ENZYME PATTERNS OF THE ORGANS OF THE GOOSE EFFECTS OF FATTENING ON LIVER ENZYMES J.P. Braun, A. Vuillaume, P. Benard, A.G. Rico
To cite this version:
J.P. Braun, A. Vuillaume, P. Benard, A.G. Rico. ENZYME PATTERNS OF THE ORGANS OF THE GOOSE EFFECTS OF FATTENING ON LIVER ENZYMES. Annales de Recherches Vétérinaires, INRA Editions, 1985, 16 (3), pp.293-295. hal-00901586
HAL Id: hal-00901586 https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00901586 Submitted on 1 Jan 1985
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J.P. BRAUN1 A. VUILLAUME2 P.1 BENARD A.G. RICO
1: Laboratoire associé INRA de Toxicologie Biochimique et Métabolique, ENVT, 31076 Toulouse Cedex, France. 2: Laboratoire des Services Vétérinaires, 10 avenue Pasteur, 40000 Mont De Marsan, France.
Résumé
DISTRIBUTION DES ENZYMES DANS LES ORGANES DE L’OIE. EFFETS DE L’ENGRAISSEMENT SUR LES ENZYMES HÉPATIQUES. ― La distribution de quelques enzymes dans les organes de l’oie a été étudiée: la Créatine kinase est spécifique du muscle, la Glutamate déshydrogénase du foie et la Gamma- Glutamyl Transférase du pancréas et du foie. La production de foie gras a produit une forte dilution des enzymes hépatiques sauf pour la LDH qui n’est que peu abaissée. Ce dernier enzyme est probablement l’un des tests les plus intéressants reflétant les perturbations hépatiques pendant le gavage.
Modern breeding units attempt to provide a Materials and Methods scientific ground the production of goose fatty liver in the aim of producing high quality products Tissue samples (5 g) were collected from 10 clinically healthy geese before fattening : liver, kidney, spleen, as fast as possible and thus of reducing costs. For pancreas and muscle. Moreover, after fattening, a this purpose, metabolic profiles using serum sample was taken from 10 «extra» quality livers and 10O have our enzymes been used but to the best of «second» quality livers according to a commercial classi- knowledge the distribution of enzymes has only fication (Sica, 40 Saint-Sever) which takes weight, been poorly investigated in the goose. Szylit et al. colour and aspect into account and distributes livers into (1968) and Ivorec-Szylit and Szylit (1969) one of the following categories: Extra, First, Second, demonstrated that liver lactate dehydrogenase is Large, Poultry. The mean weight of ccextra» livers was increased during the first week of fattening and 750 g whereas that of «second» was only 550 g. All were rinsed in normal Bogin et al. (1978) showed that in fatty livers samples saline, blotted, packed individually and frozen at ― 30 °C until analyzed within a most activities of are enzyme per gram protein week. higher than in control livers. One gram of each sample was homogenized with ice- Thus we intended to study the enzyme patterns cold saline (1/5; w/w) in a Potter-Elvejhem device. The of goose organs to demonstrate the possible analyses were performed on the supernatant obtained specificity of some enzymes and we also investi- after centrifuging for 5 min at 3 000 g. gated differences of enzyme patterns in high and The following enzymes were measured at 30 °C by low quality fatty livers. commercial kinetic procedures (Boehringer France): Aspartate Amino Transferase (Asp AT; E.C. 2,6,1.1). pancreas. The variations of enzyme patterns in the Alanine Amino Transferase (Ala At; E.C. 2.6.1.2). Alka- liver after fattening are given in table 2. All line Phosphatases (ALP; E.C. 3.1.3.1 Gamma-Glutamyl enzyme activities expressed per gram of fresh liver Transferase (GGT; E.C. 2.3.2.2), Pseudo-cholinesterases were lowered in fatty livers. The extent of enzyme Leucine Amino (CHE; 3.1.1.8): Peptidase (LAP; «dilution» differed: resi- E.C.3.4.11.t, Creatine-kinase (CK; E.C. 2.7.3.2), by lipid storage greatly dual activities from 10 °/ for Ala Lactate Dehydrogenase (LDH; E.C. 1.1.1.27), Glutamate ranged PAL, LAP, Dehydrogenase (GLD; E.C. 1.4.1.27) and Glucose-6- AT and CPK to 20 % for GLD to 30 % for CHE, Asp Phosphate Dehydrogenase (G6P; E.C. 1.1.1.49). AT, G6P and even 70 % for LDH. Moreover, for most residual activities All analytical data were fed into an IRIS 80 Computer enzymes (except LDH) (Cli) and analyzed mainly by variance analysis and were higher in «second» quality livers. Student’s t-test.
Discussion
Results The distribution of enzymes in the organs of the goose demonstrates that some enzymes can be Table 1 gives the distribution of the enzymes in considered as good «liver markers». As in most the organs of geese before fattening. Some other species, Glutamate Dehydrogenase and enzymes were relatively organ-specific: CPK for Gamma-Glutamyl Transferase also have a high muscles, GLD for liver and GGT for liver and catalytic concentration in kidney but kidney damage induces urine enzyme excretion and marker of liver disturbances while fattening, even almost no disturbance of serum enzymes. if the muscle also contains a high concentration of The variations of liver enzymes as a function of LDH as previously demonstrated (Bogin and liver lipid storage showed that most enzyme acti- Israeli, 19761. vities expressed as U/g fresh tissue were «dilut- ed»; such an effect was even more important in Received, 20th September, 1984. «extra» quality livers than in «second» quality Accepted, 22th December, 1984. ones, demonstrating the extent of lipid storage. Moreover, Lactate Dehydrogenase was only Acknowledgments moderately decreased by liver storage and there was almost no difference between «extra» and We thank the Sica-Foie Gras des Landes in 40500 which « second» quality livers: such results are consist- Saint-Sever-France, kindly provided all and for tech- ent with previous results demonstrating an samples, Marie-B6atrice Oumehdi nical the was desi- increase of liver LDH expressed as U/g proteins assistance; computer program (Bogin et al., 19781. The increase of concentration gned by Professor Fernet (H6tel Dieu, Toulouse). per g liver protein compensating for the «diluting»» This work was supported by a grant from the effect of lipid storage. Thus it appears that Lactate «Direction de la Qualite», Minist6re de I’Agri- Dehydrogenase is probably a very sensitive culture, Paris, France.
Summary
The distribution of some enzymes in the organs of the goose was investigated: Creatine-kinase was specific for muscles, Glutamate Dehydrogenase for liver and Gamma-Glutamyl Transferase for pancreas and liver. The production of fatty liver induced an important dilution of liver enzymes except for Lactate Dehydrogenase which was only moderately lowered. This latter enzyme is probably one of the most interesting markers of liver disturbances while fattening is occurring.
References
BOGIN E., AVIDAR B., RIVETZ B., ISRAELI B., 1978. Fatty liver in fattened geese. Enzyme profile of liver and serum. Zentrallbl. Veterinaermed., A25, 727-733. BOGIN E., ISRAELI B., 1976. Enzyme profile of heart and skeletal muscles, liver and lung of roosters and geese. Zentralbl. Veterinaermed., A23, 152-157. IVOREC-SZYLIT 0.. SZYLIT M., 1969. Étude des lacticod6shydrog6nases plasmatique et hépatique chez l’oie au cours d’une stbatose provoqu6e par gavage. Ann. Bial. Anim. Bioch. Biophys., 9, 205-218. SZYLIT M., LECLERC B., IVOREC-SZYLIT 0., 1968. Relations spécifiques entre les lacticodéshydro9énases du serum et du foie de I’oie: determination quantitative et caract!risation électrophorétique. C.R. Acad. Sci., 266, 952- 955.