to note some of the entries which can be traced to their original source, some entries 1 Formerly E. 2. My best ^hfi*1^ ftrc duA to the librarim, Mr. H&nner, for hu kindness In allowing me frequent access to the Corpus MSS.