EBONYI-Asu-Umunaga-Final-RAP

 Resettlement Action Plan for ASU-UMUNAGA Flood Intervention Site in Ohaozara LGA, Ebonyi State (DRAFT REPORT)

Public Disclosure Authorized

PREPARED BY Public Disclosure Authorized PROFESSOR ARTHUR E.A ESSAGHAH DEPARTMENT OF URBAN AND REGIONAL PLANNING ENUGU STATE UNIVERSITY OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY (ESUT) PMB 01660 +234-81-3263-5302, +234-902741-5225 [email protected], [email protected].

Public Disclosure Authorized NOVEMBER, 2015

i  Resettlement Action Plan for ASU-UMUNAGA Flood Intervention Site in Ohaozara LGA, Ebonyi State (DRAFT REPORT)

TABLE OF CONTENTS Contents Pages Title Page ------i Table of content ------ii List of tables ------v List figures ------vi List of plates ------vi List of abbreviations and acronyms ------vii Executive Summary ------viii

1.0 INTRODUCTION ------1 1.1 Background ------2 1.2 Objective of the RAP ------2 1.3 Justification for the RAP ------2 1.4 Scope and Task of the RAP ------2 1.5 Expected Outcome of NEWMAP RAP ------3 1.6 Methodology for the RAP Preparation ------3 1.6.1 Literature Review/Desktop Studies ------3 1.6.2 Public Consultations ------4 1.6.3 Field Studies ------4 1.6.3.1 Baseline Data Acquisition ------4 1.7 Identification of Potential Impacts and Mitigation Measures - - - - 6

2.0 Project Components and Description of Biophysical Environment. - - - 7 2.1 Components of NEWMAP ------7 2.2 Description of the Intervention Site ------7 2.3 Description of Biophysical Environment ------11 2.3.1 Climate/Meteorology ------11 2.3.2 Air Quality Assessment ------13 2.3.2.1 Ambient Air Quality ------13 2.3.2.2 Noise Level Assessment ------13 2.4 Biodiversity ------14 2.4.1 Vegetation ------14 2.4.2 Wildlife Status ------14 2.4.3 Soil Conditions ------14 2.4.4 Surface Water Quality ------15 2.5 Socio-economic Characteristics of the People - - - - - 17 2.5.1 Personal Characteristics of Respondents ------17 2.5.2 Primary Activity and Income Distribution of Respondents - - - - 18 2.5.3 Health Services ------18 2.5.4 Existing Community Structures ------19 2.5.5 Household Waste Disposal ------19 2.5.6 Religion ------19

3.0 Resettlement Policy and Legal Framework - - - - - 20 3.1 Introduction ------20 3.2 The Resettlement Policy Framework (RPF) of the NEWMAP - - - - 20 3.3 Relevant Nigeria Acts and Legislations ------20 3.3.1 Land Use Act of 1978 and Resettlement Procedures - - - - - 20 3.3.1.1 Requirements of the Land Use Act ------21 3.4 State Legislations ------22

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3.5 International Guidelines ------22 3.5.1 The World Bank Policy on Involuntary Resettlement (OP. 4.12) - - - 22 3.5.2 Conclusion Drawn from the Review of World Bank Policies on Involuntary Resettlement ------23 3.5.2.1 Comparison between Land Use Act and the World Bank’s Policy (OP4.12) on Compensation ------23

4.0 Valuation and Compensation Methodology - - - - - 24 4.1 Introduction ------24 4.2 Valuation Methodology ------24 4.2.1 Replacement Cost Method ------24 4.2.2 Land Resettlement ------24 4.3 Compensation and Other Resettlement Assistance - - - - - 24 4.3.1 Modes of Restitution ------24 4.4 Compensation Payment and Procedures for Delivery of Compensation - - - 25 4.4.1 Principles to be Adopted for Compensation ------25 4.4.2 Procedure for Delivery of Compensation ------25

5.0 Gender and Vulnerable Persons Action Plan - - - - - 26 5.1 Introduction ------26 5.1.1 Displacement Status ------26 5.1.2 Vulnerable Persons ------28 5.2 Gender Consultations ------27 5.2.1 Women Headed Households (WHH) ------27 5.2.2 Women’s Employment Status ------27 5.2.3 Women’s Involvement and Participation in the Project - - - - 27 5.2.4 Involvement of Women in Construction Activities - - - - - 28 5.3 Measures to Improve and ensure women Livelihoods are Restored - - - 28 5.3.1 Training for Self Employment ------28 5.5 Role of Community Based and Non Governmental Organisations - - - 32

6.0 Identification of Project Impacts and Project Affected Persons - - - 30 6.1 Procedure to Impacts Identification and Inventory of Impacts - - - 30 6.2 Definition of Activities and Land Demand for Implementation of Project - - 30 6.3 Field visit to the Asu-Umunaga Flood Intervention Site - - - - 30 6.4 Community Perceptions on Socio-economic and Cultural properties and Livelihoods - - 31

7.0 Mitigation Measures for Social and Livelihood Impacts - - - - 32 7.1 Introduction ------32 7.2 Linkage of Impacts with the ESMF (OP 4.01) and RPF (OP 4.12) - - - 32 7.2.1 Linkage of Impacts with the ESMF (OP 4.01) - - - - - 32 7.2.2 Linkage of Impacts with the RPF (OP 4.12) - - - - - 32 7.3 Objectives of Mitigation Measures ------32 7.4 Summary of Social and Livelihoods Impact from Proposed Project - - - 32 7.5 Mitigation Measures ------33 7.5.1 Social Issues/Impacts ------33 7.5.2 Economic and Livelihood Issues/Impacts - - - - - 33 7.6 Livelihood Restoration Measures for the PAPs and Vulnerable Persons - - 33

8.0 Rap Institutional Arrangements and Capacity Building - - - - 34 8.1 Introduction 8.2 Organisational Arrangement ------34 8.3 Institutional Capacity Building Requirements and Costs - - - - 36

9.0 Grievance Redress Mechanisms ------38 9.1 Introduction ------38 9.1 Grievance Redress Process ------38 9. 2.1 Stages in Grievance Redress Process ------38

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9.3 Procedure for Registering a Complaint ------39 9.4 Grievance Log and Response Time ------41 9.5 Monitoring Complaints ------41 10.0 RAP Implementation Schedule ------42 10.1 Introduction ------42 10.2 Resettlement Activities and Responsibilities - - - - - 42 10.3 Estimated Cost of the RAP Implementation and Funding - - - - 43 10.4 Implementation Timetable ------43

11.0 Monitoring and Evaluation ------45 11.1 Introduction ------45 11.2 Components and Elements of the Monitory Plan - - - - - 45 11.3 Monitoring Framework (Internal and External) - - - - - 45 11.3.1 Internal monitoring ------45 11.3.2 External Monitoring/Evaluation ------46 11.4 Monitoring Parameters/Indicators ------46 11.5 Completion Audit ------47

12.0 Public Consultations and Participation ------48 12.1 Introduction ------47 12.2 Public Consultation Process ------49 12.3 Overview of Public Consultation Programme - - - - - 49 10.3 Institutional Capacity Building ------50

References ------97 Annexure ------58

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List of Tables Contents Page 1.1 Methods used for Soil Studies ------5 1.2 Methods Used for Water Studies ------5 2.1 Main NEWMAP Elements, Activities and Outcomes - - - - - 7 2.2` Works. Asu River Channel Parameters Proposed by the Training - - - 10 2.3 Tabular View for Temperature and Precipitation per Month. - - - 12 2.4 Relative Humidity, Wind Speed, Light and Air Temperature at Asu Umunaga (Equipment Used: Extech 4-In-1 Environmental Meter; Model 45170). - - - 12 2.5 Ambient Levels of Suspended Particulate Matter (SPM) in the Project Area - - 13 2.6 Ambient Level of Gaseous Compounds in the Project Areas - - - - 13 2.7 Noise Level Assessment in the Project Area ------14 2.8 Laboratory Results of collected Soil Samples - - - - - 15 2.9 Summary Results of Surface Water Chemistry in the Project Area - - - 15 2.10 Classification of Surface Water Quality Based on BOD Values. - - - 16 3.1 Comparison of Nigerian Land Use Act and World Bank OP4.12 on Compensation - 23 5.1 Displacement status of Project Affected Persons (PAPs) - - - - 26 5.2 Profile of Vulnerable Persons ------26 5.3 Women’s Involvement in Project ------26 6.1 Identification of Impacts from Community Consultation and Field visit - - - 31 8.1 Role and Responsibilities for Implementation of the RAP - - - - - 34 8.2 Awareness and Capacity Building needs for relevant Stakeholders - - - - 36 9.2: A Typical Reporting Format for Grievance Redress - - - - - 41 10.1 Summary of Resettlement Activities and Responsibility for Implementation of the RAP - - 10.2 Budget Estimate for the RAP Implementation - - - - - 43 10.3 Major Component Tasks and Schedule for the RAP Implementation - - - - 44 11.1: Monitoring Indicators/Parameters ------46 12.1 Minutes of Meetings held with Igwe-In-Council - - - - - 48 12.2: Minutes of Meetings held with All Urban Community - - - - 48

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List of Figures Contents Pages 1.1 Phases for Preparing the RAP ------3 2.1 Map of Nigeria Showing Ebonyi State and Asu- Umunaga RFlood Intervention Site - 8 2.2 Asu-Umunaga Sub-Watershed Area ------8 2.3 Asu-Umunaga River Basin ------8 2.4 Series of S-curves formed by Asu River ------9 2.5 Section of Proposed New Route for the Asu River from existing River course. - - 10 2.6 Cross-section of the Proposed New Asu River channel - - - - 10 2.7 Graphical Illustration Average Days with Precipitation Per Month - - - 11 2.8 Graphical Illustration of Average Temperature per month - - - - 11 2.8a.b Bar chart Household Distribution of Respondent - - - - - 19 2.9a.b Bar chart Gender Distribution of Respondents - - - - - 20 2.10a.b Bar chart Age Distribution for the Respondents - - - - - 20 2.11a.b Bar chart showing level of Education of Respondents - - - - 20 2.12a,b Bar chart showing Primary Activity of Respondents - - - - - 21 2.13a,b Bar chart showing Status of Health facilities by Respondents in the study Area - - 22 2.14a,b Bar chart showing Functional STATUS OF Community Services - - - 2.15a Bar charts showing Religion structure of Respondents - - - - 23 9.1 Stages in the Grievance Redress Process for the RAP - - - - - 40

List of Plates Contents Pages 2.1 Asu- Umunaga Community on Google Earth Image - - - - - 9 2.2 Low Lying Rice Fields at Asu-Umunaga ------9 2.3 Over topping of Asu River Banks and Flooding of adjoining lands - - - 9 12.1 Public Consultation meeting with the Uburu Eze-in-council - - - - 47 12.2 Public Consultation meeting with the Uburu Community in the community Town Hall - 48

List of Annexure

Annex 1 ------66 Annex 2 ------70 Annex 3 ------74 Annex 4 ------76 Annex 5 ------81 Annex 6 ------82

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LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS AND ACRONYMS ARAP Abbreviated Resettlement Action Plan BP Bank Policy BOD Biochemical Oxygen Demand CBOs Community Based Organizations CLO Community Liaison Officer DO Dissolved Oxygen DP Displaced Persons EA Environmental Assessment EC Electrical Conductivity EIA Environmental Impact Assessment EIS Environmental Impact Statement ESIA Environmental and Social Impact Assessment ESA Environmentally Sensitive Area ESMF Environmental and Social Management Framework ESMP Environmental and Social Management Plan ESO Environmental Safeguard Officer FEPA Federal Environmental Protection Agency FGN Federal Government of Nigeria FGD Focus Group Discussion FMEnv Federal Ministry of Environment FMWR Federal Ministry of Water Resources GPS Global Positioning System GRM Grievance Redress Mechanisms GAP Grievance and Appeals Procedure GDP Gross Domestic Product GIS Geographic Information System IDA International Development Association HSE Health Safety and Environment IEC International Electro technical Commission ISDS Integrated Safeguards Data Sheet ISO International Organisation for Standardization Lexp Exposure Levels LGA Local Government Area Lmax Maximum Noise Levels Lmin Minimum Noise Levels MDAs Ministries Departments and Agencies MEAs Multilateral Environmental Agreements MFMP Multilateral Fund for the Implementation of Montreal Protocol MIGA Multilateral Guarantee Agency MoE Ministry of Environment M&E Monitoring and Evaluation MPN Most Probable Number NCFC Nigerian Construction and Foundation Company ND Not Detected

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LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS AND ACRONYMS NESREA National Environmental Standards and Regulations Enforcement Agency NEWMAP Nigeria Erosion and Watershed Management Project NGOs Non-Governmental Organizations NIHSA Nigeria Hydrological Services Agency NIMET Nigeria Meteorological Agency (NIMET) NIOSH National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health NIWRMC Nigeria Integrated Water Resources Management Commission NWRI National Water Resources Institute OD Operational Directives OM Operational Manual OP Operational Policy OSH Occupational Safety and Urban Development PAD Project Appraisal Document PAPs Project Affected Persons PC Project Coordinator PID Project Information Documents PMU Project Management Unit PPUD Physical Planning and Urban Development PWD Public Works Department RAP Resettlement Action Plan RIT RAP Implementation Team RP Resettlement Plans RPF Resettlement Policy Framework SPMU State Project Management Unit STDs Sexually Transmitted Diseases ToR Terms of Reference WB World Bank WHO World Health Organisation

Definitions of Key Terms

S/No Word/Term Definition 1 Compensation Payment in cash or kind for an asset to be acquired or affected by a project at replacement cost.

2 Cut-off-date The date after which PAPs will NOT be considered eligible for compensation, i.e. they are not included in the list of PAPs as defined by the socio-economic survey. 3 Community A group of individuals broader than household, who identify themselves as a common unit due to recognised social, religious, economic and traditional government ties or shared locality 4 Displaced Persons Affected persons by a project through land acquisition, relocation, or loss of incomes and includes any person, household, firms, or public or private institutions who as a result of a project would have their; (i) Standard of living adversely affected; (ii) Right, title or interest in all or any part of a house, land (including residential, commercial, agricultural, plantations, forest and grazing land) or any other moveable or fixed assets acquired or possessed, in full or in part, permanently or temporarily adversely affected; or (iii) Business, occupation, place of work, residence, habitat or access to forest or community resources adversely affected, with or without displacement.

5 Economically- Those affected persons who are affected in way that they loose incomes from crops, land, businesses Displaced Persons etc.

6 Encroachers Those people who move into the project area after the cut- off date and are therefore not eligible for compensation or other rehabilitation measures provided by the project.

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7 Entitlement The range of measures comprising cash or kind compensation, relocation cost, income rehabilitation assistance, transfer assistance, income substitution, and relocation which are due to /business restoration which are due to PAPs, depending on the type and degree nature of their losses, to restore their social and economic base. 8 Full Cost of Compensation based on the present value of replacement of Resettlement the lost asset, resource or income without taking into account depreciation. 9 Household Is the unit which includes all members living under the authority of a household head, they are both family members and other dependants. Under the Land Act, a household would be members of the family whose consent would be required in case of alienation or undertaking any transaction on the family residential land. These members should ordinarily reside on the land. These members typically include the household head, one or several spouses, children and other members of the larger family, tenants, and employee. 10 Income Restoration The measures required to ensure that PAPs have the resources to at least restore, if not improve, their livelihoods.

S/No Word/Term Definition

11 Involuntary When the affected party does not have the option to remain Resettlement in place even though he/she may prefer to move away. In some cases, people do move voluntarily but their willingness to move spontaneously must be carefully verified. Refers both to physical displacement (relocation or loss of shelter) and to economic displacement (loss of assets or access to assets that leads to loss of income sources or means of livelihood) as a result of project-related land acquisition. Resettlement is considered involuntary when affected individuals or communities do not have the right to refuse land acquisition that result in displacement. This occurs in cases of: (i) lawful expropriation or restrictions on land use based on eminent domain: and (ii) Negotiated settlements in which the buyer can resort to expropriation or impose legal restrictions on land use if negotiations with the seller fail. 12 Cut-off-date The process whereby a person or household is involuntarily alienated from all or part of the land s/he owns or possesses, to the ownership and possession of a project for public purposes, in return for fair compensation. 13 Lost Income Lost income opportunities will be assessed and compensated on the basis of losses caused by the project. Opportunities If a household or family has several adult members who will lose their incomes, all will be compensated. 14 Land-Owner An individual/household/institution recognized as owning land either by customary tenure, freehold tenure, or leasehold including customary occupants of former public land. 15 Market Value Appropriate compensation figures so that the affected population is able to restore their standards of living to levels “at as good as or better than they were prior to the project. 16 Physically Displaced Those affected persons who have to physically relocate because Persons they reside within the land to be acquired for the ROW or encumbered as a result of the Power Project. 17 Project-Affected Is the area where the Project may cause direct or indirect impacts to the environment and the residents Area 18 Project-Affected Persons who lose assets as a result of the Project, whatever the extent of the loss; lost assets include Person land rights, structures, crops, business, access or a combination of those losses; not all Project Affected Persons (PAPs) have to physically relocate as a result of the Project 19 Project Affected The family or collection of PAPs that will Experience effects from and acquisition regardless of whether Household they are physically displaced or relocated or not 20 Private Property Persons who have legal title to structures, land or other assets and are accordingly entitled to compensation Owners under the Land Act 21 Project Affected A community that is affected by the project Community 22 Relocation The physical moving of PAPs from their pre-project place or residence, place for work or business premises.

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S/No Word/Term Definition

23 Replacement Cost Replacement cost of an affected asset is equivalent to the amount required to replace the asset in its existing condition. The replacement cost of land is its market value. The replacement cost of structures is equal to the cost of constructing/purchasing a similar new structure, without making any deductions for depreciation, and inclusive of the labour cost. WB policies require that all affected assets (land and structures) are compensated at their replacement cost. 24 RAP Documented procedures and the actions a project proponent will take to mitigate adverse effects, compensate losses and provide development benefits to persons and communities affected by a project 25 Rehabilitation The restoration of the PAPs resource capacity to continue with productive activities or lifestyles at a level higher or at least equal to that before the project 26 Resettlement Support provided to people who are physically displaced by a project. This may include transportation, Assistance food, shelter, and social services that are provided to affected people during their resettlement. Assistance may also include cash allowances that compensate affected people for the inconvenience associated with resettlement and defray the expenses of a transition to a new local, such as moving expenses and lost work days. 20 Resettlement Action The time-bound action plan with budget setting out resettlement strategy, objectives, entitlements, Plan actions, responsibilities, monitoring and evaluation. 21 Resettlement The direct physical and socio-economic impacts of resettlement activities in the project and host areas. Impacts Refers not just to the physical displacement of people, but also covers taking land that results in the relocation or loss of shelter, loss of assets or access to assets, and/or Loss of sources of income or means of livelihood (OP 4.12, paragraph 3)... 22 Resettlement Policy A resettlement policy framework is required for projects with subprojects or multiple components that Framework cannot be identified before project approval. This instrument may also be appropriate where there are valid reasons for delaying the implementation of the resettlement, provided that the implementing party provides an appropriate and concrete commitment for its future Implementation. The policy framework should be consistent with the principles and objectives of OP 4.12 of the World Bank. 23 Socio-economic The census of PAHs/ PAPs of potentially affected people, which is prepared through a detailed survey Survey based on actual data collected. 24 Sharecropper An individual/household occupying land under a private agreement with the owner for purpose of agricultural use. 25 Tenant An individual/household/institution occupying land or space in a home under a private agreement with the owner whereby the right of occupancy is paid for in cash to the owner. 26 Valuer The valuer of property, land and the level of compensation for all the affected persons.

27 Vulnerable Any people who might suffer disproportionately or face the risk of being marginalized from the effects of resettlement i.e.; female-headed households with dependents; disabled household heads; poor households; landless elderly households with no means of support; households

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EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

ES 01: Background

The Government of Nigeria is implementing the multi-sectoral Nigeria Erosion and Watershed Management Project (NEWMAP) which is financed by the World Bank, Global Environment Facility, the Special Climate Change Fund, and the Government of Nigeria. NEWMAP finances activities implemented by States and activities implemented by the Federal government. The project currently includes 7 states, namely Anambra, Abia, Cross River, Edo, Enugu, Ebonyi, and Imo. However, six additional states including Plateau, Kogi, Kano, Delta, Oyo and Gombe have recently joined the programme.

The lead agency at the Federal level is the Federal Ministry of Environment (FMENV), Department of Erosion, Flood and Coastal Zone Management. State and local governments, local communities and CSOs are or will be involved in the project given that the project is a multi-sector operation involving MDAs concerned with water resources management, public works, agriculture, regional and town planning, earth and natural resources information, and disaster risk management.

The development objective of NEWMAP is: to rehabilitate degraded lands and reduce longer-term erosion vulnerability in targeted areas.

ES 02: Objective of the RAP

The over-riding objective of the study is to prepare a Resettlement Action Plan (RAP) for the Ebonyi NEWMAP sub-project at Asu-Umunaga Flood Site, in Ohaozara Local Government Area.

In specific terms the RAP is designed to capture the following objectives: i. Identify and assess the human impacts of the proposed civil works at the flood Site, and ii. Prepare a Resettlement Action Plan to be implemented in accordance with the civil works and in line with the relevant World Bank Policy, as well as, Nigeria policies and laws.

ES 03: Justification for the RAP Involuntary resettlement has both economic and social implications. It can lead to loss of jobs, assets, and farmlands. It can also dismantle community ties and lead to loss of friends, kith and kin. In extreme cases, involuntary resettlement can lead to the dissolution of families, cause impoverishments and health problems. The Resettlement Plan will identify the Project Affected Persons (PAPs), engage them in participatory discussions regarding the plan and formulate a plan of action to adequately identify those to be compensated.

The Policy of the World Bank is to ensure that persons involuntarily resettled due to the taking of land in the context of a project supported by the Bank, have an opportunity to restore or improve their level of living to at least the pre-project level. Project Affected People should participate in the benefits of the project and they should be given options regarding how they restore or improve their previous level of living. In the NEWMAP project it is not sufficient for communities to passively accept project works and the impacts of these works. Rather they must be mobilized to contribute actively to project design and implementation and to maintain the works following implementation. This feature underscores the need for accurate analysis of local social and other organizations.

ES 04: Methodology for the RAP Preparation The approach adopted for the RAP was in accordance with the applicable World Bank safeguard policies, Nigerian guidelines/laws and Terms of Reference (ToR).

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The methodology essentially entails literature review/Desktop studies, data gathering from field studies, public consultations and preparation of RAP. Literature review and desktop studies were undertaken to obtain information on the proposed project and ecological conditions in the project area. The documents reviewed include: ESMF, RPF, Project Implementation Manual (PIM), Project Appraisal Document (PAD), Integrated Safeguards Data Sheet (ISDS), World Bank’s safeguard policies, relevant federal/state laws, regulations, policies and guidelines, proposed civil engineering designs and other relevant literature.

Consultations were held with stakeholders including the project affected persons (PAPs) and vulnerable groups within the project area. Through this process, stakeholders concerns were addressed, views and inputs as regards the likely social impacts of the project and proposed mitigation/enhancement measures were obtained. Stakeholders from relevant State Ministries, Departments and Agencies (MDAs), Non-Governmental Organizations (NGOs), Community Based Organizations (CBOs), community groups and leaders were consulted in order to identify institutional arrangement and capacity needs for implementation and monitoring of the RAP. Potential and associated impacts of proposed river trimming and associated civil works along the Asu River channel of flow werealso identified and assessed during the consultation. The stakeholders will include: Ebonyi State Ministry of Environment (SME), Water Corporation (EBSWC), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development (EBSMARD), Ministry of Land and Urban Development (EBSMLUD), Economic Planning Commission (EPC) and representatives of NGOs/CBOs such as Poverty in Africa Alternative (POVINAA) and Clement-Gloria Foundation and Uburu Town Union.

Field studies were carried out in order to gather additional information on the baseline social conditions that may potentially be affected during project implementation and operation. Soil and water samples were collected from proposed project area relevant physic-chemical parameters. In-situ air quality measurements will also be undertaken to obtain existing baseline of air quality parameters and gaseous compaounds. The essence of the measurements was to determine the capacity of the physical environment to continue to sustain existing human activities in the project area.

The procedures for identification and assessment of associated and potential impacts of propsed project intervention activities involved:

(a) Study of the kind of activities and the land demand during project implementation (b) Field visitation to the site for actual site verification and inventory of potentially affected persons and assets and (c) Consultation with the communities on socio-economic and cultural properties and livelihoods that may be threatened or lost.

This involved inventory of project affected persons especially the individuals/communities/vulnerable groups, physical based assets, businesses including administration of questionnaire and oral interviews to gather other relevant social data.

ES 05: Description of Proposed Intervention Work

To effectively control flooding of adjoining lands (mainly rice farmlands), NEWMAP has proposed river training works to be carried out to improve the channel carrying capacities between the upstream and downstream bridges bounding the project area over a length of about 4m. The river training civil works will include deepening and straightening the channels to remove all existing meanders along the Asu- River within the Asu-Umunaga watershed catchment basins estimated to be 919.82m2.

The river training works intend to raise the carrying capacity of the Asu-River main channel to 3.354 m3/s which is the probable maximum run off of the river. The recommended channel parameters are presented. The channel is designed as unlined natural trapezoidal channel sections consisting of the native materials to be excavated from the channel. The proposed river training works also includes provision of rip rap side.

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ES 06: Baseline Environmental and Social Condition in the Project Area

The results of environmental and socio-economic baseline studies indicate that the surface water and soil conditions remain largely unpolluted while vegetation and wildlife are significantly modified from farming and urbanization activities. Farming is a predominant socio-economic activity among the people with many farmers engaging in crop production like rice, yam, maize and cassava. The results of environmental baseline study indicate that the values of various physico-chemical parameters of soil and surface water are lower than the permissible limits of the federal ministry of environment. On the other hand, responses from the survey population indicate that 89% of the population are educated while the mean age bracket of respondents is 23- 30years. With respect to primary activities of the people, 57% of the respondents are engaged in farming, 23% are self-employed or into private employment with an insignificant 8% being civil servants. In terms of income profile of respondents, 40% of respondents earn less than N5, 000 monthly with majority of them being from Etiti-Uburu community; 24% of respondents earn between N6, 000 and N10, 000 monthly, 12% earn between N11, 000 and N15, 000 monthly, 4% earn between N16, 000 and N20, 000 monthly and 4% also earn between N21, 000 and N25, 000 monthly. The margin of error in the information provided on incomes may be significant considering that some of the respondents may have grossly inflated data provided with the intent to receive compensations in accordance with incomes indicated in the survey. There are few hospitals/private clinics in the communities of the project area. However, there are also some traditional medical practices being administered in some parts of the communities. The nature/state of these health facilities is another issue of concern.

ES 07: Resettlement Policy and Legal Framework Comparison was made between the World Bank policies (OP4.12) and the Nigerian Land Use Act. Whereas the law relating to land administration in Nigeria is wide and varied, entitlements for payment of compensation are essentially based on right of ownership. The Bank’s OP4.12 is fundamentally different from this and states that affected persons are entitled to some form of compensation whether or not they have legal title if they occupy the land by an announced cut -off date. The Nigeria Land Use Act and World Bank Safeguards Policy OP/BP 4.12 agree that compensation should be given to PAPs in the event of land acquisition and displacement of persons prior to the commencement of works. Thus all land to be acquired by the government for this project will be so acquired subject to the Laws of Nigeria and the Bank OP4.12. In the event of divergence between the two, the World Bank safeguard policy shall take precedence over Nigeria Land Use Act.

This RAP was aligned with the World Bank Operational Policies involving the Involuntary Resettlement policy which indicate best practices for rehabilitation of livelihoods of people affected by the implementation of the project. This is so because they are involved in the funding of the project and also because their respective policies bestfulfil the social objectives of the project, ensuring that the conditions of PAPs are preferably improved and at least restored to pre-displacement levels as well as offers special considerations for vulnerable and landless PAPs.

ES 08: Valuation and Compensation Methodology

OP 4.12 requires that current market value of asset within the project area be used to determine the compensation rate for land, building and other assets. This entails carrying out market survey of land per square meter and the market prices of the affected assets.

DaLA method is used to determine compensation for economic trees because of its robustness and advantage over the traditional method of assessing the cost of an economic tree. DaLA method states that market value of yield per tree for the current season (agricultural season) and cost of re-planting and nursery should be used to determine the compensation rate for the economic tree while the Traditional Method equates the capital of

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the existing structure/ tree to the cost of reinstating the structure/ tree on the same type of plot at the current labour, material and other incident costs.

It is however, noteworthy that no loss of building, physical structures or any other asset except land and farm crops will be affected in the RAP for Asu- Umunaga Intervention Site.

The following principles were followed in the computation of amount for payment of compensation for lost assets

 Compensation shall be paid prior to acquisition or displacement;  Compensation will be at replacement cost;  Compensation for structures shall include the full cost of materials and labour required for reconstructing a building of similar surface and standing.  Compensate all the PAPs adequately for properties and income lost  Check and ensure that resettlement was built in as an upfront project cost to avoid inadequate compensation. That is to say, the affected person must be able to have their farming activities restored in a different location using the compensation paid.  The Compensation package will also include cost of moving, such as transport costs as well as any associated land titling or transfer fees.  All payments should be in monetary forms as agreed with the PAPs.  Payment of compensation will be made by the Resettlement and Compensation Committee. This committee will include members of the SPMU and selected community leaders from the affected location.

ES 09: Measures to Improve and Ensure that livelihood for Women are restored:

Special attention shall be given to women during proposed NEWMAP grant and compensation payments. This is in consideration of the World Bank’s strategy on gender main streaming in projects in general and the significant proportion of vulnerable women whose land based assets are to be displaced by the proposed project in particular. Small loan assistance programme will be developed particularly for women headed households. When the personal capacity and compentency of single women and vulnerable persons are enhanced through targeted training programmes, their ability for self gainful employment would enhance the social sustainability of the RAP.

Besides, the following measures need to be undertaken to ensure that women’s livelihoods are restored or even improved compared to what existed before project implementation.

. Income generating program will be organized to ensure that women derive reliable income by engaging in activities that are within their capacity, taking into account the availability of resources and type of trade that they are already engaged in; . Capacity development assistance shall be provided to improve the access of women to skills training for non-farm employment such as tailoring, and weaving, small goods shops; marketing-buying and selling local produce; processing of locally produced products; . Social awareness campaigns and training opportunities will be organized to increase women’s integration into social and economic mainstream; and . Project will strengthen women’s Community based and non-governmental organizations by providing training and advisory supports once construction work commences.

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 Training programs on other trades other than farming should be organize for the women PAPs. In that respect, each woman will belong to an Interest group depending on the trade preference.  Relevant CBOs/NGOs should take up and train them in trades like beautician, tailoring, catering, event management and agricultural processing.

ES 10: Summary of Project Impacts

Summary of inventory of affected assets in the project area shows that:-

 There are rice, cassava, vegetables and yam farmlands and economic trees located within the Asu-Umunaga intervention site;  No settlement is found around the site;  No market, church and social institution within the area;  There are traces of economic activities within the river such as fishing, others are snail and crab catching and ferry business with local canoes;  The lowlying flood plain for rice farming is being deteriorated by the flood menace  Public utilities (bridge, culvert and access road) are located within the river environment;  Public utilities available are under threat  The river is muddy with suspended particulates, therefore not safe for drinking and domestic use.

From the identification of project impacts and project affected assets, the significant impacts of proposed project works include:-

 Pollution of the Asu-River during project implementation (presently used for domestic purposes);  Destruction of rice, cassava, yam and vegetables farmlands;  Destruction of some economic trees like Palm trees, Bamboos, soft wood and hard wood.  Changes in poverty levels due to loses of farmlands and economic trees;  Probable incidence of drowning in sections of the river water retention ponds;  Temporary losses of farmlands by Project Affected Persons (PAPs);  Anxiety, apprehension and difficulty over access of PAPs to new farmlands;  Temporary losses of means of livelihood;  Social crises that may trial land take for the project and payment of compensation.

ES 11: Mitigation Measures for Economic and Livelihood Impacts/Issues  Economic livelihood support to be given to all persons with project affected assets;  Fair, equitable and full compensation to be paid to all those Project Affected Persons (PAPs);  Considerable number of community members (and in particular those directly affected by the project activities) be given employment;  Community that will suffer temporary losses of means of livelihood are to be included among community members to be trained on other trades as alternative livelihood;  A community representative officer (CRO) should be appointed to supervise full implementation of relevant social, economic and livelihood mitigation measures;  A standing site committee should be actively involved in project implementation and supervision;  The community representative officer (CRO) should be a member of the site committee;  Workers should be properly trained on environmental management, Health, Safety and Environment (HSE) and other work ethics including responsibilities of construction companies to enhance their capacity to discharge monitoring functions (performance monitoring);

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 Alternative domestic water should be provided for the entire Uburu Community to alleviate demand due to the degradation of the Asu River water during project construction.

ES 12: Role and Responsibilities for Implementation of the RAP

The implementation of the RAP shall require close collaboration among all the stakeholders. A properly constituted structure for administration is imperative and agreement must be reached from the onset with the relevant parties. The roles and responsibilities of all the various stakeholders relevant in the implementation and administration of the RAP are presented in Table 8.1.

Table ES.1 Role and Responsibilities for Implementation of the RAP S/N Category Role and Responsibilities 1 Ebonyi State EBS-NEWMAP  Develop and implement RAP and other safeguard instrument; SPMU  Drives activities of procurement, capacity building, service-provider mobilization, and monitoring;  Coordinates the many participating MDAs at State and Local Government levels;  Prepare a detailed action plan and time table for the day to day RAP implementation;  Organise the necessary training and capacity building measures for the unit itself and for other partner organisations and committees;  Establish all local level institutions and committees which will participate in the implementation of the RAP and provide them with the necessary training and capacity building measures;  Coordinates and undertake compensation activities in accordance with the principles and procedures specified in the RAP;  Implement the income restoration and social development program and projects in accordance with the principles and procedures specified in the RAP;  Ensure the systematic monitoring, review and evaluation of the RAP in accordance with the framework and guidelines provided in the RAP;  Monitor and take corrective actions and submit reports to the relevant higher bodies for timely action;  Implement the RAP including their involvement to redress complaints and internal monitoring;  Organise the necessary orientation and training for SPMU officials in consultation with communities;  Implement payment of compensation and other measures (relocation and rehabilitation entitlement) to PAPs in a timely manner  Ensure that progress reports are submitted to the World Bank regularly. 2 EBS-NEWMAP SPMU SSO  Initiates the implementation of the RAP; (Social Safeguard Officer)  Review and approve contractor’s implementation plan for the social and livelihoods impacts mitigation measures (or mitigation and enhancement measures);  Liaise with the Contractors and SPMU on implementation of the RAP;  Coordinate on behalf of SPMU day to day activities with the relevant line departments ad oversee the implementation of RAP instrument, prepare compliance reports with statutory requirements, etc;  Monitor and supervise regularly the implementation of RAP;  Observe payment of compensation to PAPs;  Identify and liaise with all relevant stakeholders for the RAP implementation  Responsible for the enforcement of all safeguard requirements and ensuring the sustainability of all RAP provisions.

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 Supervise and monitor implementation of the RAP;  Ensure compliance with existing regulatory provisions in the matters of land acquisition and compensation payments;  Supervise and enforce full payment of compensation benefits to PAPs  Make appropriate recommendations or input into the compensation payment process to ensure smooth implementation. 6 Ohaozara Local Government  Coordinate activities at the local level for implementation of the RAP; Technical  Determine and enforce cut-off for resettlement activities and for handling any Committee/Officers grievances and complaints;  Ensure appraisal of properties affected by the project and for which compensation is to be paid;  Coordinate sensitization and awareness campaigns at the local and community levels on the project and RAP;  Appoint a suitable Desk Officer for RAP information management  Participate in grievance redress;  Monitor implementation of the RAP at the local and community levels;  Act as liaison to EBS-NEWMAP SPMU, SMDAs and other organisations and groups working towards implementation of the Project and RAP;  Provide technical support to all stakeholder for the implementation of project and RAP;  Facilitate interaction and corporation between all stakeholders to ensure smooth implementation of the project and RAP. 7 EBS-NEWMAP  Responsible for supervision of compensation activities; Resettlement  Carry out meetings regularly with all PAPs; Implementation Committee  Provide all necessary information to PAPs regarding guidance value and basis for (RIC) calculation of prices to be used for compensation payments;  Carry out appraisal of PAPs and PAAs and finalize entitlements for each PAP;  Prepare detailed implementation plan (quarterly) and pay entitlements to PAPs;  Ensure efficient implementation of the RAP;  Ensure that all grievances related to the payment of compensation to PAPs and other stakeholders are promptly addresses in consultation with EBS-NEWMAP SPMU. 8 Community  Perform external monitoring functions to ensure compliance with ESMP and RAP Committees/Interest provisions/requirements; Groups/Traditional  Support and assist in the mobilization of various relevant grassroot interest groups Authorities and stakeholders; (NGOs/CBOs/CSOs)  Serve and support in the identification of genuine PAPs for compensation payments;  Assist in resolving grievance of PAPs;  Provide support to PAPs during pre and post compensation payments;  Select livelihood opportunities to all PAPs and community interest groups;  Participate in the development approval and implementation livelihood restoration activities and program;  Mobilize and support all vulnerable groups particularly the aged, aged widows, orphan and disable to get their compensation entitlements and livelihood support assistance;  Participate in the implementation of livelihood restoration activities and program.

ES 13: Grievance Redress Process

There is no one-size-fits-all procedure for grievance resolution; the best solutions to conflicts are generally achieved through localized mechanisms that take account of the specific issues, cultural context, local customs, and project conditions and scale. The procedure to be adopted for grievance resolution for this RAP is as follows: -  Receive and register a complaint.  Screen and assess the complaint.  Attempt alternative responses.  Decide on the best approach or response based on agreed criteria  Implement the approach  Announce the result  Track and evaluate the results  Learn from the experience and communicate back to all parties involved.  Prepare a timely report to management on the nature and resolution of grievances.

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However, in the event that a complainant is not satisfied with the solution offered by the complaint desk officer the following informal procedure (or options) shall be pursued and or explored. It is only when these channels fail to yield satisfactory results for the complainant that he is free to use the legal or judicial court system. From the start it should be understood that formal legal mechanism for grievance resolution tends to be a lengthy, costly and acrimonious process.

When local people present a grievance, they expect to be heard and taken seriously. Project implementation staff and indeed the SPMU charged with the responsibility of implementing this RAP must convince people that they can voice grievances, be heard and promptly attended to in a just fair and peaceful manner.

As the first order of call in resolving grievances, the Site Committee members will deal with any grievance that comes up. This will ensure elimination of nuisance claims and satisfy legitimate claimants at low cost.

If this fails, the Community head will intervene in resolving the grievances – autonomous traditional authority, Uburu Eze-in-Council and Uke-etiti Uburu in that order.

Should this fail, the Local Government Desk Officer, who liaises with the Site committee members and the Grievance Committee as well as the SPMU will try and resolve the grievance.

If this fails, the Local Government Chairman will step in.

If this fails as well, the Social Safeguard Specialist of the SPMU who will liaise with the Resettlement Implementation Committee will deal with the issues of grievance. Again if this fails aggrieved party will have the option of resolving the issues with the Project Coordinator of SPMU. If the Project Coordinator is not able to resolve it then the Resettlement Committee resolves it. If this is not sufficient the Honourable Commissioner for Environment will try to resolve the issue that is contentious. The judicial system shall be the last resort to redress the issues if informal conciliation does not resolve the matter.

ES 14: Resettlement Activities and Responsibilities

The range of activities and management tasks/responsibilities designed to effectively implement the RAP are outlined in Table ES. 0.2. The activities contained in the RAP have to be integrated into various phases of the project construction. The key elements of the implementation schedule are contained in Table ES. 02. Construction activities will need to be planned, designed, executed (actual construction works) before commissioning and decommissioning).

Table ES.02: Summary of Resettlement Activities and Responsibility for Implementation of the RAP S/N Project Cycle Phase Activity Responsibilities 1 Planning Scoping and  Clearance and final disclosure of the RAP Consultant supervision by EBS- screening  Review and approval of Contractor’s RAP NEWMAP SPMU, action plan and implementation guidelines CBOs/NGOs/SMDAs  Development and preparation of livelihood support assistance to PAPs and vulnerable groups and other social issues mitigation  WB No-Objection 2 Design Preparation of  Consultations and preparation of the RAP EBS-NEWMAP SPMU, RAP and  Communication and awareness on SMDAs, CBOs/NGOs, LG Consultations notifications of values, making of offers, Committee payment of compensation modalities, meetings with PAPs on eligibility criteria for payment of compensation

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Completion and  Training and capacity building Integration  Final version of the RAP  Inclusion of the RAP in contract documents  Capacity building Training  WB No-Objection  Vetting of request for compulsory land acquisition and issuance of land titles to resettled PAPs  Establishment of Resettlement and Compensation Committee, grievance and dispute resolution Committee  Procedures for actual dispute resolutions 3 Construction Implementation  Taking possession of site EBS-NEWMAP SPMU, and Monitoring  Coordination of RAP and social and SMDAs, LG Committees, livelihood activities CBOs/NGOs, Contractors  Internal and external monitoring of mitigation measures for social and livelihood impacts for the communities, PAPs and vulnerable groups  Preparation and approval of monitoring and evaluation reports  Non conformance and corrective actions  Adherence to contractual clauses and obligations regarding this RAP implementation by contractor(s) 4 Operation (Post Operations and  Monitoring, evaluation and reporting on EBS-NEWMAP SPMU, implementation) Maintenance social and livelihood sustainability issues SMDAs, LG Committee/Staff  Post impact auditing CBOs/NGOs, Contractor(s)

The total cost implication for the implementation of the RAP is N21,382,290.00 (Twenty one million three hundred and eighty two thousand two hundred and ninety Naira only). This sum is expected to cover compensation for assets affected and additional mitigations for livelihood restoration measures including the coordination of additional mitigation activities grievance management as well as compensation commissions.

In addition, a provision of 10% of this total budget for contingencies such as inflation that shall be allowed and added to the current budget. The EBS-NEWMAP SPMU is the source of this fund for the payment of necessary compensations and monitoring of mitigation measures and overall implementation of the RAP.

ES 15: Monitoring and Evaluation Framework

In order to fully deliver on the commitments and objectives of the RAP, monitoring and evaluation will be vital. Proper monitoring and evaluation will assure the feedback necessary for the project management to keep program activities on schedule and guarantee that set out objectives and targets are achieved. The monitoring and evaluation framework developed for the RAP will ensure regular:

 assessment of program implementation strategies and methodologies  review of lessons learned and best practices and provide recommendations to strengthen the design and implementation of RAP  communication with the project affected communities and PAPs  agreement on resettlement and compensation policy, procedures, and rates  commitment to pay compensation entitlements/benefits promptly  pursue of livelihood program delivery and uptake  implementation of grievance resolution once conflicts arise  attenton is paid to the needs of vulnerable persons.

ES 16: Completion Audit

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SPMU shall commission an external party to undertake an evaluation of RAP’s physical inputs to ensure and assess whether the outcome of RAP complies with the involuntary resettlement policy of the World Bank. The completion audit should bring to closure SPMU’s liability for resettlement.

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CHAPTER ONE

1.0 INTRODUCTION AND METHODOLOGY

1.1 Background

The lead agency at the Federal level is the Federal Ministry of Environment (FMENV), Department of Erosion, Flood and Coastal Zone Management. State and local governments, local communities and CSOs are or will be involved in the project,given that the project is a multi-sector operation involving MDAs concerned with water resources management, public works, agriculture, regional and town planning, earth and natural resources information, and disaster risk management.

The development objective of NEWMAP is: to rehabilitate degraded lands and reduce longer-term erosion vulnerability in targeted areas.

At State level, NEWMAP activities involve medium-sized civil works such as construction of infrastructure and/or stabilization or rehabilitation in and around the gullies themselves, as well as small works in the small watershed where gullies form and expand. These works trigger the World Bank’s Safeguard Policies including Environmental Assessment OP 4.01; Natural Habitats OP 4.04; Cultural Property OP 11.03; Involuntary Resettlement OP 4.12 Safety of Dams OP 4.37; Pest Management Safeguard Policy OP 4.09; and Projects on International Waterways OP 7.50.

The environmental and social safeguards concerns are being addressed through two national instruments already prepared under the project: an Environmental and Social Management Framework (ESMF) and a Resettlement Policy Framework (RPF). These framework instruments need to be translated into specific costed, measurable, and monitorable actions for specific intervention sites through the preparation of site- specific management and action plans.

ESMF. In general, the ESMF specifies the procedures to be used for preparing, approving and implementing (i) environmental/social assessments (ESAs, or alternately either an SA or an EA) and/or (2) environmental/social management plans (ESMPs, or alternately both an EMP and SMP) for individual civil works packages developed for each project. ESMPs are essential elements for Category B projects.

RPF. The RPF applies when land acquisition leads to the temporary or permanent physical displacement of persons, and/or loss of shelter, and /or loss of livelihoods and/or loss, denial or restriction of access to economic resources due to project activities. It sets out the resettlement and compensation principles, organizational arrangements and design criteria to be applied to meet the needs of project-affected people, and specifies the contents of a Resettlement Action Plan (RAP) for each package of investments. A Resettlement Policy Framework (RPF), which serves as a practical tool during the programme formulation, design, implementation and monitoring, was prepared for NEWMAP which serves as a guide for the present terms of reference.

The activities of Component 1 will involve civil works in specific intervention sites – that is channelization and construction of embankment along the Asu River channel of flow. This could result in the acquisition of land or displacement of families, business or public infrastructure, thus triggering the World Bank OP/BP 4.12 – Involuntary Resettlement.

Against this background, EBONYI STATE UNDER THE NIGERIA EROSION AND WATERSHED MANAGEMENT PROJECT (NEWMAP), represented bythe State Project Management Unit (SPMU) is preparing a Resettlement Action Plan (RAP) for the project.

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1.2 Objective of the RAP The over-riding objective of the study is to prepare a Resettlement Action Plan (RAP) for the Ebonyi NEWMAP sub-project at Asu-Umunaga Flood Site, in Ohaozara Local Government Area.

In specific terms the RAP is designed to capture the following objectives: iii. Identify and assess the human impacts of the proposed civil works at the flood Site, and iv. Prepare a Resettlement Action Plan to be implemented in accordance with the civil works and in line with the relevant World Bank Policy, as well as, Nigeria policies and laws.

1.3 Justification for the RAP Involuntary resettlement has both economic and social implications. It can lead to loss of jobs, assets, and farmlands. It can also dismantle community ties and lead to loss of friends, kith and kin. In extreme cases, involuntary resettlement can lead to the dissolution of families, cause impoverishments and health problems. The Resettlement Plan will identify the Project Affected Persons (PAPs), engage them in participatory discussions regarding the plan and formulate a plan of action to adequately identify those to be compensated.

1.4 Scope and Task of the RAP

The tasks to be performed during the RAP preparation include the following:-

1. A brief description of the project and components for which land acquisition and resettlement are required, and an explanation of why a Resettlement Action Plan is required; 2. Legal analysis and framework, reviewing the Nigerian laws and regulations and Bank policy requirements and measures proposed to bridge any gaps between them; 3. Conduct a census and declaring a cut-off date; 4. Estimate population displacement and categories of displaced persons, to the extent feasible; 5. Determine eligibility criteria for defining various categories of displaced persons; 6. Undertake valuation of affected assets -- both natural and built assets -- ; Compensation and assistance are to be based on the overall principle that affected people shall not suffer net losses as a result of the project; 7. Describe possible mechanisms for transitional costs (such as moving expenses) and for restoring livelihoods where they are adversely affected; 8. Organize procedures for delivery of entitlements, a description of the implementation process, linking resettlement planning and implementation to both civil works and livelihood strategies; 9. Describe grievance and redress mechanisms that take into account the need for (a) registration of grievances; (b) prompt and transparent action on grievances; (c) due process; (d) opportunity for appeal; and (e) avoidance of legal proceedings to the extent possible; 10. Describe arrangements for funding resettlement including the preparation and review of cost estimates, the flow of funds, and the contingency arrangements; 11. Develop an institutional matrix that clearly identifies all the agencies, public or private, that will be involved in the resettlement project, their respective roles, the budget allocated to each and the legal arrangements to be made; 12. Describe mechanisms for consultations with, and participation of, displaced persons in planning, implementation, and monitoring; and 13. Describe the processes of monitoring, verification and evaluation required for effective implementation of the resettlement process.

1.5 Expected Outcome of NEWMAP RAP Three kinds of Resettlement Plans will emerge from this process depending on the degree of impact. 1. Resettlement Action Plan (RAP). This arises when more than 200 people are displaced by the project works

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2. Abbreviated Resettlement Plan (ARAP). This shall obtain when fewer than 200 people are displaced 3. Land Acquisition Plan (LAP). This arises when no displacement occurs but land is acquired for the purpose of project implementation

1.6 Methodology for the RAP Preparation The approach adopted for the RAP shall be in accordance with the applicable World Bank safeguard policies, Nigerian guidelines/laws and Terms of Reference (ToR). The methodology essentially entails literature review/Desktop studies, data gathering from field studies, public consultations and preparation of RAP (Figure 1.1).

LITERATURE REVIEW

DATA GATHERING

CONSULTATIONS/STAKEHOLDERS’MEETINGS ENVIRONMENTAL SOCIO-ECONOMIC SAMPLING SURVEY (COMMUNITY/FMBAs/SMDAs/LGA/ TOWN UNION)

PREPARATION OF RAP

INITIAL DRAFT

FINAL DRAFT

FINAL REPORT

Fig. 1.1: Phases for Preparing the RAP

1.6.1 Literature Review/Desktop Studies Literature review and desktop studies were undertaken to obtain information on the proposed project and ecological conditions in the project area. The documents reviewed include: ESMF, RPF, Project Implementation Manual (PIM), Project Appraisal Document (PAD), Integrated Safeguards Data Sheet (ISDS), World Bank’s safeguard policies, relevant federal/state laws, regulations, policies and guidelines, proposed civil engineering designs and other relevant literature.

1.6.2 Public Consultations Consultations were held with stakeholders including the project affected persons (PAPs) and vulnerable groups within the project area. Through this process, stakeholders concerns were addressed, views and inputs as regards the likely social impacts of the project and proposed mitigation/enhancement measures were obtained. Stakeholders from relevant State Ministries, Departments and Agencies (MDAs), Non-Governmental Organizations (NGOs), Community Based Organizations (CBOs), community groups and leaders were consulted in order to identify institutional arrangement and capacity needs for implementation and monitoring of the RAP. Potential and associated impacts of proposed river trimming and associated civil works along the

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Asu River channel of flow werealso identified and assessed during the consultation. The stakeholders will include: Ebonyi State Ministry of Environment (SME), Water Corporation (EBSWC), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development (EBSMARD), Ministry of Land and Urban Development (EBSMLUD), Economic Planning Commission (EPC) and representatives of NGOs/CBOs such as Poverty in Africa Alternative (POVINAA) and Clement-Gloria Foundation and Uburu Town Union.

1.6.3 Field Studies Field studies were carried out in order to gather additional information on the baseline social conditions that may potentially be affected during project implementation and operation. This involved inventory of project affected persons especially the individuals/communities/vulnerable groups, physical based assets, businesses including administration of questionnaire and oral interviews to gather other relevant social data.

1.6.3.1 Baseline Data Acquisition

In addition to the social data that was obtained, baseline environmental conditions and setting were these social conditions exist were also characterised. Considering the multi-variant nature of baseline studies, an integrated approach was adopted in the study of the biophysical and socio-economic characteristics of the proposed project area.

 Survey and Measurement The various environmental media were surveyed and measured. The land serves as a receptor and migratory pathway for pollutants from human activities into underground water. Surface waters are generally in dynamic relationship with ground water and so exchange physical and chemical properties. Similarly human activities on land surface, water bodies and underground environment are often linked to the atmosphere through thermodynamic processes. In the following sections measurement methods for the baseline studies are briefly reported for the different aspects of the study. The details of each aspect of the environment investigated vary in terms of sampling procedures, number of samples collected and analytical methods used.

 Soil Studies A hand metal soil auger was used for soil sampling for the different locations spread across the Asu- Umunaga flood intervention site. At each sampling point bulk soil samples were collected from both surface (0-15cm) and sub-surface (15-30cm) and composited for each of the depths specified above. The samples were collected in appropriately labelled polythene bags in accordance with quality assurance criteria as contained in Environmental Guidelines and Standards and in compliance with international best practices. Table 1.1 contains summary of methods used for the soil studies.

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Table 1.1: Methods used for Soil Studies

S/N Parameter Method Used References 1. Particle size Hydrometer method Day (1965) distribution 2. Bulk Density Core method Vomocil, 1956 3. Total porosity Particle and bulk densities Vomocil, 1965 4. Saturated hydraulic conductivity Constant water head method 5. Soil Ph 1:2:5 Soil-solution ratio Pye Unican, Model MK2pH meter 6. Organic matter Wet Oxidation method Walkey-Black, 1934 7. Exchangeable cautions IN kci extraction; flame EDTA Vogel, 1976; AOAC, 1979; Juo titration 1975. 8. Electrical Conductivity Egs Wheat stone bridge 9. Aggregate stability West sieving Technique Low, 1954. 10. Total Nitrogen Kjeldall method Juo, 1975.

 Air quality studies The ambient air quality in the proposed project area was measured at five different points around the project area. The air quality parameters were measured in-situ using the Aeroqual digital gas monitor (model: series 500; S/N 07082013-2164). Field data were collected for relative humidity, wind speed, solar radiation (Light) and temperature to complement existing meteorological and climate data obtained from desktop studies/literature review. Gaseous emissions or pollutants and noise levels were also measured in-situ at a height of 1.5-1.86m above ground level and in free-held conditions (i.e. away from acoustically reflective surfaces) in accordance with quality control and quality assurance criteria.

 Water Quality Studies Water samples were collected along the channel of the Asu River at four (4) different locations and used for measurements of relevant water quality physico-chemical parameters. Both in-situ measurements and laboratory analysis of collected water samples for some of the parameters (In line with quality control and quality assurance criteria) are reported in Table 1.2

Table 1.2 Methods Used for Water Studies Parameters Sample Pre-Analysis Treatment Laboratory Analysis/References Collection and Storage of Samples Colour Nil Platinum/cobalt method APHA 1985 Transparency (TR) Nil Horiba water checker (Turbidity) Conductivity Water sampler Measured in site the same Horiba water checker day Biochemical oxygen Stored in tightly closed Incubated water samples demand bottle in an cold incubator pH Water sampler Measured in site the same Kent pH meter model 7010 day Total Alkalinity (ALK) Water sampler Analysed the same day APHA (1985) Total hardness (TH) Water sampler EDTA complex metric method Dissolved oxygen (DO) Winkler method

Nitrate-nitrogen (NO3-N) Water sampler Store cold in the dark in Brucine-sulphauilic acid method glass bottles

Sulphate (SO4) Water sampler Store in refrigerator Turbidimetric method (APHA 1985) Total suspended solids Water sampler NIL Gavimetric methods (APHA, 1985) Total dissolved solids Gavimetric methods (APHA, 1985) Biochemical oxygen Lubricating water demand (BOD) Nitrate-Nitrogen Diazotization method Heavy metals AAS Pye UNicam mode Pye Unican England

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 Plant and Animal Studies Sampling of flora and fauna in the project area was conducted using quadrats in each of the identified land use categories and 100% enumeration of plant and animal species were carried out. Field data were characterised into genera, species, family and common name for plant studies while animal results were classified into Arthropods, Gastropods, Snakes, Fishes and Birds. Local animals that are still commonly seen, rarely seen and no longer seen (extinct) are also indicated.

 Socio-economic studies The socio-economic characteristics of people living within the Asu-Umunaga catchment area community was assessed with the use of a well-designed questionnaire. Questions contained in the questionnaire captured issues of existing livelihood opportunities, income, gender, characteristics, and other demographic physical and social infrastructure/issues. Focus Group Discussions (FGD) was used for consultation with stakeholders on issues of traditional administrative system, existing formal and informal grievances redress mechanisms and concerns of the project affected persons.

1.7 Identification of Potential Impacts and Mitigation Measures Identification of impacts was carried out through consultations with community based organizations (CBOs), project affected persons, site committee/CDAs, Community leaders, Religious body, Community members/General public that show interest in the proposed intervention project (Table 6.1).

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CHAPTER TWO

2.0 PROJECT COMPONENTS AND DESCRIPTION OF BIOPHYSICAL ENVIRONMENT.

This chapter gives a brief summary of the main NEWMAP elements, activities and outcomes including description of proposed project civil works and baseline environmental conditions within Asu-Umunaga Flood intervention site.

2.1 Components of NEWMAP NEWMAP has four components as outlined in Table 2.1.

Table 2.1: Main NEWMAP Elements, Activities and Outcomes

Component 1 Component 2 Component 3 Component 4 Title Watershed and Catchment Watershed and Catchment Climate Change Project Management Investments Management Institutions and Agenda Support Management Information Services Sub- 1A Flood Water Containment 2A Federal MDA Effectiveness and 3A Policy and components and Sub-Watershed Services Institutional Rehabilitation. Framework

1B Integrated Catchment 2B State MDA Effectiveness and 3B Low Carbon Management Services Development

1C Adaptive Livelihoods 2C Local Government Capacity

2D Private Sector Capacity Main Channel and contain flood Strengthen the enabling environment Strengthen Procure goods and activities water within Asu River for effective erosion and catchment government specialist services course and conduct management. capacity to promote to support project Community-based catchment low carbon, climate management, interventions resilient safeguards, M&E development. and oversight. Main Priority sub-watershed More capable, modernized and Government to be Established systems outcome rehabilitated and more secure coordinated Federal, State, and local better equipped to for project livelihoods and catchment institutions. respond to climate management, M&E services established. change, and low- and best-practices carbon development for future options replication. demonstrated.

2.2 Description of the Intervention Site

The Asu-Umunaga flood intervention site in Ohozara Local Government Area (LGA) of Ebonyi State is one of the priority sites for intervention under the Ebonyi State Nigerian Erosion and Watershed Management Project (EBONYI-NEWMAP) (Figure 2.1) The rehabilitation works proposed for this site involve medium- sized civil works such as construction of infrastructure and stabilization or rehabilitation in and around the Asu River, as well as small works in the upper watershed where gullies form and expand. These civil works raise environmental and social safeguards concerns and have triggered the World Bank’s safeguard policies including Involuntary Resettlement OP /BP 4:12. At the national level, the environmental and social safeguard concerns are being addressed through two instruments already prepared under the project: Environmental and Social Management Framework (ESMF) and a Resettlement Policy Framework (RPF).

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BENUE STATE

To Oboloafor

OHAUKWU To Enugu IZZI EBONYI

ISHIELU

To Nkanu Abakaliki To Iyahe ENUGU EZZA NORTH

STATE ABAKALIKI

EZZA SOUTH

To Obubra ONICHA

Asu Umunaga To Okigwe IKWO OHAOZARA

AFIKPO NORTH AFIKPO SOUTH IVO CROSS RIVER To Itigidi STATE

To Erei ABIA STATE

To Abiriba o

SCALE State Capital Federal Highways 10 0 10 20 Project Location Minor Federal Roads State Boundary Major State Roads Local Govt. Boundary Minor State Roads Km.

Figure 2.1: Map of Nigeria Showing Ebonyi State and Asu-Umunaga Flood Intervention Site

The rehabilitation works proposed for the site involves medium sized civil works involving the training of the Asu River within the Umunaga catchment area in Uburu (Figure 2.2 and Figure 2.3). The Uburu Community is located within 362246.08m E, 668561.45m N at the lower position of the Asu-Umunaga river basin where the river receives maximum flow contributions from its tributaries upstream. Within the project site particularly upstream the endangered features, i.e. the salt lake and rice farmlands the Asu River channel exhibits general meandering characteristics (Plate 2.1).

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Figure 2.2 Asu-Umunaga Sub-Watershed Area Figure 2.3 Asu-Umunaga River Basin

Whereby the main channel consists of a series of bends alternating in directions at times connected by straight reaches so that the pattern of the river appears substantially to be a series of S-curves (Figure 2.4). The flow arrangement in a typical meandering of this nature generally causes deepening of the channel on the concave side while sediment deposition and point bars are created on the convex side.

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Plate 2.1: Asu-Umunaga Community on Google Earth Image. Plate 2.2: Low Lying Rice Fields at Asu-Umunaga

Overtime the sediment bars grows causing flow constrictions and eventual reduction in channel carrying capacities thereby overtopping of banks and flooding of adjoining lands and rice farmlands (Plate 2.2, and 2.3)

Figure 2.4: Series of S-curves formed Figure 2.3: Over topping of Asu River Banks and Flooding of adjoining by Asu-River. lands.

To effectively control flooding of adjoining lands (mainly rice farmlands)(Plate 2.2), NEWMAP has proposed river training works to be carried out to improve the channel carrying capacities between the upstream and downstream bridges bounding the project area over a length of about 4m. The river training civil works will include deepening and straightening the channels to remove all existing meanders along the Asu-River within the Asu-Umunaga watershed catchment basins estimated to be 919.82m2 (Figures 2.5& 2.6)

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Figure 2.5: Proposed New Route for the Asu River from Existing River Course Source: Preliminary Engineering Design Report, Yaroson 2015.

Figure 2.6: Cross-section of the Proposed New Asu River Channel Source: Preliminary Engineering Design Report, Yaroson 2015.

Table 2.2 Asu River Channel Parameters Proposed by the Training Works.

Depth Bottom Width Side Slope Channel Slope

7.04m 40m 1:3 0.0006

Source: Preliminary Engineering Design Report by Yaroson Partnership Limited Pg. 13

The channel is designed as unlined natural trapezoidal channel sections consisting of the native materials to be excavated from the channel. The proposed river training works also includes provision of rip rap side protection for the two sides of the Asu River as well as the reconstruction of the natural ridge separating the salt lake and Asu River using the excavated materials from the river training works.

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2.3 Description of Biophysical Environment. 2.3.1 Climate/Meteorology Climatic Characteristics

The Climate of Nigeria is influenced by the seasonal changes of two air masses that blow over the country. These are the cold, dusty savannah continental air mass accompanied by the harmattan winds, which come from across the Sahara desert and the warm humid tropical maritime wind accompanied by the south-westerly winds which blows from across the Atlantic Ocean.

Rainfall and temperature conditions in the project area are similar to those obtained in different parts of Ebonyi and Enugu States (Figures 2.7 and 2.8; Table 2.3). The rainy season begins in April and lasts till October or early November. Rainfall is often at its maximum at night during the early morning hours. However variations occur in rainfall amount from year to year. The maximum mean annual rainfall in the Asu River readily overflow its banks and flood adjoining farmlands and buildings. The minimum and maximum temperature values obtained in the project area are 27C and 34C respectively (Table 2.3).

Fig 2.7: Graphical Illustration Average Days with Precipitation Per Month SOURCE: Department Of Meteorological Services (Enugu Weather Station) 137 M.A.S.L., 63.0km Away From Ebonyi State.

Fig 2.8: Graphical Illustration of Average Temperature Per Month SOURCE: Department Of Meteorological Services (Enugu Weather Station) 137 M.A.S.L., 63.0km Away From Ebonyi State.

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TABLE 2.3: Tabular View for Temperature and Precipitation per Month.

Temperature Precipitation

Months Normal Warmest Coldest Normal January - 33.5°C 20.3°C 1 February - 34.9°C 22.8°C 1 March - 34.7°C 23.9°C 3 April - 33.6°C 23.9°C 6 May - 32.0°C 23.1°C 12 June - 30.5°C 22.6°C 13 July - 29.5°C 22.3°C 15 August - 29.6°C 22.3°C 15 September - 30.2°C 22.1°C 17 October - 31.2°C 22.3°C 12 November - 32.6°C 21.6°C 1 December - 32.9°C 20.0°C 0

Wind Speed and Directions: The mean annual wind speed vary between a narrow range of 4.0m/s and 6.2 m/s. Speeds are higher between July and August the period of August break. Conversely, at the peak of the rainy season in September and October, wind speeds are lowest. In-situ measurements indicate that wind speed varied between 0.2 – 2.5 m/s (Table 2.4).

Geology: Ebonyi State is located within the southern fringes of the Benue Trough. The prevalent rocks in Ebonyi State comprise the Asu River Group (oldest within the area), Ezeaku formation, the Awgu shales, the Nkporo shales(dark fissile shales), the Alluvium(thick alluvium deposit) which are quarried and processed into aggregates in Ishiagu and Abakaliki areas and the Intermediate Igneous rocks outcrops. The Asu River Group covers over 70% of Ebonyi State and comprises rocks of massive dark to grey hard splintery shale that sometimes carbonises. The Ezeaku formation are found within the Northwest, the South-eastern and small portion of the Northeast fringes of the State covering Ishielu,ohaozara,Isoand Afikpo south (This sandstone is known as the Amasiri sand stone). The dark to green fissile shales or sandstone (which sometimes can be observed as flints of gypsum) which are located within the western tips of Ebonyi State constitute the Awgu shales outcrop. In Afikpo area there are noted within Nkporo shales, a facie change represented by white, well graded fine coarse grained bitubated quartzose sandstone that is known as Afikpo sand stone.

Relative Humidity (RH): Relative humidity is usually in excess of 70% especially during the peak of the wet season. This is understandable given the geographical location and the fact that rain falls almost all the year round. Highest value of 78% and lowest value of 55% was recorded during the study in October (Table 2.4).

Table 2.4: Relative Humidity, Wind Speed, Light and Air Temperature at Asu Umunaga (Equipment Used: Extech 4-In-1 Environmental Meter; Model 45170).

S/N STATIONS RELATIVE HUMIDITY WIND LIGHT TEMP. (OC) (%) SPEED (m/s) (Lux) 1. By Asu river bridge. 56.4 1.8 14483 31.5 2. 100m downward the bridge. 55 0.2 10040 33.3 3. 200m downward the bridge. 62.3 2.5 12580 32.2 4. 100m upward the bridge. 70.8 0.2 17320 33.1 5. 200m upward the bridge. 58.6 1.3 11180 33.6 Source: Fieldwork October 2015

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2.3.2 Air Quality Assessment

2.3.2.1 Ambient Air Quality The levels of the air quality parameters measured are shown in Table 2.5. With the exception of carbon monoxide, Sulphur dioxide, and Ozone levels which were “Not Detected (ND)” in the study area, the levels of Nitrogen dioxide (NO), Hydrogen Sulphide (H2S), Methane (MH4), Volatile Organic Carbon (VOC) and Ammonia (NH4) gases in the area were within the Federal Ministry of Environment’s limit for the gaseous compounds (Table 2.6) across the five sampled stations. If these gasses exceed the above threshold levels, its major effects are respiratory problems. The levels of suspended particulate matters (measured with MET One Particle Counter; Aerocet 531 Model) range from 0.000 to 0.003mg/m3, and the values are below the threshold limits set by the Federal Ministry of Environment (FMEnv).

Table 2.5: Ambient Levels of Suspended Particulate Matter (SPM) in the Project Area SUSPENDED PARTICULATE MATTER (SPM) STATIONS mg/m3 PM1 PM2.5 PM7 PM10 TSP By Asu river bridge. 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 100m downward the bridge. 0.000 0.000 0.001 0.001 0.002 200m downward the bridge. 0.000 0.001 0.000 0.000 0.001 100m upward the bridge. 0.000 0.001 0.001 0.001 0.003 200m upward the bridge. 0.001 0.001 0.000 0.000 0.002 SOURCE: Field Work October 2015

Table 2.6: Ambient Level of Gaseous Compounds in the Project Areas GASES (mg/m3) STATIONS VOC CO NH3 NO2 CH4 SO2 H2S O3 By the bridge 3985 0.0 0.1 0.072 33.0 0.00 0.04 0.00

100m downward the bridge 1718 0.0 0.1 0.072 13.0 0.00 0.13 0.00

200m downward the bridge 1593 0.0 0.1 0.072 11.0 0.00 0.16 0.00

100m upward the bridge 1609 0.0 0.1 0.072 9.0 0.00 0.19 0.00

200m upward the bridge 1603 0.0 0.1 0.072 7.0 0.00 0.22 0.00

FMEnv LIMIT - 10.00 10.00 0.04 – 0.06 - 0.26 8.00 -

SOURCE: Field Work October 2015

The concentration of suspended particulate matter (SPM) / dust was lower than FMEnv permissible limits. The levels may be higher during the construction phase due to operations of construction machineries and vehicular transport by heavy duty trucks/trailers that are expected to convey materials to and from project site.

2.3.2.2 Noise Level Assessment

The project area is generally a quiet neighbourhood. Noise level measurements taken (using Extech Noise Meter; Model 407732) during the field visits indicated that the ambient noise levels were very low as there are generally no significant noise emissions in the project area. The major source of noise was from vehicular traffic. The result of environmental baseline study of noise levels at the proposed Asu Umunaga flood intervention area shows that mean noise levels varies between 40.1 – 53.2 decibels which is lower than the permissible limits of 90 dB(A) set by Federal Ministry of Environment (Table 2.7)

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Table 2.7: Noise Level Assessment in the Project Area S/N STATIONS NOISE LEVEL

1. By Asu river bridge 53.2 2. 100m downward the bridge 50.1 3. 200m downward the bridge 48.1 4. 100m upward the bridge 40.1 5. 200m upward the bridge 43.8 Source: Fieldwork October 2015

2.3 Biodiversity

2.3.1 Vegetation The predominant vegetation types visible in the project area are grassland with clustered trees along the Asu- River course. The project area vegetation has been severely modified from intense farming activities in the area. The predominant vegetation types, distribution, genera, species, family and common name are given in Annex. The important cultivated crops are, rice, cassava, maize, yam, cocoyam, vegetables and pepper. Fruit trees found in the area include mango, orange and cashew while the economic trees are gmelina,oil bean, cashew, Oil palm and Achi.

2.3.2 Wildlife Status The vegetation in the study area provides cover and forage for a variety of vertebrate species. The mammalian species in the area are predominantly rodents (small mammals) like Cricertomys gambianus (giant rat), Rattus rattus (common rat) and Xerus sp (squirrel). The conservation status of small mammals is satisfactory (survival not threatened) as they have naturally high fecundity as well as adaptability to changing habitat conditions. The avifauna were the most conspicuous form of vertebrate wildlife and included weaver birds (Plesiosita gracucullatus), kites (Milvusmigrans) and cattle egrets (Ardea ibis). Herpetofaunal species (amphibians) inclusion types, distribution, dead toads, lizards and snakes. In general, very low densities and patchy distribution of wildlife were observed (Annex 5). There are no known areas of natural or critical habitat (endemic species, wildlife breeding sites) or archaeological significance within the proposed project area.

2.3.3 Soil Conditions Two main soil types are found in Ebonyi State. These are the silty clayey hydromorphic soil and the grey sandy clay hydromorphic soil.However, the project site area is made up mainly of hydromorphic soils which consist of reddish brown gravely and pale coloured clayey soil. Soils are slightly acidic and varies between (4.2– 6.383) with mean values of 5.2. Metallic ions values are low while nitrate and sulphate concentrations vary from 6.27-13.02mg/l and 4.27-9.17mg/l respectively. These values are generally within tolerable limits (Table2.8). The soil is rich for agriculture and it supports the growth of yam, cassava, maize, rice and other vegetables.

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Table 2.8: Laboratory Results of collected Soil Samples S/N PARAMETERS UNITS A B C D E F G H 1 Temperature 0C 28.1 28.6 28.4 27.4 27.9 28.3 28.1 28 2 pH 6.38 5.86 6.12 5.5 4.49 4.6 4.2 4.5 3 Loss on Ignition % 11.55 10.88 12.16 10.92 11.08 10.9 11.06 10.67 4 Calcium Mg/l 19.67 25.73 35.13 20.55 28.65 21.16 29.04 24.11 5 Magnesium Mg/l 11.02 9.72 18.33 10.15 14.27 13.34 16.22 12.95 6 Lead Mg/l 0.11 0.19 0.09 0.05 0.12 0.15 0.2 0.12 7 Copper Mg/l 0.03 0.05 Nil 0.15 0.07 0.09 0.11 0.14 8 Sodium Mg/l 28.34 30.17 31.83 35.18 22.46 36.04 33.53 37.18 9 Potassium Mg/l 34.04 41.03 39.7 46.11 28.6 40.34 38.01 43.07 10 Iron Mg/l 0.62 0.55 0.29 0.7 0.19 0.28 0.53 0.39 11 Nitrate Mg/l 13.02 8.16 11.83 9.32 6.27 10.67 9.85 11.22 12 Sulphate Mg/l 6.06 4.94 9.17 7.18 6.9 4.27 6.34 5.05 13 Chloride Mg/l 30.47 17.73 17.7 55.19 34.56 29.56 22.39 19.01 14 Aluminium Mg/l 3.09 3.74 8.52 5.13 4.78 5.06 4.71 3.96 15 Phosphate Mg/l 1.87 0.31 0.39 1.76 1.66 0.75 1.07 1.56 16 Acidity Mg/l 150 200 150 150 195 170 185 150 17 Alkalinity Mg/l 100 175 100 165 200 110 160 170 18 Moisture % 24.39 24.71 30.17 28.01 23.93 29.36 27.95 32.04

A – Sub Soil D – Agu Urobo Sub Soil G – Sub Soil 200m (Downstream Location 2) B – Agu Urobo Top Soil E – Top Soil 2 H – Top Soil 150m 1 C – Top Soil Rice Farm F - Top Soil 200m (Downstream)

2.4 Surface Water Quality The result of Laboratory analysis of some physico-chemical and heavy metal characteristics of collected surface water samples in the project area are summarized in Table 2.9 and were compared with FMEnv threshold limits. The river water is slightly acidic in nature with pH values ranging from 5.62 to 5.88 with a mean of 5.75. The electrical conductivity values ranged from 20.3 to 26.1 μS/cm (mean = 23.2 μS/cm) and indicates that the concentration of ionized substances in the river water is very low. The total dissolved solid (TDS), total suspended solid (TSS) and total solid (TS) were 10.1 mg/l to 13.5 mg/l, 11.5 mg/l to 40.3 mg/l and 21.6mg/l to 53.8mg/l respectively. High levels of solid in water increase the water density, affect osmo- regulation of freshwater organisms and reduce the solubility of gases (e.g. O2).

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Table 2.9: Summary Results of Surface Water Chemistry in the Project Area S/N Parameters Units Asu River By 100m Down the 200m Down Asu Akowo FMEnv the Bridge Bridge ward the Limit Bridge 1. Ph 5.88 5.9 5.73 5.62 6 – 9 2. Temperature 0C 27.3 27.2 27.5 27.7 3. Taste Unobjectionable 4. Odour 5. Electrical μS/cm 26.1 24.7 32.08 20.3 conductivity 6. Total Solids Mg/l 53.8 68.05 49.19 21.6 500 7. Total Dissolved Mg/l 13.5 22.83 18.79 10.1 Solids 8. Total Suspended Mg/l 40.3 45.2 30.4 11.5 30 Solids 9. Calcium Mg/l 8.12 12.04 6.2 6.8 70 10. Magnesium Mg/l 3.11 4.94 2.08 2.6 30 11. Iron Mg/l 0.14 0.09 0.12 0.11 0.3 12. Lead Mg/l Nil Nil Nil Nil 0.05 13. Copper Mg/l Nil Nil Nil Nil 1.0 14. Arsenic Mg/l Nil Nil Nil Nil 0.05 15. BOD 0.01 0.21 0.19 0.2 80 16. COD Mg/l 1.77 1.79 1.81 1.77 30 17. Acidity Mg/l CaCO3 50 50 50 50 18. Alkalinity Mg/l CaCO3 50 100 120 100 200 19. Total Hardness Mg/l CaCO3 29.21 44.17 21.54 24.45 100 20. Sodium Mg/l 39.15 37.8 41.16 38.9 200 21. Potassium Mg/l 48.06 47.34 50.9 46.24 NL 22. Chloride Mg/l 70.92 75.62 82.54 70.92 200 23. Dissolved Oxygen Mg/l 7.4 7.5 7.86 7.61 24. Nitrate Mg/l 0.24 0.22 0.23 0.2 45 25. Sulphate Mg/l 94.02 98.09 108.14 92.45 200 26. Phenols Mg/l Nil Nil Nil Nil 0.5 27. Manganese Mg/l 0.02 0.01 0.01 0.02 0.05 28. Mercury Mg/l ND ND ND ND 0.01 29. Zinc Mg/l Nill Nil Nill Nil 30 Cadmium Mg/l Nil Nil Nil Nil 0.01 31. E-Coli MPN/100ml ++ + + + 0 32. Coliform MPN/100ml 130 120 80 100 10

Dissolved oxygen (DO) content ranged from 7.61 mg/l to 7.4 mg/l. The Biological oxygen demand (BOD) is a measure of the organic matter in a water body. The BOD values varied from 0.2 mg/l to 0.01 mg/l,(Table 2.10) and indicates that the water is clean though coloured in appearance.

Table 2.10: Classification of Surface Water Quality Based on BOD Values.

Degree of Pollution BOD5 (mg/l) Very Clean <1.0 Clean 1.1 – 1.9 Moderately Polluted 2.0 – 2.9 Polluted 3.0 – 3.9 Very Polluted 4.0 – 10.0 Extremely Polluted >10

The addition of phosphate to natural waters is one of the most serious environmental problems because of its contribution to eutrophication. Although, nitrate also contributes to eutrophication, phosphate is the major culprit in freshwaters. It is required by plants in very low quantities. Unpolluted waters generally contain total phosphate at concentrations <0.01 mg/l while municipal wastewater contain between 4 and 15mg/l. Sulphate is a major ion occurring in natural waters and wastewaters. In fresh unpolluted water, sulphate concentrations lie between 5 and 100 mg/l. The concentrations of sulphate in all the stations are far lower than the FMEnv limit of 200mg/l. Sodium (Na), Potassium (K), Calcium (Ca) and Magnesium (Mg), the earth metals in solution constitute the exchangeable cations. Sodium varied between 38.9 and 39.15 mg/l, potassium (46.24 – 48.06mg/l), calcium (6.8 – 8.12 mg/l) and Mg (2.6 – 3.11 mg/l), showing values within regulatory limits. The concentrations of heavy metals in water samples are generally low, having concentrations below FMEnv limits for surface waters.

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2.5 Socio-economic Characteristics of the People

2.5.1 Personal Characteristics of Respondents

Household Distribution in Project Area Figures 2.8a and 2.8b shows how the respondents to the socioeconomic survey are distributed across the four communities in Asu-Umunaga area of Ohazara L.G.A. Based on the households surveyed approximately 64.3% of the households are in Uburu community, 35.8% in Enu-Uburu community, 48.7% in Etiti-Uburu community and 51.2% in Eweze-Uburu community.

Household Distribution Household Distribution for Vulnerable Groups 40 40 32.3 32 28 28 30 23.8 20.7 23.2 20 20 12

10 Percentage Percentage 0 0 Uburu Enu Etiti Eweze Uburu Enu Uburu Etiti Eweze Uburu Uburu Uburu Uburu Uburu Community Fig 2.8 Communitya & b: Household distribution in the Project area

Gender and Age of Respondents The survey data analyses indicate that 75% of the respondents are males while 25% are females. Also 36% of the respondents are males while 64% are females for the vulnerable group of persons as shown in Figures 2.9a and b.

Fig 2.9a & b: Gender Structure of Respondents

The age distribution data of the respondents indicate that the mean age profile of the people. 50.36% of PAPs are aged between 23-30 years, 39.64 of the vulnerable group (19-45 years) while majority of the stakeholders are within the age bracket of 35-70 years (Figures 2.10a &b).

Figure 2.10 a,b: Age distribution of Respondents

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Level of Education:

The responses from the survey population also indicate that only 11% of the residents never had any formal education.The level of basic education is relatively low with 42% of the surveyed population having completed their primary education up to the tertiary level. Based on respondents’ household data, 10% of the population attended/graduated from the primary school and 37% from the secondary education. The existing educational facilities in the area appear to have contributed to the net level of education across the whole communities (Figure 2.11 a,b). Etiti-Uburu appears to be more educated while Enu-Uburu is the least educated community in the Uburu Kingdom.

Figure 2.11 a,b: Level of Education of RespondentS

For the vulnerable group, 36% have no formal education 24% and 40% have completed their primary and secondary education respectively.

2.5.2 Primary Activity and Income Distribution of Respondents

The main source of income for the households in the project area is agricultural employment. Distribution data of the primary activity from the questionnaire indicates that 37.0% of the respondents are into crop production. The people of Enu-Uburu community are more into agricultural processing and public sector employment (26.9%). For the vulnerable group, 36% of the respondents are into crop production with Eweze-Uburu community having it as their major primary activity (Figure 2.12 a and b).

Figure 2.12 a,b: Profile of Primary Economic Activities in the Project area

In terms of income profile of respondents, 40% of respondents earn less than N5, 000 monthly with majority of being from Etiti-Uburu community; 24% of respondents earn between N6, 000 and N10, 000 monthly, 12% earn between N11, 000 and N15, 000 monthly, 4% earn between N16, 000 and N20, 000 monthly and 4% also earn between N21, 000 and N25, 000 monthly. The margin of error in the information provided on incomes may be significant considering that some of the respondents may have grossly inflated data provided with the intent to receive compensations in accordance with incomes indicated in the survey.

2.5.3 Health Services

There are few hospitals/private clinics in the communities of the project area. However, there are also some traditional medical practices observed in some parts of the communities. The nature/state of these health facilities is another issue of concern. In the project area, 78.3% of the respondents reported that the dispensaries/maternity places are in bad condition, 72.9% reported the private clinics are not good and 57.6% reported that the public hospitals are also in a dilapidated condition. This indicates that the quality of the health services in the project area is generally poor. Many people visit quacks and patent medicine shops for minor

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medical treatment. (62.5%). Figures 4.6a and 4.6b show the availability and condition of the health facilities respectively. Information/data obtained from the local government health information records show that common diseases are diarrhoea, malaria, typhoid, pneumonia, cough, skin diseases, eye infections, ear diseases, and waterborne diseases (Figure 2.13 a,b)

Figure 2.13a,b: Status of Health Services or Facilities in the Aroject Area

2.5.4 Existing Community Structures Some existing community social services are non-functional while a significant proportion of them are in deplorable condition.

Figure 2.14 a, b: Functional Status of Community Services 71% of the respondents reported that there are only open village marketsin the area (see fig 2.14a,b above). Also 77% of the respondents reported not having any form of built lock up stalls. This however indicates that they carry their goods to and fro the market place on daily basis.

2.5.5 Household Waste Disposal Most of the respondents dispose their household wastes into the river and within their compounds. In many areas, the wastes are also dumped at illegal dumpsites. Solid waste management in the project area is a considerable hazard to the health of the population and the effective functioning of the storm water drainage systems. In the project area, unmanaged refuse disposal causes regular obstruction of the storm water drainage systems. Domestic refuse is disposed randomly outside the residential compounds and the flood-prone areas are also treated as de facto waste disposal areas. 2.5.6 Religion The people of study area areChristian mainly of catholic and Anglican denominations. There are however a few traditionalists in the community. No Mosques was identified in Asu-Umunaga (Figure 2.15a)

Figure 2.15a: Religious Status of Respondents in the Project Area

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CHAPTER THREE

3.0 RESETTLEMENT POLICY AND LEGAL FRAMEWORK 3.1 Introduction A number of national and international environmental guidelines are applicable to the operation of the NEWMAP. The following policy and regulatory frameworks guided the preparation of this RAP. 3.2 The Resettlement Policy Framework (RPF) of the NEWMAP The Resettlement Policy Framework (RPF) was prepared as a guide to set out the general terms under which land acquisition/encroachment, and/or any form of involuntary displacement of persons from the land or right of way of the project can take place, to comply with the World Bank Operational Policy (OP 4.12 - Involuntary Resettlement). The RPF specified that during implementation stage and following the identification of subprojects and sites for the developments, individual resettlementaction plans should be prepared that must be consistent with the provisions of the RPF. It also provided a generic process for the preparation of resettlement plans.

The RPF specified that in addressing impacts, resettlement plans must include measures to ensure that the displaced persons are:

 Informed about their options and rights pertaining to resettlement;  Consulted on, offered choices among, and provided with technically and economically feasible resettlement alternatives;  Provide prompt and effective compensation at full replacement cost for losses of assets and access attributable to the project.  Enabled to restore and preferably improve their living standards compared to the pre-project condition

In the overall, a major objective of the RPF was to ensure that PAPs are meaningfully consulted, participated in the planning process and are adequately compensated to the extent that at least their pre-displacement incomes have been restored and in a fair and transparent process.

The RPF specified that occupants who must be displaced will be moved at minimum cost and at short distance as possible. It also states that occupants who must be moved will be assisted physically by inclusion of preparatory site work in the works programme of the contractor and/or by payments to move shops and items of livelihoods to alternative locations. It also recommended the setting up of a dispute resolution mechanism that will address complaints and grievances that may emanate from the resettlement or compensation process. The preparation of this RAP is consistent with the guidelines and recommendations of the RPF of NEWMAP which is also found to be in agreement with the guidelines of the World Bank OP 4.12.

3.3 Relevant Nigeria Acts and Legislations 3.3.1 Land Use Act of 1978 and Resettlement Procedures The Land Use Act, Cap 202, 1990 Laws of the Federation of Nigeria is the applicable law regarding ownership, transfer, acquisition and all such dealings on Land. The provisions of the Act vest every Parcel of Land in every State of the Federation in the Executive Governor of the State. He holds such parcel of land in trust for the people and government of the State. The Act categorized the land in a state to urban and non-urban or local areas. The administration of the urban land is vested in the Governor, while the latter is vested in the Local Government Councils. At any rate, all lands irrespective of the category belongs to the State while individuals only enjoy a right of occupancy as contained in the certificate of occupancy, or where the grants are “deemed”. Thus the Land Use Act is the key legislation that has direct relevance to resettlement and compensation in Nigeria. Relevant Sections of these laws with respect to land ownership and property rights, resettlement and compensation are summarized in this section. The Governor administers the land for the common good and benefits of all Nigerians. The law makes it lawful for the Governor to grant statutory rights of occupancy for all purposes; grant easements appurtenant to statutory rights of occupancy and to demand rent. The Statutory

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rights of Occupancy are for a definite time (the limit is 99 years) and may be granted subject to the terms of any contract made between the state Governor and the Holder.

Local governments may grant customary rights of occupancy to land in any non-urban area to any person or organization for agricultural, residential, and other purposes, including grazing and other customary purposes ancillary to agricultural use. But the limit of such grant is 500 hectares for agricultural purpose and 5,000 for grazing except with the consent of the Governor. The local Government, under the Act is allowed to enter, use and occupy for public purposes any land within its jurisdiction that does not fall within an area compulsorily acquired by the Government of the Federation or of relevant State; or subject to any laws relating to minerals or mineral oils.

3.3.1.1 Requirements of the Land Use Act The State is required to establish an administrative system for the revocation of the rights of occupancy, and payment of compensation for the affected parties. So, the Land Use Act provides for the establishment of a Land Use and Allocation Committee in each State that determines disputes as to compensation payable for improvements on the land. (Section 2 (2) (c). In addition, each State is required to set up a Land Allocation Advisory Committee, to advise the Local Government on matters related to the management of land. The holder or occupier of such revoked land is to be entitled to the value of the unexhausted development as at the date of revocation. (Section 6) (5). Where land subject to customary right of Occupancy and used for agricultural purposes is revoked under the Land Use Act, the local government can allocate alternative land for the same purpose (section 6) (6). If local government refuses or neglects within a reasonable time to pay compensation to a holder or occupier, the Governor may proceed to effect assessment under section 29 and direct the Local Government to pay the amount of such compensation to the holder or occupier. (Section 6) (7).

Where a right of occupancy is revoked on the ground either that the land is required by the Local, State or Federal Government for public purpose or for the extraction of building materials, the holder and the occupier shall be entitled to compensation for the value at the date of revocation of their unexhausted improvements. Unexhausted improvement has been defined by the Act as anything of any quality permanently attached to the land directly resulting from the expenditure of capital or labour by any occupier or any person acting on his behalf, and increasing the productive capacity the utility or the amenity thereof and includes buildings plantations of long-lived crops or trees, fencing walls, roads and irrigation or reclamation works, but does not include the result of ordinary cultivation other than growing produce.

Developed Land is also defined in the generous manner under Section 50(1) as follows: land where there exists any physical improvement in the nature of road development services, water, electricity, drainage, building, structure or such improvements that may enhance the value of the land for industrial, agricultural or residential purposes. It follows from the foregoing that compensation is not payable on vacant land on which there exist no physical improvements resulting from the expenditure of capital or labour. The compensation payable is the estimated value of the unexhausted improvements at the date of revocation.

Payment of such compensation to the holder and the occupier as suggested by the Act is confusing. Does it refer to holder in physical occupation of the land or two different personsentitled to compensation perhaps in equal shares? The correct view appears to follow from the general tenor of the Act. First, the presumption is more likely to be the owner of such unexhausted improvements. Secondly, the provision of section 6(5) of the Act, which makes compensation payable to the holder and the occupier according to their respective interests, gives a pre-emptory directive as to who shall be entitled to what.

Again the Act provides in section 30 that where there arises any dispute as to the amount of compensation calculated in accordance with the provisions of section 29, such dispute shall be referred to the appropriate Land Use and Allocation Committee. It is clear from section 47 (2) of the Act that no further appeal will lie from the decision of such a committee. If this is so, then the provision is not only retrospective but also conflicts with the fundamental principle of natural justice, which requires that a person shall not be a judge in his own cause. The Act must, in making this provision, have proceeded on the basis that the committee is a distinct body quite different from the Governor or the Local Government. It is submitted, however, that it will be

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difficult to persuade the public that this is so since the members of the committee are all appointees of the Governor.

Where a right of occupancy is revoked for public purposes within the state of the Federation; or on the ground of requirement of the land for the extraction of building materials, the quantum of compensation shall be as follows:

 In respect of the land, an amount equal to the rent, if any, paid by the occupier during the year in which the right of occupancy was revoked.  In respect of the building, installation or improvements therein, for the amount of the replacement cost of the building, installation or improvements to be assessed on the basis of prescribed method of assessment as determined by the appropriate officer less any depreciation, together with interest at the bank rate for delayed payment of compensation. With regards to reclamation works, the quantum of compensation is such cost as may be substantiated by documentary evidence and proof to the satisfaction of the appropriate officer.  In respect of crops on land, the quantum of compensation is an amount equal to the value as prescribed and determined by the appropriate officer.

Where the right of occupancy revoked is in respect of a part of a larger portion of land, compensation shall be computed in respect of the whole land for an amount equal in rent, if any, paid by the occupier during the year in which the right of occupancy was revoked less a proportionate amount calculated in relation to the area not affected by the revocation; and any interest payable shall be assessed and computed in the like manner. Where there is any building installation or improvement or crops on the portion revoked, the quantum of compensation shall follow as outlined above and any interest payable shall be computed in like manner.

3.4 State Legislations The relevant state ministry is the State Ministry of Lands, Survey & Town Planning. Some of the functions of the State Ministry include:

Ebonyi State Ministry of Lands, Survey and Town Planning

The Ministry is given the task of taking up responsibility for all form of land policies within the state. It gives advices to the government on land tenure issues, and also manages government land and properties. The Ministry of lands, urban and regional planning is also tasked with administrative rights to land use decree, urban development, town planning, city and town rejuvenation.

3.5 International Guidelines International Development Partners/Agencies such as World Bank and other financial organizations interested in development projects recognize this highly especially in development that result in involuntary resettlement. It is against this background that policies and guidelines have been set for managing such issues. The World Bank’s policy on involuntary resettlement will be applied in any sub-project of the NEWMAP that displaces people from land or productive resources due to land take. Where there is conflict between national legislation and World Bank Operational Policies, the latter policies shall prevail.

3.5.1 The World Bank Policy on Involuntary Resettlement (OP. 4.12) The Bank’s policy on Involuntary Resettlement advocates that where feasible, involuntary resettlement should be avoided or minimized. Resettlement shall be conceived and executed as a sustainable development program, where it is inevitable, providing sufficient investment resources to enable persons displaced by the project share in project benefit.

Persons displaced shall be: i. Duly consulted and should have opportunity to participate in the planning and execution of the resettlement; ii. Compensated for their losses at full replacement cost prior to civil works; iii. Assisted with the move and supported during the transitional period in the resettlement site;

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iv. Assisted in their effort to improve their former living standards, income earning capacity and production levels or at least to restore them. For the nature of the Asu River training at the Asu-Umunaga Flood Site, which will also involve some civil works constructions, the World Bank required the preparation of a Resettlement Action Plan to be used to guide the execution of a sustainable resettlement or compensation process for all the PAPs.

3.5.2 Conclusion Drawn from the Review of World Bank Policies on Involuntary Resettlement Review of the different policy guidelines of the World Bank (OP/BP 4.12) shows that primarily, the World Bank agree that PAPs be compensated or assisted irrespective of legal status of PAPs to the land/or place they occupy. The key concern articulated in this policy is to ensure that PAPs are compensated or assisted including income restoration measures to ensure that they are not economically worse off relative to pre-project period.

3.5.2.1 Comparison between Land Use Act and the World Bank’s Policy (OP4.12) on Compensation In this section a comparison is made between the World Bank policies (OP4.12) and the Nigerian Land Use Act. Whereas the law relating to land administration in Nigeria is wide and varied, entitlements for payment of compensation are essentially based on right of ownership. The Bank’s OP4.12 is fundamentally different from this and states that affected persons are entitled to some form of compensation whether or not they have legal title if they occupy the land by an announced cut -off date. The Nigeria Land Use Act and World Bank Safeguards Policy OP/BP 4.12 agree that compensation should be given to PAPs in the event of land acquisition and displacement of persons prior to the commencement of works. Thus all land to be acquired by the government for this project will be so acquired subject to the Laws of Nigeria and the Bank OP4.12. In the event of divergence between the two, the World Bank safeguard policy shall take precedence over Nigeria Land Use Act (Table 3.1).

Table 3.1 Comparison of Nigerian Land Use Act and World Bank OP4.12 on Compensation Category Nigerian Law World Bank OP 4.12

Land Owners: statutory rights Cash compensation based upon Recommends land-for-land market value compensation, or cash compensation at Land Owners: customary rights replacement cost. Land Tenants Cash compensation for land full Equivalent value. If not, cash at improvements; compensation in with replacement value, including kind Land Users other village/district land transfer costs. Entitled to compensation based on Entitled to some form of Owners of Non-permanent Buildings the amount of rights they hold upon compensation subject to the Owners of permanent Buildings legal land. recognition of their rights Land users without title rights be it Entitled for compensation for customary, C of O or R of O are not crops and entitled for land entitled to any form of compensation replacement and income loss or assistance compensation for minimal of the pre- project level. Cash compensation based on Entitled to in-kind compensation or prevailing market value cash compensation at full replacement cost including labour and relocation expenses, prior to displacement. Cash compensation based on Entitled to in-kind compensationor prevailing market value cash compensation at full replacement cost including labour and relocation expenses, prior to displacement.

This RAP will be aligned with the World Bank Operational Policies involving the Involuntary Resettlement policy which indicate best practices for rehabilitation of livelihoods of people affected by the implementation of the project. This is so because they are involved in the funding of the project and also because their respective policies bestfulfil the social objectives of the project, ensuring that the conditions of PAPs are preferably improved and at least restored to pre-displacement levels as well as offers special considerations for vulnerable and landless PAPs.

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CHAPTER FOUR

4.0 VALUATION AND COMPENSATION METHODOLOGY

4.1 Introduction

This chapter describes the valuation methodology implementation of RAP/ compensations presented based on the needs assessment findings.

4.2 Valuation Methodology

The methodology used is as follows:-

4.2.1 Replacement Cost Method

It is however, noteworthy that no loss of building, physical structures or any other asset except land and farm crops will be affected in the RAP for Asu- Umunaga Intervention Site.

4.2.2 Land Resettlement

The World Bank OP 4.12 requires that displaced owners of land be provided with an area of land equivalent to their displaced land. It states that land restoration should be in a location that has similar value as the one displaced to the project. However the owners of the lands who are indigenes of Uburu community willing to give out their portions which will be required by the project activities will be compensated by monetary value based on the findings of needs assessment.

4.3 Compensation and Other Resettlement Assistance A description of the packages of compensation and other resettlement measures to assist each category of eligible displaced persons to achieve the objectives of the plan have been designed and presented as captured. All PAPs due for compensation have been duly issued identification means as shown in Annex 6.

4.3.1 Modes of Restitution All project affected persons have been carefully documented with their phone numbers. All the PAPs can be reached by the village/district heads as the streets/houses are not numbered. The notification for payment will include how payments will be made and when. The peculiar localsecurity situations shouldbe taken into consideration by the SPMU in reaching out to the PAPs for payments.

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4.4 Compensation Payment and Procedures for Delivery of Compensation

The main objective of the RAP is to develop programmes that aim to improve the livelihoods of PAPs or restore them to the pre-displacement levels. Where impact on land use is such that sustainability of livelihoods may be affected, preference will be given to land for land compensation rather than cash payouts.

This applies to the PAPs who are not necessarily physically displaced but who are affected by a land loss that affects their sustainability.

4.4.1 Principles to be adopted for Compensation

The following principles should be followed for payment of compensation for lost assets

 Compensation shall be paid prior to acquisition or displacement;  Compensation will be at replacement cost;  Compensation for structures shall include the full cost of materials and labourrequired forreconstructing a building of similar surface and standing.  Compensate all the PAPs adequately for properties and income lost  Check and ensure that resettlement was built in as an upfront project cost to avoid inadequate compensation.That is to say, the affected person must be able to have their farming activities restored in a different locationusingthe compensation paid.  The Compensation package will also include cost of moving, such as transport costs as well as any associated land titling or transfer fees.  All payments should be in monetary forms as agreed with the PAPs.  Payment of compensation will be made by the Resettlement and CompensationCommittee. This committee will include members of the SPMU and selected community leaders from the affected location.

4.4.2 Procedure for Delivery of Compensation

The procedure for delivery of compensation to PAPs shall include but not limited to the following:-

 Full payment of compensation carried out before possession of acquired sites  Formally making offers to affected persons and allowingpersons to accept or reject offer, offer a counter claim and seek redress under the grievance procedures established  Implementationcommittee communicates the amount to be paid to the PAPs  Transfer to individual accountsis the preferred and first mode of payment. SPMU shall make arrangements with nearest bank to effect payments without any challenge to the PAPs.  Necessary document of payments to the affected persons should be presentedto Local Land/Asset Valuation Committeefrom the local government and/or other independent witnesses ofthe affected personand leaders of the communities.  Proper receipts should be issued and copies given to the affected persons including the FinanceDepartment of SPMU  Comprehensive reports on payment made be submitted for review by SPMUManagement. 

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CHAPTER FIVE

5.0 GENDER AND VULNERABLE PERSONS ACTION PLAN

5.1 Introduction

A community consultation and census carried out by the consultant on the various communities affected by the flood menace and affected by the proposed intervention works revealed that many women would be affected by the project. It also showed that 80% of vulnerable persons in the categories of orphans, aged, widows, widowee and women. Based on this therefore, the proposed project needs to inculcate gender and vulnerable persons’ action plan into the implementation schedule. This chapter describes displacement, and vulnerability status of women PAPs, measures taken during project consultations to enhance their participation.

5.1.1 Displacement Status

The displacement status of PAPs encountered in resettlement projects may be categorized into two depending on the magnitude of impact on an individual on his or her assets.

 Category A: Partially displaced Persons => These are Project Affected Persons (PAPs), in which part of their farms, economic tree or any valuable asset will be taken for the purpose of implementing and operating the proposed project.  Category B: Fully displaced Persons =>These are Project Affected Persons (PAPs), in which the total of their farm lands or other assets will be fully taken for the purpose of implementing and operating the proposed project.

Similarly, an individual or individuals are considered vulnerable not based on the scope of this project but by society in terms of victimization, social justice and employment right. In this study, we classified vulnerability into five groups;orphans, aged, widows, widow/aged anddisabled. PAPs in the proposed project area are shown in Table 5.1 and 5.2. A total of two hundred and forty five (245) persons would be affected by the proposed intervention works in the Asu-Umunaga flood site. Of this number 56.3% (198) are men and 43.7% (107) are women. A significant 56.56% (112) of those that will be fully displaced are women while 43.44% (86) are men. Similarly of the 55 PAPs to be partially displaced about 45% (16) would be women. More significantly over 80% of the vulnerable persons among the PAPs are widows, aged above 75%. Based on these statistics, the following gender and vulnerable action plan is proposed to be included in the project implementation schedule of the PAPs to further improve their welfare.

Table5.1: Displacement status of Project Affected Persons (PAPs) S/N Sex Frequency Fully Partially Vulnerable Community(vulnerable persons) Aged displaced displaced Persons Urobo Umuchima Umunaga 1 M 138 86 39 15 6 10 0 Above 70yrs.

2 F 107 112 16 63 23 37 2 Above 75yrs. 245 198 55 78 29 47 02

Table 5.2 : Profile of Vulnerable Persons Orphans Disabled Widowed Aged Widowed/Aged Urobo 1 0 17 5 6 Umuchima 0 1 20 17 9 Mgbom 0 0 0 0 0 Umunaga 0 0 2 0 0

01 01 39 22 15

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5.2 Gender Consultations

During interaction section between the consultants’ team and women living in the communities of the project areas, majority of the women are farmers who combine it with petty trading. On how the project will affect their livelihood, the women made mention of many women who are heads household (who are either widows, divorced or single mothers) whose only occupation is farming along the proposed project corridor that will be afeected.

5.2.1 Women Headed Households (WHH) Women who are heads of households may have to face additional challenge of managing a household on limited income and resources on the wake of the project implementation. This may force such women and their children to participate in involuntary work to augment household income. Out of 107 females on the four communities on the survey, 52 are women household heads.

5.2.2 Women’s Employment Status There is no forced employment for the women residing in the project areas despite being in an economically active age range. Out of the women interviewed, 90% are active farmers, and only earn seasonal income i.e. the period when they harvest their crops and seeds, while 10% are aged and cannot partake in any economic activities.

5.2.3 Women’s involvement and participation in the project Experience shows that it is necessary to consult women and give them the opportunity to make choices in enabling them decide for their own development program. Women’s was guaranteed during the consultation meetings because they specifically chose time, venue, settings and significantly participated as facilitators. (Table 5.3). The following principles and actions should be pursued during project implementation.

Table 5.3: Women’s Involvement in Project

Key Indicators Steps taken by Project Representation and presence of women All meetings that took place, has representation of women. The from different socio-economic groups in meetings/consultations were organized at a time when women find all meetings it convenient to attend, so maximum participation can be recorded. Venue for meetings is based on The meeting venue was generally selected by the participants. discussions with the women so they can feel free and secure in their discussions. Women facilitators or work through Women facilitators were engaged for survey women’s groups. Women’s involvement in preparation The RAP will be disclosed in a mixed group as well as separated and review of social documents. for men and women members. The women specific activities to be carried out were finalized in consultation with women members. Ensure women’s involvement and In order to pre-empt situations where women are mere tokens in participation in implementation and decision-making processes, women are being encouraged to monitoring. participate in prioritization of activities and monitoring of their implementation. For monitoring and evaluation, scope for women’s participation shall be priotized. Monitoring of project inputs concerning benefit to women should invite their participation that will make the process more transparent to them. Women to be encouraged to evaluate the project outputs from their point of view and their useful suggestions should be noted for taking necessary actions for further modifications in the project creating better and congenial situation for increasing participation from women. Inclusion of women in the socio-economic Gender –disaggregated information for each household was survey collected including;  Ownership and use of resources;  Decision making regarding finance and resource use;  Women’s formal and informal income-earning activities;  Extent of women’s dependence on the Asu- River for day to day living, irrigation etc; and  Women’s skills

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Income – restoration programs to During social impact assessment, existing levels of women’s skills address gender issues and their occupation were assessed. Women’s participation to be initiated through Interest Group formation. Special orientation meetings will be arranged with the women members to help form Interest groups. Training will be provided to women PAPs in different Interest groups along with exposure visits by NGOs.

So far, the involvement of women during consultation meetings for the proposed Asu-Umunaga intervention work has been commended by stakeholders. There had been series of awareness and consultations with both genders (males and females) sensitizing them on the design, objective and implementation plan of the proposed project.

5.2.4 Involvement of Women in Construction Activities Although, the proposed project will involve the use of foreign skilled labour and machineries, local labour would indicate interest to be engaged. Among these local unskilled labourers to be engaged should be women. Therefore, foreseeing the involvement of women and their children directly or indirectly in the construction activities, certain measures are required to be taken towards the welfare of women and children in particular during the intervention. A number of welfare provisions mentioned below have been planned directly to cover all the women and children in the construction site.

 Loss strenuous jobs should be rescued for women and children  Closing hours for local women/children labourers should be reduced compared to those for men labourers  Women and children should be given longer break time  They should be given preferential treatment in the settlement of wages, and  Women and children should be given work protective gears and kits.

5.3 Measures to improve and ensure that livelihood for women are restored

Special attention shall be given to women during NEWMAP grant and compensation. Small loan assistance programme will be developed particularly for women headed households. Besides, the following measures need to be undertaken to ensure that women’s livelihoods are restored or even improved compared to what existed before project implementation.

. Income generating program will be organized to ensure that women derive reliable income by engaging in activities that are within their capacity, taking into account the availability of resources and type of trade that they are already engaged in; . Capacity development assistance shall be provided to improve the access of women to skills training for non-farm employment such as tailoring, and weaving small goods shops; marketing-buying and selling local produce; processing of locally produced products; . Social awareness campaigns and training opportunities will be organized to increase women’s integration into social and economic mainstream; and . Project will strengthen women’s Community based and non-governmental organizations by providing training and advisory supports once construction work commences.

5.3.1 Training for Self Employment When the personal capacity and compentency of single women and vulnerable persons are enhanced through targeted training programmes, their ability for self gainful employment would enhance the social subtainability of the RAP.  Training programs on other trades other than farming should be organize for the women PAPs. In that respect, each woman will belong to an Interest group depending on the trade preference.

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 Relevant CBOs/NGOs should take up and train them in trades like beautician, tailoring, catering, event management and agricultural processing.

5.4 Role of Community Based and Non-Governmental Organisations (CBOs/NGOs)

The focal NGO engaged for the implementation of the project will be responsible for the following actions geared for women/gender development.

 Identify the roles of women PAPs and their roles and opportunities in the project;  Forming Interest Groups among the women PAPs;  Prepare the skill development programs for women PAPs for their education, income generation and knowledge development;  Identify the institutions involved in women development schemes;  Implement Gender Development Plan;  Develop monitoring and evaluation mechanism for gender development activities;  Communicate between women Interest Groups and other stakeholders for getting the help of existing programs; and  Prepare a periodic report on activities undertaken for the welfare of women.

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CHAPTER SIX

6.0 IDENTIFICATION OF PROJECT IMPACTS AND PROJECT AFFECTED PERSONS

6.1 Introducation

Impacts are consegnences resulting form brought about by a proposed or an going operation or project. The expected impacts distribution interms of social, gander and livelihood issues are described in chapter six.

6.2 Procedure to Impacts Identification and Inventory of Impacts

Three essential parameters were used to identify the associated impact on persons and/or community in the proposed Intervention project, they are as follows:-

1) Study of the kind of activities and the land demand during project implementation 2) Field visitation to the site for actual site verification and inventory of potentially affected assets 3) Consultation with community on socio-economic and cultural properties and livelihoods that may be threaten or lost.

6.3 Definition of Activities and Land Demand for Implementation of Project

For the purpose of this RAP, the engineering design report for the Asu-Umunaga River intervention work was reviewed. Hydrology study of the report shows that the River watershed has vast low lying catchment areas. This is why the river overflow its bank from runoff during rainfall no matter the intensity of the rain. The study shows that the flow pattern of the River channel through its meandering and sometimes convoluted course contributes to its flow characteristics and kinematics. Uniform velocity and laminar flow at the areas of relative straight course, while the meander areas flow with turbulence which later result to reduced velocity due to obstructions on the meander areas and water retention and hydraulic jump. And when the rise goes beyond the channel capacity, the result is flooding in the low lying flood plains.

Therefore, the proposed intervention as designed by the engineering design consultant is to trim the river channel to obtain a new route of relative straight course from river head of downstream. The trimming will involve excavating the farmlands, construction of concrete structures, gabion and check dams to create the proposed new Asu-River route.With regards to the above descriptions, we found out that the likely activities that may trigger involuntary resettlement and impacts are excavation and movement of machineries on farmlands and civil works such as cross-drainage, gabions, check dam with rip-rap, geo-textiles and deforestation.

Land demand for several hectares would be needed because of the pathway of machineries and trucks that will be used during civil works. However, this land take will only be necessary during construction and therefore is temporal in nature.

6.4 Field visit to the Asu-Umunaga Flood Intervention Site

Summary of inventory of affected assets in the project area shows that:-

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 There are rice, cassava, vegetables and yam farmlands and economic trees located within the Asu- Umunaga intervention site;  No settlement is found around the site;  No market, church and social institution within the area;  There are traces of economic activities within the river such as fishing, others are snail and crab catching and ferry business with local canoes;  The lowlying flood plain for rice farming is being deteriorated by the flood menace  Public utilities (bridge, culvert and access road) are located within the river environment;  Public utilities available are under threat  The river is muddy with suspended particulates, therefore not safe for drinking and domestic use.

6.5 Community Perceptions on Socio-economic and Cultural properties and Livelihoods

Community consultations were held with Community leaders, stakeholders, women groups, vulnerablepersons on the objectives of the proposed NEWMAP project and the need to support both the ESMP and RAP projects. With respect to the RAP, the provisions of the involuntary policy of the World Bank were made clear to the project community. That is to say that OP 4.12 takes cognizance of persons and assets that will be affected physically or economically as a result of activities of the project which the Bank is funding and not those that had occurred prior to project conception and/or implementation, Consequently, the nature of the social impacts therefore, is classified into two; namely’ those associated with the planned intervention and those related to a no intervention or delayed intervention scenario. (Table 6.1)

Table 6.1 clearly reveals that more social and economic losses would be suffered by members of the community without the proposed intervention. Losses in incomes from destruction of some economic trees on the pathway of proposed intervention works will only be temporary and are such not significant. Social crises that may trail the land take for the project will be restored by the proposed RAP program.

Table 6.1: Identification of Impacts from Community Consultations and Field visits

Impacts Source Existing and No Planned Flood Intervention Intervention Scenario Works Pollution of Asu-River x x

Fragmentation of community land and alteration of land use x Depletion of available land x

Destruction of flora and fauna x

Reduced available land for Agriculture x

Destruction of public utility such as culvert and access road x Incidence of drowning x

Threat to life and community fragmentation due to x activeness/spread of the flood Leaching of soil nutrients and low productivity of crops x Increased cost of domestic water

Reduction in rice, cassava, yam and vegetables x

Reduction in quantity of existing land holdings (or size) used x for trees of economic value (bamboos, softwood, Palm trees) Losses in income from reduction in existing number of x economic trees Social crises may trail the land take for the project x

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CHAPTER SEVEN

7.0 MITIGATION MEASURES FOR SOCIAL AND LIVELIHOOD IMPACTS

7.1 Introduction

This chapter provides the objectives that will guided formulation of mitigation measures and programme of activities expected to restore social and livelihood issues of the community and in particular, the vulnerable persons like widows, disabled persons, orphans and the needy.

7.2 Linkage of Impacts with the ESMF (OP 4.01) and RPF (OP 4.12)

7.2.1 Linkage of Impacts with the ESMF (OP 4.01)

The ESMF recommended that adverse impacts should be managed to barest minimum and avoided and where the avoidance is not possible there should be mitigation measures to be adopted for social and environment sustainability. Accordingly, the mitigation measures highlighted below should be incorporated to the recommendations of the ESMP to promote safeguards decision making before embarking on civil works on the site.

7.2.2 Linkage of Impacts with the RPF (OP 4.12)

It is necessary at this stage to connect the identified impacts of the RAP study with the operating rules and guidelines of the Bank. First, OP 4.12 requires that upon scoping or inventory of potential and associated impacts that the RAP study identifies the eligible category of affected persons/groups and their entitlements. The RPF provides the description of eligibility criteria for defining category of RAPs.It recognizes the following as eligibility criteria:-

a) Those who have formal rights to land (including customary, traditional and religious rights recognized under the Federal and/or State Laws of Nigeria; b) Those who do not have formal legal rights to land at the time of the census but have claim to such land assets provided that such claims are recognised through a process identified in this resettlement plan; c) Those who have no recognisable legal right or claim to the land they are occupying, using or getting their livelihood; d) Those enumerated as tenants in the various compounds/houses affected.

The above summarised eligibility criteria pre-supposes that individuals, households or business entities may be affected by proposed project activities. This is however at variance with the case in Asu-Umunaga flood intervention site where only individual owned farmlands are affected.

7.3 Objectives of Mitigation Measures

The following objectives were formulated to guide identification of mitigation measures:-

 Promotion of community ownership of the project from planning stage;  Proper and early involvement and participation of project affected persons in formulation of project alternatives, design and implementation procedures;  Implementation of livelihood program and social corporate responsibilities based on the need assessment outcome;  Involvement of NGOs in implementation of livelihood restoration and improvement programs based on the outcome of the need assessment study.

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7.4 Summary of Social and Livelihoods Impact from Proposed Project

From the identification of project impacts and project affected assets, the significant impact of proposed project works include:-

7.5 Mitigation Measures

The following mitigation measures will be implemented to ameliorate and or eliminate identified social and livelihood issues:

7.5.1 Social Issues/Impacts The following social issues are considered essential to the success of project management measures. These include but not limited to the need to ensure that:-  Relevant community NGOs/CBOs/Social organisations be engaged in project start up activities  Various local communication channels be used to disseminate information about the potential project benefits to individuals  Project Affected Persons (PAPs) and those vulnerable persons among them be given positions of responsibility or visibility in the project site committee and other livelihood support committees  Full implementation of livelihood support program be based on the outcome of the community need assessment.

7.5.2 Mitigations, Economic and Livelihood Issues/Impacts  Economic livelihood support to be given to all persons with project affected assets;  Fair, equitable and full compensation to be paid to all those Project Affected Persons (PAPs);  Considerable number of community members (and in particular those directly affected by the project activities) be given employment;  Community that will suffer temporary losses of means of livelihood are to be included among community members to be trained on other trades as alternative livelihood;  A community representative officer (CRO) should be appointed to supervise full implementation of relevant social, economic and livelihood mitigation measures;  A standing site committee should be actively involved in project implementation and supervision;  The community representative officer (CRO) should be a member of the site committee;  Workers should be properly trained on environmental management, Health, Safety and Environment (HSE) and other work ethics including responsibilities of construction companies to enhance their capacity to discharge monitoring functions (performance monitoring);  Alternative domestic water should be provided for the entire Uburu Community to alleviate demand due to the degradation of the Asu River water during project construction.

7.6 Livelihood Restoration Measures for the PAPs and Vulnerable Persons

Due to the low income status of the affected community, it is expected that about 40% of the Uburu population may be economically vulnerable due partly to their land degradation caused by the regular flooding episodes over farmlands. Therefore, Ebonyi State SPMU will adequately compensated Uburu community during the project implementation (NEWMAP component 1C: Livelihood Restoration programme. Budget for livelihood support should be as provided by the component 1C. Ebonyi NEWMAP will identify the economically vulnerable group during the livelihood needs assessment survey. The SPMU shall guide the identified group to make best use of livelihood support alternatives provided by NEWMAP especially those that enhance flood intervention aspects such as gabion box making, rain water harvesting, vetiva grass cultivation and moringa production. The interest group (that is, the PAPs) if formed will be trained on measures likely to pull through proposed project adverse impacts based on the economic activity value chain of suggested livelihood

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restoration measures. Welding, tailoring, small retail shop, food production, motor mechanic and computer skill acquisition programmes.

CHAPTER EIGHT

8.0 RAP INSTITUTIONAL ARRANGEMENTS AND CAPACITY BUILDING

8.1 This chapter outlines the responsibilities of the various agencies, organisations and bodies that are expected to collaborate to ensure smooth and effective implementation of the RAP.

8.2 Organisational Arrangement

Table 8.1: Role and Responsibilities for Implementation of the RAP S/N Category Role and Responsibilities 1 Ebonyi State EBS-NEWMAP  Develop and implement RAP and other safeguard instrument; SPMU  Drives activities of procurement, capacity building, service-provider mobilization, and monitoring;  Coordinates the many participating MDAs at State and Local Government levels;  Prepare a detailed action plan and time table for the day to day RAP implementation;  Organise the necessary training and capacity building measures for the unit itself and for other partner organisations and committees;  Establish all local level institutions and committees which will participate in the implementation of the RAP and provide them with the necessary training and capacity building measures;  Coordinates and undertake compensation activities in accordance with the principles and procedures specified in the RAP;  Implement the income restoration and social development program and projects in accordance with the principles and procedures specified in the RAP;  Ensure the systematic monitoring, review and evaluation of the RAP in accordance with the framework and guidelines provided in the RAP;  Monitor and take corrective actions and submit reports to the relevant higher bodies for timely action;  Implement the RAP including their involvement to redress complaints and internal monitoring;  Organise the necessary orientation and training for SPMU officials in consultation with communities;  Implement payment of compensation and other measures (relocation and rehabilitation entitlement) to PAPs in a timely manner  Ensure that progress reports are submitted to the World Bank regularly. 2 EBS-NEWMAP SPMU SSO  Initiates the implementation of the RAP; (Social Safeguard Officer)  Review and approve contractor’s implementation plan for the social and livelihoods impacts mitigation measures (or mitigation and enhancement measures);  Liaise with the Contractors and SPMU on implementation of the RAP;  Coordinate on behalf of SPMU day to day activities with the relevant line departments ad oversee the implementation of RAP instrument, prepare compliance reports with statutory requirements, etc;  Monitor and supervise regularly the implementation of RAP;  Observe payment of compensation to PAPs;  Identify and liaise with all relevant stakeholders for the RAP implementation  Responsiile for the enforcement of all safeguard requirements and ensuring the sustainability of all RAP provisions.

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S/N Category Role and Responsibilities 3 EBS-NEWMAP M&EO  Develop the monitoring and evaluation protocol; (Monitoring and Evaluation  Conduct monitoring of RAP implementation activities; Officer)  Provide early alert to redress any potential problems;  Monitor target achievements;  Identify non-performance and take corrective actions. 4 EBS-NEWMAP SMPU  Review, update and approve work program and activities for the implementation of the RAP; Technical Committee  Review, update and approve operational guidelines of contractor’s cork plans for and other Officers agencies for implementation of the RAP;  Develop and supervise inter-agency/organisation collaborations for the smooth implementation of the RAP at the LGA.  Provide technical support to all stakeholders necessary for smooth implementation of the RAP. 5 Ebonyi State MDAs  Collaborate with EBS-NEWMAP SPMU to prepare and approve work program and activities for the RAP;  Supervise and monitor implementation of the RAP;  Ensure compliance with existing regulatory provisions in the matters of land acquisition and compensation payments;  Supervise and enforce full payment of compensation benefits to PAPs  Make appropriate recommendations or input into the compensation payment process to ensure smooth implementation. 6 Ohaozara Local Government  Coordinate activities at the local level for implementation of the RAP; Technical  Determine and enforce cut-off for resettlement activities and for handling any grievances Committee/Officers and complaints;  Ensure appraisal of properties affected by the project and for which compensation is to be paid;  Coordinate sensitization and awareness campaigns at the local and community levels on the project and RAP;  Appoint a suitable Desk Officer for RAP information management  Participate in grievance redress;  Monitor implementation of the RAP at the local and community levels;  Act as liaison to EBS-NEWMAP SPMU, SMDAs and other organisations and groups working towards implementation of the Project and RAP;  Provide technical support to all stakeholder for the implementation of project and RAP;  Facilitate interaction and corporation between all stakeholders to ensure smooth implementation of the project and RAP. 7 EBS-NEWMAP  Responsible for supervision of compensation activities; Resettlement  Carry out meetings regularly with all PAPs; Implementation Committee  Provide all necessary information to PAPs regarding guidance value and basis for (RIC) calculation of prices to be used for compensation payments;  Carry out appraisal of PAPs and PAAs and finalize entitlements for each PAP;  Prepare detailed implementation plan (quarterly) and pay entitlements to PAPs;  Ensure efficient implementation of the RAP;  Ensure that all grievances related to the payment of compensation to PAPs and other stakeholders are promptly addresses in consultation with EBS-NEWMAP SPMU. 8 Community  Perform external monitoring functions to ensure compliance with ESMP and RAP Committees/Interest provisions/requirements; Groups/Traditional  Support and assist in the mobilization of various relevant grassroot interest groups and Authorities stakeholders; (NGOs/CBOs/CSOs)  Serve and support in the identification of genuine PAPs for compensation payments;  Assist in resolving grievance of PAPs;  Provide support to PAPs during pre and post compensation payments;  Select livelihood opportunities to all PAPs and community interest groups;  Participate in the development approval and implementation livelihood restoration activities and program;  Mobilize and support all vulnerable groups particularly the aged, aged widows, orphan and disable to get their compensation entitlements and livelihood support assistance;  Participate in the implementation of livelihood restoration activities and program.

8.3 Institutional Capacity Building Requirements and Costs

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For the various stakeholders, agencies, organisations and groups that will be involved in the implementation of this RAP to perform their roles and take effective responsibilities for their actions, training and capacity building is necessary. Based on the results or findings from various consultation meetings with stakeholders, the following areas in awareness creation and capacity building have been identified for the successful implementation of the RAP. The cost estimates and duration for the training programmes are outlined in table 8.2.

Table 8.2: Awareness and Capacity Building needs to relevant Stakeholders

S/N Duration Subject Target Audience Resources Budget (N) 1 3 days Involuntary Resettlement and SPMU Staff  Full text of OP Relevant Safeguard tool 4.12 for each  World Bank OP 4.12 participant Involuntary Resettlement  PowerPoint  Gaps between OP 4.12 & presentation 750,000.00 Nigerian Land Use Act and how to bridge them  Principles of RPF and RAP  Planning requirements  Implementation requirements  Grievance and Conflict Management and Resolution  Documentation and disclosure requirements  Eligibility and entitlements  Resettlement and compensations packages  Monitoring and evaluation of Rap. 2 1 day Resettlement Action Plan SPMU, members of  PowerPoint Implementation Resettlement and Grievance presentation  Background Redress Committee  Associated 400,000.00  Resettlement packages Handouts  Consultations and negotiations with affected people  Development of resettlement sites  Grievance redress mechanism 3 1 day Social and Resettlement Contractors, SPMU, LG,  PowerPoint Considerations in Rural CBOs/CSOs presentation Development project/Project start up  Associated 350,000.00  Social and Resettlement aspects Handouts arising during construction and operation stages  Social and Resettlement Good Practices in public works and rural development  Community relations in rural Project Management 4 1 day Public Involvement and Consultation SPMU, LG, Contractors, and Handouts/Fliers in RAP relevant MDAs, Community  RAP Overview leaders/CBOs/NGOs/PAPs 500,000.00  RAP Implementation and the public  Community participation and consultation  Monitoring and Evaluation. Total 2,000,000.00

The estimated cost for capacity building for the various agencies and groups to be involved in the implementation of the RAP is two million Naira (N2,000,000.00) only.

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CHAPTER NINE

9.0 GRIEVANCE REDRESS MECHANISMS

9.1 Introduction

When an aggrieved member of a community or group of persons can have access to a quick, just and simple process of grievance resolution the tendency for violent conflicts are reduced. The issues of grievance redress process, management and control for the RAP are presented in chapter nine.

9.2 Grievance Redress Process There is no one-size-fits-all procedure for grievance resolution; the best solutions to conflicts are generally achieved through localized mechanisms that take account of the specific issues, cultural context, local customs, and project conditions and scale. The procedure to be adopted for grievance resolution for this RAP is as follows: -  Receive and register a complaint.  Screen and assess the complaint.  Attempt alternative responses.  Decide on the best approach or response based on agreed criteria  Implement the approach  Announce the result  Track and evaluate the results  Learn from the experience and communicate back to all parties involved.  Prepare a timely report to management on the nature and resolution of grievances.

9.2.1 Stages in the Grievance Redress Process However, in the event that a complainant is not satisfied with the solution offered by the complaint desk officer the following informal procedure (or options) shall be pursued and or explored. It is only when these channels fail to yield satisfactory results for the complainant that he is free to use the legal or judicial court system. From the start it should be understood that formal legal mechanism for grievance resolution tends to be a lengthy, costly and acrimonious process.

If this fails, the Community head will intervene in resolving the grievances – autonomous traditional authority, Uburu Eze-in-Council and Uke-etiti Uburu in that order.

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Should this fail, the Local Government Desk Officer, who liaises with the Site committee members and the Grievance Committee as well as the SPMU will try and resolve the grievance.

If this fails, the Local Government Chairman will step in.

The judicial system will be the last resort to redress the issues if informal conciliation does not resolve the matter. This, admittedly, is a costly and time-consuming procedure.

9.3 Procedure for Registering a Complaint

The procedure for reporting grievances should be as follows:-

a. The affected person file his/ her grievance, relating to any issue associated with the resettlement process or compensation, in writing or phone to the project Resettlement Committee (Phone numbers will be provided by the SPMU). Where it is written, the grievance note should be signed and dated by the aggrieved person. And where it is phone, the receiver should document every detail. b. A selected member of the Site Committee will act as the Project Liaison Officer who will be the direct liaison with PAPs in collaboration with an independent agency/NGO person in order to ensure objectivity in the grievance process. c. Where the affected person is unable to write, the local Project Liaison Officer will write the note on the aggrieved person’s behalf. d. Any informal grievances will also be documented.

Due registration of a complement or grievance by the grievance dress officer is good for reference purposes and for making progress up dates. Consequently, a registration format should capture the complainant personal data, date the complainant is reported data grievance log was uploaded onto the project database, date information on proposed corrective action is sent to the complainant and the date the case or complaint is closed out. A typical reporting format for a grievance redress which is proposed for the implemental of RAP is shown

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Registration of Grievance with the Grievance Redress Committee

Committee

Treatment of grievance

Closure of grievance by Committee

Is complainant satisfied with committee Yes No ecision

Closure of grievance by Autonomous traditional/local Authority Committee

Uburu Eze-In-Council (comprising leaders of the four autonomous communities)

Uke-etiti Uburu (made up of 14 villages of Uburu)

The Local Government Grievance Redress Desk Officer

SPMU specialist and others

The Ohoazara Local Government Chairman

EBS-NEWMAP SPMU (Social Safeguards Officer)

EBS-NEWMAP SPMU Project Co-ordinator

Ebonyi Honourable Commissioner for Environment 39  Resettlement Action Plan for ASU-UMUNAGA Flood Intervention Site in Ohaozara LGA, Ebonyi State (DRAFT REPORT)

The Courts (Judicial System)

Fig. 9.1 Stages in the Grievance Redress Process for the RAP

9.4 Grievance Log and Response Time

The Grievance redress Desk Officer in recording all grievances will ensure that each complaint has an individual reference number, and is appropriately tracked and recorded actions are completed or closed out.

The response time will depend on the issue to be addressed but it should be addressed with efficiency. The grievance Committee will act on it within few working days of receipt of grievances. If no amicable solution is reached, or the affected person does not receive a response within 15 working days, the affected person can appeal to the next higher authority indicated in Figure 9.2.

Table9.2: A Typical Reporting Format for Grievance Redress Community Type of Grievance Grievance Resolution project & Name Affected, Compensation Compensation Resettlement Other Date of Date Pending Case of Complainant but not on awarded in on not paid benefits Complaint received referred informed inadequate before assets awarded are to the about acquisition not provided Court impacts and options Community Project 1 Complainant A Complainant B Complainant C Community Project 2 Complainant D Complainant E TOTAL

9.5 Monitoring Complaints

The GR desk Officer will be responsible for:-

 Providing the grievance Committee with a weekly report detailing the number and status of complaints  Any outstanding issues to be addressed  Monthly reports, including analysis of the type of complaints, levels of complaints, actions to reduce complaints and recommendation on how to improve efficiency in the entire grievance redress machinery.

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CHAPTER TEN

10.0 RAP IMPLEMENTATION SCHEDULE

10.1 Introduction

This chapter outlines the range of activities and processes required for fully implement the RAP in terms of institutional responsibilities, estimated cost of implementation and budgeting and funding arrangements.

10.2 Resettlement Activities and Responsibilities

The range of activities and management tasks/responsibilities designed to effectively implement the RAP are outlined in Table 10.1. The activities contained in the RAP have to be integrated into various phases of the project construction. The key elements of the implementation schedule are contained in Table 10.1. Construction activities will need to be planned, designed, executed (actual construction works) before commissioning and decommissioning).

Table 10.1: Summary of Resettlement Activities and Responsibility for Implementation of the RAP S/N Project Cycle Phase Activity Responsibilities 1 Planning Scoping and  Clearance and final disclosure of the RAP Consultant supervision by EBS- screening  Review and approval of Contractor’s RAP NEWMAP SPMU, action plan and implementation guidelines CBOs/NGOs/SMDAs  Development and preparation of livelihood support assistance to PAPs and vulnerable groups and other social issues mitigation  WB No-Objection 2 Design Preparation of  Consultations and preparation of the RAP EBS-NEWMAP SPMU, RAP and  Communication and awareness on SMDAs, CBOs/NGOs, LG Consultations notifications of values, making of offers, Committee payment of compensation modalities, meetings with PAPs on eligibility criteria for payment of compensation Completion and  Training and capacity building Integration  Final version of the RAP  Inclusion of the RAP in contract documents  Capacity building Training  WB No-Objection  Vetting of request for compulsory land acquisition and issuance of land titles to resettled PAPs  Establishment of Resettlement and Compensation Committee, grievance and dispute resolution Committee  Procedures for actual dispute resolutions 3 Construction Implementation  Taking possession of site EBS-NEWMAP SPMU, and Monitoring  Coordination of RAP and social and SMDAs, LG Committees, livelihood activities CBOs/NGOs, Contractors  Internal and external monitoring of mitigation measures for social and livelihood impacts for the communities, PAPs and vulnerable groups  Preparation and approval of monitoring and evaluation reports  Non conformance and corrective actions

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 Adherence to contractual clauses and obligations regarding this RAP implementation by contractor(s) 4 Operation (Post Operations and  Monitoring, evaluation and reporting on EBS-NEWMAP SPMU, implementation) Maintenance social and livelihood sustainability issues SMDAs, LG Committee/Staff  Post impact auditing CBOs/NGOs, Contractor(s)

10.3 Estimated Cost of the RAP Implementation and Funding The total cost implication for the implementation of the RAP is N21,382,290.00 (Twenty one million three hundred and eighty two thousand two hundred and ninety Naira only) (Table 10.2). This sum is expected to cover compensation for assets affected and additional mitigations for livelihood restoration measures including the coordination of additional mitigation activities grievance management as well as compensation commissions.

Table 10.2: Budget Estimate for the RAP Implementation S/N ITEM COST (N) TOTAL

A1 Compensation: Agricultural Resources 15,912,290 Land/Structures Nil Sub-total 15,912,290.00 B Additional Mitigation Livelihood restoration measures/assistance for vulnerable 1,250,000.00 groups Grievance Management 620,000.00 Sub-total 1,870,000.00 C Implementation Compensation Commission and NGO witness 600,000.00 Capacity building/Institutional strengthening 2,000,000,00 Disclosure 500,000.00 Management 500,000.00 3,600,000.00 Sub-total

D Grand Total 21,382,290.00 E Add Contingencies (10%) *Allow time for annual/seasonal crop owners to harvest their crops. Careful management of the site based on 15m setback will reduce compensation amount.

10.4 Implementation Timetable

Before any project activity is implemented, PAPs will need to be compensated in accordance with this RAP and the resettlement policy framework. The schedule for the implementation of activities must be agreed to between the Resettlement Committee and the PAPs. These include the target dates for start and completion of all compensations before commencement of construction work. The major component tasks for the RAP are outlined in Table 10.3.

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Table 10.3: Major Component Tasks and Schedule for the RAP Implementation

2015 2016

Activities REMARKS

SEP OCT NOV DEC JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUN JUL

Consultation /Community participation and Information to people affected, cut-off date announcement, census and socio-economic survey, Sep - Dec 2015 analysis date and identification of impacts, of impacts, Restoration assistance measures and preparation of RAP

Disclosure of RAP Jan -Feb 2016

RAP Implementation Compensation and/or supplementary assistance Feb - Mar 2016

Rehabilitation/civil works - commencement of project operations. April 2016

Follow-up visit by responsible stakeholders/SPMU Jun 2016

Income Restoration Assessment May – Jun 2016

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CHAPTER ELEVEN

11.0 MONITORING AND EVALUATION

11.1 INTRODUCTION

To establish the effectiveness of all the resettlement activities, monitoring and evaluation will be vital. Monitoring provides the feedback necessary for the project management to keep the programmes on schedule. By contrast, evaluation is essentially concerned with the assessment of project activities to ascertain whether intended or set out objectives and targets are achieved.

11.2 Components and Elements of the Monitory Plan

In order to fully deliver on the commitments and objectives of this RAP, the following components and elements of the RAP are to effectively monitored;  Actions and commitments for compensation  Regular consultation and communication with PAPs.

11.3 Monitoring Framework (Internal and External)

Monitoring will consist of:- (a) Internal monitoring by the SPMU as an integral part of its management, working with the impacted communities; and (b) External monitoring by CBOs/NGOs/traditional authorities and other stakeholders, working with the impacted communities.

11.3.1 Internal monitoring

Internal monitoring activities must be carried out simultaneously with the implementation of the RAP. This will assure mainstreaming of social and livelihood issues with construction activities. The objectives of the internal monitoring are:- (i) Daily operations planning; (ii) Management and implementation and (iii) Operational trouble shooting and feedback. The periodicity of internal monitoring could be daily or weekly depending on the issues and level of impacts or changes going on or taking place.

All aspects of internal M&E shall be supervised by the SPMU Management Team and will provide high level evaluation of internal performance and impact monitoring and other reports. The management team will be supplemented by staff with appropriate skills to carry out:  RAP project resettlement requirements as defined by this RAP;  Gathering and presentation of additional monitoring indicators to be used;  Design and Development of basic techniques to be used for collecting information and feedback from project affected people;  Reporting requirements and formats.  Appraisal of RAPs and full payment of compensation  Livelihood support assistance to PAPs  Women and vulnerable persons action plan

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 Contractor social responsibility to project Community and PAPs  Social and livelihood sustainability issues

Regular progress reports shall be prepared and submitted to SPMU Management by the social safeguard Officer(sso). The internal monitoring will look at inputs, processes, and outcomes of compensation/resettlement/other impact mitigation measures. Process and output monitoring functions will ensure that there is regular

 assessment of program implementation strategies and methodologies  review of lessons learned and best practices and provide recommendations to strengthen the design and implementation of RAP  communication with the affected communities  agreementon resettlement and compensation policy, procedures, and rates  commitment to pay compensation for crops,  pursue of livelihood program delivery and uptake  implementation of grievance resolution once conflicts arise  attenton is paid to the needs of vulnerable people.

11.3.2 External Monitoring/Evaluation

External monitoring and or evaluation of PAP activities will deliver the objectives of compliance and effect monitoring that is:-  ensure that project implementation is in conformity with RAP objectives and procedures  ensure that impact of project implementation on baseline poverty levels and other livelihood issues are monitored  assure that resettlement objectives are met  compensation payments and benefits are paid promptly  social and livelihood parameters are compared with baseline conditions  effectiveness of existing community structures CBOs/NGOs/committees.

11.4 Monitoring Parameters/Indicators

Indicators that will be monitored broadly centre around delivery of compensation, resolution of grievances, land access, increase or decrease in PAPs assets, social stability, health, level of satisfaction of project affected people and number of project affected persons that benefited from the livelihood restoration programs. Specifically some monitoring indicators for this RAP are outlined in Table 11.1

Table 11.1: Monitoring Indicators/Parameters Indicator Variable Consultation and Number of people reached or accessing Information, Information requests, issues raised, etc Reach out Number of local CBOs participating Compensation and Physical Progress of compensation and assistance reestablishment Number of PAPs affected (land, trees, crops) Number of PAPs compensated by type of loss Amount PAPs compensated by type and owner Number of replacement asset recovered Compensation disbursement to the correct parties; Socio-economic Level of income and standard of living of the PAPs No of income restored, improved or declined Changes from the pre-displacement levels; Training Number of SPMU and RAP committee members trained Grievance redress No. of cases referred to GRC mechanism No. of cases settled by GRC No. of cases pending with GRC Average time taken for settlement of cases No. of GRC meetings No. of PAPs moved court No. of pending cases with the court No. of cases settled by the court Overall Effectiveness of compensation delivery system Management Timely disbursement of compensation; Census and asset verification/quantification procedures in place Co-ordination between local community structures, PAPs and SPMU

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RAP monitoring reports for the SPMU management team will be prepared regularly (monthly and quarterly). These reports will summarize information collected and compiled in a manner to highlight key issues of this RAP.

11.5 Completion Audit SPMU shall commission an external party to undertake an evaluation of RAP’s physical inputs to ensure and assess whether the outcome of RAP complies with the involuntary resettlement policy of the World Bank. The completion audit should bring to closure SPMU’s liability for resettlement.

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CHAPTER TWELVE

12.0 PUBLIC PARTICIPATION AND CONSULTATIONS

12.1 Introduction

Community Participation was considered in the entire process as a fundamental tool for managing two- way communication between the SPMU and the public; building understanding and improving decision- making by actively involving relevant stakeholders, especially the project affected persons and organizations with the hope of reducing the likelihood for conflicts. Stakeholder involvement in the project is expected to continue in a manner that gives the communities and the project affected persons (PAPs) the opportunity to make contributions aimed at strengthening the development project while avoiding negative impacts as well as reducing possible conflicts.

Public consultation is considered a best practices measure to promote sustainability by World Bank and other International development partners. Consultation is the process of informing the Community of the need for project in their domain, the scope and the need for the Community to own and safeguard the project as beneficiaries and stakeholders. Keeping in mind the objective of minimizing adverse impacts of the project, consultations were held with the Uburu Eze-in-Council, the traditional council members in the four autonomous communities in Uburu, political stakeholders, individuals, members of age groups, cooperative societies, community based organisations/non-governmental organisations (CBOs/NGOs) (Table 12.1). Other stakeholders include individuals who own properties around the project corridor, community association and social organisations.(Plate 12.1& 12.2)

Table 12.1: Levels of Community/Public Consultations S/N Key Stakeholders Types of Consultation Group 1 Traditional Council Individual and group interview meetings and Uburu Eze-in-Council Members/Groups consultation/Focus group discussion 2 Individuals and affected Census and Socio-economic Survey Household heads (Men and households women) 3 Political Stakeholders Individual interviews and meeting Local Government Chairman of Ohaozara L.G, Councillors, Ward officials 4 CBOs/NGOs and vulnerable Focus group discussions Co-operative Societies/Age groups group/women Associations Source: Fieldwork Survey, October 2015

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Plate 12.1 Public Consultation Meetings held in the Project areas.

The main objective of the Community consultation process are:

1. Canvass the inputs, views and concerns; and take account of the information and views of the public in the project design and in decision-making. 2. Obtain local and traditional knowledge that may be useful for decision-making; 3. Facilitate consideration of alternatives, mitigation measures and trade-offs and ensure that important impacts are not overlooked and benefits maximized; 4. Reduce conflict through the early identification of contentious issues; 5. Provide an opportunity for the public to influence the designs and implementation in a positive manner; 6. Improve transparency and accountability in decision-making; and Increase public confidence in the project.

48  Resettlement Action Plan for ASU-UMUNAGA Flood Intervention Site in Ohaozara LGA, Ebonyi State (DRAFT REPORT)

Plate 12.2: Consultation meetings held at the Local Government council chamber

12.2 Public Consultation Process: Consultation was done at four levels viz; the Uburu-Eze-in-Council (comprising of the decision makers in the four autonomous communities in Uburu Kingdom), (Eze in Councils in Uburu, Etiti-Uburu, Enu-Uburu and Eweze-Uburu, respectively), Uke-etiti (general assembly of selected leaders from the fourteen (14) communities that make up the Uburu Kingdom). (Plate 12.1) Social organisation/co-operative societies, political stakeholders, farmers, age-grade groups and women groups and lastly the project affected persons (PAPs) and vulnerable groups in the four autonomous communities where also consulted (Plate 12.2) The following process guided the public consultations:  The social safeguard team first identified the project areas particularly the Asu River corridor and two bridges were the temporary benchmark coordinates were located.  Name of village, the administrative organisation and leadership structure were sought, and subsequently a visit was made to the Leaders and or representatives of Uburu, Enu-Uburu, Etiti- Uburu and Eweze-Uburu.  Public forum with Stakeholders from the fourteen (14) communities on the project area  Identification of PAPs and their socio-economic baseline  Inventory of PAPs and affected assets. 

49  Resettlement Action Plan for ASU-UMUNAGA Flood Intervention Site in Ohaozara LGA, Ebonyi State (DRAFT REPORT)

12.3 Overview of Public Consultation Programme Four structured consultations with stakeholders were held in the project area (Table 12.2). Tables 12.3 and 12.4 contain summaries of minutes of the key meetings held during consultation.

Table 12.2: Date of Consultations with Stakeholders in the Project Area Dates Place Number of Male Female Action Persons attended 28.09.2015 HRH Igwe Ezendu Akpandu Okoro’s Palace 21 21 0 30.09.2015 HRH Igwe Ezendu Akpandu Okoro’s Palace 10 10 0 12.10.2015 Community Town Hall 132 109 33 16.10.2015 Ohaozara LGA. Council 38 25 13 Hall

Table 12.3: Minutes of Meeting Held on 28/09/2015 at the HRH Igwe Ezendu Akpandu Okoro’s Palace S/N ITEM DESCRIPTION 1. Project NEWMAP ESMP & RAP 2. Name of Community Uburu, Ohaozara LGA 3. Venue HRH Igwe Ezendu Akpandu Okoro’s Palace 4 Date 28th September, 2015 5. Language of Communication Igbo and English 6. Attendance 1. HRH Godwin Akpandu Okoro 2. Chief Fidelis Akpachuko 3. Uneke Umahi 4. Enyinnaya Akpa 5. Onyekozuru Nwaba 6. Mrs. Justina Agwu 7. Mrs. Oluchi K. U. Akpa 8. Mrs. Celina Ogbu 9. Nkpuma Aja 10. Onwubiko Onu 11. Aja Igwe 12. Ikechukwu Aja 13. Chief Sylvester E. Odi 14. HRH Eze Uchechuku Onu 15. Chief Christopher Ogbatu 16. Chief Gabriel Onu 17. Chief Chukwu Orienta 18. Philip N. Eze (JP) 19. Samuel O. Njoku 20. Marvis Eze 21. Chief James Nwosibe 22. Kelechi Joseph 23. Odii Ojeh 24. Helen Onu 25. Precious Igwe Paul 26. Sunday Onu 27. Okorie Njoba 28. Sunday Abraham 29. Elias Abaa 30. Isreal Okoro 31. Nwoko Okereke U. 32. Linus O. Chuku 33. Isaiah Njoku 34. Nicholas Agwu 35. Ikechukwu Akpa 36. Roseline Nwonye Ngwu 37. Chief Christian Njoku 38. Chief Chuku Nwaze 39. Chief Ogbonnaya Eze 40. Grace Njoku 41. Njoku Onu Nzoagwu 7. Introduction and opening The meeting started at 10am with the presentation and breaking of kolanut by HRH Igwe Ezendu remarks Akpandu Okoro after which members of the community and the Consultants for the ESMP and RAP took turns to introduce themselves.

50  Resettlement Action Plan for ASU-UMUNAGA Flood Intervention Site in Ohaozara LGA, Ebonyi State (DRAFT REPORT)

8. Overview of the meeting Dr. IyiEdmund on behalf of the Lead Consultant addressed the Igwe and the Council members on the essence of the consultation forum. He stressed on the need for Flood Control to help reduce the destruction of lives and properties of the community member during flood episodes. 9 Questions from the Responses by the Community members Consultants A How many arms are - UburuEze in council (comprising of 4 autonomous communities) concerned in decision-making - Uke-etiti (made up of 14 villages of Uburu) in Uburu Community? B Do the communities have All the autonomous communities have their Ezes. If it concerns the entire Uburu, IgweOkoro takes their leaders? charge. In case of hierarchy, UburuEze is the highest/ruling traditional sector. C Apart from decision-making - Adu Social Club arms, are there NGOs or - Adu National Age Grade (NGO) Cooperatives? If any, what - Uburu Traders Association (Cooperative) are their names? - Uburu Rice Traders Ass. (Cooperative) - Women of Excellence (Professional Women Organization) - Hachenze Cooperative Society - Oganiru Multi-Purpose Cooperative - EnuUburu Autonomous Community Cooperative Society Ltd. - IkwuatoMulti Purpose Cooperative Society Ltd. - Oneness Multi- Purpose Cooperative Society Ltd. - Umunwanne Cooperative Society EtitiUburu. - Uzoma Multipurpose Cooperative EtitiUburu. D How are conflicts/differences If any Uburu autonomous community person is aggrieved, the matter gets to Igwe Okoro; for Uburu addressed in the community if autonomous community against another autonomous community, the Supreme Council is summoned. any should arise? When the matter seems not to be addressed well by any of the aggrieved person, he goes to Eze in Council. E What are the names of 14  Uburu Autonomous (Eldest Clan) villages according to - Umunaga village hierarchy? - Mgbom village - Umuaneketa village - Urobo village  EnuUburu Autonomous - Amaenu village - Umuanum village - Amagu village  EtitiUburu Autonomous - Umuoduigbo village - Umuagwuoke village - Uhuabaa village - Ogwu village - Umuobuna village  EwezeUburu Autonomous - Umuchima village - Ihenu village F How effective are the conflict Good working relationship exists among all the steps. Anybody that disagrees/disobeys the Supreme resolution arms? What are the Council will be suspended. The major constraint is fund/logistics to enforce their plans. challenges? G What are the challenges of the Land. There is no communal land. Some of the NGOs/Cooperatives have only succeeded in putting NGOs and Cooperatives? up a structure, but not furnished; no functional/operational vehicles. H Out of the - Adu Social Club NGOs/Cooperatives, which - Women of Excellence one(s) are most - Adu National Age Grade helpful/influential/resourceful NB: All the Cooperatives help themselves in loan scheme. ? I Has the community ever Yes. But no on ground project has been made. heard of NEWMAP? J How would you (Igwe Community will support the project in order to preserve lives and promote socio-economic Okoro) react to the development. resettlement plan of any affected group? K What needs to be done before - Proper communication/information. support is given to the - No demolition should be carried out until proper compensation is achieved. project? Igwe Okoro’s viewpoints: - Everything works out well through negotiation. - Government should build structures/houses and resettle the affected persons instead of paying cash. - Proper evaluation of affected properties is necessary.

51  Resettlement Action Plan for ASU-UMUNAGA Flood Intervention Site in Ohaozara LGA, Ebonyi State (DRAFT REPORT)

- If cash is paid, Government should acquire communal land even if it means deducting from the evaluated amount. - If Government should build houses, the houses should be the same type for all affected people. L. What are the things that need - Setting up a Committee, office and operational vehicle. to be in place for the - Security. Resettlement Plan? - Logistics. M. Perceptions about the project Generally, the Igwe and his council members commended the Government and World Bank for the intervention project and are excited on the participatory nature of the project. Sanctions will be levied on any autonomous community for allowing any of their member that goes to and already compensated. 10. Closing comments & remarks Chief Dennis Nebedum on behalf of the Lead Consultant thanked the Igwe and his council members for their support. He expressed hope that the Government will ensure the effectiveness of the project. Igwe Okoro gave the vote of thanks and said the closing prayer at about 11:30am

Table 12.4: Minutes of Meetings Held with All Uburu Autonomous Community in the Traditional Town Hall. S/N Item Description

1 Project NEWMAP ESMP AND RAP 2 Name of Community Uburu, Ohaozara LGA 3 Venue Uburu Town 4 Date 27th October, 2015 5 Language of Communication Igbo and English 6 Attendance Attached 7 Introduction and Opening The meeting began at 11.08am with an opening prayer led by Pastor Remarks Stanley Umahi. The representative of the NEWMAP Focal NGO, Victor Chukwu, introduced the 7No. Members of the Consulting Team lead by Prof. Arthur Essaghah. A coordinator in the Community, Mr. Jackson Nwaigwe introduced the leaders of the Community as follows:- i. HRH Eze Godwin Akpandu, Eze Ibom II of ENu-Uburu Autonomous Community and members of his Cabinet ii. HRH Eze Chukwu Onu, Okunze II of Etiti-Uburu Autonomous Community and members of his cabinet. iii. Henry Achebe, Regent of Uburu, introduced the second Regent. iv. Presidents General of the four Autonomous Communities. v. The Women Leaders, led by Hon. Mrs. Ugoeze Nnennaya Oji. vi. The High Chiefs of the fourteen villages that make up Uburu Community. 8 Overview of the Meeting The Lead Consultant addressed the members of the four autonomous communities of Uburu present. The address began with an overview of world environmental problems, the peculiarities to different sections of the world and how the World Bank has been waging wars against such problems through numerous World Bank projects. He gave a rundown of he activities of NEWMAP in some States of the Federation and then of Ebonyi-NEWMAP in Ebonyi State. The proposed channelization of the Asu River to combat flooding in the Community was made explicit alongside the anticipated problems and prospects.

The Lead Consultant continued by informing the Community of the assignments of his Team in the Community, namely, the preparation of the Environmental and Social Management Plan (ESMP) and the Resettlement Action Plan (RAP). He explained the two concepts and informed that enumerations for RAP would be after concrete establishment of the spatial incidence of the proposed Channel by the Engineering Consultants. This, he explained, was to ensure precision as to the project affected areas and persons.

52  Resettlement Action Plan for ASU-UMUNAGA Flood Intervention Site in Ohaozara LGA, Ebonyi State (DRAFT REPORT)

9 Questions from Members Response by the Consultant of the Community A Njoku Okoro, from Any communal property affected will be treated as communal during Umuchime Eweze-Uburu, compensation asked whether there would be communal compensation B Chief Idika Umahi, from This will be taken up with the Engineering Consultants during Consultants Enu-Uburu asked whether meeting. there would be mechanisms for opening water from the proposed channel into their farms

S/N Item Description

C HRH, Godwin Akpandu, From the drawings seen, no such deflection was noticed. But it is believed from Enu-Uburu, inquired of that if serious need arises for a bridge, same would be provided. what would happen when the Channel deflects from the existing bridges in the community D Ejike Oji, a youth from Etiti- The World Bank will address these and all other similar issues through the Uburu, noted that the river is Focal NGOs. their source point and then asked whether fish ponds and other water sources would be provided E Ugoeze Nnennaya Emeka Both land owner and crop owner will be compensated. Oji (Mrs.), from Enu-Uburu, asked what would happen in respect of those who have crops on affected land but do not have title to such land. 10 Closing Remarks by the Lead The Consultant, in his closing remarks thanked the leaders and the entire Consultant Community for their show of cooperation. He asked the Leader and the entire Community four questions in succession as follow: a. Whether they were happy to have the project sited in their Community; b. Whether they were willing to do everything possible to assist all consultants, contractors, NGOs and field workers to do their jobs without molestation and conflicts; c. Whether they were willing to diligently assist consultants do all the enumeration of all those genuine people whose lands, farms, business will be affected and without any false information to the consultants; d. Whether they were willing to ensure that all conflicts are resolved so that the project will be allowed to proceed to full completion when commenced, since the World Bank do not entertain abandoned projects. In all the above questions, the Community replied in affirmative and with a loud ovation in each case 11 Closing The meeting ended at 1.30pm and the people left for their various autonomous communities for further interview and questionnaire administration by the Consultants.

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54  Resettlement Action Plan for ASU-UMUNAGA Flood Intervention Site in Ohaozara LGA, Ebonyi State (DRAFT REPORT)

List of Persons Met

 Resettlement Action Plan for ASU-UMUNAGA Flood Intervention Site in Ohaozara LGA, Ebonyi State (DRAFT REPORT)

Annex5

Summary of World Bank Environmental and Social Safeguard Policies (10+2)

Use of Country Systems (OP 4.00). The Bank's environmental and social ("safeguard") policies are designed to avoid, mitigate, or minimize adverse environmental and social impacts of projects supported by the Bank. The Bank encourages its borrowing member countries to adopt and implement systems that meet these objectives while ensuring that development resources are used transparently and efficiently to achieve desired outcomes.

Environmental Assessment (OP 4.01). Outlines Bank policy and procedure for the environmental assessment of Bank lending operations. The Bank undertakes environmental screening of each proposed project to determine the appropriate extent and type of EA process. This environmental process will apply to all sub-projects to be funded.

Natural Habitats (OP 4.04). The conservation of natural habitats, like other measures that protect and enhance the environment, is essential for long-term sustainable development.

Pest Management (OP 4.09). The policy supports safe, affective, and environmentally sound pest management. It promotes the use of biological and environmental control methods. An assessment is made of the capacity of the country’s regulatory framework and institutions to promote and support safe, effective, and environmentally sound pest management.

Involuntary Resettlement (OP 4.12). This policy covers direct economic and social impacts that both result from Bank-assisted investment projects, and are caused by a. The involuntary taking of land resulting in I. Relocation or loss of shelter; II. Loss of assets or access to assets, or III. Loss of income sources or means of livelihood, whether or not the affected persons must move to another location; or b. The involuntary restriction of access to legally designated parks and protected areas resulting in adverse impacts on the livelihoods of the displaced persons. The ESMF and RPF reports discuss the applicability of this policy in detail.

Indigenous Peoples (OD 4.20). This directive provides guidance to ensure that indigenous peoples benefit from development projects, and to avoid or mitigate adverse effects of Bank-financed development projects on indigenous peoples. Measures to address issues pertaining to indigenous peoples must be based on the informed participation of the indigenous people themselves. Sub-projects that would have negative impacts on indigenous people will not be funded

Forests (OP 4.36). This policy applies to the following types of Bank-financed investment projects: a. Projects that have or may have impacts on the health and quality of forests; b. Projects that affect the rights and welfare of people and their level of dependence upon or interaction with forests; and c. Projects that aim to bring about changes in the management, protection, or utilization of natural forests or plantations, whether they are publicly, privately, or communally owned. The Bank does not finance projects that, in its opinion, would involve significant conversion or degradation of critical forest areas or related critical habitats.

Physical Cultural Properties (OP 4.11). Assist in preserving physical cultural resources and avoiding their destruction or damage. PCR includes resources of archaeological, paleontological, historical, architectural, religious (including graveyards and burial sites), aesthetic, or other cultural significance..

 Resettlement Action Plan for ASU-UMUNAGA Flood Intervention Site in Ohaozara LGA, Ebonyi State (DRAFT REPORT)

Safety of Dams (OP 4.37). For the life of any dam, the owner is responsible for ensuring that appropriate measures are taken and sufficient resources provided for the safety to the dam, irrespective of its funding sources or construction status. The Bank distinguishes between small and large dams.

Projects on International Waterways (O 7.50). The Bank recognizes that the cooperation and good will of riparians is essential for the efficient utilization and protection of international waterways and attaches great importance to riparians making appropriate agreements or arrangement for the entire waterway or any part thereof.

Disputed Areas (OP/BP/GP 7.60). Project in disputed areas may occur in the Bank and its member countries as well as between the borrower and one or more neighbouring countries. Any dispute over an area in which a proposed project is located requires formal procedures at the earliest possible stage.

Disclosure Policy (OP 17.50). Supports decision making by the Borrower and Bank by allowing the public access to information on environmental and social aspects of projects. This policy is mandated by six safeguard policies that have specific requirements for disclosure in country (Before project appraisal in local language and in English) and World Bank INFO-Shop (Before project appraisal in English). Documents can be in draft but must meet WB standards).

Annex 6

 Resettlement Action Plan for ASU-UMUNAGA Flood Intervention Site in Ohaozara LGA, Ebonyi State (DRAFT REPORT)

SAMPLE COPY OF HOUSEHOLD QUESTIONNAIRE FOR THE ESMP: SOCIO-ECONOMICS

Dear Respondent, The Asu-Umunaga Flood Intervention Site in Ohozara Local Government Area (LGA) of Ebonyi State is one of the priority sites for intervention under the Ebonyi State Nigeria Erosion and Watershed Management Project (EBONYI- NEWMAP). The rehabilitation works proposed for this site will involve medium-sized civil works such as construction of embankment and canalization of the Asu River within the Umunaga watershed area. These civil works raise environmental and social safeguards concerns and have triggered the World Bank’s safeguard policiesincluding Environmental Assessment OP 4.01. The purpose of this household questionnaire is to elicit information from residents, project affected persons and stakeholders on relevant socio-economic issues to be used for the preparation of the Environmental and Social Management Plan (ESMP) for the flood intervention site. An ESMP is primarily a management tool used to ensure that undue or reasonably avoidable negative impacts of proposed projects are prevented and positive impacts are enhanced.

Please kindly complete this questionnaire as honestly as possible. All information supplied are to be used strictly for the purpose of the ESMP.

Thanks for your anticipated cooperation.

ESMP Consultant

Section A: Household Composition

Please report the household composition. Please note. A “Household” includes all members of a common decision unit (usually with one residence) that are sharing same resources. These include dependents who are away from home.

PID* Name of hh members Age Relationship to Gender Level of Primary Number of above 15 years old household 1=male education2 Activity3 years in head1 2=female school

*PID= Personal identification number 1 Relationship to head: 1=head, 2=spouse, 3=child, 4=siblings, 5=other family member, 6=non-family member, 99=others 2Level of education: 1= no formal education, 2=adult literacy training, 3=some primary education, 4=completed primary education, 5=some secondary education (incl. junior secondary school), 6=completed secondary school education, 7=post secondary education, 8=koranic education, 99=others 3 Primary activity: 1=crop production, 2=livestock production, 3=fisheries, 4=forest production and /or harvesting 5=Agricultural Trading business 6=Non-Agricultural Trading business 7=Transportation business 8=Agricultural processing 9=Formal private employment 10=Construction 11=Mining/quarrying 12=public sector employment /13=Domestic duties 14=student In school (any type), 15=Retired, 16=unemployed, 17=handcraft, 18=artisans (incl. mechanics), 19=traditional medical practitioners 99=others (specify)

A 2. Children below 16 years Total Female male 1. Household members 0-5years old 2. Household members 6-10years old 3. Household members 10-15years old

12. How much do you spend on food on average everyday in your household------13. How much did your household spend on food in the last seven days------

Section B : Sources of Income And Livelihood.

 Resettlement Action Plan for ASU-UMUNAGA Flood Intervention Site in Ohaozara LGA, Ebonyi State (DRAFT REPORT)

14. Please indicate source and status of income

Monthly Income (N’000) Less 5 6-10 11-15 16-20 21-25 26-30 above 30,000

Wage employment A Civil service B Informal employment (Private) C Construction D Mining/Quarrying E Domestic duties F Retired G Artisan (mechanic, electrician, furniture maker etc) H Trading I Transportation business J Builder/contractor K Consultancy. Agricultural Employment (Activities) L Crop production (Eg Rice, Cassava, yam etc) M Livestock production N Fishing O Forest production or harvesting P Agricultural processing (cassava milling, rice processing etc) Q Others ………………………………………………. Non formal and informal Employment R Relatives family members away from home S Friends T Charitable organizations outside community U Mutual support groups (local)

15. Number and value of household non-productive assets (value of assets in the prevailing state as at the time of the survey) S/N Household Non Productive Assets Number Present value (Naira) a House (main building) b Other building (ie. boys quarters, huts, kitchen toilets) c Furniture (wood + metal) d Furnishings eg matt, mattresses e Household appliances eg kettle flat iron etc f Electronic equipment eg. Radio, cassette, TV g Non commercial vehicles, eg car (s ) h Other household assets

16. Indicate land assets and holdings (hectare) in the last three months S/N Land in hectare (ha) Total Area Rain fed Value Percentage Area (ha) Irrigated Area (Naira) affected by flood I Total Land owned (ha) Ii Total value of Land rented (Naira) Iii Total estimated Land rented in (ha) Iv Total estimated land rented out V Rental land rate (Naira/ha/per season) Vi Total land under cultivation for crop production in a year (ha) A Rice farmland (ha)/ No. B Cassava farmland (s) (ha)/ No. C Yam farmland (ha)/ No. D Groundnut farmland (ha)/ No. E Potato farmland (ha)/ No. F Maize farmland (ha)/ No.

 Resettlement Action Plan for ASU-UMUNAGA Flood Intervention Site in Ohaozara LGA, Ebonyi State (DRAFT REPORT)

Section C: Physical Infrastructure/ Social Facilities in the Community.

16. Indicate social amenities/ facilities

S/N Amenity 6 5 4 3 2 1 /facility A Source of Pipe borne water Borne hole Rain water River water Storm water Water water runoff vendor

B Sources of Public Electricity Generators Gas lamp Kerosene Wike lamp Fire wood energy lantern

C Disposal of Public legal Illegal dump sites Burying/ Dump into Compound others solid waste dump site Burning River dumpsite

D Disposal of Septic/soakaway Ventilated improved Pit latrines Open land/ Dump into Others sewage latrines bush River

E Roads Tarred Asphalt Concrete paved Graded Road Wide earth foot path Others road

F Treatment of Hospital/Health Clinic Private Dispensary Maternity Self Traditional diseases centre medication healing chemist home

G Educational Post Secondary Secondary/Technical/ Primary Nursery/ Adult Informal facilities schools vocational school kindergarten education education

h Market Built lockup Built open market Unbuilt Night market Regional Others facilities stalls /open village market market

I Religions Church cathedral Church Buildings Church Makeshift Mosque Shrines/ facilities orthodox spaces in structure for Groves Residential churches Buildings

18. Indicate condition and access to community facilities

S/N Facility Condition Time taken to reach facility (mins) Good Bad Less than 11-20 21-40 41-60 Above 10 60mins A Primary Nursery schools B Secondary/Technical/Vocational schools C Public hospital/Health centre D Private clinics E Dispensary/ maternity F Community/Regional Market G Village market H Pipe borne water/borehole/mono pump I River/pond/lake/well J Public recreational facilities K Postal services/courier services

Section E: Impact of Proposed NEWMAP project (Asu River Canalization and Embankment) 19. Indicate type of loss you will suffer due to the proposed project implementation

Asset Type Loss type Yes/No Remarks Physical Assets

 Resettlement Action Plan for ASU-UMUNAGA Flood Intervention Site in Ohaozara LGA, Ebonyi State (DRAFT REPORT)

Land Land (vacant) Residential Agricultural Commercial Industrial use Others, specify Structures Structures Main Buildings Ancillary Buildings Fence walls Shops, Kiosks etc Others- Pavements, or concrete kerbs, concrete wells reservoirs, etc Income and Livelihood Farm (Economic Trees) Food Grazing land Crops Food (seasonal) crops Economic or perennial trees Others Business Rental income Clientele/customers Business income Wage income (for employment) Fees from trainees or apprentices Others specify…………….. Opportunity to Livelihood Loss of Training or apprenticeship Loss of multiple income-generating activities Loss of business, Loss of Residence Loss of Accommodation or Room Others, specify Disturbance/Disruptions Temporary structures Loss of location Access to Utilities Disconnection of utility services Disturbance temporary Movable assets – incurring removable structures expenses Loss of peaceful enjoyment of property Loss of customers and companions

21. Indicate category and level of losses you will suffer from proposed project implementation

S/N Extent of loss Yes No % of Loss Affected Asset Remarks Y N <30 30-50 50-70 >70 1 Permanent Loss; Temporary Loss; 2 Full Loss Partial Loss 3 Minimal Loss Significant Loss 4 Others, specify

22. Indicate type of Project Affected Persons (PAP)

S/N Person Definition Yes/No Remarks

 Resettlement Action Plan for ASU-UMUNAGA Flood Intervention Site in Ohaozara LGA, Ebonyi State (DRAFT REPORT)

1 Individual Individuals who risks losing assets, investments, land, property and /or access to natural and/or economic resources as a result of a sub-project. 2 Households One or more persons – men, women, children, dependent relatives and tenants; vulnerable individuals who may be too old or ill to farm along with the others; insofar as displacement due to the sub-project activities create challenges for which these people are ill prepared. 3 3 Vulnerable a. Internally Displaced persons- persons /group b. Elderly persons c. Persons Living with HIV/AIDS d. Orphans and Street Children e. Unmarried women and /or Widow-female headed Households f. Small-scale female farmers g. Dependent persons h. The physically challenged i. Others, Specify 4 Squatters/other Lack legal title or legal occupancy rights to the land they occupy Land Occupiers illegal Occupants 5 Corporate Entity Organization

ANNEX 7

 Resettlement Action Plan for ASU-UMUNAGA Flood Intervention Site in Ohaozara LGA, Ebonyi State (DRAFT REPORT)

LIST OF PLANTS AND ANIMALS FOUND IN THE PROJECT AREA

Plants Found In the Project Area. S/N Genera Species Family Common Name 1. Amaranthus rudis Amaranthacease Waterweed 2. Apocynum cannabiauim Apocynaceae Poison-hemblock 3. Acalypha ciliate Euphorbiaceae Coper leaf plant 4. Ageratum conyzoides Compositae Goat weed 5. Amaranthus hybridus Amaranthaceae Smooth pigweed 6. Calopogonium mucunoides Popilionaceae Calopo 7. Cassia occidentalis Fabeceae Negro coffee 8. Iris virginica Iridaceae Blue flag weed 9. Eeclipta prostrate Asteraceae False daisy 10. Contaurea nigra Asteraceae Black knapp plant 11. Chromoloena odorata Asteraceae Siam weed 12. Ambrosia taofida Asteraceae Horse weed 13. Lactuca serriola Asteraceae Prickly lettuce 14. Chenopedium album Chenopodia ceae Lambsquarters 15. Commelina communog Comecinaceae Asiatre day flower 16. Iromea purpurea Convolvulaceae Morning glory 17. Sida spinosa Malvaceae Prickly sida 18. Phgsalis longifolra Solanaceae Smooth ground cheey 19. Sider spinosa Malvaceae Prickly sida 20. Phgsalia longifolra Solanaceae Smooth ground cheicy 21. Mimosa pudica Fabaceae Sensitive plant 22. Urena lobata Malvaceae Caesad weed 23. Tridox procumbens Asreraceae Tridax weed 24. Cenriasoma pubescens Fabaeae Centro 25. Nymphaca lotus Nymphaeaceae White waterlilly 26. Mimosa pigea Mimosaceae Giant sensitive plant 27. Magnolia obovate Magnoliaceae White back magnolia

28. Typna latitoina Typhaceae Bulrush weed 29. Cyperus exagrostic Cypeiaceae Flat sedge 30. Aegilops cylindrical Poaceae Goat weed 31. Pennisetum purpureum Poaceac Elephant grass 32. Impereta cylindrical Poaceae Spear grass 33. Digitarita sanglinalos Poaceae Finger grass 34. Megathgisua madimeb Poaceae Guinea grass 35. Calamagastic aceltiflora Poaceae Kaol forester 36. Cenchrus longispinus Poaceae Budgrass 37. Echinechloa crus-galli Poaceae Crab grass 38. Eleusine indica Poaceae Wire grass 39. Elymus repens Poaceae Quack grass 40. Panicum capillare Poaceae Panicgrass 41. Setarua faberi Poaceae Giant foxtail 42. Panicum maximum Poaceae Guinea grass 43. Cynodon dactglon Poaceae Bermuda grass 44. Gmelina arborae Lamiaceae Gmelina 45. Mangifera indica Anacardiaceae Mango 46. Irvingia smithii Irvingiaceae Ogbono 47. Brachystegia eurycoma Fabaceae Black timber (Achi) 48. Dialium guinecnsis Fabaceae Valvet tamarind (chelaka) 49. Dennettia tripatale Annonaceae Mmimi 50. Chrysophyllum africanum Sapotaceae African star apple (udella) 51. Pentaclethia macrophyucer Leguminobeae Oil bean tree 52. Treculia africana Moraceae African bread fruit 53. Persea americana Lauraceae Avocado pear 54. Anacaedium occidentale Anacaidiaceae Cashew 55. Psidium guajava Myrtaceae Guava 56. Elaeis guineensis Arecaleae Oil palm 57. Cocas nucifera Arecaceae Coconut palm 58. Citrcey aurantifolia Rutacaee Lime 59. Citrus sinensis Rutaceae Sweet orange 60. Bambusa spp Poaceae Bamboo 61. Dacroydes educos Rosaceae Native pear 62. Zea mayz Poaceae Maize 63. Oryza sativa Poaceae White rice

 Resettlement Action Plan for ASU-UMUNAGA Flood Intervention Site in Ohaozara LGA, Ebonyi State (DRAFT REPORT)

64. Arachis hypogaea Fabaceae Ground nut 65. Cayanus cajan Fabaceae Pigeon pea 66. Dioscorea rotundata Discoreaceae White yam 67. Droscorea alata Dioscoreaceae Water yam 68. Manihot esculent Euphorbiaceae Cassava 69. Saccharum officinarum Poaceae Sugar cans 70. Colocasia esculentus Araceae Coco yam (tore) 71. Xanthosoma sagittifolilem Axaceae Coco yam (tanua) 72. Carica papaga Annnaceae Paw paw 73. Musa Sapientum Musaceae Banana 74. Musa paradisiacal Musaceae Plantain 75. Ananas comosus Bromeliaceae Pineapple 76. Vernonia amygdalina Asteraceae Bitter leaf 77. Telfaoroa occidentals Cucurbitaceae Fluted pumpkin 78. Abelmoschus esculon Malvaleae Okra

Arthropods Scientific name Family Common name Tetranychus marianae Tetranychidae Red spider mite Adoxophyes melichron Tortricidae leaf roller Amblypelta spp. Coreidae Amblypelta bugs

Aspidiotus destructor. Diaspididae Coconut scale insect Coccus hesperidium Coccidae Soft brown scale insect Bactrocera bryoniae Tephritidae fruit fly Macrosiphum euphorbiae Aphididae Potato aphid Rhabdoscelus obscurus Curculionidae Cane weevil borer Cassena intermedia Chrysomelidae/Galerucidae Leaf beetles Helicoverpa armigera Octuidae Corn earworm Lampides boeticus Lycaenidae Pea blue butterfly Riptortus spp. Coreidae Pod sucking bug

Spodoptera exempta Noctuidae African armyworm Agrotis ipsilon Noctuidae Black cutworm

Cassida diomma Boisduval Chrysomelidae Small tortoise beetle Dasychira mendosa Hubn. Lymantriidae Leaf eating caterpillar Henosepilachna signatipennis Coccinelidae Leaf eating ladybird Phaenacantha spp. Colobathristidae/Pyrrocoridae Sugarcane bug Alticus tibialis Chrysomelidae Grass bug Aulacophora spp. Chrysomelidae Pumpkin beetles Dysmiccocus brevipes Pseudococcidae Pineapple mealybug Arsipoda tenimberensis Chrysomelidae Black flea beetle Atherigona oryzae Muscidae Paddy stemfly Gonocephalum ochthebioides Tenebrionidae False wireworm Gryllotalpa africana Gryllotalpidae Mole crickets Helicoverpa armigera Noctuidae Corn earworm Leptocorisa acuta Alydidae Paddy bugs Cofana spectra Cicadellidae White leafhopper Planococcus dioscoreae Pseudococcidae Yam mealy bug Zonocerus variegates Pyromorphoidae Grasshopper

Gastropods Family Scientific Name Common Name Exotic / Native

Unionidae Alasmidonta marginata elktoe Native Corbiculidae Corbicula fluminea Asian clam Exotic

 Resettlement Action Plan for ASU-UMUNAGA Flood Intervention Site in Ohaozara LGA, Ebonyi State (DRAFT REPORT)

Dreissenidae Dreissena polymorpha zebra mussel Exotic Dreissenidae Dreissena rostriformis quagga mussel Exotic

Pisidiidae Eupera cubensis mottled fingernailclam Native Unionidae Fusconaia flavaFusconaia flava Wabash pigtoe Native

Unionidae Lampsilis cardium plain pocketbook Native Unionidae Lasmigona subviridis green floater Native Unionidae Leptodea fragilis fragile papershell Native Unionidae Ligumia recta black sandshell Native Unionidae Sinanodonta woodiana Chinese pond mussel Exotic

Planorbidae Biomphalaria glabrata bloodfluke planorb Exotic Planorbidae Biomphalaria havanensis ghost rams-horn Native Bithyniidae Bithynia tentaculata faucet snail Exotic Planorbidae Drepanotrema aeruginosus rusty rams-horn Exotic Hydrobiidae Gillia altilis buffalo pebble snail Native Ampullariidae Marisa cornuarietis giant rams-horn snail Exotic

Physidae Physidae Physella acuta European physa Exotic

Fishes Fishes Family Common name Scientific name Petromyzontidae Sea lamprey Petromyzon marinus Anguillidae American eel Anguilla rostrata Clupeidae Gizzard shad Dorosoma cepedianum

Channidae Koravai Channa sp. Channidae Snakehead C. punctata Cyprinidae Utah chub Common carp Cyprinus carpio Grass carp Ctenopharyngodon idella Clarias sp Clariidae Walking catfish Galaxiidae Black mudfish Neochanna diversus Cichlidae Tilapia Oreochromis niloticus

Birds Family Common name Scientific name

Gaviidae Red-throated diver Gavia stellata

Ardeidae Little bittern Ixobrychus minutes Columbidae Stock dove Columba oenas

Psittacidae Rose-ringed parakeet Psittacula krameri Cuculidae Cuckoo Cuculus canorus Tytonidae Barn owl Tyto alba Strigidae Snowy owl Nyctea scandiaca Phasianidae Chicken Gallus gallus Columbidae pigeon Columba livia Numididae guinea fowl Numida meleagris Accipitridae hawk Accipiter striatus Snakes Family common name scientific name Pythonidae spotted phyton Antaresia maculosa Colubridae smooth green snake Opheodrys vernalis Elapidae black snake Pseudechis porphyriacus Elapidae spitting cobra Naja nigricollis Viperidae pit viper Crotalus horridus Colubridae water snake Nerodia sipedon Viperidae rattle snake Crotalus scutulatus

Local animals commonly seen

Common name scientific name

 Resettlement Action Plan for ASU-UMUNAGA Flood Intervention Site in Ohaozara LGA, Ebonyi State (DRAFT REPORT)

Duck (Obogwu) Anas spp Snail (Ejuna) Achatina spp Rabbit (Ewi) Oryctolagus cuniulus Squirrel (Osa/Osia) Sciuridae spp Lizard (Ngwele) Agama agama Dog (Nkita) Canis familiars Bush dog (Nkita iku ofia/ohia) Canis cupus Bush pig (Ezi ofia/ohia) Susscrata Hyena (Edi) Hyaenidae Antelope (Ene) Antilocarpa americana Deer (Mgbada) Duicker Porcupine (Ebinitu) Erethizontidae Snake (Agwo) Squamaita spp Aligator Crocodiles miussippiensis Grass cutter (Nchi) Thryonomys swinderianus Monkey (Enwe) Macaca macaca Goat (Ewu) Capra aegagrus hircus Bush rat (oke ohia) Rattus fuscipes Giant rat Cricetaomys gambianus Local animals rarely seen Leopard Panthera pardus Elephant Loxodonta Africana Lion Panthera leo Tiger Panthera tigris Buffalo Syncerus caffer White collared mangabey Cercocebus torquatus Tropical hedgehog Atelerix albiventris Collared sparrow hawk Accipter cirrocephalu African grey parrot Pscitacus erithacus White pelican Pelicanus sp Golden eagle Acquila chrysactos Gboon viper Bitis gabonica Black cobra Caspian naja Local animals under extinction Chimpanzee Pan troglodytes Eagle Aquila pennata Hippopotamus hippopotamus amphibious Rhinoceros Diceros bicornis Giraffe Giraffa camelopardalis Gorilla gorilla gorilla Fox Vulpes vulpes Secretary bird Sagittarius serpentarius White stork Ciconia ciconia

References

1. Abreviated Resettlement Action Plan (ARAP) for the construction of Alternate Bridge at (Km 7 + 350) along Enugu Abakaliki Road, Emene Enugu State (2012)

 Resettlement Action Plan for ASU-UMUNAGA Flood Intervention Site in Ohaozara LGA, Ebonyi State (DRAFT REPORT)

2. Enviromental and Social Management Plan (ESMP) for Asu-Umunaga Flood Site (Manuscript) (2015) 3. Environmental and Social Management Framework for the Nigeria Erosion and Watershed Management Project 4. Environmental and Social Management Plan for the Rehabilitation of the Amachalla (2013). 5. International Finance Cooperation (IFC), Handbook for preparing a Resettlement Action Plan 6. Land Use Act (1978), Federal Republic of Nigeria. 7. Project Appraisal Document for Nigeria Erosion and Watershed Management Project 8. Project Implementation Manual for Nigeria Erosion and Watershed Management Project 9. Resettlement Action Plan (RAP) for Ethiopia-Kenya Power Systems Interconnection Project (KETRACO 2012) 10. Resettlement Action Plan (RAP) for Ganga River Front Development Project (BUIDCO). 2013 11. Resettlement Action Plan (RAP) for the Rehabilitation Amachalla Gully Erosion Site (2013). 12. Resettlement Policy Framework for Nigeria Erosion and Watershed Management Project 13. World Bank (2000), Resettlement and Rehabilitation Guidebook, Washington DC 14. World Bank (2001), Operational Policies: Involuntary Resettlement OP.4.12 and Annex.