A COMPREHENSIVE COURSE

on

Franciscan-Mission Charism

Introduction and Survey

Lesson Unit 0

Page 1 Lesson Unit 23 - The Franc scan Comm tment to Peace he documents of Vatican II, Paul VI's Evangelii Nuntiandi, and Pope John Paul II's Redemptoris Missio have deeply affected the understanding of mission. Constant efforts are being made to clarify its purpose and T objectives, and to determine the most appropriate methods to carry it out. Go, Rebuild My Church: A Comprehen- sive Course on the Franciscan Mission Charism, provides a particular context to stimulate dialogue about the many dimensions of mission and the inevitable recognition of the equality, dignity and humanity of all persons. The course is unique, since it is genuinely inter-Franciscan and inter-cultural. An ongoing process for exchange among all members of the Franciscan Family from six continents provides for a creative meshing of the best in current theology, Franciscan research and pastoral practice. The vast and profound changes of present-day society make all the more urgent our search for a fuller understanding of humanity in the light of the Gospel and the Person of Jesus Christ. As , with the world as our "cloister," we welcome this refreshing moment of intercultural dialogue. Fran- cis was the first among founders to situate the missionary dimension of the Gospel call clearly within his rule. This study reawakens us to the challenge and genuineness of Francis' message for our own times.

Editor and copyright: Project Address: International Board of the CCFMC CCFMC Centre Haugerring 9 D - 97070 Wuerzburg Germany www.ccfmc.net

Page 2 Lesson Unit 0 - Introduction and Survey Go, Rebuild My Church!

A Comprehensive Course on the Franciscan Mission Charism

Introduction and Survey

Lesson Unit 0

Page 3 Introduction and Survey - Lesson Unit 0 Contents

ntroduction and Survey

From the Sources Francis'invitation to us to follow in the footsteps of Christ

A. Introduction D. Statutes and Organigram

B. Survey 1. Statutes 2. Organigram C. Information E. General Index 1. Origin and Aim of the Course 1.1. The Beginning Bibliography 1.2. The Idea 1.3. Spirituality and Theology of the Course 1. The Holy Bible 1.4. Revision of the Course at Assisi 1994 2. Franciscan Primary Sources 3. Abbreviations 2. Contents and Methodology 4. Modern Franciscan Sources 2.1. The Structure of the Course 5. Documents of the 2.2. Study Aids 6. Important Church Documents 2.3. Methods of Approach 2.4. Ways of Working with CCFMC Picture Credits 2.5. Short and Simplified Forms of the Course F. Chronological Tables 3. Co-workers 3.1. Members of the International Board 3.2. Executive Committee 3.3. Authors 3.4. Intercultural Team 3.5. Editorial Teams 3.6. Continental and National Co-ordinators

Page 4 Lesson Unit 0 - Introduction and Survey From the Sources

rancis'invitation to us to follow in the footsteps of Christ

Two years had passed since had received the stigmata and twenty years since his conversion. Now he had to endure many illnesses, which brought him great trials and much tribulation. As with a stone that is Thenhe asked destinedforthebuildingoftheHeavenly that they bring him Jerusalem, he was trimmed and to St. Mary's, Portiuncula, hammeredinto shape. so thatthere wherehe had received the Spirit of Grace, mightbetheplacewhere hewouldbreathe forth his spirit to the Creator.

Once there, he lay down, gravely ill as he was yet full of spirit - quite naked upon thebareearth.Hedesired to show, in accord with the example of eternal wisdom that he had nothing in common with this world. Stripped of his poor habit, he lay there on the ground; he raised his eyes to Heaven, in his accustomed way,fullofexpectation of theglories and splendours tocome. In doing so, he covered the wound on his side with his hand lest it be seen. Then he said to his Brothers: "I have done what is mine to do; may Christ teach you what is yours" (based on LMj XIV, 3 and 2C 214).

Page 5 Introduction and Survey - Lesson Unit 0 Introduction A

o Re-discover Franciscan Spirituality

The need to discover afresh and to deepen the the course of a two-week meeting in Assisi missionary dimension of Franciscan spirituality (1994). An editorial team from the German- gave rise in 1982 to the idea of launching a speaking regions was commissioned to Comprehensive Course that would make the incorporate the fresh ideas and suggest changes Mission Charism1 of St. Francis, as it is presently for a revised version of the Course. You now hold being lived out in the different Franciscan in your hands the result of this effort. communities and in widely different cultural environments accessible to all. The English version of this course bears the title "Comprehensive Course on the Franciscan Mission Charism." The initial letters 'CCFMC'of the English version are used in many parts of the world. In this course it is important to learn from others rather than to instruct them. Therefore, this course attempts to have further intercultural dialogue and to be open-minded towards the ideas that come from the Franciscan communities on different continents and in differing cultural environments. Thousands of Franciscans, men and women in the whole world have worked with this Course. It must be admitted that cultural limitations and cultural 'blindspots' have been recognised and over the years new thematic focuses have been discovered and so the demands made on our spirituality have changed. For this reason, a thorough revision and updating In dialogue with of the course has proved indispensable. Francis and Clare This was achieved through a process of dialogue. Comprehensive For two years Sisters and Brothers from every Course on the continent have been busy working on specific Franciscan themes and important topics. Their insights and Mission Charism conclusions were then collated and compared in (CCFMC) 1. Charism: a divinely bestowed power or talent, (from Greek kharisma, from kharis = grace, favour); meaning here: a divine quality inherent in St. Francis of Assisi which inspires great enthusiasm, devotion and respect among his followers and admirers.

Page 6 Lesson Unit 0 - Introduction and Survey Survey B

ntroduction, Information and Orientation Aids

This introductory lesson unit is intended to serve ordination of the course. as a help for those who want to work with this A world-wide undertaking such as the CCFMC course. In it can be found general information on demands by its very nature an effective organisational its origins, its underlying ideas, aims and objectives structure. This will be shown by an Organigram as well as the theological and spiritual intentions and made clearer in the Statutes. of the course. After a summary of the contents and This introduction should offer the necessary the structure of all 25 lesson units of the course, basic informative material: some indication of the various study aids will be ¨ Bibliographical notes on the most made that should help to make work with the important Franciscan source material, lesson units easier. There will also be some ¨ the documents of the Church, guidance in methodology and in the way ¨ Papal documents individual themes can be introduced in discussions and the documents of the Franciscan Order. and dealt with in widely diverse groups. ¨ CCFMC is a programme which many people In addition, there will also be a list of all the from all over the world have worked upon and abbreviations used in the lesson units. still continue to work on today. In a separate To establish the historical context from which this chapter, all the authors, both men and women, course ultimately derives its inspiration, there will be mentioned by name, as will all those who is a synopsis of the main events in the life of are responsible for the direction, planning, Francis and Clare as well as the more significant realisation, editing and the international co- dates in church history and the world at large.

Information C

1. rigin and Aim of the Course

1.1. The Beginning

Today there is a pressing need for a more profound, both Sisters and Brothers, within the whole essentially Franciscan consolidation. Franciscans, Franciscan family as well as interested people

Page 7 Introduction and Survey - Lesson Unit 0 all over the world and from the most diverse in practice, the current basic formation and walks of life are seeking a form of spirituality in training in Franciscan communities lacked a full which they can feel at home and at ease. They and comprehensive treatment of the Mission. So want to tap into the bedrock of Franciscan the idea arose of composing a kind of basic sources and to adopt a responsible attitude towards course that should meet this need. In 1983 the the problems of our time. The call for an effective Executive Committee of the International form of Franciscan formation arose from the Missionary Council of the Franciscans (OFM) basis itself. Sisters and Brothers from South took due note of this and acted upon it, and the America, and later also from and Asia, General Definitory of the Franciscans gave the were searching for inspiration and for assistance go-ahead for this project that very same year. to live their life in a Franciscan way. The Mission Centre of the Franciscans in Bonn At the very same time, the members of the under the direction of Andreas Müller OFM was Advisory Committee at the Franciscan Mission commissioned with the implementation and Centre in Bonn were thinking along much the realisation of this idea. same lines. The prevailing feeling there was that,

The Idea 1.2.

•The Course should address the most im- much is said about "contextual theology". This portant problems of our contemporary reflects the perception that theology, and age from a Franciscan point of view. therefore Franciscan spirituality and Franciscan theology, too, can be pursued solely within a For this reason, a great number of authors from precisely defined context: social and cultural all over the world were sought out, authors who conditions, concrete experiences and traditions were competent not only in their field of are not simply accidental realities but essentially knowledge, but who also had practical experience determine the theology. in the corresponding problem areas. Nowadays •From the very beginning, the Course was intended to be intercultural and so be of service to the world-wide Church. It would reach beyond the narrow boundaries of places or continents. Sisters and Brothers in the course of their daily efforts and duties are always faced with problems in their own area of work. The worries and concerns in other continents are hardly relevant to them. And yet it is important to bear within oneself a truly , that is, a universal, all-embracing breadth of vision. To achieve this, an intercultural committee was formed. Its task was to examine critically each contribution to the lesson units and to complement them with insights drawn from other experiences in keeping with their own particular circumstances. It should be made possible that problems foreign to one's own experience and extraneous to one's own culture should be understood, dealt with, and resolved.

Page 8 Lesson Unit 0 - Introduction and Survey The first version of the Course was translated Women's Congregations of the Regular Third into the following languages: Burmese, Chinese, Order nor in respect to the Secular . German, English, French, Indonesian, Italian, Hence the predominance of the First Order in Japanese, Swahili, Korean, Serbo-Croatian, the editorial work on the first version and a Portuguese, Slovak, Spanish, Tagalog, Czech, corresponding involuntary negligence in taking Hungarian and Urdu. account of the spirituality of Saint Clare. It has The Course should be Inter-Franciscan become increasingly clear during the work on • this Course that, with Francis alone, we cannot Therefore, the individual branches of the Franciscan fully comprehend the impact of the religious family should be fully represented at all three reform movement, started in Assisi 800 years levels (as authors, as members of the Intercultural ago, which has impressed and influenced so Team, as editors). This was in fact achieved in many people in the whole world. respect to the Franciscan First Order(s), but Francis and Clare have shaped it. This sense of initially, this was not the case in respect to the Francis and Clare belonging together is expressed in -America with the coining francisclareano, which might be translated into English as Francisclarean. The Course will therefore promote inter-Franciscan co-operation among Franciscans, m en a nd women, as well as between those who feel themselves drawn to the Franciscan idea. A world-wide family shall grow together, so that, when faced with today's problem areas, it will develop a uniquely Franciscan response. •The Course should be uniform in structure and style. An editorial panel was chosen to guarantee a uniform style and a consistent, regular structure. This team was commissioned to incorporate the complementary additional material supplied by the Intercultural Team and take account of constructive criticism. The structure of the individual lesson units is as follows: A. Introduction: Broaching the topic B. Survey: Summary of the didactic material C. Information: Developing the topic D. Exercises: Texts that serve both to consolidate the didactic content of the course and to supply material for discussion among participants in the course E. Application: Practical suggestions to stimulate concrete action in one's own immediate region F. Index: Bibliography and picture credits

Francis hands over to Clare the Book of the Gospels.

Page 9 Introduction and Survey - Lesson Unit 0 Spirituality and Theology 1.3. of the Course

Underlying our Course can be found a spiritual and links the insights of Franciscan spirituality and a theological intention. Some aspects will to the needs and problems of the world today. be highlighted here in a special manner. Convictions are to be re-stated and once again •All Christians - and that includes the brought to the forefront of our consciousness. Franciscan family - have a mission, namely to The Comprehensive Course is in no way an pass on the message of Jesus. Whoever follows academic text-book, but a practical aid towards Jesus, the "Missionary of the Father", is a living process of learning. summoned to bear witness in word and deed to The necessary and indispensable infrastructure God's love for us. The traditional distinction and services provided by the Mission Centre in drawn between a missionary and a non- missionary therefore belongs, not only historically but also theologically, to the past. Presently, individual Churches all over the face of the globe understand themselves as self-sufficient local Churches. And so th e distinction between the actively missionizing Church and the passively receiving Mission Church is superseded. •Franciscan spirituality, too, does not merely contain a missionary element: it is in its very essence missionary, and A Franciscan using the CCFMC in a group meeting. so is duty-bound to unfold itself as such in the Church and before the world. The whole Bonn, as well as the continental and regional life of St. Francis, the whole life of St. Clare, was institutions, are to be understood as bridges through witness, example and prophecy. linking lands and continents and thus facilitating Without this, the whole sense and purpose of a world-wide Franciscan dialogue. That lies at Franciscan life is null and void. the very core of our faith. We speak of 'revealed •The name Comprehensive Course is intended religion', which is fundamental to our faith and to emphasise the fact that it includes a study of of the Word of God, that binds us all together. th e so urc es, the Bib le, imp ortant Church Then should there not be an unceasing flow of documents and Franciscan writings. With these dialogue between those who are of the Faith? in mind, it also deals with the signs of the times

Revision of the Course 1.4. at Assisi 1994

From 17 September to 1 October 1994, 160 After a decade of experience in five continents CCFMC participants (120 delegates and a further working with the Course, the aim of the Congress 40 members - the Board of Directors, the was threefold: Organisational Panel, experts, and translators) to give people an opportunity to share of gathered together in Assisi. •

Page 10 Lesson Unit 0 - Introduction and Survey Delegates from Africa with Cardinal A. Lohrscheider OFM, A. Müller OFM and A. Rotzetter OFMCap at the international CCFMC Congress in Assisi 1994.

their experiences with each other as well as be made more fruitful. As an Order 'in the collect constructive criticisms and suggestions world', its special vocation is to engage itself in for a new revised edition; the promotion of Justice, Peace and Integrity of •to make p eo ple mo re aware o f the Creation, and, in association with the other Brothers and Sisters, to bear witness to the feminine dimension and of the secular aspect of Gospel before the world. the Franciscan Mission Charism and to integrate this heightened awareness into the Course; and • The feminine aspect of the Franciscan in addition, to acknowledge fully the witness Mission Charism must find its place in the borne by the , the Third Order forefront of our consciousness and be deepened. Regular (TOR) and the In the initial and ongoing formation of all (SFO) in regard to their significance for the Brothers and Sisters, the contribution made by Franciscan Family and to the Church as a whole; the Poor Clares and the other women's orders, congregations and institutes must receive •to take the opportunity of making the greater emphasis. 800th anniversary of St. Clare a fitting occasion for creative action and to make it fruitful for the • There are already praiseworthy examples Franciscan Family. of co-operation in the Franciscan Family, yet even mo re effort is req uired so that the The Congress raised the level of awareness for Franciscan Mission can be successfully and the following concerns : jointly fulfilled in the world. Such initiatives •The contribution of the Secular Third should be noted and shared among the whole Order to the Franciscan Mission Charism must Franciscan Family.

2.

ontents and Methodology

The following re-structuring of the Course is the result of the suggestions proposed at Assisi:

Page 11 Introduction and Survey - Lesson Unit 0 The Structure of the Course 2.1.

0. Introduction and Survey

The Franciscan The Religious-Mystical Family - Dimension of the Bearer of a the Franciscan Specific Mission Mission Charism

1. Christianity - a Religion of the Incarnation 10. The Unity of Contemplation and Mission 2. The Franciscan Family 11. The Option for Christ and Universality 3. Franciscan Collaboration Today 12. Being Brothers and Sisters to all: Reconcilia- 4. Initial and Ongoing Formation tion with God, Humanity, and Nature 13. Franciscan Mission and the Preaching of the Word 14. Sister and Brothers in a Secularised World 15. Dialogue with Other Religions: A Franciscan Way 16. Encounter with the Muslims The Foundations 17. as a Franciscan Task of the Franciscan Mission Charism 18. The Franciscan Dream of an Amer-Indian Church

5. Biblical and Prophetic Basis of the Franciscan The Socio-Political Mission Dimension of the 6. The Origin of Mission in the Mystery of the Franciscan Mission Charism 7. The Franciscan Mission according to Early Sources 8. Loyalty and Betrayal: a History of Franciscan Mission 19. Francis of Assisi and the Option for the Poor 9. Franciscan Mission according to Modern 20. Liberation Theology from the Franciscan Sources Point of view

Page 12 Lesson Unit 0 - Introduction and Survey 21. Prophetic Criticism of Social Systems from the Franciscan Viewpoint Part 1: Capitalism ; Part 2: Marxism Summary 22. "As Man and Woman God created them ..." a Franciscan Challenge 23. Franciscan Commitment for Peace 24. Our Attitude towards Science and Technology 25. The Permanent Role of Franciscans in the Church

Study Aids 2.2.

In addition to the Comprehensive Course itself different methodological approaches. The there are also study aids: international Manual will provide a range of suggestions. •The News Bulletin •The Source Book CCFMC-News, which is published in several languages. It is intended to give the Course The most recent sources: Documents of the participants, through the exchange of information, Church, Papal Documents, Documents of the the feeling of belonging together, of having Franciscan Family, have all been gathered together something to give, of being able to receive; "there it into one compendium. is done this way, elsewhere they are experiencing this." •The Franciscan Digest •The Manual Imp ortant articles on Franciscan Mission Spirituality, as practised in our time, are made The Comprehensive Course can be used in more widely accessible by being published in various ways, and depending on local conditions English. in differing cultural environments, there will be

Methods of Approach 2.3.

The following methodological elements make and ask themselves what the objectives of the the contents of the lesson units more accessible: lesson are. In this way, everyone can concentrate more effectively on the content and the objectives •Introductory Steps when reading the Information Section. In preparation, the course participants will read •Highlighting just the title and the introduction to a lesson unit and listen to the introductory story. Then, they Every concept and statement that is considered share what they know about the topic in question especially important, or on which there is some

Page 13 Introduction and Survey - Lesson Unit 0 disagreement, or which is not fully or properly background. However, the substance of the understood will be identified with a question mark, lesson units must never be abandoned. For an exclamation mark, an arrow, or by underlining. changes to the content and additional topics the There follows an in-depth explanation and Board of Directors must be contacted. discussion within the group. •An in-depth approach to the triple "See •Writing a Summary + Judge + Act" In order to assist the memory and to interiorise The Course invites all members of the Franciscan the content of the lesson unit, each participant Family and interested people all over the world will attempt to write a short summary. to approach the problems of this present age from a Franciscan point of view and a world- •Formulating questions wide experience and to resolve them. This After reading each individual section, an exchange means that what is learnt in the Course should of views will be effected by questions. For also be put into practice. If together we make example, questions such as: What part of the text efforts to 'bring forth good deeds', then we will feel drew my attention in particular? What parts of the more strongly that we belong to the same family. reading/section moved me in particular? What made When dealing with the topics raised in each me feel challenged, encouraged, confirmed or shaken lesson unit, we use the " See + Judge + Act" in my beliefs and practice? What new insights have I method. gained? What does this text mean for us as a community? Who are we? Men and women who, as St. Francis and St. Clare did, want to live out the Gospel.

What is the real situation like? social - political - cultural - religious e

e poverty - hunger - powerlessness - relations between S the se xe s - fore ig n culture s - ot her religions- 1. exploitation of nature's resources - the economy - wealth - power - globalisation - political systems

What should the world look like? What is God's plan? udge J Holy Scripture 2. The Documents of the Church Franciscan sources One of the many African Franciscan Sisters studying happily the CCFMC. •Using the material in a flexible way What can we do that the

The joy in dealing with this material should t Reign of God may come? c

never be lost. Therefore a creative approach to A to adopt a simple lifestyle - to respect life - the content, the exercises and the suggestions 3. to protect God's Creation - to promote Peace and Justice - to show solidarity with in the lesson units is taken for granted. Equally the poor, the oppressed, and the stranger obvious is the insertion of one's own cultural

Page 14 Lesson Unit 0 - Introduction and Survey Interpretation of the Diagrammatic Presentation and ideologies are behind them. We shall We see: examine exactly which situations we would like We: that is, all of us women and men who to change and at the same time make sure that endeavour to put CCFMC into practice. We see our interventions are really responding to our individual responsibility, our possibilities, people's yearnings. We are required to be critical our limitations; we consciously accept the in our approach to all that surrounds us; to open ourselves to a broad range of criteria for judging reality of the world as it is, at its social, cultural, reality and to tolerate different and partly religious, and ecclesiastical level; at the same contradictory views. time, we are trying to recognise God's plan as we find it expressed in the Sacred Scriptures, in Our goal is the utopia, the ideal situation which the Docume nts of the C hurch and of the we would like to achieve, and of which we know Franciscan Orders, and also in the lesson units that we can never reach it completely. In the of the CCFMC and as He manifests Himself in language of the Church this is called "to adopt a our inner experience (life, conscience, and the prophetic stance". It is not merely a question of signs of the times). removing social or economic abuses, but of creating an atmosphere in which more joy, more The Second Vatican Council (in 'Gaudium et spes') truth, greater justice and peace can reign. It is a challenges us to listen attentively to the many question of drawing nearer and nearer to "a new voices of the world, especially to the cry of the Heaven and a new Earth". poor. The Council Fathers refer to the world as the reality. We shall recognise both Good and Bad. The Good is manifested in those actions that nurture the basic yearnings of people and is the sign of God's actual presence in our world: to know and be known, to love and be loved, to accept and be accepted; to be free and to liberate others. The Bad, on the other hand, lies hidden in events that stand in opposition to people's basic yearnings, events that indicate the apparent absence of God in and from this world.

Demonstration for freedom by the landless in north-east Brazil.

We judge: We act: For judging reality, we draw our inspiration Knowledge and Faith, however important, from Sacred Scripture, the Documents of the without action are fruitless. They must lead to Church and of the Franciscan Orders. These action. In 'Evangelii nuntiandi' Pope Paul VI sources are our norms for judging reality. They reminds us that what the world needs today are enable us to relate reality, as it is, to the Utopia witnesses, those who bear witness by example of the Kingdom of God and to recognise the or action. We Franciscans, both women and men necessity for transformation. and all those who desire to follow the example Where we find abuses, we investigate their of Francis and Clare, can be a strong and vigorous causes. We ask ourselves what kind of interests force for change when we put into practice the

Page 15 Introduction and Survey - Lesson Unit 0 beautiful inspirations from our many documents In all our deliberations we must not let ourselves such as those presented in the 25 lesson units of be discouraged by obstacles (e.g. lack of financial the CCFMC. Judging t he Reality from the resources or personnel, lack of interest in the perspective of the Gospel and the Franciscan realisation of our plans on the part of the values is a process that demands a change of leadership in the community or fraternity or in heart from the planners. An agent of change our target group). Although we are conscious must be attuned to the Holy Spirit, just as Francis of problems, our focus of attention is not on the and Clare were, must constantly aspire to love problems but on the desired goal and on the God, our fellow-human beings and Creation, truly human and spiritual values that are needed and must be impelled by the need for ongoing for the realisation of our vision. conversion; in short, we need a healthy love for the world, an insatiable thirst for sound spiritual values and the stamina to work for change towards a desired reality that approximates God's Reign. We look for the small steps that are possible for us to take in order to make the values of the Reign of God tangible so that people can experience them.

The following questions can be of assistance to us in planning: What is the main cause for the deplorable state of affairs that we have identified? Which interests and ideologies are behind it? •Plans of action What do we want to do about it? (Long term goals and short term goals) An Inter-Franciscan co-operation will be successful, when we study the Course together, Who will it be for? (Target group) if we draw up plans of action together and How dowewanttomakeour dreamsbecome reality? afterwards evaluate their implementation (Methods and strategies) critically. We proceed according to the method What is our main motivating factor which keeps us described above, namely, See + Judge + Act. going and prompts us to act?

Page 16 Lesson Unit 0 - Introduction and Survey What are the strengths we possess? it focuses on a definite purpose or action. It is How much will it cost? measurable when the desired result can be What means do we have at our disposal? quantified. It is attainable, when the desired Who will be involved and who can be of assistance in results can be realised within a given time. It is implementing the plan? realistic when the end result meets the needs of When will it be done and how long will it take? (Time the beneficiaries of the action plan. It is time-bound frame) when it sets deadlines for the accomplishment of the different phases of the plan. Where shall we realise our plans? (Venue) Sometimes plans of action are realised much The short term goals are those concrete steps earlier than the target dates set by the planners. geared towards an approximation of the defined At other times the realisation of the short term goal (long-term goal). There can be, of course, goals might be delayed. In any case, the planners more than two or three short term goals to must meet from time to time to assess the achieve before the main objective is reached. situation (analysis) and adjust their plan of action The proximate goals must be S-M-A-R-T: to the new perceived reality. Specific, Measurable, Attainable, Realistic and Time-bound. The short term goal is specific when

Ways of Working with CCFMC 2.4.

The course material presented here can be used in a variety of ways. It serves as an introduction to Franciscan spirituality in formation houses and in study centres as well as a programme for ongoing formation for the whole Franciscan family. It can be used by people without special educational preconditions, but is equally useful for people with an academic education. It all depends on the way the material is presented. Some of the approaches that have been tried out in different countries in recent years, shall be presented here. Everyone is invited to develop these ways further, by complementing them according to their own experiences and also by trying new ways. •Joint Seminars Within the Franciscan Family on a Regional Basis At regular intervals, Sisters and Brothers within the same region meet for a one-day seminar during which they will study one lesson together and deepen their insights in small groups. The soc ial p art o f the meet ing i s not only an A Franciscan mission team in Coventry, England. interruption of the work, but is an essential element of the Franciscan way of life. At the end of the seminar the next meeting will be planned

Page 17 Introduction and Survey - Lesson Unit 0 and the day ends with the celebration of the •Annual Retreats and Orientation Days Eucharist or with Vespers. Annual retreats and orientation days have also In the interval between two meetings, the topic b een based on C CFMC mat erial. Such a dealt with in the seminar can be shared and programme is adapted to the needs of the discussed in one's own community. This is participants and will be modified accordingly. especially important for those Brothers and An nu al retreats are no t stud y weeks and Sisters who were not able to take part in the therefore require sufficient time for meditation, regional meeting and gives an opportunity for for in-depth recollection and personal prayer. It them to become involved too. is not the quantity of the material absorbed, it is Wherever this Course has been used, it has not a wide range of themes which are the decisive strengthened the sense of unity, of belonging factors, but the interiorisation of a few essential together, among the members of the participating aspects of Franciscan spirituality. Lesson units Franciscan Orders and Congregations, has 1, 4, 5, 6, 10, 11, and 12 are especially suitable. furthered co-operation on different levels and has Topics in other lesson units can be considered led to a mutual exchange, often for the first time. according to need and circumstance. •For Initial and Ongoing Formation in the Order The Comprehensive Course is suitable for use in formation in an Order's or a congregation's noviciate or juniorate, and for the introduction to the Secular Franciscan Order. In some countries, the Comprehensive Course has been offered as a correspondence course. In this case, there is a co-ordinating team whose task is to send out the lesson units, to co-ordinate the work and to be available as a partner in dialogue. In some countries a diploma is issued at the conclusion of the Course, which is a recognised qualification for a church-worker. •Study Weeks Study weeks are recommended for every age as a way of ongoing formation. Elements of such study weeks are: essays and talks based on themes of the lesson units, group-work and round table discussions, panel discussions and personal study. •Working with the lesson units in •Days of Recollection (Desert Days) Community A team that prepares the monthly day of recollection One of the most fruitful ways of using the for a community selects the theme from one of Comprehensive Course is a weekly or fortnightly the lesson units and proposes it as the basis for meeting within one's own community. One personal recollection. Towards the end of the day advantage of this is that the group can take as of recollection, there can be an exchange of views much time for one lesson unit as they like, e.g. and insights on the topic in question and on its to deal with one lesson unit for several weeks. relevance in our life. The day closes with a Bible In communities where the Brothers or Sisters fulfil sharing or a meditation based on a picture and/ a variety of tasks (teaching, pastoral work, nursing or accompanied by music. or care of the elderly, administration, as well as

Page 18 Lesson Unit 0 - Introduction and Survey in household duties), the joint work on the Chapters General when a whole religious Comprehensive Course can unite them all and community seeks to redefine its role and position reawaken interests they all have in common. It in the Church and in society. fosters a form of communication which is not limited to one's own work and range of duties, •Ecumenical Groups and from which no one needs to feel excluded. Many people, not only Catholics and other •Visitations, Chapter of Mats2, Provin- Christians, have been profoundly impressed by cial Chapters, General Chapters Francis and Clare. In different countries ecu- menical groups have been formed and now use In a variety of ways, Sisters and Brothers with the Comprehensive Course. As this Programme leadership responsibilities in their Order have is both international and intercultural, it is mak- used lesson units successfully as a basis for their ing a contribution not only to dialogue among Visitations. In a similar way, the lesson unit Christians, but it is also promoting under- themes have served as a starting point in standing among members of other cultures 'Chapters of Mats', Provincial Chapters, and and religions.

Short and Simplified 2.5. Forms of the Course

In different countries and regions where the 3. Equally welcome are programmes which Course has been used, shorter and simplified present the text of the lesson units in a simplified versions have been made. The International form. However, it must be guaranteed that there CCFMC Board gives the following guidelines: is a clearly recognisable conformity and identity 1. In using study aids as much freedom as possible with the original basic text of all the lesson units should be given; if these simplified versions are to appear under 2. Programmes which help the participants to the name of CCFMC (See Statutes C 2). understand the content of the lesson units better are welcome;

2Chapter of Mats refer to the gatherings of the early Franciscan around the Feast of Pentecost at St. Mary's of the Angels (Portiuncula). Since there were no huts, screens of rush matting had been put up, with other mats on top of them to form roofs, and for this reason the chapters were called Chapter of Mats (cf. LFl 18; MP 68; A. Fortini: Francis of Assisi, p. 475)

3.

o-workers

•Editor and Copyright •General Secretary The International Board of the CCFMC Patricia Hoffmann •President •CCFMC General Office Anton Rotzetter OFMCap CCFMC General Office: Haugerring 9 •Managing Director D - 97070 Wuerzburg Andreas Müller OFM Germany

Page 19 Introduction and Survey - Lesson Unit 0 Members of the International 3.1. Board (as of 2002)

Responsible for planning, evaluation and international co-ordination are: Anglophone Africa: Maria Aoko FSJ Francophone Africa: Alphonsa Kiven TSSF Asia: Jeanne Luyun SFIC Spanish-speaking Latin America: Luis Patiño OFM Portugues-speaking Latin America: NN North America: NN Western : Flavian Hasler OFMCap Eastern Europe: Jela Piljic : Marietta Vega OSC 3rd Order Regular : Marianne Jungbluth (IFC) General Curias: Linus Fäh OFMCap Nikolas Zumalde OFM T. Swiatkowski OFMConv. Secular Franciscans: NN

Executive Committee 3.2.

Anton Rotzetter OFMCap Marianne Jungbluth OSF Andreas Müller OFM Tadeusz Swiatkowski OFMConv Patricia Hoffmann Alphonsa Kiven TSSF Marietta Vega OSC

Authors 3.3.

•Authors of the First Version Peter Amendt OFM (Germany) Edward Coughlin OFM (USA) Louis Mascarenha OFM (Pakistan) Joseph Nacua OFMCap ( ) Leonardo Boff OFM (Brazil) Stephen Doyle OFM (USA) Thaddée Matura OFM (France) Othmar Noggler OFMCap (Germany) Walbert Bühlmann OFMCap (Switzerland) Gualberto Gismondi OFM () Andreas Müller OFM (Germany) Dorothy Ortega CFIC ( Philippines) Anthony Carozzo OFM (USA) Margaret Guider OSF (USA) Nguyen Van Si OFM (Vietnam) Anton Rotzetter OFMCap (Switzerland)

Page 20 Lesson Unit 0 - Introduction and Survey Ignatius Kelly OFM (UK) Anil Sequeria OFMCap () Udo Schmälzle OFM (Germany) L. Lehmann OFMCap (Germany) Mary Francis Kwon OSC (Korea) Benvenuta Silva IMC (Brazil)

•Authors of the Revised Version Paul Kallan OFM (India) J. Bormida OFMCap (Uruguay) The Revised Version is based on the pattern and Jerry Lobo OFM (India) content of the First Version. However, the texts were Patrick Crasta OFMCap (India) in part completely re-written. The following additional Walter Ludin OFMCap (Switzerland) authors wereresponsible for this revision: Maria Crucis Doka OSF (Switzerland) Maria Aoko FSJ and Team (Kenya) Anselm Moons OFM (Netherlands) Charles Finnegan OFM (USA) Alberto Da Silva Moreira (Brazil) Horst von der Bey (Germany) William Short OFM (USA)

Intercultural Team 3.4.

Grace Chu FMM (Hong Kong) Bishop A. Nteka OFMCap (Angola) L. Mulhern OFM (†1.11.1998) (USA) Guillermo Mesa OFM (Colombia) Malina Hoepfner RSCJ (Brazil) Noel O'Dwyer OFM (UK) Ambrose Nguyen Van Si OFM (Vietnam) Gilda del C. S. Jiménez FMM (Chile) François-M.LufuluaboOFM (Zaire)

Editorial Teams 3.5.

•Editorial Team of the German language •Editorial Team of the German language First Edition Second Edition Benedicta Beha OSF (Germany) Maria Crucis Doka OSF (Switzerland) Othmar Noggler OFMCap (Germany) Patricia Hoffmann (Germany) Malina Hoepfner FSCJ (Brazil) Margarethe Mehren OSF (Germany) Andreas Müller OFM (Germany) Andreas Müller OFM (Germany) L. Lehmann OFMCap (Germany) Othmar Noggler OFMCap (Germany) Anton Rotzetter OFMCap (Switzerland) Anton Rozzetter OFMCap (Switzerland) Astrid Mertens OSF (Germany) Udo Schmälzle OFM (Germany) •Translation Services, Secretariat, •Graphic Design and Lay-out Co-ordination and Communication Jakina Ulrike Wesselmann, Margarethe Mehren OSF and Patricia Hoffmann, Missionszentrale der Franziskaner e.V. Missionszentrale der Franziskaner e.V.

Page 21 Introduction and Survey - Lesson Unit 0 •Editorial Team of the Africa English Assumpta Hegarty OSF Edition Roisin Hickey FMM Carol A. Kane FMM Maria Aoko FSJ Matthew McCormack OSF Margaret Aringo FSJ Louise Malone FMSA David F. Blowey OFMConv. Teresa Rafferty FMSA Roy Corrigan OFM Finian Riley OFM Mario Debattista OFM Peter Roddy OSF Fabian D'Souza OFM Anne Schoettelkotte FMSA Joseph Ehrhardt OFM Servulo San Martin OFM Heinrich Gockel OFM Cornelius Smith OFM

•Bibliography Festus K. Mghanga OFM Juvenal Ndayambaye OFM Cosmas M. Kagwe OFM Alban Othiambo OFM

•Graphic Design and Lay-out: •Printing Kolbe Press: †Regina Nkatha Mworia Kolbe Press, Limuru (Kenya) Loise Thuku Krzysztof Kozak OFMConv. Boguslaw Czerniakowski OFMConv. Heinrich Gockel OFM

Continental and National 3.6. Co-ordination (as of 2002)

Participants from Ethiopia and Eritrea at the CCFMC Seminar in Addis Ababa 1997.

Page 22 Lesson Unit 0 - Introduction and Survey •AFRICA: Maria Aoko FSJ (Kenya) Ethiopia/Eritrea: G. Amanuel OFMCap South Africa: Richard Duarte OFM Cameroon: Alphonsa Kiven TSSF Tanzania: Eleuter Mrema OFMCap Kenya: Heinrich Gockel OFM Uganda: John Fernandes OFMCap Malawi: Davis Elevithinga OFMCap Zambia: Malachy Matthew FMSA Namibia: M. Klara Oaes SMIC

•ASIA: Jeanne Luyun SFIC (Philippines)

Australia: Louis Hume OSC, Papua- Dan Neylon OFM New Guinea: Fabian Thom OFM India: NN (†16. 8. 2001) Indonesia: Kees van Dyke OFM Philippines: Renita Fabic SIM Japan: Lukas Horstings OFM Singapore: Molly Lim FMM Korea: Myeong Hwan Ho OFM Macau/ Malaysia: Serena Woon SFO Hong Kong: Judith Yuen FMM Pakistan: L. Mascarenhas OFM Thailand: Elizabeth de Vera SFIC

•LATIN-AMERICA: Luis Patiño OFM (Colombia)

Bolivia: Amadeo Benz, Luis Berastegui Colombia: Sandra Liliana Sarria Brazil: Agostinho Piccolo OFM Mexico/Central Brazil America: Angelica Rejo (North East): Fernando Schnitker OFM Paraguay: Inés Cau Derieu Argentina/Chile/ Peru: Adelaida Marca Uruguay: Mabel Moyano OFS Uruguay: Antonio Coelho Ecuador: Luis Cabrera

Page 23 Introduction and Survey - Lesson Unit 0 •NORTH AMERICA: NN

•EUROPE: Flavian Hasler OFMCap (Switzerland)

UK: Mary Readman FMDM In addition to the above, in many countries whole Ireland: Mary Coyle FMDM groups are active in the promotion, administration, Austria: NN and animation of the Course. For the translation of Switzerland: B. Maillard OFMCap the lesson units editors and translator teams have been Bosnia Herzegovina: Marko Orsolic OFM created, who together with clerical staff, illustrators Slovakia: Juraj Mihaly OFM and printers have been occupied with the production Czech Republic: Iri Tuma SFO of the lesson units. Germany: NN

Statutes and D Organigram

1. tatutes

•General Description

A. Name 2. The programme is comprehensive in that it focuses on the original sources and current 1.The"ComprehensiveCourseontheFranciscan expressions of the Franciscan charism and Mission Charism" (CCFMC) is both a program analyses the global situation. of study and reflection, and an organisation for the promotion of the Franciscan Mission B. Aim Charism within the Franciscan Family. The aim of the CCFMC is to provide Franciscans

Page 24 Lesson Unit 0 - Introduction and Survey world-wide with an instrument of learning 2. a General Manager appointed by the and formation. It aims to offer a deeper un- Board derstanding of the Franciscan charism, its 3. six Board members, representing theFirst, history and development and its significance Second and Third (Regular and Secular) for evangelization, for a truly Franciscan life Orders of the Franciscan Family, invited in our time and for inter-Franciscan co-op- and accepted by the Board eration. 4. five Continental Co-ordinators or their C. Participation delegates accepted by the Board The CCFMC movement includes those men 5. a General Secretary appointed by the and women of all branches of the Franciscan Board Family currently and actively involved in the promotion of CCFMC programs. B. Chairperson of the Board

D. Title It is the Chairperson's duty to: 1. represent the Board personally to ecclesi- Various titles may be used for the textbook astical and public institutions and the of the "Comprehensive Course on the Franciscan goverments of the various branches of the Missionary Charism" (CCFMC). Franciscan Family; E. Headquarters 2. preside at meetings of the Board and Ex- ecutive Committee The headquarters of the CCFMC are cur- rently located at the Mission Centre of the 3. to appoint another member of the Board Franciscans (MZF) in Bonn, Germany. to act on his or her name, if impeded TheCCFMC central office takes care of normal ad- C. Responsibilities of the Board ministrative matters. As far as possible, the cen- The Board is the executive body of the tral office should be annexed to an existing, func- CCFMC and has the following responsibilities: tioning and efficient organisation possessing mis- 1. to promote and animate the CCFMC on sionary expertise and helpful, world-wide relations. an international level In this manner, an extensive administration and additional set-up of its own infra-structure can 2. to protect the copyright and integrity be avoided. From the beginning the MZF has put of the CCFMC: its installation at the disposal of the CCFMC. It is the responsibility of the Board to ensure that, F. Organisation in general lines, the uniqueness and uniformity of the texts are maintained and that their essential The CCFMC comprises of the following content is transmitted. Any modifications and/or structures: additions of further lesson units to the course have to be approved by the Board. Not subject to this 1. The Board; 2. TheExecutive Committee; restriction are the Applications (Section E), and 3. The Continental Co-ordinators; the 'Bibliography' (Section F). 4. The Plenary Council; 5. The Secretariat. 3. to supervise the editing of eventual modi- •I. The Board fications and/or additions to theCourse 4. to co-ordinate, foster and evaluate the A. Composition of the Board Course on an international level The Board is composed of: 5. to convoke meetings of the Plenary coun- 1. a Chairperson elected by the Board cil as deemed necessary and feasible

Page 25 Introduction and Survey - Lesson Unit 0 6. to determine the purpose, scope, date and •II. Executive Committee of the Board agenda of international meetings, and to be responsible for their preparation and A. Composition implementation The Chairperson, General Manager, General 7. to invite experts to meetings and to Secretary and four other members of the Board collaborate on various tasks as needed form the Executive Committee. Other 8. to entrust tasks to individual Board mem- members of the Board can be invited bers and to committees occasionally by the Chairperson, according to the agenda of the meeting, with full 9. to designate the four appointed members participation. of the Executive Committee B. Responsibilities of the Executive 10. to assist in the financial management of Committee CCFMC programs by reviewing the finan- cial reports and collaborating in fundraising 1. The Executive Committee carries on the efforts. functions of the Board (as described above) until the subsequent Board meeting. D. Working Procedures of the Board 2. In the event of a vacancy among the members of the Board, for whatever rea- 1. The Board meets once every two or three son, the Executive Committee will seek a years. replacement according to Article II/A. 2. The Chairperson, or a delegated member 3. The Executive Committee determines the of the Board, presides at the Boardmeeting. date, place and agenda of meetings of the Board. The Chairperson and the General 3. Ordinarily, decisions of the Board are Manager together determine the date, reached by consensus among the mem- place and agenda of Executive Commit- bers. In cases where such consensus is im- tee meetings. possible, the Chairperson or presiding member calls for a vote. In such cases a C. Working Procedures simple majority suffices. 1. The Executive Committee of the Board 4. The General Secretary records the min- meets annually, or more often if necessary, utes of meetings of the Board.These min- and reports its activities to the entire Board. utes, signed by the Chairperson and by 2. The Chairperson, or a delegated member, the General Secretary, are sent to all the presides at meetings of the Executive members of Board; they are approved at Committee. the next session of the Board. 3. Ordinarily, decisions of the Executive E. Term of Office Committee are reached by consensus among the members. In cases where such 1. The term of office for members of the consensus is impossible, the Chairperson Board, except for the Chairperson, the or presiding member calls for avote. In General Manager and the General Secre- such cases a simple majority suffices. tary, is normally six years. 4. The General Secretary records the min- 2. A second or third term is possible. utes of meetings of the Executive Com- mittee. These minutes, signed by the 3. The term of office of the Chairperson, Chairperson and the General Secretary General Manager, and General Secretary are sent to all Board members; they are will be determined by the Board at the approved at the next session of the Ex- time of their election or appointment. ecutive Committee.

Page 26 Lesson Unit 0 - Introduction and Survey •III. The Continental Co-ordinators 4. process applications for financial grants for the CCFMC The Continental Co-ordinators are chosen by the CCFMC Animators in their respective 5. recommend and provide the assistance of continents. experts upon request Responsibilities 6. be responsible for the financial man- agement of the CCMFC, including fund- 1. to promote and co-ordinate programs on raising and an annual financial report to the continental level the Board 2. to maintain communication with the Gen- eral Secretariat and the Continental Co- B. The General Secretary ordinators It is the task of the General Secretary to: 3. to maintain an office as a centre for com- 1. assist the General Manager in caring for munication and resource materials the current affairs of the CCFMC 4. to participate in CCFMC Board meetings 2. care for ongoing communications 5. to prepare an annual financial report and 3. record and distribute the minutes of budget and seek financing for CCFMC Board, Executive Committee, and other programs and office maintence general meetings of the CCFMC 6. to promote a network of animators in 4. maintain the archives of the CCFMC each country or region VI. General Matters 7. to care for the translations, adaptations • and distribution of lesson units. A. Modification of Statutes •IV. The Plenary Council The statutes can be modified only by the Board, The Plenary Council consists of the members of which must approve the modifications by a the Board and four members mandated by each majority vote. of the continental groups.The responsibilities of the Plenary Council are determined by the B. Interpretation of the Statutes Board at the time of its convocation. The Statutes may be legitimately interpreted •V. The Secretariat by the Board. These Statutes wereunanimously approved by The Secretariat is composed of the General the Board during its meeting in Dulliken, Manager, the General Secretary and auxiliary Switzerland on 16 December 1995. It is the assistants as deemed necessary. decision oftheBoardthattheseStatutes enter A. The General Manager into effect immediately. It is the task of the General Manager to: Dulliken, Switzerland, 16 December 1995 1. conduct current affairs in close collabora- Anton Rotzetter OFMCap tion with the Chairperson Chairperson 2. maintain contact and communication with all members of the Board, especially Margarethe Mehren OSF with the continental co-ordinators General Secretary 3. organise the international exchange of Andreas Müller OFM information General Manager

Page 27 Introduction and Survey - Lesson Unit 0 2.

rganigramm

CCFMC-Organigramm

International ...... The Plenary . . Board Council ...... Redaction Copyright Executive Continental Franciscan Team Committee Co-ordinators Family 1, 2, 3 Order . .

. .

......

......

CCFMC Office ......

Manager . .

...... Secretariate

Redaction Finances Administration Animation Communication •New Texts •Projects •Organisation •Fostering Contacts •Information •Text Changes •Fund-raising •Correspondence •Training •News •Translations •Financial Report •Fostering Contacts •Evaluation •Minutes

•Graphic •Salaries •International •Printing Co-ordination

Page 28 Lesson Unit 0 - Introduction and Survey General Index E

ibliography

The Holy Bible 1.

The textual quotations and standard abbreviations used are those approved by the respective local Bishops' Conferences for use in English-speaking countries.

Franciscan Primary Sources 2.

Latin Basic Texts 2.1.

The two works by Kajetan Esser OFM contain Esser, Kajetan OFM the basic Latin text of the 'Writings of St. Francis ¨ ¨ ¨ Die Opuscula des hl. Franziskus von of Assisi'. All modern language translations are Assisi. Neue textkritische Edition (Grottaferrata- based on these works. Rom 2, 1989). ¨ ¨ ¨ Opuscula Sancti Patris Francisci Assisiensis de novu edidit iuxta codices mms. Cajetanus Esser (Grottaferrata-Roma 1978).

Page 29 Introduction and Survey - Lesson Unit 0 Writings of St. Francis and St. Clare 2.2.

Texts from the early history of the Order: Francis and Clare: The Complete Works. Translation and Introduction by Regis Armstrong OFMCap and Ignatius C. Brady, OFM, Paulist Press New York, Ramsey, Toronto, 1982. Francis of Assisi. Early Documents: Volume I, The Saint. Volume II, The Founder. Volume III, The Prophet. New City Press, New York, London, Manila, 1999.

Abbreviations of Franciscan Sources 3.

English1 Latin2 English1 Latin2

Adm Adm Admonitions CtExh ExhPD Exhortation to the Poor BlL BenLeo Blessing for Brother Leo Ladies PrOF ExpPat Prayer Inspired by the CtC CantSol Canticle of Brother Sun Our Father LtAnt EpAnt Letter to St. Anthony Form LtCl EpCler Letter to the Clergy Life Form Viv Form of Life for St. Clare 1LtCus lEpCust 1st Letter to the Custodians PrsG LaudDei Praises of God 2LtCus 2EpCust 2nd Letter to the Custodians PrH LaudHor Praises to be said at all the 1LtF lEpFid First Letter to the Faithful Hours 2LtF 2EpFid Second Letter to the OfP OffPass Office of the Passion Faithful PrCr OrCruc Prayer before the Crucifix LtL EpLeo Letter to Brother Leo L R RegB Later Rule LtMin EpMin Letter to a Minister E R RegNB Earlier Rule LtOrd EpOrd Letter to the Entire Order RH RegEr Rule for Hermitages LtR EpRect Letter to the Rulers SalBVM SalBVM Salutation of the Blessed Exhp ExhLD Exhortation to the Praises Virgin Mary of God

1. English Abbreviations taken from " Francis of Asisi - Early Documents" (Volume I, edited by: Regis J. Armstrong OFM Cap, J.A. Wayne Hellmann OFM Conv, William J. Short OFM, Franciscan Institute of St. Bonaventure University, St. Bonaventure, NY, 1999). 2. Latin Abbreviations

Page 30 Lesson Unit 0 - Introduction and Survey 1 2 English Latin English1 Latin2

SalV SalVirt Salutation of the Virtues Last Test Test Testament Will UltVol Last Will written to St. Clare TestS TestS Testament written in Siena TPJ VPLaet Dictate on True and Perfect Joy lLAg 1st Letter to St. Agnes of 4LAg 4th Letter to St. Agnes of Prague Prague 2LAg 2ndLetter to St. Agnes of LEr Letter to Ermentrude Prague RCl Rule of St. Clare 3LAg 3rd Letter to St. Agnes of TestCl Testament of St. Clare Prague BCl Blessing of St. Clare

1C lCel 1st Life of St. Francis by Thomas of Celano 2C 2Cel 2nd Life of St. Francis by Thomas of Celano 3C 3Cel Treatise on the Miracles by Thomas of Celano AP AP Anonymous of Perugia LegCl C L Legend of Clare LFl Fior The Little Flowers of St. Francis. Fioretti JdV JdV Witness of Jacque deVitry ChrJG Jord Jordan of Giano's Chronicle LMj L M Major Life of St. Francis by Bonaventure LMn LMin Minor Life of St. Francis by Bonaventure L P L P Legend of Perugia L3C L3S Legend of the Three Companions Proc Proc Process of St. Clare's Canonization ScEx SC The Sacred Exchange. Sacrum Commercium MP SP Mirror of Perfection

Modern Franciscan Sources 4.

Medellin 1971: Mattli 1978: •The Friars Minor and the Mission. Missionary Life and Activity. OFMCap Third •The Missionary Vocation of the Franciscans Plenary Council. in Today's World. Mattli 1982: •Education and Formation in the Order of the Friars Minor. Interfranciscan Message. Madrid 1973: Bahia 1983: The Vocation of Our Order Today: Declaration The Gospel Challenges Us. General Plenary OFM of the Chapter General of the Franciscans, 1973 Council .

Page 31 Introduction and Survey - Lesson Unit 0 Documents of the Second 5. Vatican Council

Dogmatic on the Church Declaration on religious liberty (Lumen gentium: LG) (Dignitatis humanae: DH) Decree on Ecumenism (Unitatis redintegratio : UR) Pastoral Constitution on the Church in the Declaration on the relation of the Church to modern World today (Gaudium et spes: GS) non-Christian religions (Nostra aetate: NA) Decree on the Church's missionary activity (Ad gentes: AG) Dogmatic Constitution on Divine Revelation (Dei verbum: DV)

Important Church Documents 6.

Evangelii praecones (EP), Laborem exercens (LE), Encyclical of Pope Pius XII, 1951. Encyclical of Pope John Paul II on Labour 90th Anniversary of the Encyclical Rerum Novarum. Fidei donum (FD), Papal Encyclicals on the Mission (from Leo XIII Solcitudo rei socialis (SRS), to John XXIII). Encyclical of Pope John Paul II, 20 years after the Encyclical Populorum progressio, AAS 82. Mater et Magistra (MM), Social encyclical of Pope John XXIII. Redemptoris missio (RM), Encyclical of Pope John Paul II, The Mission of Humanae salutis (HS), Christ, the Redeemer, AAS 100. Apostolic Constitution John XXIII, (= AAS), 54. Centesimus annus (CA), (ES), EncyclicalofPopeJohnPaul IIon the100thanniversary Inaugural Encyclical of Pope Paul VI, AAS 56. oftheEncyclicalRerumNovarum,AAS101. Medellin 1968 (CELAM II), Santo Domingo 1992 (CELAM IV), All decisions taken at the Second General Final document of the Fourth General Assembly Assembly of the Latin-American Episcopate in of the Latin-American Bishops in Santo Domingo, Medellín (24 March to 6 September 1968). The Dominican Republic. 'New Evangelisation - Populorum progressio (PP), The People's Demands - Christian Culture'. Encyclical on Development: Pope Paul VI, 1968. Ecclesia in Africa (EA), Evangelii nuntiandi (EN), Post-Synodal Apostolic Letter of Pope John Paul II Apostolic Epistle of Pope Paul VI, The on the Church in Africa and its Mission of Evangelisation in the World of today. Evangelisation in respect to the year 2000, AAS 123. Redemptor hominis (RH), Cor unum (CU), Inaugural Encyclical of Pope John Paul II, 1979. Papal Council: On the Hunger in the World, Puebla 1979 (CELAM III), Statements of the . Final Document of the Third General Assembly of the Latin American Episcopate in Puebla, Mexico.

Page 32 Lesson Unit 0 - Introduction and Survey Picture Credits

icture Credits

Cover St. Francis, Lower Church, Assisi, Vault P.15 (right) The Creation, a fourteenth-century over the High Altar, ca. 1320. miniature, Bibliothèque Nationale, . P.3 The Chartres Labyrinth3. Twelfth-century P.16 (left) A painting by Fr. Domingo Sávio labyrinth on the floor of the transept OFM, Recife, Brazil. Chartres Cathedral. (right) Everything in the River. A drawing P.5 The Ecstasy of St. Francis. Fresco by by Mariza, Fortaleza, Brazil. Giotto, Upper Church, St. Francis, Assisi. P.17 Photograph courtesy of the Coventry P.8 The 'Tau'Cross. From 'cTc': comunione e Evening Telegraph. comunicazione', 9/92. P.18 Photograph by Wolf-Chr. v. d. Mülbe. P.9 Linocut by Sr. ClaraWinkler OSF. P.20 Photograph: MZF Photo archive. P.10 Photograph: Wolf-Chr. von der Mülbe. P.22 Photograph: MZF Photo archive. P.11 Photograph: MZF-Photo archive. P.23 Drawing by Demóstenes Dumont P.12 (upper left) Illustration taken from Vargas Filho, Brazil. Lakshmi Lal (Publ.):' The Warlis-Tribal P. 34 -37 St. Francis and St. Clare. Stained-glass Paintings and Legends', Bombay (no window by Prof. G. L. Uboldi in San date) Damiano, Assisi . (middle left) Unknown. P. 38- 39 Emperor and Pope as Rulers equal in (upper right) From: Lexicon of Religions. rank. Details from the painting by An- (bottom right) Representation of the Crib. drea da Firenze, ca. 1365, The Spanish Unknown. Chapel in the Church of S. Maria No- P.13 Stained glass window by Frère Éric, vella, Florence. Church of Reconciliation, Taizé, France. P.14 MZF Photo archive: Photograph by Heinrich Gockel OFM.

3 The Chartres Labyrinth is in diameter 12,5 m and has a walking distance of 305 m. The labyrinth is a symbol of human searching, trying and understanding. In the context of gothic Cathedrals the labyrinth becomes a symbol of our life and vocation stories which aim at Jesus Christ as the centre (cf. Hermann Kirchhoff [Ed.]: Ursymbole, Kösel 1987, p. 40f).

Page 33 Introduction and Survey - Lesson Unit 0 F Chronological Tables

Francis and his Brothers and Sisters 1181/1182 Birth of Giovanni (called Francesco = the Frenchman) Bernadone in Assisi. 1198 Uprising of the citizens of Assisi, who form the Commune. 1202-1209 War between Assisi and Perugia. 1203 Francis takes part in the fighting against Perugia and is taken prisoner of war. Gravely ill. 1204 Convalescence; First sign of a conversion. 1206 Francis'conversion: encounter with the leper; his prayer before the Crucifix in San Damiano; he restores the church and prophesies the arrival of 'Poor Ladies'. 1207 He renounces his paternal inheritance. 1207/1208 He restores three chapels: San Damiano, San Pietro, and Santa Maria degli Angeli. 1209 Francis welcomes his first followers. In Rome, Pope Innocent III confirms the Primitive Rule. 1210 Francis preaches in Assisi. 1211 Clare's conversion. 1212 18/19 March, Palm Sunday: Francis receives Clare at the Portiuncula. The first Missionary journey, to Syria, ends with a shipwreck in Dalmatia. 1213/1214 The second missionary journey, this time to , ends in because of Francis' illness. 1215 Francis and Dominic take part in the Fourth Lateran Council. 1216 The first meeting with Hugolino of Ostia. 1217 May 14: The Great Pentecost Chapter at Portiuncula: 5000 friars gather around Francis; the 'Chapter of Mats'; Division of the Order into Provinces; Summer: the meeting of Francis with Cardinal Hugolino in Florence. 1218 Francis preaches before the Pope and the Cardinals; June 3: Pentecost Chapter at Portiuncula. 1219 May 26: Pentecost Chapter at Portiuncula.

Page 34 Lesson Unit 0 - Introduction and Survey 1219-1220 Third missionary journey, to the Holy Land; arrival at Damietta in Egypt before August 28. On or around September 26, meeting with the Sultan al-Malik al-Kamil. 1220 January 16: The first Franciscan martyrs in Morocco; Spring: Francis meets Pope Honorius III in Viterbo; May 17: Pentecost Chapter at Portiuncula: Peter Cathanii becomes the Vicar of Francis; September 22: the establishment of the first noviciate in the Order; Autumn: Francis and Dominic meet in the presence of Cardinal Hugolino in Rome. 1221 March 10: death of Peter Cathanii; his successor is Elias; May 30: Pentecost Chapter at Portiuncula. The First Rule of the friars (Regula non bullata). The founding of the Third Order for lay-people; Caesar of Speyer leads the mission to Germany. 1222 May 22: Pentecost Chapter at Portiuncula. 1223 June 11: Pentecost Chapter at Portiuncula: Further negotiations about a Rule; November 29: Papal approval of the final version of the Rule by Honorius III; Francis resigns from the leadership of the Order; December 25: Francis celebrates Christmas at Greccio; from then on, the custom of set- ting up Cribs begins to spread. 1224 June 2: Pentecost Chapter at Portiuncula; On or around September 14: Francis receives the Stigmata on Mount Alverna; The First Franciscans arrive in England. 1225 Francis is ill; he composes the Canticle of the Sun. 1226 October 3 in theevening: death of St. Francis in Portiuncula; Temporary burial in San Giorgio. 1228 July 16: Canonisation of Francis in Assisi; The Pope lays the foundation stone of the new Basilica. 1229 First biography of St. Francis by Celano. 1230 May 25: transfer of the relics of St. Francis to the Basilica San Francesco; 1231 Death of St. Anthony of Padua and of Saint Elizabeth of Hungary. 1246 Mission of Brother John of Piano di Carpine to Mongolia. 1248-1255 St. Bonaventure, Franciscan friar, teaches theology at the University of Paris; St. Louis sends three friars to the mission in Mongolia. 1257-1274 St. Bonaventure as Minister General of the .

Page 35 Introduction and Survey - Lesson Unit 0 Clare and her Sisters and Brothers

1193-1194 Birth of Clare Offreduccio di Favarone in Assisi. 1198 Clare's family take refuge in their castle in Cocorano. 1203-1205 Exile in Perugia along with families from the nobility at war with the Commune of Assisi. 1210 Clare hears St. Francis preach. 1211 Clare's conversion. 1212 Palm Sunday: Clare is consecrated at the Portiuncula (Our Lady of the Angels); Passage to the ; Settles herself at San Damiano. 1214 Sister Balvina, Clare's companion, founds a community of Damianites in Spello. 1215 Clare receives the title of ; 1216 She obtains the "privilege of most high poverty"from Innocent III. 1218-1219 Clare and her Sisters receive the of Cardinal Hugolino, along with the Rule of Saint Benedict; Foundations of Damianites at Siena, Lucca, and Florence, where Agnes, Clare's sister, becomes abbess; 1220 According to tradition, foundation at Rheims, the first in France. 1224 The beginning of Clare's illness, which will last until her death. 1227 The Pope confirms that the Sisters at San Damiano are to receive the help of the Friars Minor both spiritually and materially. 1228 The first community of Damianites in Spain in Pamplona; In Italy there are at least 24 communities; The Pope visits Clare in San Damiano and renews the privilege of 'Se- raphic Poverty'.

Page 36 Lesson Unit 0 - Introduction and Survey 1234 St. Agnes, daughter of the King of Bohemia, founds a convent in Prague and takes the veil there; Clare's first letter to Agnes. 1238 Foundation of Trnava, a convent of the Damianites in Slovakia. 1239 First foundation in Germany, in Ulm. 1240 The Saracens at San Damiano: miraculous protection of the community. 1241 June 22: through the intercessory prayers of the Sisters, the city of Assisi is liberated from the siege of the imperial armies. 1242 Blessed Cunegonda founds a monastery in Olomuc in Moravia. 1245 Blessed Salome founds a monastery in Zawichost in Poland. 1247 Rule of Pope Innocent IV; Association of the Damianites to the Franciscan Order; They abandon the Rule of St. Benedict. 1253 Fourth and last known of Clare's letters to Agnes of Prague; The Pope visits Clare and approves her Rule; August 11: Clare's death. At this date 150 monasteries were associated with her. 1253 November: death of St. Agnes of Assisi, Clare's sister. 1255 Canonisation of St. Clare; Celano composes her life-story. 1260 Clare's body and the San Damiano community are transferred to the present Monastery of Santa Chiara di Assisi. 1263 The Order of San Damiano adopts the name of the 'Order of St. Clare' (the Poor Clares); The Rule of Urban IV.

Page 37 Introduction and Survey - Lesson Unit 0 The World Renaissance of Urban Civilisation. 1189 After Saladin's conquest of Jerusalem, Philip Augustus, Frederick Barbarossa and Ri- chard the Lion-Heart launch the Third Crusade. 1189-1192 The Third Crusade. 1190-1197 Henry IV, Emperor. 1193-1194 Development of courtly literature. 1202-1204 The Fourth Crusade: the Crusaders stop at Constantinople, which they conquer and plunder (1203). 1209-1219 Crusade against the Albigensians (also known as the Cathars). 1210 At the University of Paris, the study of Aristotle is forbidden; The building of Rheims Cathedral begins. 1212 At Las Novas de Tolosa, a great victory for the Christians: half of Spain is reconquered from the Arabs. 1214 The victory of Philip Augustus at Bouvines. 1217-1219 The Fifth Crusade: Damietta, the key to Egypt, is captured (and lost again in 1221). 1220-1250 Reign of Frederick II, Emperor of Germany. 1224-1226 In Italy, conflict between the Guelfs, supporters of the Pope - and the Ghibellines, sup- porters of the Emperor. 1226-1270 St. Louis IX, King of France. 1227 Death of Genghis Khan. 1228-1229 Sixth Crusade: Frederick II negotiates with the Sultan, who yields Jerusalem. 1229 The end of the Albigensian Crusade by the Treaty of Paris. 1232 The construction of the Alhambra in Granada; Mongol raids in Central Europe. 1240 Death of Ibn'Arabi, Muslim mystic. 1244 Definitive loss of Jerusalem. 1248-1254 The Seventh Crusade: St. Louis in Egypt; In Spain, Seville is taken once again.

Page 38 Lesson Unit 0 - Introduction and Survey The Church The appearance of the Waldensians, the Cathars; and the Age of the Great Cathedrals. 1165 Public dispute between the Cathars and the Catholic Bishops at Lombes near Albi. 1179 Hildegard of Bingen † 1184 Pope Lucius III and Emperor Frederick I in Verona; condemnation of the Cathars and the Waldensians; Papal Bull 'Ad abolendam'. 1198 founds the for the ransom of prisoners. 1198-1216 The Pontificate of Innocent III; Development of the Hospitaler Orders, the Brethren of the Holy Spirit. 1206 St. Dominic (*1170) founds the first Dominican priory in Prouille, France; St. Dominic preaches in Albigensian territory. 1207 Elizabeth of Hungary is born. 1209 The of Jerusalem permits the hermits of Mount Carmel in Palestine to follow their rule of life: the Carmelite Rule. 1215 The Fourth Lateran Council undertakes the reform of the Church; To curb the prolif- eration of new forms of religious life, new rules are banned. 1216-1227 Pontificate of Pope Honorius III. 1217/1218 Birth of Bonaventure. 1218 Approval of the Order of St. Dominic (Order of Preachers). 1222 Dominic † 1223 The Order of the Servites of Mary is founded in Italy, for the purpose of education and preach- ing; Peter of Nolasco founds the Order of our Lady of Ransom for the ransom of captives. The founding of universities. St. Albert the Great OP, 1193-1280; St. Bonaventure OFM, 1221-1274, St. Thomas Aquinas OP, 1224-1274, taught theology in Paris. 1227-1241 The Pontificate of Pope Gregory IX (the former Cardinal Hugolino). 1229 The arrive in Europe. 1233 The first great beguinages in Flanders; the houses of the beguines (pious women dedi- cated to prayer and good works) are organised into parishes. 1234 The canonisation of St. Dominic. 1241 The Pontificate of Pope Celestine IV; followed by an eighteen-months'gap in Papal succession. 1243-1254 The Pontificate of Pope Innocent IV. 1245 The First Council of Lyons, which excommunicates the emperor Frederick II and con- cerns itself with the defence of Eastern Christians. Development of Gothic art.

Page 39 Introduction and Survey - Lesson Unit 0