A Star Gives Light: Seventh-Day Adventist African-American Heritage

A Star gives Light

Seventh-day Adventist African-American Heritage BX I16128.9 .5+28 Teacher's Resource Guide 33/s I ASTR Research Center Library General Conference of Seventh-day Adventists A Star gives Light I

Seventh-day Adventist African-American Heritage

Teacher's Resource Guide

Produced under the auspices of the Office of Education Southern Union Conference of Seventh-day Adventists Decatur, GA 30032 11 Co-sponsored by the North American Division Office of Education General Conference of Seventh-day Adventists Silver Spring, MD 20904

Co-sponsored by the North American Division I Office of Education General Conference of Seventh-day Adventists Silver Spring, MD 20904 I Printed in U. S. A. by National Graphics Decatur, GA 30033

I Permission granted by Review & Herald Publishing Association for use of the MORNING STAR picture by Vernon Nye. I Permission granted by Harold L. Anthony for use of the Pine Forge Academy song. I Photographic Services: • Oakwood College Library and Archives Nathaniel G. Higgs, R. Steven Norman, III Regional Conferences I

Graphic Design, Typesetting, and Layout: • Gary L. Ivey, Studio IV I

Every effort has been made to ensure that all materials, photos and illustrations used in this book not otherwise credited are not under copyright. I

No portion of this book may be reproduced by any method without I written permission from the publisher.

Cover: Reproduced from a painting of the "Morning Star" I on the Mississippi by Vernon Nye. I

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—Dedicated—

To my grand nephew, Matthew Michael Hunt, a fifth-generation Seventh-day Adventist, with the hope I and desire that as he reads and studies this book he will acquire a greater knowledge of his religious and

spiritual roots and of how God leads His chosen ones. I Norwida A. Marshall I

Acknowledgement8

he editors acknowledge with willingly sharing his wealth of gagratitude the contributions of the knowledge and expertise in the history following organizations and of Black Adventism. Elders E. C. I individuals who helped to make this Ward and I. J. Johnson also shared their project possible: historical perspectives to various The administrative officers of the sections. A special thanks to Elder Southern Union Conference of Ward for his gracious hospitality and I Seventh-day Adventists for their moral his readiness to assist the committee; and financial support—Elder A. C. and the many individuals who provided I McClure, president; Elder Ward vital information for the project. Dr. Sumpter, secretary; Elder Richard Jannith Lewis, head librarian at Center, treasurer; Lee Beers, Oakwood College, and her capable and undertreasurer; Elder D. K. Griffith, cooperative staff. Also Mrs. Minneola former director of education; and Elder Williams of the Oakwood College Jim Epperson, director of education. Library archives. The former archivist, I The North American Division office Mrs. Clara Rock, assisted in clarifying of Education for encouragement and some information for us. Dr. Clarence I financial support--Elder Fred Stephan, Barnes of the history department, former director, and Dr. Gil Plubell, Oakwood College. director. Finally, this work could not have The presidents of the Regional materialized without God's help and I conferences who submitted requested guidance. From its very inception, information. Alberta Oliver, Robert there have been evidences of his DuBose and Joyce So'Brien, former intervention. Now that it has been members of the project committee. completed, our hearts ascend in We express special appreciation to thankful praise to Him for what He has the following: Elder C. E. Dudley for done.

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I o Meet The fclitor8 I Norwida A. Marshall, Ed. D. College, which resulted in a $60,000 federal I Norwida A. Marshall, a third generation grant for the department of education; creator Seventh-day Adventist, and a native of and editor of a journal for Home and School Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, is the associate leaders in the Southern Union, which was • director of education for the Southern Union adopted by the North American Division, and Conference of Seventh-day Adventists. She is in the archives of I is the first Black and first woman to hold this the General Con- position. Prior to this she served at Oakwood ference of Seventh- College, Huntsville, Alabama, as dean of day Adventists; I women and associate professor of education editor of a 60-page in charge of training and supervising teacher's guide for I preservice teachers in elementary education. mission geography Dr. Marshall's territory includes eight currently being southeastern states--Alabama, Florida, implemented in I Georgia, Kentucky, Mississippi, North Caro- schools in the North lina, South Carolina and Tennessee--in which American Division; there are over 190 SDA schools with developed and I approximately 8,400 students and 512 organized a reading teachers. Her duties and responsibilities management system I include curriculum development, and teacher for the Seventh-day Adventist Life Reading and school evaluation. Her primary Series known as the Adventist Reading responsibility is the K-8 program. Management System (ARMS), which is • Voted Outstanding Educator of America, being used throughout the North American Dr. Marshall brings to this work impressive Division; and several other educational I credentials in the fields of both teaching and documents including teacher aide guidelines writing. In addition to teaching at Oakwood adopted for use by the Southern Union College, she has taught at Alabama A & M Conference. Dr. Marshall holds member- I University, Southern College, Collegedale, ships in professional organizations such as Tennessee, and Andrews University, Berrien Association of Supervision and Curriculum I Springs, Michigan, where she is an adjunct Development, National Association for the professor of education. Her writing Education of Young Children, International accomplishments include the following: A Reading Association, National Association of I proposal for a special reading program for Female Executives and Association of elementary preservice teachers at Oakwood Seventh-day Adventist School Administrators I • / I \ I v (ASDSA). She is also a resource person and district. Currently, he is pastoring New Life presenter, traveling extensively giving work- Seventh-day Adventist church in Nashville, I shops, symposiums and conferences in the Tennessee, and the First Seventh-day Trans-European and Inter-American Adventist church in Springfield, Tennessee. I Divisions, as well as throughout the North Pastor Norman has a fondness for history American Division. Dr. Marshall has received and has spent much time over the past 15 numerous awards and honors during her career years gathering his family's history and I and served on many committees and boards, leading in the organization of the Simon Rolle such as the NAD Board of Higher Education, Kin Association in Bimini, Bahamas. He has the committee on the Ordination of Women also spent time researching Black Seventh-day I and many NAD education committees. Adventist history. Always active in the I R. Steven Norman, III community, he Richard Steven Norman, III, was born in established and is the Clearwater, Florida, to Richard and Mabel director of the New I Norman, who taught in denominational Life Food Bank schools. Pastor Norman attended Seventh-day operated by the New I Adventist schools for all his elementary and Life SDA church. He high school years. After his graduation from also assists in Oakwood College, Huntsville, Alabama, he providing terminal I studied at Andrews University, Berrien care for the dying, is a Springs, Michigan, where he received his social services I master of divinity degree. He and his wife, referral agent for low-income families, and is Elaine Humphreys Norman, are parents of two a member of several committees that provide children, Gianna and Steven. food, housing, and financial assistance. I Pastor Norman has served churches in the He enjoys writing and has authored articles Selma, Alabama, district where he established for SOUTHERN TIDINGS and NORTH the Temple Gate Elementary School, and the AMERICAN REGIONAL VOICE, and a I First Seventh-day Adventist church of weekly column called "Focus on Living" for Thomasville, Georgia; the Meridian, the BLACK BELT JOURNAL in Selma, • Mississippi district where he established the Alabama, for two years. He has completed First Seventh-day Adventist church of the preparation of a Funeral Planner to assist Sylvarena; and the Hattiesburg, Mississippi families in planning funerals. Editorial Staff Editor Editorial Assistants Editorial Consultant Norwida A. Marshall Charles Battles Lloyd E. Mulraine Associate Editor Mildred Carlton Departmental Secretary R. Steven Norman, III Kathy Couch Sue Williamson Assistant Editors Deborah Fryson Photographic Services Zeola Allston Jim Williamson Charles Battles Charles Battles Nathaniel Higgs Doris Gully R. Steven Norman, III ■ profiles of the Committee Members _1 ■ Zeola Allston contribution to the committee which planned Mrs. Zeola Germany Allston, MA, and developed this work. She has helped to I teacher-educator, a Seventh-day Adventist for give it the prominence which it hopes to many years, and a native of Birmingham, achieve in the field of Seventh-day Adventist Alabama, has dedicated her life to the cause of education. I Christian education. Recipient of the Zapara Excellence in Charles D. Battles ■ Teaching Award, 1989, Mrs. Allston's career As an academy teacher for nine years, as an educator extends over a period of 36 Charles D. Battles passed on his love for years, 33 of which history to his students. "I wanted the best for I were dedicated to them," he says. "I wanted them to sense the Christian education. importance of history in their lives." Although A specialist in now principal of the Alcy SDA Junior Acad- I elementary education, emy in Memphis, Tennessee, Charles has Mrs. Allston has continued to instill in young people, as well as I served as Principal- sons, Marwan and teacher, Oakwood Omari, the importance Elementary school, of history through his I Huntsville, Alabama; work on this project. teacher,. Oakwood Charles graduated Academy; cooperating in 1974 with a U teacher, Oakwood bachelor of arts degree College Education department; teacher, from Oakwood Col- multigrade classroom; principal-teacher, Berea lege, Huntsville, Seventh-day Adventist school, Boston, Massa- Alabama, and re- chussetts; and in many other teaching positions. ceived his master of I Mrs. Allston has also served as director of arts in teaching one student activity, recruiter, dean of women, year later from Oakwood College; director of inner city Andrews University in Berrien Springs, I programs, Metropolitan Boston SDA Church; Michigan. He has received several awards for director, Headstart program, Boston, his dedication to education. He received the I Massachusetts; and assistant director, day care Teacher Achievement Award from Pine Forge center, New England Memorial Sanitarium and Academy in 1982, and the Principal Hospital, Stoneham, Massachusetts. Administrative Award in 1989 from the South I Mrs. Allston's expertise in the field of Central Conference. In 1986, Allegheny East Christian education is an invaluable Conference elected him Principal of the Year. I

I / I \ vii I Along with his education responsibilites, Jacksonville, Alabama, where he has taught Charles also serves the community as a both writing and literature for 12 years. He I member of the Davis YMCA board of directors holds bachelor and master of arts degrees in and coordinator of the annual food box English from Andrews University, Berrien I distribution to needy families. Springs, Michigan, and a doctor of arts degree in English from Middle Tennessee State Doris M. Gully University, Murfreesboro. He proposed, I Doris M. Gully is a native of Paducah, developed, and directed for three years the Kentucky, but was reared in Gary, Indiana. A writing center at Jacksonville State University daughter of Seventh-day Adventist parents, she (JSU). I was no stranger to Christian education, Before joining the attending an Adventist church school until the English faculty at ■ ninth grade. After two years in public school, JSU, Dr. Mulraine she again enrolled in an SDA school. was director of fresh- Doris graduated from Oakwood Academy man English at Ten- I and went on to study education at Oakwood nessee State College. Her education was completed at University, Nashville, Morris Brown College in Atlanta, Georgia, and chairman of the I where she graduated English department at with a degree in Oakwood College, I education. Huntsville, Alabama, Doris' teaching where he served from 1967 to 1976. He is career began in 1949 actively engaged in writing and has presented I in Jackson, Missis- papers in composition theory at the College sippi. She has since Language Association Conference, the Doctor I held positions in of Arts Conference at the University of Huntsville, Alabama; Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan; the Chicago, Illinois; Southeastern Writing Centers Conference, I Pasadena and San University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa; Miles Gabriel, California; College, Birmingham, Alabama; and at the Savannah and Atlanta, Writing Instruction Technology Conference at I Georgia; Winston-Salem and Charlotte, North JSU. Carolina. She is currently principal and Dr. Mulraine has held memberships in the I seventh- and eighth-grade teacher at Bethany following professional organizations: National Junior Academy in Macon, Georgia. Council of Teachers of English, the College In 1951 Doris married Eugene Gully. They Language Association, the Southeastern I have four children: Judith, Janese, LaTonya and Conference of English in the Two-year James. College, the Southeastern Writing Centers Conference, and the Modern Language U Association. L. E. Mulraine Dr. Mulraine's expertise in the teaching of I Editorial Consultant writing and his many years as a Seventh-day Dr. Lloyd E. Mulraine is professor of Adventist make him uniquely qualified for the English at Jacksonville State University, position of editorial consultant for this work. * I viii I Contents I Foreword 2 Introduction 3 I Overview 5 For the Teacher Teaching Strategy 6 I Alternation Schedule 7 Student Activity Codes 8 I I. The Gospel to Black America 9 Important Dates in Black SDA History 11 A. Millerite Movement (1833-1844) 12 I William Foy 13 Charles Bowles 14 I Skills Inventory and Student Activities 15 B. The Gospel Spreads to Black America (1844-1908) C. M. Kinny 23 I The Morning Star 27 Skills Inventory and Student Activities 31 I C. The North American Regional Department and Conferences. (1909-1988) The Story of the North American Regional Department 43 I The Regional Conferences and Departments 47 Blacks on the West Coast and in Canada 56 Skills Inventory and Student Activities 61 I II. Institutions and Publications 71 A. Institutions I Oakwood College 73 Pine Forge Academy 77 Schools that Serve Black Adventism 81 I Hadley Hospital 83 Riverside Hosptial 85 I Skills Inventory and Student Activities 89 B. Publications 116 GOSPEL HERALD I 117 NORTH AMERICAN INFORMANT 118 MESSAGE I THE NORTH AMERICAN REGIONAL VOICE 120 Skills Inventory and Student Activities 121 I 1 \ /

I / I \ ix I III. Bearers of the Light Men and women of sterling quality were called by God to their respective fields of endeavor. Each, carrying the torch of the gospel, has labored successfully to light the paths for precious souls. I A. Religion Harris, Chessie 211 A History of the Black SDA Ministry 131 Knight, Anna 213 I 1. Evangelists Millet, Garland J 215 Brooks, Charles D 135 Skills Inventory and Student Activities 217 Cleveland, Earl. E 137 I Joseph H. Laurance 139 C. Missionaries 225 Peters, George E. 142 Abney, Benjamin W. 227 I Ward, Eric C. 144 Banks, G. Nathaniel 228 2. Conference Administrators Battle, Maurice T 229 Bradford, Charles E 147 Branch, Thomas H 230 Dudley, Charles E 149 DeShay, Samuel L. 231 Earle, George R 151 Giddings, Phillip E., Jr. 233 I Fordham, Walter W 153 Henri, C. Dunbar 235 Peterson, Frank L. 155 Skills Inventory and Student Activities 237 Singleton, Harold D 157 I 3. Professors of Religion & Theology D. Health/Nutrition 243 Beale, John J. 159 Blake, Lottie C. 244 Moseley, Calvin E., Jr. 160 Bullard, Naomi 245 I Richard, Clarence T 162 Carson, Benjamin S. 247 Rogers, Ernest E. 164 Dent, Carl A 249 1 4. Bible Instructors Ford, Harry E. 251 Cleveland, Celia M. 166 Harris, Thelma Bruner 253 Hanks, Ida M. 168 Jones, Marvene C. 254 II Harris, Ola Mae 170 Stafford, Ruth F 255 Johnson, Mildred P. 172 Temple, Ruth J. 257 I Jones, Rosa L. 173 York, Alma Foggo 259 5. Literature Evangelists Skills Inventory and Student Activities 261 Adams, W. E. 176 I Mackey, Odell 178 E. Communications 272 Willis, Charles M. 180 Medley, Carlos G. 273 I Skills Inventory and Student Activities 183 Tottress, R. E. 274 Troy, Owen A., Jr. 275 B. Education Williams, DeWitt S. 277 I A History of Black SDA Education 193 Wood, Brenda B 279 Baldwin, Rosetta 198 Skills Inventory and Student Activities 281 Banks, Rosa T 200 I Burrell, Natelka E 202 F. Music . 289 Dykes, Eva B. 204 Arties, Walter E., III 290 I Edwards, Otis B 205 Blackmon, Alma M. 292 Ford, Bernice H 207 Booth, Inez L. 294 Griffiths, Victor S 209 Foster, Allen W 296 111 I Kilby, Shelton E., III 297 Pearson, Jim 337 I Lee, Alyne Dumas 299 Stovall, Mary K. S. 339 Osterman, Eurydice 301 Skills Inventory and Student Activities 341 Phipps, Wintley 303 I Wright, Eleanor 305 I. Armed Forces 348 Skills Inventory and Student Activities 307 Black, Barry C. 349 Johnson, Leonard 351 I G. Science/Space 314 Kibble, Herman T. 353 Blake, Donald F 315 Powell, Joseph, T 354 I Cooper, Emerson A 317 Skills Inventory and Student Activities 357 Grandison, David 318 Shurney, Robert E. 320 J. Authors/Writers 363 II Skills Inventory and Student Activities 323 Bontemps, Arna W 364 Justiss, Jacob, Jr. 366 I H. Government/Law 331 Reynolds, Louis B. 368 Doggette, Herbert A., Jr. 332 Skills Inventory and Student Activities 371 Hodges, Clarence E 334 I McDonald, Andrew A. 335 Student Activities Keys 380 U I

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I xi I / I \ Foreword ■

Star Gives Light: Seventh-day In an attempt to collect pertinent AAdventist African American material for this text, the Editorial Heritage is the first of its kind Committee tapped a variety of I designed to introduce K-12 sources. Among them were the nine students in Seventh-day Adventist Regional conferences, two Regional I schools to the very important role Affairs offices on the West Coast, played by Blacks in the history of the Bermuda Conference and Canada. As I Seventh-day Adventist Church. is the case in many projects of this Realizing the magnitude of this nature, responses ranged from project, the editors and other enthusiasm to apathy. It is therefore contributors decided to limit this conceivable that some significant work to highlights of some material did not reach the committee. contributions of Black men and On the other hand, some material women to the development and received had to be modified for publi- I growth of Adventism. It is, therefore, cation. The Editorial Committee not a complete history of the Black considers this text to be a first step I arm of the Seventh-day Adventist which should be followed by a much Church; neither is it a "Who's Who" more extensive work in the future, in Black Adventism. and the rest of the story can be told.*

/ I \ 2 Introduction

rom the creation of the human race, In the Seventh-day Adventist Church, God has considered all people to be there has been great progress in equality for Fone. In Genesis 11:6 the Lord stated, Blacks. Blacks have gone from the days of "Behold, the people is one." This camp meeting segregation to the formation of thought is mentioned again in Acts 17:26, their own Regional conferences and "And hath made of one blood all nations of institutions, as well as Blacks in leadership men for to dwell on all the face of the earth." positions on all conference, union, division, Satan has always looked for opportunities and General Conference levels. to divide the family of God. One of his most Most people assume that this situation in successful attempts was the introduction of society will continue to improve, but there are racial slavery into the 17th-century American ominous undercurrents flowing as we enter colonies. This institution set the pattern of the decade of the 1990s. The political climate American Black-White relations for hundreds in America is swinging toward conservatism of years. and less tolerance of religious and ethnic At the conclusion of the American Civil diversity. Many affluent parents are now War, the freeing of black slaves by the raising children to be label-conscious, Thirteenth Amendment to the United States appearance-oriented, selfish, and materialistic. Constitution marked the first step on the long Many of these children will not accept others road toward full rights and equality for who dress or appear different from them- American Blacks. Progress in the years since selves. There is a deep concern as to Amer- Reconstruction has sometimes been slow and ica's future when these youngsters reach frustrating. The process sped up in the mid voting age. USA TODAY reported in 1987 1950s with the Montgomery bus boycott and that in 1978 the Justice Department inves- then again in the 1960s with the passage of the tigated only eight incidents of racial violence Civil Rights Act. Full national attention to the in America. By 1986 that number had risen to issue seems to have come in 1968 with the 276. Just in the 1985-1986 period there was a tragic assassination of civil rights leader Dr. 42% increase in the cases of racial violence. Martin Luther King, Jr. Since that time, Other groups such as the Southern Poverty America has seen a steady increase in rights Law Center's Klanwatch believe that there is a and equality for Blacks, women and other pattern of increasing racism in America. minorities. Today, most minorities will agree Revelation 7:1 speaks of "four angels standing that while complete social and economic on the four corners of the earth, holding the equality have not yet been realized in the four winds." These winds (of strife) surely United States, the situation is the best of any include religious and ethnic intolerance. Ellen major industrialized nation and is better than G. White warns of coming religious and racial at any time in America's history. strife in America (Testimonies, vol. 9, pp.

\n/ / I \ 3 207-208). She also states that the work not while the angels continue to hold back the done now when it is easy will be done under four winds. The children in our schools need I hard circumstances later (Testimonies, vol. 5, to realize that God's kingdom is not only for p. 463). Part of the gospel of Christ is to part of God's children, but that all are to be I instill in our youth the importance and worth included. Thus, the need for and the im- of all races and to break down the barriers of portance of this document, as we continue to prejudice and misunderstanding erected by strive for brotherhood within the Seventh-day I Satan. It needs to be done today while this Adventist Church. generation is still young and trainable, and I

I 4 ■ Overview

task of gathering information. This was done I he Southern Union Conference, headquartered in Decatur, Georgia, has the through reading, research, interviews, and distinct privilege of being located in countless phone calls and letters. Nine I the geographical area where the Regional conferences, two Regional offices beginning of Black Adventism had its roots and numerous individuals throughout the and where the only Black Seventh-day United States, Canada and Bermuda were I Adventist college is located — Oakwood contacted. From this effort, pieces and parts College, in Huntsville, Alabama. These of history were collected and assembled. I distinctions prompted the North American As this dedicated committee worked untir- Division Committee on the Improvement of ingly and unrelentingly in the development of Curriculum and Instruction in the Regional this document, the presence of the Holy Spirit I Conferences to request that the Southern permeated each session as the "pieces and Union implement the Black Denominational parts" were fitted together to become a "whole 1 History project using the resources in the document." In the embryonic stages of the archives at Oakwood College. project, the committee realized the Another unique fact is that, of the nine Re- awesomeness of its responsibility in its gional conferences in North America, one- attempt to reach all students in grades K-12 third are located within the Southern Union with appropriate and interesting information. and comprise all of its territory. Under God's guidance and direction, it is I The Southern Union office of education believed that this first phase of the goal was accepted the North American Division Curri- achieved within the limited time constraints. I culum Committee assignment and the chal- Emerson said, "The masses of men worry lenge to increase the level of awareness themselves into nameless graves when here regarding the roots of Black Adventist history and there, a great soul forgets himself into I which grow deep, primarily in the soil of Mis- immortality." Such are the lives of the faithful sissippi, Alabama, Kentucky, and Tennessee. lightbearers in this document. Undoubtedly I Having accepted the challenge, a com- there are many people whose lives are a part mittee of five teachers, representing levels of this mosaic, but time and resources did not K-12, from the Black and White conferences, permit an exhaustive study. Perhaps the torch I and a pastor who is a historian, were appoint- will be picked up by others and they may feel ed to assist in fulfilling the stated mission. free to write the rest of the story. I Then began the costly and monumental

I / I \ 5 I s for the Teacher I Teaching Strategies for .1( - 12 The material in the Teacher's Resource Guide may be used in the following classes: Bible, I English literature and history/social studies. As supplementary material, it may be emphasized during the month of February, which is African-American History month. It is highly 1 recommended that the Resource Guide be used throughout the entire school year because of the wealth of material included and to adequately treat the subject areas in a fair manner. Student Activities are to be photocopied for each student and assigned following the I discussion of a section or sections. Be certain to explain what is to be done and assist students where needed, especially in the lower grades. I Use the codes on the lower-left side of the page for appropriate grade placement. There are some activities which can be used across grade levels. Adapt according to your students' needs. The black box on the side of each Skills Inventory page shows where the Student Activities I begin. Answer keys for the activities are in the back of the book. Instructional Methods Grades K - 8 Instructional Methods Grades 9-12 I Designate one class period a week to study one Designate one class period a week to study one of the major articles. of the major articles. Story/narrative may be read by teacher orally. Story/narrative should be xeroxed so each I Class discussion following story/narrative. student has his own copy for his notebook. Student activities may be done individually or Story/narrative may be read by teacher orally, I in small groups. individually by each student or in study groups. Class discussion to follow reading of story. Guest speakers (individuals mentioned in the Student activities may be done individually or narrative/story who may still be alive and/or • in small groups. knew the person) should be invited to visit the Guest speakers (individuals mentioned in the class. narrative/story who may still be alive and/or I Field trips to nearby Black institutions, if knew the person should be invited to visit class. available. Field trips to nearby Black institutions, if Class projects may include: available. Extended weekend trips could also I Preparation of a bulletin board theme. be arranged. Plays or skits to be presented in class or as a Class may develop short plays/skits to present church program. during local school chapel/assembly/church I Role-playing the lives of different pioneers. programs. In boarding academies, these Building a model of one of the institutions. programs could include Friday evening I vespers, AY, as well as weekly chapel Display some class projects/ activities on programs. walls of church lobby. In boarding academies, dormitory deans could I also use stories/narratives as devotional thoughts for dorm worships. Guest speakers as mentioned in #6 could also be used. I I / I \ 6 I For the Teacher

Alternation Schedule

If it is decided to use the Resource Guide only during the month of February, then the following two-year alternation plan would provide a more balanced and manageable coverage of the large I amount of material. The story should be read as listed and followed by class discussion and student activities. I Odd Year Even Year Day 1 -Millerite Movement--William Foy Day 1 - Millerite Movement -- Charles I Day 2 -The Morning Star Bowles Day 3 -The Story of the North American Day 2 - C. M. Kinny I Regional Department Day 3 - Oakwood College Day 4 -The Regional Conferences and Day 4 - Pine Forge Academy I Departments Day 5 - Guest Speaker Day 5 -Guest Speaker Day 6 - Riverside Hospital I Day 6 -Hadley Hospital Day 7 - THE NORTH AMERICAN Day 7 -GOSPEL HERALD INFORMANT I Day 8 -MESSAGE Magazine Day 8 - THE NORTH AMERICAN Day 9 -Evangelists REGIONAL VOICE Day 10 -Bulletin Board Project Day 9 - Conference Administrators Day 11 -Bible Counselors Day 10 - Bulletin Board Project Day 12 -Professors of Religion and Theology Day 11 - Literature Evangelists Day 13 -Education Day 12 - Additional Firsts in Religion Day 14 -Missionaries Day 13 - Additional Firsts in Education I Day 15 -Field Trip Day 14 - Health/Nutrition Day 16 -Communications Day 15 - Field Trip I Day 17 -Science/Space Day 16 - Music Day 18 -Armed Forces Day 17 - Government/Law

Day 19 -Class Project -- Play or role-playing Day 18 - Authors/Writers Day 20 -Quiz or Review Day 19 - Class Project -- Play or role-playing I Day 20 - Quiz or Review

I / I \ 7 Student Activity Codes

MM Millerite Movement CMK Charles M. Kinny MS Morning Star NARDC North American Regional Department and Conferences OC Oakwood College PFA Pine Forge Academy HH Hadley Hospital RH Riverside Hospital GH GOSPEL HERALD NAI NORTH AMERICAN INFORMANT ME MESSAGE NARV NORTH AMERICAN REGIONAL VOICE IP Institutions and Publications REL Religion ED Education MI Missionaries H/N Health/Nutrition COM Communications MU Music S/S Science/Space G/L Government/Law AF Armed Forces A/W Authors/Writers

Kindergarten -- Grade 2 Grade 3 -- Grade 6 Grade 7 -- Grade 9 Grade 9 -- Grade 12

Example: MM *** Millerite Movement -- Grades 7 - 9 ME * MESSAGE -- Grades K - 2 and 3 - 6 **

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I The gospel

I 11 to Mack

I America ■

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■ PIL "Thou Mu8t. Drophe8y Again..." Rev. 10:11 Preface

n October 22, 1844, William cleanse it from sin. God revealed to Miller and thousands of others them that Daniel's 2300-day prophecy I 0 who had studied Daniel predicted that on October 22, 1844, confidently expected Christ to Christ would enter the most holy place come. When Christ did not come, Hiram of the heavenly sanctuary to cleanse it Edson said, "Our fondest hopes and from sin as part of the judgment process. expectations were blasted, and such a After the investigative judgment was spirit of weeping came over us as I never completed, then He would return. experienced before... We wept, and wept, With people all around the world till the day dawned." The message of needing to know that the judgment had Daniel, referred to as the "little book" begun, God told the early advent that was so sweet to them as they eagerly believers, "Thou must prophesy again awaited the coming of Christ, was now before many peoples, and nations, and I bitter as a result of their keen tongues, and kings" (Revelation 10:11). disappointment (Revelation 10:9,10). Seventh-day Adventists understand In the days after the Great that their mission to preach the gospel to Disappointment, Hiram Edson and other all races is the fulfillment of this pro- believers who had expected Christ to phecy. Section one, "The Gospel to return on October 22, 1844, prayed and Black America," focuses on how the I studied. They sought a clearer everlasting gospel has been preached to understanding of Daniel's prophecy, and by Blacks in North America. "Unto 2300 days, then shall the sanctuary Beginning around 1844 with William a be cleansed" (Daniel 8:14). In response Foy and Charles Bowles, and their roles to their prayers, God clarified their in the Millerite movement, the time-line I understanding of Daniel's prophecy, then moves to C. M. Kinny, who estab- renewed their confidence in the second lished four of the first five Black coming of Christ, and gave them a Seventh- day Adventist churches. We prophetic sense of mission. then follow the "Morning Star's" journey William Miller and most other down the Mississippi, and end by tracing scholars had interpreted the cleansing of the development of the North American I the sanctuary as referring to the coming Regional Department and Regional of Christ at the end of the world to conferences through 1988. I

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Important Dates in black SDA History

William Miller begins to preach 1831 of the I William Foy receives first vision 1842

I 1844 Great Disappointment.

Seventh-day Adventist Church 1863 organized I Charles M. Kinny -- First Black 1889 minister ordained James E. Patterson I First Black missionary Morning Star lands at 1895 Vicksburg, Mississippi 1 OakwoodCollege established HuntSville, Alabama I (First) GOSPEL HERALD published 1898

1905 (Second) GOSPEL HERALD I published Negro Department established at I 1909 General Conference 1914 Hadley Hospital established I Washington, DC Riverside Hospital established 1927 Nashville, Tennessee I MESSAGE magazine published

Regional conferences organized 1945

1946 Pine Forge Academy establishe Pine Forge, Pennsylvania NORTH AMERICAN REGIONAL I 1978 VOICE published Elder Charles Bradford -- First Rlao president CDMMisio:i The Millerite Movement

he scripture seemed to leap from the Congregationalist, Methodist, Presbyterian, chapter of Daniel that William Miller Lutheran, Christian, Quaker, and Episcopalian T was reading. "And he said unto me, denominations who joined Miller in preach- Unto two thousand and three hundred ing. They became known as Millerites. days; then shall the sanctuary be cleansed." What could it mean? Using his Bible and Cruden' s Concordance, William Miller began to seek an understanding of the text. By 1818, Miller saw that the 2,300 prophetic days represented 2,300 literal years that began in 457 BC. He mistakenly interpreted the cleansing of the sanctuary as referring to the second coming of Christ and decided that Christ would return during the year 1843. That was just 25 years away. That was exciting, but how could he be sure Christ was returning in 1843? Hesitant to share what he had learned, Miller continued to study. By 1831, he could hold it no longer. He prayed and was invited to preach his findings at the Dresden Baptist church. Convinced that Christ was indeed coming within a few years, most of the people at the Dresden Baptist church took their stand and began to share their advent hope. Within a short period Miller was preaching in cities throughout the eastern section of the United William Miller States with much success. People from a broad spectrum of denom- Among the band of Millerite preachers inations flocked to Miller's meetings and left there were at least three Black ministers: believing and looking for Christ to return in Charles Bowles of Boston, Massachusetts; 1843 or 1844. Among them were thousands John Lewis of Providence, Rhode Island; and of ministers and lay persons from the Baptist, William Foy from Portland, Maine. * 1 \ / / I \ 12 William Elli8 Foy

illiam Ellis Foy was born in However, Augusta, Maine, in 1818. He on February 6, W was one of the three Black 1842, while in ministers associated with the worship he was Millerite movement. He was tall, light asked to relate complexioned and a very eloquent speaker. his vision. Foy was a member of the Free Will Baptist This he did. Church. He became dissatisfied with some The next William Foy of their beliefs and was preparing to take afternoon he holy orders as an Episcopal minister when was asked again to relate it to a large he received two of the three visions that he congregation. This he did again, losing his had in 1842 and 1844. fear and speaking boldly. Whenever he After the visions he joined the spoke after this he wore the robes of the Millerites in heralding the message of the Episcopal clergy, and spoke freely and expectation of Christ's soon coming. graphically of the scenes he had seen in his On January 18, 1842, while attending a vision. prayer meeting, he received the first of his Ellen White heard him when she was a visions. Witnesses state that he was in girl. Later, when she was older, and Foy vision for two and a half hours. He was was attending one of her meetings where examined by a physician who stated that she was relating her own early visions, he there was no appearance of life in him told her that was just what he had seen. except around the heart. This verified his He had his third vision around the time statement, "My breath left me." of the expectation in 1844. He did not He was reluctant to relate to others understand it and in perplexity he ceased God's message given him in vision. His preaching. On November 9, 1893 at the reasons were the prejudices against Blacks age of 75, he died. He is buried in East and the Millerites. Sullivan, Maine.

Source: Seventh-day Adventist Encyclopedia, 1976

/ I \ 13 harles Bowles was born in conscience. After much soul searching C Boston, Massachusetts, in 1761. and many trials, he started preparing His father was an African and for his life work. Licensed by the his mother a daughter of an Free Will Baptist Church, he traveled officer in the Rifle Corps in the from city to city preaching the gospel American Army, Colonel Morgan. At of salvation. the time of his father's death, young Between 1808-1817 he labored in Charles was placed in the home of a Ashburnham, Massachusetts, Rhode Tory where he was very unhappy with Island and Williamstown, Vermont. the conditions and ideas taught. At In November, Elders Webster and the age of 14 he joined the army and Maynard ordained him as a served during the entire Revolutionary full-fledged minister of the gospel. War. During the latter years of his life Returning home after the war he he lived with one of his daughters. united with the Calvinistic Baptist He was a very affectionate father and Church in Wentworth, New grandfather. As a neighbor he was Hampshire. To be a Baptist at this greatly respected and loved. As his time was very unpopular. Being health deteriorated he lost his sight, ridiculed and harassed about his but he continued to preach. He died religious beliefs, he later changed March 16, 1843. His daughters, from the Calvinistic Baptist Church to Deborah and Eunice, left no written the Free Will Baptist Church. It was account. His son Charles became a in this church that he felt the call to very outstanding Presbyterian preach. This he did not really want to minister. do, but he could not get away from his

Source: John Lewis, Life Labor and Travels of Elder Charles Bowles, Ingalls and Stowell's Steam Press, 1852.

/ I \ 14 I I Aar Millerite Movement I Skiffs Inventory for Student Activities I Activity Skill I K-2 Tombstones Reinforcing motor skill development I Coloring Using eye-hand coordination 3-6 I Let's discover I Word Search Reinforcing vocabulary development 7-9 I Word Search Reinforcing vocabulary usage Role Play Portraying positive character development I 9-12 I Role Play Portraying positive character development Creative writing Developing writing skills I I I 1 I I I I 15 I / I\ Millerite Movement Student Activity Sheet

Name Date I

William Foy and Charles Bowles Art Activity Directions: Make a tombstone for pioneers William Foy and Charles Bowles. Use either modeling clay, play dough or plaster of paris. • PLAY DOUGH 1 cup salt 2 cups flour 1/2 cup water Food coloring or tempera paint

Mix salt and flour. Add colored water slowly to form soft dough. Place dough on cardboard and form tombstone. Use a pointed object to inscribe the name and date of birth and death on each one before it dries.

MM* 16 Millerite Movement Student Activity Sheet

Name Date

William Foy Directions: Color this picture. Make an attractive frame of construction paper.

William Foy

Birth: 1818 Kennebec County near Augusta, Maine Death: November 9, 1893, at East Sullivan, Maine Family: Father - Joseph Foy Mother - Elizabeth ("Betsy") Foy died 1870

17 Millerite Movement I Student Activity Sheet I Name Date I Let's Discover I Directions: Read the clue and write in the boxes the name of the person the clue describes.

Name Bank I Miller Foy White Lewis Bowles I Clues Names His first vision lasted two and one-half hours. I Lady prophet I He wrote Charles Bowles' biography Black Millerite preacher I He studied the sanctuary using the Bible • and Cruden's Concordance. MM ** I 18 I 111 Millerite Movement 111 Student Activity Sheet

II Name Date

I Word Search Directions: I Hidden among the letters are the names of some people in this story. The letters may be read backward, forward, up, down or diagonally. 1 Draw a circle around the word. I Write the names on lines #1 - 9. ■ MI L L ERASE Words I WI LLI AMEL 1. BSLAHEOLL 2. I ORBLWSARI 3. WHI TEOF AS 4. I L ENTHRRHF 5. ECL I AEI CO 6. I S MJ NOT CTY 7. S UORL PACE 8. II L LHVHZ DTM 9. PANTEL L EN I OTMOCMDOT E TUVYQE MO II S ONHOJ J NC OLTAF RI CT I BOCEAF HDF

1 MM ** 111 19 I

Millerite Movement • Student Activity Sheet I Name Date I Word Search I Directions: The following words are hidden in the puzzle below. Can you find them? Circle each one. William Miller William Foy Charles Bowles John Lewis Millerite Movement Ellen White Boston Augusta Millerites I Visions Providence Preacher Sanctuary Soldier Advent I SANCTUARYQW ROV IDENCE I I I ABCDEFGH I LJ L TBOSTONLOA L I HALLNPI ZB V LXYDAEAPTOGA I MNOVMPQRSUM I CSTFEUVWTSM I EHXOYVNZAOTI RAYBCODTEN AL I FRGHPMROTM AL WLELLENWH ITE ES ROT PONMDR RSPUVISIONSD I EBAMBRTYPAVZ AOS IWELNHOJ V I CWEL IL SEDLTY LMILLERITES I EEPVNICILOTS RSGH I MJ NKL KT I Ntivi*** I 20 I Millerite Movement Student Activity Sheet

Name Date Role Play Directions: Assume the role of one of the following individuals: William Miller, William Foy, Charles Bowles or John Lewis. Write and then portray a possible presentation that either of the men might have given during the pre-1844 period. You may wish to write a play, a sermon, or whatever else comes to mind. Be creative!

MM r** **** 21 Millerite Movement • Student Activity Sheet I Name Date I William Foy • Creative Writing: What do you think might have happened if William I Foy had continued to share his visions and had become the leading figure in the Seventh-day Adventist Church instead of Ellen White? I Do you feel the SDA Church would be any different today? If so, in what ways. If not, why not? I I I I I I • I I I I I 22 I I I Charle8 11. Ninny I

I he year was 1866. The great Amer- contained a ican Civil War was over at last. The young boy about I once proud Confederacy lay trampled 10 or 11 years of in defeat, its treasured system of age. Charlie, as slavery outlawed by the Thirteenth Amend- he was probably I ment to the US Constitution. Thousands of known while a Blacks streamed out of the ravaged South, boy, was born a C. M. Kinny eager to put many miles between themselves slave in 1855 in I and the scenes of their former bondage. what would later be the capital of the One band of freed slaves moving westward Confederate States of America, Richmond, I Virginia. He longed for a different kind of life, a place where he belonged, a permanence he had never known before. At the same time, I the boy was lonely and far from anyone he could call family. He would often lay in bed I at night and listen to the lonesome wailing of the eastbound train. Charles ended up in Reno, Nevada, an I important point for raising cattle and shipping mine products. He was able to find odd jobs to support himself. I The years moved on. One evening in 1878, as he was walking home, Charles was attract- I ed to a tent meeting. J. N. Loughborough, pioneer Seventh-day Adventist evangelist and leader, was preaching. His message touched I the heart of the almost-grown young man. He also thrilled at the message from the book of I John preached a few nights later by Mrs. Ellen G. White. Charles Kinny heard for the first time that God loved him enough to call him I one of His sons. At the close of that C. M. Kinny preaches at Riverside Hospital. evangelistic series, on the last Sabbath of I 1 \ / I 23 I I September, 1878, Charles M. Kinny was The conference brethren sent Charles to baptized as the first Black member of the work among the Black people of Topeka, I Reno Seventh-day Adventist church. Kansas. These were tough-minded people Charles' earnest, dedicated nature soon saw who had come west to get away from folks him elected as secretary of the Nevada Tract telling them what to do. Charles certainly had I Society. In that position, he was responsible his work cut out for him. In the May 25, for placing a complete collection of Adventist 1886, REVIEW AND HERALD, Kinny I books and magazines in the Reno Public reported that since the previous October, he Library and the Reno Temperance Reform had made nearly 650 visits, had distributed Club. This probably led to many conversions over 16,500 tracts, and as a result, five women I unknown to Charles. in Emporia had indicated they would keep the Charles was so zealous that his work began Sabbath and two heads of families reported I to attract the attention of others. In 1883, they were quite interested. Reno church members sent him to the newly In this typical pattern of canvassing, opened Healdsburg SDA College in door-to-door visits and preaching, Charles M. I California. During his two-year stay at Kinny worked his way eastward through Healdsburg, Kinny again had the opportunity Kansas and Missouri. Reports of his work to hear the preaching of Mrs. Ellen White. that appeared regularly in the REVIEW led I Upon completion of his studies, Charles administrators to conclude that Charles could entered upon his long life of service to the reach people in places others could not. For I Seventh-day Adventist Church. this reason, Charles began popping up around I I I I I I • I The Cottage Chapel Seventh-day Adventist church in Bowling Green, Kentucky, was organized by Elder C. M. Kinny on June 13, 1891. I 24 I

the South and Midwest in districts such as St. working in St. Louis, his evangelistic efforts ■ Louis, Louisville and New Orleans. resulted in Blacks and Whites worshiping Companies and churches he had fostered together. Mrs. Ellen G. White issued a special began rising up all over that part of the rebuke to those church members who I country. During the 1880s and 1890s, Charles criticized this biracial worship. And then on labored in New Orleans to found the fourth his own ordination day at the Seventh-day Black church in the SDA denomination and Adventist Southern District camp meeting, found time to get married in Nashville, there was an effort made to segregate Charles Tennessee! He was, indeed, a busy man who and his members from the Whites. Kinny never let much grass grow under his feet! suggested that Black conferences be Probably the most important event in organized as a solution to this embarrassing Charles' life took place while he was assigned encounter. to work in Louisville, Kentucky. In the Charles M. Kinny, slave boy of old summer of 1889 at the Southern District camp Virginia, first Black to be ordained as a meeting, Charles M. Kinny became the first Seventh-day Adventist minister, the founder person of African descent to be ordained as a of Black Seventh-day Adventist evangelism, Seventh-day Adventist minister. He and tireless worker for God, lived until 1951. continued his untiring efforts as an evangelist He was 96 years old! Former Oakwood until 1911 when his wife's failing health made College students fondly recall seeing the little it impossible for him to maintain a full-time old gentleman sitting quietly in church on schedule of activities. Sabbath. He lived to see the Black Seventh- One of the serious problems faced by day Adventist work grow from a handful of Charles Kinny was prejudice on the part of less than 50 to almost 50 thousand in the year White church members. While he was he died! *

I ■

■

Source: Reynolds, Louis B., We Have Tomorrow, Washington, DC, Review & Herald Publishing Assn., 1984. ■ 25 C. M. Kinny U The First Official- Effort for the Coforec (People

A copy of an original document written by C. M. Kinny (ff/A/z/ cti„f "August 1, 1878 Eld. J. N. Loughborough Tent -- in Reno, Nevada A 42-1.1xd cf ) Sept. I kept my first Sabbath. I Reno Church Fund eAlsi / !Jr" $40.00 for First Canvassing. az.v,4) 1883-85 Healdsburg at4r-zedq College Reno Fund $100 on my second X9.7/ ())7 years schooling. Adi 4/44 1885 California Conference gave .,,Le-iiiiack4_,,e f.54.-ver 17 J.-1w ee-if $75.00 sent to -- Topeka, Kansas, to begin. Zre5 -3- cax1-44, 444.& 62 ,--,;/Ait-.;(-,., 1 I (1) Nov. 1883 Edgefield 1 church organized (9 4„, /7 tele eorv( cy-e-4-7 kfek.0--ft mem.) by Eld. Fulton. , I ®Feb. 16, 1890 71 Louisville church ,24( (1-114,17, 2.: k Lt.( 'cla- t4--i organized (10 mem.) .-.-''-. -it:I d I by R. M. Kilgore. 447: "- ®June 13, 1891 524'4,4 Bowling Green c4/Fr. 4-.6-5 66 y I Church organized (8 _( mem.) by C. M. K. 440 y I ,47 ® June 4, 1892 New Orleans church fr J•ty, organized (10 mem.) #4444,- /5/ by C. M. K. ® Sept. 15, 16, 1894 ,, if cv-r‘ / Nashville church //IA (A.44/— organized (10 mem.) it t, ,t ilk. A by C. L. Boyd. /‘t /1- Fall of 1894 Eld. White began work in I Memphis, then in /1,, 0,4-1 Vicksburg and Yazoo. ,__,14. • A.". (f L(4 c'I l'e7 , June 19, 1896 i lig", 44.414 :te 1 Lt...1 I Birmingham church IAA- I j. /1 el t; . i4. ) n 14-,•7 141,1,1 e organized (15 mem.), i 1 ' Eld. Hottel." AC I ■ The Morning Star ■

The "Morning Star" boat that Edson White used to evangelize Mississippi with the "Dawn" tied behind it.

uring the 1880s the Seventh-day appeal, which was entitled "Our Duty to the Adventist Church began to organize Colored People," Mrs. White challenged the D churches among Blacks in the South. church to begin an expanded work among I In 1886, E. B. Lane preached at a church in Black people in the South. Ellen White's son Edgefield Junction, Tennessee, and C. M. Edson was convicted by her message and Kinny organized several other churches in compiled it along with several of her other I Louisville and Bowling Green, Kentucky; messages on the same subject in a little book New Orleans, Louisiana; and Nashville called The Southern Work. Tennessee. Because Ellen White felt that Not only did Edson White compile her more should be done on behalf of Blacks in messages regarding the work to be done, he the South, on March 21, 1891, she made a decided to comply with her call for workers special appeal to 30 of the leaders present at by going to Mississippi himself. Along with the General Conference session. In her Will Palmer, Edson hired a Captain Orton to I

I / I \ 27 I build the frames for a steamboat they would Adventist Church was established in call the "Morning Star." The boat's frames Memphis. Thus, God turned the delay into a were built in Battle Creek, Michigan, and blessing. Meanwhile, God had been preparing shipped down the Kalamazoo River to Vicksburg, Mississippi, for their arrival. The Allegan, Michigan, where the boat was Blacks there sensed a need for revival. They completed in July of 1894. were under conviction from the preaching of The boat was seventy-two feet long, and its Alonzo Parker, a Black man, who had come hull was 12 feet wide at the bottom. It had from Louisiana preaching from Bible five staterooms, an office, a main cabin or Readings for the Home. When the people salon, a nice dining room, a heard him, they soon beat him to kitchen, and a large deck area for death in the streets of Vicksburg. meetings. As he was dying he said, "There Edson White and Will Palmer will come to you people of launched the boat at Allegan, Vicksburg just one more chance Michigan, and sailed on the from God one year from now." Kalamazoo River to Saugatuck Conditioned by this Harbor on Lake Michigan. From experience, the Blacks of that point they followed the Vicksburg were curious, excited, shoreline of the lake around to and uneasy on Thursday, January Douglas. There, another boat, the 10, 1895, when the "Morning "Bon Ami," towed them across Star" with ministers and teachers Lake Michigan. The trip was on board came steaming into stormy, and they feared that they Centennial Lake and docked just would be lost, but 14 hours later Edson White below Fort Hill. they reached Chicago where they were joined Edson White and his group visited Mt. by Walter Cleveland, F. Walter Halladay, and Zion Baptist church, and soon a class was Louis Kraus. started at Katie Holston's home. Within They then followed the Illinois River to the weeks, Hannah Washington, Katie Holston, Mississippi River, stopping at major cities Will Maxie, Grant Royston, and Duncan along the way to sell the book Gospel Primer Astrap became the first Sabbathkeepers. Soon as a means of support. In St. Louis, after an a church was constructed in Vicksburg with a unsuccessful search for a licensed pilot, they home adjoining it for colporteurs. This hired a Black teenager, Finis Parker, to pilot building was named the Morning Star the "Morning Star" for the 300-mile trip to Seventh-day Adventist Church and was the Memphis. Because he had no license, every place of worship for Seventh-day Adventists time they came in sight of another vessel, he in Vicksburg until it was destroyed by a would hand the wheel to White or Palmer. tornado in 1950. In Memphis, they were fined $500 for In time, almost 40 schools were opened in operating without a licensed pilot. While the state of Mississippi where Blacks could waiting to clear up the fine, they visited a learn reading, writing, arithmetic, and Bible. local First-day Adventist church. In a short To further organize the work he was doing, time, the pastor and most of the members ac- Edson organized the Southern Missionary cepted the Sabbath truth, and the Seventh-day Society in Yazoo City. Later he moved the

28 ■

School. Later the star was donated to Oak- I wood College where for years it hung on the old Normal Building and now is in the Oakwood College Archives. I The influence of the "Morning Star" gave strong impetus to the evangelization of Blacks I throughout the South. Writing to Edson in 1902 about the influence of the "Morning Star," Ellen White said, "Novelty of the idea 1 excited curiosity, and many came to see and hear. I know that through the agency of this I boat, places have been reached where the light of truth had never shone--places represented to me as 'the hedges'. It has been a means of sowing the seeds of truth in many hearts, and many souls have first seen the light of truth while on this boat. On it angel feet have I The "Morning Star's" bell is housed in the trodden." Letter 139, 1902. Oakwood College Museum Even in 1989 there are persons alive who I headquarters for the Southern Missionary attended school on the "Morning Star". There Society to Nashville and it became known as are many others who can trace their member- the Southern Publishing Association. ship in the Seventh-day Adventist Church to In the early 1900s the "Morning Star" was the fact that one of their relatives attended beached in Nashville, Tennessee, where it was school on the boat. Josephine Green, the I to be used as an office, but someone set fire to mother of Dr. Carl Dent attended school on the boat. After the boat was burned, the star the "Morning Star" when she was twenty. was removed from where it hung between the Etta Littlejohn, mother of Elder Charles I smoke stacks and given to a school for White Bradford, and Cynthia Gertrude Johnson, Dr. children near Huntsville, Alabama; and the Garland Millet's mother, also attended school I boat's boiler was donated to the Oakwood on the "Morning Star."

Sources: Reynolds, Louis B., We Have Tomorrow, Washington, DC, Review & Herald Publishing Assn., 1984. Seventh-day Adventist Encyclopedia, Review & Herald Publishing Assn., 1966.

29 I ■ I I I I I

1 I I 1 I

I I

I I I I I The Gospel Spreads to Black America I Student Activities Skids Inventory I C. M. Kinny I Activity Skill K-2 Color drawing Using eye-hand coordination I Dress C. M. Kinny Developing artistic expression 3-6 I Matching questions/answers Developing an historic overnew Complete statements Reinforcing listening skills 7-9 I Complete statements Reinforcing recall of facts Word search Reinforcing recall of facts 9-12 1 Complete statements Reinforcing recall of facts Word search Reinforcing recall of facts I Morning Star • Activity Skill K-2 Dot-to-dot activity Using eye-hand coordination I Color the bell Using eye-hand coordination 3-6 Word search Reinforcing vocabulary development I Map exercise Developing map study skills 7-9 I Map exercise Developing map study skills Coded message Reinforcing spelling skills 9-12 I Map exercise Developing map study skills Coded message Reinforcing spelling skills I I 1 \ / I /I \ 31 I

Charley M. Kinny Student Activity Sheet I

Name Date

Directions: Color Charles M. Kinny, the first black Seventh-day I Adventist ordained minister.

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I 111

CMK * I 32 U ASTR Research Charley N. Kinny Center Library 111 Student Activity Sheet General Conference of Seventh-clay Adval

111 Name Date

Directions: Dress Elder Kinny

Materials needed: Fabrics (scraps from mother's sewing basket or construction paper) Outline of the man Glue or paste Scissors

U Cut clothes out of the scraps to fit the paper doll. Use your imagination as to the clothes Elder Kinny would have worn in 111 the early 1900s.

I I

111 CMK : 33 I Charley M. Kinny Student Activity Sheet Name Date

Matching Questions

Directions: Match the words in Column A with their phrases in Column B. All definitions may not be used. Column A Column B

1. canvassing first Black SDA ordained minister slave number of Black SDAs when Elder Kinny died Healdsburg SDA College in 1951 4. prejudice pastor 5. Charles Kinny extremely small 6. ordained to go through a city asking for book orders, minister votes, and subscriptions Oakwood College to keep safe; protect 9. 96 SDA college in Huntsville, Alabama almost 50,000 an estate or plantation Reno, Nevada a person who is the property of another a statement of fact Charles Kinny's age at death an opinion formed without taking time and care to judge fairly Charles Kinny baptized there in 1878 California college now known as Pacific Union College 0. appointed and consecrated as a minister

CMK ** 34 Charle8 N. Kinny Student Activity Sheet

Name Date

Directions: Complete the following statements:

Charles Kinny was baptized by

Many Blacks left the South after the Civil War because

I Charles was elected secretary of the

Charles M. Kinny was the first

He was also the founder of

Probably the most important event in Charles' life was when he was I

rebuked White members who tried to segregate Kinny

and his members at camp meeting.

Charles founded the in New Orleans.

Kinny suggested the as the

solution to many Black-White problems in the Seventh-day Adventist Church. I

I CMK ******* 35 I Morning Star Student Activity Sheet I Name Date Directions: Connect the dots, beginning with number 1. I I

3 I • I I 2 4 5 1 I •

I 10D S 6 • I I • 8 I • 9 7 I I

Nis I 36

Morning Star Student Activity Sheet Name Date Directions: Color this historical bell that was rung to call the people of Vicksburg, Mississippi to meetings on the "Morning Star" boat.

37 Morning Star Student Activity Sheet

Name Date The Morning Star Word Search

Directions: Here are 15 words to look for. Can you find and circle them?

Morning Star Gospel Primer Parker Boat Memphis Maxey Palmer Yazoo River Edson Little John Katie Finis Hannah Vicksburg

MORNI NGSTARUH ZRXQNPUKTEF A MRGT OA BOA TM I N P I ESREOL TCLN N VDKI Z SRI J Al A I EEMAX EYEBPSH RKYVI CKSBURG CGOSPELPRI MER L I TTLEJOHNRSN

Ms ** 38 Morning Star Student Activity Sheet I Name Date I Trail Of The Morning Star ■ Directions: Trace a line showing the path that the "Morning Star" followed from its construction in Battle Creek and Allegan, Michigan I down to Vicksburg, Mississippi. Then write the name of each city in the spaces provided. I

■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ I ■ I I MS *-A- 39 I

I Morning Star Student Activity Sheet Name Date Trail of the Morning Star Directions: Trace the trail of the "Morning Star" from its construction in Battle Creek, Michigan to Vicksburg, Mississippi. Then place the number of the cities below on the map and label water ways and lakes using the legend below: Battle Creek, MI 4. Saugatuck, MI 7. Cairo, IL Allegan, MI 5. Chicago, IL 8. Memphis, TN Douglas, MI 6. St. Louis, MO 9. Vicksburg, MS

Legend: o Waterways + Lake

MS ** **** I Morning Star I Student Activity Sheet Name Date 111 Coded Message 111 Directions: Find out what the coded message states by placing the correct letter in the blanks given. Use the alphabet code at the 111 bottom of the page.

II 20 8 5 13 15 18 14 9 14 7 19 20 1 18 111 4 15 3 11 19 1 20 22 9 3 11 19 2 21 18 7 II

111 13 9 19 19 9 19 19 9 16 16 9 13 1 14 25

II 16 5 15 16 12 5 3 15 13 5 20 15 20 8 5

0 2 15 1 20 6 15 18 19 5 18 22 9 3 5 19 111 ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRS II 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19

111 TUVWXYZ 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 II

II MS *** I * ** * I I I I I I I I 1 I I I I I I I I I I The North American Regional Department

n 1894, there were about 50 Black were not being reached as well as a bridge I Seventh-day Adventists in the United between the two races. So they decided on the States and five Black Seventh-day formation of the North American Negro Adventist churches. The earliest Black Department of the General Conference. Seventh-day Adventist church was organized Elder J. W. Christian was elected as the in Edgefield Junction, Tennessee, in 1886. first secretary to the new North American Soon other churches were organized in Negro Department. Within months of his Louisville, Kentucky (1890), in Bowling election Elder Christian resigned due to ill Green, Kentucky (1891), New Orleans, health, and was succeeded by A. J. Haysmer Louisiana, (1892) and Nashville, Tennessee, who had been a missionary in the West Indies. (1894). When the General Conference met in In 1914, C. B. Stephenson became secretary 1909, there were 900 Blacks in the Seventh- of the Negro Department. day Adventist Church in North America. By 1918 the Black membership had grown At this General Conference it was recom- to 3,500. Some of the evangelists responsible mended that the work for Blacks be organized for this growth included Sydney Scott, A. on a mission basis in each existing union and that as the work progressed these union missions would be organized into local missions. However, Sydney Scott, J. K. Humphrey, W. H. Green and other Blacks that were present were not satisfied with only the organization of missions. They saw the need of and wanted representation on all levels of the Church as well. They did not want to be departmentalized into a separate unit of the Church. They were also concerned that the department be a road for the advancement of the cause among Early Seventh-day Adventist evangelists John Green, the many thousands of Blacks that M. C. Strachan, John Mann and Sydney Scott

/ I \ 43 Barry, J. K. Humphrey, G. E. Peters, U. S. 3,500. These returned a tithe of $140,000 and Willis, C. M. Kinny, T. B. Buckner, M. C. $34,000 for missions. Strachan, P. G. Rogers, J. C. Dasent, L. C. By 1922, just five years later, membership Sheafe, John Manns, John Green, B. W. had doubled to 7,000 and the tithe had leaped Abney, and J. H. Laurence. to $533,000. This was an increase of almost With a Black membership of 3,500 and an 400% in tithe. Missions offerings had I able group of ministers and workers, the time skyrocketed from $34,000 to a startling had come for a Black $309,529. This was a phenomenal gain of leader. Therefore in 900%. God clearly is able to use people of all I 1918, W. H. Green, a races, on all levels and in all areas of church former attorney who operations. I had argued cases Elder Green traveled the country so much before the United that he had memorized the railroad timetable States Supreme for every major U.S. city and it is said that he I Court, was elected lived out of a suitcase. As a result of his busy the first Black itinerary he was nicknamed "cross-country." I secretary of the North When Elder Green died from exhaustion in American Negro 1928, he was succeeded by Elder G. E. Peters, Department of the another able leader. I W. H. Green General Conference. By the 1930 General Conference session, He was also the first four union conferences had selected union Black to serve in the General Conference. level Negro Department secretaries. This The next five years were momentous ones formed a stronger relationship between the that proved the value and effectiveness of Negro Department and ministers in the local I Black leadership. In 1918, when W. H. Green missions as well as the local churches. Elder assumed the office of secretary of the Peters reported that among Blacks in the Department, the Black membership was United States, there were 119 church I buildings, 44 ordained ministers, 26 licentiates, I and 16 Bible workers. Adventist education had been promoted to the point I that the Black membership had five church school buildings, 40 church I schools, 48 elementary teachers and an academy I with four teachers and a junior college with 20 teachers. During this I General Conference session, Elder Frank L. ■ Elder W. H. Green and ministers attending the first Black Ministers' Peterson was elected to Convention east of the Rocky Mountains 44 I step forward for Blacks. I The Black membership that was 8,114 in 1930, 12,023 in 1936; and 14,537 in 1940 had risen to 19,008 in 1945. This represented an I average annual baptism rate of 894 for the years 1940-1945. For some years, the Black leaders had seen I and spoken of the need of Black conferences. At the 1944 Spring Council it was recom- I mended that union conferences with suf- ficiently large Black constituencies organize colored conferences. Beginning in 1944 with I 233 churches and approximately 17,000 members, Regional conferences were I organized. In 1941, Elder G. E. Peters began to publish the NORTH AMERICAN I INFORMANT. This journal gave a voice to Elder Benjamin W. Abney and family the Black members of the Seventh-day I Adventist Church in North America, and told succeed G. E. Peters as secretary of the Negro the progress of the work done by the members Department (1930-1941). and ministers of the Colored Department in In 1931, Elder and Mrs. B. W. Abney went America and abroad. to the South Africa Division where they By the 1950 General Conference session, served as missionaries. The first Black the Colored Department had experienced Seventh-day Adventist missionary had been many changes; six new Colored conferences James E. Patterson who went to Jamaica in provided broader Black representation at the I 1892. Other early Black Seventh-day General Adventist missionaries were Anna Knight, Conference who served in India (1901), and Thomas session. Elder Branch (1902) who established the Malamulo Peters reported Mission in East Africa. that some of the The year 1941 saw Elder G. E. Peters conferences reelected as secretary of the North American were already Negro Department, and the name Negro free of debt, and I Department was changed to North American the membership Colored Department. Geneva Ryan, RN, was had also grown elected to serve as an assistant secretary of the to 2 6 , 3 4 1 , I Department. Her work was to visit and showing the inspect all Black Seventh-day Adventist benefit of the I schools and give health lectures. In 1944, Regional Anna Knight went to India as Elder L. B. Reynolds became the Black editor conference for the first SDA Black woman to I of MESSAGE magazine. This was another soul-winning. serve as a missionary. 45 I directed by W. S. Banfield. By that time the membership had soared to 113,696 with tithe I of $26,756,207. Upon the retirement of Elder I Banfield in 1989, Dr. Rosa Banks I became secretary of the office of Human Relations I which now serves the world and I represents all persons in the area of human I relationships. As we look back, we can say, "What I hath God Early Louisiana-Mississippi camp meeting held in Jackson, Mississippi wrought!" Surely I God is leading out In the years that followed, the department was a church comprised of all races, kindreds, renamed North American Regional Depart- tongues, and peoples. I ment. Elder F. L. Peterson left the Regional Department to become the I first Black elected to the office of associate secretary of the General Conference. Elder C. E. Moseley ■ succeeded Elder Peterson as secretary of the Regional Department. Other I men who served admirably as secretary of this department were H. D. Singleton, W. W. Fordham and W. S. I Banfield. In 1978, the North American Regional Department which had served I effectively during its years by promoting the Black work and I lessening racial tensions, became the office of Human Relations and was Some ministers attending the 1936 General Conference in San Francisco, California. I 46 Regional Conferences

et us look at a map of the continental Central States Conference, Lake Region L United States and see how all members Conference, Northeastern Conference, South of the Black Seventh-day Adventist Atlantic Conference, South Central churches have been grouped. Conference, and Southwest Region This map shows us that the states have Conference. In some areas as few as two been divided into nine geographical regions. states or as many as 10 states form what is In alphabetical order we can see the Allegheny called a Regional conference. The name East Conference, Allegheny West Conference, Regional conference was suggested by Albert

North Pacific Union Portland, Ore. Central States Elbert Shepherd Lake Region Allegheny West Kansas City, Mo. Chicago. Ill. J. Paul Monk Columbus, Ohio Luther R. Palmer Willie J. Lewis Northeastern St. Albans, N. Y. Stennett Brooks

Rhode Island sIt oilocctIc les0 Allegheny East , „,w Pine Forge, Pa. Alvin M. Kibble

South Atlantic Ha wau Atlanta, Ga. C.3:1 Ralph Peay

Southeastern Pacific Union Orlando, Fla. West Lake Village, Calif. Jackson Doggette Earl Canson South Central Southwest Region Nashville, Tenn. Dallas, Tex. Charles Dudley, Sr. Richard Barron

Thomas Maycock, a lay member of the Black membership in the United States was Executive Committee when the Lake Region 17,000. Four years later the membership had Conference was organized. He suggested the leaped to 26,341. By 1988 the combined name "Region" because these conferences membership of the Regional conferences was cover geographical areas. 174,918. The action to organize Regional con- They provide opportunities for Blacks to ferences was taken in 1944 at the Spring exercise leadership gifts. They, in turn, become Meeting of the General Conference in role models. Chicago, Illinois. Blacks now serve on some committees, These conferences have provided three boards and in offices on the conference level benefits for Blacks: where they would not otherwise serve. 1. They have been the most effective Now let us study each of the Regional means of evangelizing Blacks. When Regional conferences beginning with the Lake Region conferences were organized in 1944 the total Conference which was organized first.

Lake Qegion Conference

James G. Dasent L. R. Palmer 1945 - 1949 1987 -

The Lake Region Conference, formally served as secretary-treasurer. Other presidents organized September 26, 1944, was the first of have been Thomas M. Fountain, Harvey W. the Regional conferences. It covers the states Kibble, Charles E. Bradford, Jesse R. Wagner, of Illinois, Indiana, Michigan, Minnesota and Charles D. Joseph and Luther R. Palmer. Wisconsin and has its headquarters in With a membership of 19,479 in 1987, 77 Chicago, Illinois. churches and eight schools in 1988, Lake The first officers of this conference were Region is the second largest and fastest Elder James G. Dasent who served as growing conference in the Lake Union. president and Elder Fred N. Crowe who 48 Northeastern Conference U

■

New viattipshire

\term°'it

JSetW SSaGh

Rhode Island

Connecticut Stennett Brooks L. H. Bland 1945 - 1954 1988- The Northeastern Conference was or- Singleton, R. T. Hudson, George R. Earle, and I ganized in 1944 with 2,400 members in the Leonard G. Newton. Stennett Brooks became states of New York, Connecticut, Maine, New president in 1988. Hampshire, Massachusetts, Rhode Island and At the end of 1988, Northeastern had I Vermont. Its headquarters is in St. Albans, 31,736 members, 98 churches, one academy New York. and 14 elementary schools. This made it the largest conference in the Atlantic Union and I On October 3, 1944, Louis H. Bland, Sr., and Lionel 0. Irons were elected to be the first the fourth largest conference in the North president and secretary-treasurer, respectively. American Division. Elder Bland was succeeded by Harold D.

Allegheny Conference

New Jersey

Delaware I Maryland ■

I Wm. L. Cheatham John H. Wagner 1945 - 1953 1954 - 1966 49 I • In January, 1945, the Allegheny Con- conference moved its headquarters there. ference began to serve the Black constituency John H. Wagner and James L. Moran in Pennsylvania, Ohio, West Virginia, served as the first president and secretary- Virginia, Maryland, the District of Columbia, treasurer of the Allegheny Conference, Delaware, and New Jersey. Its first respectively. William Cheatham succeeded headquarters was the back room of Joseph Elder Wagner as president. Dodson's Howard University Bookstore in The membership grew from a little more Washington, D C, but before long they were than 4,000 in 1945 to 11,542 in 1966. In 1966 moved to an office on Irving Street. In 1946, the decision was made to divide the Allegheny when a site was purchased in Pine Forge, Conference into the Allegheny East and Pennsylvania, for a school and campsite, the Allegheny West conferences.

Allegheny {a8t Conference

Pennsylvania New Jersey

Delaware

Virginia Maryland

W. A. Thompson Alvin M. Kibble 1967 - 1970 1988 -

The Allegheny East Conference was president with Edward Dorsey serving as formed after the old Allegheny Conference secretary-treasurer. Other presidents have was divided in 1966. The territory of the been Edward Dorsey, Luther R. Palmer, Jr., Allegheny East Conference includes the and Meade C. Van Putten. eastern portion of Pennsylvania, all of New In 1988, Alvin M. Kibble was elected Jersey, all of Delaware, most of Maryland, president and serves a membership of the District of Columbia, and eastern 19,210, with 81 churches, 12 elementary Virginia with headquarters in Pine Forge, schools and one academy that is operated Pennsylvania. jointly with Allegheny West Conference. W. Albert Thompson was the first

50 ■ Allegheny West Conference

■ Pennsylvania

Maryland

Virginia

W. J. Lewis Walter Starks I 1967 - 1968 1988 -

The Allegheny West Conference was Donald Simons, Harold L. Cleveland, Henry organized in 1967 with Columbus, Ohio as its M. Wright and Willie J. Lewis. I headquarters. The conference covers Ohio, Because of aggressive evangelism, the western Pennsylvania, part of Maryland, part membership of this conference was 9,617 by of Virginia, and all of West Virginia. 1988. It serves 52 churches, three elementary The first president and secretary-treas'urer schools and one academy, Pine Forge, that is were Walter M. Starks and Aaron Brogden, operated jointly with Allegheny East respectively. Other presidents have been Conference.

U South Atlantic Conference

■ ■ ■ ■ Ralph Peay ■ H. D. Singleton 1946 - 1954 1988 - 51

The South Atlantic Conference was In 1981, the South Atlantic Conference organized in 1946 with headquarters in had a membership of 21,541 and such a large Atlanta, Georgia. Its original territory was territory that the Southern Union executive North Carolina, South Carolina, Georgia, and committee decided to divide it into two Florida. sections. Southern Georgia and Florida were Harold D. Singleton was its first president formed into what is called the Southeastern and Lyle S. Follette was the first secre- Conference. Six years later, South Atlantic's tary-treasurer. John H. Wagner, Sr., Warren membership had grown to 20,901, less than S. Banfield, Robert L. Woodfork, Ralph B. 700 members short of its 1981 membership. It Hairston and Ralph Peay have since served as presently has 92 churches, 14 elementary presidents. schools and one academy.

(South Central Conference

Herman R. Murphy Charles E. Dudley 1946 - 1954 1962 -

The South Central Conference was Murphy was succeeded by Walter W. organized in 1946 and includes the states of Fordham, Frank L. Bland, and Charles E. Kentucky, Tennessee, Alabama, Mississippi Dudley, Sr. Elder Dudley has served as and that part of Florida which is west of the president since 1962. Apalachicola River. Its headquarters is Since the conference was organized in located in Nashville, Tennessee. 1946 it has grown from 2,235 to 19,374 in When the conference was organized, 1988. Within its territory are 127 churches, Herman Murphy was elected as president and 11 elementary schools, Oakwood Academy, Von G. Lindsey as secretary-treasurer. Elder and Oakwood College.

52 I ■ Central State8 Conference

I ■

J. Paul Monk Thomas M. Rowe 1947 - 1948 1985 - I The Central States Conference territory schools are in this conference. includes Colorado, Iowa, Kansas, Missouri, Thomas M. Rowe and J. H. Jones were the Nebraska, Wyoming, San Juan County of first president and secretary-treasurer. Other New Mexico, Minnesota, North Dakota and presidents who have served this conference South Dakota. It was organized as a mission are Frank L. Bland, Walter W. Fordham, I on January 1, 1947 with a membership of Willie S. Lee, Donald L. Crowder, Samuel D. merely 798, but grew to 4,916 by 1988. Myers, S. Haywood Cox, and J. Paul Monk. Thirty-two churches and three elementary I Southeastern Conference

■ ■ ■ ■ Jackson Doggette James Edgecombe I 1981 - 1988 1988 - 53 I With headquarters in Altamonte Springs, growth under presidents James Edgecombe Florida, Southeastern Conference serves the and Jackson Doggette and secretary-treasurer constituency of southern Georgia and all of Donald Walker. Florida lying east of the Apalachicola River. Today, Southeastern's membership is Since its organization in 1981, this 14,091 in 81 churches. It also operates seven conference has experienced phenomenal elementary schools and one academy.

Southwest Region Conference

W. W. Fordham Richard Barron 1947 - 1948 1986 -

The Southwest Region Conference includes Murphy, Vincent L. Roberts, William J. Arkansas, Louisiana, New Mexico, Oklahoma Cleveland, William C. Jones and Richard and Texas with headquarters in Dallas, Texas. Barron. Under these leaders the membership When the constituency met to organize in has grown from 1,939 in 1946 to 12,389 in 1946, it elected Walter W. Fordham president 1988. This conference has 83 churches and 10 and Vincent L. Roberts secretary-treasurer. elementary schools. Other presidents have been Herman R.

54 I Bermuda Conference

I Bermuda I Edward Richardson Robert Carter I 1975 - 1977 1986 -

I Seventh-day Adventists first began to work president to serve the Bermuda Mission in in Bermuda around the turn of the century. 1975. He was succeeded by Alvin The number of believers grew until, in 1959, Goulbourne. In 1986, the Bermuda Mission • the Bermuda Mission was established with assumed conference status and elected Edward 829 members during the presidency of H. Richardson as president. I Reese Jenkins. Its territory is the Bermuda By the end of 1988, the conference had Islands with headquarters in Hamilton. 2,496 members, eight churches and one school I Robert Carter became the first Black with grades 1-12. I I I I I Sources: Newfeld, Don, Seventh-day Adventist Encyclopedia. Revised Edition, Washington, DC, Review & Herald Publishing Association, 1976. I Reynolds, Louis B., We Have Tomorrow, Washington, DC, Review & Herald Publishing Association, 1984. I 55 I

Dlack8 on the We$t Coa8t and in Canada

he Black members in the Pacific during the sixties. "With an urge to change Union, North Pacific Union and in their status, West Indian Seventh-day ,T Canada are not organized into Adventists arrived in Canada with an I Regional conferences. The Black overwhelming desire of becoming a part of the SDA churches in these areas are included in great Canadian national, cultural and religious the White conferences. In regard to this mosaic, while retaining some visible threads I arrangement on the West Coast, Louis of their own identity." They joined the White Reynolds notes: Seventh-day Adventist churches but missed "When Black pastors were called together the MV meetings, found the singing to be I in 1955, they voiced what they felt to be the different, and the atmosphere too formal. sentiments of their constituents: that in the Those who migrated from the Carribbean I existing conference structure, they believed reacted in two different ways. Some that departmental and administrative positions suppressed their own culture to adopt the would be opened to Black leaders in the Canadian style of worship, and others sought I conferences. They felt that by this means to blend Carribbean and Canadian culture. some of the accomplishments of Regional Those who sought to blend the two cultures I conferences would be duplicated in the Pacific set up congregations that would be open to all Union territory. They could plan ways to cultures and allow for cross-cultural develop an integrated system of operation fellowship and worship experiences. Some I throughout the union and its related fields." Whites joined these churches but the majority In Canada the situation is somewhat of the Black churches in Canada are different. Blacks began to migrate from the predominantly Carribbean or Haitian in I Caribbean to Canada in considerable number membership. I

I 56 pacific Union Conference

Hawaii

F. L. Peterson Earl Canson

Jennie Ireland began the Adventist work Seventh-day Adventists in its territory which among Blacks on the West Coast in 1896. includes Arizona, California, Hawaii, John- Her work led to the organization of the ston Island, Nevada, and Utah. At the end of Furlong church (currently University) in Los 1988, there were 19,748 Black members, 50 Angeles. God sent many Blacks such as the churches, 14 elementary schools and two Owen Troys, the Paul Bontemps family, P. G. academies that were predominately Black in Rodgers, Dr. Ruth Temple and others who the Pacific Union Conference. helped evangelize the West Coast in the early The first Office of Regional Affairs years by preaching, healing, and education. secretary was F. L. Peterson. Successors have The Office of Regional Affairs, established been Owen Troy, Sr., Willie S. Lee, Sr., G. in 1942, supervises the work among Black Nathaniel Banks, and Earl A. Canson. North pacific Union Conference

Elbert Shepherd Edward White 1976 - 1986 1986 - 57 Elder William J. Cleveland was one of the Regional Affairs was Edward White, who was pioneers of the work in the North Pacific succeeded by E. Wayne Shepperd. Under the Union territory, which includes Alaska, Idaho, direction of these men the Black membership Montana, Oregon, and Washington. reached 1,357 by the end of 1988. The first secretary of the Office of

Canadian Union Conference

Orville Parchment Robert 0. A. Samms President, Ontario President, Quebec Conference Conference

In 1988, there were 8,598 Black Two Blacks, Orville D. Parchment and Seventh-day Adventists in Canada with a tithe Robert 0. A. Samms, have risen to become of $4,105,385. They were members of White presidents of the Ontario and Quebec congregations or 25 predominately Black conferences respectively. Roy Adams served churches scattered throughout Toronto, as an associate secretary of a conference Ontario, Quebec, Oshawa, Guelph, Hamilton, before he became the first Black to serve as an Ottawa, Windsor, and St. Catherines. associate editor of ADVENTIST REVIEW.

In the four decades that have passed since conferences contributed some $64,769,518 in the organization of the first Regional Affairs tithe during 1988, making them viable Office and the Regional conferences, God has constituents of the Seventh-day Adventist guided them to a total membership of 187,340 Church who are committed to preaching the or approximately 25% of the total membership gospel to all men and women so that Christ of the North American Division. These can come soon.

58 Of ficer8 of the Regional Conference8

1945-1988

ALLEGHENY CONFERENCE Secretaries K. S. Smallwood 1978-1982 Presidents W. J. Lewis 1982-1988 J. H. Wagner 1945-1953 C. Rogers 1987- W. L. Cheatham 1954-1966 Treasurers Secretary-Treasurers William McDonald 1978-1982 J. L. Moran 1945-1946 J. J. Mack 1982-1985 L. Bland 1946-1948 C. Keith 1985-1988 M. S. Banfield 1949-1960 James Wood 1988- W. A. Thompson 1960-1966 BERMUDA CONFERENCE ALLEGHENY EAST CONFERENCE Presidents Presidents R. Carter 1975-1977 W. A. Thompson 1967-1970 A. Goldbourne 1977-1986 E. Dorsey 1970-1975 Richardson 1986- R. Palmer 1975-1981 Secretary C. Van Putten 1981-1988 Simmons 1986- A. Kibble 1988- Treasurer Secretary-Treasurers Pearman 1989- E. Dorsey 1967-1970 C. Laurence 1970-1971 SOUTH ATLANTIC CONFERENCE Secretaries Presidents R. Palmer 1971-1975 H. D. Singleton 1946-1954 P. Cantrell 1975-1978 J. H. Wagner 1954-1962 C. Van Putten 1978-1981 W. S. Banfield 1962-1971 C. Cheatham 1988- R. L. Woodfork 1971-1980 R. B. Hairston 1980-1988 Treasurers R. Peay 1988- M. C. Van Putten 1971-1978 B. W. Mann 1978- Secretary- Treasurers L. S. Follette 1946-1952 ALLEGHENY WEST CONFERENCE N. G. Simons 1952-1959 L. S. Follette 1959-1965 Presidents F. L. Jones 1965-1971 W. M. Starks 1967-1968 J. A. Simons 1980- D. Simons 1968-1972 H. L. Cleveland 1972-1983 Secretaries H. M. Wright 1983-1988 R. B. Hairston 1973-1980 Willie J. Lewis 1988- V. Mendinghall 1980- Secretary-Treasurers Treasurers Aaron Brogden 1967-1971 T. W. Cantrell 1973-1976 James Washington 1972-1977 R. Patterson 1976-1980 L. Word 1980-

59 SOUTH CENTRAL CONFERENCE W. S. Lee 1966-1971 D. L. Crowder 1971-1974 Presidents S. D. Meyers 1974-1979 H. R. Murphy 1946-1954 H. Cox 1979-1985 W. W. Fordham 1954-1958 J. P. Monk 1985- F. L. Bland 1958-1962 Secretary-Treasurers E. Dudley 1962- J. H. Jones 1947-1951 Secretary-Treasurer H. T. Saulter 1951-1962 V. Lindsay 1946-1953 J. E. Meredith 1962-1973 L. E. Ford 1953-1966 J. A. Simons 1973-1980 J. A. Simons 1966-1972 L. B. Hampton 1980-1989 A. Walker 1972-1981 Phyllis Ware 1989- F. N. Crowe 1981-1984 LAKE REGION CONFERENCE Secretaries J. W. McCoy 1984- Presidents J. G. Dasent 1945-1949 Treasurers M. Fountain 1949-1951 F. N. Crowe 1984- H. W. Kibble 1951-1961 SOUTHEASTERN CONFERENCE C. E. Bradford 1961-1970 J. R. Wagner 1970-1977 Presidents C. D. Joseph 1977-1987 1987- J. A. Edgecombe 1981-1988 L. R. Palmer Jackson Doggette 1988- Secretary-Treasurers Secretary-Treasurer F. N. Crowe 1945-1961 J. H. Jones 1961-1964 Donald Walker 1981- 1964-1971 C. Van Putten SOUTHWEST REGION CONFERENCE R. C. Brown 1971- Secretary 1971- Presidents R. C. Brown W. W. Fordham 1947-1954 Treasurers H. R. Murphy 1954-1956 Mark Wright 1971-1973 L. Roberts 1956-1969 I. R. Palmer 1973-1981 J. Cleveland 1969-1976 D. C. Keith 1981-1985 W. C. Jones 1976-1986 L. Stone 1985- R. Barron 1986- Secretary-Treasurers V. L. Roberts 1947-1959 NORTHEASTERN CONFERENCE A. R. Carethers 1950-1958 Presidents J. E. Meredith 1958-1962 1945-1954 V. L. Roberts 1962-1964 L. H. Bland H. D. Singleton 1954-1962 M. L. Baez 1977-1982 1962-1966 S. L. Green 1985-1986 R. T. Hudson G. R. Earle 1966-1985 Secretaries L. G. Newton 1985-1988 C. M. Bailey 1973-1976 S. Brooks 1988- M. M. Young 1982-1985 Secretary-Treasurers L. Green 1986- L. 0. Irons 1945-1950 Treasurers V. L. Roberts 1950-1956 L. D. Henderson 1973-1977 F. L. Jones 1956-1964 1964-1968 H. Turner 1982-1985 S. H. Brooks H. P. Premdas 1987- Secretaries CENTRAL STATES CONFERENCE H. Carter 1968-1972 W. Stovall 1972-1979 Presidents H. W. Baptiste 1979- M. Rowe 1947-1948 Treasurers F. L. Bland 1948-1959 S. H. Brooks 1968-1988 W. W. Fordham 1959-1966 H. Hampton 1989- 60

111

111 North American Oegional Department and Conferences

I Skiffs Inventory and Student activities

■ Activity Skill

I K-2 Color picture Developing eye-hand coordination 111 Map puzzle Developing letter recognition

111 3-6 Fill in blanks Recognizing historical facts Developing map study skills I Map exercise 7-9 I Bar graph Developing skills in reading and preparing graphs I Map exercise Developing map study skills Creative writing Developing writing skills I 9-12 I Bar graph Developing skills in reading and preparing graphs I Map exercise Developing map study skills Creative writing Developing writing skills I

I ■ 61 ■ North American Regional Department Student Activity Sheet

Name Date Directions: Color the picture of the first General Conference Black officer, Elder W. H. Green

NARDC 62 I ■ North American Regional Dept. 8 Conferences Student Activity Sheet I Name Date I Find the Missing Letters

Directions: Print a vowel (a,e,i,o,u) on the missing lines to spell the names of the Black Regional conferences. Your teacher will go over I these names with you.

Lk R g 6. S th st rn N rth st rn 7. S th ntr I I II g h ny st 8. S thw st rn 1 II gh ny W st 9. C ntr I St t s ■ S th tl nt c 10. B rm d I Look at these words to help you find the missing letters. I South Atlantic Northeastern Central States Lake Region Southeastern Allegheny East South Central Central States Allegheny West Bermuda I 1 I NARDC 'A' I 63 I II North American Desional Dept. 8 Conferences ■ Student Activity Sheet

I Name Date Directions: Fill in the blanks by using the word bank at the bottom of 111 the page. 1. The North American Negro Department was organized in II The first secretary of the North American Negro Department was li

3. The first Black secretary of the Negro Department was a former attorney by the II name of 4. There were Black members in the North American Division III when the Negro Department was organized. 5. The name North American Negro Department was changed to North American II Department in 1942. 6. Elder served as secretary of the North American II Negro Department and published the 7. , RN, was the first woman and assistant IIII secretary of the Department. She attended to the aspects of the Department. IIII 8. The first meetings of the North American Negro Department were held at College in , Alabama. III 9. The Department was renamed North American Department in 1954. 1 10. The last three secretaries of the North American Regional Department were Elders

H. D. , W. W. and W. S. III Word Bank: 1909 Fordham J. W. Christian Medical 900 Colored W. H. Green Geneva Ryan Oakwood Huntsville G. E. Peters 1 Banfield Regional Singleton NORTH AMERICAN INFORMANT I

NARD ** il 64 ■

Regional Dept. Conf8. Name Date Student Activity Sheet Directions: Write in the names of each state. Then draw a border around each Regional conference territory. On the lines provided, write in the name of each Regional conference or department. You may color the map if you like.

NARDC

■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■I ■ ■ ■ ■ I North American Desional Dept. 8 Conferences ■ Student Activity Sheet

I Name Date Directions: Write a short paper telling why the North American a Regional Department was organized and explain how and why the work grew. Did the Blacks want to separate, or did they want representation and an organized, focused approach to Black soul winning? What did they want to avoid and achieve by this new arrangement?

I ■

NARDC *** **** I 66 ■ North American Desional Dept. 8 Conferences Student Activity Sheet

I Name Date

Directions: Draw a bar graph comparing the tithe gain in the North American Regional Department in 1918, 1922 and 1978. 1918 - $140,000 1922 - $533,000 1978 - $26,756,207

I Draw a line graph showing the membership growth in the Department from 1909 to 1978. 1909 - 900 1940 - 14,537 1965 - 56,496 1918 - 3,500 1945 - 17,891 1970 - 73,054 1918 - 7,000 1950 - 26,526 1975 - 97,515 I 1930 - 8,114 1954 - 31,078 1978 - 113,696 1936 -12,023 1960 - 43,139 I

■

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0 O 0 M I I II I II I 0 M I II I II 11 I / 1\ I I I I I I I I I Institutions • I and I I Publications I I I I I I I 71 In8titution8 and Dublication8

Preface

wo major educational institutions In the area of medical ministry, continue to contribute toward the Hadley Memorial Hospital serves the growth and development of Black community of Washington, DC, in Black Seventh-day Adventism providing quality health care for on the secondary and college levels. thousands of individuals in the inner Oakwood College, located in Huntsville, city. Even though Riverside Sanitarium Alabama, has provided the Black and Hospital is no longer in operation, Church in America with between 80 and its influence in helping provide medical 90 percent of its leaders and continues to care for Blacks in the South has been train and develop men and women who far-reaching. serve the Church in the traditional Over the years, the press has been an ministerial and educational fields and important medium in helping to spread provides society with doctors, lawyers, the three angels' messages as well as to business administrators, computer unify the Black Church by keeping its technicians and engineers, as well as members informed of the growth and other professionals. progress of the work among Blacks. Pine Forge Academy, for nearly half From the early beginnings of the a century, has served not only the Black GOSPEL HERALD, to the NORTH youth of North America, but has AMERICAN INFORMANT, attracted students from the islands of the MESSAGE, and today's NORTH sea and the continent of Africa. Pine AMERICAN REGIONAL VOICE, the Forge continues to provide secondary press has continued to link Black education in a unique boarding school Seventh-day Adventists together. setting. Our educational and medical Adventist elementary schools and institutions along with our publications junior and senior academies serve as will continue to play their respective major evangelistic agencies for the youth roles in helping to finish the work so that of the Church. our Savior might return soon.

72 Oakwood College

Oakwood Elementary School Normal Building while I was a student here at Huntsville, Alabama 35896 Oakwood College. I was studying to be a July, 1988 teacher, and I did my student teaching in that building. Dear Students: The present elementary school building I am a teacher here at Oakwood replaces the old one and is named for Anna Elementary School in the Anna Knight Knight, the first Black Seventh-day Adventist Building. This is one of the outstanding missionary to India. She was also a pioneer in places in the history of Black Seventh-day our Seventh-day Adventist church schools. Adventist education. Let me tell you the story As superintendent of education, and a of Oakwood College as I have come to know registered nurse as well, she visited my first it, both as a student here about 40 years ago, school in 1950 to evaluate my teaching and to and up to now as a teacher. give the students their annual hearing and eye If you could come to Huntsville, Alabama, tests. where NASA's Space and Rocket Center is, In response to a letter from his mother, you would also see a famous landmark Ellen .White, in 1894, James Edson White in Black Seventh-day Adventist history. Do you remember the story of the "Morning Star?" Well, the star from that boat from which it got its name and the school bell that was used to call the students to classes are located here in the Oakwood College archives. This same star hung on the front of the little two-room wooden school building called the The Eva B. Dykes Library at Oakwood College

/ I \ 73 operated a steamboat called the "Morning house with a well. The only attractive thing Star" on the Mississippi River, and conducted about it was 60 large oak trees that seemed to a school to teach Black people to read and overspread the farmland. So they named it write as well as lessons from the Word of "Oakwood." This is the plantation, it is said, God. Some of the students from the "Morning where Andrew Jackson often visited for Star" school were among the first students to relaxation and recreation such as horse racing. come to the Oakwood Industrial School when Today one of those oak trees still stands. It it opened in 1896. has been preserved as a symbol of the original A three-man committee was sent from the grove of beautiful oak trees. General Conference Association to the South The school began with a good student to find a suitable place to build a school. work program. Students attended classes in They were told to pay no more than $8,000 the morning and evening and worked during for the property. Their goal was to begin a the middle of the day in the laundry, broom school to continue education where the factory and farm. Students worked with the "Morning Star" school left off. They wanted faculty and constructed buildings year by year to train Black youth to become ministers, as the money was raised. The main cur- teachers, and nurses and to work as mis- riculum consisted of organized agriculture, sionaries for God. carpentry, blacksmithing, and other industries A 360-acre farm was located. We were such as broommaking, dressmaking, knitting, told that it had been a slave plantation. They and manufacturing boys'clothing. purchased the property from a man named Mr. The faculty and staff of Oakwood College Beasily. It had a few old cabins made of consisted of White men and women who came squared cedar logs, and an old run-down from the northern states. The White people of

The Fine Arts Building at Oakwood College 74 Huntsville frowned on the idea of northerners Emerson E. Cooper Interim - 1985 coming South to teach Negroes to read. James Benjamin J. Reaves 1986 I Edson White and Will Palmer got into trouble Today we see that the Oakwood Industrial for teaching Negro people on the "Morning School has grown from its first class of 16 I Star" around 1895 and 1896. students in 1896 to over 1,000 students in As Oakwood College grew, students 1989. Students now graduate with degrees in became more concerned about the curriculum. religion, education, biology, business, I The student body made requests to discuss chemistry, English, history, home economics, some of their concerns with the admini- mathematics and music. Oakwood graduates I stration, but they were refused an audience. A are found all over the USA and around the student named Samuel Rashford led a quiet, world. Many have earned additional degrees but respectful student protest. The students in higher institutions of learning. 1 felt they should have some Black faculty I do hope that if you ever have an oppor- members on the staff as well as a change in tunity to come to visit Oakwood that you will the administration of the school. do so. We shall be happy to have you visit. In 1932, James L. Moran, former principal We Oakwoodites like to agree with Dr. Eva of Harlem Academy (now Northeastern Dykes, who taught at Oakwood for many I Academy) became Oakwood's first Black years, and who always reminded us that president. Others who succeeded him were: "Oakwood is a place where loveliness keeps Frank L. Peterson 1945 house." Garland J. Millet 1954 Yours truly, Addison V. Pinkney 1963 Zeola Allston, Teacher I Frank L. Hale, Jr. 1966 Oakwood Academy Calvin B. Rock 1971

I Source: Acorn - Oakwood College Yearbook - 1946 - Oakwood College Archives, Huntsville, Alabama 75 I Gr Dre8ident8 of Oakwood College

■

I J. I. Beardsley J. A. Tucker J. L. Moran F. L. Peterson 1917-1923 1923-1932 1932-1945 1945-1954 I

J. G. Millet A. V. Pinkney F. W. Hale C. B. Rock 1954-1963 1963-1966 1966-1971 1971-1985

E. A. Cooper Benjamin Reaves 1985 (Fall) 1985-

/ I \ 76 ■ r 11 1_ _ 11111 Dine Forge Academy I The School- in the North

Kimbrough Hall is the girls' dormitory at Pine Forge Academy

ine Forge Academy, formerly known other academies that were operated by the I as Pine Forge Institute was established church practiced racial discrimination which in 1946 as the "School in the North." contributed to many Black young people Located in southeastern Pennsylvania, leaving the church altogether. There was a and nestled in a serene and majestic valley definite need for a boarding high school that beside the Manatawny Creek, stands the only would provide an environment where Black boarding academy in the United States young people could grow spiritually and operated by the Seventh-day Adventist Church academically under the leadership of Black for Black young people. administrators and teachers who would For many years, Elder John H. Wagner, Sr., promote a positive self-concept. had a burning desire to establish a boarding When the Allegheny Conference was school somewhere in the northern states for organized in 1945, one of the first goals was the Black young people of the church. the establishment of a boarding school. Oakwood Academy in Huntsville, Alabama, Walter Caution, a member of the Ebenezer was located in the South. Many feared SDA church in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, attending school in the southern states and the told his pastor, Elder Frank L. Bland, of a distance involved in traveling to Oakwood 575-acre farm near Pottstown, Pennsylvania, hindered many from enrolling there. The that was for sale. Elder Bland informed Elder

I 77 I Wagner. Wagner's committee visited the can history. property that was known as the "Rutter This was the site I Estate." The members were impressed with of the beginning the property and felt that it was ideal. Dr. of the iron I Grace Kimbrough, a physician in Phila- industry in the delphia, donated the earnest money to secure 1700s. During the property. Within nine months, the infant the Revolu- I conference under Elder Wagner's enthusiasm, tionary War, was able to raise over $42,000. By the fall of General George 1946, school was opened with over 90 Washington had I students enrolled from across North America. his artillery For nearly half a century, Pine Forge manufactured at I Academy has been producing Black leaders Pine Forge, and not only for the church but society as well. in all probability The early days at Pine Forge Institute were slept in the I pioneer ones. The old buildings were manor house. Elder John H. Wagner renovated to meet the needs of the new school. During the Civil I The grist mill became the first school War, Pine Forge served as a station of the building; the dairy barn served as the chapel; underground railroad. Today, the descendants the horse stable served as the first dining hall, of those fugitive slaves study, work, play and I and the rooms upstairs served as additional pray on grounds where their forefathers hid dormitory rooms for girls. The dog kennel from slave catchers. served as the laundry, and other buildings The student body of Pine Forge Academy I served as faculty/staff housing and the boys' has always been a cosmopolitan one with dormitory. The elegant Georgian-English style students enrolling from across North America, I manor house served as the girls' dormitory as the islands of the Caribbean, Bermuda, well as apartments for faculty. Central and South America, Asia and the The Pine Forge property is rich in Ameri- continent of Africa. I Currently, Richard Mills is serving as headmaster and I there are more that 250 students enrolled. Since the early days, a I physical plant has been developed that well rep- I resents Seventh-day Ad- ventism. The J. H. Wagner Administration Building 1 serves as the classroom building. Dr. Grace Kim- brough Hall is the girls' I dormitory. Robert L. Handy Manor House Hall serves as the boys' I 78 I dormitory. Funds from the 13th Sabbath chaperons were on a history field trip to offering overflow in 1972 assisted in the Boston. A violent attack was made on the erection of the boys' dormitory. The industrial Pine Forge group by a gang of white youth. arts building was erected in 1984. The Several of the students were physically injured academy campus church was built in 1985. along with their teacher. The news media Funds from the General Conference assisted picked up the story and carried it across the in the erection of the gymnasium in 1986. United States. What stood out in this incident In Louis B. Reynolds' book, We Have was the character of the students involved. Tomorrow, the question has been asked, "Is Their Christ-like attitude surfaced. The there a need for Pine Forge Academy today?" training that they had received at Pine Forge The following incident is just one example Academy testified to the fact that there will that answers this question in a positive always be a need for this academy. Its doors manner. Pine Forge Academy became the must remain open where Black young people focus of national and international attention in can receive the type of character training that 1977 when 14 students, along with their adult will last for eternity.

Pine Forge Academy's First Graduating Class

Sources: Brooks, Charles D., "Founding of Pine Forge Academy" pamphlet, 1970. Reynolds, Louis B., We Have Tomorrow, Review & Herald Publishing Association, Washington, DC, 1983. Pine Forge Institute FLAME, 1955. Oral Histories/Interview: Cheatham, William L.; Greene, Ruth M.; Wagner, Jesse; Battles, Charles D. THE NORTH AMERICAN INFORMANT, March/April, 1977. Seventh-day Adventist Encyclopedia. 79 I nine Forge Academy Drincipal8 I la 1 al I I J. L. Moran Robert L. Reynolds E. I. Watson Charles L. Brooks Luther R. Palmer 1946-1948 1948-1950 1950-1959 1959-1963 1963-1966 I I I I

4.... .0 I Cleveland B. Tivy Adrian T. Westney Auldwin Humphrey Paul R. Jones Rothacker Smith 1966-1969 1969-1976 1976-1979 1979-1981 1981-1982 • I I I

W. A. Cheatham Conrad Gill Richard Mills I I 1982-1985 1985-1989 1989- / I I 80 I

Schools That Serve Black Adventism

hroughout North America, many Allegheny West Conference Schools institutions have been established to Ethan Temple School Pittsburgh, PA help spread the message among Black Ramah Junior Academy Cleveland, OH I Adventists. The education work is the Shiloh Preparatory School Cincinnati, OH largest ministry that exists with the local I church. There are 87 elementary schools and Central States Conference Schools junior academies, nine senior academies and Central St. Conf. Jr. Acad. Kansas City, KS one college established specifically for the Dolea Fullwood Jr. Acad. Omaha, NE I Black youth of the church. Many non-Ad- St. Louis Jr. Acad. St. Louis, MO ventist youth are also enrolled in our schools. V. Lindsay Elem. School Kansas City, MO I Two of the major educational institutions, Oakwood College and Pine Forge Academy, Lake Region Conference Schools are presented in this section. In order to Calvin Center Elem. Sch. Cassopolis, MI I recognize all of the schools, the following list Capital Ave. Elem. Sch. Indianapolis, IN provides you with a comprehensive listing of Fairhaven Elementary School Flint, MI Gary, IN the other schools for Blacks in the United Mizpah Elementary School I States. Inkster, MI Peterson-Warren Acad. * Shalem Elementary School Waukegan, IL Allegheny East Conference Schools I Sharon Elementary School Milwaukee, WI Baltimore Junior Academy Baltimore, MD Shiloh Academy * Chicago, IL Calvary Church School Newport News, VA I Dupont Park School Washington, DC Northeastern Conference Schools Ephesus Junior Academy Richmond, VA Berea SDA Elementary Sch. Boston, MA I George E. Peters School Hyattsville, MD Bethel SDA Elem. Sch. Brooklyn, NY Harrisburg SDA School Harrisburg, PA Bethesda Elem. Sch. Amityville, NY Larchwood School Philadelphia, PA Brooklyn Temple Elem. Sch. Brooklyn, NY I Monmouth SDA School Buffalo, NY Neptune, NJ Emmanuel Temple School Mt. Sinai SDA School Trenton, NJ Excelsior School Brooklyn, NY Pine Forge Academy* Hartford, CT I Pine Forge, PA Faith SDA Elem. Sch. Pine Forge SDA Elem. Sch. Pine Forge, PA Flatbush SDA Elem. Sch. Brooklyn, NY Brooklyn, NY Sharon Temple Jr. Acad. Wilmington, DE Hanson Place Elem. Sch. I Trinity Temple Jr. Acad. Hillside, NJ Hebron Bi-Lingual School Brooklyn, NY Linden SDA Elem. Sch. Laurelton, NY R. T. Hudson SDA Elem. Sch. Bronx, NY I \n/

81 I Rochester Junior Academy Rochester, NY Southeastern Conference Schools West Chester Area Sch. New Rochelle, NY Ephesus Junior Academy Jacksonville, FL Northeastern Academy * New York, NY Ephesus West Palm Beach SDA School West Palm Beach, FL I South Atlantic Conference Schools Ft. Lauderdale District School Baldwin Chapel SDA Sch. High Point, NC Ft. Lauderdale, FL Berean Elementary Sch. Atlanta, GA Mt. Calvary SDA School Tampa, FL 1 Berean Junior Academy Charlotte, NC Shiloh SDA School Ocala, FL Bethany Junior Academy Macon, GA St. Petersburg-Elim SDA School I East Market SDA Sch. St. Petersburg, FL Greensboro, NC Ebenezer SDA School Augusta, GA Union Academy* Hialeah Gardens, FL Ephesus Junior Academy Wilmington, NC I Ephesus Jr. Acad. Winston-Salem, NC Gethsemane SDA School Raleigh, NC Southwest Region Conference Schools Greater Atlanta Adventist Acad.* Atlanta, GA Berea SDA School Baton Rouge, LA I J. W. Jackson Adv. Acad. LaGrange, NC Bethel SDA School Texarkana, TX Oakland Avenue SDA Sch. Florence, SC A. R. Carethers SDA School Houston, TX I Ramah Junior Academy Savannah, GA City Temple Junior Academy Dallas, TX Shepherd Drive SDA School Columbus, GA Emmanuel SDA School Hammond, LA I Wrens SDA Christian Acad. Wrens, GA Ephesus Junior Academy New Orleans, LA Pine Bluff, AR Zion Temple SDA Sch. Greenwood, NC Northside SDA School Shreveport, LA Philadelphia SDA School I Little Rock, AR South Central Conference Schools Shiloh SDA School Alcy SDA Junior Acad. Memphis, TN Smyrna SDA School Alexandria, LA Avondale SDA Sch. Chattanooga, TN I Bethany SDA Jr. Acad. Montgomery, AL Emma L. Minnis Jr. Acad. Louisville, KY Pacific Union Conference Schools I Emmanuel SDA School Mobile, AL (Whose Student Bodies Are Black) Ephesus Jr. Acad. Golden Gate Academy* Oakland, CA Birmingham, AL E. Rogers SDA School Golden Gate Elementary Oakland, CA Jackson, MS I H. Jenkins School Nashville, TN Los Angeles Union SDA Sch. Greenville District School Los Angeles, CA Greenville, MS Lynwood Adventist Acad.* Lynwood, CA 1 Huntsville Area School Huntsville, AL Oakwood Academy* Lynwood Adventist Elementary School Huntsville, AL Temple Gate SDA School Selma, AL Lynwood, CA I

*Designates a senior academy 9-12 Source: Department of Education Regional Conferences and Pacific Union Office of Regional Affairs. 82 I I Hadley Memorial flo8pital I `1 lie Vision Bold

I adley Memorial Hospital in Washing- ton, DC, reveals the story of the life work of Henry G. Hadley, MD, its I founder. This hospital grew out of an earlier one which was called the Washington Sanitarium Mission Hospital. The Mission Hospital opened its doors in 1914, under the direction of Dr. L. Elliot in an historic house once owned by Thomas Law. This was situated on Sixth Street in the Southwest section of Washington, DC—a community of mixed population. The primary purpose of the hospital was to train nurses to do self- Hadley Memorial Hospital I supporting work. The training program the director of nurses. This husband-and-wife consisted of many months of learning the use team had a special talent for hard work and of simple treatment, for which they received long hours. Others who also shared a burden I very little infor dedicated service joined the Hadleys at the come. Their Mission Hospital. I responsibilities The work of the hospital had been firmly included the established for 10 years when the original complete main- owners decided to sell it. Dr. Hadley bought I tenance of the hospital. Thus the medical missionary patients and work in southwest Washington, DC, was I facilities such as secured. cleaning, cook- Dr. Hadley worked night and day for years ing, and jani- without vacations; and his tremendous drive I torial services. produced results. During the 1930s the In 1919, Dr. hospital was improved providing space for I and Mrs. Hadley additional beds, offices and treatment rooms. took charge of Modern equipment was also added. the Mission In 1945, six acres of land were purchased Hospital. Mrs. by Dr. Hadley. Since then a new hospital has I Dr. and Mrs. Hadley, founders of Hadley served as been erected on this plot and named Hadley Hadley Memorial Hospital. I 1 \ / I 83 I Memorial Hospital in honor of Dr. Hadley's except about one percent that was given by mother, Sarah Hadley. friends, was raised from the earnings of the The old Hadley Clinic had a yearly patient Sixth Street Clinic. Upon completion, the census of 75,000 - 80,000. Many patients hospital was donated to the Columbia Union would stand in the halls or sit on the stairsteps Conference of Seventh-day Adventists. when the waiting room was filled. The good Administrators of the hospital have included: reputation of the clinic continued to spread in Wilma Tuttle (1952-1961), Harvey Rudiasaile 1 the community. Profits that totaled nearly a (1961-1967), E. E. Eldridge (1964-1969), million dollars was shared with academies, James Suzuki (1969-1984). Albert Dudley local and (1984- ) is the current administrator. He is I foreign missions the first Black to serve in this capacity. Since the closing of Riverside Hospital in and the General I Conference of 1983, many have felt that Hadley has taken its Seventh-day place in the Black Adventist medical work. In Adventists. An 1985, construction began on a new Hadley I early account Hospital which is a three-story brick building records that housing 81 beds. The new Hadley is joined I delivery of a with the old building by corridors. Thus the baby at the old and new are linked together in order to hospital in the provide modern health care for thousands of I early days cost patients. Doctors representing nearly every only $5, or less specialty are members of the medical staff if the family which numbers 154. There are approximately I could not pay 300 full-time and part-time employees. 114 that amount. Dr. Hadley's "vision bold" will continue in I Albert Dudley In 1952, a the greater Washington, DC, area as a legacy new building was completed at a cost of for the many who need and desire medical $1,250,000 and dedicated free of debt in 1955. care in a Christian environment. • All of the money needed for this new building,

Sources: The Story of Hadley Memorial Hospital" pamphlet. Seventh-day Adventist Encyclopedia THE NORTH AMERICAN INFORMANT, March/April 1977. Oral Interviews, Albert Dudley, 1988, Walter Fordham, 1988.

84 ■ Diver8ide Sanitarium And ficwital

On (The Banks- Of 'The Cumberland q&er

111111111111111111111111 11111111•111111111110 1111 111111111111111111111111111 I

I everal attempts to provide medical care before another attempt was made. for Black Seventh-day Adventists were Mrs. Nellie Druillard, a Scotswoman who S short lived. In 1901, the first Black served as a missionary in Africa, was I Seventh-day Adventist medical institution was concerned with the lack of medical training founded. Treatment rooms were established for Negroes in on Cherry Street in Nashville, Tennessee, in the South, and the hope that eventually this should become a so she was sanitarium. Fred M.Young served as the first determined to I superintendent, and in 1902, Lottie Isabell, do something MD, joined the institution. As the years about it. With a passed, this venture proved unsuccessful. $30,000 invest- In 1908, another building was secured. Dr. ment she built Lottie Isabell, now married to Dr. D. Blake, Riverside Sani- I was asked to head this new medical institution tarium and which was opened as the Rock City Sani- Institute in tarium in 1909. Hydrotherapy or "rag treat- 1927, for I ment" medicine as it was called, as well as American other natural treatments were not well Negroes. This received by the local community. This second was located on I effort also failed. Almost 20 years went by the banks of the Nellie Druillard

■ \n/ I \ 85 Cumberland River in Nashville, Tennessee. years as vice president of the medical staff. The first sanitarium was composed of From 1935-1948 the sanitarium was housed in I seven cottages, a chapel, living quarters for its original structure. Its reputation for men and women, a kitchen-dining hall, medical care, as well as spiritual care, grew cottage, and a house and office for Mrs. rapidly not only in the Nashville area but I Druillard. Mrs. Druillard singlehandedly across the nation. Negroes journeyed from all taught agriculture, fundamentals of education, parts of the United States to be treated at 1 hydrotherapy, and practical nursing. She Riverside. taught her stu- In 1948, the General Conference built a dents self- modern building housing 75 beds. It was now reliance and to called Riverside Sanitarium and Hospital. learn by doing. Later a chapel, nurses dormitory and apart- 1 One of the girls ment, along with an elementary church school who was trained were built on the grounds across the road from by Mrs. Druil- the South Central Conference headquarters lard was Grace office. A school of practical nursing was also McDonald, who established. served at River- Dr. J. Mark Cox served as president of the I side for more medical staff for many years and helped to than 50 years. organize the hospital medical staff. Harry D. Riverside Hospital Doctors/ Administrator; Drs. Carl Dent; In 1935, after Dobbins gave his expertise as sanitarium William Coopwood; Gardener learning of their manager. Adell Warren served as business Dixson; N. G. Simons, Admini- strator; Samuel DeShay; G. W. desire to estab- manager before being called to Oakwood Shurney; George Benson. lish a hospital in College. the South for Norman G. Simons was named Riverside's I Blacks, Mrs. Druillard turned over Riverside administrator in 1959. Under his admini- Hospital to the General Conference of stration, a new hospital building was erected Seventh-day Adventists. She stipulated that if in 1972. This updated the old facilities and I they ever abandoned the project it was to provided 55 beds for acute care. A profes- return to the Laymen's Foundation. sional medical building was built in 1976 I Harry E. Ford was asked to take over the which housed 16 suites of offices. responsibilities at Riverside after Mrs. Joseph Winston, who followed Simons at Druillard's retirement. Harry was an expert in Riverside, made strong efforts to save by the field of X-ray technology. His brother cutting back in the area of finances. During Louis came to assist him in the field of this time, Riverside was facing severe I nursing. Dr. T. R. M. Howard served as financial problems. medical superintendent/resident physician, As integration became more accepted, and Ruth Frazier assisted in nursing. many Blacks found it easier to obtain medical I Dr. Carl Dent joined the medical staff in care in the surrounding hospitals. This meant 1939 and remained until 1945. He was in less patients for Riverside. In spite of its private practice in Santa Monica, California quality services, patient census declined. I from 1945-1950 and then returned to The General Conference of Seventh-day Riverside where he served faithfully for 26 Adventists asked the Southern Adventist I 86 Health and Hospital Services (later the Sunbelt Riverside closed in 1983, thus ending more I Health Care Corporation) in 1976 to take over than six decades of medical care to the Black the management of Riverside. James E. Seventh-day Adventist Church and the I Merideth was chosen administrator to see the non-Adventist population in the Nashville hospital through this transition. area. Womack Rucker assumed the leadership of The influence of Riverside Sanitarium and I Riverside in 1981. The South Central Con- Hospital will ever remain alive in the minds of ference initiated a fund-raising drive in 1983 the many patients whose lives were touched I to save Riverside, the only Black Seventh-day by the healing obtained at the hospital located Adventist medical institution in North on the banks of the Cumberland River in I America. Unfortunately, the doors of Nashville, Tennessee.

■ I

Sources: Reynolds, Louis B., We Have Tomorrow, 1983, Review & Herald Publishing Association. THE NORTH AMERICAN INFORMANT, March/April, 1977. Seventh-day Adventist Encyclopedia I 87 I I I I I

Photo Photo I Not Not Available Available I I H. E. Ford Louis Ford H. D. Dobbins Adel Warren 1936-1938 1938-1944 1944-1947 1947-1952 I I Photo Not Available I I

L. S. Follette N. G. Simons J. P. Winston James Merideth I 1952-1959 1959-1972 1972-1977 1977-1980 I I I I Womack Rucker 1980-1983 I I 88 /I \ I I I In8titution8 I Skids Inventory for Student activities I Oakwood College Hadley Hospital Activity Skill Activity Skill I K-2 K-2 Color Oakwood school Developing eye-hand Color hospital Eye-hand coordination coordination Color the Hadleys Eye-hand coordination I Color and identifying eye-hand 3-6 coordination Role play Positive character 3-6 development Complete sentences Reinforcing recall of Word search Reinforcing vocabulary I details words Interview Developing oral 7-9 expression Word search Reinforcing vocabulary 7-9 words I Complete sentences Reinforcing recall of Creative writing Developing writing details skills Crossword puzzle Vocabulary skills 9-12 s 9-12 Creative writing Developing writing Crossword puzzle Vocabulary skills skills Creative writing Developing writing Research Developing library I skills skills Pine Forge Academy Riverside Hospital I Activity Skill Activity Skill K-2 K-2 Color school building Using eye-hand Color hospital building Eye-hand coordination I coordination Make get-well card Developing artistic Learn school song Music skills expression Color picture Eye-hand 3-6 coordination Make get-well card Developing artistic I 3-6 expression Creative writing Writing skills Word scramble Reinforcing vocabulary Crossword puzzle Vocabulary skills 7-9 I Learn school song Musical skills Word scramble Reinforcing vocabulary 7-9 and 9-12 Creative writing Developing writing Song writing Musical skills skills Crossword puzzle Vocabulary skills 9-12 I Learning school song Musical skills Word scramble Reinforcing vocabulary Creative writing Developing writing I skills I I I 89

Oakwood College Student Activity Sheet Name Date I Oakwood College School I Directions: Color this picture. I I I I N I I 1 1 1 1 1 11 I Li I I I I 1 I I I I I oc* I 90 I I I Oakwood College Student Activity Sheet I Name Date Oakwood School Directions: Color the pictures below and write a word below each picture telling what it is. Each one should say something about Oakwood College and the city it is near. I

I I I

I I

oc* 91 ■ Oakwood College Student Activity Sheet Name Date

Directions: Complete the sentences with the words that are underlined on the Oakwood College tree. School building named for Oakwood was a acre farm. Anna Knight was a teacher and a Oakwood's first Black president was The students earned money by working in the , and In the beginning, Oakwood had oak trees. Near Oakwood College is the Anna Knight was the first Black SDA missionary to The farm had been a slave Only of the original trees still stands.

nurse India broom factory

farm plantation one 360_ _6_0

Anna Knight laundry James L. Moran

Space and Rocket Center

oc ** 92 Oakwood College Student Activity Sheet Name Date Directions: Fill in the missing information with facts that you have learned from the letter. Use words from the Word Bank below. Grades 3-4, do numbers 1-9 only. Grades 5-9, do numbers 1-20.

Oakwood College is located in , Alabama. This city is the home of the world's largest and center. This school was named Oakwood because of the many huge trees. Some of the first students who attended this school were former students of school. The General Conference of Seventh-day Adventists told the committee to pay no more than to purchase property for the new school. The committee found a farm consisting of acres which they purchased from a man named This farm had been a Located on the property were some slave , some old , and an old The faculty and staff were people who came from the states. After a few years the students felt the need to have some teachers on the staff. A student named led a protest to have a new president. The first Black president of Oakwood College was named There have been additional presidents. There were students enrolled the first year. Former US President often visited the Beasily Plantation for recreation. In the early days of Oakwood, students were trained in three main areas: , and Students earned money to finance their schooling by working during the part of the day. Students had their classes during the and The original Morning Star symbol is now located in the at Oakwood College Library. The main courses for girls were and , and the boys were taught and middle James L. Moran $8,000 well masonry space and rocket Huntsville 360 carpentry northern evening archives morning agriculture A. Samuel Rashford gardening oak teachers nurses buildings Andrew Jackson cabins Mr. Beasily ministers 16 home planning 7 Black The Morning Star slave plantation

93 Oakwood College Student Activity Sheet Name Date

7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 2 26 27 28 29 30 31 32

■ 33 34

35 36 37

40 41 42 43 44 45

46 47 48 48 49 • 51

52 ■ 3

oc*** **** 94

Oakwood College Directions:This crossword puzzle has two different clues to help you determine the answers. All the words that come from the letter and words that are commonly known to SDA's have been written with complete sentences and a blank line to be filled in. All other words have short definitions. Across Down 1. Benjamin F. is president of Precipitation Oakwood College. Error Close A. Rashford led a student Morning protest for a new president. Preposition The early faculty of Oakwood Industrial Ireland (abbr.) School came from the To overspread Self pronoun 12. James L. was the first Black Highest point president of OC. Therefore 13. Person spoken to A 360 farm was purchased for the 14. Head covering Oakwood School. 17. Pint (abbr.) Resident assistant (abbr.) 19. Hearing organ 15. The Oakwood campus was a former slave 21. Los Angeles (abbr.) 23. Oakwood is located in , Ala. 16. Happiness 27. Associated Press (abbr.) 18. The Morning school was a 28. Church schools have (abbr.) forerunner of OC. organizations. 20. (abbr.) is the state where OC is Oakwood got its name from the located. tree. 22. Army Post Office (abbr.) Smelling organ Negative 34. Northern Whites took a to teach Water sport Blacks at OC. Printer's fluid 40. Small hill 29. President Andrew often visited 42. Circumference ratio (3.14) the Beasily Plantation for recreation such 43. Highest point as horse racing. Students cooked on a pot belly in The old cabins on the farm had been used the early days. for The (s) provided milk for the dairy. Of all the SDA workers around the 48. Fixed practice world, 75% were trained at Oakwood 49. College Library Archives College. houses the star from the "Morning Star" Students worked and had classes boat school. morning and evening. James E. White started in assist doctors in hospitals. many southern cities. 41. Prisoner of war (abbr.) Small insect 44. An SDA college on the West Coast is Ape . (abbr.) Singer Students had to to finance their education at OC. Slim; skinny 50. Atmosphere (abbr.) OC *** **** 95 Oakwood College • Student Activity Sheet I Name Date I Creative Writing: Compare and contrast the two major Black SDA educational institutions: Oakwood College and Pine Forge Academy. ■ In what ways are they alike and in what ways are they different? How have these institutions contributed to the growth of the Adventist I mission—"Go ye into all the world"? II

III

I oc **** 96 111

U Oakwood College Student Activity Sheet Name Date Directions: Find out if there are individuals in your church, school or community who have attended Oakwood College. Interview them concerning their years spent there. You may also want to invite them to your class to share some experiences. If there are no individuals in your church or school who attended Oakwood College, write to the college and request that a college catalogue/bulletin be sent to you in order to learn more about the college.

Registrar's Office Oakwood College Huntsville, Alabama 35896

oc ** *** **** 97 Dine Forge Academy Name Date Student Activity Sheet Directions: Color this picture of the school building at Pine Forge.

1 Pine Forge

00 Academy

......

PFA *

NI IN NI II II IN NI IN III II NI III NI NI NI IN NI NI NI

Dine for e Academy Student Activity Sheet

Name Date Elder John H. Wagner, Sr. Father of Pine Forge Institute/Academy Directions: Color the founder of the "School in the North." nine Forge Academy Student Activity Sheet

Name Date

Directions: Write a school song for your school if you do not have one. Make sure that your school sings its song at joint assembly or chapel program to promote school spirit.

PFA * *** **** 100 I Dine Forge Academy I Student Activity Sheet I Name Date How Far Is It? 111

I Directions: Activity Number 1 I Locate your city on a map of the United States. Measure the distance to Pine Forge, Pennsylvania (near Pottstown, Pennsylvania) 111 and to Huntsville, Alabama. Which is closer to your home?

111 Activity Number 2 On a map of the United States, locate Pine Forge, Pennsylvania (near II Pottstown, Pennsylvania) and locate Huntsville, Alabama. What is the distance between them? I

PFA ** II *** 101 I

Dine Fore Academy Student Activity Sheet

Name Date ACROSS "Father of Pine Forge Academy." ■ 10 Pine Forge served as a station of the ■ railroad during the Civil War. Number of months it took to raise money ■ for school. What was done to MEM buildings before 4 school could begin. Provided down pay- ment to purchase property. One reason why parents wanted a school in North, instead of sending students South. Indian creek located at Pine Forge. Number of students during first year. Present principal of PFA.

DOWN 9. State where Pine Forge is located. 6 14 First principal of PFA. Training that will last for eternity is a Foreign country where students came from. Former principal of PFA. First name of PFA. GC money helped build this.

8 PFA *'i3* *TAT**

102

Pine forge Academy (Song Directions: Learn and sing the Pine Forge School Song as a class. ■ Used by permission by Harold L. Anthony

I I • .. '..'.... IInP -Illaw- • .=.---r. a rin=='hmAinab.saii...M.6,/iiaiMINEM,M.6 a M ■ -411- -lir On the riv - er Man - a -awn - y, Where the hills of rol - ling green, ___ Meet the light of Heav - en's We a - dore your no - ble vir - tues, And your prin - ci - ples so pure, _ Which in time past made us In these halls where we haveitstud -ied, Us - ing heart and mind and hand,_ We have found the great Phy -.: 7-A111.1111 3M35111-721M1111,1111•11•11111Mik illiiiIIM'r.--4111riA111-1- 1

a- ..- A• : gl. ,....-..-= ; . ti".- sun - shine, Through the tall ma - jes - tic trees, There my heart is e - ver quick - ened, And my won - der, If the cause we could en - dure, ____ But Pine Forge, we're more than hap - py, As our - si - cian, We have seen the Mas - ter Plan, We will nev - er cease your prais - es, to re - -•-• 11 NE NZ .9- AMP MP e• ;IP- c -P lig I 7 ■

face is of - ten seen, There is where my "Al - ma Ma - ter," "Pine Forge, reigns as col - ors, green and white, Whis-per sweet - ly to its bear-ers,"Grow in wis - dom, walk in count where - 'er we be, "Pine Forge, our Al - ma Ma - ter, You will reign e - ter - nal ■ _._ 9: r tr.to, ws E r T -r-64:- -- --lu-- -- 12 a

Chorus: 7. — earl. AI /0-- r 41--- Queen." light." Pine Forge, your sons and daugh - ters, So stal - wart and so true, Lift - ly!" 7 I

■ ALEm EL :NB -- 0• PFA ■ lives and hearts and voic - es, in glow - ing praise to you! *** **** ■ - .r:--- 22 ■ Dine Fore Academy I Student Activity Sheet I

Name Date I Creative Writing: "We Need A Slogan!!!" I Activity Number 1: Pretend you are Elder John H. Wagner, Sr. Create a slogan that you would present to the churches in the I Allegheny Conference that would help motivate them in raising the needed money to purchase the "Rutter Estate." Be able to present I the slogan orally with feeling and enthusiasm to the class. I Activity Number 2: Create a slogan that you would present to your local church pertaining to a special need that may exist at your I school. I

PFA *** I ****

104 I

I Hadley Hospital Student Activity Sheet Name Date Hadley Hospital Architecture Directions: Color the picture of the Hadley Hospital building.

Hadley Hospital

4=5 Cr

HH 105 Hadley Hospital I Student Activity Sheet ■ Name Date Directions: Color the picture of Dr. and Mrs. Hadley. I I I

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I I I I I HH * I 106 I I I Hadley Hospital ■ Student Activity Sheet I Name Date Meet Dr. and Mrs. Henry Hadley Directions: Pretend that you are missionaries like Dr. and Mrs. I Hadley were. As a doctor or nurse, what are some of the things you would need to do for your patients? I I I

I I I I I I

HH I ** I 107 I Hadley Ho8pital Student Activity Sheet Name Date Directions: Read the words at the bottom of the page, locate them and circle. I

T RE AT MENTS 0 A S B Z C E L L I 0 T K O L MEDI CAL M I NUR SEST ASP E HT SCOUT CA H C I O H H L Y Z M P R I 0 S WA TWUI DA ML I P E D U K K E PHI U I SL TA I C BE S M I T T E T D H I G J S B I A C Y L M H L K F I I L A WEOEN P 0 0 A WASH! N G TONU I R WS XT RUVZ X N I D U D L E Y N PR T I D C F K D O C TORO B R E P U T A TI ON I E G J H M L 0 OS U V AI P AT I ENT X W I

Washington Patients Doctor Henry I Reputation Medical Mission Sarah Southwest Elliot Columbia Union Suzuki I Nurses Tuttle Hospital Hadley

nil** Dudley Law Treatment I *** *** 108 I I Hadley llo8pital I Student Activity Sheet I Name Date Adequate Health Care: A Growing Concern I Directions: Research at least five problems that the poor and elderly encounter in obtaining adequate health care today. I

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I 109 I Hadley Hospital Student Activity Sheet Name Date 11 Quality Health Care at Hadley I Directions: Create an advertisement that could be placed in the REGIONAL VOICE, MESSAGE, ADVENTIST REVIEW or another I church paper about quality health care at Hadley Memorial Hospital. You may refer to the back cover of a past issue of one of the above I periodicals for an example.

I ■

HH *** **** 110 I

I Riverside llo8pital • Student Activity Sheet I Name Date Riverside Hospital of Yesterday Directions: Color the hospital building. Cut out the building on the I solid black lines. Fold along the dotted lines and paste together the model building of Riverside. I I I I • - - I I Riverside Hospital I I Riverside I Hospital I I RH 111 I Riverside Hospital Student Activity Sheet

Name Date "Get Well Card" Directions: Using the card below as a guide, design a get-well card and take it or mail it to a person in a hospital or nursing home.

drpoi (0344_ inod .1.9.911.9 awns sSuyq pied s/i/i imp 8u!doy s 4.9.14)

HH* ** 112 Riverside llo8pital Student Activity Sheet Name Date

WORD SCRAMBLE Directions: Unscramble the letters to discover the answers. Founder of Riverside LUDALIRRD City where Riverside was located EANVLSLHIL One of the subjects taught to nurses YHPYDARROETH Number of years Dr. Dent served WIYETSNXT Last administrator of Riverside CRKURE

First sanitarium SOATCTGE

Received hospital as a gift NGLEARE FONCEREENC One cause of Riverside closing OITEAINGRTN

A doctor that served at Riverside TDNE

Radiologist at Riverside DFRO

MATCHING Directions: Place the date on the line before the corresponding event. Riverside given to General Conference 1948 Womack Rucker became administrator 1972 Riverside established 1981 Second modern building built 1983 Riverside closed 1976 Professional medical suite built 1935 Carl Dent joined staff 1927 First modern building built 1939 RH ** *** ****

113 Riverside Hospital Student Activity Sheet

Name Date

"Help! SOS! Help!" Scenario #1: Students are working in a hospital faced with a financial crisis. Write a letter to the community to encourage its support to save or prevent the hospital from closing.

Scenario #2: Have students compose a letter that they can share with their community/constituents to help prevent the hospital from closing.

RH *** **** 114 115 - .5 sp 3 00 > 0 c• CD a) z.) D- Cr•CD 5' CD (/) QJ w 0_ —1 • - ) = 0 . a 8 co co - CO 0 F C CD CD a (1) CD CD CD o C/) 5 8 PO 0 3 gP-) CD O CL 0 > er — d - , - CD -)D- cr cn C15 (n m E CL A) -1 2. D . o E5 cn 0 CD CD CL 0 Ca- PL) 3 ciT, a)

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JSR ,- LL U 8ApV 10BIE1 "- VS11 eq ssonv IIV hags Aunpv luapms 9uolippuqn -0- COSIDEL FIEDALID

ccording to Seventh-day Adventist time, the periodical was published in Yazoo historical sources, shortly after J. City, Mississippi; Battle Creek, Michigan; and A Edson White arrived in Mississippi in finally in Nashville, Tennessee, when White his gospel steamboat, "Morning Star," moved his headquarters there and established he began publishing a paper called GOSPEL the Southern Publishing Association. HERALD. Its purpose was to promote the By 1905, the GOSPEL HERALD gave gospel among Blacks in the South, but in an way to SOUTHERN MISSIONARY, but un- effort to remain afloat and to provide funds for fortunately, little news about Blacks and the other areas of evangelism, the editor found it church appeared in this periodical; somehow it necessary to promote products such as had lost sight of its original purpose to "albright cloth' for cleaning mirrors and distribute information to Blacks and poor silver, a 'Twentieth Century New White Whites like the leaves of autumn. Edson Sewing Machine No. 4,' puzzle maps, rubber White decided in 1906 to introduce another stamps, and a large assortment of other items." periodical aimed at the Black constituency of In August, 1988, REGIONAL VOICE report- the church. This publication, to be named ed: "The object of the GOSPEL HERALD MESSAGE, did not materialize at that time. was three-fold: educational, industrial, and One year after the Colored Department was evangelistic; and it served this balanced organized by the General Conference, the purpose very well." GOSPEL HERALD reappeared as the official It seems the GOSPEL HERALD lapsed in news organ of the Colored work. From 1910 continuity, because reports have stated that it to 1923 it was published at Oakwood College. resurfaced in 1904, published by the Southern It ceased to exist in 1923. In 1954, the Missionary Society, which coordinated work Colored Department was renamed the among Black Seventh-day Adventists. This Regional Department. The editors of the time it was a four-page news journal. Edson GOSPEL HERALD were at various times: J. White had first published it on the "Morning Edson White, A. J. Haysmer, T. A. Jeys, W. Star," but as he changed location from time to L. Bird, and J. A. Tucker.

Sources: GOSPEL HERALD, 1898-1904, 1918-1923. NORTH AMERICAN REGIONAL VOICE, August, 1988. Seventh-day Adventist Encyclopedia, pp. 472-473. Oakwood College Archives, Huntsville, Alabama. Reynolds, Louis B., We Have Tomorrow, Washington, DC, Review & Herald Publishing Assn., 1984, p. 88.

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/ I \ 116

NOOTti ANEDICAN INFORMANT

he success of an organization is largely MANT. The paper flourished from 1946 until dependent upon the flow of infor- 1978, and was distributed to the various Tmation. Human beings need to Regional conferences and the churches in communicate. For several years after those conferences. the organization of the Colored Department by It is reported that the INFORMANT, which the General Conference of Seventh-day should have been the voice of the Black Adventists, no direct mechanism was people within the church, had restrictions established for the flow of information to the placed upon it by the General Conference. rank and file of the Black members of the Articles had to be approved by the White church. The leader of the Colored Depart- leaders of the denomination; hence, instead of ment, Elder George E. Peters, felt virtually cut being the voice of the people, the INFOR- off from his people. Feeling the need for a MANT was allowed to publish only those medium through which the Black membership articles which reflected what the leaders of the could communicate, he decided to prepare a movement wanted printed. monthly bulletin called the INFORMANT to In 1978 when the Office of Regional be distributed among the workers. Affairs of the General Conference was The first issues of the INFORMANT, disbanded, the NORTH AMERICAN INFOR- which appeared in 1941, were mimeographed, MANT also met its demise. This move, but at the request of Elder Peters, Elder J. H. though it seemed unfortunate, was perhaps a McElhany, president of the General blessing in disguise because from the ashes of Conference, and a small committee recom- the INFORMANT has arisen another medium, mended that the bulletin be printed by the the REGIONAL VOICE, which truly reflects Review and Herald Publishing Association the views of Black Adventism. Editors of the under the title NORTH AMERICAN INFOR- INFORMANT are pictured below:

G. E. Peters C. E. Mosley F. L. Peterson H. D. Singleton W. W. Fordham W. S. Banfield, Jr. 1946-1953 1953-1954 1954-1962 1962-1973 1975-1978 1978 Source: NORTH AMERICAN REGIONAL VOICE, August 1988. \ ' / I 117 MESSAGE

he most popular Black magazine in gathered in 1984 report its circulation in T Adventist circles is MESSAGE. It is excess of 260,000 for one issue. "In the '50s a found in homes of Blacks in this large New York advertising agency listed country and abroad. First appearing MESSAGE as one of the leading religious during the Great Depression, when hope gave publications in America. It has featured as way to despair in many hearts, MESSAGE writers many outstanding leaders in the helped to revive the shattered dreams and Seventh-day Adventist Church and other hopes of thousands throughout the land. The denominations." idea of a journal with the name MESSAGE Besides an area of special emphasis in each aimed at the Black community was the brain- edition, there is information on significant child of Edson White in 1906; however, it was religious events, human interest stories, 28 years later that the idea materialized. penetrating comments on the times, fast facts, MESSAGE is in a sense a successor to the questions and answers, information on diet GOSPEL HERALD and the SOUTHERN and health, Black history, and a host of other MISSIONARY. Its focus is the Black com- articles of interest to its readers. munity, and its goals are soul winning. Its The editors of MESSAGE for the past 55 trial number in 1934 was an immediate years are as follows: success, but because it is geared to individuals R. B. Thurber 1935 outside the church, the Black church members James Earl Shultz 1936-42 needed a journal that discusses the intimate H. K. Christman 1942-43 matters that concern them. Also, as was the Robert Leo Odom 1943-45 case of the INFORMANT, articles published Louis B. Reynolds 1945-59 in MESSAGE had to be approved by the James E. Dykes 1960-67 White leaders of the General Conference. Garland J. Millet 1968-70 In 1935, MESSAGE was published Rachael Clark (acting mgr.) 1971 quarterly; from 1943 until 1959 it became a William Raymond Robinson 1971-78 monthly periodical. It is now being published Louis B. Reynolds 1978-80 bimonthly, with additional issues in June and J. Paul Monk, Jr. 1980-85 July, by the Review and Herald Publishing Delbert W. Baker 1985- Association, Hagerstown, Maryland. Statistics

Sources: NORTH AMERICAN REGIONAL VOICE, August, 1988. Reynolds, Louis B., We Have Tomorrow, Washington, DC, Review & Herald Publishing Assn., 1984, pp. 319, 320.

■ 11{66ACE rditor8 ■

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Louis B. Reynolds James E. Dykes Garland J. Millet 1945-59 & 1978-80 1960-67 1968-70 I

Delbert W. Baker William R. Robinson J. Paul Monk, Jr. 1971-78 1980-85 1985-present

/I \ 119 NORTH AMERICAN DECIONAL VOICE

ike a phoenix, rising from her ashes, VOICE, the periodical is designed to the NORTH AMERICAN disseminate "news from all the Regional L REGIONAL VOICE arose after the conferences who have joined in the venture, demise of the INFORMANT. Black highlights from Oakwood College and leaders of the Seventh-day Adventist Church, Riverside Hospital, editorials on current realizing there was no periodical through events as they relate to you [the individual which Black members of the church could member], introduction to Black personnel in "talk" to each other, decided to do something. the Seventh-day Adventist Church, weddings, Previously, Black journals published by the deaths, sunset tables,and many other church were controlled by White leaders, so interesting news notes." The periodical is "when the Black leadership came together to today in its 11th year of publication. discuss the plight, it was agreed 'we must The original staff of the REGIONAL publish our own journal to keep our people VOICE consisted of L. A. Paschal, editor; R. informed as to what is taking place. The C. Brown, editor-in-chief; Stephanie Johnson, demise of the INFORMANT may have been a assistant editor; C. E. Dudley, administrative blessing in disguise, for now we can tell the advisor; Stennett Brooks, treasurer. Others people about many things that they would not associated with the publication of the hear as it related to the work in the Black periodical were Michael Paschal, designer; sector of the church." John Bauer, staff artist; and E. E. Cleveland, One of the major problems that confronted contributing editor. The magazine has a publication of the REGIONAL VOICE was monthly distribution of over 100,000 in the finance. The $9,000 per year which the United States, Canada, Inter-America, Africa General Conference budgeted for the IN- and the islands of the seas. FORMANT was withdrawn at its demise, and Sources: requests to have this sum applied to the NORTH AMERICAN REGIONAL VOICE. VOICE were denied. This meant Regional Seventh-day Adventist Encyclopedia, Vol. 10, p. 1976. conference leaders had to find funds for publication. Miraculously, a way ow,11■•••- --- was provided, and in 1978 the first issue of the NORTH AMERICAN REGIONAL VOICE was published and lines of communication once more opened for the Black sector of the church. According to information gathered from the publisher's page of the first issue of the REGIONAL L. A. Paschal C. E. Dudley R. C. Brown

120 Dublication8 Skiffs Inventory for Student Activities

Activity Skill

K-2 Make booklet Developing writing & artistic skills Word search Developing vocabulary

3-6 Complete sentences Developing sentence structure Word search Reinforcing vocabulary words

7-9 Creative writing Developing writing skills Creative writing Developing writing skills Creative writing Developing writing skills

9-12 Creative writing Developing writing skills Creative writing Developing writing skills Creative writing Developing writing skills

121 North American Informant I Student Activity Sheet I Name Date I Directions: Construct a six-page book! Write a story or poem about a new church or new church building. Then draw pictures, or cut them I out from magazines, to go with your story or poem. Finally, make a cover and give your book a title. Let your parents and pastor read it!

I I I

I I I I I

NAI 1 122

I 11{88ACE ■ Student Activity Sheet Name Date Message Magazine Word Search I Directions: Use this code to unscramble the message below. Each I has a number symbol. Write the message at the bottom. I ABCDEFGHIJKLM 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 91011 1213 NOPQRSTUVWXYZ 14 1516 17 1819 20 21 22 23 24 25 26

20 8 5 13 1 14 23 9 20 8 1 13 5 19 19 1 7 5 9 19 20 8 5 13 1 14

23 5 23 1 14 20 20 15 8 5 1 18

I ME* I 123 • Student Activity Sheet OSPE ERALD

Volmue XVII HUNTSVILLE, ALABAMA. SEPTEMBER-OCTOBER, 1923 Number 9 I Visiting Camp-meetings every church in the conference was well represented IT WAS my privilege to attend a number of camp- The brethren told me that they had experienced meetings in the Southern, Southeast ern and South- many blessings from the Lord and that they had western Conferences during the present season. had a very profitable Meeting. Sabbath afternoon, The first meeting I attended, was the Louisville we had an Oakwood rally, quite a number of meeting. Owing to a misunderstanding, a former Oakwood students being present. We found very few of the members of the conference outside a deep interest on the part of the young people to of the Louisville church were present. attend school. The workers did everything possible I Elder Dasent was anxious that Oakwood have to make the Oakwood meeting a success A large an opportunity to present its needs before the number of workers were present from outside the con- people. We spoke to them at the opening service ference They had with them Elders W. H. Heck- and found a ready response. Eric Dillett was the man, W. H. Green, and B. W. Abney. Earlier in Oakwood representative. A number of other students the meeting, I understand, the union departmental attended this meeting also, and their influence was men were with them. felt in a marked way. An Appreciation This was a real privilege to visit these camp- Louisiana-Mississippi Camp-meeting The next meeting that I attended was the meetings. Two things were very manifest in all these meetings: First, the earnest desire on the part of a Louisiana-Mississippi camp-meeting. A more com- large number of young people to secure a Christian plete report of this meeting is found in another education; second, the hearty co-operation of all part of the HERALD. They had a very beautiful I location on the out-skirts of the town of13rookhaven. the brethren to make the work at Oakwood a It has not been my privilege to attend a better success. With this spirit among our young people arranged camp than the Louisiana-Mississippi camp. and our workers, we see bright days ahead for our Ivan Christian from the school, as well as a school. J. A. TUCKER. number of other former Oakwood students were present. They had a splendid Oakwood spirit nte worked up before I arrived. We had an Oakwood Colored Camp-meetings in Brief rally, and found a very deep interest in the school. At this writing all the camp-meetings for the Louisiana-Mississippi has a splended representation colored people have been held, save Florida's which in the school, with a number of others who plan to convenes November 1-11, as follows: come later. The workers did all they could to Oklahoma, (Guthrie), July 26—August 5; North make the stay pleasant and profitable. We Texas, (Dallas), August 16-26; Cumberland, appreciated very much their hearty co-operation. (Knoxville), August 23—September 2; Kentucky, Arkansas Camp-meeting (Louisville), August 30—September 9; Carolina, The Arkansas camp-meeting was not a camp- (Charlotte), August 30—September 9; Louisiana- meeting in reality, but after the order of the Louis- Mississippi, (Brookhaven),September 6-16; Arkan- ville meeting; they had no tents pitched. The sas, (Little Rock) September 6-16; Georgia, I brethren and sisters from outside of Little Rock (Augusta), September 15-23. lived in rooms. Elder W. S. North of the Okla- At all the meetings named the writer visited for homa Conference was present and helped the local a part of the time, except Carolina and Arkansas. conference workers. We found a number of former The several meetings I attended were well located Oakwood students at this meeting. Otis Trotter and in most cases quite fully attended, though at was the Oakwood representative. He had done Kentucky and Georgia there was only one tent splendid work and was.ahle to bring two students pitched, which was used for preaching and other back with him. It was a real privilege to visit this meetings, and these had been used through the conference in which it was my pleasure to labor a summer's efforts. number of years ago. The workers in the confer- There was generally present at the meetings ence made the visit very pleasant indeed. local, union and general help to conduct the preach- Georgia Camp-meeting ing and help in the business of the conference. The Georgia camp-meeting was held in Augusta. The most important phase of the meetings was Owing to the fact that our school opened in the the spiritual uplift gained by all as expressed in midst of the meeting, I was able to be there only renewed devotion of those already in the faith, the over the last Sabbath and Sunday. Practically new converts bapt ized and added to the church.

GH *** ***tr 124 ■

111 Co8pel Herald Student Activity Sheet

Name Date

I Directions: Your teacher will xerox a copy of the GOSPEL HERALD for you in order to answer the following questions. I 1. The GOSPEL HERALD was printed at

The date of this issue of the GOSPEL HERALD was and is I volume , number 111 The author of the article "Visiting Campmeetings" was I president of Oakwood College. I What did the Oakwood representatives, former students, and ministers do to

promote Oakwood College?

I Which camp meetings did Elder Tucker say he visited in his "Visiting 111 Campmeetings" article?

What can you do to help recruit students for your school?

111 GH *** **** 125

I Gospel Herald I Student Activity Sheet I

Name Date I Creative Writing I Directions: Publish a GOSPEL HERALD for your school. Write two short articles about your school, church Pathfinder club, or Sabbath school that can be published in a class newspaper called the I GOSPEL HERALD. If you have pictures, include them. You may also want to elect an editor, layout team, and reporters for your newspaper. I If an advertising staff is elected, they can design newspaper ads advertisiing the school, or some item that the school is selling such as oranges, pencils, paper, jackets, etc. I

I I I I I I

Gil*** I **** 126 I I U North American Informant I Student Activity Sheet Name Date

Creative Writing Directions: Write an advertisement for the newspaper about your church school. Give details or information about subjects to be taught. Write a poem for your church or school paper. Give your favorite recipe. Write an article or report on a tent meeting or a religious meeting you attended. Distribute the paper to other youths and church members.

NAI 'a** **** 127 North American Regional Voice Student Activity Sheet Name Date I Creative Writing

Directions: You have been asked to send in articles for an Adventist magazine. Write a poem, advertisement, help wanted, recipe, or make a request for persons needed for overseas service. You may write a report of an outreach program that you have participated in or that is happening in your community. I

NARV *** **** 128 I I I I I I Bearers II I of the I

Light I I I ■ I 1 I /1 \ I

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/ \ I

I A Hi8tory of the Black SDA Ilini8try

he ministry of the Seventh-day Adventist Church consists of pastors, evangelists, Tadministrators, departmental leaders, Bible I instructors, literature evangelists, and chaplains. From the very early days of the Church, Black men and women have served in the I various capacities of the ministry. Charles Bowles a Baptist, William Foy an Episcopalian, John Lewis, and possibly other Black ministers preached the second coming of Christ along with William Miller in the northeast portion of the I United States during the Millerite movement. On October 5, 1889, C. M. Kinny became the A group of early ministers. Elder C. M. Kinny is seated and Elder W. H. Green, secretary of the Negro first Black Seventh-day Adventist minister to be Department, stands directly behind him. • ordained. Elder Kinny did much to establish the work among Blacks across North America. He congregations in the region. worked in Topeka, Kansas, and then through the As a result of the work of Edson White and F. South where he established churches in Bowling Halliday aboard the "Morning Star," many Green, Kentucky, New Orleans, Louisiana, and intelligent and able Blacks who learned about the pastored churches in Louisville, Kentucky; I three angels' messages became pastors, Birmingham, Alabama; and Nashville, Tennessee. evangelists, Bible teachers, and Bible instructors. His request to the General Conference in 1881 to Some of the early pastor-evangelists were L. C. extend the work among Blacks in the South helped Sheafe, M. D. Strachan, Sydney Scott, A. Barry, in the establishment of several Black T. B. Buckner, F. G. Warnick, M. L. Ivory, U. S.

An early ministers meeting. Elders Green and Kinny and Elder Owen Troy, Sr. Alexander Osterman, Anna Knight are among those on the front row. first ministerial graduate, Oakwood Manual Training School, 1912.

131 I I Top: Ministers attending the Annual Council on Evangelism at Oakwood College. From left: a South Atlantic Conference workers meeting in the 1940s; Elder C. E. Bradford, first Black president of the North American Division, gives his report at the 1985 General Conference Session in New Orleans; William Scales, associate secretary of the Ministerial Association of the General Conference; Earl Moore drove the South Central Conference Community Services van in the Poor Peoples March to Washington. Willis, and H. Green. Others during this period Nunez, A. B. Storey, John and Charles Mann, John became missionaries. James E. Patterson went to G. Thomas, H. D. Green, Robert Bradford, 0. Jamaica as the first Black Seventh-day Adventist Young, and G. E. Peters raised up churches in missionary in 1892; Anna Knight went to India in other areas. 1901; and Thomas Branch established the In the mid-1940s, continued evangelistic efforts Malamulo Misgion in Africa in 1902. by Elders W. W. Fordham, E. E. Cleveland, W. J. During the decades from 1910 to 1940, further Cleveland, E. C. Ward, John Allison, H. D. efforts were made to carry the gospel to Blacks Singleton, and R. Hope Robertson caused the across the United States. Elder W. D. Ford Black membership to increase greatly. This was worked in Chicago, Illinois, Elders Owen Troy, further augmented by the organization of the Sr., P. G. Rodgers, and Paul B. Bontemps raised Regional conferences in 1945. Since the 1940s, up churches throughout the Los Angeles area; some advances made among Black Seventh-day other men, such as J. H. Laurence, Maitland Adventist ministers are as follows:

132 G. N. Banks became the first Black Eleanor Story (left), first Black Missionary Volunteer leader; Elders Silas McClamb; Jessie president of an overseas mission. Bentley; Leon Davis, and J. W. McCoy, first L. B. Reynolds became the first Black secretary of the South Central Conference. editor of MESSAGE. Earl E. Cleveland became an associate secretary of the Ministerial Association of the General Conference. Owen A. Troy, Jr., was elected associate secretary of the Sabbath School Department. Frank L. Peterson was elected general vice president of the General Conference. gospel ministry. Aaron Brogden became secretary of the In the Seventh- Columbia Union. day Adventist Charles E. Bradford was elected first plan of evan- Black president of the North American gelism, a Bible Division. instructor is one Robert Carter was elected president of the "who dedicates Lake Union Conference. himself to the teaching of the Scriptures, generally The Black minister has always had to address to individuals or to small groups. Such a person the social concerns of his congregation as part of may be assigned to local churches, or to his pastoral role. Indeed, his effectiveness as a instituions, or may be asked to work with pastor or evangelist has often been linked to his evangelists.... Through the centuries many of the ability to aid and lead the flock in their common Christian Era gifted women have played their part quest for equal opportunity in the job market, in spreading the good news of salvation in Christ" adequate housing, fair pay, the right to vote, (Seventh-day Adventist Encyclopedia, p. 130). desegregated schools, and justice in the courts. Some pioneer Bible instructors in the Seventh-day The Bible instructor is a vital participant in the Adventist Church were Elizabeth Harvey, Mary A group of Bible instructors trained by Mrs. Ola Mae Harris (far left) in Winston Salem, North Carolina. At right are Elders Robert Smith and Theodore Smith. Below right: Odell Mackey (front row center) and other publishing directors and associates meet with the literature evangelists of the South Central and South Atlantic Conferences.

133 Left to right from top: Elders M. G. Cato; E. J. Humphrey; Ward Sumpter, secretary, Southern Union; 0. J. McKinney, ministerial secretary, Southern Union; Harvey Kibble, Sr., who had four sons enter the ministry; Major White, secretary, Pacific Union; Richard Simons, former president, Northern California Conference; and Alvin R. Goulbourne, former president, Bermuda Conference, now secretary, Atlantic Union. Senator, Delia Wilson, Della Johnson, Birdie McCluster, Anna Thomas, and Jessie M. Bently. I Literature evangelists, too, have contributed much to the gospel ministry. A literature I evangelist is one "who regularly sells from house to house denominational books and magazines to the public. He is considered a gospel worker I whose efforts are coordinated with those of other evangelistic workers of the church.... Going directly into the homes of all classes of people, he I tells his customers of the way of salvation, and prays with them, hoping that God will impress them as the books he is leaving in the homes are I read and studied" (Seventh-day Adventist Encyclopedia, pp. 705, 706).

Blacks have been involved in literature evangelism since the days of C. M. Kinny who day Adventist ministry is multifaceted. It consists sold books and distributed tracts in many areas of of all those who unite to spread the good news of I the United States. Laymen such as Mary Butler, salvation whether they be pastors, Bible John G. Thomas, Lewey Cunningham, and W. E. instructors, literature or lay evangelists. Their Adams have been engaged in this ministry. Other I mission is the same—to prepare men and women well-known literature evangelists were Virgil for the second coming of Jesus. Gibbons, H. Warner, Richard P. Robinson, I. J. Johnson, Elder Britt and Mrs. Nancy Harris. In later years, Silas McClamb, T. S. Barber, Theodore Smith, M. G. Cato, Elders C. M. Willis, I Robert Smith and Sandy Robinson I have been effective leaders in literature evangelism. Three Generations of Wagners Clearly, One hundred new members baptized by Elder I have served the denomination as Harold Cleveland in Ocala, Florida. preachers and teachers. the Seventh- 134 Charle8 D. 15rook8 Breath of Life

lder Charles D. Brooks, a General character de- EField Secretary of the General velopment and Conference of Seventh-day Adventists an influence for since 1974, and director-speaker for others to love the Breath of Life telecast since 1971, has the Lord. baptized more than 5,000 people in his Brooks came ministry. He represents the General Con- into the ference on college and academy campuses Seventh-day around the world, at Division councils or any Adventist Church in a spectacular way—the other area requested by the General Con- result of a vision his mother received from ference committee or the president. God. Charles was an infant at the time his He and his wife, Walterene, have two mother went into the hospital for complex children: Diedra Yvonne and Charles D. surgery and was told she wouldn't live. In Brooks, II. that hospital room, God spoke to her directly Charles, next to the youngest in a family of and audibly. He called her name and told her seven girls and four boys, was born in to keep the seventh-day Sabbath. She Greensboro, North Carolina, in 1930. promised the Lord that she would observe His His father, Marvin B. Brooks, was a man true Sabbath, even if it were only she and her of the soil. He loved to watch things grow and children. Charles' father didn't agree with the believed that a rural setting could not be sur- new idea, however he was later baptized and passed in rearing children. He also believed in died loving Jesus and this precious Adventist the ethic of labor as a character-building truth. influence. He did landscaping and farming for For seven years, Mattie Alice Brooks and the businessmen and professional men of the the children observed the Sabbath (from community. Known for his honesty, he midnight Friday to midnight Saturday) and faithfully paid his debts during the depression thought they were the only ones in the whole years. His word was his bond. world who were doing so. Her faith brought Charles' mother, Mattie Alice Brooks, was her into severe conflict with neighbors, the daughter of a Methodist clergyman and a relatives and the community. There was spiritual tower in the home. Diligently, she hostility from everywhere. taught the children the scriptures and prayed After several years of abuse and ridicule, a for them, calling each one by name. Her committee from the Methodist Church, headed sterling example served as a model of by a senior deacon, was named to approach 1 \ / / I \ 135 this valuable, but confused member. They a harvest of souls in connection with my work pleaded for her to refute the message. She that I don't remember her (my mother) and didn't argue and dispute in the face of ridicule. consider my work, under God, an extension of I Instead, she questioned them and quoted her ministry. Whatever I am or ever hope to thoughts from the Word of God which she be, I owe to God and these parents." studied faithfully every day and by hours on I Sabbath (with no church to attend). She had become more than a match for the committee. Facts of Interest I God was with her, and the truth triumphed that B.A., Oakwood College 1951 day. In desperation and exasperation, the 1956 Credentialed, ordained SDA committee retreated. When they stood to minister, Pine Forge, Penn. I leave, the head deacon removed from under 1951-63 Pastor-evangelist, Allegheny his arm a package wrapped in brown paper Conference of SDA I and tied with twine. He said, "Mrs. Brooks, 1963-65 Field Secretary, Columbia Union since you believe this foolishness, here is Conf., Washington, D.C. something I've brought for you. I didn't think 1966-71 Ministerial Secretary, Columbia I we could change you." Union Conference After they had left, the package was 1970 Received honorary doctorate, carefully opened. Inside was a large Union Baptist Seminary, I elegantly-bound volume call The Great Birmingham, Alabama. Controversy by Ellen G. White. Charles 1975-76 Named in Who's Who in Religion U wasn't yet ten years old. Reading this book Named in Notable Americans 1976-77 was like God speaking to His own. Charles 1981 Represented Protestants of understood it and got the powerful, profound, America at an "Inaugural I yet simple message. Here was the explanation Festival" of why God spoke to his mother in that Voted Alumnus of the Year by 1981 I hospital room. At that time, they had never the Alumni Association of heard the name Seventh-day Adventist. They Oakwood College knew only that God was speaking to them and 1985 Received Honorary doctorate, I later had a Methodist deacon deliver an Andrews University Adventist book to confirm their faith. I In his work as an evangelist, Elder Brooks Elder Brooks has baptized more than 5,000 attributes his accomplishments to the honest people, having worked actively on five and noble character of his father and the continents. He has written many articles for I stamina of his loving mother who was true to books and magazines, but still finds time for her vision and to her God. He says, "It is my his hobbies of photography and music. privilege to do evangelism for the Lord now To date, Elder Brooks has organized six I and to baptize large numbers. Never do I see Breath of Life churches. I Sources: Kuzma, Kay. My Unforgettable Parents: How They Bent the Twig. Mountain View, Calif.: Pacific Press Publishing Association, 1978. Reynolds, Louis B. We Have Tomorrow. Washington, DC: Review & Herald Publishing Association, 1984.

136

■ Edward E. Cleveland AA Evangelist

od has always been on the lookout for prom? He youth who will stand for the right so didn't want to that he can use them in His service. violate his I Edward Earl Cleveland tells the story conscience. of how he had to stand for God as a senior at Besides, his I Howard High School in Chattanooga, father would Tennessee. never permit Not long before the senior prom, Earl's him to go even I geometry teacher and class sponsor said, if he wanted to. Earl needed help. "Earl, as president of the senior class you are When Earl returned home, he told his to lead the grand march at the senior prom." parents what had happened at school that day Knowing that he could not attend the and together they prayed. Within days, God senior prom, Earl replied, "I cannot go to the cleared the way for him to skip the senior I senior prom." prom, get his geometry grade, and graduate as "Why?" the teacher asked. "You know that valedictorian of his class. the senior class president always leads the After graduation, Earl enrolled at Oakwood grand march." Junior College where he prepared for the Earl explained, "As a Seventh-day ministry. He married Celia Marie Abney, the I Adventist, I cannot attend." daughter of Elder and Mrs. Benjamin Abney. "Well, what will your classmates think? Mrs. Cleveland worked with her husband as They elected you as their class president and pianist, choir director, and Bible instructor in • expect you to be there." support of his ministry. They have one son, "I know that they may be disappointed," Earl Cleveland, Jr. I Earl replied, "but what matters most to me is Early in his ministry, God blessed Elder not what they think but what God thinks." Cleveland with the gift of evangelism. He Turning red with anger because of Earl's conducted several successful evangelistic • conviction, the geometry teacher threatened, campaigns which resulted in his becoming "Young man, you will either go to the prom or conference evangelist for the South Atlantic I will withhold your geometry grade." Conference in 1946, and later union evangelist U That hurt. The loss of his grade in for the Southern Union. In 1954, he was geometry could prevent him from graduating, elected to the General Conference Ministerial I as well as ruin his chance to be valedictorian Association where he spent 23 years of his class. But how could he go to the conducting evangelistic crusades, and while I 1 ■ \ / / I \ 137 I there he trained over 900 ministers. powerful sermons, the queen arranged for Immediately following his appointment to the Elder Cleveland to teach at the palace where General Conference in 1954, he conducted an he baptized Uganda's crown prince. evangelistic crusade in Montgomery, Alabama Elder E. E. Cleveland is one of the I where over 500 persons were baptized. He founders of the Annual Council on Evan- has held evangelistic campaigns in 67 gelism at Oakwood College. At this Council, I countries and across the United States in hundreds of ministers, evangelists and Bible major cities such as New York, Detroit, instructors gather from across the nation to be Chicago, Los Angeles, Oakland, Washington, trained in the art of evangelism and to DC, St. Louis, Houston, Cincinnati, Colum- celebrate the success of their evangelistic bus, and Birmingham. Some of the countries endeavors. He also served as a professor in in which he has held revivals or crusades are the religion department at Oakwood College, Poland, India, the Philippines, Uganda, Tan- visiting professor at Andrews University, and zania, the Bahamas, Australia, Finland, South founded the Academy of Adventist Ministers. I Africa, Trinidad, and the United Kingdom. From their youth, Elder and Mrs. His most successful crusade was in Trinidad Cleveland both engaged in the struggle for I where 1,244 people were baptized. civil rights. Elder Cleveland participated in He made his first overseas trip in 1954 to the Poor People's March on Washington, the Uganda. Elder Cleveland says, "The British first King Memorial March on Washington, had kidnapped the king of Uganda and spirited and he organized the Oakwood College him away to England. So the people were on chapter of the National Association for the strike against Christianity—no one was going Advancement of Colored People (NAACP). I to any church." A prolific writer, Elder Cleveland has Elder Cleveland was there to preach an authored 11 books, two Sabbath school evangelistic campaign but knew that he could quarterlies, and many articles for MINISTRY, not preach to people who refused to come to MESSAGE, and ADVENTIST REVIEW. any church or Christian meetings. He decided Currently, he writes a monthly column for the I to pitch a tent and ask the queen to come. He NORTH AMERICAN REGIONAL VOICE. reasoned that if the queen came, everyone else After his retirement from the General I would turn out also, giving him the crowd he Conference, Elder Cleveland served as the needed. director of church missions at Oakwood Elder Cleveland's idea worked. The College until the spring of 1986. Queen agreed to come. After hearing many

Sources: Biographical Data Survey THE HUNTSVILLE TIMES, Article: "E. E. Cleveland: Can I Get a Witness," Saturday, June 24, 1989, pp. 6A, 7A, by Dale James. NORTH AMERICAN REGIONAL VOICE, January 1987, p. 2, Article: "Dr. E. E. Cleveland, "Mr. Evangelism Retires." 138 Joseph II. Laurence t Evangelist

oseph Hermannus Laurence grew up in school. He the town of Basseterre on the island of returned to y St. Kitts. His parents, Joseph Daniel Oakwood and Mary Magdalene Laurence, were College briefly members of the Moravian Christian Church. and married When he was eight years of age, young Joseph Miss Bela listened to a Seventh-day Adventist preacher Brandon. The and wanted to join the church, but his mother night after their #1Ik would not permit him. When he was 15, he marriage, they left for Jackson, Mississippi, again wanted to become a Seventh-day where he preached in a building used by Adventist and was to be baptized on Easter Edson White. weekend. When his mother learned about Bela's health began to fail, so Joseph this, she locked up his clothes. However, he returned to Oakwood and tried to persuade her and Elder A. J. Haysmer prayed, and Joseph to remain with her family while he returned to was baptized by Elder Haysmer in May of his field of labor. Determined to stay with 1900. him, she accompanied him to Birmingham, When the news of his baptism got around Alabama. the island, he was expelled from the Episcopal Elder Laurence conducted an evangelistic Intermediate School where he was a student crusade in Birmingham, and then teamed up and part-time teacher. Elder L. A. Spring, with Sydney Scott in Mobile, Alabama, where who had come to St. Kitts from Grand they erected a giant tent and stirred the entire Junction, Colorado, told eight ladies who city. While the meeting was in progress, Mrs. supported missions about Joseph's plight, and Bela Laurence passed away. they provided funds for Joseph to go to the In 1908 Joseph labored in Selma, Alabama, Oakwood Training School in Huntsville, with Elder Taswell B. Buckner and raised up a Alabama. In 1903 when he entered, he was church there. Two years later evangelist J. H. the first foreign student to enroll at the school. Laurence was ordained to the gospel ministry. The instructors saw that Joseph was a good He married Miss Geneva Questley Wilson. student in mathematics and asked him to teach They had six children, all of whom have given algebra, while he continued his studies. a number of years in denomination al service. Around 1904 or 1905 Elder F. R. Rogers Hermannus taught church school and was the called him to Yazoo City, Mississippi, as a first dean of men at Pine Forge; Genevieve, teacher and preacher on the "Morning Star" wife of Elder C. T. Richards, longtime

/ I \ 139 professor of religion at Oakwood College; Returning to Jackson, Mississippi, for a Jocelyn, who was matron and first dean of series of meetings, Elder Laurence baptized girls at Pine Forge until 1947; Dorothea, a the parents of Elder C. E. Moseley. I nurse who conducts health programs in In Paducah, Kentucky, Elder Laurence churches in the Allegheny Conference area; raised up a church with a mixed congregation Elois was a church school teacher; and Carty of Whites and Blacks and left Elder Louis I was manager of the Book and Bible House in Bland in charge. Lake Region and treasurer of the Allegheny In 1921, Elder Laurence accepted Elder S. East Conference. E. Wright's invitation to go to Omaha, I Miss Delia Wilson, Elder Laurence's Nebraska. wife's sister, came to work with him as a In 1924, he built a church in Denver, I Bible instructor for 20 years and was Colorado, and invited the governor of the state responsible for helping hundreds of persons to lay the cornerstone at the ceremony. find their way to Christ during his meetings. Moving to Topeka, Kansas in 1927, Elder I In Pensacola, Florida, he was assisted by Laurence built a church. Nearby in Kansas Elder George E. Peters. Among those City, the church grew under his leadership and I baptized in Florida was a talented 18-year-old he was privilieged to see the mortgage burned. young man named Frank Loris Peterson and Elder Laurence then moved to South Bend, his family. Frank later became a president of Indiana, in 1930, where he baptized the older I Oakwood College and the first Black vice brother of Charles Dudley, A. Gaines president of the General Conference. Thompson. A few years later Charles Dudley, I Elder Laurence went to Louisville, president of the South Central Conference, Kentucky, where he helped to house the was also baptized. While there, he also built congregation in a new church. While in churches for South Bend and Elkhart and Louisville, he set up his charts in a railroad organized churches in Cassopolis and Battle station where he began teaching and Creek, Michigan. preaching. Mr. Winston was baptized and Elder Laurence went to Detroit in 1932 to • became a noted preacher and whose son, Elder pastor and enlarge the work there. In 1935, he Joseph Winston, became a minister and moved to Indianapolis where with H. T. I administrator of Riverside Hospital. Saulter as songleader/assistant, he baptized In 1916, the Southern Union Conference over 300 in one tent effort and built a new called Elder Laurence to be a union evangelist. church there. During his crusade in Memphis,Tennessee, he Meanwhile, God was softening Elder met Louis Bland, a young railroad man who Laurence's mother's heart and leading her to had been baptized by Elder Sydney Scott. He accept the fact that the seventh day is the I encouraged Louis to speak publicly and used Sabbath. On Christmas Day, 1937, Elder him in his meetings. Louis later became the Laurence baptized his mother. I first president of the Northeastern Conference. His wife, Mrs. Geneva Wilson Laurence, Louis Bland introduced Elder Laurence to his died in March of 1938, and with God's help brother Frank, whom Elder Laurence baptized. he continued to preach and accepted the new I Elder Frank Bland became a Regional role of single parent to six children. In 1940, conference president and a vice president of he met and married Cordelia Morton. the General Conference. Assisted by Elders Dunbar Henri and Fred

140 Crowe, Elder Laurence went to Gary, Indiana, He had a phenomenal memory and never in 1941 to build up the work. relied on written notes. He often said, "If I The next year he moved to Cleveland, write what I plan to say, the devil will know Ohio, and held meetings in a large blue tent he and keep the very one away who needs the erected. Hundreds were baptized. Among message." He always remembered a those baptized were Frank L. Jones and face—often recognizing persons from a William Scales, Jr., now of the General different state visiting a church 40 and 50 Conference, and Elder Edward Dorsey, former years later, recalling their time of baptism and president of the Allegheny East Conference. members of the family. Elder Theodore Carcich, president of the He attested that an angel directed him early Washington Conference, invited Laurence to in his ministry to keep three doctrines come to Seattle in 1952 where he found about foremost in the minds of his hearers, the 25 members who needed a new church Sabbath, health and the Spirit of Prophecy. building. Within a few weeks he sold the old After receiving this directive from the angel, building and moved the congrgation to a new he never preached a sermon which did not edifice. Then he worked to build up the include these three doctrines. membership. In one tent effort he baptized all His greatest expressed wish was to live to 13 members of the Bushnell family. Three of see Jesus coming in the clouds of heaven as the Bushnell sons became Seventh-day conquering king. On September 6, 1987, Adventists ministers. Elder Joseph Hermannus Laurence died at the With his evangelistic fervor unabated, age of 102, but his influence will long be felt Elder Laurence continued to evangelize long and remembered across the North American after his retirement. He was unique as an Division. evangelist because he correlated current events with prophetic messages in the Bible Born January 8, 1885 and the Spirit of Prophecy. Died September, 6, 1987, at the age of 102.

Sources: Written notes by Elois Laurence. Interview with Mrs. Genevieve Richards. NORTH AMERICAN REGIONAL VOICE, James E. Dykes. Reynolds, Louis B. We Have Tomorrow. Washington, DC: Review & Herald Publishing Association, 1984.

141 I George E. Deter8 J I Evangelist I

s a youngster growing up on the to Trinidad and I A island of Antigua in the Caribbean, then to Panama George Edward Peters sat in the living to earn money room with his parents, a Moravian to attend Oak- I minister and a parochial school principal, wood College in having family worship. After they sang a Huntsville, I song, George's father said, "George, your Alabama. In memory verse for today is John 3:16. I want Panama, George you to listen while I read it." met Ethel Espeut, who later became his wife. I George listened to the words, "For God so After preparing for the ministry at loved the world, that he gave his only begotten Oakwood College, George Peters began his I son, that whosoever believeth in him should ministry in the southern section of the United not perish but have everlasting life." States. He conducted numerous successful "Now, be sure to memorize your verse tent crusades which made him one of the I today so you can say it during family worship leading Seventh-day Adventist evangelists of tonight," reminded his mother. his day. As a result, he was named union During the day George memorized his evangelist. His British accent, appearance and verse while he played. That evening during sincerity enabled him to attract large crowds. family worship, just like every other evening, In Tampa, Florida, in the 1920s, he baptized George repeated the memory text he had been 245 converts, fruits of a single evangelistic told to learn. crusade. Having to learn the verses that his parents, He was called in 1922 to pastor the Shiloh I Henry and SarahPeters, taught him, prepared church in Chicago, Illinois. While there, he George for his ministry in the same manner held three tent crusades, built a new church, I that Timothy was prepared for his ministry by and added 500 members to the congregation. the instruction of Lois and Eunice (see 2 In 1929 Elder G. E. Peters was elected to the Timothy 3:15-17). George's early experiences office of secretary of the Colored Department I as the son of godly parents and his exposure to of the General Conference. However, because many good books gave him a solid religious of his unique pastoral ability to bring harmony I foundation. When George was 13 he and his out of conflict, he was called to New York. family were baptized into the Seventh-day He pastored for nine years in New York City Adventist Church. and was responsible for establishing the I After the death of his father, George went Ephesus Seventh-day Adventist church which 1 al \ / I 142 / I \ I grew to 800 members during his pastorate. Nashville, Tennessee, and the organization of Ephesus SDA church in New York City was Regional Conferences. then the largest Black SDA church in the Elder Peters was also a writer. He was the ■ North American Division. first editor of the NORTH AMERICAN In 1939, Elder Peters was called to pastor INFORMANT, which he published as the the Ebenezer church in Philadelphia. After voice of the Colored Department. He also I two and a half years, he was re-elected wrote the book, Thy Dead Shall Live. secretary of the Colored Department of the After nine years as the secretary of the I General Conference in 1941. He was General Conference Colored Department, he influential in the hiring of many Blacks as was elected to the office of field secretary of teachers, preachers, departmental directors and the General Conference. He carried both I office secretaries, as well as in providing responsibilities effectively until 1953 when he opportunities for Blacks to engage in mission retired due to failing health. I service. It was during his term in office that George Edward Peters dedicated 45 years L. B. Reynolds became the first Black editor of service to the ministry. He relocated to of MESSAGE magazine. He worked to Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, where he ■ remove color barriers within the General remained an inspiration to other ministers and Conference headquarters, sought the administrators until his death on January 30, 1965. 1 integration of the White Adventist schools and the Washington, DC, Hospital and Sanitarium. George Edward Peters was a powerful He loyally supported the development of preacher and a successful evangelist with a I Riverside Sanitarium and Hospital in deep and sincere knowledge of his calling.

I Sources: NORTH AMERICAN INFORMANT, March-April, 1965, "He Giveth Beloved Sheep," p. 1. NORTH AMERICAN REGIONAL VOICE, Oct. 1985, p. 2, 3, "George Edward Peters: Successful Evangelist, Eminent Church Administrator," by H. R. Murphy. Seventh-day Adventist Encyclopedia, Peters, George Edward, p. 983: Review and Herald Publishing Association, 1966. I 143 I

Eric C. Ward

Evangelist

ric Calvin Ward is the son of H. D. Singleton. Goldbourne and Estelle Ward, two of He purchased the first settlers among Seventh-day the land and Adventists on the West Coast. They built a church in I were baptized by Elder P. G. Rodgers who Wilson. had come to California from Baltimore and Because of their organized the Wadsworth Seventh- day interest in Adventist church, now University. The evangelism, ministry of Elder P. G. Rodgers influenced Elders Ward and E. E. Cleveland were asked young Eric to become an evangelist. He and to evangelize and establish the work in towns Gwendolyn Burton, who would later become throughout the South Atlantic Conference. I his wife, were two of the first students of the From March to June they conducted separate 35th and Naomi Seventh-day Adventist meetings in Florida. In July they returned to Elementary School when it opened in 1936. the Carolinas and conducted another 10-12 I They were in the fifth grade. week meeting. Then during the winter they A native of Los Angeles, California, Elder pastored their churches. I Ward has been in the gospel ministry of the In 1954, while pastoring in Charlotte, the Seventh-day Adventist Church and its Wards went to Jacksonville, Florida, for a educational institutions since 1946. He is a spring meeting. His evangelistic team I graduate of Pacific Union College, Angwin, included Elder C. B. Rock, a new Bible California, with a bachelor of arts degree in worker, Ola Mae Harris, Elder John Street, theology and Biblical languages. When the and Elder and Mrs. Ira Harrell. About the I South Atlantic Conference was organized in third week of the tent meeting, a Bishop from 1946, he was one of the first interns to be Philadelphia, a strong radio preacher, heard hired, along with Franklin S. Hill, Warren that Elder Ward was in Jacksonville preaching Banfield, and Donald Crowder. On his first about the Trinity and Ten Commandments. assignment, he worked with Elder E.E. Elder Ward's Trinity message angered the Cleveland in Greensboro, North Carolina, Bishop, so by radio he told over 500,000 where Elder Cleveland baptized 100 people. listeners across the United States that he was At the conclusion of the meetings in going to Jacksonville to physically straighten Greensboro, Elder Ward was assigned to the out Elder Ward because there is only one Wilson-Rocky Mount-Greenville district that person in the Godhead, not three. had been organized by Elders G. E. Peters and On the third Sunday night of the campaign,

\n/

144 I three ministers sent by the Bishop appeared as with his attitude. He could not be critical or delegates to Elder Ward's tent. As he shook faultfinding. They greeted each other and sat hands at the end of the meeting, the ministers down for the discussion. The men stated their I requested a debate with him. Elder Ward said, premise again--there is only one God. As "Well, brethren, I don't make it a practice to evidence, they quoted the text, "One Lord, I debate, but I will be happy to discuss your One faith, One baptism" (Ephesians 4:5). concerns with you." "We want you to prove Elder Ward patiently listened. When they the Trinity from the Ten Commandments," the were finished, he spoke quietly. "Gentlemen, I three men said. "And if you can't prove it, we no doubt you have been to college and the will baptize you into our church; but if you seminary, and are well aware of the insight prove it, you can baptize us into your church." that the original language can give us into the I Elder Ward agreed and shook hands with the Bible." They agreed. "You also agree that the ministers. They decided to meet the following Godhead can be traced throughout the Bible." I Monday night. Again, they agreed. Then beginning with Elder Rock felt certain that Elder Ward had Genesis he showed them the plural form of made a terrible mistake. But that night Elder God in connection with the Creation, the flood I Ward prayed for an answer, then took out his story, the Exodus, and then called their Hebrew Bible and Lexicon and began to attention to Exodus 20 where he showed them I study. Starting with Genesis 1:1, he found in verses 1-17 the plural form of the word Elohim and knew that it was a plural form of Elohim seven times. Lowering his voice, he God's name. He went to verse 26 which said, "Gentlemen, there was a time that I I states, "Let us," again indicating a plurality in didn't know these things myself. I have the Godhead. Next he studied Isaiah, and by 4 presented them to you because I know that a.m., he found the plural form Elohim used you are honest men who will accept the truth I when you see it from God's word." Then he about 700 times. He had more than enough texts to prove the plurality of the Godhead, but paused and prayed in his heart waiting for the • he had been told to prove it from the Ten Holy Spirit to work on the men's hearts. Commandments. Wearily, he turned back to The men looked at each other sheepishly Exodus where he found the word Elohim and then at Elder Ward. "Excuse us," one of I seven times in chapter 20 in verses 1-17. them said. Together they walked to the corner Excited over what the Holy Spirit had of the tent where they whispered among I revealed to him, his weariness left him. themselves. In a few minutes the three Monday evening found Elder Ward at the ministers walked back to where Elders Ward, tent awaiting the three ministers. Elder Rock Rock and Street were seated. The spokesman I warned him again, "Elder Ward, why would for the three said, "You have proved it to us, you try to prove the Trinity from the Ten the Bible does teach a plurality in the I Commandments?" John Street said, "Pastor, I Godhead. We wish to be baptized." Elder don't know what you plan to do, but I know Ward then taught them the rest of the you must have something good." Just then the doctrines and baptized them the following I three ministers arrived at the tent for the Sunday night. discussion. Meanwhile, when the news reached the Elder Ward looked at the men and knew Bishop about the baptism of his three 1 ministers, he canceled his trip to Jacksonville. I that to convince them he had to be careful I 145 He also stopped preaching against the Trinity for the Southern California Conference, a post I and began to warn the people against Elder which had never before been held by a Black Ward persuading them not to eat pork. "Bring in a White conference, Elder Ward was called ■ all your hogs to me and I'll eat them." The to pastor the church at Oakwood College, Bishop went to Jamaica, West Indies, where Huntsville, Alabama. he suffered a heart attack and died. When the Elder Ward's major assignment at campaign ended, 100 new members were Oakwood College was to build a church. added to the Jacksonville church. Years before in 1948, he had heard a voice After pastoring other churches in the South which said,"After 20 years you will pastor at I Atlantic Conference, Elder Ward was Oakwood College and build a church." The appointed conference evangelist in 1950. prophecy must now be fulfilled. He set to I During a series of evangelistic meetings in work from August, 1973, when he arrived Wilmington, North Carolina, tragedy struck. there to obey the command, and by September He and his wife lost their son, Gabriel. 3, 1977, after 80 years of its existence, I However, God blessed his efforts and added Oakwood College had a church edifice of its 500 souls to the church. own. Over the years of his ministry at Oak- In 1954, after serving as ministerial wood, Elder Ward has also seen the church secretary of the General Conference, Elder membership increase from 348 to 2,030. Ward was appointed union evangelist for the Elder Ward is also a radio evangelist. His Southern Union, a post he held until 1962 sermons and services are broadcast by two when he returned to Southern California to radio stations weekly from Huntsville, pastor the 31st Street Seventh-day Adventist Alabama, WOCG-FM, and WEUP-AM. He I church in San Diego. He initiated the "Go continues to pursue his education toward a Tell" program of lay witnessing which doctor of ministry degree from Andrews brought 500 members into the church over a University, Berrien, Springs, Michigan. He 49-month period. In addition, he built a and his wife Gwendolyn are parents of two recreational center with a seating capacity of grown sons, Prince and Goldbourne, and four 1,200. God blessed the work there in other grown daughters, Carolyn, Beverly, Linda, areas, and after serving as associate secretary and Della. ■

■ 146 Charle8 E. Bradford

■ NAD President

lder Charles E. Bradford, president of In 1978, And- E the North American Division (NAD) rews University of the General Conference of in Berrien Seventh-day Adventists, is the first Springs, Michi- and only Black to hold this office. As gan, conferred president, Elder Bradford attends sessions of on him the doc- the Conference, acts as chariman of the tor of divinity Executive Committee and works in the general degree. I interests of the Conference, as the Executive Charles E. Bradford, considered to be one Committee may advise, and performs other of the denomination's most articulate and I duties as pertain to that office. He is a profound preachers, began his ministry in the descendant of a long line of Adventists dating Southwest Region Conference of SDA in as far back as the Morning Star. His father, 1946. He served as pastor in Baton Rouge, I Robert L. Bradford, an SDA minister, Louisiana, and Dallas, Texas. It is interesting pastored Ephesus church in Washington, to note that from then on, his career seemed to have followed an alternating pattern of I DC—the city of Charles' birth. Both his father and grandfather were ordained SDA departmental secretary, pastor, departmental ministers and were among the earliest Black secretary until he became president of the I missionaries in Kansas. His mother, the Lake Region Conference in 1961. He served former Etta Littlejohn, along with her family, as departmental secretary and pastor in Central became Seventh-day Adventists as a result of States and Northeastern conferences. For six I J. Edson White's Morning Star boat ministry years he served as president of the Lake in Vicksburg, Mississippi. She was among the Region Conference until 1970 when he was I first 16 students to enroll at Oakwood College. called to the General Conference in Washing- Later, while studying nursing at Melrose ton, DC, to serve as associate secretary—a Sanitarium in Massachusetts, she was Ellen position he held until January 11, 1979, when I White's nurse. he was elected president of the North After graduating from high school, Charles American Division. I attended Oakwood College in Huntsville, Elder Bradford's landmark sermon, Alabama, where he received a bachelor of arts "Formula for Change," preached to delegates degree in 1946. He did graduate studies at from 190 countries around the world at the I Potomac University (now Andrews Univer- 1980 session of the General Conference in sity), in Washington, DC, from 1957 to 1958. Dallas, Texas, was a turning point for the I \ I / I \ 147 I SDA Church. He challenged the Church to be North American Board of Higher Education, "vertically alive to God and horizontally in North American Division Board of Education, touch with men and all that troubles them," K-12; Adventist Health Systems/United States and pointed out that "the principles of justice Board of Directors, Literature Ministry and neighbor love must be worked out in the Coordinating Board, and the Religious Liberty laboratory of human experience, in the Association of North American Board of here-and-now, and we are the ones to Trustees. demonstrate those grand principles." Both his Elder Bradford's experience, his Sabbath sermon and his first North American innovations, his concern for and interest in the Division report presented at this session one well-being of others, and his personal year after he assumed the presidency erased discipline in studying and preparing his all doubts from the minds of those who sermons, inspire those who know and hear questioned his ability to lead this great him. He is loved and respected by the hun- division. dreds and thousands whom he serves. He and Elder Bradford has many other his wife, Ethel Lee McKenzie of Jacksonville, responsibilities as NAD president. He is the Florida, have three children: Sharon, Charles, chairman of many committees, including the and Dwight.

Sources: Reynolds, Louis B. We Have Tomorrow Fact sheet, Seventh-day Adventist Church World Headquarters, January 1989.

148

Charles E. Dudley. 6r. s Administrator

I harles Edward Dudley, Sr., son of South Central Joseph and Julia Dudley, was born in Conference to CSouth Bend, Indiana. His family succeed Elder was among the founders of the Frank L. Bland A.M.E. Zion Methodist Church in South as president. He Bend. During his childhood, his family has served in became members of the Seventh-day this capacity for Adventist Church. In 1937, Charles was 27 years and, I baptized by Elder J. H. Laurence, and after under God's leadership, has witnessed a completing his high school education at growth in membership from 4,716 to over I Oakwood Academy, he remained at Oakwood 20,000. The number of churches increased where he enrolled in the college theology from 56 to 130, and by 1988, the annual tithe program. receipts reached a total of $5.5 million. Over p In 1947, the year of his graduation, Charles 100 buildings were acquired by the conference was married to Etta Maycock. This union was during this time. blessed with three children: Bonita, Charles As president of the conference, Elder II, and Albert. Dudley initiated a number of soul-winning Charles began his ministry in the South projects. One of these is Infiltration Evan- I Central Conference as an assistant to Elder D. gelism. In this ministry a young Adventist B. Reid in Knoxville, Tennessee. From there pioneer enters a territory where the message of he was assigned to the church in Greenville, the church has never been preached and where Alabama, where he served until he was there is no Adventist church. He distributes transferred to the Jackson-Humboldt district in Adventist literature, generates interest in Bible I Tennessee. His other pastoral appointments in studies, starts a branch Sabbath school, and the conference were Memphis, Tennessee, and eventually organizes a church. the Bethany church in Montgomery, Alabama. Being a person who is sensitive and I From the South Central Conference, Elder responsive to the needs of people, Elder Charles Dudley was called to work in the Dudley has initiated and supported programs I Southwest Region Conference where he that have grown out of a need. During the pastored the Baton Rouge-Alexandria, 1960s when the Civil Rights Movements was Louisiana district, and the City Temple church at its height, Elders Dudley and Earl Moore in Dallas, Texas. participated in the Poor People's March on In 1962, Elder Dudley returned to the Washington and Resurrection City. Using the

\ n / I / I \ 149 I conference Community Services van and denied adequate housing and encouraged the doctors from the conference the South Central construction of six low-income housing Conference gathered and coordinated a team projects in the states of Tennessee, Kentucky, of physicians from Howard University who and Mississippi. Together these housing provided free medical care to the marchers. complexes provide housing for 546 families as He believes that it is just as important to well as jobs for the communities surrounding protect civil rights as it is to defend religious the projects. A sixth housing complex which liberty. houses some 76 families is owned by the First With Elder Earl Moore, Elder Dudley Seventh-day Adventist Church in Huntsville, started what is now known as Inner City Alabama. Ministry. This progam has since been adopted Adventist education also receives his by the North American Division. Using the attention and support. While pastoring in the conference Community Services vans, South Southwest Region Conference, he established Central's ministers and members took their the Southwest Region Academy in Dallas, Community Service programs to the Texas. In South Central, he has seen an sweltering streets of some of our nation's increase in the number of schools and has large cities such as Detroit, Washington and rallied conference support for students at Los Angeles. They provided medical Oakwood College and Loma Linda treatment, clothing, love and other services for University. He has served on a number of the needy and neglected population in the boards and committees and was influential in inner city. organizing the North American Black Caucus Elder Dudley pioneered the idea of the and is board chairman for the NORTH conference providing public housing on a AMERICAN REGIONAL VOICE which he large scale. He saw that many people were helped to found.

Sources: Interview, R. S. Norman, III. SOUTHERN TIDINGS, January, 1986, "40 years of Progress," by I. J. Johnson, p. 8, 9.

150 George Q. Earle

Administrator

uring the fall of 1942 when the Private Earle

United States Army was engaged in accept the rifle. World War II, a young Seventh-day He believed that I Adventist, Private George Roland "Death before Earle, was assigned to the 92nd Infantry dishonor or the I Division stationed at Fort McClellan, transgression of Alabama. Those were trying days for God's law, conscientious objectors in the US Army. At should be the any moment an entire division could be motto of every Christian." (Messages to assigned to the battle front where soldiers are Young People, p. 80). expected to kill or be killed. What was a Failing to intimidate the young soldier, the conscientious objector to do? infuriated officer dismantled the rifle, putting At the command, "Attention! Forward some pieces into Private Earle's pockets and I March!" George and his entire company pinning others to his jacket. Still, Private proceeded to the supply office to be equipped Earle said, "I'm sorry, sir, but I cannot accept in preparation for a two-week bivouac. Each this rifle." He was taken away by jeep to the I soldier was given a rifle. George, a con- guard house where he was punished and scientious objector, one who believed in and separated from his company. I practiced God's command which states, "Thou Shortly thereafter, Private Earle's friends in shalt not kill," politely refused the rifle. Of the 92nd Infantry Division were sent to North course, disobeying the command of a superior Africa. His request to go with them was I officer in the Army carries serious con- denied. George never saw his friends in the sequences, perhaps even court-martial. 92nd Infantry Division again. Several months I Enraged at what he considered an act of later he received word that as the 92nd Infan- gross insubordination, George's superior try Division approached the mountains to officer retorted, "What do you mean you can't fight, the forces of the German General I accept this rifle, soldier? Don't you know that Rommel mowed down the American soldiers you are in the army?" like grass, wiping out the entire division. Angry that Private Earle had refused to George was glad he had obeyed God. I obey his order to take the rifle, the officer Obedience to God had saved his life. He tried to embarrass and humiliate him in the served in the army for one year and was given I presence of the 240 soldiers, but embar- an honorable discharge. rassment and humiliation would not make While in the army, George married his I

I / I \ 151 I college sweetheart Vernelle Rogers on ference experienced a 159-percent growth, January 10, 1943, in Birmingham, Alabama. making it the fourth largest conference and the The Earles were blessed with two children, largest Regional conference in the North Reginald and Chrissa. American Division. I George worked in Washington, DC, and It was during Elder Earle's leadership that California before he returned to Oakwood the conference acquired the Northeastern College to prepare for the ministry. After his Academy building, constructed the Victory 1 graduation, he served in the South Atlantic Lake Nursing Home, and made major im- Conference as interim pastor of the B. W. provements at Camp Victory Lake. He also ■ Abney Chapel in Fayetteville, North Carolina helped to establish and operate a conference for one month; then he assisted Elder E. E. Community Services Center, and to construct I Cleveland in a summer crusade in Winston- and complete the conference office in St. Salem, North Carolina. Albans, New York. Sensitive to the needs of In August 1948, George was called to serve young and old, Elder Earle led in the construc- I in the Northeastern Conference. He pastored tion of housing for the elderly. Northeastern the New Rochelle and Linden Boulevard Towers, a 12-story senior citizen housing churches. While pastoring the Linden complex, was constructed for the elderly. I Boulevard Church, he established the To assist the young people of the Springfield Garden Church and the Amityville conference in their effort to get an education, I Mission which was later renamed the Bethes- $47,100 was granted in scholarships and da SDA church. From Linden Boulevard he matching grants. was called to pastor the Bethel SDA Church in Elder Earle retired as president of North- Brooklyn, and later the City Tabernacle eastern Conference in 1985, but continued to Church in New York City. serve the church as a field secretary in the I In January 1967, Elder Earle became the South Central Conference and on various president of the Northeastern Conference--a committees that promote the advancement of position he would hold for 18 years. During the gospel among Black conferences. I his term in office, the Northeastern Con-

■

Source: NORTH AMERICAN REGIONAL VOICE, August 1985, "George Earle: A Leader Among Leaders," by Stephanie Johnson, pp. 2-4

152 Walter W. Fordham

Administrator

od has many ways of getting man's From 1939 to attention. Often adversity drives us to 1942, he served Him. It was the loss of a family in a similar member that caused the sorrowing capacity in the Fordham family to turn to the religious West Pennsyl- meetings conducted by the Manns brothers in vania Confer- Charleston, South Carolina, around 1910, the ence. Walter's year before Walter W. Fordham was born. At next appoint- the age of eight, Walter was baptized into the ment took him to the Florida Conference Seventh-day Adventist Church by Elder where he served as evangelist from 1942 to Charles Manns. He grew up with the ambition 1946. Then, it was on to the Southwestern to become a lawyer, but God had other plans Union where he also served as evangelist from for his life. 1946 to 1947. During these years, God richly Before age 12, Walter worked in the cotton blessed his ministry. While in West fields, picked and sold blackberries, was a Pennsylvania, he received recognition for his delivery boy in a kosher meat market, and support of the Center Avenue, Pittsburgh earned 50 cents after school as a caddy on the branch of the YMCA, and was instrumental in local golf course. He credits his mother for organizing the National Association for the instilling in him "determination to achieve a Advancement of Adventist Youth in 1941. worthwhile goal in life through hard work." Elder Walter Fordham's career took a He also says, "As I look back, I am grateful different path in 1947. From then until his that productive labor was a part of my retirement from active service in 1979, he training. For all practical purposes, I worked served in a number of administrative positions my way through school up to a certain point." culminating in the offices of the General Walter attended Oakwood Junior College in Conference of Seventh-day Adventists. In Huntsville, Alabama, and received a bachelor 1947, when the Southwest Region was first of science degree from Tennessee State organized as a mission, W. W. Fordham was College in Nashville, Tennessee. He also did chosen as its first president. "At the end of graduate studies at the University of Pittsburgh. two years as a mission, the membership was He began his work as a Seventh-day Adventist organized into a conference with over 1,900 minister in 1934 as a pastor-evangelist in the members," with headquarters in Dallas,Texas. New Jersey Conference of Seventh-day Elder Fordham remained there until 1954, Adventists where he remained for four years. when he became president of the South

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/ I \ 153 Central Conference, headquartered in MESSAGE, and LIFE AND HEALTH. He is I Nashville, Tennessee. He was then elected also the author of Soul Food tracts. He served president of the Central States Conference in both the church and the community by ■ Kansas City, Missouri, where he served from organizing and promoting Inner-City Services 1959 to 1966. of the North American Division, organizing Elder Fordham's evangelistic and and promoting medical and dental services for administrative skills took him beyond the the NAACP and Urban League conventions, I Regional conferences to serve as associate by serving as a member of the YMCA board secretary of the Regional Department of the in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, and by being an ■ General Conference of Seventh-day advocate for AARP, Washington, DC. Adventists, headquartered in Washington, DC, Elder Fordham married the former Maybelle from 1966 until he retired in 1979. He is Lois Winston of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. convinced that "courage and determination, They have three children: Mrs. Lois Clay, coupled with prayer and faith, changed the Mrs. Audrey Booker, and Mr. Walter W. course of my life." Fordham, Jr. His contributions to the growth During the course of his ministry, Elder and development of the Seventh-day Adven- Fordham wrote several articles for tist Church will long be remembered and MINISTRY, REVIEW AND HERALD, enjoyed by the rank-and-file membership. * I a

I I I

Sources: Reynolds, Louis B. We Have Tomorrow. Fact sheet from the Seventh-day Adventist World Headquarters, Bureau of Public Relations (October, 1966) Biographical data submitted by Walter W. Fordham, Sr. s 154 I I frank L Deter8on Administrator

he name Frank Loris Peterson is a period that he legend among Seventh-day Advent- met and married I ists. This multi-talented man of God Bessie Jean has left behind a rich legacy for Elston of Anni- Seventh-day Adventism in general, and for its ston, Alabama I Black constituency in particular. on May 3, 1922. Born in Pensacola, Florida, on August 12, From this union I 1893, to Frank and Elizabeth Peterson, Frank came five child- was the youngest of four children. He ren: Frank, Marjorie, Calvin, Katherine, and attended private Methodist schools where he Clara. I received his elementary and high school Frank's next stop on the road to success- education. At age 14, he heard the preaching ful Christian leadership was in Nashville, of Elder Joseph H. Laurence, pastor of the Tennessee, where he served as assistant I Seventh-day Adventist church. He responded missionary volunteer, educational, and home to the invitation and was baptized in 1907. missionary secretary for the "old" Southern I This young soldier in God's army seemed to Union Conference of Seventh-dayAdventists. have been destined for a lifetime career of Perhaps you are wondering how one man dedicated Christian leadership. In preparation could carry so many responsibilities at the I for the ministry, Frank attended Oakwood same time, in an age devoid of the modern Junior College in Huntsville, Alabama, and conveniences such as are available today. I Pacific Union College in Angwin, California, Perhaps the church membership was much where he studied theology, graduating in smaller than it is today, and there was, then, a 1916, and at the same time making history as different work ethic. its first Black graduate. This was the begin- In 1929, Frank L. Peterson was ordained to ning of a long list of firsts for Frank. the ministry and assumed the pastorate of the His path, which eventually led to his being Berea Seventh-day Adventist church in I the first Black vice-president of the General Boston, Massachusetts, a position which he Conference of Seventh-day Adventists, began held until July, 1930, when he was chosen I in a one-room church school in Louisville, secretary of the North American Negro Kentucky, where Frank taught for one year. Department of the General Conference of By September, 1917, he was a member of the Seventh-day Adventists. By 1941, Elder faculty at Oakwood Junior College, a position Peterson was pastoring in Los Angeles, which he held until 1926. It was during this California, and the following year he was I \ 1 / I 155 I / I \ appointed director of the office of regional Elder Peterson was also a gifted musician affairs in the Pacific Union--another first in and writer. One of the crowning acts of his the denomination. contribution to Adventism is the book, The From 1945 until 1954, Elder Peterson Hope of the Race. Because of its doctrinal served as the fourth president of Oakwood merits, this book has been instrumental in College and laid the groundwork for the leading many to the Seventh-day Adventist school's accreditation by upgrading its faculty Church. It was the first of its kind to be and physical plant. South Hall, Green Hall, written by a Black member of the church. and H. E. Ford Hall were erected, and Elder Peterson's leadership skills, sense of hundreds of students were encouraged to humor, commitment to the task of soul win- attend Oakwood College through Elder ning, diplomacy, enormous tact in handling Peterson's assistance. touchy situations, and dedication to God's Elder Peterson's path to denominational work constitute a legacy to Seventh-day world leadership took him once more to the Adventists. headquarters of the denomination where he Among the monuments which memorialize was elected associate secretary of the General Elder Peterson are F. L. Peterson Hall, Conference at its 47th world conference Oakwood College, and Peterson Academy, session in 1954. He remained in this office Inkster, Michigan. But the greatest monument until 1962 when the world body of left in his honor after his death on October 23, Seventh-day Adventists in session elected him 1969, is the godly and god-like life that he vice-president of the General Conference, lived. again the first Black to fill this office.

Sources: NORTH AMERICAN INFORMANT, Jan.-Feb., 1970. Seventh-day Adventist Encyclopedia, p. 1108. 156 Harold D. Singleton

Administrator

he Seventh-day Adventist Church in Harold was general and the Black constituency in baptized in 1925 I particular have been blessed by the by Elder W. L. contributions of its many Black H. Baker. He leaders. Among them is Elder Harold Douglas attended Oak- I Singleton whose 46 years of unselfish service wood College in to the denomination have left an enriching Huntsville, Ala- experience that is still being enjoyed by the bama, during 1 church 14 years after his retirement. Harold the Great Depression, and also spent nine was one of the first young men accepted into months at Union College in Lincoln, I the new internship program for ministers in Nebraska. In addition, he accumulated over the Seventh-day Adventist Church. He began 30 hours of graduate credits at the ■ his career in what was then the Cumberland Seventh-day Adventist Theological Seminary. Conference. In retrospect of his first After laboring for seven years in Florida, appointment in Chattanooga, Tennessee, raising up congregations, building churches I Harold declares, "I was overwhelmed with the and pastoring in the Miami district, Elder awareness that my responsibility was to warn Singleton proceeded to the Carolinas where he that city of Christ's return." served for three years. His next appointment I Harold was born in Brunswick, Georgia, on was at the Southern Union Conference where December 10, 1908. When he was still very he served for three years as secretary of the I young, his parents were introduced to the Southern Regional Department (then known Seventh-day Adventist Church in Jackson- as the Negro Department). When the South ville, Florida, by Pastor Matthew C. Strachan. Atlantic Conference was organized in 1946,

Both his mother, Annie Mae Singleton, and he was appointed its first president. In 1954 his father were impressed with the gracious he succeeded the late L. H. Bland as president manner of Elder Strachan and were baptized of the Northeastern Conference and remained I in 1917 by Elder G. E. Peters. According to there until 1962 when he became secretary of Elder Singleton, at that time "the ratio of the North American Regional Department of I Black Adventists to the total membership in the General Conference. Elder Singleton the North American Division was only one in served faithfully and well for 13 years in this 25." At the time of his retirement in 1975, the capacity until his retirement in 1975. I ratio stood at approximately one in five, with a Elder Harold Singleton agrees, "God has total Black membership of 100,000. blessed my work and has been kind to me." I

I 157 I He refers to his time at the General Con- Singleton declared, "As we recount the great II ference as "13 years of marvelous progress advances made in the financial gifts of our among Black Seventh-day Adventists in many people, in the large number of qualified ways." He believes that his "emphasis on workers today, in the growth of Oakwood I evangelism, efficient administration, sound College,...Pine Forge, and the MESSAGE financial practices, and development of young magazine, in the positions occupied as church II workers" have contributed to his success. leaders in all levels by Blacks, in the goodwill Elder Singleton's life partner has been the and acceptance we now have in institutions, former Mary Louis Miller of Atlanta, Georgia. churches, and organizations we can say, I Six children were born to them--two daughters although we have not fully arrived, we have and four sons. In passing on the torch, Elder come a long way." I I I I I I I I ■ U I I

Sources: II Reynolds, Louis B. We Have Tomorrow. NORTH AMERICAN INFORMANT, Sept.-Oct. 1975. Biographical data submitted by H. D. Singleton, 1989. I 158 I I I John J. Beale I Professor

I /I e was my favorite teacher," says a of the Oakwood former student living at Oakwood. College church I "He was a compassionate person. for three years He made Bible class enjoyable, yet while continu- he was a stern professor. It was a pleasure to ing to teach I be in his classes." speech and John Joseph Beale was the oldest of twins other courses. born in New Rochelle, New York, September He did post- I 22, 1909, to William and Emma Beale. His graduate study at New York University in mother, during his early childhood and education and speech pathology which I education, contributed much in influencing his qualified him to teach in various areas. career as a minister. Beale was known because of the service to His marriage to Elizabeth Collins helped to his country as well as his service to his fellow • provide a lovely Christian home environment. men. He was inducted into the US Army and They became the parents of nine sons and two served as a conscientious objector. He was I daughters, most of whom were born and grew discharged with a Good Conduct Medal. He up in the Oakwood College community. was an instructor for the American Red Cross, It was difficult to be a student, rear a and for many years, was the only instructor- • family and keep children in church school. trainer for the Madison County Red Cross. Beale was a good student, graduating with After his retirement, Elder Beale was asked I honors in 1949. An inspiration to his children, again to teach at Oakwood. He was later he taught them by example to work and study called to teach at Bermuda Institute, West to help pay for their education. As time Indies College, and Bethel College in South I allowed, Mrs. Beale also took classes. She Africa. He also conducted a training program graduated in 1972 with a major in psychology for Adventist ministers in East Africa. and a minor in sociology. She later pursued a Elder Beale was truly a family man, a I course in nursing. patriarch who commanded his house after Elder Beale joined the Oakwood College him. The positive Christian training of both I staff and taught Bible at the academy. parents have given the church a legacy of He received a master's degree in sys- dedicated adult children in Michael, David, tematic theology from the Seventh-day Mark, Victor, Vincent, Timothy (deceased), I Adventist Seminary in Washington, DC, in Elizabeth (deceased), Samuel, Bernard, 1952. After ordination in 1956, he was pastor Jonathan and Eileen. I Source: \ n / Obituary, Oakwood College, 1989. I 159 I / I ` Calvin E. Ilo8eley, Jr.

Professor

s the "father of Black Seventh-day become a AAdventist ministers," Dr. Calvin preacher, for his Edwin Moseley's name will never die, family was I nor will his memory ever fade from the skilled in the Seventh-day Adventist Church. building trades. Young Calvin was born in Demopolis, When he was I Alabama, January 7, 1909, to Calvin and Lilly very young, Belle Moseley, Sr. He and a younger brother, Calvin learned I Ernest, learned early that work, along with the plasterer's trade from his father. outdoor activities such as fishing, horseback Calvin's musical ability was inherited from his riding, etc., would help give them a balanced father who had a rich baritone voice and also I life. played the fiddle. He expanded his music Times were hard, so the family moved to background at Tuskegee by playing a bugle in I Meridian, Mississippi, to find better employ- the school band and singing in the choir under ment. Calvin was an excellent student and the noted composer William Dawson. often won scholastic awards for which he In 1926, Elder Ivan Christian and Miss I received recognition in the local newspaper. Anna Knight encouraged Calvin to attend At age 15, he enrolled at the Tuskegee Insti- Oakwood Junior College. While there he tute where Dr. George Washington Carver, the became a member of the prestigious college I famous scientist, was a professor. In addition quartet composed of John Wagner Sr., F.L. to science, Dr. Carver also taught a Bible class Peterson, Charles Salsbury, and himself. They I in which Calvin, now a college student, traveled to many cities giving concerts. The enrolled. He states, "Dr. Carver's Bible class highlight of one of these trips was a concert in was just as interesting as his work in the Chicago where Calvin met Harriet Slater, a I laboratory, and I was fascinated by both." nurse, who in 1933, became his wife. To this This experience at Tuskegee helped to direct union were born two daughters, Harriett Ann I Calvin's mind toward God and the Bible. (Mrs. Doncil Keith) and Barbara Jean (Mrs. It was in Jackson, Mississippi, that Mervyn Warren, Sr.). Evangelist F. S. Kitts baptized Calvin's par- Calvin graduated from Oakwood Junior U ents and his brother Ernest into the SDA College and continued his education at Church. Later, after Calvin's baptism, Elder Emmanuel Missionary College (now Andrews Kitts said to him, "You must preach the University), where he received a bachelor of I gospel." Calvin felt he lacked the ability to arts degree and his master's from the I \n/ I / I \ 160 Seventh-day Adventist Seminary. He later souls made decisions for Christ. In Cairo, received an honorary LL.D. from Daniel Egypt, a Moslem city, it is reported that 83 Payne College. decisions were made. In Indonesia, again I President J. L. Moran invited Calvin to join against strong opposition by the Moslems, the the staff at Oakwood College as a Bible record shows 606 baptisms and in Poland, a I teacher, pastor of the church and dean of men. communist country, there were 93 converted He established the department of religion and to Adventism. theology and was its chairman for 19 years. Elder and Mrs. Moseley came to Oakwood I From this position he was called to the to retire in 1972, but again Oakwood College General Conference in 1951 where he served recruited Elder Moseley to teach the ministry I for 21 years. to the many young students, most of whose Elder Moseley's position has taken him to parents he had taught. preach on every continent except Australia Today, he is affectionately called "Rabbi," I and Antarctica. As a result of his preaching at which adequately describes him as a "great eight camp meetings in West Africa, 1,509 teacher." I

I •

Sources: I Interview, 1988-1989. NORTH AMERICAN REGIONAL VOICE, 1988.

161 I Clarence T. Qicharc18

Professor

larence T. Richards, born in New York positions, such City, is the son of Lillian and the late as advisor for C John Richards. After his father died, student seminar his mother married Phillip Atkins. organizations Through the influence of his friends, Clarence and student became a member of the Ephesus Seventh-day evangelist Adventist church in New York City where G. groups. E. Peters was pastor. He later moved to Students felt Boston and was baptized by Marion Camp- very comfortable as they sought his advice bell, pastor of the Berea SDA church in and counsel on many of their problems and in Boston, Massachusetts. areas of concern. He was a good listener and Richards attended Oakwood Academy and students felt they could confide in him. Oakwood Junior College, where he graduated Students admire Elder Richards for his in 1938. The enrollment was about 100 kind manner and his unyielding stand for prin- students at that time. In 1940, he received a ciple. Anyone who has ever been a student of bachelor of arts degree from Emmanuel his should be able to quote for you Elder Missionary College (now Andrews Univer- Richards' favorite motto, "No deviation from sity) majoring in history and religion. He strict integrity can meet God's approval." received a master's degree from Potomac (Patriarchs and Prophets, p. 130, E. G. White) University in 1952. Elder Richards served as pastor of the Oak- In the beginning of his ministry, Richards wood College church, the First Seventh-day pastored two churches, one in East St. Louis, Adventist church in Huntsville and the church Illinois, and the other in Toledo, Ohio. He was in Florence, Alabama, while on staff full-time later ordained in 1947. at Oakwood College. Presently, he serves as Richards joined the staff at Oakwood an elder at the Oakwood College church. College as a Bible teacher while C. E. Mose- He has served as president of the Oakwood ley was chairman of the religion department. College Federal Credit Union, and vice Later, Richards himself became chairman of president and a member of the Board of the religion department at two different times Trustees. He is also treasurer of the J. L. during his tenure at Oakwood, 1968-69 and Moran Oakwood College Alumni Chapter. 1976-78. Professional organizations with which Elder During his years of service at Oakwood, Richards is affiliated include the Religious Elder Richards held other responsible Education Association and American

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/ I \ 162 II Association of University Professors. His the religion department. When asked how publications have appeared in MINISTRY long he plans to teach, he says, "I've retired magazine as well as MESSAGE magazine, from teaching." I and EDUCATIONAL JOURNAL OF SDA. He is married to Genevieve Laurence Although he has retired, Richards has Richards. They have three adult children: ■ continued to teach several courses regularly in Clarence, Phillip and Carmen. I I I I I I I I I I I I I Sources: I NORTH AMERICAN REGIONAL VOICE, January, 1983, Volume 5, No. 1. I Interview, June, 1989, by Zeola Allston. I 163 /I eing poor and having to work your starts in about way through college is no deterrent three months. to achievement," says Ernest Eugene Can you be Rogers, Ph. D., professor of Greek ready?" asked and Hebrew. Mrs. Crawford. Louisa and John Edward Rogers were "Oh no, I can't parents to six children, third of whom was be ready in little Ernest, born in Memphis, Tennessee, on three months," June 17, 1916. Sadness came to nine-year-old Ernest replied. "You see, I have no money." Ernest when his father died. "Oh," said Mrs. Crawford, "I will pay your Although not a Seventh-day Adventist, he way." Ernest was both happy and surprised to grew up in a Christian home. His first contact think that someone whom he didn't know with Adventism came as a result of trying to cared that much about him. She paid his fare console the family of a friend who had died. to Oakwood College, and his tuition for the He asked for a Bible to find a text on death. first year. An adult friend of the family asked if she Ernest was a diligent student and a high could be a part of a Bible study group that achiever. He completed academy and started from that discussion. "Sister Annie graduated from Oakwood Junior College with- Bell," he recalls, "reversed the whole situation out having anyone give him additional money. and taught us more of God's Word, leading He says, "I worked as the college 'fireman.' me to become a Seventh-day Adventist." My workday began at 3 a.m. and ended at 10 Ernest was very active and participated in p.m. This included my work and classes. My the church services. One Sabbath after job was to 'fire' the furnaces to provide heat hearing him give the mission story Pearl and hot water for seven buildings. Crawford, a public school teacher, was "I had only one dress suit and plenty of impressed with his performance. She came to work clothes. There were no casual clothes him and said, "Young man, how long have because I went to class in my work clothes you been doing this? Have you given the and boots." mission story before?" "No ma'am," Ernest Ernest could not afford to buy books so he replied, "this was my first time." "Well," she borrowed books from friends when they were said, "this is outstanding, you don't need to be not studying and copied notes in capsule form. here in Memphis. You need to be at Oakwood. As he went from building to building to fire Would you like to go to Oakwood? School the furnaces, he would take a quick glance at

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164 / I \ I his notes and absorb as much information as Oakwood College staff as professor of biblical he could. languages from 1945-79. During these years, ■ In preparation for exams, Ernest said, he served as pastor of the nearby Decatur, "Many students came to me to be tutored in Florence and Huntsville, Alabama, churches, biology and chemistry." He also helped many and served in the community as chairman for I students who were having difficulty with the March of Dimes and the Heart Fund. prophecies of Daniel and Revelation. Being a He married Mildred Strachan in 1943. good student in English gave him a good They have three children: Jeanette Dulan, I background in his favorite subjects, Greek and Ernest Eugene, and William Sherman. Hebrew. When asked about his very successful career, All of his post-graduate work was accom- he states, "My wife has been the inspiration I plished with grants and scholarships. He for any success I might have achieved." received a bachelor of arts degree from Union In 1984 Dr. Rogers taught biblical lan- College in 1943, a masters from Andrews guages and all classes in theology at Carib- University in 1952, and a Ph.D. from bean Union College in Port of Spain, Trinidad. Michigan State University in 1967. Dr. He has finally retired from his most recent Rogers was ordained to the ministry and position as Radio Pastor of WGOD in St. served as pastor of many churches. He joined Thomas, Virgin Islands (1987-89). *

I I 1

I a I I Source: I . Interview June 1989 by Zeola Allston I 165 Celia ft Cleveland

Bible Instructor

elia Abney Cleveland, through hard membering his work and Christian example, has son, Charles, at Ccounseled and encouraged many youth. Oakwood Col-

Among them was a young man named lege, he told his Charles. wife, "I will Charles was a member of the Market Street send the money I Seventh-day Adventist Church in Greensboro, for Charles' North Carolina, while Mrs. Cleveland's tuition." husband, E. E. Cleveland, was pastoring there. Looking back, Mrs. Cleveland says, "I'm Charles wanted to attend Oakwood College in glad that I encouraged that young man to go to Huntsville, Alabama, even though there were Oakwood College and to trust God to help I good public colleges in his hometown of him with his tuition because the young man is Greensboro. However, he did not have the now Elder Charles D. Brooks, the speaker of money he needed for tuition. Knowing that the Breath of Life telecast." her son should go to Oakwood College since it Celia Marie Abney Cleveland was born to is a Christian school, Charles' mother packed Benjamin and Celia Abney on June 14, 1921, his trunk in faith and decided to trust God to in Raleigh, North Carolina. Her parents provide his tuition. nurtured and encouraged her musical talent After all of his clothes were packed, which enabled her to become a pianist at an Charles and his mother went to their pastor's early age. house for prayer. Mrs. Cleveland prayed with While Celia was a little girl, her parents them and told them to catch the train for accepted the challenge of being the first Black Huntsville. Young Charles caught the train Seventh-day Adventist missionaries to South praying all the way that God would provide Africa. There Celia studied for seven years in his tuition at Oakwood. Meanwhile, back in the local public school. Returning to the Greensboro, Charles' father was learning United States, she graduated from Oakwood about the second coming of Christ. He Academy in 1941 and from Oakwood College learned how Jesus died so that he might have in 1943. eternal life. He also learned the truth about During her summers in academy and Sabbath keeping. Three weeks after Charles college Celia worked as a Bible instructor and arrived at Oakwood, his father said to Elder pianist in tent efforts conducted by Pastors and Mrs. Cleveland, "I'm ready to be baptized Frank L. Bland, Herman Murphy and R. C. A. into the Seventh-day Adventist Church." Re- Lynes. After graduation she married Pastor

I 166 I Edward Earl Cleveland on May 29, 1943. home and review the Bible lessons with her They have one son, E. E. Cleveland, Jr. and then kneel to pray. However, Mrs. Celia worked with her husband in over 30 Bonner would never kneel to pray with her. I tent efforts around the world as pianist, Bible Mrs. Cleveland did not know why the lady instructor, choir director and business would not kneel to pray, but she kept on going manager. and kept on praying every week for eleven I As a Bible instructor she would rise early weeks. When the day of the baptism arrived, in the morning to pray for the people who Mrs. Bonner took her stand and was baptized. I attended the evangelistic meetings and to keep Curious to know why Mrs. Bonner would a record of their attendance. Then she would never kneel to pray but did not seem to mind visit their homes to encourage them to return her praying, Mrs. Cleveland decided to ask to the meetings and to distribute Bible Mrs. Bonner why she never knelt for prayer. literature. As her husband preached the Mrs. Bonner said, "Mrs. Cleveland, I've lived different doctrines of the church, she would in this community for many years, but no one visit homes and encourage decisions for has ever come to pray for me. When you Christ. After her visits she would return to the came and wanted to pray, I wondered if you I tent to rehearse music for the nightly meetings were real. So I would sit and watch you while and to assist her husband. you prayed to see if you were a real person." I During their first meeting in Fayetteville, Her dedication has resulted in more than North Carolina, she visited a Mrs. Betty 3,000 souls joining the SDA Church. She has Bonner. Mrs. Bonner was a public school also trained many of the dedicated and 1 teacher who was attending the meetings night productive Bible instructors in the Adventist after night. Mrs. Cleveland would go to her Church. * I I I

I I I

Sources: Biographical Data Survey. NORTH AMERICAN REGIONAL VOICE, August, 1984, "Celia Marie Cleveland: The Good Shepherdess," by I Lucille Jackson Hill, p. 2 (2) 167 I I Ida N. llank8 I Bib(e Instructor I

ne of the evidences of conversion is differently than I 0 the burden to tell one's friends about she did. She Jesus. This has been the case with remembered a many who have experienced Jesus' friend whom I healing touch in the gospel and has been the she met in a experience of Ida Mae Hanks, a Bible church that she I instructor in the Northeastern Conference of attended when Seventh-day Adventists. she was a child On the floor of the room Ida was cleaning who seemed to be Christian, so she went to I lay a ragged book. She picked it up and saw her house and asked, "How can I accept Christ that it was a Bible left behind by the former as my Saviour?" Her friend said, "Ida, you I tenants of the house. Not interested in a Bible, just go to the church and call on Peter, Paul she tossed it into the trash and turned to pick and John." Immediately, she knew that her up other trash. But she went back and picked friend couldn't help her because she had read II up the Bible saying, "Should we keep this? in Acts 4:12 that there is none other name It's so ragged." She started to drop it back given under heaven whereby men must be into the can, but then decided she would keep saved but the name of Jesus. Certainly her I it since she had never owned a Bible. friend had been misled. Disappointed, she left Weeks passed and Ida began to sense an her friend's home to continue her search for • urge to draw closer to God. She tried to read Christ. the Bible but couldn't understand it, so she left Each morning and evening Ida would it alone. One day the Faith for Today telecast spend time in Bible study and prayer. She I caught her attention. She ordered the Faith for prayed that God would show her how to Today study guides, and when they came she accept Christ so she could be saved. Every I eagerly began to study them searching for a week she was strengthened as she completed closer relationship with God. With each her lessons and sent them back to Faith for lesson she saw Christ as she had never seen Today to be graded and returned with her new I him before and learned to find the books of lessons. the Bible as well as understand them. One day she hurried to get the house clean I Wanting to accept Christ as her personal so she could spend the afternoon with her Saviour, she thought of going to church to find children. While cleaning the living room, she out how, but was afraid to because most of her looked out the window at the lady's lawn I friends who went to church didn't live any across the street. The grass was so green and I \ 1 / 1 168 I beautiful in the sunshine it reminded Ida of began to pray for a way to tell people about Matthew 6:30: "Wherefore if God so clothe Jesus in such away that they would not be the grass of the field, which today is, and turned off. Elder Scales invited her to work in I tomorrow is cast into the oven, shall he not meetings with him and Ida enjoyed the much more clothe you, 0 ye of little faith?" experience so much that she also worked in Ida laid her broom down and ran to the table meetings with Elder Auldwin Humphry. She I where she prayed and studied her Bible and was beginning to witness. fell to her knees. "Lord," she prayed,"thanks When Elder Leonard Newton came to for showing me how to be saved. You have pastor the Mt. Calvary Seventh-day Adventist shown me that just as you make the grass church in Newport News, he trained Ida to do beautiful you will make my life beautiful. I Bible work, and her gift began to blossom. ask you to and believe. Lord, I confess my God was helping her learn to tell what He had sins and ask you to please come into my life done for her in such a way that people would I and make it as beautiful as Christ's life. listen and be converted. Amen." Elder Newton was transferred to the When she finished praying, Ida was so Northeastern Conference to pastor in Boston. excited she had to tell somebody. She called When he ran his first evangelistic meetings in her sister and said, "Guess what? I just Boston, he arranged with the conference for her to be invited, and she accepted the call to I accepted Jesus Christ! I'm so glad! Please tell everybody that you know that I found Jesus, be a Bible instructor in the Northeastern and He has saved me." Having accepted Conference. She witnessed over 300 baptisms I Christ, Ida began looking for a church to join. during her 10 years in Boston, working with One day Ida found a card in her mailbox Elders Newton, Benjamin Cummings, and from Elder Scales asking her if she wanted John Nixon. She also worked in Springfield I advanced lessons. She accepted. Elder W. C. with Ralph Williams; in Hartford, Con- Scales visited her and gave her Bible studies. necticut, with Jonathan Thompson; and in U After a few studies, he invited her to church. Rhode Island with David Coleman. On the first visit, she knew that this was where Since 1982, Ida has worked in Hartford, she belonged. She was baptized into the Mt. Connecticut, with the three churches there— I Calvary Seventh-day Adventist church in Faith, Hope, and Charity. God has blessed her Newport News, Virginia, in 1963. with over 800 baptisms in the past 17 years. After joining the church, Ida wanted to tell This demonstrates that God can use young everybody what God had done for her, but people who accept Him as their Saviour and seeing that most people were turned off, she witness to their friends. I

Source: I Personal Interview — 1988-1989 169 I II Ola Ilae flarri8 Bib (e Instructor I

la Mae Harris is the daughter of Henry several souls I and Lottie Lewis. Her father was a were baptized. 0 Baptist and her mother, Lottie, became Because Ola a Seventh-day Adventist after she Mae's husband I studied with John and Charles Manns in her was in the late 20s. Since there was no church in armed forces, I Gainesville, Florida, three Seventh-day the family was Adventist families held services in their moved to homes. Ola Mae's mother held Bible classes Seattle, Washington. She attended services I in their home and became a pioneer of the there for several weeks and quickly got Gainesville church. When Ola was 12, she involved with Bible work. One day while she I was baptized by Elders J. G. Thomas and and one of the members of the church were Charles Manns during a meeting which they out working, she met a Black Seventh-day conducted in Gainesville. Upon joining the Adventist who told her about a Black SDA I church, she worked as a Bible worker for church in town with just 16 Blacks, and that Elder Manns in the Florida Conference. they were looking for a Bible instructor. Their After graduation from Lincoln High pastor was Elder William J. Cleveland. Ola I School, Ola Mae attended Oakwood College Mae was introduced to Elder Cleveland and for two years to take the Bible instructor's was hired by the conference that day. I course. She graduated in 1945 with an Together they worked, and the band of associate degree in Bible instructing and believers began to grow. theology. At Oakwood she was known as a At the South Atlantic camp meeting in lady who could really preach. She oc- Jacksonville, Florida, in May of the following casionally spoke and taught Sabbath school year, Elder W. J. Cleveland introduced her to I classes. his brother, Earl Cleveland, who arranged with In 1946, Ola Mae married John H. Harris the conference to employ her as his Bible and adopted a son, Johnny Lee Harris. Ola instructor. She held this post until E. E. I Mae was hired by the South Atlantic Cleveland went to the General Conference in Conference as a Bible instructor. Her first 1953. After camp meeting, Ola Mae quickly assignment was a series of meetings prepared to go to Greensboro, North Carolina, conducted by Elder L. R. Hastings and Lysle where Elder Cleveland was pastoring at the Follette in Ocala, Florida. She then worked at time. On June 4 they began evangelistic I meetings held in Palatka, Florida, where meetings resulting in 100 baptisms. She then 1 I \ / 170 / I \ I went on to Winston-Salem, North Carolina, now ready to be baptized. Even today, the where they worked successfully for the next story of the lady who was willing to give up four years. After Winston-Salem, they went all these things so she could please the Lord to Orlando, Florida, where God blessed them inspires Ola Mae. with many baptisms. The next big series in which Mrs. Harris When Elder Cleveland was elected worked was in Wilmington, North Carolina. ministerial secretary of the General There, over 500 people were baptized and a Conference of Seventh-day Adventists in new church was built on Castle Street. About 1953, Elder Singleton assigned Ola Mae to 40 of the youth who were baptized in this work with Elder E. C. Ward. Their first two campaign were organized into a youth choir. series of meetings were in Jacksonville, After this series, the South Atlantic Florida, and Macon, Georgia. One of the Conference presented her with an award for ladies she studied with in Macon was Mrs. soul winning. Willoughby, who taught in the public school In 1962, she worked again with Elder Ward system. Mrs.Willoughby and her husband in Miami, Florida. However, during that year were middle-class people who had traveled he accepted a call to the Pacific Union Con- extensively and possessed many expensive ference and arranged for her to join him in items. Mrs. Willoughby attended the meetings San Diego where together they set a goal of and was convicted by the word of God as 500 baptisms and began to organize the Elder Ward preached night after night. church into an evangelistic center. One day near the end of the meetings, Elder Ward started the "Go Tell" ministry, Mrs. Willoughby called Mrs. Harris, who challenging laymen to go tell their neighbors, lived across the street, and asked her to come friends, and relatives that Jesus is coming over to her house. Mrs. Harris prayed, then soon. As members were recruited, Mrs. Harris went to Mrs.Willoughby's home. Inside, Mrs. helped train them to correct and mail the Bible Willoughby spoke to her about how the Holy lessons. They saw thousands of people Spirit had convicted her that the messages she graduate from their Bible school and in just 49 had heard at the tent were true. Everything months they baptized 500 people. was right in her Bible. Now she wanted Mrs. When Elder Ward transferred to Los Harris to be with her as she made some Angeles to pastor the Berean church, Mrs.Har- adjustments in her lifestyle. Mrs. Willoughby ris and Elder Orlando worked with him and threw away all her jewelry, wine, unclean together they baptized over 115 people. foods and records she felt weren't appropriate In 1972, Mrs. Harris retired due to her poor for a Christian. Mrs. Harris knew that Mrs. health. She now operates a day-care center Willoughby truly loved the Lord to be willing and lives with her husband in San Diego, to give up all these things for Christ. Mrs. California. She is still involved in her com- Willoughby then told Ola Mae that she was munity, witnessing every chance she gets.

Source: Personal Interview — 1988-1989 171 Mildred D. John$on I Bible Instructor

ildred Poole Johnson was born in things through gifBirmingham, Alabama, to Mr. and Christ which Mrs. Ernest Poole. In 1956, Elder strengtheneth Donald Crowder, along with two me." By the laymen, gave Bible studies to Mildred and her end of the husband, Washington Johnson, Sr. Later, summer, she Elder Crowder conducted evangelistic helped to meetings which Mildred, her husband, and encourage 106 their children attended. souls to be baptized. When her pastor from the African The joyful experience of helping to lead Methodist Episcopal (AME) Church heard these souls to Christ and His church led that she was attending the meetings, his Mildred to give up nursing, her former curiosity led him to attend. The Bible occupation, and become a Bible instructor. doctrines that were being preached fired his After working in several evangelistic meetings anger, and he tried to persuade her to stop with Elder Young and one with Elder C. B. attending the meetings, saying she was under a Rock, she was hired as a full-time Bible spell. Nevertheless, she continued until the instructor by the South Central Conference. entire family decided to join the Seventh-day Mildred has worked in over 100 evangelistic Adventist Church. Her former pastor later meetings, has conducted several cottage confessed, "If I was only younger I would meetings, Bible studies, and hall meetings. have joined, but now I am near retirement." She has also assisted in training a number of In 1964, Elder M. M. Young asked Mildred Bible counselors to help spread the gospel of to assist in a series of tent meetings as a Bible Jesus Christ. As a result of her dedicated instructor. In the face of discouragement by efforts, hundreds have been led to the friends, she decided to accept the offer relying Seventh-day Adventist Church. * on the words of Philippians 4:13, "I can do all

Source: Biographical Data Survey \ n / / I \ 172 Qo8a L Jone$ Bible Instructor

outh who pray can be used in mar- the train and velous ways as they commit them- just cry because selves to serve God. Rosa Lee Jones is it was going a Bible instructor whose life right to my demonstrates the power of prayer. mother's house. Rosa Lee Jones was born in the little town I decided to of Girard, Alabama. Her father died when she pray for the was eight, leaving her mother to struggle with train to come. two boys and two girls. Shortly after the "I had never prayed in my life. But you know, death of her father, her grandmother took care my mother would get up every morning at five of her. It was at her grandmother's home that o'clock and pray aloud. I remembered her she had her first prayer answered. prayers, and I had always said the Lord's Rosa Lee tells the story of how one of her prayer, but nothing more. responsibilities was to go out to the cotton "I got down on my knees by a bush, and field to work with her 16-year-old uncle. She while I pretended I was picking cotton, I says, "When we got to the field, my uncle prayed. 'Lord, please send my brother David would go to a tree and get switches and just on this evening train.' That's all I said, but beat me and then tell me not to tell his mother. my prayer went straight to the throne of God. One day he beat me so hard that I told his "At seven o'clock that evening the train mother. She didn't believe me, so I begged was due and I had something to look forward her, 'Please don't make me go back to work to. When seven o'clock drew near, grand- with him in the field.' When she accused him, mother was already in bed and I waited to hear he said, 'Mamma, she is just lying because she the train. The train stopped, then went on by. doesn't want to work in the field.' He made Shortly, I heard steps coming up the path and her believe I just didn't want to go out in the a knock on the locked door. hot field and pick that cotton, so she made me "Grandmother got up and asked, 'Who is go with him. He said, 'I'll fix you.' I knew I there?' was going to be murdered. He went to the tree `It's Dave.' to cut the switches and beat me until I was `Dave, what are you doing here?' bruised all over. I couldn't run because he grandmother questioned. would out-run me. `I've come to get Rosa Lee,' David "There was a train that passed right along replied. 'I could hear her crying today. I'm the field and often I'd stand there and wave to going to take her back on the one o'clock 1 \ / / I \ 173 train.' ask God to let him speak to them and not God. I Grandmother said, 'Oh no, you're not They were frightened when God spoke going to take my baby back.' through the thunder and lightning." Standing firmly, 16-year-old David said, Rosa Lee remained at home with her I `Yes, I am.' God was answering my prayer. mother until she was about nine years of age, And sure enough, when the one o'clock train then she was taken to Atlanta to live with a I arrived, Dave and I climbed aboard and wealthy aunt until she was 16 or 17. returned home. After a few years in Atlanta, Rosa Lee "Now God's answer to my prayer was worked at night as a cook and dishwasher at a I outstanding, wasn't it? But you know, I restaurant. One day a Seventh-day Adventist doubted it. After my brother and I got home, lady saw Rosa Lee outside her aunt's home I and mother and I finished our greetings, and asked someone who she was. She invited mother told me to go to the well to get some Rosa Lee to live in her home and promised to water. The well was at the neighbor's house send her to school. Rosa Lee quit her job and I about four blocks away. moved into the Adventist lady's home. "It was a hot Alabama day with the sun Rosa Lee recalls, "I had never heard of shining brightly. I stopped by an old log Seventh-day Adventists, but since I had no I house and looked up to heaven and said, work to do, I accepted her invitation to attend `Lord, did you send my brother Dave on the church.... My new friend didn't eat pork, and I evening train for me? If so, let me hear it that was all I had grown up on. Why, every- thunder.' Suddenly, as I kept repeating those body ate pork and went to church on Sunday! words, a thick smoke began to turn around the I just couldn't understand, so I watched her. I sun and it got darker and darker as I kept on Her prayers, her talk, her attitudes--everything saying, 'Come on, come on' and then it was different." I thundered, as if God was saying to me 'Yes, I During the Week of Prayer, the Bible sent your brother!' I was trembling and afraid instructor talked to the children about Jesus of that loud clash of thunder. This should and invited them to become members of His I have been enough to assure me that God sent family. Rosa Lee accepted after much prayer. my brother for me, but I wanted more proof. The next Sabbath at church, Elder G. E. Peters So as I was looking at the sky I said, 'One made an appeal and Rosa Lee stood up. After I more thing I want to ask you to do. If you she took Bible studies, Elder Peters baptized sent my brother on that evening train for me, her into the Seventh-day Adventist Church. ■ let me see it lightning right now. Come on, Excited over her new-found relationship with come on,' I kept repeating. Immediately, the Christ, she went back to her hometown of lightning began to flash so furiously that I Girard, Alabama, for three months to tell her I thought it was going to strike me. I screamed relatives and friends about Jesus and his desire and said, 'Oh God don't do it any more, Oh for everyone to keep his commandments and I God don't do it any more!' observe the seventh-day as Sabbath. "Frightened, I went on to the well to draw Not long after she returned to Atlanta, she the water, but I was shaking like a leaf on a met a young man whom she married when she I tree. I couldn't get enough water to put into was 17, and then moved to Detroit, Michigan. my pail, my hand was shaking so bad. I can She would later confess, "I made a sad I see why the children of Israel told Moses to mistake. He came from a good family but he I 174 I I wasn't a Seventh-day Adventist. He loved New York City, New York, to be the Bible sports and often left on hunting and fishing instructor there and to direct the Ephesus trips. I was left alone much of the time to care Senior Choir. She worked with the choir for I for the children." Detroit didn't provide the four years during which time concerts were living for them that they expected. The given to raise thousands of dollars for the I Depression destroyed the opportunity to work. building of the new White Plains church. She The welfare rolls were full, and people were also organized the New Believers Choir in standing in soup lines. During this trying time 1956. Over 50 persons have been baptized I Rosa Lee and her husband divorced. Today and much money raised through the ministry she counsels young Seventh-day Adventists to of this choir. marry committed Adventist Christians. During the 28 years that Rosa Lee worked I In 1942, Rosa Lee made a vow to work for at the Ephesus Church, nearly 1,000 souls God all of her life if He would arrange for her were added. Others were also added to the I to be at home with her growing children. He Corona, Linden Boulevard, Bronx, Brooklyn did. On July 9, 1945, she received a call from churches, and in the south at Vanceboro, the Northeastern Conference to work as the North Carolina. Her work has also taken her I Bible instructor and singer in White Plains, overseas to Ile Ife, Nigeria, West Africa; New York. On January 1, 1947, Elder A. E. Jamaica, the Cayman Islands, Nassau and I Webb requested her services at the Ephesus Freeport, Bahamas; Hamilton, Bermuda; and Seventh-day Adventist church in Manhattan, Honolulu, Hawaii. * I I I I I I I

I Source: 1985 Woman of the Year Book, published by The Association of Adventist Women. SOUTHERN TIDINGS, October, 1981. I Letter to Elder Earl, November 14, 1974. Interview — 1988-1989. I YOUTH INSTRUCTOR, November 2, 1965; November 9, 1965; November 16, 1965. 175 I 1,4 WAIMEN {. ADAMS Literature Evangelist

iterature evangelist, colporteur, and Warren Lminister in the publishing work are just possessed and a few contributions Warren Earl Adams developed over made to the Seventh-day Adventist the years were Church. His love for his Church and his notable desire to help spread the three angels' characteristics messages throughout the vast territory of the and require- Southern Union kept Warren active during ments of the a great portion of his 96 years. colporteur ministry. Many people resisted Warren was born on July 18, 1882, in New the Adventist "book preacher" with his various Orleans, Louisiana. Religion was a vital part magazines and books. The literature of his family life, but as Warren grew older he evangelist, on the other hand, attempted to became dissatisfied with the typical Sunday conceal his identity as a colporteur while he churches. The leaders and members of these traveled throughout the various cities and churches, he felt, were not living up to the states. Warren was known to carry his books Bible standards as they should; thus he began in two large pockets under his suit coat. to search for something better. Many Blacks in the South worked as Warren came in contact with Elder Thomas sharecroppers on the old slave plantations. Murphy who began to study the Bible with Warren felt it was his duty to share the him. The urgency of spreading the three three angels' messages with everyone, so he angels' messages and the message of Christ's walked from farm to farm canvassing the soon return inspired Warren to accept Blacks while they worked. The White farm Seventh-day Adventism, and he was baptized owners didn't like the idea of this "book by Elder Taswell Buckner in New Orleans. preacher" slowing down their workers. On After becoming a member of the Adventist many occasions, Warren was literally run off Church, he was encouraged to attend the the farms. On one occasion, after he had been Oakwood Industrial School (now Oakwood told to get off a certain plantation, Warren College) in Huntsville, Alabama. turned and walked away. After walking a Warren had a special gift for selling, good distance, he turned and looked behind contributing to his success in the colporteur him. He saw the owner on a horse riding ministry in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, toward him. Catching up with Warren, the Mississippi, and North and South Carolina. landowner said, "I thought I told you to get off The consistency and self-motivation which my property." Warren responded, "I did.

/ I \ 176 How far does your property go?" The owner The South Central Conference in responded by kicking Warren in the seat of Nashville, Tennessee, recognized Warren's his pants and ordering him once more to be skills and invited him to serve as assistant gone. publishing secretary. In this capacity, he Warren sold several large books and worked with the student colporteurs various magazines and periodicals such as throughout the conference. After his MESSAGE, which sold for only ten cents a retirement, Warren lived near Oakwood copy in those days. College in Huntsville, Alabama, until his Warren was married to the former Ida Mae death in 1978. The far-reaching results of his Thomas. They were the parents of two ministry will be fully revealed in the kingdom daughters--Lillian and Myrtle. of God.

Sources: Taken from an excerpt from a biographical sketch of the life of Warren E. Adams. Telephone interview, Lillian Jones, 7 August 1989, Huntsville, Alabama.

177 Odell Mackey Literature Evangelist

ike most Black Americans he on to the L struggled to survive. While still in his promise that teens, Odell Mackey left school and God would assumed the role of guardian and never leave or provider for the family due to his mother's forsake His illness and his father's death. He was left to own. He also face the challenges of the world alone. took into Odell was born October 16, 1915, in consideration Wetumpka, Alabama. His parents, Will and that he had a wife and mother to support and Janice Mackey, later moved the family to that jobs were extremely hard to obtain. After Birmingham, Alabama, in search of greater weighing all the possibilities, he decided to opportunities. In Birmingham, Odell worked, obey God. played and grew into manhood. Here he also After observing the Sabbath for the first attended the local schools where he completed time, Odell returned to his job and informed eleven grades before his mother suffered a his boss that he had become a member of the severe stroke. Seventh-day Adventist Church, and that he He secured a job as a porter at the Tutwiler could no longer work on Saturday. Odell Hotel. After working for several years he stood steadfast and waited for his boss to decided it was time to find a life-long reply. "Mackey, we don't want to get rid of companion. Mary Henderson, a girl from his you. That's all right. You just go ahead and own neighborhood became his choice. They keep the Sabbath." Having taken his stand for were married in 1938. God, Odell was anxious to be baptized, but In 1942, a remarkable change occurred in before his baptismal date, he was drafted into Odell's life. He purchased a copy of Great the US Army. Because he was determined to Fundamentals of our Wonderful Bible. After be baptized, his request was granted, and he reading this book he began studying the entered into full fellowship in the SDA "Twentieth Century Bible Studies" along with Church. a careful study of the doctrine of the Sabbath. During his years of service in the military, Odell became convinced that the Seventh-day challenges faced Odell that tested his faith in Adventist Church was God's remnant church. his God. He was able to remain steadfast, He was now faced with the decision of which left a profound impression upon the keeping his job or observing the Sabbath. He soldiers and officers. knew the possibility of losing his job, but held Upon returning home in 1946, Odell

/ I \ 178 entered the literature evangelism ministry. He three years. In 1963, he returned to the South I was trained and encouraged by B. Ewing, Central Conference as publishing director H.R. Murphy and W.E. Adams. At first, his where he served until his appointment as I new experience as a literature evangelist associate publishing director for the Southern presented many difficulties and severely tested Union Conference in Decatur, Georgia. He his faith, but he refused to give up. The first served the Southern Union for six years. In I year was so lean that each month he struggled addition to his responsibilities in the Union to pay the $11 rent. His wife, Mary, was a office, he was instrumental in organizing a pillar of strength. She stood beside him and church in College Park, Georgia. encouraged him in his work. The following Although he began his collegiate work at year, God rewarded his faith. His deliveries Daniel Payne College in Birmingham, he I increased a hundredfold. His wife was finally never completed his education because he felt baptized as a result of his Christian example. God had called him to a special work. To this I After three years in the field, Odell was he gave 35 years. appointed associate publishing director for the In each position he held, Odell manifested South Central Conference. In 1960, Central great love and enthusiasm for God's work. I States Conference with headquarters in Like many leaders who have worked in the Kansas City, Missouri, called him to serve as heat of the day, he sacrificed personal publishing director. The publishing work ambitions in order to train men and women in I prospered and grew under his leadership for • literature evangelism. * I I I I I I I

I Sources: THE NORTH AMERICAN REGIONAL VOICE. I An excerpt from "Life Sketches of Elder Odell W. Mackey (Obituary)." I 179 Charle8 N. Wi1118 ■ Literature Evangelist ■

ith a career in literature evangelism until after his ■ W spanning 45 years, Charles M. mother died that Willis loves his Church and the Charles, at age small contributions that he has 24, accepted the • been able to make in the literature work. He third angel's doesn't claim to be a scholar nor can he claim message in any educational attainments in the Seventh- 1934. day Adventist school system. Charles gives "God dealt God all recognition for his accomplishments very graciously and was patient with me," and the richness of the SDA denomination that Charles says, "With tender care God gradually has been a part of his life for more than half a took away the rough edges. He called me to century. the publishing minstry in 1940 and taught me. Charles, the youngest of five boys, was I studied, studied and studied." Literature born on May 9, 1914, in Spartanburg, South evangelism became his life. Charles' career Carolina. His mother later moved the family began in the Illinois Conference as a to Chicago, Illinois. Charles attended the colporteur. After seven months of leadership public schools in the city of Chicago, but as he he was called to serve in the publishing looks back on his education, he wishes that he department of the Lake Region Conference had had the opportunity to attend Adventist where he served for two years. His leadership schools. He is convinced that our young ability wasn't overlooked, for in 1946 he people today should take advantage of the became the publishing director for the North- opportunity that Christian education provides eastern Conference. During his ten years as them. director, the student literature program During the days of notable gangsters, such developed and grew. Students from Oakwood as Al Capone who terrorized the streets of College were able to help defray their college Chicago, a White colporteur lady sold a book expenses by selling various books during their to the Willis family. A tent was pitched by school breaks and vacation periods. Charles Elder F. C. Gilbert in the Chicago Heights was ordained to the gospel ministry while section of the city. Bible studies were later serving in the Northeastern Conference. given as a follow-up by Elder Williams. The Allegheny Conference called Charles Charles' mother accepted Adventism and was to head up the publishing work where he gave baptized. She consistently took her sons to of his talents for seven and a half years. Sabbath school every Sabbath. It was not Allegheny led the world field in literature

180 I sales for two consecutive years--1958 and After leaving Nashville, Charles served 1959. as the General Conference associate His leadership, zeal, enthusiasm and love publishing director for nearly ten years, I for the publishing work was recognized by traveling to as many as five continents. the Review and Herald Publishing Before retiring in 1975, he was asked by Association in Washington, DC, where he the General Conference to write a series on I served in the periodical department. Charles the publishing ministry and leadership. Over was the first Black to serve at the Review a period of 18 months, he was able to I in an administrative position. After serving complete four small books: Leadership for eight years at the Review, the Southern Book 1 and 2, Recruiting for Literature Publishing Association in Nashville, Evangelism and Recruiting for Literature I Tennessee, utilized his expertise for five Evangelism and Salesmanship--Its Assets. years. During this time, Charles had the Elder Willis is the father of three sons opportunity to travel to the islands of the who are now grown--David, Stephen and I Caribbean and West Indies, speaking at Joseph. He currently resides in Crewe, colleges, conducting workshops and Virginia, with his wife, the former Ruth recruiting individuals--young and old--to join Stanford. Although retired from active I the ranks of literature evangelism as a service, Charles continues to encourage and career. These experiences brought Charles preach the SDA message, especially the I tremendous joy and satisfaction. literature ministry. * I I U I I I I I Source: An excerpt from an autobiographical sketch of Charles M. Willis. I Reynolds, Louis B. We Have Tomorrow, Washington, DC: Review and Herald Publishing Association, 1984. Telephone Interview, June 8, 1989, Huntsville, Alabama. I Telephone Interview, June 23, 1989, Atlanta, Georgia. 181 I II O I II II II II I II II I II 11 II II II ■ I \ / I 1 II I I Religion I Skiffs Inventory for Student activities I Activity Skill K-2 I Color and paste Using eye-hand coordination Tracing statement Using eye-hand coordination I Making book shelf Reinforcing word recognition 1 3-6 Matching information Reinforcing historical details I De-code message Reinforcing spelling skills 7-9 I Matching information Reinforcing historical details Witnessing activity Reinforcing Christian values I Personal testimony Reinforcing Christian experience

I 9-10 Witnessing activity Reinforcing Christian values I Matching information Reinforcing historical details Personal testimony Reinforcing Christian experience I I I 1 I I / I \ 183 I Religion ■ Student Activity Sheet ■ Name Date Directions: Color the pictures of Elder Charles D. Brooks and the TV. 111 Cut out Elder Brook's picture and paste it onto the TV screen.

I 0 I

0 I

I breath of life I

111

REL 111 184

I i Delision Student Activity Sheet 111 Name Date I Directions: Connect the dots and read the sentence to a friend.

I • . •

II . • • • • • I • • . • • • • . • . • . • • . . . • • • . . . . • . II . . . . . . . • • • 0 • a • • • • • • • I

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Religion I Student Activity Sheet

Name Date Directions: Cut out the books on the following page. Paste them on I the book shelf below. I

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Bible Stories for CD 71,r)(.4 ti,h3M/c4tPt Boys and Girls abb si) o_

3 Religion Student Activity Sheet Name Date

Directions: Draw a line from the statement to the correct name given on the right. Mother locked up his clothes so he could not go George Earle to his baptism. C. E. Bradford He baptized Frank L. Jones and William Scales, Jr., of the General Conference. George Peters Punished and separated from his company for refusing to carry a rifle in the infantry. Walter Fordham

Speaker for Breath of Life telecast. F. L. Peterson

President of the North American Division Joseph Laurence (1979- ).

Author of "Soul Food" tracts. Harold Singleton

First editor of the NORTH AMERICAN Charles Willis INFORMANT. C. D. Brooks First president of South Atlantic Conference. Joseph Laurence Wrote a series of small books on leadership for literature evangelists.

First Black vice president of the General Conference.

REL 188

I Il Delision Student Activity Sheet I Name Date II Directions: Decode the following message. II ABCDEFGH I J K LM

1 11 4 14 2 20 3 25 5 26 9 18 22 6

I NOPORS T U V W X Y Z 8 12 19 7 13 10 15 23 16 21 17 24 1 I 11 8 2 15 5 26 10 25 12 10 19 20 22 12 3 15 520 II

111 18 26 8 25 2 12 6 10 5 11 22 22 4 20

I 19 13 20 11 14 5 20 2 26 8 11 22 22 15 5 20 II

• 21 12 13 22 2 3 12 13 11 21 26 15 8 20 10 10

, 23 8 15 12 11 22 22 8 11 15 26 12 8 10 11 8 2

15 5 20 8 10 5 11 22 22 15 5 20 20 8 2

'I II 14 12 6 20

I REL ** 189 I Religion Student Activity Sheet • Name Date • Directions: These facts have been taken from the biographical sketches of each of the professors. Read each one, then see how I many facts you can match with the correct person. Place matching numbers on the line. John J. Beale Calvin E. Moseley Answers Answers I

Clarence T. Richards Eugene E. Rogers Answers Answers Score: 5 - Good 7 - Very Good 9-10 - Excellent I Born in Memphis, Tennessee U.S. Army veteran Baptized in Boston SDA Church 19. Prof. Biblical languages Sang with Oakwood quartet 20. Attended Oakwood College (OC) I Taught academy and college and Academy Encouraged by Anna Knight to 21. Chaired religion department twice attend Oakwood 22. Fired boilers at Oakwood Bible study with G.W. Carver 23. "Father of Black SDA ministers" Borrowed books to study 24. Father of 10 children Radio pastor, Virgin Islands 25. Sent to OC by public school teacher I Chair Religion Dept. 19 yrs. 26. Attended Tuskegee, age 15 Taught in Bermuda & Africa 27. Professor, Caribbean Union College Pastored Illinois & Ohio 28. Played bugle in school band I Graduated Oakwood with 100 29. Taught in Bermuda & Africa student enrollment 30. Established OC Religion Dept. I Ph.D. Michigan State University 31. Married Genevieve Laurence MA Systematic Theology 32. Born New Rochelle, N.Y. I Twin brother 33. Born in New York City General Conference position for 21 34. Directed Medical Cadets, General I years Conference Taught at Oakwood for over 40 years 35. "No deviation from strict integrity..." REL A** • **** 190 ■ Religion Student Activity Sheet I Name Date Witnessing Activity Directions: I 1. You can be a witness. Pass out ten tracts or pieces of literature to neighbors and friends and be prepared to report back to the class. 111 2. Write a Bible tract. Evangelists and Bible instructors use a lot of tracts. Please write a short tract for youth on one of the following subjects using at least four Bible verses. 111 Which day is the Sabbath? Healthful Living 111 The True Church The Love of God The Second Coming The Judgement Baptism: Sprinkling or Immersion 111 Tithing

3. You can be an evangelist. Plan a youth week of revival working with your church pastor. Select five students to write a 15 minute sermon to present and assign others to design advertising posters, to usher, to be pianists or give a musical selection. Students 111 can invite their friends and family.

4. Why Christians don't dance. Read the story about Elder E. E. Cleveland then 111 discuss why Christian youth should not dance. See the Seventh-day Adventist Church Manual and the book Seventh-day Adventists Believe...

5. Invite your pastor to visit the class and share a description of his life as a pastor/evangelist. Be prepared to ask him questions which you might be pondering. 111

I REL ** * 111 191 Delision ■ Student Activity Sheet I Name Date Personal Testimony 111

Directions: After reading the story of how God led Mrs. Ida Hanks to a saving relationship with Christ and on to be a soulwinner, write your personal testimony. ■

My life before I accepted Christ as my personal Savior...

How I accepted Christ as my Savior...

What Christ has done in my life since I accepted Him...

My favorite text is...

I Three persons I would like to see accept Christ: 1 U

REL *** **** ■ 192 ■ ■ A fli8tory of black SDA Education

eventh-day Adventist education, the peace of thy children" (Isaiah 54:13) provides "crown jewel" of the Church, is an Adventist education with its de facto mission S integral part of its mission to save statement for administration and operations. 1 God's children. Its foundation begins This God-given mandate propels us to by acknowledging God as the Creator, and establish schools, train Christian teachers, I man as His highest creation. Man's author and publish books sensitive to our responsibility is to glorify God through the Bible-based objectives and forge an development of his spiritual, physical and inseparable triune of home, church and school. mental powers. Black Seventh-day Adventist education is God's charge that "All thy children shall be no exception. I taught of the Lord, and great shall be the In 1877, the first SDA school for Blacks

Clock wise from left: Northeastern Academy Graduating Class, 1979; Nathaniel Higgs, Mechanical Drawing Class, Peterson Academy, Inkster, Michigan, 1968. Faculty, F. L. Peterson Academy. Allen Reid prays with students at a 1974 Peterson Academy Week of Prayer.

193 I From top left: Oakwood Academy, Huntsville, Alabama; Ann Galley's classroom at Oakwood Elementary; Ivan Christian, principal, Ramah elementary, Savannah, Georgia; Samuel Gooden, former education superintendent, South Atlantic Conference; A sixth grade class at F. H. Jenkins elementary, Nashville, Tennessee, Loretta Freeman, teacher; Reginald Barnes, Lake Region Conference; Henrietta Emmanuel, former English professor at Oakwood College.

was begun by H. M. Van Slyke near Kansas Some of these pioneers are Mrs. J. G. Thomas, City, Missouri; and about the same time, Elvirah Finley, Julia Wesley, Julia Baugh, Joseph Clarke and his wife started another Seneva Crossgrove, Dollie Ford, Trula Wade, school in Texas. The "Morning Star" boat, Delilah Custard, Mrs. R. L. Warnick, Ezra operated by James E. White (1895), taught Watta, Artie McNichols and Ivan Christian. Bible and classes in reading, writing and In more recent years Black educators have singing to adults and children. From this boat made contributions in various areas. The first school we are able to trace some early pioneer system-wide recognition of Black writers was "torch bearers" such as Etta Littlejohn and evidenced when Dr. Natelkka Burrell, with Cynthia Johnson, who were among the first co-author Ethel Young, wrote the first SDA students at the Oakwood School (now Reading Series. This pioneering edition is the Oakwood College) in 1896. forerunner of the new SDA Life Reading Since this early beginning, our education Series. For this series, Adventist Reading system has produced many outstanding Management System (ARMS) was developed educators who have helped to perpetuate SDA by Dr. Norwida Marshall to assist teachers in education under difficult circumstances. the management and implementation of the

194 The pictures above feature Union School, Los Angeles, California. Clockwise from top left: Union School; Virginia Thomas, Principal and Mary the first Black and only SDA to serve on the Young, Registrar; V. Knight and the first grade California State Board of Education. listening center; beginning computer class; Mrs. Appointed by Governor Ronald Reagan, Dr. Peak's first grade reading class. Ford was vice president for four years and reading program. A K-12 Reading Guide was president for one year. During that time it was developed by Sandra Herndon, who was also a declared by the board that evolution would be member of the SDA Life Reading Series taught as a theory and that creationism would committee. Mrs. Herndon was the first Black be introduced into the science textbooks in woman superintendent. grades K-8. As a result, several books were There are many Blacks who have made changed to include this material. Dr. Jessie outstanding contributions in education and Godley Bradley, Oakwood College graduate, administration. Dr. John Richard Ford was was director of elementary schools of New

Gene Freeman and Doria West teach Bible and Northeastern Conference Science Fair language arts at Loma Linda Academy in California.

195 Top: Lake Region teachers. At left, a kindergarten class graduates in the Lake Region. Right: St. Louis, Missouri, Junior Academy.

Haven, Connecticut, for over 15 years. Dr. union level for the Columbia Union, and Dr. Talbert Shaw, another Oakwood graduate, has Norwida Marshall, Southern Union associate been the president of Shaw University since director of education, is the first female to 1988. Dr. Timothy McDonald was the first hold this position. Phyllis Paytee was the first Black director of education to serve at the Black associate director of education for the Pacific Union. Dr. A. T. Westney is associate At left, Joseph Dent, education superintendent, director of education in the Columbia Union. Allegheny East Conference, evaluates student's In that "Education is the mother of all reading. E. I. Cunningham, a former women's dean professions, " many leaders attribute their at Oakwood College, for whom the women's dorm was named. At right, teachers D. Dorsey and Doris Hardeman are honored at their retirement by Southeastern Conference Treasurer Don Walker, Education Superintendent Oster Paul and Principal Archer. Lower right: The Miami, Florida, Union Academy band performs.

196 Top left, Education Superintendents Dr. N. Miller (left), central States Conference; Elder N. Higgs, South Central Conference; Elder I. Van Lange, Lake Region; and Dr. William Wright, South Atlantic. Top right, 1987 Inservice, New Orleans, Louisiana. Above, City Temple Junior Academy, Dallas, Texas. Below: A teachers meeting from the 1950s. success to outstanding Seventh-day Adventist educators who provided their foundation. One such educator was Onilda A. Taylor who organized the Oakwood College Library. There are many, many more who have also made notable contributions, among whom are Mrs. Jessie Wagner, Ceola Jones, Ruth Mosby Greene, Edna Lett Williamson, Naomi Shelton Clark, Cordell Evans Williamson, Linval William- son, Louise Duncan Davis, Avie Joseph, Carol Cantur, Sam Gooden, Alice Brantley, Reginald Barnes, Emerton Whidbee, Belvina Barnes and Rosemary Tyrrell. 197 The education departments of the Regional conferences have made much progress. Here is a brief overview of leadership and schools currently in operation:

Conferences First Superintendent Present Schools Of Education Superintendent Elem. Acad. Allegheny E. C. L. Brooks Joseph Dent 12 1 Allegheny W. A. T. Westney Helen G. Smith 4 1* Bermuda Carlyle Simmons Carlyle Simmons K - 12 Central States James Jones Nathaniel Miller 4 Lake Region Walter Kisack Ivan Van Lange 6 2 Northeastern Jonathan Roache Joycelyn Johnson 14 1 So. Atlantic Fitzgerald Jenkins William Wright 14 1 So. Central Fred Slater Nathaniel Higgs 11 1 Southeastern George Timpson Oster Paul 7 1 SW Region Charles E. Cunningham James Ford 10 Pacific Union (Predominantly Black schools) 2 *The president of the conference had education until around 1980 or 1981 when Carlyle Simmons was appointed.

The first South Atlantic, South Central, Southeastern tri-conference teachers' convention, held in August of 1988.

198 Do8etta Baldwin

■ Educator

■ n February 14, 1903, in Graham, North urged her to Carolina, John Franklin and Mary teach church Elizabeth Baldwin received the largest school instead I Valentine they had ever gotten in the of public school. person of a baby girl whom they named After she went I Rosetta. to Charlotte to In 1914, Elder G. E. Peters, with the aid meet with the of Elders B. W. Abney and Shepherd, held a Educational I tent meeting in the city of High Point, North Committee, they decided to send her to Carolina. Mary and John Baldwin were Oakwood College that summer to learn more 1 among those to leave the African Methodist about the Bible and the Adventist doctrines. Episcopal Church to accept the Advent In the fall of 1922, she was sent to her first message. They took their children with them, assignment -- a little one-room school in but only Rosetta joined. In those days, it was LaGrange, North Carolina, where she stayed traumatic (especially for children) to be a for four years. They had some problems in Seventh-day Adventist, because the children at Wilmington, so they asked her to go there for school teased and embarrassed them about a year, after which she returned to LaGrange their strange religion. for four years. I After having an accident which left After camp meeting in 1933, the Charlotte Rosetta in the hospital for several weeks, she church opened a one-room school in the read the book Bible Readings for the Home. basement of the church. It had just a plain dirt I She also promised the Lord that she would floor. After arriving there, Rosetta organized obey him henceforth if he would heal her. a club to floor the basement and make other I The Lord answered her prayer. She was not improvements so the school would pass city ashamed to attend church on Sabbath anymore inspection. She lived out of her little suitcase nor to go to school. She joined the church in for two weeks, after which Pastor Robert I 1915 and was baptized in 1917 when they Ryles and his wife took her to LaGrange to get thought she knew and understood the her clothes and other belongings. Four years later, the school in Louisville, U Adventist doctrines. In 1922, when she finished High Point Kentucky, asked the Carolina Conference to Normal School, Mrs. Maude Bookhardt, the send them a good teacher. Miss Smith, the I Education Superintendent for the Caroiina superintendent, asked Rosetta to go. Rosetta Conference came to see her. Mrs. Bookhardt was very fearful, but Elder Boyd, the pastor, I I / I \ 199 I and his wife were extremely supportive. They Among the faithful teachers who have come to told her to keep up the good work and she help with that school were Mrs. E. E. I would get along all right. Rosetta sent her Cleveland, Mrs. Helen Brown, Mrs. Viola train schedule ahead, but, when she arrived, Barnes, Mrs. Humes, Mrs. Sarah Parkers, and there was no one to meet her. She was young of course, Miss Sylvia Jackson who is now the I and lonely at the railroad station in a strange principal. Some of the strongest workers in town . The desk clerk finally got in touch the church at High Point were taught at the with Elder Keits, the pastor, who came and Baldwin Chapel School. took her to his home that night. The next day "The sources of my inspiration came first they sent her to a Sister Brown's home where from the Lord and then from Anna Knight, I she stayed for a month until Mr. and Mrs. Mother Cunningham and Maude Bookhardt. William Fort returned from a trip. She lived Miss Knight saw her walk into the chapel at with the Forts for the next six years. Oakwood with Mrs. Lucille Rogers. She said, I In August, 1942, Rosetta's father died. On `What little girl is that, she can't teach, not going home, she was encouraged to remain school!' I had to prove to her that good things I there because she was the only other Adventist sometimes do come in small packages." * in the family, besides her mother. Many children were brought into the Church after I their families accepted the Advent message at a tent meeting conducted by Elder H. D. FACTS OF INTEREST • Singleton. They wanted Rosetta to establish a Birth date -- February 14, 1902 school there, so for the past 38 years, she has Started teaching at the age of 20 in 1922. remained in High Point teaching that school. Taught one year in the public school system in Her father gave the lot on which to build High Point. the church when there were less than a dozen Started teaching in church school in 1923 in members with only two men. He and the LaGrange, North Carolina. other brother built the church for $900 and the Taught in church school in Wilmington, members paid for it by contributing $9 per Raleigh, and Charlotte, North Carolina, month. The church was named Baldwin and Louisville, Kentucky. Chapel SDA Church and the school was called In 1942, the school was started in High Point. Baldwin Chapel SDA School. Retired in 1969. In 1947, the number of children increased Total teaching years -- 66 years. to the point where two teachers were needed. Presently, teaching kindergarten. I

Source: FOCUS ON EDUCATION: Southern Union Conference. 200 Oosa Taylor banks

■ Educator and Administrator

• 9 rc osa Taylor Banks likes to read the and later as the story of Isaiah's call by God. She is vice president for especially interested in Isaiah's administration answer, "Here am I, send me." This and development. she decided to adopt as her motto in life. She During this time, I also remembers the statement "All the world's she developed a a stage, and the men and women merely five-year strategic players," from Shakespeare's "As You Like plan for Oakwood I It." So she decided early in life--at age 15--to College. plan her life in stages. Dr. Banks served in the community in I Rosa's major goals were (1) to become several demanding positions such as Hunts- actively involved in the Missionary Volunteer ville Community Coordinator for the United Society (now the Adventist Youth Society), Negro College Fund which raised $150,000 I (2) to successfully complete high school and annually (1984-89), and as a member of the college, (3) to receive a Christian education mayor and city councils. and (4) to work in Christian service. Dr. Banks was one of the most sought- When the time came to make a decision in after speakers on the faculty at Oakwood each of these areas, Rosa would go to her College, where she capably performed the I favorite prayer spot and ask, "Lord, what is it duties of an elder of the Oakwood College you want me to do?" church. She was often called upon to speak As a result, Rosa completed her high on "Women's Issues," one of her favorite school and college education, and also earned areas of discourse. She has served on several the master's and doctoral degrees in business committees of the General Conference. • education. She married Halsey Banks and Recently, Dr. Banks accepted a call to the became the mother of four children, two of General Conference as general field secretary/ whom were adopted. director, Office of Human Relations. She I In 1969, Rosa began teaching business became the first woman to serve in a education at Oakwood College Academy. high-level position in the GC. I After two years she was appointed head of the Rosa was born, second in a family of 12 business education and secretarial science children, to Eddie and Albertha Taylor in department at Oakwood College. Her next Gainesville, Florida. She has been an I appointment was to serve as the first woman excellent role model to her brothers and assistant to the president at Oakwood College, sisters, as well as to her students. She is proof I

I 201 I that people can accomplish what they choose joined the Adventist Church at age 13,was the I when they allow God to lead in their lives. fact that God had called her, like Isaiah, to a She can proudly say that all of her goals have life of Christian service. been met according to her plan with only one Among her many awards for outstanding I 'exception. She explains, "I had planned to service to the SDA Church and community are give 15 years to the Church, but soon realized recognition from the Association of Personnel I I was hooked to denominational employment." Leaders, Outstanding Educators, Association Realizing that God called her to a life of of Adventist Women, Outstanding Alumnus denominational service, she has altered that presented by the National Association for the I goal to 40 years. Unknown to Rosa, when she Advancement of Higher Education. T:T

Source: I Autobiographical sketch, 1989.

I 202

I I I Natelkka E. Burrell I 1 Educator

I orn tiny, premature, and delivered by a month. The midwife, many consider it a miracle children were of I that Natelkka E. Burrell survived after mixed nation- coming into the world Feb. 8, 1895, in ality. Natelkka Brooklyn, New York. Her incubator was a taught there for I basket lined with turkish towels and hot-water two years. Dur- bottles. Still, she survived. ing the summer I Her father died when she was three, leav- she worked at ing her to be reared and educated by her moth- Camp Menuncatuk--an all-girls camp located er. Formal education began for her at age on the bay about five miles from Guilford. I five. She attended a Baptist kindergarten run Later, she was hired to start a school for by two sisters. Here she set her goal for her Black children in Baltimore. This was a very life's vocation--to be a teacher. She attended rewarding and successful project. It was here I an avant-garde public school in a primarily that she met and married Joseph H. Bishop. upper-middle class neighborhood. When she She returned to teaching and for four years I reached high-school, her mother placed her in taught seventh and eighth grade at the Harlem a manual training school offering several Academy in New York City. After holding vocations. Natelkka was very unhappy about several other jobs in New York, the Oakwood I this. Her mother felt her ambitions to become College Board of Trustees called her to be- a teacher were fine, but reasoned that she come dean of women. This was a new phase I needed a trade to support herself in the of work, but she accepted the challenge. It summer when she wasn't teaching. was at Oakwood that she met and adopted Natelkka and her mother became Katrina Nesbitt as her daughter. I Seventh-day Adventists under Elder J.K. After a most successful year, she attended Humphrey. Through him they learned about Emmanuel Missionary College (EMC) to I Christian education and the SDA college at increase her skills as dean. When she was South Lancaster, Massachusetts. Through asked to head the education department, God many adversities, hardships and sacrifices, she certainly was in this plan. Miss Burrell sys- I was able to finish her training at South Lan- tematically studied Mrs. E. G. White's caster and graduate with honors. writings on education, the requirements of Her first teaching position was in the state and county for certification and also the I Southern New England Conference at the offerings in selected colleges and universities (secular and denominational) from every I school in Guilford, Connecticut, for $40 a 1 \ / I I / I \ 203

section of the United States. From these she courses or to address the students in training. constructed a new curriculum for teacher Some of her honors are listed below: I education. Miss Burrell started the first Future 1945: A Teacher's Life Certificate, Teachers of America (FTA) club, an affiliate presented by the Southern Union for the I of the National Educators Association (NEA). General Conference. Sickness hit a second time and doctors at 1958: A Professional Elementary Riverside Hospital discovered she had cancer Certificate, the General Conference's highest. I of the spine. Faculty and students went on a 1963: A beautiful corsage and plaque three-day fast and prayed for her recovery. On honoring her as an "author, educator and I the day after Christmas when they performed friend," presented by the Education surgery to replace a vertebra and to fuse Department of Andrews University. others, they found no trace of cancer. Shortly 1964: A large plaque from the Chicago I after this she was instrumental in establishing Chapter of the Oakwood College Alumni the Anna Knight Elementary School . Association, bearing the word, "A living During her stay at Oakwood, she earned a inspiration to education." I bachelor of arts from EMC in 1943, a master 1972: A citation of honor from the of science degree from Wisconsin University Education Department of the General in 1948, and a Ph.D. in education from Conference. Teachers College at Columbia University in 1972: A testimonial dinner at Wynn 1959. Miss Burrell worked at Oakwood for Schuler's given by the Michiana Chapter of I over 20 years before leaving in May, 1961. the Oakwood College Alumni. They She moved to Washington, DC, where she and presented her with two dozen yellow tea roses I Ethel Young co-edited and co-authored the and a gold watch, plus a plaque with the SDA Scott Foresman reading program in inscription "for aiding and abetting Christian 1963. At the completion of this project she education above and beyond the call of duty." I went to live in retirement with her daughter in 1973: Elected to Andrews University's Rochester, New York. Here she assisted "Hall of Fame," the university's highest honor. Katrina and Margaret Earle in the Jefferson 1975: A large plaque presented by the I Avenue School. faculty and students of Oakwood College in Retirement just isn't for some people, so in recognition of "your distinguished contri- the spring when she received an invitation to butions to Christian education during more teach during the 12-week summer session at than 40 years of dedicated service in teaching, Andrews University, she accepted and became administration, research, and writing." a permanent "Guest Professor." 1975: A citation by the General Conference She has seen many changes through the at its World Conference in Vienna, Austria, as I years at Andrews and was happy to be a part one of the 10 most outstanding women in the of them. She now has a permanent home in Seventh-day Adventist Church. Berrien Springs, Michigan. Katrina has re- 1978: The high honor of delivering the I tired and moved there to care for her. In 1977 commencement address at the Spring she tried retirement again. However, from graduation of her alma mater, Andrews I time to time she is called on to teach special University.

Source: Beloved Rebel, by Elizabeth Spalding McFadden, Pacific Press Publishing Association 204 I Eva B. Dyke8

Educator and First Woman Ph.D.

(1- -4 he life of Eva Beatrice Dykes can be Washington, summarized in one word--excellence. DC, a promi- As an educator/teacher she felt that nent Black all of her students should achieve the church of the highest goal possible in life. city. While Thirty years after the Emancipation teaching at Proclamation was signed, on August 13, 1893, Howard, she Eva B. Dykes was born to James and Martha was encouraged Dykes of Washington, DC. After attending to join the teaching staff at Oakwood College. the local public schools, she enrolled at It was felt that Oakwood students needed a Howard University, where her father, mother, positive role model like Eva on the staff. three uncles and two sisters had also attended. She resigned her position at Howard in After graduating summa cum laude 1944 and joined the Oakwood faculty, where (highest academic honor) from Howard Uni- she taught in the English department until her versity in 1914 with a BA degree, she entered retirement in 1968. Two years later she Radcliffe College in Cambridge, Massa- returned to the classroom where she served for chusetts. Here she was required to complete another five years. another BA before the school would grant her In 1973, the new college library was named a master's degree, and later her doctorate in and dedicated in her honor. Dr. Dykes, as she 1921. She was the first Black woman to was known in the academic world, was a receive a Ph.D. Her terminal degree was in member of many professional organizations. English and Latin, German and Greek were She was author and co-editor of many articles, also major areas of study. publications and periodicals. She was also an Her uncle, Dr. James Howard, was a accomplished pianist, organist and choir special influence and was directly responsible director. The annual "Messiah" presentation for their contact with Seventh-day Adventism. on the Oakwood College campus was always Teaching became Eva's love. She taught at anticipated by the Huntsville community. Walden University in Nashville, Tennessee; As her life of 93 years came to a close on Dunbar High School in Washington, DC; and October 29, 1986, her students remembered later Howard University. Eva became an and appreciated the inspiration and role model active member of the First SDA Church in she had been for them. Sources: The Spreading Oak, Nov. 13, 1986. Oakwood College Newspaper. The Lake Union HERALD. Dec. 21, 1986. Obituary of Eva B. Dykes.

I 205 Ot18 5. Edward8, Sr. Educator

hether one chooses to label him a "The Graduate's musicologist, historian, college Farewell" and W administrator, alumni affairs pioneer "To a Red Rose." or editorial columnist, Dr. Otis From 1961-67, Bernard Edwards, Sr., stands tall as an his column example of God's forging multi-dimensional "Music in talents for His work. Worship" A Pensacola, Florida, native and second child regularly of Mr. and Mrs. Willie H. Edwards, Otis accepted appeared in MESSAGE. the Seventh-day Adventist doctrine in his As an ordained minister and masters graduate pre-college years. After attending Oakwood Junior of Andrews University Theological Seminary, College, he later received a BA degree from Union Edwards held several positions at Oakwood College, Lincoln, Nebraska. He began teaching College church and wrote a series of columns on church school in Montgomery, Alabama, where Bible prophecy for MESSAGE. the Frazier children were some of his first Dr. Edwards received his doctorate from the students. Two years later, in 1924, he returned to University of Nebraska, and held membership in begin his 44-year stewardship at Oakwood the American Historical Association, the American College. College Personnel Association, the Conference of In 1926, Edwards married Roberta Adele Alabama Colleges and the National Association of Claiborne, and to them was born one child, Otis Collegiate Deans and Registrars. Bernard, Jr. Upon his retirement in 1968, historian Edwards Nearly every facet of Oakwood College life began his cherished dream of writing the history of was touched by this Christian educator and Oakwood College. It ended with his untimely administrator, who responded to the school and its death on Saturday, October 23, 1971. alumni's needs for effective leadership in In recognition of his legacy to his beloved obtaining and maintaining a strong bond between school, an upperclassman dormitory was named the two groups. Edwards was elected the first and dedicated in his honor as O.B. Edwards Hall. president of the Oakwood Alumni Association in Of Dr. Otis Bernard Edwards, Sr., it was said: 1926, a post he held for 13 years. He also served "There were no bounds to his service, as dean of the college, chairman of the social Neither latitude or longitude. sciences department, professor of history and dean All he wanted to know was: of men. Is there some human being in need, As Oakwood's director of music, Dr. Edwards Mentally, spiritually, physically, is universally credited with composing the school or financially?" song, "To Thee, Dear Oakwood." He also wrote He knew no bias, nor line of prejudice. Source: Obituary, Oakwood College.

I 206 I I Bernice II. ford I Educator I ll hile at Oakwood College, not the beginning of having enough funds to meet my the Seventh-day I expenses, I worked 40 hours a Adventist week and went to school full church in Win- time. My dorm mates were kind enough to ston Salem, I allow me to use their books while they slept. North Carolina. After lights were out I would study each night Bernice was by candlelight in a closet. studious and I "One night as I studied in the closet with graduated from high school with honors. She the door closed, I fell asleep and was attended Oakwood College with the same I awakened just in time to find that the closet determination even though the struggle to was filled with smoke. Luckily, no fire had make it wasn't easy. She worked to pay her started, although the smoke was choking me. tuition and was determined to take a full class I I felt that the Lord had awakened me in time load, but there was no money for books. She to allow me to complete my education and worked 40 hours a week, studied by flashlight I thus dedicate my life in service to Him." at night after the lights were out and graduated Bernice Hall's mother said to her, "You are among the top 10 in her class. a jewel. Since you want to be a teacher, be the Her first teaching position was at Bethel I best teacher that you can be." Her mother SDA school in Miami. She had 50 students passed away, but Bernice was determined to and 25 desks. She made an assessment, fulfill both their dreams. formulated a plan, and with excellent response • from parents and church members, raised After her mother's death, Bernice went to live with her paternal grandmother and aunt. $1,000. With these funds she redecorated the I This new home became a "house by the side school, bought new equipment, updated of the road." As a Bible worker, her grand- materials and installed a new library of over mother accommodated many of the pioneer 300 books. I ministers and other workers including Anna This kind of enthusiasm for better SDA Knight--missionary, nurse and educator. An church schools permeates Mrs. Ford's life. I Adventist evangelistic team conducted She has done this in many situations, raising meetings in their city and these workers lived enormous sums of money for improvement of in the home also. Her paternal grandmother existing physical plants. Her spirit has helped I shared the Adventist message with her to inspire her students to "do the very best I maternal grandmother and this family became with their capabilities." In the life of this busy I \ n / I / I \ 207 and enthusiastic teacher, there were times Region Conference. In their pursuit of I when her fund-raising ability was a must for excellence in education, they haven't neglec- her own salvation. She sold magazines to ted their own children. Janice Ford is a psych- I compensate for the deficit in her salary of $75 iatric nurse, James Jr. was a musician and per month. Durandel is an Adventist minister. This teacher's talent wasn't limited to the Other areas in which Mrs. Ford has made a I classroom. The summers found her in various contribution to the denomination include areas of employment as Bible instructor, serving as a member of various General summer youth camps, workshops, etc. Conference and Union Conference commit- I Bernice learned to trust God at an early age, tees, special projects and programs, com- and she prayed to Him for guidance in her life. mittees for the development of the new Bible I She said, "God showed me in a dream that curriculum, and the new SDA Life Reading James Ford would be my husband." Together Series, curriculum and textbook revisions of they have made a wonderful team in the the Southwestern Union Conference and the I promotion of Christian education. James is committee for evaluation of textbooks in superintendent of education for the Southwest Texas public schools. * I I I 1 I I

Source: Biographical sketch, 1989. 208 I A Victor 8. Griffith GC Associate Education Director

ictor S. Griffiths was born in Minas, first son, Ro- Camaguey, Cuba, to parents who bertto, to attend (12 came from Jamaica, West Indies. Andrews Uni- He grew up as an only child having versity, where lost a brother in infancy. His elementary he later received education took place in two different a master's schools--one-half day in an English-speaking degree. school, and one-half day in a Spanish- Dr. Griffiths speaking school because his parents wanted accepted a call from the Northeastern him to be bilingual. He was sent to Jamaica, Conference to teach eighth grade at the R.T. West Indies, to live with his grandmother Hudson SDA school in Bronx, New York, for while he attended a private high school. the 1964-65 school year. Griffiths began his ministry as an intern in Later, Dr. Griffiths joined the faculty of the Bahamas Mission in 1954. After a year, Union College where he taught English. he returned home to Cuba and engaged in During this time two more important events self-supporting work. He accepted a call as entered into his life--another son, David, and principal of the Harrison Memorial elementary the completion of his doctoral program at the school, Montego Bay, Jamaica, in 1957 and University of Nebraska. was a pastor-evangelist in the West Jamaica Griffiths' travels took him further west to Conference 1957-63, and where he was Loma Linda, California, where he accepted a ordained as a Seventh-day Adventist minister. position as professor of English and chairman He joined the staff at West Indies College of the department, as well as an administrator where he had been a student, and taught of the University. He was associate dean of Spanish. While there he completed courses the Graduate School at Loma Linda University for his bachelor degree in theology. from 1975-76, coordinator of the University "One of the highlights of my experiences," Extension Program from 1976-78, and later Griffith says, "was meeting and marrying Bar- dean of the Graduate School from 1977-78. bara C. Duoet, a nurse from Kingston, Dr. Griffiths plays both the violin and guitar. Jamaica. I was doing dark-county evangelism When asked why he chose two similar and she was a dedicated nurse in a similar instruments, he says, "I was trained to play the missionary setting in the rural hospital." violin when I was quite young. I was asked to As an extension of his education, Griffiths play at a church festival on Exuma Island of came to the United States with his wife and the Bahamas, and during the performance, I

\ n /

/ I \ 209 I sensed that the music went right over the Dr. Griffiths' wide range of service in the heads of the congregation. I decided to buy a Adventist Church has brought him into a few I guitar and teach myself to play for song "firsts" for Blacks--full-time Black faculty services and accompany myself during my member at Union College, dean of Loma evangelistic efforts in the Bahamas. I learned Linda University Graduate School and I to enjoy it, and with more practice got to be chairman of the English department. pretty good at it. Now I spend a bit more time Dr. Griffiths now serves as an associate I with the guitar, singing with the family while director of education in the General my son David, a talented pianist, accompanies Conference, a position he has held for a me." number of years. * I

I II I I I I I I I

210 1

■ Che881e llarri8

Educator and Humanitarian

U he was just eight years old when she was concerned made herself a promise, "I will make about the va- S sad children happy, the ones who grant children never seem to smile. I want to see poking into them with happy faces like the ones I see in trash bins at ■ books." It took 40 years, but Chessie Harris supermarkets kept her promise. and those who She was born to sharecroppers on a farm in stole from the I Tuskegee, Alabama, in 1906. Gertrude, her loading docks. She saw kids who slept on younger sister, helped their mother milk cows other people's front porches and in service I and do housework, but Chessie preferred to stations. She wanted to help. One day she help her father feed horses and hitch mules for followed a boy with a stolen chicken to his plowing the fields. "My daddy always wanted little shack and saw his poor little grand- a boy," she says, "so I was his boy." Much mother waiting for the chicken for food. of her inspiration seemed to come from her Once or twice a week she would load up father who had attended Tuskegee Institute. her car with biscuits, grits, and eggs, fix a II He was an avid reader and he passed on this lunch for them and conduct a Bible story hour. gift to his girls. Chessie enrolled at Tuskegee Chessie and George began taking children to in 1924. Her parents moved to Cleveland, their home, and in 1954 they were licensed by Ohio, and before her senior year, she had to the Alabama Welfare Department. In 1960 leave school to join her parents. they bought the house next door. After state She became a doctor's receptionist and funding increased, they built additional took night classes to complete her college housing. The Harrises were parents to as I degree. In 1933, she met and married George many as 40 youngsters and teenagers at a Harris, a southerner who had gone north to time. This number now totals over 900. find work. They had four children. George "I don't think of them as 900 or 300 or 100. I and Chessie were then called to join the staff I think of them as individuals such as Irene, at Oakwood College in Huntsville, Alabama. the first one who was a baby left in a vacant George became supervisor of garden and lawn house." Today many of the children have be- services, while Chessie became the food come homemakers, teachers, doctors, lawyers service director. She reminisces, "We were and businessmen and are making contributions ■ hardly there 30 days, and I was riding out in to society and are helping others "smile." ■ the country when I saw the children." She Mrs. Harris has received awards and ■ honors for her service to the community. Mrs. Harris recently received the 1989 a Alabama Governor George Wallace declared President Volunteer Action Award from January 16, 1978, as "Chessie Harris Day" in President George Bush and the Volunteer the state of Alabama. The Honorable Ronnie Leaders of Alabama Award from Governor II G. Flippo, before the U.S. House of Repre- Guy Hunt. sentatives, described Mrs. Harris as a "Miracle Presently, Mrs. Harris is coordinator of I Worker in Alabama" by her accomplishments. transportation for the elderly citizens in rural Recently, the United Way of America in Madison County. She is active in the Washington, DC, honored her with their Oakwood College church as an elder and in I highest recognition, the Alexis de Touqueville the earliteen division of Sabbath School. Society Centennial Award. WOMAN'S DAY At age 83 she is retired from directing the magazine honored her as one of five women Harris Home for Children and now promotes in the United States to receive its Unsung the Harris Home Foundation which collects Heroine Award. endowments and raises other funds. * I I I

I I I

Sources: The Huntsville TIMES, June 21, 1987. WOMAN'S DAY, October 27, 1987, "Guided By Compassion", by Jo Caudert. I Interview, April, 1989, by Zeola Allston. ■ 212 I I ■ Anna Knight

Pioneer Educator nna Knight was born in Jasper County, Steps to Christ. Mississippi, but her family was After reading originally from Macon, Georgia, this book, Anna I where her mother was born a slave. decided to be The White man who bought the family was baptized. named Knight, and he took the family to The first Mississippi. At the end of slavery, Anna's school she tried family moved with one of Knight's younger to attend was in I sons, who didn't believe in slavery, to Jones Graysville, Tennessee, but because of her County, Mississippi. Here they did share color, she was denied the privilege. The cropping for him until they were able to buy matron of the school had Anna assist her with land of their own. They were very poor, but her work and taught her privately. working together as a family they were able to A couple, the Chambers, took her under build a home and farm their own land and their wings and taught her at home until they make it prosper. could get her enrolled at Mount Vernon Living was very hard and rugged in those Academy in Ohio. This was in 1894. I days. Blacks weren't taught to read or write. After finishing Mount Vernon, she went on However, by playing with the White children to Battle Creek College in Michigan, there in her neighborhood, Anna was able to get preparing herself as a missionary nurse. Upon them to teach her to read. Her first two books graduation, she chose to return home to were Webster's Blueback Speller and Mississippi to start a school to teach her • McGuffey's Reader Book Four. She taught people. There were great obstacles, but her herself to write by copying words in the sand. work was quite successful. I Then she taught the younger children the At the General Conference session in 1901, things she had learned. she volunteered for service in India. She and She became an Adventist by enrolling five others were sent to Calcutta. After years I herself in "The Cousins'Exchange," a column of hard work and extensive travel, she was in the newspaper that requested people to send given a two-year furlough to return to Missis- I nice reading material to each other. Two sippi to rebuild the work there. Anna didn't Seventh-day Adventists corresponded with return to India at the end of her furlough, but her, sending her Signs of the Times and other accepted a call to Atlanta, Georgia, to help I literature. Miss Embree kept the establish the Colored work there. correspondence going and finally sent her The Southeastern Union Conference head- I 1 \ / / \ 213 I quarters office, at that time, was located in years in the Southeastern Union, the Southern Atlanta, Georgia. Miss Knight was asked to Union, comprised of the states of Louisiana, I start the first sanitarium there, serving as Mississippi, Alabama, western Florida, west medical matron. She encountered much Tennessee and Kentucky, requested the opposition and finally had to open a private General Conference to transfer her to that I treatment room in her home. As an aid to her conference to do the same type of work. This program, she was asked to take over the Bible request was granted. She began by trying to I instructor's work. There was already a standardize the course of study and the two-teacher school established, and to this she textbooks. She sought to select suitable added night courses. Very soon, through her teachers and to improve the physical condition I missionary work, the school was over- of the schools. crowded. In 1922, she became the first president of Miss Knight met many prominent people at the first National Colored Teachers Asso- Atlanta University, Spelman, Morris Brown ciation (NCTA). She held this position for 27 and Clark Colleges. As the first Colored years. I missionary from India, she was asked to give After six years in the Southern Union, she many lectures on India. This helped remove returned again to the Southeastern Conference some of the prejudice which had been built up as a field secretary. She remained in this I against the Adventist work. Because of her position until December, 1945, when the Black conferences were organized. community service, she was able to start the I first Black YWCA in Atlanta. Miss Knight worked under 16 union At another Southeastern Union Conference presidents, 38 local conference presidents, 8 meeting, it was decided that Miss Knight be union Sabbath school and home missionary I asked to work as home missionary secretary secretaries, 22 union education and missionary and missionary volunteer secretary among the volunteer secretaries and 5 union Colored I Blacks. At the end of her first term, the work secretaries. had so increased that they added the edu- Anna Knight died at Riverside Sanitarium cational responsibilities to her other duties. at the age of 98 in 1972 and is buried in the After she had worked a little more than six Knights' family plot near Soso, Mississippi.

Source: ■ Knight, Anna. Mississippi Girl: An Autobiography. Nashville,Tennessee: Southern Publishing Association, 1952. ■ 214 I A Garland J. Millet GC Associate Education Director

I fter 41 years of varied services to the received its ac- A Seventh-day Adventist Church, Dr. creditation and Garland J. Millet announced his the now-popular I retirement. His wife, Mrs. Ursula "Three-way Berry Millet, also served for 27 years--first as Plan" for I an elementary school teacher in Los Angeles students was and Washington, DC, and later as an editorial started. and administrative secretary at Southern After earning I Publishing Association, Riverside Hospital, a Ph.D. at George Peabody College for and the General Conference Regional Teachers (now Vanderbilt University) and I Department. serving for several interim years as assistant to Dr. Millet's mother, Mrs. Cynthia G. the president of Fisk University, Dr. Millet Johnson Millet, was an early convert through became the third Black editor of MESSAGE I the ministry of Edson White's missionary magazine from 1967-1970. boat, the "Morning Star," at Yazoo, Missis- In 1970, he became the first Black sippi. She attended Oakwood during the early associate director elected to the General I years and heard Mrs. Ellen White speak there. Conference Department of Education. During Dr. Millet attended Pacific Union College, his eight years there, Millet coordinated I receiving his bachelor of arts in 1934 and his overseas higher education, edited THE master of arts degree in 1947. JOURNAL OF ADVENTIST EDUCATION About three decades of Dr. Millet's service and issued, with supporting committees, (1) a specifically involved ministry to the Black review of SDA nursing education, (2) population. He taught in academies in "Seventh-day Adventist Concepts of I Washington, DC, and Los Angeles; and at Psychology," and (3) "Christian Education-- Oakwood College in the 1930s and 1940s. He Values Needed Now." Dr. Millet also served pastored the Santa Monica Delaware Avenue the Oakwood College board for about 20 I and Los Angeles Berean churches for five years. years and was ordained in the early 1950s. Dr. Millet's latest post was special assistant U In 1954, Dr. Millet became the third Black to the president of Loma Linda University. president of Oakwood College. During his One of his tasks was to encourage more Black nine-year administration, 13 buildings were and other non-White employment at Loma I erected, student enrollment doubled, faculty Linda University and Medical Center, which with terminal degrees multiplied, Oakwood together comprise the world's largest I 1 \ /

I / I \ 215 I I Seventh-day Adventist institution. During his The Millets divide their time between three years of service, the total number of Huntsville, Alabama, (now familiarly called I Black employees grew, and some 27 Black the "capital of Black Adventism") and teachers were invited to teach at the Southern California. Their three children are university, while approximately 50 invitations Garland, a professor at Southern University in I were extended to all other ethnic minorities. Baton Rouge, Louisiana; Carol, a nurse and Dr. Millet retired to Huntsville, Alabama, in minister's wife in the South Central I 1982, and in 1983 was a visiting teacher in the Conference; and Debra serves as admini- teacher-training program of Bethel College, in strative staff assistant at the Presbyterian the southeastern part of South Africa, as part Medical Center in San Francisco. * I of a team from Oakwood College.

Sources: I Graybill, Ronald D., Mission to Black America. Mountain View, Calif.: Pacific Press Publishing Association, 1971. Personal interview with Dr. Garland J. Millet, former president, Oakwood College, Huntsville, Ala., 10 Dec. I 1986. Reynolds, Louis B. We Have Tomorrow, Washington, DC: Review & Herald Publishing Association, 1984. I 216 I Education

S Inventory for Student Activities

Activity Skill K-2 Making words Reinforcing letter recognition Drawing school Using creative imagination

3-6 Geometry puzzle Reinforcing spelling skills Word search Reinforcing vocabulary development

7-9 Word search Reinforcing vocabulary development Crossword puzzle Reinforcing vocabulary words

9-12 Word search Reinforcing vocabulary development Crossword puzzle Reinforcing vocabulary words Creative writing Developing writing skills

217 Education Student Activity Sheet

Name Date I Word Search

Directions: Here are six words. Can you find them? Circle each one. The words to look for are below. I

MHI FORD I DANNAMT MSDPOMN I BCI WRTU TEACHER I SFBANKS JHDYKES I I ANNA INDIA FORD I TEACHER BANKS DYKES I

I ■

218 Education Student Activity Sheet

Name Date Directions: Draw a school of long ago made from wood, and draw a school of today made from brick. Put a flag pole and flag in front of each school.

Long Ago

Today ED

219 Education I Student Activity Sheet ■ Name Date I Word Search Directions: There are 14 words here. Can you find them? Circle each one. The words to look for are below. I CFEFRNPSHARECROPPERYT LFTJKJGDQYMMCTREUETQJ I SRUNVCNUMXA RXQXI FOXF FL HJ ZQMGYLVGSNEI FRUK VCXF XNQKCAL I AL RPSGOF I LABORYMFUSEBWGHREKZRT XULJGEMTQUYPGTORI PBKS PWJUI TBGMMUFVOVDXCYU I YKOGKAGDUARMGHXEMMJSI UT BEFOE I TYACJASL XKQU TOP YFTMDSRLJ HNHTMCFUY RICNBNI AEIFNHAPACSTZ I XR PI I PNSTUALFPPQZZSA TK GI GONESFUI THWI HTAQ IMSYPI OAQCI ERKBSRWTUU LDRSTCKCUI SHEZI I AYVM UQSTHNPUCTDSFQZRGI KO QB I OE INDY IUS 01 ZTWWSJY QMC RGZHWMQBOYVPBAWCCY TNK HTI TEJTYFVUFPYYZDZ I I HT YI MMWUPFF SC001 J AKV I Anna Chores India Labor Mississippi Sharecropper Teacher I Calcutta Cotton Knight Nurse Missionary Struggle Thrifty I I I

ED `n I 220 I Education Student Activity Sheet

Name Date Word Search Directions: There 14 words here. Can you find them? The words to look for are below.

A AGE L STOZUEVUEXV PD I RHQYNT PLL SUTKCXJ ROFUONONL A BORN XZYSMRGRUCL QPHCK MTCBHVQ0D F ECT I JUXUDOZPEOI YPVTGXAZI ARADSMYNYGKMUSGWRETI T WAT H R EAE S I CCBAGKUJ KWHCVNUSCCT HAN II WN E F PXLRWLWCGPM I WTWS CFV S I D E Y G F FEKRE WOBVWK WEI TAGASDGEHROHERROLALAQSWV0 A E X U I B G B D T E L J PUS OMGLCPORZ TI HPHDSYQEPHSVGI CVRE MI EU RET P PI OTRJ CPRDE GV AR R GTWB WGJQ I Y N H N U J OZOKWGL CDY TEYJ MQRNAEGBRRVBKFRV HE EXF V ECE L YAXT IVZL VAZUGSCRYI S Y I UNA GZGNGTDKYWXUHLP EOYRCXPF X R T QK RTBQZ XL VAL H N HR A O F D L Y X XMLAHPWWGBHKGXYDLNASUYYSE YHOGUOFOWV I DKYSDOZHHWTMSF SI T ARCOT IK XAYT I YF RPSF ETY L ATTUCL ACDI PXVSC OT TON I DEH ANNAGXTKDPFCSHY VVUYNR ASK CTX I NBFHXDHIHVK COEDBHCRC N H H Z J Y IZBQMTYVMOTRHOTAAE YFOOULOROEBXJDMZDYZM I XNU

Academy Anna Calcutta College Cotton Knight Sharecropper Mississippi Missionary Nurse Struggle Teacher Thrifty

ED ***

221 Education Student Activity Sheet

Name Date Directions: Supply the names of the "Educator Firsts."

a 9 • • III 11E1=10 111111111111111111 • MI ■ I 111111111111111111 ■ 11111E •

ACROSS DOWN 1. First Black education superintendent 8. Church and school named after her 2. Wrote the "Oakwood College Song" 9. Female General Conference 3. Family began the church in secretary Winston-Salem, North Carolina. 10. Honored by President Bush 4. Co-author SDA readers 5. First Black female Ph.D. 6. Editor Adventist journal 7. First Black chairman English department, Loma Linda University.

ED *** ****

222 Education I Student Activity Sheet

Date 111 Name Word Search 1 Directions: There 18 words here. Can you find them? The words to look for are below. I STSL QTOZ UEVUEXV PDI RHQYNTRGGHL PLL S UNKCXJ ROF UONONT U G V J HZ L Ul G ZYSSUGLUCL QPHCK MT C B H VQ0DJ U J OT F ECTQJI XXDOZPEOI YPVTGXAZI K I QLH 11 ACADEMYWYJKMUSGWRETI TWATHRI FTY R UAE I I CCBABKUJ KWHCVNUSCCTOAUYY WPHL OKGSK I SOYCOKB I L J X VYRUHKCZ 11 QNFVMI DEYGFCTKRE WABVWK WEI QCPVV TDGAQDGEHJ OHERRQLAGAQSPV0AMLRO A S X U B B G B D T X L J PUS OMGSC PORZCP0AP PTI HXHDSTQEBHSVGICVROMI EUKATFC RET UPI OS RJ CCRDE GV AR R WTWBGVVGA WGJQNYNSNUJ OZQKWGL CDY TTYJAEXWK MORNAEDBRRVBKFJV HE E X F VECECRPCB L YAX T XVZL V AZUGSH RM I SS I ONARYOHX GZGEGTDKYWXUHLA FOYPCXPFXORYK 111 RTOMR TBQA XL VAL H N HY MOF DLYXRJGJ L XMLAHPWWGBHKGSYD LK BSURMSEI LGPI YHOGUOFOWV I DKYSDZZHFWNJSFMI XPD SI T ARCOT IKXAYTYYF R P J I PTYOZOI T L NGNX RAJ ODI PXVTJ LJ WONOREHCAETL WHBVGXTKDPFCAHY VVUYNJ HSKHHWSA CTXI NBFHXDHXHVK COEDBWLRCZJI S H 1 CO R USBWPMJJ FOE ZI EP N MVUEUDCI K YFOOUL OR OEBXJ DMZDYZ MI XNUEEEHH I SMZ L TWVJ L UHBMNT CL PWP Z EJ MWJJ A H WQSOSLCFAGWYSMODKGRGUYWOJXFI NV TRACXOEBF EWAVMBMISSI SSI PPI DENF 111 MLXMSKI GWPPKKOAI OR F H H K YSPNI K A B T Y K N X GPZ E QV TOUTO ER DH A K E01 MR AMM

I Academy Adventist Anna Bale Calcutta College Corresponded Cotton Knight Nurse Sharecropper Oxcart Mississippi Missionary India Struggle Teacher Thrifty II

I ED **** 223 111 Education Student Activity Sheet

Name Date Creative Writing

Directions: Select two people from the section on education and prepare five questions you would ask each one about his/her career. Then summarize as to why you would or why you would not like to choose that particular career.

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224

11188ionarie8

Preface

tarting with the first are countless others who full-time Black made significant missionaries who contributions. finished their One gains a sense of pride education and went to for the SDA Church and the various continents to work, to progress it is making when the student missionaries who you observe the growth made served while still attending possible through the college, Black missionaries accomplishments of these have had phenomenal growth missionaries under the in every part of Seventh- day guidance of the Holy Spirit. Adventist work: medical, As some of the personal educational, secretarial, experiences of these Black publishing and ministerial. missionaries are related, The map on the next page hopefully students will denotes the areas where receive enlightenment many missionaries and their regarding the contributions families have served, along that Blacks have made with the names of several in the area of the SDA student missionaries. There missionary ministry. *

225 1 Sierra Leone: Donald Simons, Louis ford, Earl Richards, Raymond and Carol Cantu Raymond, John Pitts 12 Ethiopia: William Burns, George Benson 2 Zaire: C. Billy Woods, DeWitt Williams 13 Nigeria: Sam Gooden I 3 Ghana: Ruth F. Davis, James Hammond, 14-15 Liberia and Nigeria: R. Simons, Lois Owen Troy, M. Battles (Liberia) Raymond, Lucius Daniels, Ted Cantrell, 4 South Africa: Benjamin Abney, Alice (Kenya, Ghana), David Hughes, Douglas I Brantley Tate, Ronald Wright, C. Dunbar Henri 5 Zimbabwe: Thomas Branch, Ronald (Ghana, East Africa), G. Nathaniel Banks, Lindsey Philip Giddings I 6 Ivory Coast: Lindsey Thomas 16 Brazil and Haiti: Clarence Thomas Jr. 7 Indonesia: Dennis Keith 17 Trinidad and Jamaica: James Edgecombe, I 8 Ruwanda Gitwe: Gloria Maxim, Dolly Donald Crowder, Alfonso Greene, Robert Alexandria Andrews 9 Burundi: Robert Patterson Student Missionaries: Cynthia Clark, Eunice I 10 Liberia: John Johnson Rock, Vernon Norman, Jason McCracken, 11 Kenya: Craig Newborn, Randolph Staf Barry Black, Lynn Davis, Calvin Mann 7

I o I

\n/ ■ / I \ 226 II U 13. W. Abney s Missionary

I ne hundred years ago, Seventh-day thusiastic mem- 0 Adventist churches weren't as ber of the numerous as they are today. The Seventh-day I Church was new and many had never Adventist heard of Adventism, Ellen White, or William Church. He II Miller. But over time, evangelists like established Benjamin Abney preached the message and churches in brought new members into the Adventist Greensboro and I Church. Hundreds of new churches sprang Raleigh, North Carolina; rebuilt the church in up throughout the country. St. Louis, Missouri, and served as the union I When the Advent message spread, leaders evangelist for the Southeastern Union Con- of the Seventh-day Adventist Church sent ference. Abney soon became an accomplished missionaries overseas to further spread the pastor and respected member of the Adventist I message. The Black pastors and evangelists Church. Still, he wanted to do more. played an important role in these growing When the Black people of South Africa years of Adventism--like Edson White and his requested a Black missionary, Elder Abney I "Morning Star," C. M. Kinny, who paved the responded, becoming the first Black way for Black Adventist evangelism; and missionary sent to South Africa. Although he I Benjamin Abney, pastor/ evangelist and first was the union evangelist to the Black people, Black missionary sent to South Africa. Abney helped form several churches among Benjamin William Arnett Abney, Sr., was all three groups located there--Blacks, I the youngest of seven children born to Delia Europeans, and native Africans. and M.H. Abney, an African Methodist When he returned to the US, Abney served I Episcopal minister of Edgefield County, South a total of 12 years in the cities of Miami, Flo- Carolina, on November 30, 1883. rida; Mobile, Alabama; Jackson and Meridian, Abney entered Oakwood Manual Training Mississippi; and Memphis, Tennessee. He I School in 1910 to study for the ministry. In retired at 74, after 45 years of service. 1912, he entered the ministry and was Twenty-two years later, at age 96, he died. I ordained four years later. He pastored in Today, there are thousands of SDA Orangeburg, Allendale, Columbia, and churches scattered throughout the US and Sumpter, South Carolina; Lumberton, overseas. Even in the smallest towns, the little I Fayetteville, and Raleigh, North Carolina. blue sign giving directions to the nearby Elder Abney became an active and en- Seventh-day Adventist Church can be seen. * Source: I I • Interview granted by daughter, Mrs. Celia Cleveland, 1988-1989. / I 227 I / I \ I C. Nathaniel bank8 I Missionary s

t must have been a thrill for Alan and students to I Sheppard to be among the first attend Satur- I Americans to set foot on the moon. day classes. I Many would consider him as a kind of The teachers pioneer. In the Seventh-day Adventist and students Church, there are also pioneers like G. refused to at- I Nathaniel Banks, who was among the first tend the clas- Black missionaries sent to West Africa. ses and the police arrested them. The I A graduate of Pacific Union College, president, however, had become friends Angwin, California, Elder Banks directed with the Bankses and appreciated the I the Seventh-day Adventist mission in contributions they made to his people. Monrovia, the capital of West Africa. When the President heard of the ruling, he Elder Banks' work came to the attention of made a proclamation throughout the repub- I the president of West Africa's Cabinet. To lic that all members of the church observ- become more familiar with his work, the ing the Bible Sabbath were not obligated to I president twice invited the Bankses to attend Saturday classes. dinner at his headquarters. But Elder Banks didn't just help the Because of World War II, materials and mission. When the government completed I supplies weren't readily available, making work on a large pavilion to be used for Elder Banks' missionary work difficult and government events only, Elders Banks and I challenging. After the war, materials and C. Dunbar Henri, an evangelist in Grand supplies became more available and with Bassa, approached the President about the I the growth of the SDA churches and possibility of dedicating the building to schools, Elder Banks began to build God. He agreed. Elders Banks and Henri dormitories for the students and churches volunteered to make plans for a 30-day I for the congregations. religious celebration in Liberia, making the Besides the shortage of supplies, the gospel known to even more West Africans. I Bankses, students and teachers endured Elder Banks spent seven years in West other difficulties as well. A ruling was Africa before returning with his family to made in West Africa requiring all teachers the United States. I

Source: I Personal letter — 1988-1989 I 228 I I I Maurice T. battle I Missionary

I orking as a missionary in a foreign in the lay activi- Wland sounds exciting. But some- ties and radio times, excitement turns to danger. and television I Picture yourself as a missionary in departments. the middle of a war in some far-away country. Returning to II Though a challenge, it can be quite scary. But the United even with the risk, some people, like Maurice States, Elder Battle, face the danger in unknown lands. Battle worked I Born in Oberlin, Ohio, Maurice Tazwell for the General Conference lay activities Battle graduated from Oakwood College at department. Then, in 1975, at the General I age 20 with a bachelor's degree, and later Conference session in Vienna, Austria, he was received his LLD from Union Seminary. A elected secretary of the Afro Mid-East third generation Adventist, he always yearned Division (now Eastern African Division). He I to serve. So, while at Oakwood, he applied and his family left the United States for for mission service, hoping to eventually be Beirut, which at that time was in the worst of called to some mission field. While pastoring its war years. Eventually, it became too I in St. Petersburg, Florida, and serving as dangerous for them to stay and they had to be director of public relations for the South evacuated to Nicosia, Cyprus, where they Atlantic Conference, he continued to let others stayed for about a year. When the war abated, know of his interest in missions. Finally, in Elder Battle and his family returned to Beirut 1956, he received a call to become the presi- until 1978, when Elder Battle was elected dent of the Liberian Mission in West Africa. associate secretary of the General Conference. Although only 27, he gladly accepted. As GC associate secretary, Elder Battle I Elder Battle held other positions during serves as liaison between the Trans-European his lengthy stay in Africa. He served as Division, Eastern African and Middle East president of Sierra Leone Mission in Sierra, unions, and the General Conference. He also I Leone, West Africa, and director of public helps supply workers for those areas. relations and lay activities for the West Afri- Elder Battle is married to the former Esther I can Mission in Accra, Ghana, West Africa. Coleman. They have two sons and two After leaving Africa, Elder Battle daughters--Maurice, a minister; Michael, an continued his missionary work in the Northern architect; Carla, an ADRA worker in the I European Division (now Trans- European) in General Conference; and Renee, a second- St. Albans, Herts, England, where he worked year law school student. I Sources: I Fact Sheet, Department of Communication, General Conference of Seventh-day Adventists / • Personal letter— 1988-1989 I 229 I / I ` I II I Missionary

91/issionaries lead adventurous lives. and evaluate what the natives needed. I When they apply for mission Branch keenly observed that the Africans service, they never know where they were educationally oriented. He capitalized I will serve. Early missionaries, like on that by establishing schools which attracted Thomas Branch, had an even more difficult many. In these schools, young lives under the time because they were the forerunners. They influence of the missionary often accepted the U had no examples--no role models, besides gospel. Biblical characters like Paul. Missionaries Branch made an impact not only with the were scarce, and Black missionaries young people of Nyasaland, but the leaders of I nonexistent—until Thomas Branch. the country as well. During the first five years Thomas H. Branch was born in 1856. He of Plainfield Mission, Branch was invited to I was a man of great energy, and began his join the Council of Mission Societies and evangelistic ministry in 1901 in Pueblo, other influential societies in Nyasaland. He Colorado. Exemplifying courage, bravery, politely declined, possibly because he felt his I and vigorous attributes, coupled with his presence as a Black person might be embar- astute Bible knowledge, Branch was highly rassing to European members of the council. I regarded by Adventist leadership. He was Years later, he worked in South Africa before assigned to the first Seventh-day Adventist returning permanently to America. mission—Plainfield Mission (later known as As the first Black to be sent overseas as a I the Malamulo Mission)--in Nyasaland around missionary, Branch set an example for other 1902, becoming the first Adventist Black Black missionaries and opened the door to I American to be sent overseas as a missionary. many Blacks who never thought missionary Perceiving what people need is one of the work was possible. Others would follow, and missionary's biggest assets. It's hard to tell would not dissappoint—Benjamin Abney, C. I off-hand the make-up of the culture how the D. Henri, Nathaniel Banks, Maurice Battle, people within the culture act. Each culture has and Phillip and Violet Giddings. Branch differences, and going from the American to brought many young lives to God and even I the South African culture, Branch had to make more by being an inspiration for other Black many adjustments. But he was determined to missionaries to venture overseas and introduce I help, and when he arrived in Nyasaland at age God in far-away lands. * 46, he used his years of experience to observe I Source: Seventh-day Adventist Encyclopedia, p. 151 I \ n / I / I \ 230 I I I Samuel L De&lay I Missionary

// I e went to Nigeria in 1961, and Leprosy Hos- intended to stay only two pital from I years," reminisces Dr. Samuel 1968-70 and as Lee DeShay, "but because of the health director needs, we discovered the two years grew into of the Ghana- I some 13-14 years total." based West The peaceful calm and comforts of his African Union I present Takoma Park, Maryland, office are a from 1966-73. world away from the stark poverty and DeShay's medical ministry was dangerous perils of the Nigerian and Biafran complemented by his spiritual ministry as he I countrysides where, from 1961 to 1975, this received a master's degree in systematic Columbus, Ohio, native practiced his craft of theology from Andrews University in 1957 internal and preventive medicine on the West and later a doctorate in ministry (ethics) from I African peoples. "It was worth the effort," Howard University Divinity School in 1982. endorsed Bernice, his wife. "God had called Dr. DeShay shares this story of their escape I us to this work, and we felt that we were re- from Nigeria by canoe during the midst of the sponding to this request. There were hardly conflict between Nigeria and the proposed any days that we spent there that we did not state of Biafra. "We were caught in Biafra II see someone who might have died had we not during the outbreak of war and were basically been there. There were so many cases of a under siege while there. Fortunately, we I serious nature that it was extremely important helped to train the emergency volunteers and for them to see a doctor." also Red Cross teams to help the wounded. Samuel Lee DeShay received his bachelor This allowed the Biafran government to give I of arts degree in chemistry from Union Col- us special privilege in our time of departure. lege in 1954, and his medical degree in 1959 We were responsible for one of the few from Loma Linda University. After serving as hospitals still operational in Biafra while the I conflict was raging. People were constantly physician at Riverside Hospital from 1960-61, the husband-wife duo began their international checked for defecting. We were given papers • trek of service in West Africa. that allowed us to be exempt from this Dr. DeShay served as medical director for nuisance. When we got to the great Niger East Nigeria's Ahoada County Hospital from River and attempted to cross over into the I 1962-67 and 1970-72, Ghana's Kwahu country of Nigeria, there were literally I Hospital in 1962, Sierra Leone's Masanga hundreds of people who were also waiting to 1 I \ / 231 I / I \ cross. We were told to go to the front of the ination's world headquarters in Takoma Park, I group and were even helped to cross over. Maryland, he performed as a clinic physician We later learned that we were in advance of at the nearby Hadley (1977-83) and the rebel army and they were slaughtering Washington (1978-81) Adventist hospitals. I freely all in their path. God directed our Dr. DeShay began his private medical escape that day for which we were thankful." practice in 1984 in Takoma Park. I Dr. DeShay was named Medical-Health In addition to his celebrated medical director of the General Conference, a post he missionary career, this published author, held until 1980 when he was appointed as- teacher and minister is also an accomplished I sociate director for International Health. musician, having attended London's Royal Concurrent with those posts at the denom- School of Music in 1972. * I I I I I I • I I I 11 ■

Sources: I Letter sent to Doris Gully, 8-27-88. Biographical data written by Z. Allston. I 232 II

■ Dhilip E. Cidding8, ■ Missionary

or most Americans, 1945 marked the foundation for end of World War II. But for Philip young students E. Giddings, Jr., and Violet Blevins to take a stand Giddings, 1945 marked a new for God. Some beginning. Soon, they would be among the eventually first Black missionaries to set foot in West became evan- Africa. gelists, teachers Stationed in Konola, 60 miles from and workers for Monrovia, Elder Giddings served as Liberia's the mission. educational director for 10 years. With The Giddings returned to the United States Liberia still in its primitive state, the Giddings in 1955 and stayed there until 1964 when they endured hardships--among them, traveling. responded to a call for a French-speaking ■ Only one dirt road ran from Monrovia, the missionary to direct the Rouake Ecole capital, to the hinterland. Many of the road's Adventiste in Ivory Coast, West Africa. wooden bridges washed away during heavy At the Coast they found many students, rains making travel to schools and mission young and old, anxious for an education. For stations difficult. The Giddings would often this reason, there were two schools -- Ecole wait a day, week or even longer for the Populaire for the adults and Ecole Regulaire bridges to be repaired. for the regular age group. Over 900 students But that didn't affect them from serving the gathered for the school's first registration day, area well. While in Liberia, Mrs. Giddings some standing in line since daybreak. At the organized and taught a school choir which registration everyone was required to bring a later performed for President Truman and birth certificate or judgment, where the other dignitaries. Elder Giddings built the magistrate determined the student's age. The girls' dormitory giving students an Giddings recall one older student with opportunity to live on-campus and attend the whiskers sitting among the first-grade children SDA school. with a birth certificate saying he was only The task wasn't an easy one, however. eight years old. He had borrowed one from ■ Elder Giddings and his staff had to make the his cousin. That's how eager the people were bricks, requiring them to dig for sand from the for an education. riverbed miles away. Despite hardships, Elder The Giddings worked hard during their Giddings succeeded not only in building the second stay in West Africa. The Northern dormitory, but also in building a firm European Division sent them a letter of I 1 ■ \ / 233 / I \ appreciation for handling the school's finances for all East African university students in well. As she did in Liberia, Mrs. Giddings Kenya, Uganda and Tanzania. For several I directed the school choir. Elder Giddings years, he pastored the Nairobi Central church. Mrs. Giddings kept herself busy in Kenya as a translated many of the choir songs from I English to French, although the students sang secretary for the youth, education, Voice of well in English. The choir won first-place in a Prophecy and personal ministries departments city-wide competition and sang the only at the East African Union office. She also I religious song on the program. conducted the church choir. After West Africa, the Giddings returned to The Giddings especially enjoyed the I the United States for a few months before beautiful terrain of Kenya and the friendly, receiving another call in 1971--this time to receptive people. After nearly 25 years of Kenya, Africa, on the Indian Ocean. For missionary service, they will not only be • seven years Elder Giddings served as director remembered here as two of the first Black of education for the East African Union. With missionaries in West Africa, but also there by his years of experience in working with young the many young people who benefited from people, Elder Giddings was elected chaplain their contributions.

Source: Written by Violet Giddings (his wife), 1988-1989.

234 C. Dunbar Henri ■ Missionary

t was a challenge--if he failed, others cooking classes might not be sent. But, when Elder Dick and introduced I finally came knocking at his door asking the West Afri- I him to go, he didn't even hesitate. Elder cans to a vege- C. D. Henri jumped at the opportunity. tarian diet. For I He never dreamed of being among the first three years, Black missionaries sent to Africa. While a Elder Henri held student at Atlantic Union College in South two positions in Lancaster, Mass., C. D. Henri stood at a Liberia. Along with his duties as mission bulletin board and stared at the list of students president, Elder Henri also served as principal I who had served as missionaries. He wanted to of the Konola Academy from 1948-51. go but since no Blacks were being sent, he Word circulated about the Henris' work at never expected the call. He filled out the the mission and eventually reached William I forms anyway--hoping, praying. And when V. S. Tubman, Liberia's president. For his the call came years later, Elder Henri was contributions to the Liberian people, His more than ready to meet the challenge. Excellency, President William V. S. Tubman, I "I had been thinking about it for years and knighted Elder Henri as Knight Commander years and years," says Elder Henri. "I read all of the Liberian Order of Human Redemption, the books about Africa," he laughs, "including a government award reserved for individuals Tarzan of the Apes." who perform humanitarian service for Liberia. In 1945, Elder and Mrs. Henri were sent to The Henris considered it a special honor to be the Liberian Mission in West Africa. The first knighted. years were the toughest. They lived in a tent "I think we were the first Black Americans 1 house with no windows, bathroom or running to [be knighted],"Elder Henri says. water. But they adapted to the new living While in West Africa, the Henris decided conditions. They built dry wells and placed to build a family of their own. They had two I tanks on top of the house to collect running daughters, Burdetta Leona and Patricia Elaine; water. Because of the water's uncleanliness, it and one son, Coleridge Dunbar Jr. In 1970, with many years of mission I had to be boiled before being used for drink- ing or cooking. experience behind him, Elder Henri became The Henris helped the people at the president of the East African Union in Nai- I mission adapt as well, educating them while robi, Kenya, East Africa. preaching the gospel. Mrs. Henri conducted After serving in Africa, Elder Henri and I

I / I \ 235 I his family returned to the United States where return to South Africa several times--which he I Elder Henri served as the general vice did. Currently, Elder Henri works for the president of the General Conference in South Atlantic Conference going "wherever Washington, D C, from 1973-1980. Retiring I'm needed." I from the GC, Elder Henri pastored several Elder Henri holds a bachelor of arts degree churches in the Atlanta, Georgia, area: Berean, from Atlantic Union College, a master's Boulevard, Maranatha and Mt. Olive. He now degree from Andrews University, and an I lives in College Park, Georgia, with his wife honorary degree from Payne College. Lorraine. For someone who never expected to be a I Elder Henri credits Benjamin Abney, the Black missionary in Africa, Elder Henri was first Black missionary to Africa, for his well prepared. inspiration, and the father of his roommate "When the Lord asks you to do some- I while at Atlantic Union College. thing," Elder Henri says, "He gives you a way Since his return to the United States, the to do it." I General Conference asked Elder Henri to I I I I ■ I I I I I

Sources: I . Phone interview, July 17, 1989, Jim Williamson . Tape by C. Dunbar Henri I 236 I 111881onarie8

Skiffs Inventory for Students Activities

Activity Skill K-12 Role Play Portraying positive character development Making words Reinforcing vocabulary development

3-6 Making words Reinforcing vocabulary development Crossword puzzle Reinforcing vocabulary development

7-9 Creative activity Reinforcing character development Role play Reinforcing character development

9-12 Creative activity Reinforcing character development Role play Reinforcing character development

237 Mi88ionasie8 I Student Activity Sheet I Name Date I Role Play I Directions: Pretend you are going as a missionary--pick where you would like to go. Make a list of the things you would most like to I take with you. I I • I I I Which of these things do you think would not work where you are going? I I I I I I MS I 238 I I 11188ionarie8 I Student Activity Sheet I Name Date Making Words I Directions: After reading the stories of the missionaries, find the I names and places which begin with the letters below. I M -

- - I

- I N I A - I R - I I

I -

I - I I 239 I Mi88i0flafie8 Student Activity Sheet Name Date Crossword Puzzle Directions: Complete the crossword puzzle. 1111111•116 Ell • MI MIME= • • IN • • 1111 MIMI= • FINIIIMIN • II II EMI& MEM •• II II •III a• IIIM111111111111111M IN • • =NMI Across 8. First SDA Black American to be sent 1. John Pitts went there as a missionary. overseas as a missionary. 2. It was in this country that DeWitt Williams worked as a missionary. Down 3. He was one of seven children born in 1. Lindsey Thomas was a missionary in this Edgefield, South Carolina. poor country. 4. Pastor Abney established churches here Country where Stafford worked. as a union evangelist. Elder Battle and his family had to be 5. Where John Patterson worked. evacuated from this place during the war. 6. It was here that Mrs. Giddings organized a Owen Troy went as a missionary to this choir that one time performed for President place. Truman. Country where Clarence Thomas was sent. 7. This missionary was sent to West Africa. 6. A student missionary.

mi** 240 n88ionarie8 Student Activity Sheet

Name Date Creative Activity

Directions: Make flags and costumes of at least six countries. Present a pageant in your Sabbath school and tell something about the countries you are representing. Contact former missionaries to get information.

MI nnr TAz *** 241 M188ionarie8 I Student Activity Sheet I Name Date I Role Play I Directions: Think about going as a student missionary. Where would you like to go? Why? If possible, contact someone who has been I there and interview him/her to gain information about the area. Be able to present a report to your class. I I I U I I I I I I I I MI *** **** I 242 I ■ Health And Nutrition

Preface

ever before has there laws of health." (Ministry of

been so much attention Healing, p. 127) and concern focused on More and more the world is health and nutrition. As emphasizing what Adventists have Seventh-day Adventists, we have been teaching many decades about always believed that our bodies are natural remedies. We call attention the temples of God. Since we to NEWSTART: N - nutrition, E - believe that Christ will return to exercise, W - water, S - sunshine, T the earth and take back to heaven - temperance, A - air, R - rest, T - with Him a "fit" people, it trust in Divine power. "Christ is behooves us to live healthfully. the true head of the medical I Modern science and technology profession, the Chief Physician, He are helping to extend life; men are is at the side of every God-fearing I living longer than ever before, but practitioner who works to relieve longevity without quality of life is human suffering." (Ministry of useless. Mankind is afflicted with Healing, p. 111) I many chronic diseases today, for Seventh-day Adventists are in which science research can find no the business of good health and cure. "Disease (properly called prevention of disease. We salute dis--ease) is an effort of nature to the Black medical workers who free the system from conditions have made outstanding

that result from a violation of the contributions in these fields.

■

I \n/ 243 I I Lottie C. Blake I I First BfackSDA Physician I ottie C. Blake was born June 10, 1876, training pro- in Appomattox Court House, Virginia. g r a m at LHer birthplace is significant historically. akwood I She was born in the home of her mater- Manual Train- nal grandfather, John Diuguid, a free man who ing School, now owned a home next to the famous Isbell akwood I Plantation where General Lee surrendered to College. General Grant, ending the Civil War. She married She completed high school in 1894 and a David Blake, a minister who also became a teacher's course in 1896. That same year, doctor. As a team, they engaged in medical Lottie became a Seventh-day Adventist. missionary work in Central America and the I Lottie wanted a career which helped others, Caribbean. After 10 years, David died, leaving so she went to Battle Creek, Michigan, to his wife to rear their five children alone. become a missionary nurse. While studying at In 1975, Oakwood College church the famous Battle Creek Sanitarium, the noted established in her honor the"Lottie C. Blake physician Dr. John Harvey Kellogg noticed Lectureships" (Medical Week Series). I her outstanding scholastic ability and en- Dr. Blake celebrated her 100th birthday in couraged her to become a doctor. She trained Huntsville on June 10, 1976, with her two at the American Medical Missionary College daughters who served Oakwood well—Mrs. I and became the first Black Seventh-day Alice Brantley as teacher and principal, and Adventist medical doctor during the first term Miss Frances Blake as dean of women. Dr. I of President Theodore Roosevelt. Blake died on November 16 the same year. Her first missionary field led her to the Perhaps the greatest legacy has been the South, where she labored as director of Rock inspiration which she has given her family and I City Sanitarium in Nashville, Tennessee (fore- others to become medical personnel—her runner of Riverside Sanitarium and Hospital). husband, Dr. David Blake; a younger aunt, Dr. I Dr. Blake was the only Black female Grace Kimbrough; her daughter, Dr. Sarah K. physician practicing in Birmingham, Alabama, Blake; a niece, Dr. Muriel Robinson; a in 1904, and she made frequent trips to grandson-in-law, Dr. James Holmes; and a I Huntsville, Alabama, to organize a nurse's great grandson, Dr. Keith Wood.

Sources: I "Obituaries." SOUTHERN TIDINGS, March, 1977, p. 26. "Pioneer Physician Passes." NORTH AMERICAN INFORMANT, Jan.-Feb., 1977, p. 7. I 1 \ / I / I \ 244 I Naomi Bullard Nurse/Administrator

ne day a sixth-grade girl at the Phillis would receive a Wheatley Elementary School in "U" for the test, O Miami, Florida, along with her but the grade classmates, were taking a geography wouldn't neces- test in their Weekly Reader booklet. sarily affect Suddenly, the teacher was called from the their report card room. One of the students discovered that the grades. How- answers were in the back of the booklet and ever, the teacher announced this to the class. One by one, decided to give Naomi the "U"grade on both students began turning to the back page and her test and her report card. Naomi learned copying the answers. Naomi Bullard, not a valuable lesson that day in 1941 about wanting to be different, also copied the following the crowd. answers. She, however, didn't need to, for she Naomi went to high school and then to usually made a perfect score on her tests. Oakwood College where she studied A few days later as the teacher began pre-nursing. In 1961 she received a bachelor's grading the tests, she noticed that even those degree in nursing and two years later a students who performed poorly had all the master's degree--both from Loma Linda correct answers. She queried, "How did they University. She remained at Loma Linda and do so well?" Naomi, who was helping to taught on the nursing faculty for three years. grade math tests, fidgeted but said nothing. She received three calls to work as a The teacher then discovered the answers and missionary in Ethiopia, Zambia and Rwanda. knew what her students had done. She turned In 1967 Naomi accepted the call to the to Naomi and asked, "Did you also copy the French-speaking Rwanda in Central Africa to answers?" Naomi fidgeted again. She could establish a nursing program at the Mugonero have said no, and the teacher would have no Mission Hospital. This was a very chal- way of knowing the truth, but wanting to be lenging task. Funds were limited, and with all honest, Naomi said, "Yes, I cheated." that was involved in a beginning program, "But you didn't have to cheat--you're a Naomi was determined that with God's help good student. Why did you?" the teacher the mission would be accomplished. One year asked. Naomi lowered her head. Ashamed, later, the program began and 20 students who she couldn't explain why--she was merely entered were instructed in French. Naomi following the crowd. served as the director of the School of Nursing The teacher decided that the students at the Mugonero Mission Hospital for 13

/ 245 years. All government requirements were met Ms. Bullard has received numerous awards and approved for the Rwanda Adventist for academic excellence, among them is the College. President's Award for the School of Nursing I Because she learned years earlier that she at Loma Linda University, 1961, and Alumnus needn't follow the crowd, Naomi became one of the Year, School of Nursing, LLU, 1972. of the trail-blazers in Adventist nursing Currently, Ms. Bullard is assistant professor of I education. nursing at Oakwood College.

I ■

I Sources: Personal interview by Zeola Allston. Biographical sketch. I 246 I

Benjamin 8. Carson

Neurosurgeon

t was a regular school day for most tinued, "Be- I students in Washington, DC, but the cause his work eager expressions on the faces of boys is so special, and girls in the Dupont Park SDA and his hands elementary school showed that they had are very deli- reason to be excited. Dr. Benjamin Carson, a cate. He is not young Black neurosurgeon was coming to allowed to do speak to them. Mrs. McDonald, the principal, anything that took charge of the assembly. She and three may damage them in any way." students sat on the stage with their guest. Dr. Carson stood up and began his talk. Two boys from Mr. Shaw's class were "You can be anything you want to be!" he talking. "He doesn't look like a doctor," Carl said. "I remember when I sat in a school just said. "No, " replied Dave. "Maybe the doctor as you are today. At first I just went along couldn't come and this man came instead." from day to day not giving special attention to Just then Shelley tapped Susan on her back my studies. In fact, my grades weren't good and asked, "Is that Dr. Carson?" Susan at all. My mother made a decision to turn off whispered, "Yes, he looks the same as the the television in our house. She said that my picture my dad cut from the newspaper." brother and I were to go to the library and read Mrs. Burgess stood up and everyone got very two books a week and write a book report on quiet as she spoke. "Our guest speaker today each to be turned in to her." is a very busy person. He has come to talk A fifth grade girl raised her hand and with you about your future careers. Dr. asked, "Is your mother a teacher?" Benjamin Carson is the director of pediatric "No," said Dr. Carson, "In fact she had neurosurgery at the Johns Hopkins Children's only a third grade education. I now realize Center in Baltimore, Maryland. The students that she probably couldn't even read the book seated on the stage have been chosen from reports, but God gave her the wisdom to know their classes to ask him some questions." how to discipline us. The additional reading "I wonder if we will be able to ask helped us with other school work and our questions too," Karen said to her friend. "I'd grades greatly improved." just be happy to shake his hand," Mona "My parents were divorced and my mom replied. "My dad said his hands are insured worked two jobs to earn the money to keep for millions of dollars." "Insurance on his things going for my brother and me. I grew hands? Why?" Karen asked. Mona con- up in a poor neighborhood in Detroit where

I 247 fighting was very common. I had a very bad Dr. Carson called on a boy in the audience temper. It was out of control. If I felt that whose hand was raised. He asked, "What do I someone had infringed upon my rights, I took you attribute your success to?" pains to be sure that they suffered as a result. "God," he said. "I make no secret of my Whatever was available--rock, hammer, belief in God. He has given me this talent. bottle, knife--I would go after them. Later, I God works in mysterious ways. I see this prayed to the Lord to take my temper away every day in my work. You probably wonder I and He did. Here is a text from the Bible that why I don't work in a Seventh-day Adventist helped me, Proverbs 16:32, 'He that is slow to hospital. SDAs are needed in non-Adventist anger is better than the mighty." hospitals to witness. We believe all of the I Dr. Carson reflected on an experience he Bible and we must be willing to share this had in eighth grade in a largely White junior with others." I high school. He had done so well that he won Dr. Carson told the students about the a prize as the best student in his class. This miracle God allowed him to assist with in the upset the White teacher. He recalls, "That restoration of a four-year-old boy who had a teacher blasted the rest of the class for letting malignant brain tumor. As a result of this me be Number One. Obviously, they weren't surgery, Dr. Carson's faith was strengthened working hard enough if a Black kid was I and an atheist became a believer in God. Number One. I'll never forget that." His most notable experience was the Jeff, a student seated on the stage, asked, separation of Siamese twins joined together at I "When did you decide to become a doctor?" the head. PARADE calls him a "miracle "That inspiration came from listening to the worker who was a poor inner-city teenager mission stories in Sabbath school about how who nearly threw away his life and is now an I the doctors would help so many people. I outstanding surgeon saving lives." wanted to do something special to help people Dr. Carson expressed his faith in God this I too. However, I didn't get serious about my way, "God can raise people from the dead; career until the latter part of my high school God can separate Siamese twins." He closed years. I had begun listening to my peers again with a challenge to THINK BIG: who were into all kinds of trouble. My Talent--develop the talent you have. mother worked on me constantly saying that I Hope for the future .1 was headed nowhere fast. After a year I gave serious thought to what she was saying and I Insight--read the Bible; the sky is the began studying again. I won a scholarship to limit--never take God out of your life. I Yale University Medical School." Nice--have friends; carry no grudges Brian, the last student on the stage, asked, Knowledge is the key to mental freedom "Do you have any problems in your position I Books--bring in-depth knowledge, because you are Black?" Dr. Carson said, In-depth learning "Racism will always exist, but if you prepare I yourself with a marketable skill, people will God—the most important; don't take God be looking for you." out of your life. * Sources: I EBONY, January, 1988. PARADE, December 25, 1988. Consecration address, Oakwood College, May, 1987. Rew ritten by Zeola Allston. 248 I I I Carl A. Dent I ve Medical- Missionary

I arl A. Dent was born on St. Simons full. He earned Island, Georgia, May, 1914, to Ernest excellent grades I and Josephine Green Dent. His mother, while taking a at age 20, attended school on the full load of 18 "Morning Star," the boat used by Elder James hours per I Edson White to take the Advent message to semester and Blacks in the South. Both parents trained as was gifted with I nurses at Oakwood Training School in 1908. a photographic After his father's death, his mother moved mind. Carl could listen to his professors' the children to Redlands, California. Carl and lectures and on a test write verbatim what had I his sister, Thelma, were constantly reminded been said. by their mother that they were "first class During the Depression, in 1932, his wages people from good stock." She taught them to were cut to 22 cents per hour. Money was I be industrious and thrifty and to give detailed scarce. After much prayer and counsel, he attention to duties assigned them. sought the wealthy for loans. God worked I As a student, Carl possessed great intel- many "money miracles" for him, using the lectual ability. He was an honor student in people Carl had come in contact with as a high school and a member of the California faithful errand boy at LLU. Church members I Scholarship Federation. One of his teachers also gave assistance. encouraged him to enter engineering because An unusual gift came as a result of an • of his love for mathematics. He lived in article he wrote in the YOUTH'S INSTRUC- California near Loma Linda University, and TOR (now INSIGHT). He received 100 on Sabbaths he was thrilled to hear the doctors Chinese dollars from a man who was I tell of their missionary experiences. He longed impressed with his story. to become a doctor. Loma Linda University Medical School I He entered Pacific Union College in accepted him as a medical student, and Angwin, California, in 1931 and worked his through hard work, much prayer and way through school doing all sorts of odd jobs hitch-hiking to make contacts for additional I in the cafeteria--mopping floors, cleaning funds, he was able to complete his course of tables, washing large kettles and carrying study in 1938. linen to the laundry. During his freshman Carl married Lavetta Lucas of Phoenix, I year, he worked 40-50 hours weekly for 25 Arizona, in 1938. While a nursing student at I cents an hour and was able to pay his bill in Loma Linda University, Lavetta became a 1 I \ / • 249 victim of the polio epidemic in 1934. Being a missionary doctor wherever and whenever confined to a nursing home for some time, she he was needed. Among the many calls he became well acquainted with her Adventist received was one to serve at Riverside Sani- roommate. In time, Lavetta was led by the tarium and Hospital in Nashville, Tennessee. Holy Spirit to become a member of the Dr. Dent accepted the call and found that there Seventh-day Adventist Church. was great need to improve this facility. His Dr. Dent was the first Black intern at the salary was $31 a week and he worked a Los Angeles County General Hospital. He 12-hour shift. He and his wife made many I had to overcome many incidents of racial sacrifices that Riverside could never forget in prejudice, but by his outstanding reputation, their 37 years of service there. he paved the way for many other young Black The Dents returned to California for four I physicians. years, and during this time he took up aviation Dr. Dent's first encounter with racism and enjoyed flying a plane as a hobby. came when he went for his first interview at They were asked to serve Riverside again I the Los Angeles County Hospital. When they in 1950 to help continue the improvement of came face to face, the medical director the hospital which had become the mecca for I discovered he had accepted a Black intern and prominent Black physicians as well as Black said to Carl, "We're not going to accept you." patients who were denied medical treatment at "Why, because I'm Black?" Carl asked. White institutions. A practical nursing school I "It would be like fitting a square peg into a was started to meet the need, for there were no round hole, and every time I wanted to send White SDA sanitariums that would accept ■ you to a service, I couldn't send you. You Black nurses. Outside of Oakwood College, would have too many restrictions tied to you. Riverside Hospital was the only institution I couldn't do that. It would disrupt my whole Blacks could call their own. In addition to his organization." position at Riverside, Dr. Dent was instructor It was with the help of Judge Taplan, with in clinical surgery at Meharry Medical School I whom Carl had established a friendly rapport in Nashville, Tennessee. while working as a call boy at LLU, that The Dents helped start an elementary political connections rescued him. After school on the grounds of Riverside Hospital. I several phone calls from the judge, who used In 1983, they accepted a call to serve in his influence, and with much prayer from the Kenya, Africa. ■ Dents and the SDA Church family, Dr. Dent Truly, God has used the genius of Dr. Dent was given the first internship as a Black to be a "citadel of commitment and dedication doctor at the Los Angeles County Hospital. to the Seventh-day Adventist Church." I While a student at LLU, he agreed to go as

Source: Johnson, Stephanie D. "Dr. C.A. Dent: A Citadel of Commitment and Dedication." NORTH AMERICAN REGIONAL VOICE, Nov-Dec., 1980.

250 Harry E. ford

X-Ray Specialist

arry Eugene Ford, the oldest of four When the war was over, Sgt. Ford was children, was born in Vincennes, discharged from the army. While en route 5-1 Indiana, in 1889. He was a "boy of home to Indiana, he stopped to visit his few words," but certainly destined brother, Louis, a nurse at Hinsdale Hospital to make a significant contribution to located near Chicago, Illinois. He met Dr. the Seventh-day Adventist Church and to Paulson who invited him to join the medical society as a whole. After his family became team and to head up the newly opened X-ray Seventh-day Adventists in 1905, he attended and laboratory section of Hinsdale Sanitarium. Beechwood Academy. While there, he made an outstanding His health career began with a nursing contribution and expanded his medical career course at Wabash Valley Sanitarium where he (1918-35). learned the relationship of health to one's Harry Ford held four major positions spiritual well-being. He later pursued a simultaneously while at Hinsdale. He was in bachelor of science degree from Purdue charge of the clinical laboratory, the phar- University in 1913. While working as a macy, hydrotherapy, as well as the X-ray de- laboratory technician in Lafayette, Indiana, he partment. In these positions he worked learned to dismantle and reassemble the X-ray closely with the doctors and became more machines. efficient in his field. He learned so much Near the close of World War I, Ford was about diagnosis that often he was consulted on drafted into the US Army. Here his medical medical matters and his opinions were highly training had the opportunity to expand greatly respected. Many of his colleagues felt that he in the army hospital X-ray department and he played as significant a role as the physicians. was promoted to the rank of sergeant. The His son, Dr. John Richard Ford, recalls, story is told of his compassion on a young "When I was a boy about nine years of age, I recruit who was under his command. was getting dressed for school one day and my The soldier, while on guard duty, had to mother noticed that I was holding my stomach walk past the army morgue, and found it very and bending over in pain while trying to put difficult to do so because of the ghostly on my socks and shoes. She called Dad, who feeling he had about the dead. Sgt. Ford gave was downstairs in his lab, and reported her the soldier his raincoat (it was raining) and observation. Dad came and examined me, walked several rounds with him until he felt took some blood from my finger and did a confident to continue on his own in the dark white blood count. He called the surgeon, and without fear. within two hours from the time of the first

\n/ / I \ 251 pain, I was on the operating table for acute of the police department. When there was an 1i appendicitis. The surgeon found a black accident, the police department called him, gangrenous appendix. Thanks to Dad and his and often he arrived before any other medics. quick diagnosis, my life was spared." He took X-rays at the scene of the accident. I Harry Ford was called Dr. Ford by many Ford was the only non-physician and the first who knew him because of his work in the Black member of the Roentgen-Ray Society medical area, but few knew that he completed (X-ray). In the early 1920s, he also did spe- I a doctoral program at the University of Chi- cial research in medical problems related to cago. heart disease. He was responsible for the I Ford helped develop the Riverside accreditation of Hinsdale's nursing program. Sanitarium and Hospital in Nashville, He was called in on any difficult diagnosis, Tennessee--a hospital for the Negro people. and while he sometimes differed with the I The Harry Ford Science Hall at Oakwood has physicians, many times his diagnosis was been named in his honor because of this and accurate. Ford later became business manager I many other contributions to health care. of Hinsdale Hospital. * While at Hinsdale, Ford was also a member I I I I I 1 I I I

Sources : Interview of John R. Ford (son) by phone to Z. Allston. Seventh-day Adventist Encyclopedia. I 252 I I I Thelma Bruner ilarri8 I Dietician I IT he most important message that I born to them: would like to tell parents is that there Carl and James. are six environmental factors direct- The March/ I ly affecting our health: fresh air, April, 1938, sunshine, rest, sleep, a happy attitude and a issue of MES- I well-balanced diet, and the most important of SAGE featured these is a well-balanced diet," advocates Mrs. Thelma's photo Thelma Bruner Harris, recognized worldwide on the cover and I as a nutritionist, author and editorial colum- first-ever article, "Balancing Your Bill of nist. As she tends her garden in her south-side Fare." In 1952, Louis B. Reynolds, editor-in- Chicago, Illinois backyard, she is surrounded chief of MESSAGE, appointed Thelma food I by her three loves: healthful dieting, home- editor for the magazine after the death of her making and an avid love for her people. very good friend, Marvene Jones. For the • Born July 3, 1916, in Frederick County, next 20 years, she wrote a regular column Maryland, Mrs. Harris finished Oakwood "Food for Health," a collection of health Junior College in 1935. She was urged to at- education pointers interspersed with meatless I tend Loma Linda University and return to recipes. During those years as nutritionist- Nashville, Tennessee, to become Riverside educator, Thelma conducted cooking classes I Sanitarium and Hospital's dietician. "It was in both greater Chicago and at the Lake when I went to Loma Linda that I first learned Region Conference annual camp meetings in how to balance a diet, and I was surprised that Cassopolis, Michigan. At the same time, I not one of our Black publications--not even Thelma worked full-time at Chicago's Shiloh the newspapers--discussed the importance of a SDA church and nearby academy, as health well-balanced meal. It was there that I decid- and first-aid instructor and full-time cashier. • ed to devote my life to educating my people to Favorable response from her MESSAGE eat properly, particularly vegetarian meals." magazine column began to come from readers I Thelma returned to Oakwood and married in such far-away places as Africa and the school official Cornelius Harris in 1940. "I Philippines, most of whom were making one had visions of lecturing and traveling," she major request: compile her 20-plus years of I says, "but I also wanted to get married and be columns into a cookbook. In 1972, the year a homemaker." While at Oakwood, she taught she retired from the MESSAGE post, I home economics before she and her husband Southern Publishing Association published her moved to Chicago in 1941. Two sons were Good Food for Good Health cookbook. Source: I • Interview by Tim Allston, June, 1989. / I 253 I / I \ Yet Marvene C. Jones Dietician

hysical health and well being is just as the art of baking important as spiritual health in God's bread and of p plan for man's salvation. "Beloved, I preparing wish above all things that thou mayest attractive, nutri- prosper and be in health, even as thy soul tious meals. prospereth." This was the apostle John's wish Because of her for the church. Seventh-day Adventists have dedication to been pioneers in the gospel of good health and her work, Ms. clean living, and many within the Church have Jones spent much of her time volunteering her dedicated themselves to this ministry. Among skills and expertise to educate others. She them is the late Marvene C. Jones. traveled to many cities lecturing on health. After graduating from the Illinois Institute Through these lectures, many people became of Technology with a bachelor's degree in aware of the importance of healthful living, dietetics, Ms. Jones began her health ministry and many lives were changed. by teaching people to live strong, sound, Marvene Jones was a lecturer, researchist, robust lives by following the rules of health, and author in the field of food and nutrition. which includes the use of common nutritious Readers of MESSAGE magazine have foods. Her ministry took her to the ghettos benefitted from her many feature articles on among low-income families where she taught health and also from her column on diet and the people with limited funds how to prepare foods. well-balanced, healthful meals. Ms. Jones is the author of Eating for In her cooking classes, Ms. Jones taught Health, a book which holds the distinction of her students the nutritional value of many of presenting new approaches for improving the common, everyday foods. Among other living standards of lower- and middle-income things, she taught them how to prepare and groups, and for helping to solve many of their cook those foods without destroying the nutritional problems. At the time of her death, vitamins and other nutrients. She also taught she was actively pursuing a master's degree at them the health benefits of eating raw foods, the University of Chicago where she had the loss in food value through cooking or over completed all of the requirements, except the cooking certain foods, the benefits of a thesis. Her exotic dishes and her practical vegetarian diet, the health risks in eating flesh demonstrations in cooking will long be foods, and the importance of diet as it relates remembered. to health. Many of her students were taught Source: \ I / • MESSAGE magazine.

I 254 Ruth F. Stafford Heath Educator

s we near the end of time, we need addition to her dedicated and consecrated youth to duties as a enter the health field to help in these nurse, Ruth closing days. This is an avenue taught elemen- through which we can serve," says Ruth tary school at Naomi Stafford. The 47 years of dedicated Shiloh Church. service that she gave to the Seventh-day Ruth accepted a Adventist Church prove that she believes call to return to every word spoken here. Oakwood to assist Doctors Cherry and Hol- Ruth was third in a family of seven ness in health care. This exposure helped her children born to Louis and Julia Frazier in to see the need for further training. She Montgomery, Alabama. They were baptized enrolled in Pacific Union College and into the SDA Church by Elder T.D. Buckner, received a bachelor of science degree in who impressed upon them the importance of nursing education. In the summer she worked Christian education. at White Memorial Hospital where she met Ruth reflected on her childhood, "All of us Dr. Carl Dent, who was an intern. They later went to church school. I remember my became a part of the Riverside Hospital staff primary teacher, Ms. Julia Wesley, and Mr. in Nashville, Tennessee, along with Harry Otis B. Edwards taught me in the 7th and 8th Ford, X-ray technician and pharmacist, and grades. My parents were hard working truck Dr. T. R. M. Howard, medical director. farmers and they sent us to Oakwood It was in this setting at Riverside Hospital Academy and Oakwood Junior College. From that Nurse Ruth Frazier coordinated an interim 1923 until now, there has always been a nursing program at Meharry Medical College Frazier at Oakwood." for the SDA students since they couldn't be Ruth graduated in 1927 and entered a trained at Riverside Hospital. The students in nursing program at Hinsdale Sanitarium and this first class included her sister, Mary Hospital. After graduating she accepted a Frazier Carter, Elsie Duhaney, Ann McQuerry position at Shiloh SDA Church in Chicago, Simons, Dorothea Laurence and Corrine Illinois, where Elder Owen Troy, Sr., was Williams Lindsey. She said, "Riverside was pastor. He opened a health clinic in the flourishing in those days and this nursing community and began an extensive health program lasted for about six years." program which included health classes, In September 1948, Ruth married Joseph hydrotherapy treatments and dental care. In Stafford, a graduate of Oakwood College. She 1 \ /

I 255 received a master's in education from Fisk worked closely with the college's physicians, I University. Later, she and her husband S.O. Cherry, S.W. Hereford and Donald attended the University of Minnesota, and Bedney. from there, continued her education at Mrs. Stafford reflected on her years of I Teachers College in New York City. nearly a half century of service in Adventist Nurse Ruth Stafford returned to Oakwood institutions. "I assisted in the birth of many College, this time as director of Health faculty members' babies while at Riverside 1 Services. She took charge of the pre-nursing Hospital, and I have watched many of them program, and taught History of Nursing and grow up here in the Oakwood community and I Health Principles at the college as well as become workers in this great cause spreading health classes at Oakwood Academy. Being the gospel message to the world." * in charge of health care for all students, she I I I I I I I I I I I I

Source: I Interview — 1988-1989. I 256 I ■ Ruth J. Temple Public Health Officer

uth Temple's life reflects that of a the cold without rich heritage. She tells that her a coat, she R grandfather descended from an would give I African tribe of which his father, a them one of prince, was brought to America as a slave. hers. There was I When her princely ancestor was told that always soup on he had to become a slave, he said, "I can't do the stove for the that." His captors responded, "You have to." hungry." I He replied, "I can't." Again they said, "You When Ruth was 10 years old her father died have to." They tied him to a tree and asked and her mother moved the family to southern him, "Do you give up? Do you say that you California. Mrs. Jennie Ireland, a graduate will become a good, obedient slave?" He nurse from Battle Creek, Michigan, gave the insisted, "I cannot do that. I prefer death to family Bible studies. She also taught them I slavery." So they beat him to death. simple health treatments. Ruth liked this Ruth's mother's people had that same because she was interested in health. As a feeling--that they were born free. They were result of these classes, the family became I from France and England. Ruth's parents met Seventh-day Adventists. in the North while working their way through Ruth attended Loma Linda University and U college. Her father received a doctor of graduated in 1918 in a class of 22 where only divinity degree and her mother was a teacher. three were females. She was the first Black to They felt the need to fulfill what they con- graduate from the University. I sidered to be a call from God to be mission- After graduation, Dr. Ruth Temple, in the aries to the people in the South, so they moved spirit of a missionary, began her work in the ■ from Ohio to Natchez, Mississippi. That's south Los Angeles area, which she considered where Ruth was born on November 1, 1892. a mission field. She recalls an incident which Because of her rich, mixed heritage and strong gave birth to her idea of opening a clinic. A I Christian background, Ruth learned early what mother filled with fear, ignorance and mistrust love for all mankind was about. She said, "My of others, refused to hospitalize her baby who suffered with pneumonia. As a result, the I family never discussed racial issues or ethnic backgrounds with us." Her family felt that baby died. It was time, then, for Dr. Temple their 13-acre place was a refuge for all people. to act. I "My mother had a heart of gold. She would In 1941, Ruth received a master's degree help anyone. If she saw someone walking in from Yale University in public health, after I

I / I 257 I which she served as Chief Health Officer in helped to rear, I have all the children in the Los Angeles for over 20 years. She retired in world." 1962 and continued to work yearly on the At age 86 she traveled to Africa and annual Los Angeles County Community worked with 40 nations in the interest of I Health Week, which promotes the prevention community health. Dr. Temple has been of disease. The Dr. Ruth Temple Health honored by Mayor Tom Bradley and I Center was named in her honor in 1983. Presidents Kennedy, Nixon and Reagan. But Dr. Temple never had children. She and the greatest honor of all has been bestowed her husband, who died in 1959, decided not to upon her by the greatest Physician who says, have a family until Ruth had finished her "In as much as you have done it unto the least of these, my brethren, ye have done it unto career. She never finished, "But," she said, "I I never felt cheated. With all of the babies I've Me." She died at age 91. delivered and both of my sister's children I 1

I ■

Sources: I . Alumni Journal, Loma Linda University, Vol. 54 #2, April-June 1983 . SCOPE, March-April 1981 . WAVE Newspapers, Englewood, CA, Vol. 66 #12, February 15, 1984 258 Alma flogs° York ■ International Health Consultant

lma Foggo York was born in Bermuda, nurseries. In the first in a family of three children to 1961, she be- I Mr. and Mrs. Alfred Foggo. Her early came the first childhood began in an Anglican Black instructor Christian home. A colporteur sold her parents of nursing at I a copy of The Great Controversy, and through Boston Hospital diligent study, they became Seventh-day for Women (a I Adventists. Harvard Uni- Alma was a high achiever. She won a full versity affiliate). Later she received a scholar- scholarship and planned to continue her ship to Boston University. education in England, but her parent's Alma's outstanding community service, conviction of God's plan for Christian which included committees, special projects education changed all of Alma's plans. She director, and member of the Board of Trustees I attended the Bermuda SDA Institute and was of Brigham & Women's Hospital led to her the first to graduate from the eighth grade appointment by the mayor of Boston to the I class with honors. position of Assistant to the Commissioner and At graduation, while Alma was being Senior Policy Analyst for the Department of complimented for her achievement, her Health and Hospitals of Boston. I teacher, aware of her potential, said to her As the top Black woman in Boston city parents, "It isn't that Alma is so brilliant, she government, she has had input in major I stands tall above the others because her legislation that affected school busing, health classmates are unmotivated and present no care, and reorganization of government, and challenge for her. Get her out of here or she has helped to open doors of opportunity for will become Bermuda's best known and most graduates from Atlantic Union College, Fisk shrewd delinquent." and Meharry Universities, and many more. I Alma was sent to the United States to When asked what happened to the advice, attend South Lancaster Academy in "Don't talk to strangers," given to her by her Massachusetts, then later to Atlantic Union mother when Alma was leaving home for the ■ College where she graduated with honors. first time, Alma replies, "Well, I was a little Alma began her health career in nursing at girl then, and I followed that advice as best I New England Sanitarium and Hospital, could. But as my education expanded, so did I graduating in 1959. She was immediately my contact with people -- I never meet hired as charge nurse in obstetrics and the strangers. I

I 259 / I \ I "Now my parents say, 'You are an Esther. a responsibility to return it in kindness to I God has placed you in governmental positions others." for such a time as this. You have been able to Mrs. York's most recent appointment has I effect changes for so many people in areas been to Harvard Alumni Board School of that would have taken months and even years Public Health. The mayor of Huntsville has to achieve with legislation." asked her to serve on the Task Force on Social I When asked what motivates her to keep Service for the year 2000. pushing to the top in international affairs, As an international consultant, she travels I Alma replied, "It began at home with family to Europe, Africa and Central America in the discussions about world affairs. Our interest of women's and children's health, and philosophy was when you serve humanity, conducts programs for Women in Develop- I you are serving God. Our parents taught us ment (entrepreneurship). that we are somebody, and all men are equal." Mrs. York is currently director of inter- "What is it that motivates you to stay at national/government affairs at Oakwood I Oakwood?" she was asked. "I love students," College. She has one daughter, a graduate of she replied. "Many are deserving. God has Oakwood College. I given me so much, and I owe so much. I have I 1 1 I I I

Sources: Personal interview-1988-1989. Biographical sketch—Submitted 1988-1989. I 260 I I I_

Health/Nutrition Skiffs Inventory for Student Activities

Activity Skills

K-2 Coloring Developing eye-hand development Creative activity Developing classification skills

3-6 Word challenge Reinforcing vocabulary development Dial-a-word code Reinforcing vocabulary development Matching columns Using historical details

7-9 Acronyms Using vocabulary development Crossword puzzle Reinforcing vocabulary skills

9-12 Vocabulary building Reinforcing vocabulary development Creative activity Identifying and classifying skills

/ I 261 I Health/Nutrition Student Activity Sheet

Name Date I Dr. Benjamin Carson, Neurosurgeon

Directions: Color Dr. Carson in his neurosurgeon's surgical attire.

H/N I

262 I Health/Nutrition Student Activity Sheet III Name Date ii Creative Activity

II Directions: Look through some magazines and cut out six foods that are good for you. Paste them on a sheet of paper and below the 111 picture tell what it is.

H/N 263 I Health/Nutrition Student Activity Sheet

Name Date

Word Challenge

Directions: See how many words you can make from the word PEDIATRIC. Then try your skill with the word NEUROSURGEON. From which of the two words were you able to make the most? Remember--no proper names or foreign words. You may use plurals if you have not used the same words as a singular. Use each letter only once.

PEDIATRIC NEUROSURGEON

H/N nr

264 II I Health/Nutrition Student Activity Sheet I Name Date U Dial-A-Word Code 111 Directions: The telephone dial is the key to this coded word game. The numbers in the clues below represent the numbers on the dial. II Each number gives you a choice of 3 letters. Sometimes more than one word can be made from the given number combination. For example, 786 can make RUN or SUN. U The words below are related to careers. Write a code for any 10 words from this list. Exchange with a friend and see if he or she can 111 solve your coded word.

111

I Career Word Bank work money I school nurse future mission boys people girls library control talent teacher class doctor think student career God study food I nutritionist dietician dairy natural weight health vitamins

I H/N** 265 I Health/Nutrition Student Activity Sheet

Name Date

Matching Columns

Directions: Match the person on the left with the phrase on the right.

Lottie Blake A. Nutrition columnist, MESSAGE magazine Naomi Bullard B. Opened first clinic south Los Angeles, first Benjamin Carson Black MD, LLU Carl Dent C. Dietitian and author of Eating for Health Harry Ford D. First Black SDA physician Thelma B. Harris E. Established school of nursing in Rwanda 7. Marvene Jones F. Operated 4 departments at Hinsdale Ruth Stafford Hospital at one time Ruth Temple G. International health consultant Alma Foggo York H. First interim nursing program for Riverside Samuel & Bernice Hospital DeShay I. First Black doctor to practice at Los Angeles County Hospital Medical duo missionaries to East Africa Separated Siamese twins at the head

H/N ** 266 Health/Nutrition Student Activity Sheet

Name Date

Acronyms Directions: Dr. Benjamin Carson challenged the students with the acronym THINK BI G. See how many new words you can add to those he uses by putting your words on the same line.

Talent -

Hope -

Insight -

Nice -

Knowledge -

Books -

In-depth learning -

God-

H/N ***

267 Health/Nutrition Student Activity Sheet U Name Date • Ruth Temple

Directions: Complete each statement with the correct word taken from the story of Ruth Temple, MD. Then put the words on the crossword puzzle by the corresponding number. Across Ruth's family moved to She always kept soup on the stove for the Her father's doctor of divinity degree made him a Dr. Temple diagnosed a very sick baby with Mrs. Jennie gave Ruth's family Bible readings. Dr. Temple treated various (s). The baby's mother refused care for the sick child. Ruth's mother was a

Down

Dr. Temple was Chief Officer of Los Angeles for over 20 years. She opened the first in south Los Angeles. The Dr. Ruth Temple Health Center was named in her , 1983. Her parents left (abbr.) to be missionaries in the South. There was no motor in the South at that time. A baby died because the mother was of health care. Opposite of peace:

H/N *** 268 Health/Nutrition Student Activity Sheet Name Date Ruth Temple Crossword Puzzle Directions: Use the words from the completion statements about Ruth Temple to complete the crossword puzzle acrostic with her name.

II 111 libillingl 1R 1111111 IIII U ME

9 . • 4 11111.1111111M1 111 • ME III el • III 6 P 111111.11111. 1111111111111111111111 1111111E111111111111 III •

269 I Health/Nutrition ■ Student Activity Sheet I Name Date Vocabulary Building I Directions: The list of words below has been taken from the story of Dr. Benjamin Carson. Write your own definitions, then exchange your I paper with a classmate to see how accurate you were. I delicate — neurosurgeon — I career- discipline — I infringe- I temper- Proverb- ■ reflected — obviously — I inspiration- I racism — marketable- belief- mysterious- restoration- atheist- I insight- I talent- Siamese twins — I inner city -

H/N *** I 270 I

■ ilealth/Nutrition Student Activity Sheet I Name Date I Be a Brain Specialist IDirections: Dr. Benjamin Carson is a brain surgeon. Pretend that you are an aspiring doctor. See if you can identify the three main Iareas of the brain: cerebrum, cerebellum, and the medulla.

I Label each part of the brain as indicated by the lines. I Fill in the blank with the correct word.

The is located at the lower back of the head. Without this part of the brain, you would not be able to walk, run, write or play ball.

The controls the activities of the internal organs including breathing, heart action and movements of the digestive system. 111 The controls many thought processes including memory and 111 learning and many of the voluntary movements. It is divided into two halves—each controls the opposite side of the body. I H/N **** 271 I I Communication8 I

Preface I I I I or years, the ministry, world. Bible instructing and Later on, other fields were teaching were the opened, including the field of I only professions a communication. Com- Black boy or girl could munication covers a variety I consider in terms of getting a of fields for it is the college education and transmitting or exchanging of preparing to work in God's message and information. I vineyard. There were many Black conferences were who didn't want to pursue organized and a department these vocations. of communication was added. I Mrs. White states that Oakwood College developed "helping students develop a radio program playing only I symmetrical characters for religious music and discus- the present and future worlds sing religious topics.Oak- is a prime objective." With wood College now offers to I these words of inspiration their students a bachelor of from Mrs. White, Black boys arts degree in communica- I and girls prepared themselves tion. Students may also re- to spread the gospel to the ceive a minor in this area. I I I I I 272 / I \ I Carlo8 C. Medley _journalist

any of the contributors to African- for the United American Seventh-day Adventist Press Inter- gtf history have had successful careers national. While in the "real world." They were paid working in well in those positions and often had oppor- South Bend, tunities for advancement. Yet many left their Indiana, he "real world" jobs to use their talents to ad- placed the vance the work of the Church. Breath of Life One such person is Carlos Medley, who telecast on the air for four consecutive years. began working as an accountant and auditor, He was also successful in bringing the telecast and who is now the news editor for the to the Ionia State Prison, Ionia, Michigan. ADVENTIST REVIEW. Carlos is now news editor for the ADVEN- Carlos was born in Philadelphia, Penn- TIST REVIEW, the weekly news and inspira- sylvania, and graduated from Temple Uni- tion magazine for Seventh-day Adventists. versity in Philadelphia in May, 1970. He later While he deals mainly with Church news attended Andrews University, Berrien Springs, around the world, he frequently writes edi- Michigan, graduating in 1978. torials. From them, one learns what kind of Carlos worked as an accountant and auditor person he is. He frequently expresses his for Philco Ford, First Pennsylvania Bank and religious convictions and commitment to God. the Opportunities Industrialization Center His June 29, 1989, editorial says, "our tightly from 1970 to 1975. He began his media packed schedules are filled with a million- career in broadcasting. After serving as and-one things to do," but "if we will take the creator and producer of the New Experience time to establish a clear connection with radio broadcast, syndicated by Armed Forces Christ, He will gladly reach out and touch our Radio, he created and produced the Circle of lives with His love, His joy, His peace, and Love radio program from 1975 to 1976. It His character." was syndicated by the Adventist Radio Carlos has other talents as well. He has Network. He was also 4-H program assistant appeared in numerous sacred concerts as a for Berrien County, Michigan, 1977 to 1979. keyboard artist. After several years in broadcasting, Carlos He married Denise Elizabeth Krigger of St. became a staff writer for the South Bend Croix, Virgin Islands, on August 14, 1977, TRIBUNE in 1980 and later a correspondent and they have one daughter, Deidre Elyse. *

Source: I • ADVENTIST REVIEW, June 29, 1989. \ /

/ I \ 273 I O. E. Tottre88 I Radio Evangelist • f a Bible could speak, what would it say? has always been I I That's kind of a scary thought for some active in com- of us. Would it tell us to study harder? munity affairs. Would it tell us to be nicer to people? I In 1977, he was Or would it simply tell us to keep right on made an loving God? It's hard to tell since we know honorary I our Bible doesn't speak to us verbally, right? member of the But it still conveys a message, and since 1963 Lt. Governor's through his "Your Bible Speaks" radio staff in Alabama. I program, Dr. R. E. Tottress has been helping Elder Tottress has accumulated a number us hear what our Bible has to say. of educational degrees. He has a bachelor of I Born on a farm in Newby, Oklahoma, arts degree in theology from Pacific Union Elder Tottress comes from a large and deeply College in Angwin, California; a BA in religious family. He is the eldest of a dozen psychology/counseling from Oakwood I brothers and six sisters. His father was a College; and a masters and Ph.D. from the Baptist minister, mother a devout church University of Beverly Hills, California. Other I worker, and three brothers are preachers. post-graduate studies include: Home Study Elder Tottress has spent more than 25 Institute, Washington, DC; A & M University, years in religious broadcasting. Thousands Huntsville, Alabama; and Andrews I have been reached through his Your Bible University, Berrien Springs, Michigan. Speaks program over local stations, one which Elder Tottress belongs to the International began airing the program in 1963. He Biographical Association, the American • received an award presented by the Depart- Biographical Institute, and Adventist ment of Communication and Ministerial Asso- Historians Association. He is listed in Who's 1 ciation of the General Conference during the Who in Alabama, Outstanding Secondary Oxnard, California, Broadcasters Council. Educators of America, Who's Who in Broadcasting hasn't taken all of Elder Community Service, Who's Who in the South I Tottress' time, however. He is an active and Southwest, Personalities of the South retired minister of the gospel and an authori- International, Who's Who among Black I tative scholar in the study of Daniel and Americans, Notable Americans of the Revelation. Along with his work in broad- Bicentennial Era, IBA Yearbook and casting, he has authored several books. He is Biographical Directory, Personalities of I a former professor of Oakwood College and America, and others. Source: I I • Biographical Sketch — submitted 1988-1989. \ / I / I \ 274 I ■ Owen A. Troy, Jr.

NAD Director of Communication

I veryone communicates in some form and Owen Troy, or another. We talk to people--verbal II. Elder Troy I communication; or we give them a smile--non-verbal communication. pastored in the The art of communication has three basic Northern Cali- I elements: the sender, receiver and the fornia Con- medium of the message. When you talk to ference and your friends after school, you are a sender of a served as de- I message. The medium of the message, or how partmental secretary and pastor in the you communicate the message to your friends, Northeastern Conference from 1957-64. He I is your voice. If you wrote a note to them, then served as treasurer of the Ghana Mission you would still be considered the sender and in Kumasi Ghana, West Africa, from 1964-66. the medium of the message would be the When he returned to the United States, he I paper. Your friends would be receivers until once again became a pastor--this time in the they responded to what you said--then they Northeastern Conference in St. Albans, New York. After leaving the Northeastern Con- I would be the senders. It may sound complicated, but you do it every day. ference, Elder Troy went to the South To receive information about the Caribbean Conference in the Port of Spain, Seventh-day Adventist Church and the Trinidad, West Indies, where he served as a activities surrounding it, the General pastor and departmental secretary from Conference appoints "senders," or 1971-77. I communication directors, to use a medium to In 1979, he became assistant to the get a message to you, the receiver. One such president of the Southeastern California sender is Owen Austin Troy, Jr. Conference. Elder Troy is presently both the Elder Troy was born in Los Angeles, director of communication for the North California, on June 19, 1927. He attended American Division of the General Conference, I Pacific Union College, Angwin, California, Washington, DC, and the associate director of where he graduated in 1949 with a bachelor of communication for the General Conference. I arts degree. He then received a master of arts Elder Troy works frequently with the degree in 1976 from Andrews University in Adventist Media Center in California on Berrien Springs, Michigan. Elder Troy is various projects. He is currently involved I married to the former Ann Estell Minors of with the United Marketing Task Force Bermuda, and has two children: Carmelita working to develop ways to communicate the I

I 275 I I I church to the public and prepare ground work stations to receive 18-24 hours of Christian for other church programs. He also began a broadcast programming. I newsletter for the members of the North As you can see, it becomes increasingly American staff. difficult to communicate with a large number Elder Troy has several projects involving of people in many different areas of the world. I satellite communications. One project is the It takes satellites, newsletters and other mass Adventist Satellite Communications Network, media. So, the next time you're talking with I which would transmit a variety of television your friends after school, think about how programs to churches with down-links. The hard it would be to communicate your down-links make it possible for the churches message to hundreds of people in another I to receive the television signals from the state. Then think about Elder Owen Troy, satellite network. Another satellite project is who is making that kind of communication I Star Net, which would allow local radio possible.

I Sources: Biographical Sketch — submitted 1988-1989. Interview — 1988-1989. I

I 276 I I I DeWitt 8. William8

I Lecturer/Writer/Administrator

I cientists say that eating right and International exercising regularly can actually Commission for I increase our life span. That may not the Prevention seem important now, but decades from of Alcohol and now, most of us will welcome the extra years. Drug Depen- I Our health is important and thanks to health dency (ICPA), and temperance workers like DeWitt organizing na- Williams, we can obtain guidance in leading a tional chapters I healthy life. to fight against drugs. DeWitt Staton Williams was born in Spending time overseas makes knowing I Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, August 21,1939. foreign languages extremely helpful. In West He is a 1962 graduate of Oakwood College, Africa, the television station interviewed Huntsville, Alabama, and was ordained a DeWitt in French--and he understood every I Seventh-day Adventist minister, in Oklahoma word. DeWitt speaks three languages: City, Oklahoma, in 1967. French, Swahili and Langana. He works hard I DeWitt joined the Health/Temperance to stay fluent in French. He occasionally Department of the General Conference in preaches at a French church, and prays and 1983. While he lectures and writes articles studies his Sabbath school lesson in French as I about the importance of good health, his main well. emphasis is on temperance. Armed with his Before his appointment with the Health/ knowledge obtained through many classes, he Temperance Department of the General I talks to young people about the dangers of Conference of Seventh-day Adventists in drugs. Washington, DC, in 1983, DeWitt held I DeWitt is involved with several positions such as pastor in the Southwest organizations. In 1985 he was asked to be the Region Conference, Oklahoma City, executive director of Narcotics Education Oklahoma; departmental secretary for the 1 Incorporated (NEI), a non-profit organization Zaire Union of SDA; and assistant and which publishes THE WINNER and LISTEN associate director of the General Conference I magazines, for grades 4-6 and 7-12, Department of Communication. respectively. The magazines are well thought From 1979-82, he served as president of of, and NEI recently received a couple of the Central African Union, Bujumbura, I government grants. DeWitt also travels Burundi, Africa. DeWitt says he is one of the overseas as the assistant to the director of the two first Black Americans to serve as presi- I \ 1 / I 277 I dent of an overseas union. the first Black woman to earn a Ph.D. degree. While working in the GC Communication Despite his busy work schedule, DeWitt still I department, DeWitt conducted minority finds time to stay fit. He is an avid jogger, writing seminars and at those seminars he and a few years ago, he ran in several I challenged people to write a book. One day marathons. someone asked him if he had ever written a DeWitt is married to the former Margaret book. DeWitt hadn't, and decided then to Norman of Dallas, Texas, and has two start one. His book, titled She Fulfilled the daughters, Deitrice, a second-year medical Impossible Dream, told the story of Dr. Eva B. student at Loma Linda University, Loma Dykes, a teacher for which DeWitt once Linda, California; and Darnella, a third-year I worked. He wrote about Dr. Dykes because Oakwood College student. of her many accomplishments, such as being I

I Source: Biographical Sketch — submitted 1988-1989.

278 I I Brenda Wood I 'Pt, _Anchorwoman

I s the primary television news anchor at journalistic and the CBS Affiliate WAGA-TV in community I Atlanta, Georgia, Brenda Wood is seen work, including by thousands of viewers every the prestigious weeknight from 5 to 6:30 p.m., and again at Gabriel Award I 11 p.m. She not only presents the news, but of Merit for she also reports the news as a general writing, produc- I assignment reporter. In addition, Brenda ing and narrat- frequently produces, writes and reports special ing a prime time hour documentary on the series' projects. American debut of the Ramses the Great I Twelve years in broadcast news, Brenda Egyptian exhibition. began her career in television in Huntsville, Brenda joined WAGA-TV 5 EYE- Alabama, after graduating summa cum laude WITNESS NEWS in August, 1988, with more I in 1977 from Loma Linda University in than a decade of success as a television Riverside, California. Hired as a general journalist, including eight years of anchoring I assignment reporter, she was quickly given the the top-rated newscast on WMC-TV in morning news anchor position and made Memphis. producer and host of a 30-minute talk show. Even before joining WAGA-TV, Brenda I A year later, Brenda was promoted to prime was no stranger to covering news in Atlanta. time anchor of the 6 and 10 p.m. newscasts. In early 1988 she interviewed Mayor Andrew I In another year's time, she was hired to anchor Young and County Commissioner Martin the weeknight newscasts at the NBC television Luther King III for a two-hour live special station in Memphis, WMC-TV, where she commemorating the 20th anniversary of Dr. I became the top-rated anchor in the city Martin Luther King Jr.'s assassination in throughout her eight-year tenure. Memphis. She also reported on the Atlanta I Now anchoring in one of the nation's child murders for WMC-TV, the only major television news markets, Brenda Memphis station that traveled to Atlanta to negotiated with station managers for a cover the story. I schedule that allows her time to keep the From 1985-87 Brenda reported on the Sabbath. In an industry that covers news 7 discovery of a multi-ton statue in Egypt by the days-a-week, 24 hours-a-day, consideration mayor of Memphis. Her follow-up work I for the Sabbath was a major concession. included an interview with the widow of Brenda has received several awards for her Egyptian leader Anwar Sadat. I \ 1 / I 279 I / I \ While reporting and anchoring in Hunts- Memphis. She was also named one of the I ville, Alabama, Brenda hosted a face-to-face Outstanding Young Women in America in confrontation between representatives of the 1978, 1980 and 1986. Ku Klux Klan and the Southern Christian WAGA-TV is the CBS affiliate for I Leadership Conference. That program was Atlanta, which ranks as the nation's 12th later featured nationally on ABC's 20/20. largest television market. The station's signal I Committed to her career as a journalist, reaches more than 5.9 million viewers in its Brenda is also committed to a rich family life. 100-plus county area of Georgia. WAGA-TV She is a wife and mother of two daughters. is Gillett Communications of Atlanta, Inc., a I Brenda has been honored by Memphis State subsidiary of SCI Television, Inc. University and LeMoyne Owen College in

Sources: Biographical Sketch — submitted 1988-1989. Communications Department, WAGA-TV 5, Atlanta, Georgia.

280

I Communication

I Skiffs Inventory for Student Activities Activity Skill

K-2 Creative activity Developing creativity and imaginative thinking Crossword puzzle Reinforcing vocabulary development

3-6 Word scramble Reinforcing vocabulary words though details Geometry puzzle Developing spelling skills

7-9 Geometry puzzle Developing spelling skills ■ Matching information Developing vocabulary meanings Word scramble Reinforcing word recognition

■ 9-12 Matching information Developing vocabulary meanings I Word search Reinforcing word recognition Creative writing Reinforcing oral and written communication skills

■ 281

Communication Student Activity Sheet

Name Date

Creative Activity

Directions: Draw a picture of a satellite circling the earth. Then write one or two messages you would like the satellite to tell the people on earth.

282 I Communication ■ Student Activity Sheet Name Date Crossword Puzzle

Across Down Carlos' last name Another word for knowledge or What God breathed into man skill Carlos' wife's name Another name for minister Opposite of death Telecast to this place I Another name for round Place where newspaper The main part of the piano is printed CM** 283

Communication Student Activity Sheet

Name Date DeWitt Williams Word Scramble Directions: Unscramble the letter to discover the answers. DeWitt Williams' place of birth 1. VISYNPNANAEL

He is a of 2. TUDARGAE Oakwood College

Dewitt's wife's name 3. MNMROAETRGANAR

What was She Fulfilled the 4. OKOB Impossible Dream?

He speaks several fluently 5. GUSALENGA

What is ? 6. IHAISIW

What is 7. HCRFEN

What is ? 8. AGLIALN

Assistant director, 9. NCMIATONCMIUO department

Who wrote the story of Eva B. 10. STIWDETWALIMLI Dykes?

284 Communication Student Activity Sheet Name Date Geometry Puzzle Directions: The geometric figures found in the code sentence are the same as in the box above. Each set of figures represents a word. The position of the dots indicates which letter to use. Write the message below.

MESSAGE

CM *** 285

Communication Student Activity Sheet Name Date Matching

Column A Column B 1. Book To be the main reporter on a news 2. Radio broadcast 3. Telephone A printed work on sheets of paper 4. Words bound together 5. Telegraph A written or printed message, usually 6. Talking sent by mail 7. Writing A regular publication usually daily or 8. Letter weekly 9. Newspaper Published at regular intervals, as 10. Satellite weekly, etc. 11. Periodicals Transmission of sounds or signals by 12. Anchorwoman electromagnetic waves through space A man-made object put into orbit around the earth, moon, etc. To put ideas into words An instrument or system for conveying speech over distances by converting sound into electric impulses An apparatus or system that transmits messages by electric impulses sent by wire or radio A speech sound having meaning as a unit of language To form words or letters on a surface as with a pen

CM *

286 Communication Student Activity Sheet

Name Date Word Search

Directions: Look for the following words in the puzzle below. The words go up, down, backwards and sideways. Circle the words as you find them.

TSUWR IT ING 0 L S Book NEV RAMHSUO M A L Radio EFL ETT ERF L E M A 3. Telephone WOSEWAT EEU Q I C 4. Words SNUAPL CANG E L I 5. Telegraph PAPLEHTEV I T A D 6. Talking ACNOMWORDS 0 M 0 7. Writing PL ICIYLNMI A F I 8. Letter EA I I HHCCEE A R F 9. Satellite R IEXCOE PT I N A E 10. Periodicals GRGREARTRU E L P 11. Newspaper OBMOT J B WC V E S T 12. Anchorwoman RCHGAEJ NO R P W 0 ADBHL QL UCM V N R DF I J KHCECN A I P I H C T I A M C G B D N F OSUBNMPQSR T U W TAOMGTSAEF A V Z MOE RYRWEAB L P E KSATEL L ITE T I H

Cm*190".?*

287 Communication Student Activity Sheet

Name Date Creative Writing

Directions: Interview a classmate and write a one-page profile about his/her life. Include facts, but try to convey the person's character and personality. Let the person you interviewed read it and maybe you can share it with the class.

288

I ■ V 01111111111= 1 Ilu 8 i c I IlaMICAMI MONO= • LNIIV F MI p I■ Preface

I usic, as a form of worship, to endure the pain and humiliation to can be traced to the creation which they were subjected. of the world. The Lord told Gospels and spirituals which are a part of today's worship in the Black Job that when the founda- tions of the earth were laid, "the church are modern versions of the • morning stars sang together, and all slave songs. They too give hope to the sons of God shouted for joy" (Job those who are without hope, they bring 38:6,7). Down the long corridors of joy to those who are sorrowful, and I time, music has continued to be an they inspire souls to seek God. Most integral part of worship. It inspires, of all, through these spiritual songs, I soothes, comforts, and cheers Blacks give expression to their inner mankind, and it lifts the souls of men feelings. Remove these songs and you bringing them into harmony with their remove their "soul." I Creator. The Black Seventh-day Adventist African Americans have a rich Church is abundantly blessed with • musical heritage which takes them much musical talent. Through the back to the tribal African villages years, composers, arrangers, writers, where the sound of the tom-tom and performers within the church have summoned them to their many made outstanding musical contri- assemblies. On the slave plantations in butions to the worship services. Many America during the 17th, 18th, and recording artists, such as Marshall 19th centuries, music was a vital and Kelly have contributed to the high necessary part of survival for the standard of music in the SDA Church I thousands of Africans held in the and continue to inspire through their bondage of slavery. Their work songs, recordings. It is to these dedicated sorrant songs, and spirituals conveyed musicians that this section is devoted. I messages of hope which enabled them -A- I • I • 289 ,._:YID II .111.= Walter E. Artie, III AN. \WMI=IiIIM, Vocalist/1'V Director

s a young boy growing up in the direction, enviornment of 123rd street in the guidance and Amidst of Harlem, New York, many time they gave wouldn't have dreamed that Walter him while at Arties would become a director, producer, Pine Forge. singer, and Christian. Walter has seen the In his music, Lord working, guiding and directing in his Walter ex- life, and would like every youth to know that presses the love "God has a design, plan and purpose for your of Jesus in his own inimitable style and life as well." portrays the quiet strength of the Holy Spirit Walter E. Arties, III, was born to Elder with warmth and charm. He combines his and Mrs. Walter E. Arties II on November 12, musical artistry with a deep spiritual 1941, in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. A product sensitivity. As a recording artist, his albums of Christian education, he attended church include: "Peace," "I'm Gonna Sing," "Softly school throughout his elementary years and and Tenderly," "Almost Over" and "Gentle later attended high school at Pine Forge Exhortations" (Winner of a Religion In Media Academy in Pennsylvania. At first Walter [RIM] Award for 1982-83). dreamed of pursuing a career in physical Walter's tenor voice has been used in therapy, but over the years his interest in God's service for Campus Crusade for Christ, music, communication and television Youth for Christ, Lutheran Youth Alive, the production developed. Evangelical Welfare Association, the His singing talent began to develop while Salvation Army, Expo '72, in numerous attending Pine Forge Academy. No one could workshops and in the Cotton Bowl. He has anticipate during his academy years to what also appeared in many crusades with Elder extent his career in music would develop. Charles D. Brooks, Billy Graham and his Walter sang in the various campus musical associate Dr. Ralph Bell. At the invitation of groups and the academy concert choir. Two the Billy Graham Association, he has toured of his music teachers, Charles Jones and Sweden, Finland, India and the West Indies. Harold Anthony, recognized his superior For 10 years Walter was the director/ talent and encouraged him to pursue a musical arranger for the Walter Arties Chorale, a career. Walter is grateful to them for the musical group composed of young adults in important role they played in helping him lay the Los Angeles area. The group became well a foundation in the area of music, and for the known on the West Coast through their many

\n/

/ I \ 290 established as another church. I public appearances and concerts. Their albums also provided them with wide exposure An ordained Seventh-day Adventist across the country. minister, Walter is married to the former I In 1973, while director of public affairs at Beverly DeShay and lives in Thousand Oaks, the radio and television station KHOF in California. Along with his many concert Glendale, California, Walter established the appearances, Walter is currently director and I Breath of Life telecast--the only television coordinator of production/ ministry for the broadcast sponsored and supported by the Breath of Life telecast and assistant to the Seventh-day Adventist Church targeted to president in the development of new programs evangelize the millions of Black Americans. for the Adventist Media Center in Newbury The program is presently viewed across the Park, California. In endeavoring to make I United States, Bermuda and parts of the West non-Adventists aware of Adventism, Walter is Indies. Thousands of people have been in the process of helping to develop a series of 30- and 60-second image spot commercials on baptized through Breath of Life crusades resulting in the organization of six churches in television for the general public. California, Florida, Kansas, Maryland, New To youth he once again emphasizes, "God I York and Tennessee. More recently, 525 has a definite design, plan and purpose for individuals were baptized in Barbados, West your life." The possibilities are unlimited. Indies, credited to the work of the Breath of Walter counts it a privilege to use his talents I Life ministry. This group of believers will be to serve and give praise to the Lord.

I Sources: An excerpt from an autobiographical sketch of Walter Arties. Telephone interview, June 7-8, 1989, Huntsville, Alabama.

291 I

F FOSIMMIll111 Alma M. Blackmon I l•IMM IMO an Ilat !M!. International- Music Educator

s an outstanding educator and mus- entrusted their I ician, Alma M. Blackmon has made a little one's to Alasting impact on her students, her care and she colleagues and the Seventh-day couldn't let Adventist Church. them down. On a summer day, July 25, 1921, in the Alma also I nation's capital, Washington, DC, Alma was taught and born to James and Martha Montgomery. At an trained other early age, music became a part of Alma's life. early childhood teachers at her alma mater, She obtained her education, elementary Washington, DC, Teachers College, as well as through graduate school, in the school system Howard University and Bowie State College I and institutions of Washington, DC. She in nearby Maryland. graduated from Dunbar High School as an Music has been a vital part of her life since honor student and pursued a bachelor and early childhood. The piano has been a medium I master of arts degree in kindergarten-primary to provide music to all age groups on not just a education and early childhood education from professional basis, but a social and enter- Washington, DC, Teachers College. taining one as well. She has taught instru- I A long career as an educator began in 1942 mental and vocal to many music students. at the Payne Elementary School where she For 12 years, Alma served as accompanist taught for 19 years. An important milestone to Warner Lawson, dean of Howard Univer- in Alma's life occurred in 1960 when she was sity School of Music and conductor of the awarded the Eugene and Agnes Meyer Travel Washington Community Chorale. She has I Fellowship enabling her to conduct a com- given musical performances before two United States presidents--Harry S. Truman parative study of pre-school and kindergarten I programs in Norway, Sweden, Holland and and Richard M. Nixon. Her home church-- Germany. Dupont Park SDA Church in Washington, Her love for children led her to serve as DC--utilized her expertise as minister of music I kindergarten demonstration teacher, director for 18 years. A youthful musical group, "The of project Head Start and later kindergarten Voices of Praise," composed of Adventist I supervisor for the Washington, DC, public youth in the Washington, DC, area, captivated schools. In all of her positions she was audiences with their gospel music for many determined to make her kindergarten and years. I pre-school program the best! Parents had In 1973, Alma joined the faculty at I

I / I \ 292 I Oakwood College in Huntsville, Alabama, Alma has no doubt influenced choral music where she developed and conducted the in the Adventist Church. She has served as famous Aeolians for 12 years. The Aeolians' associate choral director at four General I fame is attributed to her enthusiasm and Conference sessions and has been a member constant demand for excellence. Whether it is of two music committees for the church: the an anthem, hymn or Negro spiritual, the General Conference Music Committee and the Aeolians interpreted and delivered messages Review and Herald Hymnal Committee that in song that inspired and directed minds developed and compiled the new Seventh-day I heavenward. Adventist Hymnal. Four of her arrangements, Aeolians' rehearsals were always serious. "Lord Make Us More Holy," "Rise Up I Students who survived an Aeolian audition Shepherd and Follow," "Give Me Jesus" and were worthy to be called an "Aeolian"! The "This Little Light of Mine," appear in the new Aeolians toured extensively across the hymnal. continental United States as true ambassadors Now retired, Alma Blackmon lives in At- for Oakwood. On several occasions, the lanta, Georgia, where she serves as minister of Aeolians were invited to perform abroad as music for the Berean SDA Church. She I Friendship Ambassadors to Moscow, enjoys spending time with her grandchildren. Romania, the Netherlands, England, Scotland She looks back upon a lifetime of service in I and Wales. Other countries that provided the early childhood education, music education, Aeolians the opportunity to share their gifted and musical performance both in the public musical voices have been Canada, Bermuda, sector and the Seventh-day Adventist Church. I the Bahamas and the Virgin Islands. I U I I I I I Source: I An excerpt taken from an autobiographical sketch of Alma M.Blackmon. I 293

MEW I 40.11WAYMIMIN Inez L booth I es! Music Professor

he never had a desire to become a ashamed of deputy sheriff. She wanted to be a what he had S missionary in Africa or another foreign done. He re- country where she could help win souls sponded by to Christ, but she never had the opportunity. slapping her But while a music teacher at Oakwood across the face. I College, Inez L. Booth faithfully visited the Inez's first Huntsville county jail each week for 36 years response was bringing the ministry of music to the inmates retaliation. She put her books down and ran I and winning souls for Christ. She eventually after him. All was in vain, for the boy out-ran earned the name "Deputy Sheriff." her. A few years later, she learned that the ■ Inez was born in Mobile, Alabama, on July boy had drowned in a bathtub. Inez felt 26, 1913. Her family later moved to Santa ashamed of herself for attempting to get even Barbara, California, when she was about with the boy. She felt that she should have I seven or eight years old. Practicing and just prayed for him since kindness was one of playing the piano was a part of her early her goals in life. childhood years. Her mother encouraged her After graduating from high school, Inez I to practice every day at 6:30 a.m. planned to enroll at Howard University in As a child, Inez played the role of the Washington, DC, although she didn't want to music teacher--a prelude to what would one attend college so far from home. Because day become her profession. She assumed the Washington, DC, was on the East Coast, this role of teaching songs to other children on her meant that she probably would only be able to own age level,while she also emphasized visit her home once a year. A Seventh-day self-esteem and self-respect. Years later she Adventist lady, Alice Jones, spoke to Inez would become a professional music teacher about enrolling in the Adventist college in emphasizing these same qualities as she Angwin, California--Pacific Union College instructed her students. (PUC). She and her family were very strict Inez recalls many incidents during her African Methodist Episcopalians (AME). Inez childhood that contributed to her success in liked the idea of attending college closer to life. As a young child, she always wanted her home, but her father had to be convinced of playmates to be kind to one another. One day sending her to a Seventh-dayAdventist school. she recalls a Chinese boy physically attacking Elder Paul Bontemps and Elder P.G. Rogers, a little girl. She asked the boy if he was two black SDA ministers from Los Angeles,

/ I \ 294 visited with the Booth family and were able to Oakwood College in Huntsville, Alabama, convince Inez's father that PUC was a good was on tour for the college when he met Inez. school. After further investigation, Inez was She hadn't applied for a position at Oakwood I permitted to enroll at PUC the following but did accept his invitation to join the school term. Inez was determined that she teaching staff at the elementary school. I would not be influenced by the Adventist During that first year, she also served as acting teachings and beliefs. She wanted to remain dean of women. She later began teaching in true to the beliefs of her family which were the music department of the college. Inez left I rooted in the AME faith. Oakwood to complete her master's degree in At age 19 while a student at PUC, Inez was music education at Columbia University. She anxious to obey the Lord. She asked Him to then returned to Oakwood where she taught I show her if Saturday is really the Sabbath. In a for a total of 46 years. Inez served as dream one Friday night, God did reveal to her instructor, professor of music and later I that Saturday is the Sabbath. The next day chairman of the music department. being Sabbath, Inez took her stand and was She has received several awards for her later baptized into the Seventh-day Adventist commitment to Christian education and her I Church. involvement in the local community as well. Upon completing her bachelor's degree in Inez was married to the late Albert S. Booth. I music education, she began working in San They had two daughters--Iris and Letitia. She Francisco where she stayed for two years. She never had the opportunity to go to Africa, but applied to several schools for a teaching she did have the opportunity to win souls for I position. Elder J. L. Moran, president of Christ.

Sources: Telephone interview, June 13, 1989, Huntsville, Alabama. An excerpt from an autobiographical sketch of Inez Lang Booth. I 295 I I

II ft ..., F FMNIFIIMIEM IN Allen W. fo8ter F ..ULIM GM A.. I 104./MIIIM!. Hymn Writer I

he next time you pick up the hymnal "Messiah" has I during a church service, you might captivated T want to look for his name. You'll audiences and find it more than once, for Allen brought tears to I Foster has arranged four of the hymns: "Jesus their eyes. Walked This Lonesome Valley," "I Lay My Many travel I Sins on Jesus," "This Is the Threefold Truth," long distances and "0 Solemn Thought." to attend this yearly musical rendition. Born January 1, 1940, in Camden, New For eight years, Allen and Gwendolyn have I Jersey, Allen William Foster began formal also worked with the students at Pine Forge piano study as a child. He developed a keen Academy as concert choir director. This choir I interest in the organ and church music. Allen has traveled extensively across North America attended the public school system in Camden. and built a good reputation in choral music. He completed undergraduate and graduate Allen believes in sharing his talents with I degrees at Temple University in Philadelphia, everyone, assisting wherever and whenever he Pennsylvania, and Rutgers University in New can. Through the years he has freely given his Brunswick, New Jersey. He continued talents to evangelism, working with E. E. I studying piano at Philadelphia Conservatory Cleveland, L. R. Palmer, and C. D. Brooks as of Music and with private instructors. well as General Conference President Neal C. I For several years Allen worked for the Wilson in the 1,000 Days of Reaping crusade Philadelphia school district as the coordinator in Manila, Philippines. In 1985, he served on of Social Services for the Early Childhood the committee that developed the new I Division. At this time, he was organist, mini- Seventh-day Adventist Hymnal. ster of music, and church elder at the Ebenezer His music activities include composing, I Seventh-day Adventist church in Philadelphia. arranging and concertizing. Several of his He also accompanied the church choir, which sacred compositions have been recorded by his wife, Gwendolyn, directed. On Sundays, well-known choirs and artists, including the I he played for a Baptist church in Philadelphia. Ebenezer Seventh-day Adventist church choir When one thinks of music in Philadelphia, and the Pine Forge Academy concert choir. I one cannot help but think of the husband-and- Allen, Gwendolyn and their three children wife team Allen and Gwendolyn Foster. Their live in Williamstown, New Jersey. He is a annual Christmas presentation of Handel's Philadelphia public school administrator. * I Sources: An excerpt from an autobiographical sketch of Allen William Foster. 1 Seventh-day Adventist Church Hymnal, 1985, Review & Herald Publishing Association. I \ /

I I 296 I I I Shelton E. Icilby, III I Minister of Music

I verybody has God-given talents, and it picture studios. is those talents that make it possible As a film com- I Efor each of us to achieve a degree of poser and arran- success. Dedicating these talents to ger, Shelton has God assures even greater success, and been able to I that's what Shelton E. Kilby III did. score various "When we dedicate our talents to the Lord," themes and 1 Kilby says, "He makes Himself responsible sound tracks for video and films. One of the for our success." films, "Harvest," a religious drama that was Music director, singer, film composer, produced by Faith for Today, won the I arranger and pastor are just a few Shelton's Religion in Media (RIM) Award for 1981. In accomplishments. In 1975, the Breath of Life 1987, an NBC affiliate station commissioned television ministry in Thousand Oaks, him to score the documentary special "Ram- I California, appointed Shelton as music ses, the Egyptian Pharaoh." director, Bible school director and quartet Shelton's travels have taken him around I member, making him the first Black to hold the world. His travel experiences have this position in Seventh-day Adventist media. broadened his view of the world, his under- A native of Washington, D.C., Shelton was standing of people, culture, music and art. He I born on December 24, 1939. He attended the has learned that being there is different from Washington Union Academy (now Dupont what books portray. Shelton has also acquired I Park School), Oakwood Academy, Columbia a greater sensitivity to the social and cultural Union College, and Antioch West University. background of Negroid peoples. Over the Shelton says that he was born with the gift years he has coordinated several music I of music which enabled him to play the piano conferences on Afro-American music. at a very early age. He received continued en- Currently, Shelton serves as director of I couragement from his parents to further his Sabbath school, communication and music music education at Howard University departments for the South Central Conference Conservatory of Music and later in Ida of Seventh-day Adventists in Nashville, I Oberstein, Germany. Over the years, he has Tennessee. Previously, He has served as developed an interest in symphonic orche- associate pastor of the Garden Grove SDA strations, and was privileged to study under church in the Southeastern California I the guidance of Dr. Albert Harris, a staff Conference and pastor in Greenville and composer and conductor with MGM motion Kingsport, Tennessee. He has also served as I 1

I / I \ 297 I visiting professor at Oakwood College in the force in the worship experience of Black department of religion where he taught Bible Seventh-day Adventists, and Shelton Kilby's Liturgy. talents have strengthened that force. He is His love for music continues to grow. He married to the former Clara Harris and is the sees it as a ministry that goes hand in hand father of two sons. with the gospel ministry. Music is a vital

Source: An excerpt from the autobiographical sketch of Shelton E. Kilby.

298 I

)1 r I F eillIMMIONII iml Alyne Duma8tee 1011. !M p I International- Vocalist

I laces on a map or globe often project Franz Allen, images of excitement, adventure and director of enchantment. We often wonder what "South Pacific," I it would be like to visit far away places George Schnick, in foreign lands. These places actually came assistant con- I to life for Alyne Dumas Lee, world concert ductor of the singer. Chicago Sym- Born in Knoxville, Tennessee, on March phony and I 22, 1903, and raised in Chicago, Illinois, Phillip Manuel, an internationally known Alyne Dumas Lee was the younger of two harpsichord artist. children born to Clora and Joseph Dumas. Madam Lee was the recipient of numerous • musical awards which included the Michael's Music was always an integral part of her life. Alyne began studying music when she was Memorial Award, the Illinois Opera Guild I five years old, and at age nine, she was Award, Detroit's Musician Association playing the organ for church services. Award, and the Indiana State Association of I Alyne obtained her elementary and high Negro Musicians Award. Her international school education while living in Detroit, fame skyrocketed after her New York debut in Michigan, and Chicago, Illinois. She later 1951, where she received profound critical I attended Oakwood College in Huntsville, acclaim. Alabama; Emmanuel Missionary College Her repertoire included traditional classical (now Andrews University) in Berrien Springs, songs of Bach, Brahms, Mozart, Schumman, I Michigan; Wayne State University Institute of Beethoven, Sibelius, Marx, and contemporary Musical Arts in Detroit, Michigan; and later composers Ronald, Thompson, Salter and I the American Conservatory of Music in Beach. Negro spirituals of Johnson, Work, Chicago, Illinois. Her musical studies also Hairston and others were also a part of her continued with private instructors in the concert appearances. Madam Lee spent I United States, France and Germany. Her two-and-a-half years on a concert tour which dream of one day becoming a concert singer included appearances in Finland, Norway, I became a reality. Holland, Italy, Germany and Austria, where Madam Lee, as she was known, began her she was well received. She also traveled career as a concert singer in December, 1949. throughout the Caribbean and throughout the I She found the opportunity to continue her 48 continental states. She also performed as God-given vocal talent, and studied under soloist with the Chicago Symphony Orchestra, I 1 I 299 I and under such conductors as Leonard Bern- guided through her daily life by prayer. "I stein and Eugene Onnandy. asked the Lord to keep me out of anything that In 1959 her health dictated a curtailment may change my way of thinking," she once ■ of her activities, but she continued her zest for said. music by directing various musical groups. Oakwood College invited Madam Lee to As a faithful member of the Seventh-day join the faculty as "artist in residence" for the ■ Adventist Church throughout her entire life, music department in 1966. During her service she contributed her musical talent to local at Oakwood, she gave of herself unsparingly churches wherever she lived, and served as to the music students under her tutelage. pianist, organist, chorister and choir director. Numerous young people learned the funda- She directed the choirs of the Hartford Avenue mentals of voice culture and proceeded to use SDA church in Detroit, Michigan; the Shiloh their musical talent in a creditable way. She I SDA church in Chicago, Illinois; and the was also designated as special consultant for Capitol Avenue SDA church in Indianapolis, the Gala Night sponsored by the Civic Opera I Indiana. Under her direction, these choirs Society of Huntsville on November 1, 1969, became prominent in their respective cities. because six of the 10 soloists starring in the For 10 years Madam Lee also served as performance were her voice students. proprietor of her own candy shop called "Ma's While teaching at Oakwood, Madam Lee and Pa's Country Candies" in Wheaton, also served as visiting professor of music at Illinois. Young and old alike found pleasure the Alabama A & M University in nearby in walking down the aisles of her shop Normal, Alabama, until her death in 1970. attempting to satisfy their sweet tooth. She had two daughters, Angela Lee U Making youngsters happy was her major Merriweather, Collegedale, Tennessee; and concern. Susan Lee Baker, Frederick, Maryland. * I Madam Lee always believed that she was

I I s

Sources: I An excerpt from the biographical sketch of Alyne Dumas Lee. CHICAGO TRIBUNE, March 29, 1957. Obituary of Madam Alyne Dumas Lee. I Reynolds, Louis B., We Have Tomorrow: The Story Of American Seventh-day Adventists With An African Heritage, 1984, Review & Herald Publishing Association, Hagerstown, Maryland. THE NORTH AMERICAN INFORMANT, December 1952. I NEW YORK TIMES, November 2, 1953. DUPAGE PRESS, Wheaton, Illinois, October 15, 1965. I 300 I IR 4=61i I 0=1 t1/1111 f Eurydice 08terman I 11.00111411 /...OM • L.Na' F MI P Composer/Conductor

s a toddler, she was fascinated by the music instructor sounds which she managed to create at Mt. Vernon A on the piano. The second of four Academy in girls, Eurydice's interest and talent in Ohio where she music surfaced at a very young age. At age taught for four six, she began taking formal piano lessons years. Other from her parents who recognized and institutions in encouraged her musical talent. which she served were Berean Seventh-day Eurydice Valenis Osterman, born in Adventist Elementary School in Baton Rouge, Atlanta, Georgia, on April 5, 1950, to Elder Louisiana, and Oakwood College in Hunts- and Mrs. Francis Alexander Osterman, ville, Alabama. seemed to have entered this world with special Eurydice's love for her students and her musical gifts. After graduating from Ephesus music is reflected in her strong devotion to Seventh-day Adventist church school in both. She takes special interest in the Darlington, South Carolina, and from Shart- academic success and personal well-being of ridge High School in Indianapolis, Indiana, each student. Her directorship of the Oak- Eurydice enrolled at Andrews University in wood College choir has been one of the Berrien Springs, Michigan, where she earned highlights of her career. She demands quality her bachelor's and master's degrees in music performance and enjoys the enthusiastic education. She then completed her doctor of applause from an audience for a job well done. musical arts degree at the University of She receives satisfaction from doing what she Alabama in Tuscaloosa in 1988. enjoys most--composing, conducting, and Through the years, Eurydice's musical keyboard. During her college years she talent blossomed more and more as she developed a special interest in the organ which excelled artistically and creatively. Thus eventually became her major academic music has dominated her academic and instrument. professional interests. One of her career goals Eurydice has published many of her is to continue composing and publishing her works. To her credit are two hymns which she works. composed and/or arranged for the new Eurydice began teaching in Seventh-day Seventh-day Adventist Hymnal published in Adventist institutions in 1972. Since then, she 1985--"God, Who Stretched the Spangled has served on the elementary, secondary and Heavens," and "I Want Jesus to Walk With post-secondary levels. She was the first Black Me." She is also a recording artist with choral 1 \ /

/ I \ 301 groups from Mt. Vernon Academy and America Award in 1985. The Jaycees of Oakwood College. To date, four albums have Huntsville, Alabama, also nominated her as been released under her directorship. She has Teacher of the Year. won two awards from Andrews University for In her short life Eurydice has accomplished composition of her works, "Alleluia" and "Oh, a great deal. She gives God all the credit and What a Beautiful City." She also received the glory as she looks forward to many more Teacher of the Year Award from Oakwood fruitful years of musical success and College in 1984 and 1985 and was honored fulfillment. with the Outstanding Young Women of

Source: An excerpt from an autobiographical sketch of Eurydice Valenis Osterman.

302 N

wil r I rowing= mg Wintley Dhipp8 ICMICAMPAINMAIMIL OWIMEMMEMMFOOF i I Vocalist

I t's a different way of reaching people would use his and touching lives. Even in Bible times rich baritone/ I people wrote and sang songs of praise to bass voice to I God. So, too, has gospel singer Wintley reach out to Phipps written and performed songs glorifying mankind. He I God and touching many lives. cultivated a While traveling on a plane, Wintley Phipps unique multi- recognized one of the passengers and was cultural form of I deeply impressed to share his music with her. gospel music which he writes and performs. He gave her a tape and asked her to listen to it, Since then he has recorded a number of I especially to the song, "I Give You My Life." albums. She told him that she travels with a cassette Wintley, a 1988 Grammy Award nominee, player and would listen to the tape. As Pastor has performed before audiences across the U Phipps and his family were getting off the United States, Europe, Australia, Africa and plane, the lady came up to Phipps, squeezed the islands of the Caribbean. One of the II his hand and thanked him for the music. Days highlights of his ministry to mankind was to later she died. The lady was Natalie Wood, a accompany presidential candidate Jesse famous movie star. Her life was touched by Jackson on his peace-seeking mission to I Phipps' music. several countries in southern Africa in 1986. Many roads can lead a gospel singer to his His other appearances include: I calling and Wintley Phipps has traveled an National Democratic Conventions in San unusual path. Born in Trinidad, West Indies, Francisco, California (1984), and Atlanta, Wintley grew up in Montreal, Quebec. Georgia (1988). I Hymns and traditional church music were part The Oprah Winfrey show in Chicago, of his childhood years, but he never came into Illinois. contact with Black American gospel music "Gospel at the Symphony" with the I until his days at Oakwood College in Hunts- National Symphony Orchestra and the ville, Alabama. It was there that he first began Edwin Hawkins Singers at the John F. I to develop his gift of writing gospel music. Kennedy Center for the Performing Arts After graduating from Oakwood College in Washington, DC. and earning a master's degree in divinity from CBS Nightwatch telecast. I Andrews University in Berrien Springs, Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr., television Michigan, it became clear to Wintley that he special in Los Angeles, California. I 1

I 303 I I Dr. Robert Schuller's "Hour of Power" Prayer Breakfast in Washington, DC. telecast at the Crystal Cathedral in The "Son City Crusade" in Sydney, Australia. Garden Grove, California. I The Vatican, where he met Pope John The Radio City Music Hall in New York. Paul II in Rome, Italy. Wintley also hosted a 30-minute gospel The palace of the president of Italy where television program titled "Stellar Showcase" I he met President Fanfani in Rome. on WLS-TV, Channel 7, the ABC affiliate in "Saturday Night Live" in New York. Chicago, Illinois. Lou Rawls Parade of Stars Telethon for An ordained minister of the Seventh-day I the United Negro College Fund in Los Adventist Church,Wintley has pastored Angeles, California. several churches in the Northeast. He I National Easter Seal Telethon in Los currently lives in Columbia, Maryland, with Angeles, California. his wife Linda and their two sons. Diana Ross wedding ceremony in Phipps' songs have reached many lives. I Geneva, Switzerland. He hopes that when people listen to his music, they sense a life that is committed to God The Billy Graham Crusade in I Washington, DC, and New York. since the purpose of music is to glorify Him. President Ronald Reagan's National After all, He is the one who gives us songs. * I

I ■

I Sources: An excerpt from an autobiographical sketch of Wintley Phipps. I ■ 304 I

i r F 011W1O111M1111 Mi Eleanor Wright I I IF ••••:M FM111.1111111• LWAIIIIMI!= p o IComposer/Vocatist/Pianist

I hey come to her in the middle of the composer, night. She reaches for something— pianist and anything—on which to write the arranger in her I words while still in bed tapping out own right, the tempo. Once she wrote the words on a Eleanor is also a U brown paper bag. Her inspiration may come recording artist at unusual times, but since her birth on and publisher. November 20, 1926, in Dayton, Ohio, Eleanor Her songs of I Wright has written over 200 songs. One of experience and encouragement are written in a her gospel songs, "Surely, Surely," can be variety of styles including anthems, children's I found in the new Seventh-day Adventist songs, gospels and wedding songs. Many Hymnal. have been recorded and published in sheet At a very early age it became apparent that music form. I Eleanor had a special musical gift. But having Eleanor has served her church in many 14 children, Eleanor's parents were unable to capacities. She wrote three youth congress I afford formal music lessons. Nevertheless, theme songs, was a member of the General her talent improved gradually and quite Conference ad hoc committee for the study of naturally, which is the miracle of her music trends in Black churches, and a member I excellence in music as a writer, composer, of the advisory committee for compilation of singer and pianist. the Seventh-day Adventist Hymnal. She has She first performed publicly with the also served with several evangelistic teams in I Wright Family Ensemble after her marriage to the United States, Bermuda and on the Harold Wright at age 18. The trio consisted of continent of Africa. Contributions to the I Audrey Wright Dickerson, Jacqueline M. non-Adventist community include directing a Wright and Eleanor Wright. The Ensemble 100-voice non-denominational choir. traveled and performed all over the United The fascinating thing about Eleanor is that I States as well as Bermuda and Switzerland. the same creativity which enables her to Since then, Eleanor has performed with accomplish so much in the field of music I many other groups, the most popular of which seems to manifest itself on every level of her was the famous Blend-Wright Trio, which existence. When money was tight, and she introduced gospel music to Black Seventh-day needed a painting to hang over the fireplace in I Adventism in a unique way. In addition to her home, she painted it herself. When it was being an accomplished professional singer, time to have her couch reupholstered, she did I 1 I 305 I / I \ it herself. When she needed an extra-long in her commitment to serving and honoring I garment bag, she made it herself. Her God above all else. In one of her songs, she practical skills include making wedding expresses her views on her own life in this I gowns and bedspreads, and building piano way: benches and music stands. In our As I look back upon my life, convenience-oriented society, it is truly And I survey refreshing to encounter a do-it-your-selfer like The rugged road I've had to climb Eleanor. And many a storm to brave Eleanor's other interests and hobbies But if I reach heaven I include gardening, word games and baking. And that's all I've had to say People have traveled miles just for a slice of I wouldn't have it any other way. I her banana cream pie, homemade pecan rolls That song has become a theme song for and strawberry shortcake. Eleanor and her family, for they have come to Eleanor's close friends and loved ones understand exactly what it says to each of II know that while she has accomplished many them. The song has helped them come wonderful things for God, she has not escaped through the worst of trials victoriously--not I the vicious attacks of Satan. Somehow merely undefeated but victorious--still through adversity, God has helped her to rise praising God and giving Him the glory. 'r above incredibly hard times. Her strength lies

Sources: An excerpt from an autobiographical sketch of Eleanor Wright. I Window of My Soul: Song and Story Collection, Eleanor Wright, 1984, Eleanor Wright Music Co., Germantown, Ohio. I 306 I

i r r ammo= m c 1 gaik.2.1,=.61M b 11 u8i soavpmp Skiffs Inventory for Student Activities

Activity Skills

K-2 Maze Developing directional skills Hymn search Developing number recognition and manuscript skills

3-6 Musical notes puzzle Reinforcing data through name recognition Musical coded message Reinforcing word recognition through decoding

7-9 Coded message Reinforcing word recognition through decoding Word search Reinforcing word recognition

9-12 Word search Reinforcing word recognition Creative Activity Developing literary and musical abilities

307 / I \ ML18iCiali18 Student Activity Sheet Name Date Maze Directions: Help the musicians get to their concert on time by finding their way through the maze. Concert

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Stare. U

I mu* 308 Mtmician8 Student Activity Sheet

Name Date Hymn Search

Directions: Allen Foster, Eurydice Osterman and Eleanor Wright composed or arranged some of the hymns in the Seventh-day Adventist Hymnal. Look at the following hymns and write down the name of each one.

Hymn #151

Hymn #203

Hymn #298

Hymn #417

Hymn #536

Hymn #624

Hymn #688

MU * 309

Mu8ician8 111 Student Activity Sheet 111 Name Date I Musical Notes

Directions: Fill in the missing letters of the musician's name by locating the letters on the keyboard. I

111

CDEFGABCDEFGABCDE 111

1. W LT R RTI S 2. LM L KMON I 3. IN 00TH 4. N OST R I

5. SH LTON KIL Y I 6. L NOR WRI HT I 7. LYN UM S L 8. URYT1 0S1 RM N I

9. WINTL Y PHIPPS I

I mu** I 310 Mu8ician8 Student Activity Sheet

Name Date Coded Message Directions: Use the numbers on the keys to complete the coded message.

Q RS TUV WX YZ. 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27

A B C D E F G H J K L M N 0 P 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16

13 21 19 9 3 919 1 21 14 9 22 5 18 19 1 12

12 1 14 7 21 1 7 527 22 15 3 1 12 15 18

9 14 19 20 18 21 13 5 14 20 1 12 23 5 3 1 14

16 18 1 9 19 5 715 4 9 14 15 21 18

13 21 19 9 3 27

mu* **** 311 Mu8ician8 I Student Activity Sheet I Name Date I Word Search Directions: Circle the names of the following musicians in the name I search below. Names are listed horizontally, vertically, diagonally, and backward. I Walter Arties Alma Blackmon Inez Booth Allen Foster Shelton Kilby Alyne Dumas Lee I Eurydice Osterman Wintley Phipps Eleanor Wright

J I MDONN ALPHANNKEADB I ACDEUFGHKMNLOPJ I CFE QARBSMTCUDVYWZXFJ KI I LWFMGAOHNIOJ POKN HL T ARTI E SVSWRHSZ QOMP I WYLAGHBTIC JDTEKF GRQ AH TB ICL EEDJ EOELM FKG I INEZ NUORPVRQORWS XTY AB RECNOMKCALBOGPUB I l MTQRDAZPLMNYTS QFA I ZS HELTONOTMQCI XH ZJ E VUUMSFYSRALYNEZ RCR I YHLRPLT GDUVAHCLJ VDX CP KI LBY I NEXBGBEKDQT I XOHDNSUEHWNEL LAWCHE GKI OKMX LJ I YOLNTGWY I WPQCPRVHKTAFMMOIVBS AFJENPWLGJ NZNL RKPVA ATBUCSVDH WI XWEYFZG 1 A I OBJPCKQD LEWMFRGNH I I MU *** **** I 312 I I Mmician8 I Student Activity Sheet I Name Date Creative Activity

Directions: Most of the musicians mentioned write their own songs. Try to write a song of your own for yourself, your school, or your class. I

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I mu *n*** 313 I Science And Space Preface ■

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n this age of high inquisition, and encourage technology, one cannot them to engage in scientific I overlook the importance experimentation. There is so of science and the much more to learn. essential part it plays in our God, the Creator of the lives. We live in an ever-pro- universe, has given us this gressive tomorrow. We will all message, "Higher than the be misfits in tomorrow's world highest human thought can if we don't keep abreast of reach is God's ideal for His today's happenings. children." We are proud of the I As parents and teachers, we Black scientists mentioned here must inspire our youth to an and we know that there are I awareness of their needed many more, but we cannot stop contributions to the future. too long for applause. We Therefore, we must train them must encourage our youth to I today in the basics of math, expand to even greater heights provide opportunities for than these. They will be problem solving, inspire them tomorrow's leaders in scientific I to explore, lead them into technology. I

I 314 I ■ Donald F. Slake

■ Entomotogist/Administrator

I e didn't always oversee a $10 science degrees, million annual corporate operating and in 1965 he gl budget, complete with a well- received his I appointed office; his business mail doctorate degree wasn't always sent to the plush and sprawling from the Uni- I West Hartford Conference Center. It used to versity of Rhode go to such out-of-the-way places as Itta Bena, Island. Mississippi, Walla Walla and Yakima, While serv- I Washington. Although the test tubes, beakers ing as Walla Walla College's professor of and white laboratory smocks have been biology and director of its Marine Biological I replaced by American Express charge cards, Station in Anacortes, Washington, Dr. Blake fax machines and a secretarial pool, this became the first Black Ph.D. to teach in any of wide-eyed, toothy pioneer has never lost sight the denomination's predominantly White I of his launch pad. If Seventh-day Adventist colleges and universities (1962-67, 1968-69). education had a Jackie Robinson (the first He also served as professor of biology at Black major league baseball player), his name Mississippi Valley State University (1970-74), I undoubtedly would be Donald Frances Blake. along with being its chief academic officer; at "It's extremely important for us Blacks to Oakwood College (1969-70; 1974-76) while I study the sciences as our entire numerical additionally chairing both the department and system is based on the sciences," explained its natural sciences division; and at Kentucky Dr. Blake, director of education for the State University (1976-83) where he was also I Hartford Insurance Group. "Science is very chief academic officer and graduate school good for the development of quantitative dean. While living and working in the I thinking and logic, and the process is neces- Bluegrass State, Blake also served as an sary in terms of applying the proper per- adjunct professor of entomology (insects) at spective to one's thought process." the nearby University of Kentucky College of I Born March 10, 1932, in Mount Vernon, Agriculture. Our scientist-educator also New York, and remembered as an excellent served as a consultant to such organizations as I student at nearby Northeastern Academy, the U.S. Department of Agriculture, US Office Blake received his bachelor of arts degree in of Education, Institute for Service to 1953 from Oakwood College. Later, he Education, Washington State Board Against I attended Michigan State University where he Discrimination, Walla Walla County Board of received both his bachelor's and master's of Education and the United Board for College I 1 \ / I ■ / I \ 315 Development. He also holds memberships in Outstanding Educator of America (1972), and I such professional associations as the Ameri- Outstanding Young Black American (1973) --Dr. Blake points most proudly to his wife can Association for the Advancement of I Science, the Entomological Society of Vera, to their children Duane and Kimberly, to America, and the American Society of their grandson Ryan, and to his unconditional Acorologists (scientists who study mites and love for God and His plan of salvation. I ticks). Equally important to him is his commitment to In 1983, Dr. Blake hung up his soiled scientific education for Blacks. Reflecting on I laboratory smock for the corporate blues and his 1976 NEGRO EDUCATION REVIEW grays when he was named assistant director of article "A Quarter Century of the Black education for the Hartford Insurance Group. Experience in the Natural Sciences, 1950-74," In 1987, he was named director. In this Dr. Blake advocates,"Blacks should start early capacity, this science mentor-turned- senior in grade school developing an appreciation corporate manager is responsible for the and strong foundation in the sciences, design, development, delivery and evaluation particularly spending a lot of time with mathe- of corporate education and training for this matics. My greatest concern, however, is with I Fortune 500 sub-unit. our young Black males, in helping them Despite his multi-dimensional professional develop a sense of appreciation (with math successes, much-traveled lecture itinerary and and science) very early, say, third or fourth numerous recognitions and awards--most grade. Such a knowledge will help them notably Walla Walla College Teacher of the develop a greater sense of security in school I Year (1969), Personalities of the South and and in life."

Sources: Resume — 1988-1989 Biograpical sketch - Submitted 1988-1989 Personal Interview with Tim Allston April, 1989. I 316

I I Emer8on A. Cooper I 1 Chemist/Professor/Administrator

I scientist in his own right, Emerson A. Emerson Cooper's interest in chemistry was worked as a ignited by his junior high school chemist at the teacher. Emerson was born January 1, Metric Chemi- 1924, in the Republic of Panama. His early cal Company in I years were spent in the Canal Zone. Because New York. One of limited secondary and college education in of the com- the Canal Zone, he decided to come to the pany's products I United States to continue his education. was named "Emersite" in his honor. He chose Oakwood College in Huntsville, Dr. Cooper has served on the faculty of I Alabama, over Tuskegee Institute even though Oakwood for over 41 years. He has also made the famous George Washington Carver was contributions at Alabama A & M and Ken- teaching at Tuskegee then. Emerson tucky State Universities, the University of completed high school at Oakwood Academy, Alabama in Huntsville, and the University of taking some college courses at the same time. Wisconsin at Madison. I President F.L. Peterson encouraged him to At Oakwood, Dr. Cooper has served as consider a career in teaching chemistry rather instructor, assistant and associate professor of than chemical engineering. Emerson com- chemistry, chemistry department chairman, I pleted college in two and one-half years by chairman of the division of natural science and accelerating his college work during summer. mathematics, dean of academic affairs and By 1948, he received his bachelor of arts interim president. He has received a number I degree in physical science at Oakwood of honors, awards and federal grants. He has College. His teaching career at Oakwood authored several papers and manuals. In I began immediately; at the college and 1986, he received the UNCF - Tenneco academy. Many days he taught seven classes. Excellence Award in Teaching. He continued graduate studies at Poly- Dr. Cooper has demonstrated to his technical Institute in New York. Emerson students that a scientist and chemist can also recalls seeing only one other Black student be a Christian. In a world when men want to I here. In 1954, he received his master's and, separate God from the sciences, he always in 1959, his Ph.D. in chemistry from Michigan points his students to the greatest scientist who State University—the first Oakwood College is the creator of this world--God. Yes, Dr. I graduate to earn a doctorate. Emerson Cooper is not only a chemist but a While on study leave from Oakwood, scientist in his own right. * Source: I I . Autobiographical Sketch, 1988-1989 / I 317 I / I \

I ic. David Grand'8on il Cardiovascutar Researcher il , oung David Grandison learned the help pay my expenses. My interest was in I value of good grades the hard way. science, and courses were difficult with a full 7 Dr. 0. B. Edwards, the academic class load and work schedule. I graduated I dean, made every Oakwood College with a high average." student who received a "C" or lower come to David attributes the success of those three his office. David's lower-than-a-C grade years to the concerned staff, particularly his I earned him a visit with Dr. Edwards. "Why advisors Dr. E. A. Cooper, Ms. Irene Mere- have you come to Oakwood?" Dr. Edwards dith, Elder C. T. Richards and others. "They asked. "Christian education starts with at least showed me so much love and concern. It was I a C." Embarrassed, David left with the deter- the nurturing and Christian environment that mination that that would never happen again. brought me through," reflects Dr. Grandison. I And it didn't. The apex of his experience was during his David Grandison and his twin brother, senior year when he met and married Carolyn Donald, were born in Detroit, Michigan. His Gilbert. They were later blessed with one son, I mother, Alamaud, and father, Kingdon C., David, who recently attended Oakwood were very proud of their sons and provided a College. I loving Christian home for them. The boys' After graduation, David accepted a position parents became Seventh-day Adventists with United Medical Laboratory in Portland, during their formative years. Oregon. He assisted four of his classmates to • David grew up in metropolitan Detroit and get employment there also. It was in this attended public high-school. After graduation, setting that he met Dr. Donald Blake, pro- I he joined the U.S. Navy. Later, he decided to fessor at Walla Walla College. He encouraged pursue a career and enrolled in the Detroit David to continue his education. David Institute of Technology as a part-time student enrolled in Andrews University and received a I from 1960-62. He then decided to attend master's degree in biology and genetics. Oakwood College in Huntsville, Alabama. Later, Dr. Blake invited David to join the staff I "I followed a friend to Oakwood College at Oakwood. David taught there at two without giving any significant study and different periods, between time he received a planning about a future goal," he says. "When Ph.D. from Wayne State University in I I arrived there, I had very little money ($75), physiology (1974). He then received a MD but I was encouraged to stay and make a go of from Michigan State University in 1980 and it. completed his internal residency at Henry I "I was given a job as night watchman to Ford Hospital in Detroit. From 1984-85 he I 1 \ / I 318 / I \ I served as assistant medical director of the City a more responsible position. of Detroit. When asked, "What is your goal, and what Dr. Grandison joined Warner Lambert/ can we expect next?" Dr. Grandison replied, "I Parke Davis Pharmaceutical Drug Co. as believe God's messenger, Mrs. E. G. White, associate director of cardiovascular research. who says, 'Higher than the highest human As associate director, he was responsible for thought can reach is God's ideal for His the research and development of drugs used to people..." Very humbly he stated, "I don't treat cardiovascular diseases. In 1988, he feel that I should set limits for myself. I am became director of cardiovascular research at God's child, and He is guiding my life." Bristol Myers. He is now with another firm in

Sources: Resume — 1988-1989 Interview, June 1989 by Zeola Allston. 319 Robert E. Shurney

Aerospace Engineer

ould you like to meet a NASA aero Medical Col- space engineer? Did you know lege, Howard W University, Uni- that there is a Black SDA "Man in Space" who knew and worked with versity of the crew members of the ill-fated space shuttle Michigan, and Challenger? Robert Ellerton Shurney was a University of friend and classmate of Ron McNair and flew Alabama. missions with both McNair and Judy Resnick. Because of Robert Ellerton Shurney attended elemen- his early entrance into the space program, he tary school in San Bernadino, California, and qualified as an Equal Opportunity Counselor graduated from Oakwood College Academy, for Marshall Space Flight Center employees. Huntsville, Alabama. During his early life he He also assisted in developing a film depicting didn't know that he would share the ex- the role of Black minorities employed by perience of working in a space program de- NASA. signing parts for space vehicles. Dr. Shurney and his team worked inside He attended Tennessee State University NASA's KC-135 aircraft in a state of and received a bachelor of science degree in weightlessness while testing sections of the physics and electrical engineering. He re- lightweight solar array. They also assisted in ceived his Ph.D. degree in physics from developing systems within NASA's "piggy Columbia Pacific University in San Rafael, back" space shuttle. California. In 1962 he was selected as one of Dr. Shurney designed the tires used on the few blacks assigned to NASA/AST Flight FALCON, the moon buggy (an aluminum tire Systems as an aerospace engineer at Marshall that has metal plates on the inside and Space Flight Center in Huntsville, Alabama. something like a wire mesh on the outside). Shurney's job requires that he coordinate He has totaled more weightless time than most aircraft and hardware schedules, test and astronauts, somewhere between 300 and 400 approve technical facilities, design parts for hours. Outstanding is the fact that he has not space vehicles, and participate in discussions had to take motion sickness pills prior to his to help solve space travel problems. zerogravity simulated flight. (This may be In order that he might keep abreast of new related to his SDA lifestyle of healthful innovations in space, Shurney takes courses living). wherever he can. He has attended many Dr. Shurney has served as a lecturer on colleges and universities including Meharry many college campuses, including Andrews

\ 1 /

/ I \ 320 I University and Oakwood College. He has Flight Award, Apollo Achievement Award, served as a judge for many science fairs and Skylab Achievement Award. including those conducted by the University Dr. Shurney is married to the former Susie I of Tennessee and Vanderbilt University. He Flynt. They have four children: Ronnie, has written many technical manuscripts and Darrell, Glen and Glendon. He is an active I published several scientific journals. church member and serves as a deacon at the Among the many awards he has received Oakwood College church, in Huntsville, for his outstanding contributions to the Alabama. I national space program are First Lunar Apollo

1 I

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Sources: NORTH AMERICAN REGIONAL VOICE, Vol. 18, June 1986. I Interview by Zeola Allston, June, 1988. I 321 I I I I

I s I

I 322

I I Science/Space I Skiffs. Inventory for Student activities • Activity Skill I K-2 Color Rocket Using eye-hand coordination I Drawing and coloring Using eye-hand coordination 3-6 I Creative activity Reinforcing artistic expression Complete sentences Reinforcing historical details

I 7-9 Categorize words Reinforcing classification of scientific I terminology Complete statements Reinforcing historical details I 9-12 Categorize words Reinforcing classification of scientific I terminology Complete statements Reinforcing historical details I I I I I I I / I \ 323 I Science/Space I Student Activity Sheet ■ Name Date • Directions: Color the rocket and display it from the ceiling. I

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sci* 324 I Science/Space Student Activity Sheet

Name Date Drawing and Coloring Directions: Draw or trace four pictures lightly in pencil. Then color the pictures.

Fruit Fish

Vegetable Animal

SCI*

325 science/pace Student Activity Sheet Name Date Creative Activity Directions: Use the rocket as a pattern to cut out three other rockets from construction paper, and make a three-dimensional rocket. Fold the rockets in half lengthwise. Glue the rockets together at the sides. Display rocket in the classroom.

sa** 326 Science/Space • Student Activity Sheet Name Date I Complete Sentences ■ Directions: Complete these statements with words from the biography of Robert E. Shurney. Then use the first letter of each word to spell out his profession or job title. I He received many I He received his early in California. His first name is I He attended Academy. I He attended school in California. He has B.S. and Ph.D. degrees in I Marshall Space Center is located in for many space programs. I He is a He attended school in San Bernadino. • He had an entrance into the space program. I Space program name (abbreviation). One of his son's name is I Weightlessness is tested the aircraft. First word in NASA. I Type of career in engineering. I Kind of scientist. Indications are that he is a man. I

I 327

Science/pace 111 Student Activity Sheet I Name Date II Word Categories Directions: Put a word in each category that begins with the letter ■ indicated.

Birds Girls' Names Fruit Trees Boys' Names I

S I

T II I

S T

SO ** 328 II science/(Space 111 Student Activity Sheet Name Date 111 Categorize Words 1 Directions: Classify and write these words in the proper category for chemistry, biology, space engineering and research (cardiovascular). II cardiac animals oxygen orbit formulas missile heart planet species genus missles blood rocket 1 astronaut elements equations explore disease mammal muscles zoology weightless- drugs organic protozoa 111 ness Note: Some words may fit into more than one category.

A. Research (Cardiovascular) B. Biology I

C. Chemistry D. Space Engineering

I Sc' *** **** II 329 II Science/Space Student Activity Sheet I Name Date I Complete Statements Directions: Use the words from the Word Bank to complete the I statements about Donald Blake, biologist. of Education for Hartford Insurance Group. I of biology, Walla Walla & Oakwood Colleges. Walla Walla College is located in the state of First black to teach in predominately White SDA colleges. I Received a degree from Oakwood College. is a father and grandfather. I Biology (abbreviation) Blake is a science I Atoms that carry electric charges are Blake's specialty is in I Extrasensory perception (abbreviation) Chief academic officer of Mississippi Valley State University (abbreviation) College students receive a at graduation. I Hard work yields much Internal Revenue Service (abbreviation) • Everyone has the power of Blake, Cooper, Grandison and Shurney are science to young aspiring scientists. Science aspirants must set high U Obstetrics (abbr.) is a branch of medical science. Dr. Blake received his highest degree from I Bachelor Science IRS Degree Director Washington Bio Ions ESP Heroes I OB Professor PH.D. He Educator MVSU Success Choice Goal(s) Rhode Island University I

SCI *** **** 330 Government and Law ■ Pre ace

ules of conduct are needed government. In the past we have had to wherever people live together. depend upon non-Seventh-day Adventist R.., Even before men could write, the attorneys for legal counseling service as well laws and customs of each as lobbyists in government. We speak community were passed down from one particularly of those with positions on local generation to the next by older members of school boards, such as Dr. John R. Ford for the group. Later some of the laws were what he did in California in legislating the I written down for clarity and permanence. control of evolution in science textbooks and The organization responsible for the including the story of creation in the same. I direction and supervision of public affairs is Others have been effective in other areas of called government. Its main function is to city and state government. set forth a structure by which people are to We encourage our students to consider I live together peaceably in a community. this field of study as a career, where one can Just as our country is structurally based serve both his country and his Church. with a sound government, we can see the There are so many instances where the law I need for church organization. needs to be properly interpreted for the In the past, we have shied away to some Church and its members. Those who have degree, from the political arena, but more been trained in political science can make I and more we can see the need to have outstanding contributions to the Church. representatives in government to speak for There is a great need for legal counseling in I the Church. There is a constant resurgence our schools, hospitals, and other institutions. of Sunday laws that could greatly infringe Just as Daniel, Joseph, Esther, Ezra had upon the religious freedom which we as their roles to play in government during I Seventh-day Adventists hold so dearly in Bible times, so we appreciate the services of exercising our faith and belief in God. George Cate, Attorney for South Central Having representatives in government at the Conference, as well as Attorneys Eardell I right time and place could help to safeguard Rashford, Clifton R. Jessup, Jr., George our religious beliefs where the Church's Valentine and Eddie Murphy. Others in interest is at stake. We salute Mayor Mary governmental services such as Henry Felder, I K. Stovall of Hurtsboro, Alabama, for the Herbert Doggette, Kenneth Williams, and position of service she holds. Clarence Hodges serve in areas that can Politicians on the local level are very properly represent the Adventist Church and I important as they represent us in serve humanity.

I 331 I / I \ I Herbert A. Doggette, Jr. I

Social-Security Administration I

erbert A. Doggette, Jr., known as had to apply for I "Herb" by his friends and associates, promotions. In 91recognizes that he is truly blessed. government I Herb looks back on his life and can work one must definitely see how God has blessed his family ask for a pro- and career. Early in life, Herb began to set motion. Herb I goals for himself, to which he attributes his never asked for success. one; he has al- I He currently serves as deputy commis- ways been asked for. sioner of operations for the Social Security In one year he received two promotions, Administration (SSA), the number-two man in which technically was against the law, but I the SSA, a position he has held for over eight exceptions were made for him. During 1965, years. Herb is responsible for over 1,350 Herb opened and managed the first Social Social Security offices in the United States, Security office in the riot-torn section of Los I oversees 65,000 employees who process six Angeles called Watts. The following year he million Social Security benefits each year, received the Commission Citation, the highest I distributes Social Security cards to 13 million award given by the Social Security people each year and sends out benefit checks Administration. which total $40 million dollars a month. He While working for Social Security, Herb I also handles $200 billion in benefit payments set another goal--to obtain his college degree. and works with a budget well over $2 billion. He would work days and "trek" to college at I New York is Herb's home state. He spent night. Herb's promotions in Social Security two years at Oakwood College in Huntsville, also meant transferring to different cities. But Alabama, and then served his country for two that didn't deter him from completing his I years in the military. After being discharged, college studies. In the process of completing he began his career in Social Security as a his degree, Herb attended seven schools. I mail and supply clerk in Los Angeles, Upon moving to Baltimore, Maryland, he California. Herb set his first goal to become received his bachelor's degree in business district manager. He worked hard to become administration from the University of Mary- I the best mail and supply clerk the Social land in 1974 and a master's in public admini- Security Administration ever had. Doing stration from George Washington University those small, extra things made people notice in 1978. I his work. Herb's promotion began. He never In 1968, Herb was nominated for a Con- I I 332 I I gressional Fellowship. He has also worked on Herb is an active member of the Emman- Capitol Hill for a year for Representative uael Seventh-day Adventist church in Brock Adams and Senator Joseph Tydings. Brinklow, Maryland. He practices his religion I Herb also received the Commission Citation not only at church, but at his job as well. Herb for a second time. also makes a point of telling his fellow I He is married to the former Betty Branch employees that he is a Seventh- day Adventist. and they are the parents of three He always looks for an opportunity to share children--Michelle, Carol and David. The his beliefs but without any pressures. I family currently resides in Columbia, Mary- Herbert A. Doggette--from mail and supply land. His children are following in their dad's clerk to deputy commissioner of operations I footsteps—they have learned that it is for the Social Security Administration. Yes, truly blessed. I imperative to set goals. I I I I I ■ I I I I I Source: I ADVENTIST REVIEW, July 17, 1986. I 333 Clarence E. llodge8

Deputy Assistant Secretary US Department Of State

hen Adventists sit in church and jobs...I wanted to W watch people being baptized, they improve the lot often wonder how the new of the people in members became Adventists. the inner city. I Many were "born" into the religion and never found it takes had to search for it. But then there are other political pressure people, like Clarence Hodges, who weren't to get help for "born" into the religion, nor did they search the powerless." for it. Adventism found them. He helps people on his own time as well, "I've Hodges became an Adventist by chance. done volunteer work for prisons, civil rights, His grandparents housed a young man who schools..." left and later returned with his new-found faith His commitment to service hasn't gone and introduced it to the family. "[If] that unnoticed. He has received the International lodger had not come back," Hodges says, "we Man of Achievement Award, the Indiana would not have become Adventists." Distinguished Citizens Award and the Lake Since then, Hodges has committed his life Region Conference Meritorious Service Award. to serving others. Currently, he manages the Hodges is familiar with the Bible and holds Office of Equal Employment Opportunity and two of its characters as personal heroes. Who Civil Rights as the deputy assistant secretary are they? for the United States Department of State in "Daniel and Joseph," he says. "They were Washington, DC. He has a doctorate in public politicians and public servants in governments administration and a master's in urban studies. that were hostile to their lifestyles. E. G. White "I find enjoyment in service, in working holds them up as illustrations of what God will and seeing things change--especially with do for us.... White says Joseph and Daniel young people," Hodges says. He has played remained true to principle, were morally clean, leadership roles in organizations like the and worked effectively within un-Christian National Association for the Advancement of governments. By remaining true they benefited Colored People (NAACP), Boy Scouts, Big all with whom they were connected." Brothers, Urban League and the St. Louis Hodges' life proves that you can consider Committee on Racial Equality (CORE). His yourself God's servant in professions other than interest in shaping policy led him into politics. the ministry, teaching or missionary work. "Not "That's how I became involved with CORE," everyone is called to the public ministry," he he says. "I was interested in getting people says, "but there is room for all to serve." Source: I • ADVENTIST REVIEW, August 13, 1987.

/ I \ 334 I I Andrew A. McDonald I ia Yudge

I s United States citizens, many of us and Juris Doctor will be called to serve as jurors in a in the Rutgers I Acourt of law. That may be the only University situation for us to be involved with the Graduate courts. Some, however, will become lawyers, School of Busi- I like Andrew A. McDonald, and make the ness Admini- courtroom a workplace. stration and I Andrew A. McDonald was born in School of Law Jamaica, West Indies, where he attended the respectively. Government Primary School and then ob- Admitted to the New Jersey Bar in 1972, I tained his secondary education at Buxton High Mr. McDonald maintains an active legal School, Kingston. He later attended Mico practice in East Orange, New Jersey, having Teachers' College from 1958 to 1960, served as an assistant corporation counsel for I graduating third in his class of 96, at which the City of Newark during 1974-1975. Mr. time he was immediately certified as a govern- McDonald is also a member of the Essex I ment school principal. County Bar, American Bar and Garden State On January 1, 1961, he assumed the princi- Bar associations. palship of Camberwell Government School, In 1974, he again did postgraduate work I St. Mary, Jamaica, and remained there until at Northwestern University School of Law, June 15, 1963. He then enrolled at Howard Chicago, Illinois, and obtained a certificate in I University, Washington, DC, to pursue a Civil and Criminal Defense. He was appoin- pre-law degree in history, graduating in 1967. ted judge of the Newark Municipal Court on After further studies at Howard University, March 21, 1977, and, in 1982, as judge in the I Mr. McDonald graduated in August, 1968, City of East Orange, New Jersey. Currently with a master of arts degree in history and he serves as civil court arbitrator, Essex I educational administration and supervision. County Superior Court, Newark, New Jersey. Upon graduation from Howard University, Most of his cases are family-oriented and Mr. McDonald was employed by the Chemi- involve such items as real estate, custody, I cal Bank, New York, where he remained until divorce, immigration and personal injuries. September, 1973, attaining the position of He is married to the former Audrey M. Hinds, assistant secretary, Legal Department. While MD, and they have three daughters: Andrea, I at Chemical, Mr. McDonald pursued the joint Janine and Vannessa. They live in Short Hills, I degrees of master of business administration New Jersey, and are active in many civic and 1 I I / I \ 335 religious organizations. He is a strong pro- Foundation in Newark, member of the Alle- s moter of education at all levels because he be- gheny East Conference Executive Committee, lieves that education enhances the upward consultant for the ABC Institute for Better mobility of all young people. Living, Inc., and member of the Broad Street Mr. McDonald has served as first elder of National Bank advisory board in East Orange, the Orange Seventh-day Adventist church New Jersey. -A- I (1978-89), counsel for the Urban Action I

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I I Sources: THE JAMAICAN WEEKLY GLEANER, (N. A.) October 18, 1988. Biographical sketch — submitted 1988-1989 I 336 Jim Dear8on

.fudge

n August 22, 1865, a son, Jim, was the Honorable H. S. Abernathy of the 0 born to John and Elzirah Pearson in Jefferson County Court of Misdemeanors. Madison County, Alabama. When Jim Judge Abernathy counseled Dr. Pearson that was young, his father passed away and the best way to help the Black people was to Jim became his mother's main support. Early keep them out of the courts. He helped Jim in his life, he demonstrated traits of becoming Pearson form the Negro Court of Arbitration. a successful entrepreneur. He worked as a Dr. Jim Pearson was the president (judge), and delivery person for the local grocer and his wife Laura was secretary-treasurer (clerk). established a regular route of customers who Here disagreements were arbitrated among the counted on him. When he reached manhood, parties rather than going to the higher courts. he traveled southward over the mountains to In 1921, Dr. and Mrs. Pearson purchased what was then known as Jones Valley, now 198 acres of property and established the Pine Birmingham. Grove School. Their daughter, Elzirah Mae, Jim was a deacon in the local Baptist served as principal. This school was operated church. White missionaries came to his by the Negro Board of Arbitration of Ala- church to warn the members not to listen to bama. Judge Abernathy wrote a letter com- the "devils" who had come to the community mending Dr. Pearson for organizing an teaching people to keep the seventh day holy established industrial school in Shelby as the Sabbath. Hoping to show the "devils" County, Alabama, called the Pine Grove their error, Mr. Pearson tried to give them Industrial School. Abernathy wrote: "He has Bible lessons. Jesus promised, "If any man made a success with the small means at his will do His will, he shall know the doctrine." hands. I hope that White people who are able Pearson was convicted of the truth and will help him in his laudable undertaking." accepted the Sabbath. Many responded. Three years later, Dr. He attended college in Battle Creek, Pearson gave the following report in a letter: Michigan, and trained under Dr. Kellogg. "...We purchased 300 acres of land two miles While there he married Laura Price Hall. The west of Vandiver, Alabama,...Pine Grove training in physical therapy and Swedish School has between 30 and 40 students. We massage enabled "Dr." Pearson to open a hope to make this school self-supporting and treatment center in Birmingham. Among the are offering nine months of thorough wealthy White clients were businessmen, training..." governors, lawyers, congressmen, editors, In 1926, a group came from the White clergy and judges. One of these judges was Seventh-day Adventist school in Madison,

I 337 Tennessee: Josephine Gotzian, Dr. E. A. Today, the dream still lives through the Sutherland, N. H. Druillard, M. A. Beaumont work of his son, Dr. J. Price Pearson, a and Lida F. Scott. They advised that the name podiatrist who is president of Faith Academy I be changed to Birmingham Institute (for located two miles west of Vandiver, Alabama, Colored people) and that a White man should for Black Seventh-day Adventist youth for become president. Dr. Pearson, however, this age. Thus the work of Judge Jim Pearson, I proclaimed that "This school will be of the an early pioneer of justice for all Black Black race, for the Black race and by the people, has left a legacy for all. * I Black race!"

Source: Biographical sketch — written by granddaughter, Elizabeth Finley Drake, June, 1989 I 338 I I I Mary K. 8. Stovall I 1 Mayor

I quiet, soft-spoken, businesswoman of milk daily to and just-retired teacher-librarian, commercial A was asked by a White businessman dairies as well • of Hurtsboro, Alabama, "Why don't as chickens and you run for mayor of Hurtsboro?" eggs. During I "Mayor? No, no, no way!" said Mary Kate the winter Stovall. months, Mr. "Yes, you could be Hurtsboro's first female Sanders trapped I mayor," the businessman said. Later, when mink and muskrat for the market, and squirrel the word began to circulate, she was and rabbits for additional food for the family. I approached in quite a different manner by It was this kind of entrepreneurship that made someone in the town who said to her, "I hear the Sanders a middle-income family. They that you may be interested in running for sought the best for their children. They were I mayor of Hurtsboro. Let me make a sug- sent to the Lincoln Normal School, a private gestion to you. I don't think Hurtsboro is school operated by the Presbyterian Church. ready for a Black mayor." Mayor Stovall reflects, "I began my early I Mrs. Stovall replied, "I'm surprised that childhood education in a small, one-teacher you would make a statement like that." And public school. My parents wanted to provide I with those words ringing in her ears, Mrs. the best education possible for us so I was Stovall gave serious thought to the needs of transferred to the Lincoln Normal School for the town. "That night I was unable to sleep," grades 3-12. After graduation, I attended I she says. "I prayed to God about my concern, Alabama State College to pursue my mother's then consulted with some friends of mine who wish of having a teacher in the family." I held positions on the Alabama Democratic Mary Kate began teaching in a one-teacher Committee of which I am a member. They school of her father's hometown and was encouraged me to go for it, and I won." referred to as "cousin Tim's daughter." She I Mary Kate Sanders was born in Perry County later received a MLS degree from Atlanta (Uniontown) Alabama, third in a family of University and accepted a position as I five children to Tim and Estella Sanders. teacher-librarian in Hurtsboro at Russell They were commercial farmers. Mr. Sanders County Training School in 1951 until her raised cotton and operated his own syrup mill retirement in 1972. I and sold cane syrup. Mrs. Sanders had her Mrs. Stovall was the news reporter for own dairy farm where she sold 10-12 gallons Blacks in the local paper and attended the city I 1 \ /

I / I \ 339 I council meetings. When a seat became Hurtsboro, Alabama, in 1984. I vacant, she applied and won on a vote of 243 Mayor Stovall credits her daughter, Audrey to 47. Stovall Hayes, for her influence in helping her Due to her many community involvements make a decision to become a Seventh-day as owner and director of the Stovall Funeral Adventist. Being the avid reader that she is, Home, a family business since 1928, a Mayor Stovall began researching Adventism ■ well-known businesswoman, news cor- from the World Book Encyclopedia and the respondent, humanitarian, church worker, civil books From Sabbath to Sunday and How servant and beloved retired school teacher, Sunday Got Its Name. Today, she is a member Mrs. Stovall had no difficulty in winning the of the Christ is the Answer SDA church in mayoral election in the small town of Hurtsboro, Alabama.

I I

Sources: Interview — June, 1989, by Zeola Allston Resume

340 Government/Law

Skiffs Inventory for Student Activities

■ Activity Skill

K-2 Drawing and coloring Using eye-hand coordination I Drawing and coloring Using eye-hand coordination

I 3-6 Making words Developing vocabulary skills Coded message Developing thinking skills I I 7-9 Creative activity Developing analytical thinking skills ■ Creative activity Developing analytical thinking skills 9-12 I Creative activity Developing analytical thinking skills Creative activity Developing analytical thinking skills

■ ■ ■

I \ 341 I Covernment/Law Student Activity Sheet Name Date

Drawing and Coloring Directions: Fill in the broken lines to make the words. Color the picture. • U U

I I

I' %. • I A It t I \ / ••• --• ••• e• '"‘ 1 -i - % / I • % I / ( 1 / I af I \ I 1 1 I 1 / I 1/4 / I • / i ...... #'' i — •/ ‘ .,. _ / a ..... 1, ... / I / /

G/L

342 Government/Law Student Activity Sheet

Name Date Drawing and Coloring

Directions: Fill in the broken lines and make the words. Color the picture.

1 • (°- I "".% I 11// I o„, f % 1 1 I I I s.„," 1 / % 1 • / 1., I • it I I • *ma ao I 1

G/L

343 Covernment/Law Student Activity Sheet Name Date I Making Words

Directions: Make as many words as possible (at least 15) using the letters of the words below. Use each letter only once.

I SOCIAL SECURITY ADMINISTRATOR I

■ ■

GAL ** 344 Government/Law Student Activity Sheet

Name Date Coded Message

Directions: Use the code at the bottom of the page to figure out the following sentence.

20 8 5 18 5 1 18 5 13 1 14 25

7 15 15 4 16 5 15 16 12 5 9 14

15 21 18 7 15 22 5 18 14 13 5 14 20

ABCDEFGH I J KLMNO PQ RS TUV 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22

WXYZ 23 24 25 26

G/L ** 345 Covernment/Law Student Activity Sheet

Name Date Creative Activity

Directions: If you were mayor of a town (maybe your town), what are some of the changes you would want to make? Discuss your plans in class.

G/L r* ****

346 Covernment/Law Student Activity Sheet

Name Date Creative Activity

Directions: Ask your teacher to arrange a visit with your mayor or a representative at City Hall. Ask questions and make notes about the various duties of a mayor, such as working hours, number of employees at City Hall, how the person became a mayor, etc.

G/L *** ****

347 I I I I eventh-day Adventists believe, several Black Seventh-day Adventists. as did Jesus, that they should They have served with distinction as I "Render unto Caesar the things medics--an area dedicated to saving which are Caesar's; and unto lives by caring for the wounded and I God the things that are God's" dying during war, and ministering to (Matthew 22:21). They believe that the health needs of military personnel they ought to serve both God and their and their families during times of I country. They have done the latter by peace. Others have served as chaplains serving in all branches of the armed watching over and caring for the I forces, dedicating their talents and spiritual needs of military families. skills, and giving their lives in military Wherever they are found, in civilian service. Either as non-commissioned or military life, Seventh-day I or commissioned officers, Seventh-day Adventists are missionaries by Adventists have occupied all ranks of conviction. It is therefore not I the military, from the ordinary surprising that through the godly lives foot-soldier, to private, to general. and witness of many men and women Because Seventh-day Adventists who serve in the armed forces, several II have taken a noncombatant stand individuals have been converted to the refusing to bear arms, the men and church. These "light bearers," who women who have been drafted into carry the torch of the gospel in the • military service have been encouraged armed forces, often go unnoticed. It is to enter as conscientious objectors. to these unsung heroes that this section I This decision, of course, is clearly a is dedicated. Although, compared to matter of conscience and rests entirely other sections there are few in number, with one's personal convictions--it is these men and women in uniform have I not mandated by the Church. Many been a credit to their country and to the have entered military service as Seventh-day Adventist Church. I conscientious objectors, among them I I I 348 I r I Darry C. Black I Naval- Chaplain

I distinct bass voice is heard on an Barry was academy or college campus during a raised by a I Week of Prayer, at a youth federation, single parent in a camp meeting or during an a Baltimore, evangelistic crusade. The voice reminds many Maryland, I listeners of the late Dr. Martin Luther King, ghetto. Though Jr., for its captivating tone, the enunciation of the family was I words as well as the semantics that are used in poor and on his presentation, dialogue or sermon is not just welfare, his mother was determined that all of ear-catching, but highly spiritual. The voice her eight children would be educated in I belongs to none other than Barry C. Black, Christian schools. When Barry's time came to chaplain for the United States Navy. attend school he enrolled in the Baltimore Barry Black was born on November 1, SDA Junior Academy. After graduation he I 1948, in Baltimore, Maryland. His voice and continued his education at the Pine Forge use of words have always been a distinctive Academy in Pine Forge, Pennsylvania. I characteristic of his personality that set him During his high-school years at Pine Forge, he apart from the rest of the crowd. In spite of was awarded several distinctions by winning his small stature as a young boy, he was able many oratorical contests. I to use his voice and "choice" words in his To help his mother fulfill her dream of all local neighborhood to impress his friends on of her children obtaining a Christian I the block. "Playing the dozens" on the streets education, Barry spent five summers as a of Baltimore was a common and favorite student colporter to earn money for the pastime. Barry's "tongue" compensated for expenses of academy and college. Elder I his stature for he cut anyone down to his size Henry Freeman greatly influenced Barry in less than a minute. His vocabulary far during these years as Barry worked from place exceeded the average child his age, although to place each summer. I many of the words he used were not those one Over the developing years of Barry's would associate with Christianity. In time, childhood and adolescence, several ministers I with the help of his mother, concerned and pastors left positive impressions on his teachers, pastors and the Holy Spirit, Barry life and served as mentors and role models of was able to tame his tongue and use it for the speaker that he would one day like to I God's service. He admits that it was a hard become. He recalls hearing Elders C. E. struggle but one he overcame. Bradford and C. D. Brooks at camp meetings I 1

I 349 I each summer. Their speaking ability and several years. The area of pastoral ministry sermons would "blow his mind." Barry which attracted him most led him to focus his preached his first sermon as a youth of 14 and career in the armed forces as a chaplain. This I at the age of 18 he conducted his first would provide him an opportunity to witness evangelistic meeting in Columbus, Ohio. The in a non-Adventist environment. Barry handbill that was distributed to announce the became the first Seventh-day Adventist and I meetings advertised him as "The Boy second Black to serve as chaplain at the Preacher." United States Naval Academy in Annapolis, I Barry spent his undergraduate years at Maryland. Serving as a spiritual counselor, Oakwood College in Huntsville, Alabama, teacher, advisor, and friend to the youth of our where he majored in theology. In 1968, he country who were preparing their lives for took time out of his college studies to serve as careers in the armed forces and society Oakwood's first student missionary in Lima, reminded him of the deep spiritual concern Peru. As a singing evangelist, he lifted up his that Elder Danny Davis, youth director of the I voice in Spanish where many South Allegheny East Conference, had for the young Americans accepted Jesus Christ as their people of the Adventist Church. I personal Saviour. Chaplain Black also recognizes that After graduating from Oakwood College education never ends for he has continued to he later completed his master of divinity increase his knowledge and pursued advanced I degree at Andrews University in Berrien degrees in the area of counseling, management Springs, Michigan. Thus his mother's dream and psychology. He is a sought-after speaker I was fulfilled. Barry had experienced a by churches, conferences and federations, for Christian education from elementary school weeks of prayer and evangelistic revivals. through graduate school! As US Naval Chaplain, his responsibilities I The pastoral ministry occupied much of his have taken him to San Diego, California, and early career years as he pastored 11 churches Middletown, Rhode Island. He and his wife in the South Atlantic Conference. He later Brenda currently reside in Burton, South served in the Allegheny East Conference for Carolina, with their three sons. I

I Sources: An excerpt taken from an autobiographical sketch of Barry C. Black. Telephone interview, Atlanta, Georgia: July 18, 1989.

350 I Leonard Johnson, Jr. ■ Chief Fright Surgeon ■ llg ive God your best in whatever you Germany and set out to accomplish" are fitting the Philippines. I words that describe the life of After 12 years Colonel Leonard William Johnson, of active duty, Jr., for he gave God his best. he was pro- I He was born on July 15, 1932, in St. moted to the Augustine, Florida, to Leonard and Vera rank of full I Johnson. When he was only 10-years-old, Colonel, thus Leonard moved to Elkhart, Indiana, with his becoming at that time the second youngest family. Leonard made many friends there and colonel in the United States Air Force Medical ■ Elkhart became home to him. After Corps. graduating from Elkhart High School, he His educational accomplishments also I completed his pre-medical studies with a include a master's degree in public health major in chemistry at Howard University in from Harvard University and in 1968 he Washington, DC, where he received his became the first Black physician to become I bachelor of science degree at age 18. Five certified in the specialty of aero-space years later, he completed his medical degree medicine through residency training. He was from Howard University School of Medicine. also a diplomat of the American Board of Leonard married Evelyn Mays and became Preventive Medicine and a fellow of the parents of two children: Karen and Leonard American College of Preventive Medicine. I III. Their father, Dr. Johnson, served as a Leonard held membership in many positive role model for them as well as for professional societies and received numerous other Black children in the local community. military awards and decorations which I His internship was served at the Los included: Angeles County General Hospital. He later The Legion of Merit (the nation's I engaged in private practice of medicine and seventh highest military award). surgery in San Diego, California. The Joint Service Commendation After a year-and-a-half, Leonard entered Medal for his aero medical management I the military service where he was on of the POW (Prisoners of War) program. continuous active duty with the United States Meritorious Service Medal. Air Force and served in Alabama, Arizona, Air Medal with three oakleaf clusters. I Illinois, Massachusetts, Maryland, New He also held the aeronautical rating of Hampshire, Texas, Virginia, as well as Chief Flight Surgeon, the highest flying rating I I 351 I / I \ for a physician in the Air Force. He owned Seventh-day Adventist Church wherever he I his own Commanche 250 airplane, held a lived serving as Sabbath school teacher, local commercial pilot's license and logged more elder, medical-health secretary and lecturer for I than 7,000 hours of flying time in more than many camp meetings. He was also a member 55 types of military aircraft and 15 different of the famous "Brothers of Washington, DC," types of civilian aircraft. a male musical group. I One of his last assignments before his Colonel Johnson was also invited as guest untimely death in 1987 was that of Surgeon speaker for many Black history programs and General of the Electronic Security Command, celebrations at elementary and high schools as I at Kelly Air Force Base, San Antonio, Texas. well as colleges. His life aptly testifies that he He was an active member of the gave God the best in all that he did. I

Sources:

THE NORTH AMERICAN REGIONAL VOICE, September 1987. An excerpt from the biographical sketch of Leonard Johnson. Obituary of Leonard Johnson. I 352 I Herman L Nibble Nava( Chaplain

eing of service to God and his country He followed are two noted contributions that in his father's I Chaplain Herman L. Kibble has given footsteps by to humanity. Herman was born in entering the Houston, Texas, on July 16, 1931, to Elder gospel ministry I and Mrs. H. Kibble. Being a "PK" (preacher's and served kid) as they are often called, gave Herman several con- the opportunity to travel and meet people from gregations in across the country which no doubt contributed various Southern California cities such as: to his career choice later in life. Los Angeles, Monrovia, Long Beach, I Herman is a product of Christian Pasadena and Altadena, where he built a new education, having attended church school for edifice for the members. A total of seventeen his elementary, secondary, college and years were given in the area of pastoral I graduate studies. He attended the Shiloh ministry. Academy in Chicago, Illinois, for his In 1969, Herman was commissioned by the United States Navy to Naval Captain, making I elementary and academy years. Herman became a noted orator during his academy him the highest ranking Seventh-day years. He entered and won several oratorical Adventist chaplain and the first Seventh-day I contests that were sponsored by the Lake Adventist and fifth Afro-American to be Region MV society (now AY). He enrolled in promoted to this post. Emmanuel Missionary College (now Andrews He is married to the former Marquita I University) in Berrien Springs, Michigan, at Hamilton and they are the parents of three the age of 16. He completed his bachelor and children. He not only dedicated his life to the I master of arts degrees there. Post-graduate ministry, but to his country as a military studies led him to acquire a master of divinity chaplain ministering to the needs of our degree also from Andrews, and a doctor of servicemen and women in the Navy. As a divinity degree from the University of chaplain he counsels on a one-to-one basis, California in Berkeley, California. During his provides spiritual leadership through various I college years, he was a noted singer in the religious services and programs. He also male quartet, "The Harmony Four," which represents the Seventh-day Adventist Church included John Rogers, Henry Doswell, Harvey and ministers to the spiritual needs of the I Kibble and himself. Seventh-day Adventist Naval employees. *

Sources: An excerpt from the biographical sketch of Herman L. Kibble. Oral interview, 13 June 1989, Elder Harvey Kibble, Huntsville, Alabama.

353 I Joseph T. Dowell

First SDAMititary Chaplain

he youngest of five children and a would assist in T third generation Seventh-day giving monthly Adventist, Joseph T. Powell was born character on November 11, 1923, in Baltimore, guidance Maryland, to Clarende and Aleathia Weaver lectures, Powell. Even though his parents had little of conduct weekly this world's possessions, they nevertheless worship instilled in their children the teachings of God, services in the love for each other and for mankind. camp stockade, the hospital chapel, as well as His mother was his first teacher. He the Korean Union Mission Compound. He attended the Baltimore Seventh-day Adventist also spent many hours giving spiritual Academy and graduated salutatorian of his counseling and encouragement in the hospital class. Because of his grade point average, he with visitations. The Blind Children's was awarded a scholarship to Oakwood Orphanage was also a part of his ministry that College in Huntsville, Alabama. He Chaplain Powell looked forward to. Many of completed his studies at Oakwood in the children anticipated his visits and would three-and-a-half years. After graduating from recognize his deep voice as he entered the Oakwood, he attended the Washington front door of the main building and would Theological Seminary, now Andrews scamper down the hall announcing, University Theological Seminary. His entire "moksa-nim oshisaoo" (The chaplain is here). education, elementary through graduate The life of a soldier had taken Chaplain school, was obtained in the Seventh-day Powell and his family out of their home Adventist school system. country into one that was culturally different. From 1947 to 1952, he served at Pine Several adjustments had to be made in their Forge Academy in Pennsylvania; the first year lifestyle. Chaplain Powell had made history. as dean of boys, and the last four years as He became the first Black Seventh-day Bible instructor and campus pastor. Adventist to serve as a chaplain in the Joseph always felt the need and harbored military. As Powell obtained the rank of the desire to serve in the military as a Lieutenant Colonel, his assignments were on chaplain. This desire materialized in 1952 large military installations as religious advisor when he accepted a position in Korea where to the Post General. After completing his his primary responsibility was chaplain at the assignment in Korea in 1972 he was assigned 121st Evacuation Hospital. As chaplain he to Germany where he served as chaplain and

/ I \ 354 race relations counselor to General Powers to Anne Powell. Chaplain and Mrs. Powell help assist with racial problems. After the currently reside in Orange County, California. successful completion of this assignment he Although Chaplain Powell's responsi- was awarded full Colonel in the United States bilities remained full while in active military Army Reserves. He carried this rank into service, he found time to participate in his retirement. favorite sports: volleyball, ping-pong and Chaplain Powell's other civilian bowling. Playing the violin also brought responsibilities included pastoring in Raleigh relaxation to him and his patients. Whether he and Durham, North Carolina and Los Angeles, was preaching from the pulpit in his native California. His last responsibility was at Baltimore or among the barren hills of Korea, Oakwood College in Huntsville, Alabama, Chaplain Powell would leave his audiences where he served as chaplain and assistant with a true impression of his real self and his professor of religion. In total he gave the dedication to God. He was a man who stood Seventh-day Adventist ministry 39 years. His head-and-shoulders above the crowd. awards and citations are numerous. Respected by all who knew him, a man of He is married to the former Alice Pettiford God, he went about doing God's work as best of Marion, Illinois, and they are the parents of he could as a chaplain in the United States two daughters: Cynthia Powell Hicks and Jo Army.

Sources: MESSAGE, August 1964. An excerpt from an autobiographical sketch of Joseph T. Powell.

355 I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I \ n / 1 / I \ 356 I

Armed Force8 Skids Inventory for Student Activities

Activity Skill

K-2 Matching information Developing listening skills & recall of facts Let's Discover Developing oral and thinking skills

3-6 Matching information Developing listening skills & recall of facts Word association Reinforcing association with details and vocabulary development

7-9 Word association Reinforcing association with details and vocabulary development Interview Developing oral and written expression

9-12 Word association Reinforcing association with details and vocabulary development Interview Developing oral and written expression

/ I \ 357 Armed Force Student Activity Sheet

Name Date Matching Information

Directions: Draw a line from the name on the left to the correct information on the right.

Barry Black a. Speaker, minister, Chaplain, US Naval Academy

Leonard Johnson b. Pastor, dean of boys, Bible teacher, US Army Chaplain

Herman Kibble c. Medical doctor, US Air Force Colonel

Joseph Powell d. Minister, Captain, Chaplain US Navy

AF*

358 Armed forces Student Activity Sheet

Name Date Let's Discover

Directions: Talk to an adult and ask why Seventh-day Adventists don't carry guns in the military. What kind of work do Seventh-day Adventists do instead? Why shouldn't you play with guns? Be prepared to share the answers with your class.

AF*

359

Armed Force Student Activity Sheet s Name Date Matching Information

Directions: Place the letters of the contributions/facts of each individual on the space below their names. I Barry Black First Black physician in aero-space medicine US Naval Captain Chaplain at US Naval Academy I Noted singer while in college Dean of boys at Pine Forge Academy Leonard Johnson Student missionary in Peru Pastor in Pennsylvania, North and South Carolina and California s Speaker for many religious meetings Bible teacher and college chaplain Herman Kibble Pastor for 17 years in California churches Second youngest colonel in US Air Force I. Completed medical school at age 23 m Chaplain in US Navy, first SDA, fifth Black Noted voice and use of words in speaking Joseph Powell His father served as role model as a minister First Black military chaplain Worked as student colporteur a Chaplain in US Army in Korea and Germany Held highest flying rate in Air Force Called the "boy preacher" I Colonel in US Army Reserves Won several oratorical contests in Lake Region s Conference Noted flyer/aviator Surgeon general at Kelly Air Force Base

AF**

360

Armed forces Student Activity Sheet

Name Date Word Association

■ Directions: List as many words that you can that are associated with the armed forces and chaplains by using the first letters listed below. Be able to discuss each word and how it is used.

A R M E I D

F I R C E S

I C H

• L P N

A * *** ■ **** 361 I ■ Armed Force Student Activity Sheet

Name Date Interview I

Directions: Interview various individuals in your school or church who have served in the armed forces. In what branch did they serve? In what capacity did they serve? You may want to invite them to your I class to share some of their personal experiences in the armed forces as a Christian. I

AF *** **** ■ 362 Author8/Writer8 Preface

oing to the library and seeing somethimes the purpose is not as the walls lined and shelves concrete, such as a philosophy book overflowing with thousands discussing an array of the author's of books written by ideas and challenging you to think. thousands of different authors is The printed word is powerful—so amazing. In some countries, much so that at times it has been Americans are considered lucky to censored. When the British colonists have access to so many books. in America began publishing papers People write for various reasons— urging liberation from the homeland, to explain, inform, persuade, criticize, they were strictly censored, and and entertain, among others. In a sometimes forced to stop publication. sense, we are all authors—we write The Bible has also undergone extreme distant friends informing them of the suppression, and its survival today is recent changes in our lives; we write probably the best example of the reports in school persuading the power in the printed word. teacher that we actually did read a Enjoying America's freedom of book; and some of us keep a daily speech, Black Seventh-day Adventist journal or diary. Although these works authors have published their own are never published, we are still works. Included in this section are the considered the author. profiles of a few of those authors. The Through the years in school, you Seventh-day Adventist Church also has will read many books by different many publications such as the authors who, like our purpose for ADVENTIST REVIEW and writing a friend, also had a purpose for MESSAGE magazine in which SDA writing their books. Sometimes the writers can publish articles on a wide purpose is clear, such as a mathematics range of subjects. book is to teach math basics; and

363 Arna W. Bontemp8

Writer/Poet

riter and poet of the Harlem age of 16. Arna W Renaissance, Arna Bontemps was later entered notably one of the most productive Pacific Union I Black writers of the twentieth College in century. Angwin, Cali- Arna was born in Alexandria, Louisiana, fornia, where he I on October 13, 1902. Because of the racial graduated in realities of Southern life and the lack of 1923 with a I educational opportunities for black people, degree in English. Arna was the only Black Arna's father, Paul Bontemps, decided to student in his graduating class, and, although move his family to California to try to he graduated at the top of his class, he felt that overcome these obstacles. Arna was three something was missing. He felt that he had years old at the time. Other relatives also been denied his African heritage! migrated West strengthening the extended Arna's father threatened him many times, family relationship--aunts, uncles, cousins and insisting that if he should act "colored," he grandmother--all settled in the Los Angeles would find himself supporting his own I area. education. Arna could never understand why Sadness came to the Bontemps family he should be ashamed of his color. when Arna was 12-years-old. His mother, The year after he graduated from college Maria Pembroke Bontemps, died. Even his poetry first appeared in The Crisis, a though his father remarried (Felicia Ory), journal published by the NAACP and edited I Arna had developed a strong attachment to his by W. E. B. Dubois. Hoping to pursue his grandmother, Sara Pembroke, with whom he dream of being a writer, Arna decided to spent many happy days as a young child. venture east to New York City. Harlem was at The family joined the Seventh-day Adventist this time the cultural and intellectual center of Church as a result of their father's acceptance Black America, the place which offered I of the Advent message. Because his father opportunities to talented, young Black writers. was deeply concerned with the education of In Harlem, Arna discovered other young his children, he sent Arna to the San Fernando Negroes from various sections of the country I Academy in 1917 where he completed his possessing similar dreams. In time, they high school education. Arna was such an began to recognize themselves as a group — outstanding student that he finished high writers and poets who only a few months I school in three years, graduating in 1920 at the earlier had been literally unknown in their I

I / I \ 364 home towns of Topeka, Cleveland, Eatonville, joined the teaching staff at the Shiloh Salt Lake City or Los Angeles. But here in Academy in Chicago, Illinois, where he served Harlem they were seen in another light. They until 1938. While in Chicago, his writing were heralds of a dawning day. Langston career also developed. He pursued an Hughes, Aaron Douglas, Countee Cullen, advanced degree in library science at the Claude McKay, James Weldon Johnson, Jean University of Chicago. Toomer and many others were the new After Black Thunder, was published in associates and friends of Arna Bontemps. 1936, he received more criticism from his According to Arna, these years were the Adventist colleagues, even though he was "golden years." They were the years of the appointed to the Illinois Writers Project and Harlem Renaissance. received a Julius Rosenworld fellowship for Arna fell in love with Harlem. He began creative writing. Arna had been raised and teaching at Harlem Academy (now North- educated a Seventh-day Adventist and he eastern Academy) in 1924 while he was also always abided by the rules of any Adventist developing his writing talent. He later served institution with which he was affiliated. as principal of the academy. While in New However, he did not always understand the York, he met his wife-to-be—Alberta Johnson reasoning behind some of the regulations. —and married her in 1926. Eventually, six The racial prejudice and injustices that faced children were born to the Bontemps family. his father and forced his family to move West In 1926 and 1927, Arna was awarded two were also prevalent in the SDA church. His Alexander Puskin Prizes for his poems thoughts caused him to be classified as a "Golgatha Is a Mountain" and "The Return." radical. In time, Arna's affiliation with the In 1927, he received The Crisis Poetry Prize SDA church officially ceased. award for his poem "Nocturne at Bethesda." Arna was appointed head librarian at the In 1931, Oakwood Junior College in Hunts- Fisk University in Nashville, Tennessee, ville, Alabama, invited Arna to be a teacher in where he served for 23 years. He later the English department. His first novel, God returned to Chicago in 1966 where he taught Sends Sunday, was also completed at this literature at the University of Illinois. In 1969 time. This title was not well-received by some he was appointed visiting professor and cura- Adventists who, without reading the book, tor of the James Weldon Johnson Memorial concluded that it suggested Sunday as God's Collection at Yale University in New Haven, day of worship. This was far from the truth. Connecticut. There were others in the Adventist community Fisk University invited him to return in who also criticized Arna for not only his 1971 as a writer-in-residence. He served there writing, but his personal book collection and until his death in 1973 at the age of 70. Many his personal friendships with "worldly books and poems bear his name. He received individuals" whom he had known before numerous awards during his lifetime. His coming to Oakwood, and with whom he name is still remembered in the world of maintained his friendship. literature. Arna Bontemps was one of the last Arna left Oakwood in 1934 to complete his survivors of the cultural Black renaissance second novel, Black Thunder. In 1935 he which flourished in Harlem in the 1920s. *

Sources: Afro-American Encyclopedia, 1974, Education Book Publishers Inc.: Miami,Florida. Stokes, Otto Jr. Biographical Sketch on the Life of Arna W.Bontemps, 1985 (unpublished research paper) 365 I Jacob JU8ti88, I Historian I

acob Justiss, Jr., was often referred to as Jacob mar- I "Dr. Commentary," a walking historian ried Mae Smith y who could talk for hours about many in Rockville, I historical topics. Today, he would be Maryland, on associated with the African "griot," the main June 20, 1946. oral historian of many West African tribes. Two children I Jacob, Jr., was born on May 2, 1919, in Mt. were later born Pleasant, Texas, to Jacob and Beatrice Justiss. into the Justiss When Jacob, Jr., was five months old, the family--Joan and Jacob III. I family moved to Toledo, Ohio. He received When the Pine Forge Institute opened in his elementary and secondary education in the 1946, Jacob was invited to serve as the history I public schools of the city. Jacob was baptized instructor at the infant academy. He served on into the Seventh-day Adventist Church at the the staff until 1948 when he joined the faculty age of 18. It was through the influence of his at Oakwood College, remaining there as an I older sister, Valerie, that Jacob and his family associate professor of history until 1950. learned of Adventism. At first, Jacob thought Jacob's administrative ability was demon- I that his sister was crazy, but after studying the strated in his position as principal of the Bible and attending church, he acknowledged Washington Union Academy (later named the fact that the seventh day was the Sabbath Dupont Park School) in Washington, DC. I and declared, "I'll go crazy with you." The Even though Jacob served as a pastor for influence of the Justiss children eventually led several years in the Lake Region and Alle- I the parents to accept the Adventist message gheny conferences, organizing a number of and they were also baptized. churches, his love for history never ceased; Jacob attended Emmanuel Missionary neither did his studies and knowledge in this I College (now Andrews University) in Berrien area diminish. He was listed in Who's Who in Springs, Michigan, and graduated in 1942 the West and Mid-West and International with a degree in history. He later completed Biography of Intellectuals published in I his master's degree at the Theological Semi- London, England. nary in Takoma Park, Maryland, in 1945. He While teaching Black history in the public I earned a degree in chaplainship from Harvard schools of Washington, DC, Jacob received an University in Cambridge, Massachusetts, in award as an outstanding teacher for having 1949, and his doctorate from Howard Univer- well-attended classes in a school known for I sity in Washington, DC, in 1976. having poor attendance. 1 I \ / I I \ 366 I Jacob recognized a dire need for a written Tomorrow--a more detailed account of Black history of the contributions of Black Adventism. Seventh-day Adventists. This led him to On April 23, 1978, nine days before his research, study and write the first book on the 59th birthday, Jacob Justiss' life came to a history of Black Seventh-day Adventists. In sudden end. The night before he died, Elder 1975, Angels in Ebony was published, Justiss conducted his regular Bible study depicting the contributions of a people that group that was composed of Adventists as had not been printed before. It was not a well as non-Adventists. The joy and en- comprehensive volume, but it was a begin- thusiasm that Jacob Justiss experienced in ning. Louis B. Reynolds later wrote We Have teaching continued until his death. *

Sources: Taken from an excerpt from a brief biographical sketch on the life of Jacob Justiss. Telephone interview--Joan Justiss Tynes--July 20, 1989, Atlanta, Georgia.

367 Loup 13. Oeynold8 ■ ■ Yournalist/GC Field Secretary

ouis B. Reynold's ministry was Two daughters, I L unique, blending his journalistic and Dawn and Joan, artistic abilities with public relations were born into • and his first-hand knowledge of the their family. Scriptures. From 1936 until his retirement, Louis began his and beyond, he served the Seventh-day ministry in Adventist denomination nobly and well. Kansas and Louis was born February 23, 1917, in Verdery Missouri where Greenwood, South Carolina. After the death he pastored seven churches. Following his of his father in 1923, the family moved to pastoral ministry in the Midwest, he served as Cincinnati, Ohio. Louis received his chaplain of the Riverside Sanitarium and elementary education from the Cincinnati Hospital in Nashville, Tennessee, editor of the school system. Recognizing his sharp mind MESSAGE magazine, pastor in New York, and wealth of talent in Latin, science and director of public relations for the caligraphy, his teachers encouraged him to Northeastern Conference, associate secretary reach for high goals. They noticed he of the Sabbath School Department of the possessed a sharp mind. Two teachers felt General Conference, script writer for the that Louis should pursue a career in medicine, Breath of Life television series, author and and made arrangements for him to go to co-author of several books including: The medical school. But God had a special work Dawn of a Brighter Day, Great Texts From for him. Romans, Look to the Hills and Little Journeys Louis and his mother attended an Into Storyland. evangelistic series conducted by Pastor Aware of his talent in journalism, the Thomas Rowe. They accepted the three Adventist Church chose him to serve as the angels' message and were baptized into the first Black editor of MESSAGE magazine, our Seventh-day Adventist Church. Bonnie denomination's only black journal, from 1945 Dobbins, a Bible worker during the meetings, to 1959, and again from 1978 to 1980--a total encouraged Louis to further his studies at of 16 years. His last major contribution to the Oakwood Junior College in Huntsville, Ala- church was the culmination of his 30-year bama. At Oakwood he finished his high research. During the course of his career and school, sang with the male chorus and quartet, for two full years toward the end of his life, he studied theology and met his future wife, strived to complete the first comprehensive Bernice Johnson, whom he married in 1938. volume on Black Adventist history. We Have

368 I Tomorrow was published in 1984. Elder Fisk University in Nashville, Tennessee, he Reynolds died on September 12, 1983, several attended Howard University some years later I weeks after completing the manuscript. His and received a master's degree in religious wife, Bernice, preceded him in death one education. I month before on August 9. The legacy that Louis B. Reynolds leaves Over the years, Louis remembered the for generations to follow can be summarized teachers in his youth who cared about and in the text that is found Ecclesiastes 9:10: I encouraged his young mind. He passed on the "Whatsoever thy hand findeth to do, do it with same caring and concern to many young thy might; for there is no work, nor device, people in the United States and other parts of nor knowledge, nor wisdom, in the grave, I the world. He didn't neglect to pursue his whither thou goest." I own higher education. After graduating from I I I I • I I I I I I Source: I NORTH AMERICAN REGIONAL VOICE, December, 1983. I 369 I I I I I I I I I I • I ■ I I I I I I ■ Author8/Writer8 I Skills Inventory for Student Activities

Activity Skill K-2 I Make miniature books Reinforcing eye-hand coordination and association skills I Write a poem Developing word skills and creative thinking

3-6 I Book, title, author Reinforcing recall and association Write a poem Developing word skills and creative thinking 7-9 I Crossword puzzle Reinforcing historical detail Book, title, author Reinforcing recall and association 9-12 Crossword puzzle Reinforcing historical detail Creative writing Developing creativity in writing and thinking I

■

I I /I \ 371 I AUth0F8/WFitel8 Student Activity Sheet

Name Date Make Miniature Books Directions: Cut out the three miniature books below and on the next two pages. Fold along the dotted lines. Color the pictures of the three writers, cut them out and paste them inside their book. Paste each writer's title on the cover of his book.

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372 ■ AUth018/Wiltef8 Student Activity Sheet I Name Date Make Miniature Books Directions: Cut out the three miniature books below and on the I previous and the next pages. Fold along the dotted lines. Color the pictures of the three writers, cut them out and paste them inside their book. Paste each writer's title on the cover of his book.

A/W

373

Authors/ Writer Student Activity Sheet I Name Date Make Miniature Books Directions: Cut out the three miniature books below and on the previous two pages. Fold along the dotted lines. Color the pictures of I the three writers, cut them out and paste them inside their book. Paste each writer's title on the cover of his book.

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374 I Authors/Writer I Student Activity Sheet ■ Name Date

I Directions: Write a poem about anything, such as nature, a trip, a toy or a pet. I I I I I I I I I

I I

A/W* I ** I 375 A/W* Directions: next totheindividualthatitisassociatedwith. Name *** Arna Bontemps Place thealphabetofbooksorpoemsinblank A LlthOF8/Wiltef8

"The Return Book, Title,Author Student ActivitySheet K Look to the hills Black Thunder LouisB.Reynolds 376 ocr -c) L International Biography of Intellectuals Date 1— 0 0o :(1 co c 2 E 3 G u_ Jacob Justiss H M

I I I I I ■ I I I I I I I I

Authors/Writer Student Activity Sheet I Name Date I Directions: Complete the following crossword puzzle on page 378. Across Close friend of Arna Bontemps: Langston California college Arna Bontemps attended (abbrev) Jacob Justiss' major in college. Opposite of south. Field of study for writers is called Louis B. Reynolds served as chaplain at this hospital in the South. Special art form of writing is called Section of New York City where Black writers developed. Black magazine that Louis B. Reynolds served as editor. Title of Louis B. Reynolds' comprehensive book on Seventh-day Adventist history. State where Arna Bontemps grew up. i Arna Bontemps taught at this school in Tennessee where Louis B. Reynolds once attended as a student. Jacob Justiss and Louis B. Reynolds grew up in this state. Official magazine of the NAACP. Arna Bontemps' father left the South because of this reason. Sisters name who introduced Adventism to Jacob Justiss I Books, poems, stories -- literary works of lasting value. Down Jacob Justiss had a love for this. Arna Bontemp's major while in college. Louis B. Reynold's major while in college. School in Washington, DC, where Jacob Justiss served as principal. Last name of Bible worker who encouraged Louis Reynolds to attend Oakwood College. Jacob Justiss felt his sister was for keeping the Sabbath. I Arna felt that his African was lacking from his education. Last name of Louis B. Oral historian of African tribe is called a Arna Bontemps won the Alexander Puskin award for this poem. Black university in Washington, DC, that Jacob Justiss & Louis Reynolds attended. Television program Louis B. Reynolds served as script writer. U Another name for minister. Word that Negroes were often called. Jacob Justiss' book about Black Adventist history, Angels in I Most of Arna Bontemps books were classified as

A/W *** I **** 377 I

AUth0F8/WFitel8 Student Activity Sheet

Name Date I

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• A/W *** •••1z 378 I 111 AU t h0F8/W I' it e118 Il Student Activity Sheet Name Date II Creative Writing II Directions: Suppose you were going to write a book. Give some thought to a subject and a title you might choose. Present your ideas Ill to your class.

A/W **** 379 111 111 Student Activity Answer Keys Mill-elite Movement Il

Let's Discover (p.18) 111 1. Foy 2. White 3. Lewis 4. Bowles 5. Miller MM* Word Search (p. 19) Word Search (p. 20) 11

SANCTUARS yl LLEII;AiSVE` 111 TROV I DENC ( WI L L I ABE L ABCDEGH L 4SLAHEOLL iS\T B OS (T\O •/Ps L ORBLWS(kRI OH LN P I V VHI TCOF A II L X D A A T GA L ENTHRRHF DMN o u Q R S UM ECLI AEI 'C)0 s M I VI (J- N 0 T C e s -Ryi EH TI S UORL 13 AJCE IA CO LLHVHZDTM L FRGHP M R OT M AL PA\NyTCLL END I WL( LL E NWHITE OTMOCMDOT PESRQ T PONMD ETUVYQEMO I RS P U__± IOND SONHOJ J NC EBAMB R TYPAVZ OLTAF RI CT II AOS IW E LNHO,.)V BOCEAFHDF CWEL I L EDLTY I MM** HLq_vl ILLERITE_ EEP ✓ NICILOTS I 43,/}G H 14J NKL KT II MM *** II

111 380 I I (Student Activity Answer Keys I C. M. pinny

I Matching Questions (p. 34)

I _E__ 1. _L 2. _NL 3. I 4. _A_ 5. I 6. _C_ 7. I G 8. _K_ 9. 13_10. I M 11. I CMK *'" I I Complete the Statements (p. 35) J. N. Loughborough. 0 They had left the South to get away from being told what to do. They wanted to be a long way away from the scenes of their former slavery. U Nevada Tract Society. Ordained Black Seventh-day Adventist minister. Black Seventh-day Adventist evangelism. I Ordained as a Seventh-day Adventist minister at the Southern Region camp meeting. I Ellen G. White. Fourth oldest Black Seventh-day Adventist church. I Regional or Black conference. I CMK **'i.?' I **** 381 I (Student Activity Answer Keys Morning Star

The Morning Star Word Search (p. 38)

k ORN I N GS A u E ZRX U T E (F M G T M N P TCLN H R I J Al A E B S I CKSBU Nis** GOSPELPRI ME (LI TTLEJOHIRSN

Coded Message (p. 41)

The Morning Star docks at Vicksburg Mississippi. Many people come to the boat for services.

MS *** ****

382 Student Activity Answer Iceys Morning Star

Trail of the Morning Star (pp. 39, 40) 1. Battle Creek 2. Allegan 3. Saugatuck 4. Douglas 5. Chicago 6. St. Louis 7. Cairo 8. Memphis 9. Vicksburg

MS** *** **** 383 student Activity An8wer Key8 North American Regional' Department

Fill in the Blanks (p. 64 ) 1909 Colored J.W. Christian G. E. Peters, NORTH AMERICAN INFORMANT W. H. Green Geneva Ryan, medical 9. Regional 900 Oakwood, Huntsville 10. Singleton, Fordham, Banfield NARDC Regional- Conferences Fill In The Missing Letters (p. 63) Lake Region Northeastern Allegheny East Allegheny West South Atlantic Southeastern South Central Southwestern Central States Bermuda

NARDC

Key to all Map Skills (pp. 65,68, and 69)

(Refer to the map on page 47 for the information for the Regional Conference map activities.)

NARDC *** ****

384 Student Activity Answer Keys Oakwood College

Complete the Sentences (p. 92 ) Anna Knight laundry, broom factory, farm 360 60 nurse Space and Rocket Center plantation James L. Moran India one oc ** Fill in the Blanks (p. 93) 1. Huntsville 8. cabins, buildings, well 15. Andrew Jackson 2. space and rocket northern 16. ministers, teachers, 3. oak Black nurses 4. The Morning Star school 11. A Samuel Rashford 17. middle 5. $8,000 James L. Moran 18. morning, evening 6. 360, Mr. Beasily 6 19. archives 7. slave plantation 16 20. home planning and gardening; agriculture, masonry & carpentry

Crossword Puzzle (pp. 94, 95) Across Down 1. Reaves oak 1. rain no near nose 2. err ski am 34. risk 3. Samuel ink to 40. knap 4. north 29. Jackson ire 42. PI 6. me slaves smear 43. up 7. top Black Moran stove 9. so 35. midday you cow 10. acre 41. POW cap 48. rut 11. RA 44. PUC 17. PT 49. Oakwood 15. plantation work 19. ear schools 16. joy thin 21. LA ant 18. star 50. atm 23. Huntsville monkey 20. AL 27. AP songster 22. APO 28. AJY

385 (Student Activity Answer Keys Pine Forge Academy

Crossword (p. 102)

Across Down Wagner Pennsylvania underground Moran nine character remodeled Bermuda Kimbrough Gill distance Institute Manatawny gym ninety Mills PFA *** Riverside Hospital- **** Word Scramble (p.113) Directions: Unscramble the letters to discover the answers. Druillard 5. Rucker 9. Dent Nashville 6. Cottages 10. Ford Hydrotherapy 7. General Conference Twenty-Six 8. Integration

MATCHING Directions: Arrange the events in the proper order. 1935 Riverside given to General Conference 1940 1981 Womack Rucker becomes administrator 1948 1927 Riverside established 1972 1972 Second modern building built 1981 1983 Riverside closed 1983 1976 Professional medical suite built 1935 1939 Carl Dent joins staff 1976 1948 First modern building built 1927 RH ** *** **** 386 student Activity Answer Keys ■ Hadley Hospital- (p. 108) I Directions: Read the words at the bottom of the page, locate them and circle. I El- R E_AT ME NTS 0 A B Z C L L 10 I K OLCEL_EDI CA R S F T PkiP E I r4T SCOUT CA Hi& 01-11H- LYZMPR I 0 I S WArTWUI D AllV1L- PEDUKKEPV I U I I SL TAqICBES M TTIE TDHI G J S B I A CLM ,(0\L K F I I . I.J..AW)-- E}OENPQ0 A I 1/ASHI N G TO__\1)U R WS XT R U V Z X N I UDLEV_PNPRT I D C F KCCDOC -1_, O 0 I BQtiEPUTA TI 0 ..\,0 E G J HMLOQS U V I A PA AT I E NJDX W

I Washington Patients Doctor Henry Reputation Medical Mission Sarah I Southwest Elliot Columbia Union Suzuki Nurses Tuttle Hospital Hadley I Dudley Law Treatment

I HH ***

387 Student Activity Answer Keys Gospel- Herald (p. 125) Huntsville, Alabama. Sept.—Oct., 1923; XVII; 9. J. A. Tucker. Spoke to members during the meetings, held an Oakwood rally. Louisville, Louisiana-Mississippi, Arkansas, and Georgia. (Answers will vary) GH *** **** Message Magazine

Word Search (p. 123) The man with a message, is the man we want to hear. ME**

388 I Student Activity Answer Keys I Religion I (p. 188) Coded Message (p. 189) (6) Joseph Laurence "And this gospel of the kingdom I (10) Joseph Laurence shall be preached in all the world for (1) George Earle a witness unto all nations; and then I (9) C. D. Brooks shall the end come." (2) C. E. Bradford (Matthew 24:14) I (4) Walter Fordham (3) George Peters REL ** (7) Harold Singleton (8) Charles Willis (5) F. L. Peterson ■ REL ** Matching Information (p. 190) John J. Beale: 4, 10, 15, 18, 24, 32, 34 ■ Calvin E. Moseley: 3, 5, 6, 16, 23, 26, 28, 30 Clarence T. Richards: 2, 11, 12 14, 17, 20, 21, 31 Eugene E. Rogers: 1, 7, 8, 13, 19, 22, 27, 33, 35 REL ** ****

1 ■ 389 I Student Activity Answer Neys Education Word Search (p. 218)

OR D) CANN MT MSDPOMN C! WRT EPyC HE R F BA N K S JHDY K E S ED Word Search (p. 220)

Directions: There are 14 words here. Can you find them? Circle each one. The words to look for are below.

CF E F R N P S H A R E R O P P E JGDQYM TR EU QJ VC XF J Z UK V X GOF A 0 Y ZRT X U J GE P B K S P JU DXCYU GK D q EMMJ SI U E ASLXKQU YF TMCFUY R CN APACSTZ X I F P P Q Z Z S A I THWI HTAQ M RKBSRWTUU 0 L CU S EZII A YVM U UCT FQZRGI KO DY IUS I Z TWWSJ Y HWMQBO Y BA WCCY TEJTYFVU YYZDZ I H MMWUPFF SCO J AKV

ED ** 390 student Activity An$wer Key8 Education Word Search (p. 221) AA E S OZ UEVUEXV PDI RHQYNT V P L L S T C X J ROFUONONC A BO_)H X ZYS R A CL QPHCK MT CBHVQOD F ECT U U OZPEOI YPVTGXAZI A AD MUSGWRE T I T WATH R AE I C C B G UJ KWHCVNUSCCT H AN W N E F P L WL WC. PMIWTWS FV I D E Y F E KRE , i1gVWK WEI T G RRQ LA QS WVO A X U B G B D E J PUS OM PORZ P I H H D S Y Q P SVGICVR i I EU GRET P I i RJ DE GV AR G WB WGJQ Y NUJ 0 WGL CDY EYJ MQRN A BRRVBK R HEEXFVECE L YAX ZLVAZUGCYI I UNA SGZ GTDKYWXUHL CXPFX R T Q TBQZ XL VAL H N O F D L Y X XMLAHPWWGBHKGXYD A. U SE Y HOGUOFOWV I DK YS P O H MSF UJTARCQJT_IKXAY I F R S ET Y L TT UCL ACJIDI PX DEH K A N N G X T K DP F ASK DCTX I NBFHXD I VK COEDB CRC UNHHZJY IZBQ M YVMOT RHO \/PkE LO OR OE B X J DM ZD Y Z M I X N U

ED **IZ Crossword Puzzle (p. 222)

Across Down Knight Baldwin Edwards Banks Ford Harris Burrell Dykes Millet Griffiths

ED*7".r,t" ****

391 I Student Activity Answer Keys I Education Word Search (p. 223) I

STSL OTO ZUEVUEXV PDI R H 0 Y TRGGH L PLL SUNK C X J ROFUONONT U G V JHZLUI G I ZYSSUGL C L OPHCK MT CB H V Q DJUJ 0 T F ECTQJI X X DOZPEOI YP VT G X A I K I 01 CA C A D E M'Y)W Y J KMUSGWRETI T W RI FT Y I RUAE I I CC AB UJKWHCVN U SC Y WPHL K G KI YCOKB I L J XV CZ NFVM I DE YG T REWABV W K V V I GA Q GE 0 R QLA GA 0 OA 0 UB GB L J OMGS RZCP P X D EBHS G CV I EUKAT I R RJ CCRD WTWBGVVGA WGJ UJ OZOK Y T TYJ AEXWK MQRN A ARV BKFJ RP B I L YAX T L VA ZUGS I ONAR X GZG E YWXUH A OYP CXPFXSR K Y RTQM XL VA HY MO F DLY J L I X ML WW BHKG S DLKBS RM E LGPI YH F 0 WV I DKYSD ZZ H F WN MI XPD I ARCO T I K X A Y T Y YE RP J YOZOI T I N X RAJ DI PXVTJ LJ WO EH CA L HBVGXT DPFCAHYVVU NJ HSK H WS A CTX I NBF XDHXHVK CO D WLRC ZJ I SH I 1 RUSB WPMJJ FOE ZI E NMVUE D CI K Y UL 0 R BXJDMZD ZMI X\N/U E H H I SM L WV H MNT CL PWP Z EJ M WJ H I WQSO WY MOKGRGUY w0 X V WA M B I S S I S S I PP N F MLXMSKI PK OAI ORFHHKYS K B I T YKNX GP V T UTO ER DH A K EO RAM M

Academy Adventist Anna Bale Calcutta College Corresponded I Cotton Knight Nurse Sharecropper Oxcart Mississippi Missionary India Struggle Teacher Thrifty I ED **** I I I 392 I II O Student Activity Answer Neys Missionairies II Making Words (p. 239) 111 M - Maxim, I - Indonesia, S - South Africa, S - Simons, I - Ivory Coast, 1 0 - Owen Troy, N - Norman, A - Abney, R - Richards, - Islands of the Caribbean , E - Edgecombe, S - Sierra Leon (Answers will vary) II MIS * 111 Crossword Puzzle (p. 240) II Across Down 111 1. Sierra Leon 1. Ivory Coast 2. Zaire 2. Kenya 111 3. Abney 3. Beirut 4. Canoe 4. Nigeria 111 5. Burundi 5. Brazil 6. Liberia 6. Norman 7. Battle II 8. Branch I MIS **

111

II 393

II (Student Activity Answer Neys Hearth/Nutrition Word Challenge (p. 264) PEDIATRIC NEUROSURGEON ped tied drape surgeon run nor diet iced trap surge runner nun tide aide red urge genes sure tie pie pert goose gone noon tired cite diaper rug soon rogue ride cited tic snore green ore pride dear tape son noose rung tried read raid ogre gnu sooner eat aid tea gun urn rose paid card cried user goes seen dart trade tar snug neuron sun ice rat price sue sour err rate priced tarp our nose rouse dare part are nurse or neon pit ear pat genus sore go tear pear pare so eon none tripe rice carp no guru reap dirt ride trace crate care edit ape drip H/N ** Acronyms (p. 267)

Talent - gift, natural ability; aptitude Hope - faith; trust; reliance; belief; expect; desire Insight - wisdom; knowledge; perception; discernment Nice - good; kind Knowledge - wisdom; learning; intelligence Books - printed pages; volume; sources; compilations In-depth learning - concentration God - Jehovah; Yahweh; Supreme Being; Jesus Christ H/N *** (Answers may vary) 394 U ■ student Activity Answer Keys ■ Health/Nutrition Dial-A-Word Code (p. 265) school — 724665 nurse — 68773 I future — 388873 mission — 6477466 boys — 2697 work — 9675 I money — 66639 people — 736756 girls — 44757 library — 5427279 control — 2668765 talent — 825368 I teacher — 8322437 class — 25277 doctor— 362867 think — 84465 student 7883368 career— 227337 God — 463 study — 78839 food — 3663 nutritionist — 688748466478 I dietician — 343842426 dairy — 32479 natural — 6288725 weight — 934448 health — 432584 vitamins — 84826467 H/N

I Matching Columns (p. 266) Directions: Match the person on the left with the phrase on the right. D 1. E K

F 5. A 6. C 7. I H 8. B 9. G 10. J 1 1 .

H/N

I 395 I Student Activity Answer Keys 9-feat-thAutrition Crossword Puzzle (pp. 268, 269) Across Down I California 9. Health Hungry 10. Clinic Minister 11. Honor I 12. OH Pneumonia 13. Inn Ireland 14. Ignorant I Patient Hospital 15. War Teacher H/N ***

Vocabulary Building (p. 270) delicate - fragile; requiring careful treatment neurosurgeon - doctor who operates on the brain and nerves career - profession for which one trains discipline - training that corrects; punishment; self-control I infringe - encroach; interrupt; trespass temper- passion; disposition; to bring to a suitable state I Proverb- wise saying; book of the Bible (Old Testament) reflected - considered; realized; influenced; deflected obviously - most assuredly; easily understood I inspiration- motivation; a new look on life; influence racism - doctrine or belief that one race is superior to another marketable - sellable; able to be sold; of great value belief- religious persuasion; conviction; opinion mysterious- unrevealed information; beyond explanation I restoration - the giving back of life; beauty; health, etc. atheist- one who does not believe in God; unbeliever insight- discernment; penetration; seeing into a situation talent - gift; natural ability; natural endowment of a person Siamese twins -relating to Siam or Thailand; connected together at birth I inner city - metropolitan area; heavily populated part of a city

H/N *** I

I 396 111 Student Activity Answer Keys 111 Health/Nutrition I Be a Brain Specialist (p. 263) I

I Cerebellum

Medula

I Label each part of the brain as indicated by the lines. I

Fill in the blank with the correct word. II

The cerebellum is located at the lower back of the head. Without this part of the ill brain, you would not be able to walk, run, write or play ball.

The medula controls the activities of the internal organs including breathing, heart action and movements of the digestive system. II

The cerebrum controls many thought processes including memory and II learning and many of the voluntary movements. It is divided into two halves—each controls the opposite side of the body. II H/N ***

397 Student Activity Answer Keys 111 Communication Crossword Puzzle (p. 283) Across Down 1. Medley 7. Experience 2. Breath 8. Elder 3. Denise 9. Ionia 111 4. Life 10. Press Circle I Keyboard COM

II DeWitt Williams Word Scramble (p. 284) Pennsylvania 6. Swahili II Graduate 7. French Margaret Norman 8. Lingala II Book 9. Communication Languages 10. DeWitt Williams 111 com** IL Geometry Puzzle (p. 285) MESSAGE: He was successful in getting the Breath of Life telecast on the air in South Bend, Indiana. I Matching (p. 286) 1.B 7.H 2. F 8. C 3.J 9. D L 10. G I 11. E K 12. A 111

398 111

Student Activity Answer Keys Communication

Word Search (p. 287)

UCW R IT INWO L 1. Book RAMHSUO M A L 2. Radio F L E M A 3. Telephone TEEU Q I C 4. Words CANG E L I 5. Telegraph E V I T A D 6. Talking 0 M 0 7. Writing I A F I 8. Letter A EAR R 9. Satellite I E X I N A E 10. Periodicals R G R U E L 1 11. Newspaper OBM VEST 12. Anchorwoman /MC H G P W 0 ADBH N R DFIJ I H C A M S M P Q R U W T TSAE RWEAB

399 Student Activity Answer Keys ■ Musicians Musical Notes (p. 310) Directions: Fill in the missing letters of the musician's name by locating the letters on the keyboard. I WALTER ARTIES ALMA BLACKMON INEZ BOOTH ALLEN FOSTER SHELTON KILBY I ELEANOR WRIGHT ALYNE DUMAS LEE EURYDICE OSTERMAN I WINTLEY PHIPPS I mu** U Colded Message (p. 311)

Directions: Use the numbers on the keys to complete the coded I message. MUSIC IS A UNIVERSAL LANGUAGE. VOCAL OR INSTRUMENTAL WE CAN PRAISE GOD IN OUR MUSIC. I

I mu *** **** U

■ ■

400 Student Activity Answer Keys Musicians

■ Word Search (p. 212)

J I M NN ALP H ANNK EADB I AC D U GHKM N LOPJ CFE QA4B CUD V YWZ J K I 1 L F M HN OJ N HL TEnCRTI S VS OMP ■ WYLAGHBTIC J KF GRQ AH TB ICE_OD J ELM FKG RWS XTY I NUORPV AB\WECq\--10MKC L O G P UB I El M QRD A ZP L MNYTS ()FA U ZES H E L TO OT ZJ E V U U MSF YSR LYN RCR U YH L R LT GDUV AHC L J VD LBY NEX BGB E KD I C S WGEL L G KM I YOL N Y U WP 0 V H AFMM BS AF LG N PVA A TB kS VDH YFZG I A I OB J PCKQD FRGNH

I mu*** **** ■ ■ 401 I (Student Activity Answer Keys Science/Space Complete Statements (p. 327) awards early education NASA I Robert Ronnie Oakwood inside I San Bernadino national physics electrical I Alabama engineer counselor religious I elementary Solution: AEROSPACE ENGINEER Sc' ** I *** **** 1 Word Categories (p. 329) A cardiac animals C oxygen orbit C formulas I missile A heart planet species genus astronaut C elements missies A blood rocket I C equations explore A disease mammal A muscles zoology weightless- A drugs C organic protozoa ness I SCI * 'a*** I

Complete Statements (p. 330) Director 11. ESP I Professor 12. MVSU Washington 13. degree I Ph.D. 14. success bachelor 15. IRS I He 16. choice Bio 17. heroes educator 18. goals I ions 19. OB science 20. Rhode Island University I sa *** 402 **** I I Student Activity Answer Keys Science/Space Categorize Words (p. 328) I Birds Girls' Names Fruit Trees Boys' Names I Screech owl Sonya Strawberry Sassafras Samuel S Shrike Sharon Spruce Simon Sherri Sugar Pine Seth 1 Cock Carmen Cherry Chestnut Chad C Crane Cathy Currant Cherry Charles I Chickadee Cindy Cranberry Cockspur Chris Irene Ivan I Imogene ■ Ida Emerald Ella Eastern pine Ernest E Eagle Erica Elm Eugene I Eider Ellen Eucalyptus Nuthatch Nancy Nectarine Northern cedar Noah N Nina Nutmeg Noel I Nona Nectarine T Toucan Thelma Tangerine Tallow Theodore Thrush Tammy Temple orange Tyrone I Tanager Tricia Tangelos I Iris Ironwood Isadore I Inez Ichabod Irma Shoveler ■ S Scarecrow Sue Strawberries Sweet gum Sherman Swallow Soma Soapberry Stanton Stark Sarah Sycamore I T Titmouse Trina Tomato Tamarind Tom Tree sparrow Tina Tillman Tomasa I (Answers may vary) I Sc' c*

I ■ 403 student Activity Answer Neys Government/Law Making Words (p. 344)

SOCIAL SECURITY ADMINISTRATOR cure suit minister minute trait crane moss tame send raid mend raisin train rusty coat (Answers will vary) G/L

Coded Message (p. 345)

THERE ARE MANY GOOD PEOPLE IN OUR GOVERNMENT GL

404

Student Activity Answer Keys Armed Forces 111 Matching Information (p. 358)

1 Barry Black a. Leonard Johnson c. Herman Kibble d. Joseph Powell b. I AFB

Matching Information (p. 360) 111 Barry Black Herman Kibble c, f, h, n, q, t b, d, j, m, o, v

Leonard Johnson Joseph Powell a, k, I, s, u, w, x e,g,i,p,r AF

I 405 Student Activity Answer Keys Armed Forces Word Association (p. 361) A army, air force, artillery, AWOL, aviation R rifle, rank, ravage, regiment, retreat M medic, marines, military, marching, militia, missile engineer, equipment, ensign, espionage drill, defense, detachment, deserter, discharge, draft

F furlough, fleet, fort, fighter, file, fortification officers, official, offense, order, ordinance, outfit R recruit, ration, region, reprieve, rescue C civilian, corps, colonel, captain, corporal, commander entrench, evacuate, explode, explosive, enlist scout, service, signal, squadron, seaman

C court martial, combat, command, charge, civil helicopter, helmet, hospital, harbor A admiral, anchor, allies, aerial, airplane patrol, police, port, prisoner, punishment L lieutenant, legion, law A academy, aeronautics, armistice, align I infantry, invasion, intelligence navy, nuclear, navigate, negotiate sailor, soldier, siege, spy, sails

AF *** ****

406

,tudent Activity Answer Keys ■ Authors /Writers Book, Title, Author (p. 376)

111 B, D, H, J, L Arna Bontemps C, F, M Jacob Justiss A, E, G, I, K Louis B. Reynolds II A/W 'in:3 fl** Crossword Puzzle (pp. 377, 378)

Across Down 111 Hughes 1. teaching PUC 2. English 3. history 3. theology II north 4. Dupont Park journalism 5. Dobbins 6. Riverside crazy II calligraphy 7. heritage Harlem 8. Reynolds Il9. MESSAGE 9. griot We Have Tomorrow 10. "Their Turn" California 11. Howard Fisk 12. Breath of Life 1 13. Ohio 13. pastor 14. CRISIS 14. colored 15. racism EBONY 111 16. Valerie novels literature 111 A/W *** ****

111

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