DOCSLIB.ORG

Developing a Benchmarking Methodology for the Nigerian Transport Sector

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text

Load more

Joyce .O. Onatere-Ubrurhe (1015205) PhD in Built Environment, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Wolverhampton. Developing a Benchmarking methodology for the Nigerian Transport Sector. DEVELOPING A BENCHMARKING METHODOLOGY FOR THE NIGERIAN TRANSPORT SECTOR JOYCE OGHENERUONA ONATERE-UBRURHE BSc, MSc. A THESIS SUBMITTED IN PARTIAL FULFILMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS OF THE UNIVERSITY OF WOLVERHAMPTON FOR THE DEGREE OF DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY JULY 2016 This work or any part thereof has not previously been presented in any form to the University or to any other body whether for the purposes of assessment, publication or for any other purpose (unless otherwise indicated). Save for any express acknowledgments, references and/or bibliographies cited in the work, I confirm that the intellectual content of the work is the result of my own efforts and of no other person. The right of Joyce .O. Onatere-Ubrurhe to be identified as author of this work is asserted in accordance with ss.77 and 78 of the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988. At this date, copyright is owned by the author. Signature: Joyce .O. Onatere-Ubrurhe Date: 26/07/2016 i Joyce .O. Onatere-Ubrurhe (1015205) PhD in Built Environment, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Wolverhampton. Developing a Benchmarking methodology for the Nigerian Transport Sector. ABSTRACT The Nigerian transport system has been facing challenges due to the imbalance in the transport system. Goods and passenger movements in Nigeria are performed mainly by road, with the railway and inland waterways playing significant, but less important roles. The dominance of road transport in Nigeria has placed obstacles in the way of economic development and has reduced the quality of life for citizens as the large number of vehicles required to meet demand causes congestion and parking issues and, in the main, citizens suffer with high levels of local associated pollution and low levels of security and safety. Decision-makers need support to make the right decisions. Precise and relevant information are required to give a clear overall view of the issues at stake and to monitor the benefits of implementing efficient public transport systems. This research has identified the need to develop an organized, effective and efficient transport system in Nigeria. Key Performance indicators were identified and developed for the Nigerian transport sector, which were used for the survey. A transport users’ survey was carried out in four cities (Lagos, Warri, Ughelli and Benin) in Nigeria, with 474 participants in total comprising both male and female between the age ranges of 20-70, the results of the survey was analysed and Lagos RII values were the lowest among the four cities falling below 0.60. However there is a similar case of low RII values between the four Cities, which was Security during evening/night and Accessibility during evening/night. The UK survey results was also analysed and the RII values were above 0.80 indicating a very high performance of the UK transport system. Data on highway robbery incidents in Nigeria was also collected and analysed and it was found out that there will be a continuous increase in highway robbery incidents in Nigeria if adequate security measures are not put in place. A Strategic Benchmarking was done between Nigeria and United Kingdom because the United Kingdom is a developed country with a more organized transport system compared to Nigeria hence it was seen as a best practice. Also the spearman’s rank correlation coefficient was done between the United Kingdom and Nigeria survey results and there was a perfect positive correlation (rs =1) for Motor parks/Bus stops/Stations and very strong positive correlation (rs = 0.9) for Vehicles. In other words Nigeria can adopt the United Kingdom public transport strategy into its transport system because it will have a very positive impact on the development of the Nigerian transport sector. Therefore, having identified the challenges of the Nigerian transport sector and possible solutions, a Strategic Action Plan has been proposed for the Nigerian transport sector to: assist policy makers in making decisions, assist security personnel in taking proactive measures against transport insecurity, enhance the overall performance of the transport system. ii Joyce .O. Onatere-Ubrurhe (1015205) PhD in Built Environment, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Wolverhampton. Developing a Benchmarking methodology for the Nigerian Transport Sector. DEDICATION I dedicate this thesis to the Almighty God who granted me the wisdom, favour, insight and enablement to embark upon and complete this PhD. iii Joyce .O. Onatere-Ubrurhe (1015205) PhD in Built Environment, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Wolverhampton. Developing a Benchmarking methodology for the Nigerian Transport Sector. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS First and foremost, my deepest gratitude goes to God Almighty for giving me the grace, strength and wisdom to undertake and complete this research even when it seems all hope was lost during troubled times. I thank my Director of Studies, Prof. Christropher Nwagboso for his guidance. I am also very thankful to my Second Supervisor, Dr. Panagiotis Georgakis for his thoughtful, relevant contributions and guidance. I am very grateful to my father Mr. Monday Onatere for his financial support and encouragement, undergoing a PhD programme as a fee- paying student is capital intensive and his financial assistance really helped this research. A special thanks to my wonderful and lovely baby boy Divine Ubrurhe, who was born during the period of this study, he has given me so much strength and inspiration to forge ahead and complete this research. I am also thankful to my loving husband Ochuko Ubrurhe for his encouragement. A special thanks to the staffs of the Faculty of Science and Engineering who assisted me in one way or the other. Finally, a very big thanks to all the respondents and the Federal Ministry of Transport (FMOT) in Nigeria. iv Joyce .O. Onatere-Ubrurhe (1015205) PhD in Built Environment, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Wolverhampton. Developing a Benchmarking methodology for the Nigerian Transport Sector. LIST OF PAPERS PUBLSHED IN ASSOCIATION WITH THIS THESIS Onatere, Joyce .O., Christopher Nwagboso and Panagiotis Georgakis. (2014). Performance Indicators for Rail Transport System in Nigeria. T&DI Congress 2014, pp.753-764. Paper presented at the T&DI Congress 2014, June 8th-11th, Orlando Florida, United States of America. Title: Planes, Trains and Automobiles: Connections to Future Developments. Organised by the Transport and development Institute (T&DI) of the American society of Civil Engineers (ASCE). Onatere, Joyce .O., Christopher Nwagboso and Panagiotis Georgakis. (2014). Performance Indicators for Urban transport development in Nigeria. WIT Transactions on The Built Environment, Vol. 138, 2014 WIT Press www.witpress.com, ISSN 1743-3509 (Online), pp.555-568. Paper presented at the Urban Transport Conference 2014, May 28th-30th , The Algarve Portugal. Title: Urban Transport and the Environment Organised by Wesssex Institute of Technology (WIT). Onatere-Ubrurhe, Joyce .O. (2015). Model Formulation for Predicting Future Highway Armed Robbery Incidents in Nigeria. Journal of Developing Country Studies, ISSN 2224-607X (Paper), ISSN 2225-0565 (Online), Vol. 5, No. 19, pp.78-81. Onatere-Ubrurhe, Joyce .O. (2016). Travel Without Fear: A Proposed Strategic Action Plan for Monitoring Road Transport Security in Nigeria. Journal of Developing Country Studies, ISSN 2224-607X (Paper), ISSN 2225-0565 (Online), Vol. 6, No. 1, pp.124-130. Onatere-Ubrurhe, Joyce .O., Christopher Nwagboso and Panagiotis Georgakis. (2016). Benchmarking Users’ Satisfaction with Public Transport Services in Nigeria. Journal of Economics and Sustainable Development, ISSN 2222-1700 (Paper), ISSN 2222-2855 (Online), Vol. 7, No.10, pp.161-168. v Joyce .O. Onatere-Ubrurhe (1015205) PhD in Built Environment, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Wolverhampton. Developing a Benchmarking methodology for the Nigerian Transport Sector. TABLE OF CONTENTS ABSTRACT ................................................................................ ii DEDICATION........................................................................... iii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ..................................................... iv LIST OF PAPERS PUBLSHED IN ASSOCIATION WITH THIS THESIS............................................................................. v CHAPTER 1 – BACKGROUND OF RESEARCH ............... 1 1.0. INTRODUCTION .............................................................. 1 1.1. ROLES OF TRANSPORTATION IN THE SOCIETY . 1 1.1.1. Economic Role of Transportation ................................................................................ 1 1.1.2. Social Role of Transportation ........................................................................................ 2 1.1.3. Political Role of Transportation .................................................................................... 3 1.1.4. Environmental Role of Transportation ....................................................................... 3 1.1.4.1. Safety ............................................................................................................................ 3 1.1.4.2. Air Pollution ............................................................................................................... 4 1.1.4.3. Noise Pollution
Recommended publications
  • No. 14 LAGOS- 7Thmarch,1963 Vol. 50

    No. 14 LAGOS- 7Thmarch,1963 Vol. 50

    Ed mG i fe a Giooh te No. 14 LAGOS- 7th March,1963 Vol. 50 ‘CONTENTS we. / Page . Page Movethents of Officers - 270-7 Disposal of Unclaimed Firearms i .. 283 Appointment of Acting Chief Justice of the : 3 " Treasury Statements Nos..3-5 . 284-8 : Federation of Nigeria .. 277- List of Registered Contractors—Building, Probate Notice : 278 CivilEngineering and Electrical * 289-319 Delegation of Powers Notice, 1963 .. .. 279 List of Registered Chemists and Druggists 320-29 Grantof PioneerCertificate .. | 279 Paim Oil and Palm Kernels Purchasesiin the Federation of Nigeria 329 Appointment of Parliamentary Secretary 279 Awards for Undergraduate Studies and . Ministry of Communications Notices +279 Technical Training, 1963 .. .. 329-31 Loss ofLocal Purchase Orders,etc. 279-81 University of Nigeria—Applications for ss Admission 1963-4 . 331 Cancellation of Certificate of Registration of Trade Unions. 281 Tenders . tees . «. 332-3 Licensed Commercial Banks’ Analysisof . “Vacancies «» 333-9 Loans and Advances . 281 UNESCO Vacancies .. oe «awe 83339 Lagos Consumer Price Index—Lower Income Group - -. 281 -3 Board of Customs and Excise Sales Notices 339-40 Lagos Consumer Price Index—Middle . ' Application to operate ScheduledAir Services Income Group* . 282 340 ~ ‘Training of Nigerians as Commercial Pilots 282 Inpex To Lecan Notices n SUPPLEMENT ‘Teachers’ Grade III Certificate Examination, . 1956—-Supplementary Pass List -. 283 LN. No. Short Title Page Teachers’ Grade .II Certificate Examination, 983 - 27 Tin (Research tevy) Regulations, -1956—Supplementary Pass List — , : 1963 . os -- B73 270 (OFFICIAL ‘GAZETTE No. 14, Vol. 50 Guzernment Notice No, 429 + ~ NEW APPOINTMENTS AND OTHER STAFF CHANGES The following are notified for general information :— NEWAPPOINTMENTS Tv Depariment Name Appointment Date of Date of, Appointment Arrival Administration Adelaja, A.
  • The Impact of Transportation Infrastructure on Nigeria's Economic Developmeny

    The Impact of Transportation Infrastructure on Nigeria's Economic Developmeny

    Walden University ScholarWorks Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies Collection 2016 The mpI act of Transportation Infrastructure on Nigeria's Economic Developmeny William A. Agbigbe Walden University Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations Part of the Business Administration, Management, and Operations Commons, Databases and Information Systems Commons, and the Management Sciences and Quantitative Methods Commons This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies Collection at ScholarWorks. It has been accepted for inclusion in Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies by an authorized administrator of ScholarWorks. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Walden University College of Management and Technology This is to certify that the doctoral dissertation by William A. Agbigbe Sr. has been found to be complete and satisfactory in all respects, and that any and all revisions required by the review committee have been made. Review Committee Dr. Robert DeYoung, Committee Chairperson, Management Faculty Dr. Godwin Igein, Committee Member, Management Faculty Dr. Salvatore Sinatra, University Reviewer, Management Faculty Chief Academic Officer Eric Riedel, Ph.D. Walden University 2016 Abstract The Impact of Transportation Infrastructure on Nigeria’s Economic Development by William A. Agbigbe, Sr. MA, Southern Illinois University, 1981 BSBA, University of Missouri, 1976 Dissertation Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy Management Walden University August 2016 Abstract The United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) described Nigeria’s road networks as one of the poorest and deadliest transportation infrastructural systems in the world.
  • Armed Conflicts

    Armed Conflicts

    Map 22 1 . 1. Armed conicts Ukraine Turkey Syria Palestine Afghanistan Iraq Israel Algeria Pakistan Libya Egypt India Myanmar Mali Niger Chad Sudan Thailand Yemen Burkina Philippines Faso Nigeria South Ethiopia CAR Sudan Colombia Somalia Cameroon DRC Burundi Countries with armed conflicts End2018 of armed conflict in Alert 2019 1. Armed conflicts • 34 armed conflicts were reported in 2018, 33 of them remained active at end of the year. Most of the conflicts occurred in Africa (16), followed by Asia (nine), the Middle East (six), Europe (two) and America (one). • The violence affecting Cameroon’s English-speaking majority regions since 2016 escalated during the year, becoming a war scenario with serious consequences for the civilian population. • In an atmosphere characterised by systematic ceasefire violations and the imposition of international sanctions, South Sudan reached a new peace agreement, though there was scepticism about its viability. • The increase and spread of violence in the CAR plunged it into the third most serious humanitarian crisis in the world, according to the United Nations. • The situation in Colombia deteriorated as a result of the fragility of the peace process and the finalisation of the ceasefire agreement between the government and the ELN guerrilla group. • High-intensity violence persisted in Afghanistan, but significant progress was made in the exploratory peace process. • The levels of violence in southern Thailand were the lowest since the conflict began in 2004. • There were less deaths linked to the conflict with the PKK in Turkey, but repression continued against Kurdish civilians and the risk of destabilisation grew due to the repercussions of the conflict in Syria.
  • ORGANISING INFORMAL TRANSPORT WORKERS The

    ORGANISING INFORMAL TRANSPORT WORKERS The

    ORGANISING INFORMAL TRANSPORT WORKERS The Informal Economy and the Unionisation of Motorcycle Taxi Drivers in Benin Researcher: Moussa Gibigaye, Researcher (LARES) ITF global research project: Organising informal transport workers This country case study forms part of a global re - For the case studies, the ITF identified three affiliated search project on organising informal transport work - unions. The unions selected are from countries where ers. In 2005, this project was initiated by the ITF informal jobs outnumber those in the formal econ - Education Department in cooperation with the ITF omy, in Asia and Africa. We appointed research organi- Road Transport Section. The overall objective of the sations from those countries to conduct the research. project was to provide transport workers’ unions or - A research co-ordinator based in South Africa was ganising, or wishing to organise, informal transport appointed to produce the overview. workers with a comprehensive guide and reference. The research aims were to: document, analyse and synthesise the organising experiences, strategies and methods of unions or - ganising informal transport workers through three detailed country case studies; identify the forms and extent of informal transport work; including identifying informal women transport workers; summarise issues concerning organising in the in - formal economy and their relevance to transport unions; formulate proposals for consideration by ITF pol - icy-making structures; provide materials for use in planning education
  • Role of Transportation and Marketing in Enhancing Agricultural Production in Ikwo Local Government Area of Ebonyi State, Nigeria

    Role of Transportation and Marketing in Enhancing Agricultural Production in Ikwo Local Government Area of Ebonyi State, Nigeria

    Sustainability, Agri, Food and Environmental Research, (ISSN: 0719-3726), 6(4), 2018: 22-39 22 http://dx.doi.org/10.7770/safer-V0N0-art1353 ROLE OF TRANSPORTATION AND MARKETING IN ENHANCING AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTION IN IKWO LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREA OF EBONYI STATE, NIGERIA. ROL DEL TRANSPORTE Y MERCADO EN ESTIMULACIÓN DE LA PRODUCCIÓN AGRICOLA EN EL GOBIERNO LOCAL DEL AREA DEL ESTADO DE EBONYI, NIGERIA. Ume Smiles Ifeanyichukwu*, K.O. knadosie, C Kadurumba Agricultural Extension and Management.Federal College of Agriculture Ishiagu, Ebonyi State, Nigeria. Department of Agricultural Economics and Extension, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka, Anambra State, Nigeria. * Corresponding Author; [email protected] ABSTRACT Role of transport and marketing in enhancing agricultural production in Ikwo Local Government Area of Ebonyi State, Nigeria was studied. A multi stage sampling procedure was used to select 300 respondents for the detailed study. A structured questionnaire was used to elicit information from the respondents. Data collected were analyzed using of chi-square. The results show that head carrying, use of wheel barrows, bicycles, motor van, keke, donkeys, and motor cycles were various traditional modes of transportation for inter local transport of agricultural products. Furthermore, the result reveals that producers, retailers, consumers, wholesalers and processors were the marketing channels in the study area. Additionally, transportation and marketing have greatly enhanced the growth of agricultural production in the study area, despite existing problems such as bad roads, high cost of transport, few vehicles, poor drainage channels, culverts, few bridges and poverty. Also, the solutions to the identified problems were giving out loans to farmers, construction and repairs of roads, use of rail, mass transit, encouraging farmers’ cooperative societies and processing centres.
  • The Third Wave of Historical Scholarship on Nigeria

    The Third Wave of Historical Scholarship on Nigeria

    CHAPTER ONE THE THIRD WAVE OF HISTORICAL SCHOLARSHIP ON NIGERIA SAHEED ADERINTO AND PAUL OSIFODUNRIN The significant place of Nigeria in Africanist studies is indisputable— it is one of the birthplaces of academic historical research on Africa. Nigeria is also one of the most studied countries in Africa.1 Academic writings on the country date back to the 1950s when scholars at the University College Ibadan (later the University of Ibadan) launched serious investigations into the nation’s precolonial and colonial past. The ideology of this first wave of academic history was well laid out—guarded and propagated from the 1950s through the 1970s. Scholars were convinced that research into the precolonial histories of state and empire formation and the sophistication of political structures before the advent of imperialism would supply the evidence needed to counteract the notion— obnoxious to Africans—that they needed external political overlords because of their inability to govern themselves. Historical research was therefore pivoted toward restoring Nigerian peoples into history. This brand of academic tradition, widely called “nationalist historiography,” supplied the much needed ideological tools for decolonization through its deployment of oral history, archaeology, and linguistic evidence. But like any school of thought, nationalist historiography had to adapt to new ideas and respond to changing events; unfortunately its failure to reshape its research agenda and inability to reinvent itself, coupled with several developments outside academia, made it an anachronism and set in motion its demise from the 1980s or earlier.2 However, the story of nationalist historiography transcends its “rise” and “fall.” Indeed, without nationalist historiography, historical research Copyright © 2012.
  • The Impact of Transportation on Economic Development in Nigeria

    The Impact of Transportation on Economic Development in Nigeria

    International Journal of Contemporary Applied Researches Vol. 5, No. 8, August 2018 (ISSN: 2308-1365) www.ijcar.net THE IMPACT OF TRANSPORTATION ON ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT IN NIGERIA ADEYI EMMANUEL OLA (PhD) Department of Economics, Gombe State University, Gombe State, Nigeria Abstract The link between transport and economic development has been debated over many years, but we still lack a generally applicable and clear relationship which can be use universally. Despite this, there is a popular view that transport is not only necessary for economic growth and development to take place; it is the major instigator of such growth and development. Since the desire of every nation including Nigeria is the attainment of economic growth and development. This paper examines the linkage between transportation and economic development. It also examined the supply and demand for transport and then described the foundations of the possible linkage between transport and economic development from historical and contemporary perspectives. The study used both theoretical models as econometrics model as the data were soured from secondary sources to examine the impact of transportation on economic development. The paper observes that there is positive relationship between transportation and economic development. The study thereby recommends that there should be positive necessary market conditions as well as complementing and supportive policies well designed and enforced by the transport policymakers and government in addition to provision of necessary infrastructure facilities Keywords: Transportation, Economic Development, Labour productivity. Ordinary Least Square’ Transport supply and demand 140 International Journal of Contemporary Applied Researches Vol. 5, No. 8, August 2018 (ISSN: 2308-1365) www.ijcar.net 1.0 INTRODUCTION It is widely acknowledged that transport has crucial roles to play in economic development.
  • Central African Region Comprises Sâo Tomé and Principe and the Forests

    Central African Region Comprises Sâo Tomé and Principe and the Forests

    R EGIONAL PROFILE C ENTRAL A FRICA The Central African Region comprises Sâo Tomé and Principe and the forests. Both conservation and regulated use of these resources is six members of the Central African Economic Community (CEMAC): essential to help alleviate poverty. For example, wood represents 40% Cameroon, Central African Republic, Chad, Congo Brazzaville, Equatorial of the regional non-oil exports. Guinea, and Gabon. CEMAC is a monetary and customs union that aims at further regional National programmes integration. All seven Central African countries also belong to the Economic Community of Central African States (CEEAC), which hosts All countries have finalised and signed 9th EDF National Indicative four additional neighbouring states and is one of the regional building Programmes. Preparation for individual actions is underway from the blocks, recognised by the AU. total budget of €592 Mio. Taken together, the seven countries cover an enormous geographical About half (52%) of the 9th EDF national funding is directed towards the area – some 14% of the total area of sub-Saharan Africa. However, their transport sector to complete national road networks as well as the key population of 30 million people represents just 5% of the sub- regional artery. Transport is a key sector of intervention in all countries continent’s population. The countries differ in size, population, economic but Equatorial Guinea. One fifth of the assistance (21%) will be in the prosperity, poverty levels, and resource base – five are oil producers and form of macroeconomic support to Cameroon, Chad and Central African two are not. Two of the countries are landlocked.
  • Role of the National Shippers' Council in the Development of Maritime Transport in Benin

    Role of the National Shippers' Council in the Development of Maritime Transport in Benin

    World Maritime University The Maritime Commons: Digital Repository of the World Maritime University World Maritime University Dissertations Dissertations 1988 Role of the national shippers' council in the development of maritime transport in Benin Mifoutaou Salihou WMU Follow this and additional works at: https://commons.wmu.se/all_dissertations Recommended Citation Salihou, Mifoutaou, "Role of the national shippers' council in the development of maritime transport in Benin" (1988). World Maritime University Dissertations. 839. https://commons.wmu.se/all_dissertations/839 This Dissertation is brought to you courtesy of Maritime Commons. Open Access items may be downloaded for non- commercial, fair use academic purposes. No items may be hosted on another server or web site without express written permission from the World Maritime University. For more information, please contact [email protected]. f^ORLD MARI TIME UMIi^ERSirV MALMOE-SMEDEN f^ojL-E: of=~ -the: /v/v^ ~tj: c7/v>^ sf-/jc eeeee C:OLJi>^Cj:L. jri\/ Tf~tE C>E<<^Ei_ OE/YfE/\J E OE M^AFRUTJOi^E EE^fy/EEOE IT JIi>J BE/^EL i>J ^ By: /ilfout^ou SALIMOU DECEMBER iPBS WORLD MARITIME UNIVERSITY MALMOE-SWEDEN role: or the: matxoisial shxf»f*ers' COUMCXL XM THE OEVELORMEHT OE MARXTXME TRAMSRORT XN BEMXM BY Mifoutaou SALIHOU BENIN A paper submitted to the faculty University in a partial satisfaction of the requirements for the award of a : MASTER OE SCXEMCE DEGREE XINI GEIMERAL MARXTXME A DM X M X ST R AT X OIM Paper directed and assessed bys Rector of World Maritime University Co-assessed by:Mr Lars KRITZ Director of the Swedish Federation of Industry DATE The contents of this psper reflect my personeJ vleufs end ere not necesserJy endorsed by the University.
  • Annex 1 Benin

    Annex 1 Benin

    ANNEX 1 BENIN Benin WT/TPR/S/236/BEN Page 73 CONTENTS Page I. ECONOMIC ENVIRONMENT 77 (1) MAIN FEATURES 77 (2) RECENT ECONOMIC TRENDS 79 (3) TRENDS IN TRADE AND INVESTMENT 82 (i) Trade in goods and services 82 (ii) Foreign direct investment 82 (4) OUTLOOK 83 II. TRADE AND INVESTMENT REGIMES 86 (1) EXECUTIVE, LEGISLATURE AND JUDICIARY 86 (2) TRADE POLICY FRAMEWORK 88 (i) Institutional framework 88 (ii) Broad outlines of trade policy 89 (3) CONSULTATION BETWEEN THE GOVERNMENT AND THE PRIVATE SECTOR 89 (4) INVESTMENT REGIME 90 (i) Legislation 90 (ii) Institutional framework 92 (iii) Settlement of investment-related disputes 93 (5) INDUSTRIAL FREE ZONE REGIME 93 III. TRADE POLICIES AND PRACTICES BY MEASURE 95 (1) INTRODUCTION 95 (2) MEASURES DIRECTLY AFFECTING IMPORTS 96 (i) Registration 96 (ii) Customs procedures 96 (iii) Preshipment inspection and customs valuation 97 (iv) Rules of origin 98 (v) Customs levies 99 (vi) Prohibitions, quantitative restrictions and licensing 103 (vii) Standards, technical regulations and accreditation procedures 105 (viii) Sanitary and phytosanitary measures 106 (ix) Packaging, marking and labelling requirements 108 (x) Contingency measures 109 (xi) Other measures 109 (3) MEASURES DIRECTLY AFFECTING EXPORTS 109 (i) Registration and customs procedures 109 (ii) Goods in transit 110 (iii) Export prohibitions and controls 111 (iv) Export subsidies and promotion 111 (4) MEASURES AFFECTING PRODUCTION AND TRADE 112 (i) Incentives 112 (ii) Competition and price control regime 112 (iii) State trading, State-owned enterprises and privatization 113 (iv) Government procurement 115 (v) Protection of intellectual property rights 116 WT/TPR/S/236/BEN Trade Policy Review Page 74 Page IV.
  • Analysis of the Contributions of Transport Sectortoeconomic Growth in Nigeria

    Analysis of the Contributions of Transport Sectortoeconomic Growth in Nigeria

    IOSR Journal of Economics and Finance (IOSR-JEF) e-ISSN: 2321-5933, p-ISSN: 2321-5925.Volume 11, Issue 6 Ser. III (Nov. –Dec. 2020), PP 18- 35www.iosrjournals.org ANALYSIS OF THE CONTRIBUTIONS OF TRANSPORT SECTORTOECONOMIC GROWTH IN NIGERIA *OCHEI, Monday Chi, **MAMUDU, Zebedee Udo *Department of Economics, Faculty of Social Sciences, Ambrose Alli University, Ekpoma, Edo State, Nigeria. **Department of Economics, Faculty of Social Sciences, Ambrose Alli University, Ekpoma, Edo State, Nigeria. Abstract This paper empirically examined the contributions of transport sectorto Economic Growth in Nigeriawith the application of the Phillips-Perron test statistics, Johansen Cointegration techniques, Pairwise Granger Causality techniques and the error correction mechanism on a multiple log linear regression framework.The annual time series data from 1981 to 2019 on economic growth(Real gross domestic product (RGDP) and transportation variables (Road transport (RDTP), Rail transport and pipelines (RLTP), Water transport (WRTP), Air transport (ARTP), Transport services (TPSS) and Post and courier services (PTCS)were sourced from Central Bank of Nigeria Statistical Bulletin (2019).The results of the Phillips-Perron test statistics showed that all the variables (RGDP, RDTP, RLTP, ARTP and PTCS) were stationary at first difference I(1) except WRTP and TPSS which were stationary at level I(0), while the Johansen unrestricted cointegration rank test results showed the existence of a unique long run relationship between RDTP, RLTP, WRTP, ARTP, TPSS and PTCS, as both Trace and Max-Eigen statistics revealed twocointegrating equations respectively. The short run error correction mechanism results showed that the entire explanatory economic and transportation variables in the estimation met their expected signs except WRTPand TPSS.
  • 2.3 Benin Road Network

    2.3 Benin Road Network

    2.3 Benin Road Network Distance Matrix Road Security Weighbridges and Axle Load Limits Road transport is the main mode of transport in Benin, and Benin’s geographical position makes it a main corridor to other West African countries (including Niger and Burkina Faso). The Ministry of Transport indicated that the national road network included about 16,000 km in the country. The transport department indicated that over the last 15 years there had been approximately a 10-11% increase per year of traffic on asphalted roads and about 6-7% on non-asphalted roads. Approximately 11% of the primary roads in Benin are asphalted or paved. The paved stretch can be mostly found in the southern region (Zou, Littoral and Plateau) and the principal towns. On the primary roads, the toll gates fees are applied and vary progressively from 150 XOF to 500 XOF. Secondary roads make up around 33% and consist of lateral and gravel roads. There are different construction projects that the government intends to launch with the support of development partners. The road projects contain a portfolio of 29 priorities for rehabilitation, modernisation and extensions of the road network in the period 2016-2021, and the constructions of Hilaconji / Sanvéecondji Juxtaposed Control Stations for the period of 2016-2018 (Source: Ministry of Public Works and Transport website). During the rainy season from mid-September to mid-November, muddy roads often become impassable. Transporters are forced to deploy accommodated lighter trucks with 4-wheel drive. Full spare tires and other useful safety equipments are required. Most of the rural roads require other types of lighter vehicles (moto tricycles and 2-wheels are often used).