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Developing a Benchmarking Methodology for the Nigerian Transport Sector

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Developing a Benchmarking Methodology for the Nigerian Transport Sector Joyce .O. Onatere-Ubrurhe (1015205) PhD in Built Environment, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Wolverhampton. Developing a Benchmarking methodology for the Nigerian Transport Sector. DEVELOPING A BENCHMARKING METHODOLOGY FOR THE NIGERIAN TRANSPORT SECTOR JOYCE OGHENERUONA ONATERE-UBRURHE BSc, MSc. A THESIS SUBMITTED IN PARTIAL FULFILMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS OF THE UNIVERSITY OF WOLVERHAMPTON FOR THE DEGREE OF DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY JULY 2016 This work or any part thereof has not previously been presented in any form to the University or to any other body whether for the purposes of assessment, publication or for any other purpose (unless otherwise indicated). Save for any express acknowledgments, references and/or bibliographies cited in the work, I confirm that the intellectual content of the work is the result of my own efforts and of no other person. The right of Joyce .O. Onatere-Ubrurhe to be identified as author of this work is asserted in accordance with ss.77 and 78 of the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988. At this date, copyright is owned by the author. Signature: Joyce .O. Onatere-Ubrurhe Date: 26/07/2016 i Joyce .O. Onatere-Ubrurhe (1015205) PhD in Built Environment, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Wolverhampton. Developing a Benchmarking methodology for the Nigerian Transport Sector. ABSTRACT The Nigerian transport system has been facing challenges due to the imbalance in the transport system. Goods and passenger movements in Nigeria are performed mainly by road, with the railway and inland waterways playing significant, but less important roles. The dominance of road transport in Nigeria has placed obstacles in the way of economic development and has reduced the quality of life for citizens as the large number of vehicles required to meet demand causes congestion and parking issues and, in the main, citizens suffer with high levels of local associated pollution and low levels of security and safety. Decision-makers need support to make the right decisions. Precise and relevant information are required to give a clear overall view of the issues at stake and to monitor the benefits of implementing efficient public transport systems. This research has identified the need to develop an organized, effective and efficient transport system in Nigeria. Key Performance indicators were identified and developed for the Nigerian transport sector, which were used for the survey. A transport users’ survey was carried out in four cities (Lagos, Warri, Ughelli and Benin) in Nigeria, with 474 participants in total comprising both male and female between the age ranges of 20-70, the results of the survey was analysed and Lagos RII values were the lowest among the four cities falling below 0.60. However there is a similar case of low RII values between the four Cities, which was Security during evening/night and Accessibility during evening/night. The UK survey results was also analysed and the RII values were above 0.80 indicating a very high performance of the UK transport system. Data on highway robbery incidents in Nigeria was also collected and analysed and it was found out that there will be a continuous increase in highway robbery incidents in Nigeria if adequate security measures are not put in place. A Strategic Benchmarking was done between Nigeria and United Kingdom because the United Kingdom is a developed country with a more organized transport system compared to Nigeria hence it was seen as a best practice. Also the spearman’s rank correlation coefficient was done between the United Kingdom and Nigeria survey results and there was a perfect positive correlation (rs =1) for Motor parks/Bus stops/Stations and very strong positive correlation (rs = 0.9) for Vehicles. In other words Nigeria can adopt the United Kingdom public transport strategy into its transport system because it will have a very positive impact on the development of the Nigerian transport sector. Therefore, having identified the challenges of the Nigerian transport sector and possible solutions, a Strategic Action Plan has been proposed for the Nigerian transport sector to: assist policy makers in making decisions, assist security personnel in taking proactive measures against transport insecurity, enhance the overall performance of the transport system. ii Joyce .O. Onatere-Ubrurhe (1015205) PhD in Built Environment, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Wolverhampton. Developing a Benchmarking methodology for the Nigerian Transport Sector. DEDICATION I dedicate this thesis to the Almighty God who granted me the wisdom, favour, insight and enablement to embark upon and complete this PhD. iii Joyce .O. Onatere-Ubrurhe (1015205) PhD in Built Environment, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Wolverhampton. Developing a Benchmarking methodology for the Nigerian Transport Sector. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS First and foremost, my deepest gratitude goes to God Almighty for giving me the grace, strength and wisdom to undertake and complete this research even when it seems all hope was lost during troubled times. I thank my Director of Studies, Prof. Christropher Nwagboso for his guidance. I am also very thankful to my Second Supervisor, Dr. Panagiotis Georgakis for his thoughtful, relevant contributions and guidance. I am very grateful to my father Mr. Monday Onatere for his financial support and encouragement, undergoing a PhD programme as a fee- paying student is capital intensive and his financial assistance really helped this research. A special thanks to my wonderful and lovely baby boy Divine Ubrurhe, who was born during the period of this study, he has given me so much strength and inspiration to forge ahead and complete this research. I am also thankful to my loving husband Ochuko Ubrurhe for his encouragement. A special thanks to the staffs of the Faculty of Science and Engineering who assisted me in one way or the other. Finally, a very big thanks to all the respondents and the Federal Ministry of Transport (FMOT) in Nigeria. iv Joyce .O. Onatere-Ubrurhe (1015205) PhD in Built Environment, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Wolverhampton. Developing a Benchmarking methodology for the Nigerian Transport Sector. LIST OF PAPERS PUBLSHED IN ASSOCIATION WITH THIS THESIS Onatere, Joyce .O., Christopher Nwagboso and Panagiotis Georgakis. (2014). Performance Indicators for Rail Transport System in Nigeria. T&DI Congress 2014, pp.753-764. Paper presented at the T&DI Congress 2014, June 8th-11th, Orlando Florida, United States of America. Title: Planes, Trains and Automobiles: Connections to Future Developments. Organised by the Transport and development Institute (T&DI) of the American society of Civil Engineers (ASCE). Onatere, Joyce .O., Christopher Nwagboso and Panagiotis Georgakis. (2014). Performance Indicators for Urban transport development in Nigeria. WIT Transactions on The Built Environment, Vol. 138, 2014 WIT Press www.witpress.com, ISSN 1743-3509 (Online), pp.555-568. Paper presented at the Urban Transport Conference 2014, May 28th-30th , The Algarve Portugal. Title: Urban Transport and the Environment Organised by Wesssex Institute of Technology (WIT). Onatere-Ubrurhe, Joyce .O. (2015). Model Formulation for Predicting Future Highway Armed Robbery Incidents in Nigeria. Journal of Developing Country Studies, ISSN 2224-607X (Paper), ISSN 2225-0565 (Online), Vol. 5, No. 19, pp.78-81. Onatere-Ubrurhe, Joyce .O. (2016). Travel Without Fear: A Proposed Strategic Action Plan for Monitoring Road Transport Security in Nigeria. Journal of Developing Country Studies, ISSN 2224-607X (Paper), ISSN 2225-0565 (Online), Vol. 6, No. 1, pp.124-130. Onatere-Ubrurhe, Joyce .O., Christopher Nwagboso and Panagiotis Georgakis. (2016). Benchmarking Users’ Satisfaction with Public Transport Services in Nigeria. Journal of Economics and Sustainable Development, ISSN 2222-1700 (Paper), ISSN 2222-2855 (Online), Vol. 7, No.10, pp.161-168. v Joyce .O. Onatere-Ubrurhe (1015205) PhD in Built Environment, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Wolverhampton. Developing a Benchmarking methodology for the Nigerian Transport Sector. TABLE OF CONTENTS ABSTRACT ................................................................................ ii DEDICATION........................................................................... iii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ..................................................... iv LIST OF PAPERS PUBLSHED IN ASSOCIATION WITH THIS THESIS............................................................................. v CHAPTER 1 – BACKGROUND OF RESEARCH ............... 1 1.0. INTRODUCTION .............................................................. 1 1.1. ROLES OF TRANSPORTATION IN THE SOCIETY . 1 1.1.1. Economic Role of Transportation ................................................................................ 1 1.1.2. Social Role of Transportation ........................................................................................ 2 1.1.3. Political Role of Transportation .................................................................................... 3 1.1.4. Environmental Role of Transportation ....................................................................... 3 1.1.4.1. Safety ............................................................................................................................ 3 1.1.4.2. Air Pollution ............................................................................................................... 4 1.1.4.3. Noise Pollution
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