Courier Forschungs-Institut Senckenberg, 171: 1 - 361, 151 Figs., 33 Tabs., 4 Pis.;

Frankfurt am Main, 1.05.1994

100 YEARS OF PITHECANTHROPUS

THE ERECTUS PROBLEM

Edited by

JENS LORENZ FRANZEN

Forschungsinstitut Senckenberg

Frankfurt am Main

Frankfurt am Main 1994 CONTENTS

Part 1: Introduction

Jens Lorenz Franzen:

The Problem 9 - 10

F. Clark Howell: Thoughts on Eugene Dubois and the "Pithecanthropus" Saga 11-20

Part 2: Homo erectus in Asia

Geoffrey G. Pope:

An Historical and Scientific Perspective on Paleoanthropological Research in the Far East...23 - 32

Peter Brown:

Cranial Vault Thickness in Asian Homo erectus and Homo sapiens 33 - 46

Harry Widianto, Anne-Marie Semah, Tony Djubiantono & Francois Semah: A Tentative Reconstruction of the Cranial Human Remains of Hanoman 1

from Bukuran, (Central Java) 47 - 59

Dominique Grimaud-Herve:

Evolution of the Javanese Hominid Brain 61 - 68

Grover S. Krantz:

The Palate of Sangiran 4 from Java 69 - 74

Frederick Edward Grine & Jens Lorenz Franzen:

Fossil Hominid Teeth from the Sangiran Dome (Java, Indonesia) 75 - 103

Andrew Kramer & Lyle W. Konigsberg:

The Phyletic Position of Sangiran 6 as Determined by Multivariate Analyses 105 - 114

Donald E. Tyler:

The Taxonomic Status of "Meganthropus" 115 - 121

Minoru Itihara, Naotune Watanabe, Darwin Kadar & Hisao Kumei: Quaternary Stratigraphy of the Hominid Fossil Bearing Formations in the

Sangiran Area, Central Java 123 - 128

John de Vos, Paul Y. Sondaar, G.D. van den Bergh & Fachroel Aziz: The Homo Bearing Deposits of Java and Its Ecological Context 129 - 140

Susan G. Keates: Archaeological Evidence of Hominid Behaviour in Pleistocene China

and Southeast Asia 141 - 150

Robin W. Dennell, H.M. Rendell, L. Hurcombe & EA. Hailwood: Archaeological Evidence for Hominids in Northern Pakistan

Before One MillionYears Ago 151 - 155 Part 3: Homo erectus in Africa

Bernard Wood:

Taxonomy and Evolutionary Relationships of Homo erectus. 159 - 165

Alan Walker: Early Homo From 1.8 -1.5 Million Year Deposits at Lake Turkana, Kenya 167-173

Barbara Brown:

Comparative Dental Anatomy of African Homo erectus 175 - 184

Ronald J. Clarke:

The Significance of the Swartkrans Homo to the Homo erectus Problem 185 - 193

Part 4: Homo erectus in Europe

Emiliano Aguirre:

Dating the Ibeas Humans: Attempts and Question Marks 197 - 204

Jose Maria Bermudez de Castro: Phylogenetic Analysis of the Atapuerca Hominids: the Dental

Evidence 205 - 211

Eugenia Cunha:

Witnesses for the Presence of Homo erectus in Portugal 213 - 217

Silvana Condemi & Francesco Mallegni:

The Oldest Human of Italy: Homo erectus or Archaic Homo sapiens! 219 - 223

Laszlo Kordos:

Revised Biostratigraphy of the Early Man Site at Verteszolos, Hungary 225 - 236

Maja Paunovic & Sanja Percac: Fossile Hominiden aus Kroatien. Evolutive Veranderungen in der Struktur der Unterkiefer 237 -239

Alan Turner: Evolution and Dispersion of Larger in Europe

During the Time Span of Homo erectus 241 - 247

Part 5: Varia

Fred Spoor & Frans Zonneveld:

The Bony Labyrinth in Homo erectus: A Preliminary Report 251 - 256

Herbert Ullrich:

Bone Modifications in Homo erectus Remains 257 - 266

Sigrid Hartwig-Scherer:

Body Weight Prediction in Fossil Homo 267 - 279

Pierre-Frangois Puech, Henri Albertini, Stella Puech & Frangois Cianfarani:

Dental Strategy and Teething Troubles in Homo erectus 281 - 288 Gerrit N. van Vark:

Multivariate Analysis: Is It Useful for Hominid Studies? 289 - 294

Alfred Czarnetzky: Morphological Variability of Homo erectus as an Indication of a Genetic

Predisposition of Phylogenetic Changes 295 - 298

Part 6: Conclusions

Giinter Brauer:

How Different are Asian and African Homo erectus? 301 - 318

G. Philip Rightmire:

The Relationship of Homo erectus to Later Middle Pleistocene Hominids 319 - 326

Grover S. Krantz:

A Reappraisal of Neandertal 327 - 331

Emiliano Aguirre:

Homo erectus and Homo sapiens: One or More Species? 333 - 339

Milford H. Wolpoff, Alan G. Thorne, Jan Jelinek & Zhang Yinyun.

The Case for Sinking Homo erectus. 100 Years of Pithecanthropus is Enough! 341 - 361