VO LUME 1 7 PART 5

NO RTH AMERICAN FLORA

(POALE S)

POACEAE (pars)

ALBERT SPEAR Hmcncocx

PUBLISHE D BY

THE N EW YORK BOTAN ICAL GARDEN

M AY 1 7 , 1 935

ART 5 1 935 355 P , 1 POACEAE

Y E AE - Tribe 6 . O R Z . e e e fe l flo wered Spik l ts p r ct , , disarticulating b elo w

the glume s and falling e ntire ; stam ens m o stly 6 . I n Oryza and L eersia the

e e are o o e e e the e o r w spik l ts str ngly c mpr ss d lat rally , glum s small anting . The o ther gen era are place d in the same trib e te ntative ly tho ugh they are n ot clo se ly all ie d to the type ge nus Oryza .

Spikelets in panicles ; awn s if present not tangled at the extremities .

l . Spike ets very flat ; glumes small , awnless , or wanting 8 1 Z A . Glum es present . . ORY 2 8 . A Glumes wanting . L EERSI .

u d d . Spikelets not conspic ousl y flattene ; glumes present , awne 83 A H m . C A N A . A wn of glumes ter inal . L E

bifi . 4 N I Awn from a d apex 8 . R E Y AUD A . l d d a nd d Spikele ts in a cy in ric spike ; awns long , slen er , spirally implicate tangle 85 TR P S TO C H A TA . at the ex tremities . . E E

RYZ . 3 3 3 . 1 7 5 3 . 8 1 . O A L Sp . Pl .

A l or n a o k nnua sometimes pere nial swamp gr sses , ften tall , with flat bl ades , and spi elets in l -flo wered i e . S open pan cl s pikelets , laterall y compressed , disarticul ating below the glumes ;

m 2 r 3 - o glu es , much sho ter than the lemma , narrow ; lemma rigid , keeled , nerved , s metimes a to m idnerve awned ; p lea simi lar the lemma , narrower , keeled , but with no on the back ,

- 2 n erved cl ose to the margins .

0 . sativa L . Typ e species ,

— Plants annual ; spikelets 7 1 0 m m . long .

Plants pe rennial .

Spikelets about 9 mm . long .

Spikelets about 5 mm . long .

z . . . 3 3 3 . 1 7 5 3 . 1 . O ry a s ativa L Sp Pl

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r a sat va . ubr barb s . de . . . 1 : 7 6 . 1 8 1 3 . d O yz i var r i z Desv . Jour Bot Desv I I (Type cultivate in North

America . ) b 2 1 d tiv r u r 57 7 . 1 8 . . sa . rub ibar bis . Oryza r br iba is Steud . Nom . Bot . Phan . (Base on O a var Desv )

s ti a . a stata . i . S r H . 1 1 : 296 . 1 850. de Oryza a v var ri A R ch in ag a , ist Cuba (Type from Vuelta

Abajo , Cuba . )

O sat va . sava n n ae n . . . H a n db . Getreid . l : 233 236 . 1 885 . ryza i var Kor in Korn Wern , (Type from

S . avannah , Georgia )

n u to or h . Erect an ual p a meter more in eight ; blades flat , as much as cm wide ; panicles - flo wered o 7 rather compact , many , dr oping when large or heavy with fruit ; spikelets oblong , — ' 2 . lo n le m m 1 0 . e 3 a mm long ; glum s mm g ; hard , ridged by the lateral nerves , more or less

l al . hisp idu ous , the awn variable , sever centimeters long or wanting

hi ia li ia LO C A L I TY : H Ae t o co tur I n d e aludosis . TYPE abitat forte in p , in p D I S TR I B UTI O N : Cultivated throughout tropical a n d war m temperate regions at low altitudes a nd d d d more or less persistent in fields itches . The native species from which cultivate rice originate d d d a nd i is not known with certainty . There are wil forms foun in In ia China wh ch appear to be the difi‘ prototype of rice or a degenerated form arising from rice which has gone wild . Such form s er u l d d - d a n d d chiefly in habit , the c m often ecumbent . wi e sprea ing rooting at the no es .

I TR A TIO N : . S . . . 1 22 . L L US Bull U . Dep Agr

2 . O z e e o e h e h . 1 9 7 . 1 7 94 . ry a p r nnis M nc , M t

o 1- 2 7—1 4 Perennial ; culms erect , glabr us , rather slender , meters tall ; blades elongate , mm . 1 5—20 o r k wide ; panicle narrow , cm . long , the branches ascending appressed ; spi elets about 9 i awn 7 —1 0 mm . long , the t p of the lemma and palea purple , the purplish , cm . long .

A ITY : d TYPE LO C L Cultivate in the botanical garden at Marburg . D I TR I B IO N S UT : S a nd a nd H . wamps wet places , Cuba ispaniola ; also in Brazil : I d the NOTE have accepte the name of this species on authority of Chevalier , who has investi d the d n o f a d . . . gate cultivate species Oryza their allies (Recherches sur les riz spontané s . Rev Bot

A . . . 1 2 : l02 7 . t d W ht 3838 a nd E km a n p l Agr Trop Chevalier ci es un er this species . rig " I 7 1 5 sub ube ns O . c is . . nom . Concerning the Cuban specimens Dr Ekman states , I t is not a d a nd be e n d d d wee has never foun among cultivate rice . It grows in pinelan swamps far from human d é de L de d . wellings , as , for instance , in Ci naga anier , Isla Pinos , where rice has never been cultivate

I a e d d d . I t is , re pe t it , absolutely out of the qu stion that it coul be an escape form of the cultivate rice ”

sal va . . S . I t is , moreover , perennial , not annual , as O . i The following specimens are in the U 356 NORT H A M ER I C A N FL OR A [VO L UM E 1 7

I le rba iu m : A : de l E km a n 1 9 23 H tchco ck 2 32 7 5 . National r CUB Pinar Rio , in ; i Without locality G : d e l W i h 3 83 8 . I sle E km a n 1 201 4 . SA , [probabl y Pinar Rio] , r g t of Pines . NTO DOMI N O Guerra E km a n 1 33 49 .

1 8 1 3 . 1 : 7 7 . O z fo e . o . de B o t. e v . I I . 3 . ry a lati lia D s v J ur D s

3 64 . 1 83 0. . a a h la S . S . S . . 7 : 1 Ory z pl ty p yl chultes , in R yst Veg (Type from Colombia ) - 2 i F 1 8 1 d 0 . a i o . l t ol D 11 . 1 . . 2 : 7 . 7 . a sativa . a z ia O Oryz var f , in Mart Bras ( Base on l t f lia Desv )

1 — 2 Perennial ; culms erect , glabrous , mostly meters tall ; sheaths glabrous , the margins at

summit pr olonged , sometimes slightl y auriculate , the collar cil iate , puberulent on the inner

- — 1 2 . surface ; l igule often lacerate , pubes cent on the surface , cil iate fringed , mm long ; bl ades — — flat , rather prominentl y several nerved , scabrous on both surfaces , the lower long attenuate — 3 0 60 . toward base the upper rounded at base acute or acuminate at apex , cm long , or the , , — 5 20 3 0 . o upper onl y 1 cm . long , usuall y 1 cm . wide ; panicle Open , cm long , the axis scabr us , — u 1 0 20 . the branches ascendin g or s reading naked below scabro s , cm long , the lowermost p , , , f —6 in verticils o 3 , the bases pubescent ; spikelets appressed along the main branches or along on short appressed branchlets , strongl y compressed , oblong , strongl y scabrous the margins an d

1 . 5 . 2 . nerves , about mm long , about mm wide ; glumes equal , mm long ; lemma roughened

- — m u 1 3 . with close set minute papillae , the awn mostl y cm long ; palea as long as the lemma ,

cro na te .

TYPE LOC A LITY : Porto Rico .

: S d an d a n d the di i . DISTRIBUTION wamps , itches , wet places , Guatemala West In es to Braz l

ev t. 4 . A : R . . I LLUSTR TION Kunth , Gram p

E E W . Pro dr . 2 1 . 1 7 88 82 . L RSIA S

H o m ocen ch us M ie H e lv . 4 ; 307 . 1 7 60. d d al r g . Acta Name rejecte un er the International Rules

ha s or zo ides L . (Type species . P lari y )

E n do dia . N e o . 4 . 1825 . L ee sia len icul s . Raf g (Type species , r t ari Michx ) 2 0 ( L ee s v al A lexia . . . S 2 0. 1 83 . a i p Raf Bull Bot eringe Type species , r i rg a; probably a misprint for

v in ca . L . irg i )

Perennial grasses , usuall y with creeping rhizomes , with flat , scabrous blades and open i l - panicles , the spikelets nearl y sessile along one side of the branchlets . Sp kelets flowered ,

strongl y compressed laterall y , disarticulating from the pedicel ; glumes wanting ; lemma char

taceous o - S— , br ad , oblong , boat shaped , usuall y nerved , the lateral pair of nerves close to the

- margins , these and the keel often hispid cil iate , the intermediate nerves sometimes faint ; palea

o 3 - - as long as the lemma , much narr wer , usuall y nerved , the keel usuall y hispid ciliate , the o lateral nerves cl se to the margins , the margins firml y held b y the margins of the lemma ;

stamens si x or fewer .

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Phala is or zozdes . Type species , r y L

d — 3 4 . d S . 1 . L . lent cula is . pikelets broa ly oval , mm wi e i r

2 . d . Spikelets elliptic , not more than mm wi e d d . 2 L hexa ndr a . Panicle narrow , the branches ascen ing or appresse . . d Panicle open , the capillary branches finally Sprea ing . Rhizomes present ; culms more or less decumbent at base ; spikelets strongly d — 3 5 . . hispi ulous , mm long - a n h i — br c e s fas c ic le d s ke 1e ts 5 . L 2 . d . 3 . L r z d o o i es . ower panicle ; p mm long , mm wi e . y — - 3 . L 1 . d . 4 L v . . in tea . ower panicle branches solitary ; spikelets mm long , mm wi e irg - d Rhizomes wanting ; culms erect ; spikelets glabrous or short hispi ulous , 2 mm . long . u 2 L ig le mostly less than mm . long . — d 1 2 . Spikelets mm . long ; bla es cm . wide

S 2 . d d . pikelets mm long ; bla es about 5 mm . wi e — L 4 1 0 . . igule prominent , mm long

1 PI. B r . . ee e i r h . o . 1 : 3 9 1 L rsia l nt cula is Mic x Am . 8 03 .

s e la lent cu a is Beau v . A ro st . 2 1 53 . 1 8 1 2 . d L ee sia lent cula is A pr l i l r g , ( Base on r i r Michx . )

a n ia lent cul is . B e auv . A ro st . 1 82 . 1 8 1 2 d Z iz i ar Michx ; g . (Name onl y ; oubtless error for L eers i a len cul ti aris Michx .)

L ee s ia ovat . L a m . . S . 3 : 3 29 . 1 8 13 . r a Poir in Encyc uppl (Type from North America . ) A s e l 2 2 1 1 d vata . S . S . . : 67 . 8 7 . L ee si ovat pr l a o R yst Veg ( Base on r a a Poir . ) H o m a n h lo ce c us lent cula is . . 7 7 7 . 1 89 1 . d L ee s a len t cula s r i r Kuntze , Rev Gen ( Base on r i i ri M ichx . ) H o m to c - a enchr us vata . . 7 7 7 . 1 89 1 . d L ee s v t a o a . o Kuntze , Rev Gen (B ase on r i a Poir ) E n dod enticular is . . . I n d . . l : 840 L ee s a len cula is Raf ; B D Jackson , Kew , as synonym of r i ti r Michx . l égg A T 5 1 935 7 P R , ] POACEA E 3 5

1—2 Culms erect or decumbent at base , meters tall , glabrous , branching , the branches - o appressed , the nodes appressed pubescen t , the rhizomes several , str ng , horizontally creeping ,

with close nodes ; sheaths retrorsely scabrous , or some of them glabrous , the collar and base

of blade pubescent , the margins at summit projecting upward as a tooth or lobe ; ligule a rather — 1 . firm truncate pubescent membrane mm long ; blades flat , scabrous on the surfaces and i very scabrous on the marg n , the under surface sometimes pubescent , narro wed or rounded at lm - — in m idcu 20 3 0 . 2 1 . base , acum ate at apex , those of the mostl y cm long , cm wide , the upper — o 1 0 20 . and those of the branches shorter and narrower ; panicles pen , cm long , those of the

branches smaller , the axis glabrous or more or less scabrous , the branches rather distant , spread in ta 2 3 g , sol i ry or the lowermost or together , somewhat scabrous , naked on the lower half ,

more or less p ubescent about the base or sometimes on the angles and on the axis , the lower — o 5 1 0 cm . long or sometimes l nger ; spikelets closel y imbricate o n the branches of the second 1— of on 2 . order ( the first order small panicles) , these branchlets cm long , bearing as many as i 1 6 k 5 . ffl n spi elets , the sp kelets nearl y circul ar , about mm long , very flat , sti y ciliate o the r i ma g ns (keels) and sparsel y so on the nerves , sometimes minutel y scabrous on the surface , the f sti f hairs of the margins with minute hairs at base ; lemma about 3 mm . wide , the inter

1 . 1 mediate nerves about mm from the margin ; palea about mm . wide ; stamens 2 ; caryopsis i o 1 . . flat , as long as the sp kelet , ab ut mm wide

TYPE LOC ALI TY : Illinois . : Lo w d “ d a nd S d DISTRIBUTION woo s in moist places , In iana outh Carolina to Minnesota , Flori a , a nd eas tern Texas .

A : . . . . . A ro st . 7 : . 7 4 I LLUSTR TION Bull U S Dep Agr g f .

2 x ee he an dr W . Pro dr . 2 1 . 1 . . L rsia a S 7 88

A o 2 1 53 1 12 . d L ee x n e a hexa nd ra B e a uv . h r s r st . . 8 sia e a d a w . A pr ll g , (Base on r S ) L ee si m ex c n H 1 9 8 1 . K . . . S . 1 : 5 . 1 6 . . r a i a a B . Nov Gen p (Type from Mexico ) 2 1 A s e m e c n a . 2 S . S . : 67 . 8 1 7 . d L ee s a m e ca na H . . . pr lla x i a R . yst Veg (Base on r i xi B K ) L ee s a con t a ct A 16 2 r o st . . 5 . 1 8 9 . . r i r a Nees , g Bras (Type from Brazil ) - 2 L eers a l i ata illd i . M em . d . St . Pé tersb . . 5 : 1 7 2 L . m e can g ; Tr n Aca VI , as synonym of x i a lil gpé l szg 2 1 87 1 d L ee sia hexandra w . a hexa ndra o . . . 2 : 1 0. . S Oryz D ll , in Mart F l Bras ( Base on r ) 2 m e c n a D6 11 . PI. . 2 : 1 0. 1 87 1 . d L ee s a m e ca n a Oryza x i a , in Mart Bras (Base on r i xi '

L ee sia Go uim i u . C ra m . 2 . 1 886 . . r Fo rn Mex . Pl . (Type from Veracruz , Mexico ) '

H o m alo cench us o u m . . 1 9 1 . L o uin i . G i i . 7 7 7 8 d ee s a G i r Kuntze , Rev Gen (Base on r i Fourn )

H om lo cen ch us hexan dr us 7 7 7 1 89 1 d L ee hexan dr a Sw . K . . . . sia. a r untze , Rev Gen ( Base on r ) 1 2 1 1 1 . 1 0 299 . 19 . L ee s a dub a . A c h . 9 : es . . 10 R e ert . S . r i i F r Preg Eugenies Resa Bot 5 . ; p p Nov d (Type from Ecua or . )

ul - o sea C ms erect or long decumbent and rooting at base , slender , glabrous or s mewhat o o —1 br us , especiall y below the n des , branching , meter or more tall , the nodes appressed pubescent ; sheaths more or less retrorsel y scabrous , the summit extending upward on each

o side int a prominent firm lobe , t he collar glabrous ; l igule rather firm , extending between the — i roll d 2 7 . n e lobes of the sheath , shorter in the center , mm long ; blades flat or somewhat , ascend

stifi o 1 5 . as ing or erect , rather , somewhat scabr us , mostl y less than cm long , sometimes much — 30 . 2 7 . as 1 5 . as cm , mm wide , sometimes much as mm ; panicles contracted , sometimes rather 4—1 5 o o so dense , erect , cm . l ng , the axis glabr us or nearl y , the branches ascending or appressed , — o a 2 3 fio rifero 4 . t s lit ry or or together , us nearl y to base , 1 cm long ; spikele s often purple , more

s a - - or le s imbric te , sometimes overlap ping one hal f , oblong elliptic , acute , somewhat falcate ,

ifil . st 5 . y ciliate on the margins , rather thick al o ng the center , about mm long , mm wide , so metim es the margins somewhat incurved making the spikelet narrower ; lemma sometimes a 6 sc brous on the sides , the lemma and palea often more or less gaping ; stamens , the anthers

3 . o o 2 . . mm long ; cary psis blong , mm long

A Y : TYPE LOC LIT Jamaica . : d d d DISTR IBUTION Marshes , itches , bor ers of pon s , often in water . sometimes as much as a m d d d a nd a . a nd d eter ee p . common in rice fiel s , North Carolina to Flori a e stern Texas southwar at

d d a n to A a nd . low alti tu es through the West In ies d Mexico Argentina : also in frica , Asia , Australia

n v . t. I . Re . A : . . S . . . A ro st . 7 : . 7 5 l( i I LLUSTR TIONS Bull U Dep Agr g f : un , C ram p 358 NORT H A M ER IC A N F L ORA [VOLUM E 1 7

i w Pr dr . 2 1 . 1 7 88 . e e or z o des . S . o 3 . L rsia y ( L ) 1 3 5 5 . 1 7 5 . h a r zo d S . P . P a l ri s o y i es L . p

5 2 1 7 7 d ha a is or so ides L . H . . . l : . 6 . H om alo cen cli r us oryzo ides Poll . ist Pl Palat ( Base on P l r y )

h l or zo des L . E hr ha r tia cla n des n a W i . . H o lsa t . 64 . 1 7 80. d a a is i ti Weber ; iggers , Pr m Fl ( Base on P r y ) - d ha s or zo des . 1 : 1 67 . 1 7 9 1 . L A sperella ory zn ides L a m . Tab . E ncyc . ( Base on P lari y i )

8 1 d ha a s o r zo ides . v 2 1 53 . 1 2 . L e r zo ide Be a u A r o s t . A spr ll a o y s . g . ( Base on P l ri y ) 2 5 1 7 1 as L . or z ides M em . d . S t . Pé tersb . . : L eers a as e im W d . . i p rr a ill ; Trin Aca VI , synonym of y o 1 840 Swartz . .

d hr hart a c a ndes i n a . d . 1 : 7 99 . 1 864 . s E i t B r . . . Oryza cla ndes i n a A . ; Aschers Fl Bran (Ba e on l t Web )

1 1 1 89 7 . i B n itz . . LI o n a ts . 5 : 2 . a cla ndestin e i n c usa \V esb . ae Oryz forma l ; , Dents Bot (Type from H ungary . ) 9 5 1 1 8 . 1 03 . r L ee s i or zo ides . l b . . h d : , r a y f g a ra A A Eaton , R o ora (Type from Newbu yport

M assachusetts . )

ha la or zo des . F 1 6 : 1 42 . 1 906 . d s i L a n . Oryza ory zo ides Dalla Torre S r t . Tirol ( Base on P ri y ) — L ee i r in c us DOrfl . H . . S d . . 55 5 6 . 1 64 . 1 9 1 5 . a d rs a o y zo ides f . l a erb Norm ebe Cent ( B se on

n c us W ie s . Ory za clan destin e f . i l a b )

7 5 1 5 0 . t Culms erect or decumbent at base , gl abrous , cm all , branching , the branches ubem l en t ascending , the nodes pubescent ; sheaths retrorsel y scabrous , the collar p , the margins prolonged into short lobes at summit ; ligule a truncate membrane about 1 m m . long ; blades i u flat , scabrous , very scabrous on the marg ns , retrorsel y so toward the narrowed or ro nded — — 1 0 20 . 5 1 2 . e o e base , acuminate at apex , cm long , mm wide ; panicl s pen (small panicl s often

1 0—2 0 i e inclosed in the sheaths) , cm . long , the a x s more or less scabrous , the branch s spreading , o scabrous , somewhat distant , solitary or the lower sometimes cr wded or verticillate , somewhat — i r 1 20 . pubescent at base , naked on the lower third o half , 0 cm long ; sp kelets imbricate (not so u f closel y as in L . lentic ta ris) on the appressed or ascending branches o the seco nd o rder , mostl y

4—7 - ffl i together ; spikelets very flat , oblo ng elliptic , sti y cil iate on the marg n s (keels) , scabrous — 4 5 mm . . . o on the sides , long , mm wide ; lemm a mm wide , the in termediate nerves ab ut i 3 fi t . r mm . from the margin ; palea about mm w de ; stamens ; ca yopsis oblong , a , about

2 m m . long .

TYPE LOC A LI TY : Virginia . I : d d a n d r d a n d DISTR B UTION Fresh water marshes , bor ers of pon s , lakes , ivers , in itches wet m d d d a a nd a d r d places . often for ing ense zones aroun pon s , Quebec to W shington , southw r to Flo i a n a d California ; also in Europe .

A ro st . l . 4 . 2 . . . . A o t . 2 : A B a v . 0 . U. . . : e u S r s . 3 5 . S ILLUSTR TIONS g p , f ; Bull U Dep Agr g f ; Bull Dep 2 . 1 3 . Agr 7 7 2 : f .

ee i l . . PI. 1 : 3 2 5 . 1 7 9 7 4 . L rsia v rgin ica Wil d Sp

’ ' 2 1 5 3 1 8 1 2 . d ee si z r r s e a z ir in ica . A r o st . . L a. i i zica d A pr ll g Beauy g , ( Base on r g Will . )

L m b c t . a m . 3 : 3 2 8 1 3 . e S . 9 . 1 . e rs ia i ri a a Poir in L . Encyc uppl (Type from Carolina )

l m br . . . 2 : 2 6 1 8 1 s e ca a 8: S . S 8 . 7 . a d L ee s m b t A pr l a i i t R yst Veg ( B se on r ia i ri ca a Poir . )

L v . 220. 1 3 ee s a a a . S 8 0. r L . ni r i irg t Raf Bull Bot eringe ( Probably e ror for virg i ca . )

H om o ce z hrus vi in cus u . . . d . 9 : 1 4 . 1 889 d L ee s a vi n c rg i B tton , Trans N Y Aca . ( Base on r i rg i i a $illé g

D . I n d . . l 1 2 A lexi v a . B . 6 L ee si n a : i ca . 1 893 . p irg ta Raf ; Jackson , Kew , as synonym of r a virg i i I nd . 1 2 A lex ia v n ca . . . . : 6 L r ee s a t i in ica . 1 893 . p irg i i Raf ; B D Jackson , Kew I , as synonym of r i g

a l Culms slender , rather we k or lax , erect or usual y decumbent and sometimes rooting a t — 5 0 1 5 0 c m . a r base , branching , glabrous , t ll , the nodes pubescent o someti mes rather strongl y

hi al barbed , the r zomes numerous , ver y sc y , the scales closel y imbricate ; sheaths gl abrous o r

- stifi i in sparsel y retrorse pilose , the hairs slender but , the summ t extend g into two rather promi o l t n — 1 nent lateral lobes , the c llar glabrous ; ligu e hin , gl abrous , tru cate , somewhat dentate ,

mm . o r o h long ; blades flat , thin , lax , more less scabr us , often p ubescent especiall y beneat , some o o t 1 0 what scabr us on the margins , narr wed at base , acuminate at apex , usuall y less han cm . 1 — o 5 . 2 7 . as 1 3 long , s metimes as much as cm , mostl y mm wide , sometimes much as mm . ; — 1 0 1 5 . anicles o en usuall y as 3 0 . p p , cm long , sometimes as much cm , the axis slender , glabrous a 5 as . at least below , the branches usuall y finally widel y spreading , sol itary , dist nt as much cm , e e more or l ss scabrous , naked below , the panicl s smaller on the branches of the cul m ; spikelets t 5—1 0 appressed along ascending or appressed branches of the second order , mos l y together , t o r ; i i o n t sligh ly not at all imbricate sp kelets th n , straight on the palea side , semielliptic the o her , i i the keel of the lemma ncurved , the sp kelet appearing much narrower than when spread out ,

- — 3 4 . i scabrous or scabrous pubescent on the keel s and sides , mm long , about mm . w de when f 2 m m . l lattened ; stamens ; caryopsis oblong , long , nearl y fi ling the spik elet . A RT 5 1 935 P , ] POACEAE 359

M E LOC A LITY : North America . R rB UTIO N o w a n D IST : L d d , Q S a nd d d woo s wet places uebec to outh Dakota , southwar to Flori a and eastern Texas .

R ev . 201 A : . l . . . S . A ro s t . 7 z . 7 ILLUSTR TIONS Kunth , Gram p ; Bull U Dep . Agr . g f 7 .

r difl or o 5 . e e an a P o o eh B . ot A h . 1 : 2 1 9 L rsia g ( D ll) r d l , rc . 1 92 2 .

r n i or 6 1 2 D 1 . m o n an d . a d a . a . 2 9 . 1 8 7 Oryza ra var g fi . in Mart Fl Br s ; 1 .

lo cenchm r a ndi or us H . . H om a s . S . . H . 1 2 7 7 1 9 13 . g fl itchc Contr U Nat erb : 3 . ( Based on Oryza

a ndi ora DO11 . m o n an dra var . gr fi )

or Culms erect , sol itary few in a tuft , glabrous or sparsel y and minutely pilose (moredense — l the 1 2 be ow nodes) usuall y meters tall , without rhizomes , the nodes puberulent ; sheaths

- overlapping , rather sparsel y retrorse pilose , the margins at summit extending into acute lobes — 2 3 m m . long , the collar glabrous or nearl y so ; l igule a truncate or concave membrane extending

between the lobes of the sheath ; blades flat , scabrous or nearl y glabrous , sometimes sparsely 1 5— pilose , scabrous on the margins , nar rowed at base , sharpl y acuminate at apex , 30 cm . long — — 5 1 8 m m . 1 5 3 0 (the upper shorter) , wide ; panicle very open , cm . long , the axis slender , glabrous o r so nearl y , the branches solitar y , distant , finall y widel y spreading , very slender , as much as

1 5 . o cm long , the Spikelets toward the extremities on sh rt appressed branches of the second i i— order with zigzag rachises ; sp kelets sl ightl y convex on the palea side , sem ovate on the lemma

side , thickish and rather coriaceous , strongl y to weakl y or sparsel y scabrous or entirely glabrous , 2 - o o o . mm . l ng ; stamens ; cary psis oval blong , about mm long .

A : d R e n ell TYPE LOC LI TY Cal as , Brazil ( g : S d a n d d diu ud u DISTRIBUTION ha y banks bor ers of streams , at me m altit es , Tama lipas to Yuca tan ; Briti sh H ondur as ; Costa Rica to Panama ; also in Brazil .

d L . ov t . F o um ie am 2 . C r . . NOTE : This species was referre to a a Poir by r ( Mex Pl .

. o w . Pr r 2 1 1 7 6 Leersia m nan dra S od . . 88 .

s e m o n d a B eauv . A ost . 2 153 . 1 8 1 2 . d L ee sia m na nd a n r a Sw . A pr lla r g , ( Base on r o r ) m n k 1 22 n tde c . 3 : 1 2 . 8 . . P as palu cube se Spreng . Neue E (Type from Cuba ) - 2 L ee si s e i . M é m . d . St . Pé tersb . . 5 : 1 68 as L . m on n d a Sw . r a a p ra Nees ; Tr n Aca VI , synonym of a r

1 840.

a m on a nd a . . a . 9 . 1 87 1 . d L ee s a m n an d SW . Oryz r Doll , in Mart Fl Br s (Base on r i o ra )

H m a lo cench us m omm drus . . 7 7 7 . 1 89 1 . d L ee s a m on a nd a Sw . o r Kuntze , Rev Gen (Base on r i r ) — o o 40 1 00 . o Cul ms cespit se , erect , with ut rhizomes , slender , cm tall , the n des puberulent ; a i she ths overlapping , glabrous , faintl y scaberulous , or retrorsel y pilose , the marg ns at the sum

2 . u 3 mit extending upward into na rrow lobes mm long , the collar puber lent ; ligule about mm . o long ; blades flat or sometimes loosel y inv lute , sl igh tl y scaberulous , glabrous on the margins ,

- — — 1 0 20 1 5 . na rrowed at the base , lo ng acuminate at apex , erect or ascending , cm . long , mm — 5 1 5 . o o wide , rarel y more , the uppermost smaller ; pan icles Open , cm l ng , the axis glabr us , the — — i k 3 8 . branches very slender , spreading , sol itar y , distant , long na ed below , cm long ; sp kelets

- cro wded on short appressed often zigzag branches of the seco nd order , glabrous , semi ovate or

- a i . ne rl y sem circular , somewhat thickish and cartilaginous , acutish , about mm long , the

1 mm . intermediate nerves faint or obsolete ; stamen ; caryopsis . l ong

TYPE LOC A LI TY : Jamaica . : dr d an d d and DISTRIB UTION Open y woo s prairie , mostly on limestone soil , southern Flori a u a nd d an d so thern Texas (Corpus Christi southwar ) , eastern Mexico , the Greater Antilles ; also in a northern South Americ .

7 8 . R . . . A rost 7 : . ILLUST ATION : Bull . U . S Dep Agr g f

2 - 40. e e li l s . M em . . St. Pé tersb. V I . 5 : 1 68 . 1 8 7 . L rsia gu ari Trin Acad

H om alo cen ch us li ular is . Gen . 7 7 7 . 1 89 1 . d L ee s li ularis . r g Kuntze , Rev (Base on r ia g Trin )

l o Cu ms erect , without rh iz mes , gl abrous excep t below the puberulent nodes , solitary or 1—2 the rather few in a tuft , meters tall ; sheaths overlapping , glabrous except around the collar ,

margins of the summit extending upward as acuminate lobes about 5 mm . long ; ligule extending 1 be tween the lobes and above them for as much as 5 mm . the l igule thus being as much as

cm . long ; blades flat , or folded , elongate , scabrous beneath , scabrous and more or less short

- — 30 . 5 1 0 . pilose on the u pper surface , long acuminate at apex , as much as cm long , mm w ide ; — o o h o 20 3 0 . panicle blong , s mew at pen , cm long , the axis somewhat scabrous , the branches 360 N ORT H A M ER IC A N F L ORA [VOL UM E 1 7

1 0 . l ascending , very slender , as much as cm long , the spike ets borne on short branches of the

ra nd flora a L . second order ; spikelets somewhat imbric te , not so closel y set as in g i , and the rachises not so strongl y zigzag , often pur ple , scabrous , a little co nvex on the pal ea side , semi

d . 2 a . . elliptic o n the lemma si e , mm long ; stamens ; c ryopsis oval , mm long

O C A L I T\ : . TYPE L Near Jalapa . Veracruz d : y d an d i ic in itx a n O i . DISTRIBUTION Rock hills , open rocky woo s r ch open soil , of Jalapa r zaba

u x . Veracr z , Me ico

C P C 2 2 1 . 8 . 866 83 . ACHLAE N A Gr iseb . at . l . ub .

i S Perenn ial grass with fla t blades and term nal panicles . pikelets jointed with the pedicel , d a w at isarticulating at maturity , the b se narro ed to a pointed stipe or callus minutel y barbed

r o the bas e or point ; fi st glume subulate , extending in t a slender awn ; second glume nar row , m somewhat indurate , nar rowed into a slender awn ; sterile le ma empty , rather hard , shorter

m nl t n al l than the second glu e , aw ess ; fer ile lemma rather t hi , hy ine , awn ess , acuminate , abou t i as long as the sterile lemma , the palea l ke the glumes but shorter

- i t sta h r i e . A . o c G s b Ty pe species , p p ya

I. . 2 2 1 . i h i . C . C Achl aen a tostac a Gr seb P 9 . 866 1 . p p y at ub

' - 1 A . W 9 2 . 1 4 hro n t tu S . . d 8 : 1 5 88 . A rt pogo stipi a s H ack . itz ber ka ien

F 1 — r r N . . 1 7 : 1 4 1 . A th o o on This species is described ea rlier in this Flora ( Am . as p g

A chla en-a a r isebach H stipita tus . The genus was ssigned by G and by ackel to the tribe O RY Z E A E TR I T I N E A A rthr o on I think it belongs in the tribe S E G E after op g (a Braz il ian genus) .

RE YN A DIA h R v . . U é 1 95 . l. . 1 84 . 0. Kunt , Gram p 9 83

filif r m Slender tufted perenn ial with o blades and contracted panicles . Spikelets art iculated e o with the pedicel ; glum s keeled , str ngly nerved , awned from between the lob es of the bifi d

m — s in apex ; sterile lem a awn tipped from the bilobed egments ; fertile lemma th , shorter th an t he

so m etirhes i sterile lemma , strongl y compressed , keeled , the top of the keel extended as a m nute 2 l i l mucro , with pairs of obscure l ateral nerves ; ferti e lemma th n , nerveless ; pa ea O; car yopsi s

flat , oblong , the embryo on the side next the fertile lemma . i or m e R . t is Ku . Type speci s , fi f nth ’ This genus g oes more properl y in H ackel s tribe TRI STE GI N E A E (see pages 1 42

1 R di s filiformi h Rev . . e n au a 1 95 . y Kunt , Gram . 1 83 0.

iti or m i v . 1 o o n S . R é . 95 as s 1 830. P ly p go j f preng ; Kunth , Gram , synonym . ' be n z n cu S H . 1 1 : 3 1 3 1 o s s . . . 850. Polypog A Rich in agra , ist Cuba (Type from Cuba . )

i u f in 1 - 1 5—40 . l Perenn al ; c lms tu ted , slender , erect or ascen d g , noded , cm ta l , the nodes

e m m u r l bearded ; sh aths glabrous , p ilose on each side at su it ; lig le very sho t , ci iate ; blades in fil ifo r m a — f 2 1 0 . volute , slender or , glabrous , pilose ne r b ase , the basal tu t cm long , the single

- — — culm blade 1 3 . ; t i i 3 6 cm long panicle erect , con racted or sp kel ke , rather densel y flowered , — . s 1 . 2 4 cm long , the branches glabrous , appre sed , about cm long , bearing spikelets ; first glume — 2 . - 3 . al mm long , the second mm long , ilose ong the margin bot h strongl y 3 5 p , nerved , the — awns 5 8 . ; i m u t i mm long ster le lem a a l ittle longer than the second gl me , rather h n , the outer i the d n l ti pair of nerves dist nct , interme iate pair showi g on y at the p , the awn ve ry short ;

c 3 . m fertile lemma a ute , mm long ; stig as purp le .

A : TYPE I .OC LITY Santo Domingo . I : D r i m DI STR UTION y th c ets , p ne barrens . pa barrens , open round an d savann as uba B i k l g , , C m i a an d H n . Ja a c , ispa iola

R A : u R ev . m . l 9 ILLUST TION K n th , Gra p . .

85 . STRE PTO CHAE TA h . A ee r o st. . 5 Sc rad ; N s , g Bras 36 . 1 8 2 9 .

n i l wi an d — Erect peren a s th broad blades dense nar row spikes . Spik elets l flo wer ed terete , , disarticul ating below the glum es ; empty bractl ets (probabl y glumes an d sterile lemmas 4 much ) , A RT 5 1 935 P , 1 POA CEA E 3 61

i m shorter that the sp kelet , more or less toothed ; le ma coriaceous , graduall y narrowed in to a awn bifid long much contorted ; palea shorter than the lemma , nearly to the base , coriaceous ; l 3 inn er bracts (lodicu es) , less coriaceous than t he lemma , longer than the palea , imbricate ; 6 o 1 stamens , m nadelphous , the tube about as long as the lemma ; style , as long as the stamen

3 . tube , the slender stigmas The long contorted awns are impl icate , remaining attached at the k apex of the axis , the spi elets hanging down .

S . s icata Sc . Typ e species , p hrad O R YZ A An anomalous genus , placed in the tribe E E for convenience .

S d 1 4 . 1 . S . Sodiro an pikelets , exclu ing awns , about mm long a .

d 2 2 . . 2 S . pikelets , exclu ing awns , about mm long S . spi cata .

ir haet Sod oan a . O esterr . B . Z i 1 . Stre to c a ot e ts . 40 : 1 1 3 . 1 p Hack 890.

5 Culms erect or more or less spreading , as much as mm . thick at base , glabrous , often i o t 60—1 20 root ng at the lower nodes , s l i ary or few in a loose tuft from a knotty crown , cm . tall ; a o 2 3 n she ths glabr us , the first or bladeless, the others wide and tru cate at the summit , the i o or marg ns forming a t oth lobe , or sometimes Sloping upward , the center extending into a

as 1 . stipe simul ating a petiole much as cm long , the summit and stipe densel y fim br ia te with

n o r s flexuo us fim br ia te s stout brow more le s hairs , the collar and l igule also ; blade elliptic or - o o c elliptic oblo ng , flat , rather thick , narr wed bel w but s arcel y petioled (the apparent petiole i of be ng a part the sheath and the rather long collar) , the apex rather abruptl y acuminate , the o o o surface and margins glabr us (somewhat scabrous at apex) , s mewhat r ughened by the cross 5—30 — 1 . 7 5 . veinlets between the numerous longitudinal veins , usuall y cm long and cm wide , l v the uppermost and lowermost sometimes smaller , the fu l y de eloped blades on a culm usually 3—5 , t he upper leaves reduced to a few imbricate bladeless sheaths ; spike erect or somewhat — i 1 5 25 . o nodd ng , cm l ng , the axis strongl y angled , pilose especially just below the spikelets

1 . u 1 4 (these about mm apart on the axis) ; spikelets sessile , brown or tawny at mat rity , about

1 . mm . long (excluding awn) the bractlets at base about mm long , toothed or bifurcate ; lemma — o o 5 1 0 . glabr us , bscurel y nerved , the awn cm long , puberulent , the lower par t straight or some

fi exuo u r ifi flexuous s o b d 1 . what , the upper part strongl y spirally coiled ; palea about cm long ,

c le . the p rongs ac uminate ; lodi u s nerved toward apex , bluntish

TYPE LOCA LI TY : Ecuador . d H d : d . DISTR IBUTION Wet forest at low altitu es , on uras to Panama ; also in Ecua or

2 Stre tochaeta h . ee A rost. . 5 3 7 . 1 829 . . p spicata Sc rad ; N s , g Bras

- L e de l m M em . d n St . Pé tersb . VI . 1 : 93 . 1 830. pi i e a la cifolium Trin . Aca .

l 3 . Cu ms erect or ascending , branching and Spreading above , about mm thick at base , — o 5 0 1 00 . ta n glabr us , cm ll ; sheaths glabrous , the lower bladeless , the summit tru cate , the o ma rgins so mewhat extended as a t oth , sometimes sloping , slightl y extended in the middle as a

fim bria te short stipe to the blade , the summit and stipe on the margin ; ligule nearl y obsolete ,

o -o the region and also the collar pubescent ; blades vate blong , rounded at base , acute at apex ,

- — o i 8 1 5 . glabr us , the margins scabrous toward apex , cross veinlets prom nent , mostl y cm long — — o 20 6 . k 1 0 20 . (s metimes cm wide ; spi e cm long , the axis angled , puberulent , the

1 . s 2 2 . t spikelets as much as cm apart ; spikelet , excluding awns , about mm long ; bractle s at

s o f 3 . ba e spikelet strongl y nerved , unequal in length , the longer ones mm long ; lemma rather

S odiroa na . prominentl y nerved ; lodicules acute ; spikelets otherwise about as in S .

' Difle rs iro na S . Sod a from in the more slender , branching culms , smaller and more numerous

m t . blades , and the larger spikelets ore dis ant on the less villous rachis

TYPE LOC A LI TY : Brazil .

I : d an d d d a nd d d a n d Bra Z Il . D STR IB UTION Dry or moist woo s , Panama Trini a , southwar to Ecua or 3 A : . 1 c . l . 2 96 297 . . . 2 : l . 5 6 . I LLUSTR TIONS Trin p , ; Mart Fl Bras p

- Z ZAN IE AE . e e l flo we re d e the e Trib e 6a . I Spik l ts , unis xual , pistillat t ere te o r n e arly so ; glum e s o bsol ete o r w anting ( present in Pharus ) ; p edice ls

o r u e e e disarticulating b elo w the spik el ets . A q uatic s baq uatic grass s ( xc pt 362 NORT H A M ERIC A N FLORA [VOLUM E 1 7

I the ke to e o n e 7 7 7 8 h e O R Y ZE A E . Pham s) . n y trib s pag s and t is is includ d in

he th e e are e whe e I n Z IZA N I E A E as here distinguis d e spik l ts unis xual , r as in

O R Y ZE A E they are p erfect .

d B ades much on er than w e . l l g i 0 Culms robust ; plants tall ; staminate a nd pis tIlla te s pI kele tS borne I n the same

panicle . d i Pistillate spikelets at the en s , the stam nate below on the same branches

of the pan c e . i l 0 s d i i Pistillate spikelets on the a cen ng upper branches , the stam nate on the spreading lower branches of the panicle . Culms slender ; plants low ; staminate an d pistillate spi kelets borne I n separate

in flo re sc en c e s .

88 . L UZIO L A . Inflores cence a panicle ; plants stoloniferous .

- 89 . H Y DR O C H L O A . Inflorescence a few flo were d spike ; plants not stoloniferous . — 90. PH AR US . d 2 4 . d . Bla es elliptic , cm wi e

2 2 : 1 2 P I o h . o . . . 86 . ZIZAN IO S S D ll Asc ; D ll , in Mart Fl Bras 1 8 7 1

o fla t Robust perennial marsh grasses , with stout creeping rhiz mes , broad blades , and l -flo we re d large open panicles . Spikelets unisexual , , disarticulating from the pedicel , mixed on f 7 - the same branches o the panicle , the staminate below ; gl umes wanting ; lemma nerved , Short

3 - 6 r awned in the pistillate spikelets ; palea nerved ; stamens ; styles rather long , united ; ca yopsis

. obovate , free , coriaceous , smooth and shining , beaked with the persistent style

Zi ania m icrostach a N B . Type species , z y ees (of razil)

h . o . . . Ziz io sis m iliacea M h . o 1 . an p ( ic x ) D ll Asc ; D ll , in Mart Fl Bras 2 2 : 1 3 . 1 8 7 1 .

4 1 : 7 . 1 803 . Ziza n ia m iliacea Michx . Fl . Bor . Am .

1 o Culms stout , erect , glabrous , meters tall ; sheaths glabr us , the margin extending

oo 8 . upward o n each side at the summit as a t th as much as mm long ; l igule thin , extending be tween the teeth of the sheath and above them , rounded , as much as cm . long ; blades fi t o elongate , a , glabrous beneath , scabrous on the upper surface t ward the margins and toward — on 1 2 the apex , very scabrous the margin , about as wide at the base as the sheath , mostl y

i as 5 0 . cm . wide above ; panicle large and open , nodding or droop ng , as much cm long , the axis

o a of a angled , scabr us , villous at the b se the lower branches , the branches , at le st the lower , fi exuou somewhat verticillate , ascending , distan t , s , very scabrous , the sp ikelets borne on f — o o 4 6 . branches the third rder ; staminate spikelets mm long , the lemma and palea equal , i acute , th n ; p istillate sp ikelets about as long as the staminate , but narrower , the lemma short

3 . . awned ; caryopsis about mm long , oblong , terete , the style persistent

TYPE LOC ALITY : North America . : w d a n d d an d d DISTRIBUTION I n ater of pon s , marshes , itches , in wet places , Marylan to Okla d d d a n a nd . homa , southwar to Flori a eastern Texas 2 A : 7 7 2 : . 1 24 . . . 2 l 3 ILLUSTR TIONS Bull . U . S . Dep . Agr . f ; Mart Fl Bras : p .

8 7 . ZIZ N I 99 1 . 1 7 5 3 . A A L . Sp . Pl .

or i the Tall annual perennial aquatic grasses , with flat blades and large term nal panicles , i lower branches (in our species) spread ng , bearing the pendulous staminate spikelets , the upper i branches ascending , at maturity erect , bearing appressed pistillate sp kelets , the staminate

. S Spikelets early deciduous , the pistillate spikelets tardil y deciduous pikelets unisexual , l -flowered o 5 - , disarticulating fr m the pedicel ; glumes obsolete or wanting ; lemma nerved ,

- o - membranaceous , l inear , acuminate or awn p inted ; palea about as long as the glume , 3 nerved ; 6 stamens ; pistillate spikelet terete , angled at maturity ; glumes obsolete , represented by a t 3- ridge below the lemma ; lemma char aceous , nerved , tapering into a long slender awn ; palea 2- o e i 2 nerved , cl s l y cl asped by the lemma ; grain cyl ndric , as much as cm . long . I n the perennial A RT 5 1 935 P , ] POACEA E

Z . lati olia Gr ise b S Asia tic species ( f ( ) tapf) the upper branches are pistillate , the middle and r n l lowe bra ches pisti late above and staminate below , all branches ascending .

ica Z . a uat L . T ype Species , q

. 1 , . . a ua ti Plants annual erect Z q ca . - d s . ants perenn a , ong ecumbent at ba e 2 . . e n Pl i l l Z t x a a .

1 . Ziz n . . P . 9 9 1 a ia aqu atica L Sp l . 1 7 5 3 .

5 . 1 80 n clavulo sa . . . . 1 : 7 3 . Z iza i a Michx Fl Bor Am (Type from North America . )

H . . 1 : 25 2 . 1 2 H dro r um esculentu m L 8 7 . A y py ink , ort Berol (Type from North merica . )

S t a a n u a a L . S d . . . e d . 2 , 2 : 642 H dro m m escu entum 1 ip g l t ; teu Nom Bot , as synonym of y py l L ink . 84 1 . 5 2 n e a s . L . So c . 6 ; . ua c a . 1 862 Z iz ia j a Munro , Jour inn , as synonym of Z aq ti a L .

M idl . . 4 : 2 14 . 1 9 1 5 C erato chaete a u c L une ll . . d an a a ua c q ati a , Am Nat (Base on Z iz i q ti a L . )

i a n a u ca . n te o , h d 26 : 1 5 8 . 1924 . A Z z ia q ati var i ri r Fassett R o ora (Type from rmstrong , Iowa . )

d B i tto n ia l : 8 2 . 193 1 . d i an ia in e o . r . a ua ca . n e o Z z t ri r Ry b ( Base on Z q ti var i t ri r Fassett . )

c l l — Plant annual ; u ms erect , robust , glabrous except the puberu ent nodes , mostly 3 o meters tall ; sheaths glabr us , puberulen t on a triangular area each side of collar and on the

of l o 1 . inside at base the blade ; l igu e glabr us , acute , cm long ; blades elongate , the lower a a i gradu lly narrowed at b se to about the w dth of the sheath , graduall y acuminate at apex ,

o r r on 7 . glabrous nearly so on the su faces , scabrous the margins , as much as cm wide ; pan icles

60 . i as much as cm long , the axis glabrous , the lower (staminate) branches finall y w del y spread — — 1 0 1 5 . ing , cm long , verticillate , puberulent or hispidulous in the axils ; pistillate spikelets 1 2 o 3— 7 . cm . long , ridged , more or less scabr us , the awn very scabrous , cm long ; grain cylindric , i — o n as 5 1 0 . br w , about as long t he sp kelet ; staminate spikelets thin , mm long , the lemma

- short awn ed .

A : . d TYPE LOC LITY Virgin ia [ Jamaica , also ci te , is erroneous] : a n d d d an d d DISTRIB UTION Marshes bor ers of pon s , lakes , rivers , exten ing into brackish water the a n d d d a nd along coast , Quebec to North Dakota , southwar to Flori a , Louisiana , Kansas .

Annual wild rice .

A : . . S . . . 7 72 : . 1 25 . alust s . . S . . . A 1 ILLUSTR TIONS Bull U Dep Agr f (Z p ri ) ; Bull U Dep Agr gros t . 7 f . 409 .

n . n i i H . d 8 : 2 10. 1906 . i a n a ust s Ziza ia aquatica var a gust fol a itchc Rho ora Z z ia p l ri L Mant .

M elin um alust e H an db . 1 : 96 . 1 2 295 . 1 7 7 1 . . L 8 9 . s d ( Type from North America ) p r ink , ( Ba e d on Ziza n ia pa lustri s L . ) Culms usually not more than meters tall ; bla es usually not more than

i d . : 1 . d . A : cm w e TYPE LOC LI TY Belgra e , Maine DISTRI BUTION Marshes . Quebec to North Dakota , an d d d a n d . d . southwar to Massachusetts , In iana , Nebraska Northern wil rice

2 Z z e n . o . h . . 23 : 454 . 1 933 . . i an ia t xa a H itchc J ur Was Acad

u - 1 Plant perennial ; c l ms comparativel y slender , long decumbent and rooting at base ,

meters long (or even as much as 3 meters) , the lower part with leaves often floating on the — t u 5 1 0 . water , the upper par erect ; sheaths striate ; l ig le membranaceous , acute , mm long ;

- in 3 13 . blades elongate , flat , glabrous , Slightly scabrous on the marg s , mm wide ( mostly less — — i 20 30 . 1 1 5 20 . than the uppermost blade cm long ; pan cle erect , narrow , mostl y cm — a i 5 1 0 . long , the lower (st m nate) branches ascending or somewhat spreading , slender , cm o 3 o oo - i long , in ab ut wh rls , w ll y v llous at the base ; upper branches (pistillate) appressed stami — t a t 7 8 . . n te spikele s mm long , about mm wide , abruptl y acute ; pistillate spikele s about

1 . 1 . o n cm long , mm wide , terete , sulcate , scabrous the ridges , gradually narrowed into a very — a u flexuo us 1 2 . o . sc bro s, somewhat awn cm l ng

A : San S lveus TYPE LOC LI TY In running water , Marcos River , Texas ( i DISTR IB UTION : Known only from the type locality . 1 1 43 I LLUSTR A TION : H itchc . Man . f . .

2 : 63 7 . 1 7 9 . . e . . . L ZI LA . en . P1. 3 3 . 8 88 . U O Juss G ; J F Gm l Syst N at

1 7 9 1 .

l Perennial , creeping , low or delicate grasses , with narrow , f at blades and terminal and axil

l -flo wered the lary panicles . Spikelets unisexual , , disarticulating from pedicel , the staminate and pis tillate flowers in se parate panicles on the same plant ; glumes wanting ; lemma and palea b u - 6 a o t equal , thin , several to many nerved , lanceolate or oblong ; stamens several to

a . stigm s long , plumose ; grain free , globose , smooth

n . G . L . e uvia a . Type species , p r J F mel 364 N ORT H A M ER I CAN FLORA [VOLUM E 1 7

d d . Blades less than 5 mm . wi e ; plants slen er

Pistillate spikelets 1 mm . long .

Pistillate spikelets 2 mm . long . — Pistillate spikelets 4 5 mm . long .

d . Blades as much as 2 cm . wi e ; plants stout

ziol racillim a P o o eh B o t. h . 1 : 24 1 . 1 9 2 2 1 . Lu a g r d l , Arc

40 . Culms cespitose from stolons or from decumbent bases , about cm tall ; sheaths striate , r glabrous or Slightl y roughened , the ma gins at summit extending in to a lobe at each side ; — 1 0—20 5 1 0 . l igule prominent , thin , mm long ; bl ades erect , exceeding the cul ms , scaberulous , — 4 - flo we red 2 3 . cm . long , mm . wide ; staminate panicle terminal , about cm long , rather few , the — — 6 7 . 6 spikelets lanceolate , mm long ; lemma and palea thin , several nerved ; stamens about ; — — w 5 8 . flo ered pistillate panicles terminal and axillary , ovoid , cm long , man y , open , the

i 1 . branches and branchlets Spreading ; Sp kelets mm long , at first pale , narrow , at maturit y nearly spheric , purple ; caryopsis globular , nearl y as long as the spikelet .

A : d n e TYPE LOC LITY Gua alajara , Jalisco ( Pri g l

DISTRIB UTION : Guadalajara ; also in Paraguay .

2 : 1 1 . Luziola e . . e . . . 63 7 . 7 9 2 . p ruvian a J F Gm l Syst N at — 20 40 . e o Culms slender , glabrous , erect or decumbent , cm tall , forming rhizom s or stol ns ;

i — fi a t 3 6 . e sheaths striate , glabrous ; ligule thin , prom nent , mm long ; blad s , l ax , somewhat — — — 2 4 . 0 . n 1 0 2 3 6 . scabrous , l i ear , cm long , mm wide ; panicles open , ovoid , cm long , the staminate terminal , the pistillate terminal and axillary , the branches short and spreading ; lemma of

— - k i 5 7 . 6 staminate sp kelets mm long , thin , several nerved ; stamens several ( pistillate spi e

2 . lets striate , pale , about mm long , ovoid at maturity , pointed ; caryopsis oval , finel y striate , about 1 mm . long .

T Y PE LOC A LITY : Peru . : de d a n d a nd id a nd L o DISTRIBUTION Bor rs of pon rivers , in wet places , Flor a (Pensacola) uisiana ( d vicinity of New Orleans) ; Cuba (Mor azo) ; Mexico ; Guatemala ; also from Colombia to Brazil ,

an d A in . Peru . rgent a '

7 2 : . 1 2 6 . . . . . 7 s . 2 l . 5 ILLUSTR ATIONS : Bull U S Dep Agr f ; Mart . Fl . Bra p

zi l i n i . Lu o a bah e s s e h . o . 3 . C U e . 1 2 : 2 4 . (St u d ) Hitc c ntr . S . N at . H rb 3 1 909 .

h a h n n ar oc lo ba ie sis S d . . . 5 . 1 854 C y teu Sy Gram . l F 1 . . . 5 84 . 1 0 L uz io a a laba m ens s C ha m . S S . 86 . C o n e cu h i p U (Type from Brookl yn , County . Alabama .) z v D O11 3 L u iola lo n i alvula . . s . 2 : 1 7 . 1 8 7 1 g , in Mart Fl Bra . (Type from Bahia , Brazil . ) i H L uziola s i a . 8: Po tr . . So c . . . 1 2 : 23 1 . 1 8 7 9 tr ta Bal Bull ist Nat Toulouse . (Type from Paraguay . ) l 07 1 L uz io a us la S . . L . So c . . 4 : 5 . 895 . S u p il Moore , Trans inn II (Type from anta C r z , Matto Grosso ,

Brazil . ) m e d z h n . n L u iola ba ie sis a ba s is . . 1 242 . 1 922 . d var la Pro oehl , Bot Arch ( Base on L uziola a laba m ens i s

C hapm . )

o t 1 5 . l Extensivel y stoloniferous , the flowering sho ts not more han cm ta l , mostl y less ; — 2 4 . i i blades mm wide , much exceeding the panicles ; panicles mostl y term nal , the stam nate - o w — fl ered 5 . l 4 6 . few ; staminate spikelets about mm long ; pistillate panic es cm long , the few

' stifl - 4— branches finall y spreading , with a few oblong l anceolate spikelets 5 m m . long ; lemma an d palea much exceeding the caryopsis .

A : . TYPE LOC LI TY Bahia , Brazil D I S TR I B TIO N a n . U I L d agoons banks of streams , southern Alabama ; Cuba ; Sa nto Domingo ; al so I n Brazi1 H — A : . So c . . . 4 . 2 L . So c . 4 . . 3 7 LLUSTR TIONS Bu l st at ou ouse , : l . I l i N T l f ; . 1 8 . Trans inn I I p , f

Luziol 2 4 . a S ruce an a e h . o p B nt ; D ll , in Mart . Fl . Bras . 2 : 1 8 . 1 87 1 .

e , , ; a o 30 Cul ms thick soft and spongy fre l y branching she ths br ad , as much as cm . long ; l as 3 . e as l igu e del icate , as much cm long ; blad s firm flat much as 5 0 cm . long and 2 cm de , , . wi , narrowed and folded toward the base stami nate panicles o en 1 0—1 5 ; p , cm . long ; Spikelets

5 . mm long ; stamens 6 ; pistillate panicles on Shorter branches the branches numerous a , , p A RT 5 1 93 5 P , ] POACE A E 3 65

reflexed 5 proximate on a short axis , finally ; Spikelets mm . long , acuminate ; fruit about 2 mm . l ong

TYPE LOC A LITY : Brazil (Spruce I : d a nd an d H DISTR B UTION Pon s , lagoons , quaking bogs , Cuba ispaniola ; also from Trini dad to Brazil .

Y H 89 H DRO C LO A Bea v . A r . u o st. 1 3 . 1 2 g 5 8 1 .

A slender , branching , aquatic grass , probabl y perennial , the leaves floating ; staminate flowers in a small few -flo wered terminal Spike ; pistillate flowers in few —flo wered spikes in the - w . S 1 flo ered n axils of the leaves p ikelets unisexual , , aw less , disarticulating from the pedicel ,

t 7 - the plan s monoecious ; glumes wanting ; staminate spikelets with a thin nerved lemma , a

2— 6 7 - — - nerved palea , and stamens ; pistillate spikelets with a thin nerved lemma and 4 7 nerved palea ; stigmas long and slender . niensis B v H . ca oli e au . Type species , r

1 hl e H droc oa ar o e B auv . A ro st. 1 3 2 . 5 1 65 1 8 . 1 1 2 y c lini n sis g , , 8

an uilan s . . . . 1 : 7 5 . 1 803 . ( d L Z iz ia fl Michx Fl Bor Am The publishe locality , ake Champlain , is an M h . d S . C . ic a ux . H drochlo a error The type specimen in icates Charleston , , ) Not y fi uil a ns

H ar tm . 1 8 19 .

1 3 6 1 8 1 - n ns B e a v A ro t . 2 n a u s . Bo se Tr in M a a a . . : é m . d . t . Pé te s Z iz i t Michx ; g , name only ; ; . Aca S r b . 5 2 1 6 H dr hlo a o n en B a : 8 oc a c sis e u v . 1 840 VI . , as synonym of y r li i . (The name is misspelled d 2 2 7 n n ul n d . . e : 99 . Ziza ia a s in Steu Nom . Bot . . l r en i 3 1 2 l n c . . S: 04 . 8 5 . d H ro hl L uz io a ca i i s is R asp . Ann . S Nat (Base on yd c oa caroli n iensi s a uv B e .g

r chlo uila n s . . 354 403 . 1 826 H drochlo a u il n H d o a . a s H ar tm . 1 8 19 d y fi Torr Comp , Not y fl . ( Base on

Zizan ia fi uil a ns Michx . ) 2 d n H dro u il n s R é v . . 7 . 1 8 9 . i a ia uil n rum a a s . y py fi Kunth , Gram ( Base on Z z fi Michx )

z in n . d . . . e d . 2 . 2 : 7 9 . 1 84 1 . d n n L u io la carol i a a Trin ; Steu Nom Bot (Base on Z iza ia ata ns B o se . )

1 1 —3 l u . 1 Cu ms p to meter or more long , freel y branching , leafy ; blades flat , cm long , 5 6 . . 2 mm . o s wide , in vigor us shoot as much as cm long and mm wide ; Spikelets inconspicuous

4 . 2 o . and infrequent , the staminate ab ut mm long , the pistillate about mm

YPE LOCA LIT : South aro na . T Y C li ‘ : d a n d -fl o win su flicie n t d DISTRIBUTION Pon s slow g streams , sometimes in abun ance to become

S d a n d L . troublesome , outh Carolina to Flori a ouisiana ol n a n l 24 B a v A ro t . l . 3 . 1 8 H . ca . . 4 . R I N u s S . . IL L ST AT O S Z e . . . g p , f (as r i i a p , f ; Bull U Dep Agr

7 Ig7 .

l. 3 8 . 3 . 1 7 90. PHARUS P . . . . 344 . 5 6 . . Br Hist Jam p , f ; L Syst

e d . 1 0. 1 2 69 . 1 7 5 9 N at . a Erect perennials (the base sometimes decumbent) , with broad flat bl des and open panicles ,

the blades with fine transverse veins between the longitudinal nerves , petioled (the petiole with

a single twist reversing the upper and under surfaces of the blade) , the nerves running obliquel y

1 -flowered fro m midr ib to margin . Spikelets , unisexual , in pairs appressed along the main

fl o ne - branches of the in orescence , pistillate and sessile , the other staminate and long pediceled ;

- pistillate spikelet terete ; gl umes about equal , membranaceous , several nerved ; lemma rather

thin in anthesis but becoming indurate in fruit , longer than the glumes , with a minute ben t

to beak , the back clothed a varying degree with thickl y set uncinate hairs , these becoming in adhesive organs in fruit , the edges shar pl y folded inward and the whole lemma becomin g o as 2- volute in fruit ; palea very narr w , as long the lemma , nerved , membranaceous , folded stifl around the long style ; stigmas 3 ; staminate spikelet laterall y compressed , on a pedicel as l - 3 - long as the pistillate spikelet ; glumes thin , the first shorter , nerved , the second nerved ; 6 AII lemma as long as the second glume ; stamens . anomalous genus placed in this tribe for

convenience .

ius P . lati ol L . Type species , f — 2 c m . 4 5 a s . Fru t on , times as lon g the glumes i — l g 8 1 5 . Fruit mm . long . not more than twice as long as the glumes Fruit pubes c ent only near the summit . ll Fruit pubescent a over . 3 66 N ORT H A M ER IC A N F L OR A [VOLUM E 1 7

u a s . Glumes brown . ac te . about half long as the spikelet

Fruit Straight . — W d . Culms erect ; blades 3 1 cm . i e — Wi d . Culms decumbent a n d rooting at ba se ; blades 2 cm . e - F n Iit elongate S shaped .

i l . Glumes green . obtuse , nearly as long as the sp ke et

Z its . 52 9 . 1 9 2 Ph s o u . O e sterr . Bo t . e : 0 1 . aru c rnut s H ack

— m i 30 5 0 . t Culms glabrous , cm tall ; sheaths puberulent toward su m t , overlapping , s riate , u m ul n the margins somewhat lobed on each side at the broad tr ncate su mit ; lig e membra aceous ,

2 . e o i lacerate , about mm long ; blad s oblanceolate to bovate , the lower smaller and somet m es — m m 5 1 0 . a ovate , the base narrowed to a puberulen t margined petiole long (nar rower th n the

i l by m summ t of the sheath) , the apex abrupt y acuminate , glabrous but roughened the nu erous — — — 4 . i 1 0 1 5 . n nl l 9 1 . 3 5 vein s and anastomosi g vei ets , most y cm long , cm w ide ; pan cles cm long , i i in t the axis puberulent , the branches sol itary , ascend ng , t he sp kelets , at least the lower par of i n i l t the pan cle , borne on ascendi g or spreading branches of the second order ; pairs of sp ke e s more — — 3 5 . s i 3 4 . ti or le s pediceled , the stam nate spikelet mm long on a pedicel cm long , the pis l late

r l spikelet 2 cm . long on a very sho t pedicel often from the axil of a sma l bract ; glumes o f — i 2 m m . o stam nate spikelet puberulent , thin , the fir st narrow , acute , l ng , the second broader

m e t i in u e i and longer ; lem a and p al a h n , about equal lengt h , the palea narrower ; gl m s of pist l — 3 5 . m late Spikelet mm long , puberulent , the fir st narrower ; lem a Slender , terete , often some

S— v - um what shaped , cur ed or hooked at apex , glandular puberulent , especiall y at s m it .

“ T : T ki i tl r E A sa P i ie P t. C 05 1 . LOC LITY , Costa R ca ( ,

: R . DISTRIB UTION Wet forest , Costa ica

2 . Ph if o i . . . . 1 2 9 arus . 1 7 5 9 . lat l u s L Syst N at e d 0 1 6 .

' - Phar O t a li ol u us i s . H i . Pro dr . 8 . 1 825 . f Desv ; am lt ( Type from the An ti Ues . )

l — 40 1 00 . ul Culms erect , puberu ent or glabrous , cm tall ; sheaths puber en t or glabrous ; a i i 2—4 blades oblanceolate , the cuneate lower part t per ng nto a petiole cm . long , acuminate a t i l — o r o a u r 1 5 0 . apex , glabrous or somet mes puberu ent on the (m ph logic ll y) nder su face , 3 cm — 3 7 . w i l 3 0 . long , cm ide ; pan c es as much as cm long , the axis puberulent , the branches spread

o r ing , the pairs of Sp ikelets sessile nearl y so on ascending branches of the second order ; stami e l r m nate spik lets on sterile pedice s ; fi st glu e short , sometimes min ute ; seco nd gl um e a l ittle

t o m m r i shorter han the spikelet ; lemma br ad , the glu es and le ma ne ved , th n , brown ; palea i e e ea u n w about as long as the lemma ; pistillate sp k let s ssile or n rl y so ; gl mes thi , bro n , nea rl y

h as m e s equal , more t an h al f as long the le ma ; lemma slender , terete , more or l s curved , gr aduall y r ti l 1 0—1 5 m m . nar rowed toward the cu ved p , pa e , long , densel y pubescent n ear the tip on one a th e u r m i d oo side with hooked h irs , fr it at matu it y beco ng a hesive by the h ks ; palea na rro w , i i l in r olle d e nclosed by the t ght y edg s of the ca rtil aginous lem ma .

M E : LOCALI TY Jamaica . ISTRIB UTIO N : a lti tuda Wet forest at ow , Guatema a an d the West ndi es to anama cuad or l l I P , E , ( 1 ID il an ra z .

3 . Ph s aru e . . N ov . . Gen . . 1 : glab r H B K Sp 1 96 . 1 8 1 6 .

Phar us b s ens s dd A 2 1 1 , r o st . r . . 823 . ra ili i Ra i g B as (Type from Brazil . ) h la nci l o as ius . H i o Prodr . . 8 . 1 825 . An P r f Desv ; am l t (Type from the tilles . )

l r i i il P lati oli Cu ms e ect or somet mes decumbent s m ar to . f us ; blades nar ro wl y oblanceolate , , in Iali averag g nar rower th an in P . f olius ; gl um es of pisti llate Spikelet about hal f as long as the

m m - ; h t P . lati olius a le ma lem a t icker han in f , straight or ne rl y so , abru ptl y na rrowed at the very i t 1 . w p , about cm long , pubescent ith hooked hairs over nearl y the entire sur face or on side , one l bu t e n n on y ext n di g dow more than half way .

A : TYPE LOC LI TY Venezuela . : i o d DISTRI UTION ch mo st w o s , Mex co and the West ndies to Ar ent na B R i i I g i . ' ’ A : . F 1 . 2 l 6 . l . . S . LLUSTR TIONS Mart Bras . . A I p ; r . A r ost . 30 Bu l U Dep g g (as P . lal ijolius) A RT 5 1 93 5 P , ] POACEA E 367

l Pharus a if o h . 4 . C o e 3 5 : 3 01 . 1 9 p rv iu s Nas , B ull T rr y lub 08 .

- lali o lius . a vi olius d A 1 250 Pharus . . : . 1 922 . d . vi oli us . f var p r f Pro oehl , Bot rch (Base on P par f Nash ) — 30 60 . Culms erect or ascending from a decumbent rooting base , cm above the decumb ent r o o — p a t ; blades lanceolate , bl ance late , or elliptic lanceolate , somewhat rounded at base (rather

- — — t cu 7 1 2 . 2 han long neate) , graduall y acuminate at apex , cm long , rarel y more , cm . wide , — l as 3 . 1 0 1 5 . P la e rare y much as cm ; panicles cm long , rarel y more ; spikelets about as in . g b r .

Diff o P . labe in o ers fr m g r the l wer cul ms decumbent and rooting at base , and the mo re numer ous smal ler mo re o r less lanceolate blades .

M A : Les H i N ash 67° Ta lo E LOC LI TY Roches , near Plaisance , a ti ( y r : i d Sa nbo m a nd d DISTRIB UTION Moist r ch forest , Flori a (Pineola) , Veracruz ( ) , the West In ies to l Peru a nd Brazi .

Pharus M ezu o oeh B ot. h 1 : 2 5 1 922 . 5 . P . 0. r d l , Arc

— — — l 0 1 00 . 1 25 5 5 . o 5 . Cu ms erect , cm tall ; blades oblanceolate , cm l ng , cm wide ; panicle large , rather densel y flowered ; gl umes of pistillate spikelet brown , acute , about half as long as

m - 1 0—2 o S 1 . o the spikelet ; lem a el ngate shaped , mm l ng , densel y pubescen t with hooked hairs

e o . on the i per half , l ss so in the l wer part

TYPE LOC ALITY : Costa Rica (Bio lley

: i a n d . DISTRIBUTION Rich moist forest , Costa R ca , Panama , Colombia

2 2 1 1 1 . F1 . . 2 : . 87 6 . Pharus i e e D611 . v r sc n s , in Mart Bras

- 0 60 . s P . labe 3 Re embling g r; culms erect from a decumbent rooting base , cm tall ; blades

- — — 0 P . a 1 5 3 . 3 7 . elliptic obl nceolate , cm long , cm wide ; panicle more loosel y flowered than in la be — as i 1 0 1 4 . g r; sp kelets mm long ; glumes greenish , rather firm , strongl y nerved , nearly long i o as the spikelet , the apex obtuse ; lemma densel y pubescent w th hooked hairs ver nearl y al l the sur face . Distinguished by the long green obtuse glumes .

A : de . TYPE LOC LI TY Cruz Cosme , Bahia , Brazil an i : d . DISTRIB UTION Wet forest , Guatemala to Peru Braz l

PHALARIDEAE . e e w h o ne e fe e flo ret Trib e 7 . Spik l ts it p r ct t rminal and ,

e o w h o f e o r e e flo e o n e o e e o o e e b l t is , a pair staminat n ut r r ts ( s m tim s bs l t in

’ Phala ri s)

9 1 . H H . L ateral florets staminate ; Spikelets brown an d shining . IEROC LOE

Lateral florets neuter ; spikelets green or yellowish . L ateral florets reduced to small awnless scale -like lemmas ; Spi kelets much

d 92 . H A A . compres se laterally . P L RI S Lateral florets consisting of awned hairy sterile lemmas exceeding the

93 . H XA H . fertile flo re t; spikelet terete . ANT O NT UM

IE R R Pro dr . 208 . 1 8 1 0. 9 1 . H O CHLO E . B r .

Savasla n ia 5 . hi la S . S a vaslan a S 1 : 1 00 33 7 . 1 7 89 . chrank , Baier . Fl . , (Type species , r chrank ) Not

Scop . 1 7 7 7 .

Torr T. ut cu at . ) esia . S . . Peru v . i . 25 1 . 1 7 98 . R P . yst Fl Ch l (Type species , ri l a R P . ” H o cus a a ns Dim esia . 2 : 1 7 5 . 1 8 1 8 . Raf Am . Mo . Mag . (Type species , l fr gr Pursh

n i - - p Pere n al , low , erect , sweet smelling grasses , with small panicles of bronze colored s ike

o r two lets . Spikele ts with one terminal perfect fl et and staminate florets , disarticulating above

ta a to , the glumes , the s minate florets falling att ched the fertile one ; glumes equal , broad , thin b u ap and papery , smooth , acute ; sterile lemmas a o t as long as the glumes , mostl y somewhat

- s , pre sed hispid , sometimes awned from between two lobes ; fertile lemma somewhat indurate

- bo n 3 . a ut as lo g as the others , smooth or nearl y so , awnless ; palea nerved , rounded OII the back

' ' ’ i Disarrem um a nta rcticum Hie ochloe odora la, Type spec es , ( r

H iero chloa d . Conserved name . Spe lled by some later authors , here treate as a variant Spelling 3 68 N ORT H A M ERIC A N F LO R A [VOLUM E 1 7

1 Floweri ng culms with blades rarely as much as 0 cm . long . - — d 4 . l . Panicle narrow , few f owere cm long s Staminate lemma be a r mg exse rted awns .

Staminate lemmas awnless or nearly so . — i d 4 1 2 . Panicle pyrami al , cm long , open ; stam nate lemma awnless or nearly

- Flowe ring culms with blades 1 5 5 0 cm . long . — a a y 4 . . Panicle open . the branch glabrous or ne rl so . cm long

s . Panicle narrow , with Short villous branche

v 1 1 Ve . 2 : 5 5 . 1 8 7 . e o h oe l Sw R . 8: . S st. 1 . Hi r c l a pina ( ) S g - Q ( S d . 4 . 1 7 92 . a n a L . n il Sv . . 9 A in : a lpi a L j. Fl Not lpi Ty pe from we en ) ’ h l n “ 4 7 . 1 06 . s H ieroc lo ? a a . 8: illd . S . . : 93 8 H o lcus alpin us Sw . : p Pl ( Ba is of pi R

8 1 6 . e d . 2 . 2 73 . 1 8 1 8 . 11 016 11 5 m o n icola . . . Bl ed . 5 : 334 . 1 E t Bigel New Engl Jour ; aton , Man

t Ll o un ta ins H . (Type from ite , New ampshire )

r . A nn . i . . 2 : 85 . 1 829 . s d H . l n 87. . H iero chlo é a lpi n a var . a islala Rasp Sc Obs ( Ba e on a pi a [R S ] '

. Br . in a r . R . probably P r y s Voyage ) \ y n w 3 4 . 1 894 . s d H o lc us a l i u S . Iem . 5 : s S arasta na alpi n a Scribn . . Torre Club ( Ba e on p ) - 2 : 7 60 vn o n vm H l u m nt l . I n d . . s c s o ico a D m os a mo nl ico la . . . i i Raf ; B D Jackson , Kew , as of o Bigel b i o ' w 2 : 3 00. 19 1 5 . d H o cu al n us S . T rr l n H Am . s o es iga pi a itchc . . Jour . Bot ( Base on l pi ) — l w lea fv o t s r iz 1 0 40 . a Cu ms tufted , ith sh o s at ba e and sho t rh omes , glabrous , cm t ll ;

r l r ul s scaberulod s il sheaths glabrous o sca beru ous , the lower pu pl ish ; lig e membranaceou , , c io

fl t r e two late , about 1 m m . long or les s ; blades a o folded , glabrous or n arl y so , one or on the culm ,

- — c l t s 3 . o 2 3 m m . ti as the upper u m blade mos l y le s than cm l ng , usually wide , some m es as much — n 30 . 1 3 mm . 6 mm . , the blades of the in ovations as much as cm long , mostl y wide ; pan icle — — 4 d 2 . x e few owered , contracted , mostly cm long , the a is and branch s glabrous , the few branches

— - — in r e r n 1 3 i 6 8 . i a m as mostly pai s , b a i g spikelets ; spikelets short ped celed , mm long ; stam n te le m li — i l ti m a 5 8 mm . ci ate on the marg n , awned be ow the p , the awn of the second lem long , ben t ,

i fi t t m - tw sted below , that of the rst a l it le shorter , straight ; fer ile lem a acute , appressed pubescent toward apex .

TYPE LOCA LITY : L apland . IB : r i i t d w u dl d a n d b DISTR UTION A ct c reg ons of both hemispheres , sou hwar to Ne fo n an Que ec ; d a n d c y i i in H i a nd alpine mea ows ro k slopes , h gh mounta ns of Ma e , New ampsh re , Vermont , New York . '

t n f . F 1 . c t . A . A t . 4 : O s e Ar 7 5 l . L . . . . r ILLUSTR TIONS f : Bu l S Dep Agr g os 1 0.

i h ifl 2 . u h . lv . . 2 e o oe a c ora R . . C H r c l p B r lor M e 3 5 1 8 3 .

S a ras ta na i \ -1 v w or a S . I . Tor re 5 5 4 a z 1 89 . as d H ier p fl cribn em Club : 3 9 . ( B e on ochlo é pa ucifio r a

R . Br . )

To rrcs ia a u ci r H Am . . . E z o a . 2 : 301 . 1 9 1 5 . n d H ierocl lo é a uci o r a . p fi itchc Jour Bot ( e on p fl R Br . )

l o l c — 0 3 . tal w Cu ms Slender , erect , glabr us or very slight y s abrous , cm l , ith Slender , creep in i s a g rh zomes and comparativel y few leave , these ne r the base ; shea ths sl ightl y sm brous ;

— - s t 1 m m . o d o ul l 2 6 l igule le s han l ng ; bla es glabr us , those of the c m most y m m . 1 2 mm . long , i n i lax t — de , those of the in ovat ons slender mos l y folded 1 0 20 . i l o w , , , cm long ; pan c e narr w , few — 3 . t e a n 1 or 2 flowered , erect , cm long , the branches shor , appr ssed , be ri g spikel ets ; spikel ets — 4 5 mm . a long ; st m in ate lem mas awnles s or mucrona te ; fertile lem ma sca brous on the upper h alf .

A Y : TYPE LOC LIT Arctic Am eri c a . I : d r i , i , i a t DISTR B UTION Tun ra A ct c reg ons c rcumpol r , in Alaska as far south as S . Michael .

O s t n f . A : e . A rc t . . ILLUSTR TION Fl f 7 6 .

3 . H e o h e o o o a . B v A r L eau . o st. 62 1 64 . 1 i r c l d rat ( ) g , 8 1 2 .

3 0 10 4 do at . 1 5 o us L . S P . 1 048 . 1 7 r p 53 . A n d e o o a Des c r . . 2 , 99 . 1 802 . s d H olcus do r a r ta Koeler Gram (Ba e on o ratus L . ) H lc us a n IVilld s S . . 4 : 9 6 f . 3 . 1 806 . H u cb o n o ra r p ype from Ba anad a . g Pl (T y , C ) H o cus bor ealis Sc 1 d . . . 2 52 . 1 e : 806 . l hra Fl G rm (Type from Germ any . ) H ero chlo é bo e l ' . S . Sy . s . 2 : 5 13 i . 1 8 1 7 . a d H olc us bo ea i r a i R st Veg ( B se on r l s Schrad . ) H hlo r ero c é a a ns . S . S . . 2 : 5 1 4 1 f g . 8 1 7 . a d Ho lcus r a r a n YVi i r R yst Veg ( B se on f g s lld . ) H erochlo é a t c i c a . B u . l : 2 5 2 1 8 r a r , e ae . 30. ype from oot a So und Vancouver s an i P l R l k (T N k . I l d . ) H i erochlo é o d ’ o ata . a n i s . . . E ur . 1 : 3 1 r var fr gra K cht . 1 890. Based on H olcus ra r R Pl ( f g a ns Qilld . ) S aras la n a o d r ta a a S ri . . 5 : 3 4 . 1 894 . d H lcus do t c bn Mem Torrey Club ( Base on o o ra us L . ) Dim esi a a n f s . . . I n d 1 : 7 g . . 60 as n r r Raf ; B D Jackson , Kew , sy onym of H ierochlo é boreal is l g3 s .

37 0 NORT H A M ERI CA N F L ORA [VOLUM E 1 7

4 1 5 P1 . 5 . 7 3 . RI . . 92 . PHAL A S L Sp

h a is a u nd n a cea L . 201 . 1 7 94 . a ) d . , Ty phoi es Moench , Meth (Type species P l r r i

ha a i ar un dl n acea . 1 820 . s L 1 2 7 . i A r o s t . ) d . , Digra phis Trin . Fun g (Type Spec es P l r

ha a s ar un dzn acea . S 220. 18 30. i , L ) E n dullex Raf . Bull . Bot . eringe (Type spec es P l ri

1 s . S t Annual or perennial erect gra ses , with flat blades pikele s laterall y compressed , with c l terminal perfect flo ret and 2 sterile lemmas below , disarti u ating above the glumes , arranged i - ; in usually dense spikel ke panicles ; glumes equal , boat shaped , often winged on the keel sterile lemmas reduced to 2 smal l scales (rarel y onl y fertile lemma coriaceous , shorter than

- 2 . the glumes , enclosing the faintl y nerved palea i i ns s . P . ca na e L T ype species , r

7 1 u d d 6 r . 1 . . a d . Spikelets in groups of , fertile s rroun e by sterile , the g oup falling entire P p ra oxa

en tIre . Spikelets all alike , not in groups falling

Plants annual . - Glumes broad ly winged ; pa n Ic le ovate or Short oblong . — i 2 4 6 . . Ster le lemmas , fertile lemma mm long

2 . . c n a en s s . S teri le lemmas half as long as fertile . P a ri i h 3 . ra ch sl a c s . . b Steri le lemmas mm . long or less . P y y 4 m n Sterile lemma solitary ; fertile lemma 3 mm . long . . P . i or .

d . Glumes wingless or nearly so ; panicles oblong or linear , ense d d d Glumes narrowly winge towar summit , acute or abruptly pointe ;

d . fertile lemma slightl y turgi , villous to the acute apex — en d 2 6 . Panicle tapering to each , mostly cm long (occasionall y

5 . . ca o l n i na . longer) . P r i a — d i 6 1 5 . ( . 6 . . n usta Panicle subcylin r c . mostly cm long occasionally smaller) P a g d Glumes wingless , acuminate ; fertile lemma turgi , the acuminate ’

L m m o m . 7 . . e apex smooth . P

Plants perennial . '

i d . 8 . cali orm ca . Rhizomes wanting ; pan cle ense , ovate or oblong P f 0

r s rea dm d i i . 9 . a un d n ce . Rhizomes present ; panicle na row , p g ur ng anthes s P r i a a

Ph l a o . . P . ed . 2 . 1 665 . 1 7 63 . 1 . a aris p rad xa L Sp l

3 0—60 A nn ual ; culms erect or usuall y Spreading at base , glabrous , scabrous below panicle , m cur u cm . tall ; sheaths Sl ightl y scaberulous , the su mit with a somewhat led border ; l ig le thin , — ‘ to o acute , l acerate , 3 5 mm . long decurrent as a thin pale margin the Sheath ; bl ades scabr us , — 2 6 . 7 . a as much as mm wide , acuminate ; panicle dense , oblong , nar rowed at b se , cm long , often enclosed at base in the uppermost enl arged sheath ; spikelets finally fall ing from the axis in groups 7 - of 6 or , those of the upper part of the panicle Slender pediceled , the central spikelet fertile , .

- — the subulate acuminate glumes with a prominent tooth l ike wing near the middle of the keel , m wi - s 3 . the others sterile , with smaller pointed glu es th toothed winged keels ; fertile lemma mm

l m of long , with on y a few hairs toward the summit , the sterile le mas obsolete ; Spikelets lower

of - part panicle short pediceled , the glumes of the outer four spikelets deformed , cuneate clavate .

TYPE LOC ALITY : Mediterranean region . : r field S ' a n d d DI STRIB UTION Occasional in g ain waste places , California ; ballast , Phila elphia , New d d d Orleans ; in tro uce from the Me iterr anean region .

al m r - i d . rae a i o s L am . . . e u E x . Sc . e . . 2 : 25 Ph ar s para oxa var p ( ) Coss Dur in Duri , pl Alg r Bot 1 8 5 5 . . r aem o rsa L a m . . . 3 : 5 66 . 1 7 7 8 . P p Fl Fr Panicle mostly smaller , all the spikelets short pediceled a nd with outer sterile spikelets having deform ed clavate glumes as in the lower part of ind a t sub ur e . A E : . panicles of the species ; glumes of all the spikelets M LOC LITY Provence , France : d a n d d d d DISTRIBUTION Fiel s waste places , Washington to California ; ballast , Phila elphia ; intro uce d from the Me iterranean region .

2 Ph l e P1 . . 5 4 . 1 7 a aris c an ari n sis L Sp . . 53

P h la v a s a icular is S l . Prodr . 1 7 . 1 7 96 . d c n ien i ri a ish ( B ase on P . a ar s s L . )

n or — s 3 0 60 . A n ual ; cul ms erect , sometimes spreading at ba e , cm tall ; sheaths glabrous or — — i 3 6 . 1 usually scaberulous ; l igule th n , acute , mm long , decur rent ; blades scabrous , mostl y 7 5 — — . 1 . 4 cm long , as much as cm wide ; panicle ovate to oblong ovate , dense , cm . long ; spikelets — 7 8 . l broad , imbricate , pale with green stripes ; glumes mm long , abrupt y pointed , the green i 5— keel w th a prominent pale wing broadened upward fertile lemma 6 . , ; mm long , acute , densel y — n appressed pubescent ; sterile lemmas at least hal f as lo g as the fertile . A T 5 1 93 5 P R , ] POACEAE 37 1

A : S r T YPE LOC LITY outhe n Eur ope .

I . f S t and d DISTR B UTION Waste places , in requent , Nova co ia to Alaska , southwar to Virginia , s a nd i t d d d M edite Kan as , Wyoming Cal fornia , occasionally far her southwar , intro uce from the r c r th e d ran ea n region . This spe ies fu nishes canary see of commerce though i t is often mixed with seed of P an i cu m m ilia ceum . '

A : Tn n . I c . l . 7 4 l . . . . A . 2 : 1 2 1 ILLUSTR TIONS p ; Bul U S Dep gr 7 7 f .

3 3 . Phal r brach stach s e e o . B o h 1 t. . : 1 4 . a i s y y Link , N u s J ur Sc rad 3

1 806 .

h la is ca n a ens s . bra ch stach s d . l . d . . Pr in c . . S . S . . 1 4 S 47 P a r ri i var y y Fe tsch B ul Jar Bot U R ( uppl . .

19 1 5 d . brach stach s L . . ( Base on P y y ink )

P ca na iensis i Di f i . 6 f er ng from r in hav ng smaller spikelets , the glumes about mm . long , the — r il l m 4 5 . o r fe t e em a mm l ng , and especiall y in the sho t sterile lemmas , not mo re than mm . long .

TY PE LOCA LITY : Portugal . DISTR IB UTION : Texas (Asherton) ; Ca lifornia ( Butte County) ; Oregon (ballast nea r Portland) ; i introduced from the Mediterranean reg on . I c l 7 5 I LLUSTR A TION : Trin . . p .

P h ar n o e z . bs . 3 : 8 . 1 7 3 . 4 . al is mi r R t O 8

- 2— n is i 5 . P . ca a iens so Resembl ing r ; pan cle ovate oblong , cm long ; spikelets narrower , not — s 4 6 . i conspicuousl y striped ; glume mm long , the w ng of the keel narrower ; fertile lemma — 3 . 1 . . lance ovate , about mm long , acute ; sterile lemma sol itar y , about mm long

d TYPE LOCA LITY : Eastern Me iterr anean region . I : d an d a d DISTR B UTION Fiel s w te places New B runswick to New Jersey , rare ; Colora o , ballast , d I n C alifo rm a In S a d d near Portlan , Oregon ; frequent ; Mexico , also outh Americ , intro uce from the IVI editerr an ean region l 7 9 m I o . . . ILLUSTR A TION : Tr . p

Ph o n n . . C . 7 4 . 1 7 8 8 . 5 . al aris car li ia a Walt Fl ar ’ 00 h a n l r m ed B e am . S . 1 : 3 . 1 8 10. . P al ris i e za o s : Poir . in L . Encyc uppl (Type from Carolina )

h M ns 1 3 1 1 8 1 3 . S . o t h H . o . . P alaris m acr s a c y a DC . Cat . Pl . ort p (Type from outh Carolina )

h e n 1 1 01 6 . m S . . . : . 1 8 1 . S P ala ris a ri ca a Ell . Bot . C Ga (Type from outh Carolina ) '

h h 5 : 1 44 1 83 7 A . n l So c . . . . P alaris occid e ta zs Nutt . Trans Am . P il . II (Type from rkansas ) h r zia l M é m d t S a s t i is . . . S P al ri Trin Aca (Type from Charleston , outh

Carolina . ) — 3 0 60 . Annual ; culms usually erec t, gl abrous or , especiall y below the panicle , scabrous , cm — l 2 3 . tall or even taller ; sheaths gl abrous ligu e thin , rounded , mm long , decurrent ; blades mostly

- — 2 6 . 5 1 0 . 1 . cm long , sometimes longer , mostl y less than cm wide ; panicle oblong , cm long , — i 5 6 mm . occa sionall y longer , ta per ng at each end ; glumes long , oblong , rather abruptl y nar

o to o r wed an acute apex , the keel scabrous and narrowl y winged above fr m below the middle ;

- - — r o 4 . o the fe tile lemma lance ovate , acute , appressed pubescent , ab ut mm l ng , sterile lemmas one third to hal f as long .

TYPE LOC ALI TY : South Carolina . : O ld d d an d i d d DISTRIB UTION fiel s , san y soil , moist places , Virg nia to Colora o southwar to

l d a nd as a n d d i an d . i F ori a Tex , westwar to Arizona , Californ a , Oregon A few spec mens from the

d 3 8 . 80 . a n Pacific Coast are relatively robust up to cm tall , have panicles cm long , some of them

d a n d a 6 6 . 5 . . slightly lobe not t pering to the base , the spikelets mm long 0 3 6 4 . . A ro s t . 2 . 2 . l . . . S . A . ” S . . . 5 . I LLUSTR TIONS . Ell Bot C Ga p , f ; Bull U Dep Agr g 1

Ph ee . I c . l . 7 8 . 1 8 2 7 . 6 . alari s angu sta N s ; Trin p

‘ - 2 6 . an ust b . . 5 : 5 h is ludo via a n . M em d . St. Pé ters P a lar a Torr ; Trin . . Aca VI , as synonym of P g a 1 839 Nees . .

d 2 2 : 3 15 o f P . a n usta 1 84 1 Pha lari laxa . Stcud . . . e . . s Spreng ; Nom Bot , as synonym g Nees ’

5 69 . 1 860 . a d . an ust hala i m lerm edza n usta ha m . . S . . S . ) P r s var . a g C p Fl U ( B se on P g a Nees “

t l H . 2 : 18 2 . 1896 . P . a n us a a ha a is n te m edi a . an us ta G rasse s . . ) P l r i r var g ta Beal , N Am ( g ost — n o r l l . 5 An ual ; culms erect , gl abrous sl igh tl y scabrous , especially below the panicle , 4—10 s ubc lin meters tall ; sheaths glabrous or nearl y so ; l igule thin , acutish , mm . long ; panicle y — —4 1 5 8 . . dric , mostl y 6 cm . long , about mm thick ; glumes mm long , narrow , abruptl y pointed , 372 N ORT H A M ERI CA N FL O RA [VOLUM E 1 7

m - the keel scabrous and narrowl y winged toward the sum it ; fertile lemma ovate lanceolate ,

- acute , appressed pubescent , 3 mm . l ong ; sterile lemmas about one third as long .

TY PE LOCA LI TY : Urugu ay . I : r d d Lo a n d DISTR B UTION Open g oun at low altitu es , Mississippi , uisiana , Texas , California ;

Chihuahua ; also in southern South America . 9 l l l . . . A ro s t . 7 : . 8 1 2 9 . I c . . 8 l\1 . . . : . . S I LLUSTR A TIONS : Trin . p 7 ; art Fl Bras p ; Bul U Dep Agr g f ‘ l 1 2 . 6 . Bull . U . S . Dep . Agr . Bot . p

3 : 42 . 1 92 . Ph L i . . . . e . 8 7 . r em m on V e Co U ala is as y , ntr S N at H rb — — l 0 90 l 3 1 0 m m . A n 3 . n ual ; cu ms erect , glabrous , cm tall ; sheaths glabrous ; l igu e thin , long ; — — i 2 4 m m . 1 0 20 . blades more or less scabrous , cm long or the uppermost much shorter , w de or — n d o in 1 . i 5 1 5 . larger plan ts as much as cm w ide ; pan cle cm long , subcyl i ric or lobed t ward in on base , often purpl ish ; glumes about 5 mm . long , narrow , acuminate , scabrous , not w ged the

- —4 u r . s keel ; fe tile lemma ovate lanceolate , acuminate , mm long , brown at mat rity , appres ed

1 2 i . pubescent , except the acum inate tip ; sterile lemmas ( or ) less than one t h rd as long

T YP A : S i . E LOC LI TY anta Cruz , Californ a : s d s a l a nd DISTRIB UTION Moist place at low altitu e , in the co stal val eys , central southern l Ca ifornia .

l 1 . A ros t . 7 z 41 2 . I LLUSTR A TION : Bul . U . S . Dep . Agr . g f

i h . Vo . 1 6 1 . 1 83 3 . Bo t . ee 8 Ph lar o H . A . . a is cal f rnica B c y — l n in l 7 5 1 5 0 . Pere nial ; often dense tussocks ; cu ms erect , glabrous , cm ta l ; sheaths gl abrous ; — — l 8 1 5 . o u u 3 6 m m . o l ig e ro nded or acutish , l ng ; blades rather lax , mm wide , the upperm st — l - c r 2 . o smaller ; pani le ovoid o oblong , 2 5 cm . long , cm thick , ften pur p ish tinged ; glumes — m m 6 8 . o a n to long , narr w , t peri g from below the middle an acute apex , the keel smooth or

- 4 n win m . nearly so , sharp but ot ged ; fertile lem a o vate lanceolate , about mm long , rather — o . sparsely appressed pubescent , the palea often ex posed , the sterile lemmas about half as l ng

TYPE LOCA LITY : California . B : i e a n d d so uthem te m DISTRI UTION Rav n s Open moist gr oun in the Coast Ranges , Oregon to

San L r . uis Obispo County , Califo nia 1 A 9 S . . . o s t . 7 : . . A : . . . . . 1 3 : l . 4 . . r 7 I LLUSTR TIONS Bull U S . Dep Agr Bot p ; Bull U Dep Agr g f

: d a m eth stin a i . u an d . NOTE This is the species referre to P . y Tr n of Chile by Th rber others

9 . Ph al r e . . PI. 5 1 7 5 3 . aris a undinac a L Sp 5 .

A r zm do colora l Ai d a t . H . . 1 : 1 1 6 . 1 7 89 . h a ort Kew ( Base on P a l ris a r und i n acea L . ) T ho ide a u n d n 202 1 7 94 . s ace . . d h a i u n d n . y p r i a Moench , Meth (Base on P lar s a r i a cea L ) C alam t e t s s i a . . . e d . 3 . 2 : 1 24 . 1 7 96 . a agro i var gat Wi h Brit Pl ( B sed on P hala ris ar un din acea L . )

u n d a a S . Pro dr . 24 . 1 7 9 6 . d ha is a un d n A r o rip ri alisb (Base on P lar r i acea L . ) l d z er a color al n B a a Gart . S . . l : . 96 . 1 7 99 . d ha a a un din ace iig , Meyer cherb Fl Wett (Base on P l ris r a

D i r a his a un d n ce . d . A r o st . 1 27 . 1 820. d h u n n g p r i a a Trin Fun g ( Base on P a l a ris a r di a cea L . ) B aldin era a un din a ea o D . c um r t . . 1 30. 1 823 . d h g r Obs Gram (Base on P a l ar is a run di n acea L . ) D -i r a his a m e i c n ll H . 7 d 2 . 1 30 E Lo . . i 8 . d h a a s a un d n ce . g p r a a ; u ort Br t (Base on P l ri r i a a Michx , Lo d a u A i d f a n d ha a s u on ss ming the mer can plant to be i ferent from the European , that P l ri

a m e ca n a E ll . as r un d n cea . ri was the same the Ame ican P . ar i a )

E nda llex ar un din ace B ' a . . . I n d . . 1 : 839 ha l u ndin e Raf ; D Jackson , Kew , as synonym of P aris ar a c a L . l s9s

n i l i i o c l 60—1 Pere n a , w th creep ng rhiz mes , gregarious ; u ms erect , glabrous , 5 0 cm . tall ; o r m r l — sheaths glabrous , somewhat scabrous , the border at sum it cu led ; ligu e very thin , 3 5 m m .

long ; blades glabrous or scabrous toward the tip , the margins scabrous , elongate , about 1 cm . — 2 . 1 s as 7 6 . i wi de or sometime much as cm ; panicle cm long , nar row , the branches Sprea d ng dur 5 . u e 5 . a ing anthesis , the lower as much as cm long ; gl m s about mm long , n rrow , acute , the keel a a i m 4 . o sc brous , very n rrowl y w nged ; fertile lem a lanceolate , mm l ng , with a few appres sed hairs ; sterile lemm as 1 mm . lo ng .

A : TYPE LOC LITY Eur ope . : i a n d DISTRI BUTION Marshes , r ver banks , moist places , New B runswick to southeastern Alaska H o t S r l a n (als at anana p n s , A as a) , d southward to orth aro na Kentuc y a oma ew o T i g k N C li , k , Okl h , N M em c o ri a nd l . . d , A zona northeastern Ca ifornia ; also in Eurasia Ree canary grass . RA D l : um or t . . . 1 0 . . . S . . A . A r t . r . o s l 7 : . 4 1 ILLUST TIONS Obs Gram p , f Bull U Dep g g f 1 . AR T 5 1 935 P , ] POACE AE 37 3

di P a a r n . . S . PI. 3 p L 55 . 1 7 5 . . am e ca na . ct 8: h l ri s a u nacea var icta p P ri var pi a Eaton Wright ,

3 52 . 1 840. . a un n c . . . d e . varie al a i . 1 88 . l . 82 1 N Am Bot P r i a a var g Parnell , Grasses Br t p . 845 . - S d . Di ra his und n ce . icl a ahrb . . a n desm us K m (Typ e from cotlan ) g p ar i a a var p Pacher , J Nat L . at t ,

1 4 : 1 1 9 . 1 880. d i d Bla es str pe with white ; grown for ornament in gardens . l a i a b o . H H . . s A 2 1 d . 24 : 29 . 934 . h Ph r s tu er sa var stenoptera ( ack ) itchc Jour Wa h . ca P a la ri s

n H . R e ert . 5 3 3 sle o tera S : 3 . 1 908 . u . . d . p ack p Nov p (Type c ltivate in Australia ) Perennial , i hi i 5—1 5 w th loose branc ng rh zomatous base ; culms stout . as much as meters tall ; panicle cm . l — . d d m 5 6 . n d long , cm wi e , s ightly lobe ; glu es mm long , the keel scabrous , rather narrowly wi ge - - th e i d 4 . d on upper two th r s ; fertile lemma mm long . ovate lanceolate , acute . appresse pubescent ; l r d . f ube o s ste ile lemma usually so i tary , about one thir as long as the fertile lemma Di fers from P . t r a in the rhizomatous base .

N X N 3 . O UM . I 2 9 . . 1 7 53 . A TH A TH L sp P 8 .

S - n o r n r - i l . i weet smelling a nual peren ial g asses , with flat blades and spike l ke panic es Sp kelets i 1 fio ret 2 a w th terminal perfect and sterile lemm s , the rachilla disarticulating above the glumes ,

i n to i flo ret or the ster le lemmas fall i g attached the fert le ; glumes unequal , acute mucronate ; mm t m n sterile le as shor er than the glu es , emp ty , aw ed from the back ; fertile lemma shorter than nl 1 - o on the sterile Ones , aw ess ; palea nerved , r unded the back , inclosed in the lemma .

A . odo atum . T yp e species , r L

odo atum Plants perennial . l . A . r .

n 2 . A . c st tum . Plants a nual . ri a

n ho n h m o o u . . PI. 2 8 . 1 7 5 3 . l . A t xa t u d rat m L Sp

n tho a n hum d atum . a ltiss m um . 10. 1 8 1 7 . . A x t o or var i Eaton , M an (Type probably from Connecticut ) - nth m Xanthrm a n lho s odo ratum St . L a g . Ann . Soc . Bot . L yon 7 : 1 19 . 1 880. (Based on A nthoxa u

odoratum L . ) — n 3 0 60 . Peren ial ; culms tufted , erect , slender , glabrous , cm tall ; sheaths glabrous ; ligule — — — 5 - 2 . n 3 5 . thi , mm long ; blades more or less short pilose , mm wide ; panicle long exserted ,

- — — k 8 1 0 . ni 2 6 . o brow sh yellow , acute , cm l ng ; spi elets mm long ; glumes scabrous , the first about

- hal f as long as the seco nd ; sterile lemmas subequal , appressed pilose with golden hairs , the

r o t- awn i fi st sh r awned below the apex , the second awned from near the base , the tw sted below ,

en c u 2 . o g i ulate , slightly exceeding the second gl me ; fertile lemma about mm long , br wn , smooth and shining .

TYP E LOC A LI TY : Europe . : a d r and a d and d d Lo ui s1 an a DISTR IBUTION Me ows , pastu es , w ste places , Greenlan Newfoun lan to an d an d i i Michigan , on the Pacific Coast from Br tish Columbia to northern California ; Jama ca a nd Costa Rica at upper altitudes ; introduced from Euras ia .

2 7 . . . . . A rost . 0: . 3 S I c l 1 4 S . . . ILLUSTR A TIONS : Trin . . p . ; Bull . U . Dep Agr g f ; Bull U Dep Agr

7 7 2 : . 2 f 1 0 .

h statum o . Vo . Bo t. . 2 : 63 8 . 1 845 2 . Ant o xanthum ari B iss y Esp

1847 . . am Pl . . 385 . A ntho xa nthum P uelii L ec . L . Cat . Fr (Type from France ) d D urie ti x l . Sci . Al é r . 2 : 2 1 . 1 855 . n n thum o do tum . P uelii . . A tho xa ra var Coss Dur in , E p g (Base on

el c . am . A . P u ii Le L )

- o r o 30 . a Ann ual ; culms usuall y spreading bush y branching , m stl y less than cm t ll ; panicle — o 3 . 6 7 . o rather loose , usuall y less than cm long ; spikelets mm long ; awn exserted ; therwise ab ut

odo a um . as in A . r t

TYPE LOC A LITY : So uthern Europe . d F l n da 1 n trod uce d DISTRIB UTION : Waste place s in several localities from Maine to Oregon an o ; from Europe . 0 d . 2 . . 4 7 . A : i . . . e ILLUSTR TION Br tt Brown , Ill Fl f

- e A RO STI DE AE . e e 1 flowered e fe Trib e 8 . G Spik l ts , usually p r ct , arrang d

o r e- e e n ot e e nor in o p en , co ntracted , spik lik panicl s , but in tru spik s in

- e o e h o e e e one side d racem es . A larg and imp rtant trib , in abiting m r sp cially

The o o f the h the temp erate and co o l regio ns . articulati n rac illa is usually

e flo ret f f o the e e e ab ove the glum e s , the matur alling r m p rsist nt glum s , but in a

w he e the e e e f fe w gen era the a rticulati o n is bel o t glum s , matur spik l t alling 3 7 4 NORT H A M ERI CA N FL ORA [VOLUM E 1 7

' / e e Alo ecum s Czn n a Pol o on 1. cum s Lim n odea . The e ntir ( p , , yp g , 3 , and ) pal a is

fe w e e the h small o r wanting in so m e sp ecie s o f Agrostis . I n a g n ra rac illa is

o o e eh the e e e or o e e o e ro pr l ng d b ind pal a as a minut bristl , s m tim s as a m r p

' n oun ce d o e B rach el tm m Lim n odea Cin n a hr ee e e o f vill us stip ( y y , , , t sp ci s

’ ’ '

- A rostzs Gaslridim n Calam a rosl zs Amm o ln la L a um s . I o e g , , g , p , and g ) n s m gen era the rachilla—inte rn o de b etwee n the glum es and the l emma is Slightly el o n

e fo h e wh h e he to the e f gat d , rming a ard stip ic r mains attac d matur ruit as a

h u w e e ti l T e S a e e 5 . s ar ea p o inte d callus . call s is ll mark d in p ( sp cially in p and

e A istida the e e e e e e e con its alli s) and in r , matur l mma b ing t r t , indurat , and

o e the e who o e . I e e the e w e e he v lut , pal a lly incl s d n many g n ra l mma is a n d it r f h r f o the the awn e ifi o t e o tr d A ristid . r m tip r m back , b ing in a

’ Glumes present ( th e fir st Obsolete in Jl/I uhlen bergi' a S chreber z a n d some r ch l tr um n d hi i times in B a y e y a P pps a . )

Rachilla articulate above the glumes . d l d du a nd 4 u . 9 . . Fr it orsa ly compresse , in rate , smooth shining , awnless M ILI UM

d d . Fruit laterally compresse or terete , awne or awnless u d r d r de Fr it in u ate , terete , awne . the ne ves Obscure ; callus well

ve lo ed d d . p , Oblique , bear e trifid the d s Awn , lateral ivisions sometime short , rarely d Obsolete (when obsolete , no line of emarcation between

d as the . D an 95 . A . awn lemma , in next) ARISTI e d an d Awn simple , a lin of emarcation between the awn the lemm a . 2 - d Palea not keele with a furrow between . d a n d Awn persistent , twiste bent , several to many times as long as the slen der fruit ; callus sharp

d . 6 S A . pointe 9 . TIP d d d Awn eci uous , not twiste , sometimes bent , rarely more than 3 or 4 times as long as the plump fruit ;

s . 9 7 . O RY ZO P l S callus short , u ually obtuse S . 2 - d d the Palea keele with a eep furrow between the keels ,

u . 98 . PIPTO C H A I M apex projecting above the s mmit of the lemma E T U . u fi rm d fi rm the r Fr it thin or , but scarcely in urate ; if , ne ves d prominent or evident ; callus not well eveloped . d Perfect spikelet not accompanie by steri le spikelets . u Glumes not longer than the lemma , sually shorter (the - M uh en e c awn tips longer in l b rg i a ra em os a) . d m ti 3—5 — d L emma awne fro the p or mucronate , nerve 114 uhlen ber ia e en (lateral nerves obsolete in g r p s) . d fl o ret . 99 . H Rachilla not prolonge ; not stipitate M U LENBERGI A . Rachilla prolonged beyon d the palea ; fl ore t stipi 1 tate . 00. B R A C B Y E L Y TR UM . d L emma awnless or awne from the back . Florets bearing a tuft of hairs at the base from

the short callus . Lemma awned from the back ; lemma a n d palea

. 1 01 . R I N I H chartaceous T O C LO A .

L emma awnless . d . 1 02 . H Panicles spikelike : rachilla prolonge AMMOP IL A . d . 103 . C AL AM O VI F A Panicles open ; rachilla not prolonge L .

Florets without hairs at the base .

r d . 04 B P H R 1 . L E A O N URO N Ne ves of lemma ens ely sil ky E .

Nerves of lemma not silky . Caryopsis at maturity falling from the lemma an d palea ; seed loose in the

pericarp , this usually opening when 1 - ripe ; lemma nerved . Inflorescence capitate in the axils of

d . 0 broa bracts 1 5 . C R Y PSI S . I nflorescence an open or contracted

i . 106 pan cle . SPOROBOLUS . Caryopsis not falling from the lemma a n d r in palea , remaining pe manently closed in them ; seed adn ate to the

peri carp . —fl o wered d Panicles few , slen er , rather

loose ; glumes minute , unequal , the first often wanting ; low arctic -alpine

. 1 07 . PH IPP I perennial S A . -fl o we red i Panicles many , spikel ke or d d Open ; glumes well evelope , sub e q ua L A RT 5 1 935 P , ] POA CEA E 37 5

d Panicle Short , partly inclose in the

sheath ; low annual .

Panicle elongate ; perennial . L d d firm . emma roun e , apiculate , L d d emma kee le , com presse ,

acute but not apiculate ,

. AR C membranaceous TAGRO STI S . Glumes longer than the lemma (lemma equaling the A t - os s S ca end . a e uiva lvis a nd glumes in gr i pi r , A q ,

A . Thurber ia na ) . d Panicle feathery , capitate , nearly as broa as long ;

. AG spikelets woolly L URUS .

Panicle not feathery ; spikelets not woolly . d - Glumes compresse carinate , abruptly mucro stifii d nate , y ciliate on the keels ; panicle ense ,

d d . H cylin ric or ellipsoi P LEUM . d - Glumes not compresse carinate , not ciliate . ‘ — Glumes saccate at base ; lemma long awned ;

d . G A STR I DI UM inflorescence contracte , shining . Glumes not saccate at bas e ; lemma awned or

awnless ; panicles open or contracted . Florets bearing a tuft of hairs at the base

from the short callus , the hairs at least

. A A AG half as long as the lemma ; palea present C L M ROSTIS .

Florets without hairs at the base . or with short hairs rarely as much as half the length of the lemma (A grosti s H allii) ;

palea usually small or wan ting . Perfect spikelet surrounded by several sterile spikelets in the

form of bristles or delicate bracts .

Rachilla articulate below the glumes , these falling with the spikelet . Spikelets all alike . s Glume awnless . Rachilla not prolonged behind the palea ; panicle dense an d d d spikelike ; glumes unite towar the base , ciliate on the

keel . ALOPECURUS . d d r Rachilla prolonge behin the palea ; panicle na row or open , d d not ense ; glumes not unite , not ciliate on the keel . Panicle narrow ; lemma with a slender bent a n d twisted i awn from the b fid apex . Panicle open and drooping ; lemma with a minute straight

awn just below the entire apex . - Glumes long awn ed . S pikelets in pairs in a Spikelike panicle , one perfect , the other stam in ate u or ne ter , the pair falling together

Glumes wanting ; a low annual .

'

M M P1 1 . 1 7 53 . 4 . I I 9 L U L . Sp . . 6

' M l um i a i . 204 . 1 7 94 . M l um e usum L . i r Moench , Meth (Type species , i i fl )

- o . S l flo wered M derately tall grasses with flat blades and open panicles pikelets , dis l n o m art icu ati g ab ve the glumes ; glumes equal , obtuse , embranaceous , rounded on th e back ; n lemma a l ittle shorter than the glumes , obtuse , awnless , obscurel y erved , rounded on the o o back , d rsall y compressed , in fruit bec ming indurate , smooth , and shining , the margins

Pan um inclosing the palea , as in ic . 1 11 . e usum . Type species , fi L

1 3 m fi usum . . P1. 6 1 . 7 5 . 1 . M iliu e L Sp

'

M um e usum . M ilia ium e usum . 204 1 7 94 . s d L r fl Moench , Meth . (Ba e on ili fl ) '

M l um e u um . M e ca e a sa . Prod . 20 1 7 96 . d i s li j Salisb r . ( Base on i fi L ) ’ ‘ - - M um e us um . 28 . 0 i i Deca ndo l e u e t 1 8 9 . L ia fi sa Bast . Fl . Maine Loire (Based on l fl ) d M i um e usum L um usum . Sci . . 5 : 301 . 1825 . Paspa l efi Rasp Ann . Nat (Base on il fl ) — i l l . 5 Peren n al ; culms erect , often decumbent at base , slender , glabrous , meters tall , with slender creeping rhizomes ; sheaths glabrous ; l igule thin , rounded and dentate at summit , — — 1 0 20 . 3 5 . on mm l g ; blades flat , lax , scabrous on the margins and somewhat so beneath , cm — ' — 8 1 5 . o 1 0 20 . long , mm wide ; panicle pen , cm long , the slender branches in remote spreading — oo o r s 2 6 . or dr ping pairs fa cicles cm long , naked below ; spikelets pale ; gl umes scaberulous ,

o . about 3 mm . long ; lemma gray or br wnish

TYPE LOCA LITY : Europe . ' R d a nd S i i a nd h d DIST IB UTION : Dry or rocky woo s , Quebec Nova cot a to M nnesota , sout war to

Maryland a nd l llino is ; also in Eurasia .

98 . S . De . . 9 1 . A S . . . A ro st . 7 : . ; . I LLUSTR TIONS : Bull . U . Dep Agr g f Bull U p Agr 37 6 NORTH A M ERIC A N FL ORA [VOLUME 1 7

2 P1. . 1 7 5 3 . 9 5 . ARI STI DA L . Sp . 8

6 1 1 2 . A d lr la . . i . 8 5 . 8 s s c ha elar la B e auv . A rost . 3 0. l C g p , f , (Type species , ri ti a Michx ) 1 1 2 A d cho o m l . d 3 2 1 59 . . 8 7 . 8 . s a x . urto o o n Beau v . A r o s t . C p g g , p . f (Type species . ri ti a i t Mich ) 8 t da h m e c 2 1 52 . 1 1 2 . A s . . v A o s t . 3 A rthrather um Be a u . r g , (Type speci es , ri i ygro tri a R Br )

1 1 . d e . i S . I : 1 24 . 8 5 5 sc b a S . lo sa a nd K . . . tre t chne H . E . S p a Nov Gen p (Inclu s three species , a r , p ,

i A s d . Slr e lachn e . . 5 . sl i o ides . 5 . te n n is , all belong ng to ri ti a ) Not p R Br (Type species p ) 0 d l 22 1 . 1 83 . s c is Tr oslis . l . . S i l : ix Raf Bul Bot er nge (Type species , A ri ti a gra i \ l 22 1 . 1 830. r istida la no s 1 1 uh . ll o ulin s ia . . . S i 1 : e I Raf Bull Bot er nge (Typ e sp cies , A a )

Sti a rosl is L 7 : 2 90. 1 832 . , 5 . c ensis . r p g Nees , innaea (Type species ap Nees ) This g oup consti tutes Arn ca a section of A ris ti da not represe nted in North eri . 2 5 1 8 2 c A id cili l h n t d . . 1 2 : 2 . 5 . s a a S c islach e . B eN o . . Fig Mem Acca Torino I I (Type spe ies , ri t a

d d S li a r oslis . Desf . ) The group shoul be referre to section p g d r ullen H l d 22 5 . 1 854 . s i a o s is . Ortachn e S . . . Nees ; eem Bot Voy era (Type Species , A ri t j Kunth )

1 85 4 . S n . a . Not Orlachn e Nees (Steud . y Gr m

n n i l o or s l il An ual or pere n a grasses with narr w flat involute blade , very short ligu es (c iolate

m m . i s . G o m i and usuall y not more than 0. 5 long) and narrow or open pan cle lumes narr w , acu

o r n n l 1 r o r r t m w on nate aw ed , equal or u equa , ne ved the fi st some i es ith a second nerve on e - r al a t e al side , rarel y 3 or 5 nerved , the fi st usu l y sc brous on t he keel , some im s so on the back , the

i O r i m r in second glabrous , the awn term nal somet mes from a slight notch ; lem a at matu ity du n i l tin rate , terete or somewhat compressed , convolute arou d the palea , d sarticu a g at base an d

in 4 bear g a pointed barbed callus as much as 2 mm . long (rarely the bo dy glabrous or i sometimes scabrous on the upper half or to ward the tip , often narrowed above an d pass n g into

th e n n 3 u i n s an d the base of aw s ; aw s , n ted at base , the basal portion or colum sometime elongate im o i t somet es twisted , rarel y articulate with the body , the lateral awns s met mes reduced or wan l awn n ing , the centra sometimes coiled at base in a spiral , all the aw s sometimes co nto rted

in ar r efl exed t awn r efl x at base a loose p tial spiral , ascending or , sometimes the cen ral e ed by a semicircul ar bend

A n o . adsce si nis L . Type species ,

L w n Se 1 . A RTm R R M emma arti culate wi th the colum n of the a ns ; aw s nearly equal . ction ATHE U m Le m a not arti culate . 1 r n i . See L ate al aw s minute (less than m m . long) or wan t ng ( also ’ h m a n m A . dic oto d . r a os isszm a haetar ia . S 2 N I T a A of section C ) ection . U SE A .

in . f m Lateral awns more than 1 m m . long (rarely Obsolete A a o

s l l d d S t 3 . C H TAR I A . usua ly we l evelope . ec ion A E

Section 1 . AR THR ATHE R UM .

Plants annual . - d Culms glabrous ; awns arcuate contorte at base . n Colum very short .

m m . i d . Column long , tw ste m es di - d Cul s pub cent ; awns vergent but not arcuate contorte at base .

Plants perennial . u C lms pubescent .

Culms glabrous .

Secti on 2 . UN ISE TA .

Awn (column) twisted at base . — 1 0 1 5 . Glumes nearly equal , mm long .

Lateral awns minute or obsolete .

L d 1 m m . . ateral awns evi ent , as much as long — m d in d 7 8 m m . . Glu es ist ctly unequal , the secon long

Awn not twisted . Plants ann ual a nm al Pl nts pere . Awn more or less arcuate but not horizontall y bowed ; lateral awns

obsolete or nearly so . n the an d d e Panicle , branches long nake b low (shorter in var m m or)ope i d fl o rife ro us Pan cle somewhat con ensed , the branches from base , d the spikelets c rowde . d u l iz de flexed e Awn curve abr pt y hor ontally or ; lat ral awns present ,

less than 1 mm . long .

S m 6 . c d h 8 m m . . 1 2 . P ur heaths pilose at t roat ; first glu e mm , the se on long A pus ia n a .

S r 1 2 . d heaths glabrous at th oat ; first glume mm long , the secon a ’

. 1 A o um a little shorter 3 . F ien a n a

t 3 . BA T I Sec ion C E AR A . t l r l Cen ra awn Spi al y coiled at base . L r l h d e , d . 1 4 . A bas ir m ate al awns ha f to two t ir s as long as the c n tral somewhat sprea ing a ea . a l — L n e 1 3 m m . h a . tera aw s muc shorter th n the c ntral , long , erect — a 6 8 . m e d Glumes ne rly equal , mm long ; lem a sparsely appr sse pilose , 5—6 . . 1 5 . A . d cho to mm long i ma .

37 8 NORTH A M ER IC A N FLO R A [VOLUM E 1 7

L d d emma gra ually narrowe above , scaberulous on the upper half ; leaves mostly in a short curly cluster at the

th . Pend a na . base of e plant A . l f L d se a emma scarcely narrowe above , beru lo u s onl y at the tip ; leaves not lon t . . e conspicuously basal A g i s a . d First glume not much shorter than the secon , sometimes a

little longer . - Sheaths lanate pubescent . > 1 d . 1 l n Awns une ua , the centra on er , recurve a osa . q l l l g - s d . I b { S cr z ner za n a . Awns about equal , somewhat sprea ing — Sheaths not lanate pubescent . — 3 5 m m . d Column of awn at maturity long , istinctly d twiste .

5 . a n d B lades usually less than cm long , firm straight , — 1 0 1 5 . n e l mostl y involute ; awns mm long . g ecta . d Blades elongate , the ol er ones often flat , curly or — 3 . fl ex uo u s ; awns cm long .

Awns not contorted at base . d Panicle elongate , ense , the spikelets closely 2 . a e imbricate ; central awn about cm long . A . ppr ssa . d Panicle more or less interru pte .

B lades all more or less involute .

r . Cent al awns about cm long , the P r d n . . a lateral about cm A a a . — 1 6 1 8 . Central awn mm long , the — 1 0 9 . A . l c lateral mm H i hcockia na . d s d Bla e , the lower ones , flat , curle or

fle xuo us . , the upper , involute 2 Awns cm . long . 1 Awns about cm . long .

Awns strongly contorted at base .

3 . Column of awn less than mm long , or if so long , not d twiste .

Blades involute , villous on the upper surface near the

base .

Blades not involute an d villous . Rhizomes present . Rhizomes wanting . n d Aw s at maturity about equally ivergent , sometimes slightly twisted but not

spirall y contorted at base . d d . Bla es flat , at least towar the base 44 ( Compare glabrous specimens of . n A . la osa . ) Culms mostly more than 1 meter tall ; — d 3 5 . d . er cla bla es mm wi e A . e . 7 0 Culms mostly less than cm . tall ; d 2 bla es usually less than mm .

wide . — 7 . Lamin a 5 mm long . First glume longer than the

d . u secon p rpura scens . First glume shorter than the

Second . 1 0— 2 L emma 1 mm . long ; awns somewhat spreading but scarcely horizontal ; panicle mostly less ’

1 5 . . L iebm a n than cm long A . m . B lades involute . d an d stifi Bla es short , mostly less than

3 . cm long , usually approximate in ti - fl an d . s A . cu i oli pairs ; culms very wiry rt f a .

d m 5 . B la es ostly more than cm long , x not appro imate in pairs . s tifil Panicle loose , the branches y d d ascen ing or sprea ing , few — fl o were d 2 3 . ; awns cm long .

1 2 . . a h First glume about mm long A . P ri s ii .

i 7 . . . ortor icensis F rst glume about mm long A p . d Panicle rather ense , the branches d d appresse , rather ensely several - flo we red ; awns l cm . long . m Callus of lem a nearly 2 mm . fi 1 long ; rst glume cm . long ; lemma a little longer than the 2 . . h . C aseae glumes ; awns cm long A . A RT 5 1 93 5 P , ] POACEAE 37 9

Callus of lemma about mm .

long . Culms erect ; blades as much 0 as 3 cm . long ; first glume

about 7 mm . long ; lemma 8 about mm . long ; awns

. . 62 cm on . A . wa rlz l g S ian a . Culms spreading an d branch ing at bas e ; blades 5 — 1 5 — cm . long ; first glume 4 5 — . 6 7 mm long ; lemma mm . lo n a wns l — l . 5 . . 63 . ; . co n g cm long A g o la . d Awns at maturity unequally ivergent , or d spirally contorte at base . Central awn horizontall y spreading or reflexed d by a semicircular ben , the

lateral awns erect or spreading . L d r ateral awns erect , two thir s to th ee

fourths as long as the central . 1 2 . . 64 . A . in Glumes about mm long afl is .

6 . . 65 A . v Glumes about mm long . irg ala . d fl x L ateral awns sprea ing or re e ed . L ateral awns half as long as the d 8 central ; panicle rather ense ,

1 5 . . l n cm long A . i cla . L ateral awn s nearly as long as the d central ; panicle slen er , few flo we red 1 0—30 , cm . long . — Glumes 6 7 mm . long ; spikelets

. . sim lici or mostly in pairs A p fl a . Glumes about 1 cm . long ; spike

. 68 . M Ohrii lets solitary . Central awn not distingu ished by a semi circular bend ; all the awns spirally

contorted at base .

Blades flat . d Panicle slen er , the branches short , d -flo we re d . 69 . A len uis c rather istant , few pi a .

Panicle rather stout , the branches

1 0 . as much as cm long , rather d -flo we re d ensely many .

8 . L emma mm long , the beak 1 less than mm . long .

4 . Lemma mm long , the beak — 2 3 mm . long . B lades involute . d Callus very slen er , mm . long . — Callus 1 mm . long . — Awns 3 cm . long .

7 . L emma mm long , gla

brous , the awns strongly contorted at base ; plants d rather stout , the bla es as

as 20 . much cm long , the

panicles as much as 30 cm . Brillo norum long . 1 0 se a L emma mm . long ,

brous on the upper half , the awns weakly con ‘ totted at bas e ; plants d d 5—10 slen er , the bla es the 7 —1 5 cm . long , panicle

7 4 . A calcicola . cm . long . . Awns about 1 cm . long . First glume glabrous on the

75 . A . Rose . keel . i First glume scabrous on the r ke e L 7 6 . A . ref acla .

2 - rsb Ar de sm an th . t. Pé te . . 7 : . R M em . S V I l istida a Trin . upr . Acad

1 09 . 1 843 .

a s 8 0 . Plants annual ; culms erect , branching , smooth , as much cm tall ; sheaths glabrous , o r the u - the lower villo s or appressed hispid , villous on the margin and at throat ; blades folded

- or in vol ute , gl abrous beneath or scabrous toward the u pper end , scabrous and striate nerved on — a 20 . 2 3 . the upper surf ce , scabrous on the margins , as much as cm long , mm wide , tapering to a 380 N ORTH A M ERIC A N FL ORA [VOLUME 1 7

- ffl as 20 . fine point ; panicle usuall y long exserted , as much cm long , the branches sti y ascending ,

of as 8 . very scabrous , mostl y in pairs unequal length , rather distant , the lower as much cm

e 1 m k o r o long , b aring to few spikelets toward the sum it ; spi elets brownish yell wish , the pedicels — 1 . i 1 1 0 mm . long ; glumes sl ightl y unequal , the body about cm long , taper ng into an awn about — on 7 8 . o o o half as long , the first scabrous the keel ; lemma mm l ng , glabrous bel w , s mewhat

i 2 m m . laterall y compressed and slightl y tw sted at summit , the densel y pubescent callus about — c 2 . 1 2 . r i u long ; awns s abrous , cm long , united for mm , the bases cu ved in a sem circ l ar

deflexed . somewhat contorted bend , the upper part thus usuall y

M E LOC A LI TY : Texas (Drum m ond

B : d d d an d s . DISTRI UTION Open san y soil or san y woo s , Illinois Nebraska to Texa

A ost . 1 7 : . 41 6 . ILLUSTRA TION : Bull . U . S . Dep . Agr . gr f

ri e o . Gen . 1 : 5 7 . 1 8 1 8 . 2 . A stida tub rcul sa N utt

b . 2 : 2 1 1 . 1 824 . d st da tubercu . S . S . . C haelaria tu erculosa Schult . in R yst Veg Mant (Base on A ri i lo sa Nutt . ) — t u 30 60 . 1 a Plan s annual ; c l ms erect , branching , smooth , cm or even as much as meter t ll ; s l o t o o r il sheaths glabrous , spar e y vill us at the hr at the lowermost sparsel y v lous th roughout ;

1 . o ligule a ciliate membrane about mm long ; blades involute , glabrous beneath except t ward the — ti o 1 0 20 . p , str ngl y nerved and scabrous on the upper surface , scabrous on the margin , cm - — fl xuou i 1 0 20 . e tifil 2 4 m m . o or e s s long , wide , m re less ; pan cles mostl y cm long , the branch s y l o ascending , very sca brous , rather distant , most y in pairs , the l nger one naked at base , bearing n a few spki elets on the upper half , the sho rter one branching near the base and beari g usuall y

- — i s s t 3 5 . m two sp kelet ; spikelet p ale or dark brown , the shor er pedicels mm long ; glu es about k c o on o awn equal , glabrous on the bac , the first s abr us the keel , graduall y narrowed int an , — c i awn r 1 1 1 3 m m . about cm . long in lud ng the ; fe tile lemma long , glabrous excep t for the — i o c 3 4 . slightl y scabrous summ it , extend ng downward int a densel y p ubescent allus mm long ; — — o 1 0 1 5 . 2 3 . not i column of awns twisted , scabr us , mm long , the upper mm twisted but un ted , i l i al deflexed above this form ng a semicircu ar bend , the term nal straight part of the awn s usu l y , — 3 4 cm . long .

A : e . TYPE LOC LITY Near Augusta , G orgia : d d i an d th e DISTRIB UTION Open san y fiel s , Massachusetts to Georg a Mississippi , near coast ; d r en d L an d in h i di aroun the southe n of ake Michigan ot er localit es in Wisconsin , In ana , Illinois ,

an d . Iowa . Minnesota

TRA . . . . A . A ost . 7 : . 88 I LLUS TION : Bull U S Dep gr gr f .

in sularis h . o . . . . e . 22 : 2 1 . r en C U 3 A istida p Hitc c ntr S Nat H rb 5 . 24 1 9 .

l — c l n e 1 0—20 Plan ts annua , bushy branched ; u ms slender , ascending , branchi g , pub scent , a o o l th e r cm . t l l ; sheaths glabr us , pubescent a t the thr at and sl ight y so on colla ; blades flat o r

l n — r o u r 1 3 . somewhat involute , glabrous beneath , pube u en t the upper s rface , ne ved , cm long ; — o 1 3 -flowered 1 - panicles very numerous , m stl y ; glumes unequal , nerved , glabrous or the keel

f t ti th fi 1 cm o e . c o 2 . the first sl igh l y scabrous toward p , rst about long , a ute , the second ab ut cm

o o ti no t n 8 . o o long , narr wed in t a slender p but aw ed ; lemma about mm long , glabr us bel w , r o 2 m m m inutel y scabe ulous toward the summit , the callus densel y pubescen t , ab ut . long ; 2 3 — o . 4 5 . i column ab u t cm long , twisted , the awn s about equal , cm long , diverg ng but not

- ar cuate conto rted at bas e . M E A : Lo s L . LOC LITY Angeles Bay , ower California R : S d n DIST IB UTION an y beaches , know only from the type collection .

i

4 . i ni h l f o . . . B i S ot. C f 2 : 2 . 1 8 . Ar stida ca r ca T urb ; Wats ali 89 . 8 0

' st da ne H 3 i J sii . . S . . . : 48 m li rn i 1 . ca 892 . A r i o Vasey , Contr U Nat erb , as synony of A jo ca . ' d al v ist a c i orm ca ar . u a S . H . . e . 3 : 49 . 1 892 A r i f f g itiv Vasey , Contr U Nat . rb . (Type from Colorado i i . Desert , Cal forn a )

n h l ia c l n h e Pla ts tufted , much branc ed at base , apparent y perenn l ; u ms bra c ed , sl nder , — 1 0 3 0 . o ul pubescen t , cm tall ; sheaths glabr us or puber ent , pubescen t at the thr oat and on the AR T 5 1 93 5 P , 1 POACEAE 38 1

o r in o t c lla ; blades mostl y volute , scabr us benea h , puberulent on the upper surface , nerved ,

- t 5 . l flower ed e mos l y less than cm long ; panic es numerous , mostly few racemes ; glum s unequal ,

— - - l r 8 . i as as 1 nerved , the fi st about mm long and about two th rds long the second , nerved o i n 5—7 m m acutish , the sec nd narrowed in to a slender po n t but scarcely aw ed ; lemma . long , — 2 glabrous below , scaberulous toward the summ it , the strongl y pubescen t callus mm . long ,

- u i t n 1 5 20 . i the mat re fru t mot led ; colum mm long , terete and very scabrous below , tw sted and o f n l o less scabrous above , the free en ds the aw s about equa , cm . l ng , spreading hori z on tall o i y or s mewhat ascend ng , the bases arcuate and slightly contorted .

M E LOCA LITY : Colorado Dese rt [California] . I : d r and t x DI STR B UTION Dry san y or g avelly soil , southern California nor hwestern Me ico

r b V e h . C o . U . . . i e . 22 : 22 . 5 . A ist da gla rata ( as y) Hitc c ntr S Nat H rb 5

1 924 .

2 2 2 A is tida cali o n ica . m a o . . d . . : 1 . 1 889 r f r var j r Vasey , Proc Calif Aca II , name only '

is tida ca li or m ca v ar . a b a a a . . d . . 3 : 1 7 8 . 1 89 1 . A r f gl r t V sey , Proc Calif Aca II

- — n al l er i 20 40 . Plant p ere ni ; cu ms ect , branch ng , glabrous , cm tall ; sheaths glabrous , the v e ul l coll ar and throat glabrous ; blades mo stl y in olute , scab r ous beneath , puberu en t o n the — — ur of 1 3 . 3 6 cm . o to upper s face , those the culm mostl y cm long ; panicles narrow , l ng , few — — l flo wered i o r k e 1 3 . o severa , the sp kelets single in pairs ; spi elets appr ssed , the pedicels mm l ng ;

m 1 - v fi glu es unequal , ner ed , smooth except the first slightly scabrous on the keel above , the rst — — 0 1 2 . u 5 6 m m . o o no t n 1 ac te , long , the secon d narrowed int a slender p int , aw ed , mm long ; — ti m 5 7 . o c m fer le lem a mottled at maturity , mm l ng , s aberulous toward sum it , the callus densely w 6—1 4 m m e o m m . c . pub scen t , ab ut long , the slender t isted s abrous column long ; awns — i o ff o A . tal rnica i 2 cm . al 3 . about equ , diverg ng , long This species di ers fr m f in the glabrous

umn o o . cul ms , the shorter col , an d t he longer , m re densel y fl wered panicles

A TY : San é de l d S L i . TYPE LOC LI Jos Cabo , To os antos , ower Cal fornia

RIB : dr r d A an d Lo . DIST UTION Open y g oun , rizona wer California

2 - M em . . t . Pé tersb . . 7 : ri Schiedeana . 81 R . S V I 6 . A stida Trin upr Acad 4 1 20. 1 8 3 .

i 86 an . t d t . . 7 6 . 1 8 . S L A ris i a Virle ii Fourn . Mex . Pl Gram (Type from uis Potos )

7 7 1 886 . S F é . ist d exu sa r . . . . . A r i a fl o Fou n Mex Pl Gram (Type from anta , Mexico ) — ni ul o r 3 0 60 Plan ts p eren al ; c ms erect , tufted , glabrous sl igh tl y roughened or puberulen t , r l i cm . or even as much as 1 meter tall ; sheaths glabrous o minutel y scaberu ous , densely v llous — o o r e o r at the throat an d on the well marked c llar , glabr scent on these parts ; blades flat the — o ul o on 1 0 3 0 upper in volute (at leas t in drying) , glabr us beneath , scaber us the upper surface ,

30 . . on h 3 m m . a to o as cm l g , as muc as wide , t pering a fine p int ; panicle open , much as cm long ,

o oo n r . in i n ddin g or dr pi g , the branches few , distan t , solita y or pairs , scabrous , spread ng and

i 20 . n a o drooping or ascend ng , as much as cm lo g , br nched at or ab ve the middle , the branchlets i o of c or spikel ets appressed ; sp kelets so mewhat cr wded at the ends the bran hes , the pedicels

the o t 3 . on e o angled , sh r er ones about mm l g ; glum s a l ittle unequal , the first sh rter , at least the o on l - first pubescen t on the back as well as scabr us the keel , nerved or the first with a pair of

— - — 8 1 0 . n r 1 0 1 5 . o c lateral e ves , mm l ng , a uminate and awn tipped ; lemma mm long , graduall y — n o o a o o o to 1 0 1 7 . arr wed int a sc br us twisted c lumn , the t tal length the bend mm , the callus — o 45 5 1 0 . rather btuse , densely p ilose ; central awn divergent as much as degrees , straight , mm

on o o r . l g , the lateral awns bsolete minute

Y C A L I W Z Schiede T PE LO Jalapa , Mexico (

R a nd s and M ex1co . DIST IB UTION : Rocky hills plains , ea tern central to Guatemala

an V e l . o e C 1 3 : 2 7 . 1 886 . 7 . Aristida O rcutti a as y , Bul T rr y lub

1 2 1 . . d h om e a s R e rt . S . . 1 7 : 146 . 9 ) A risti a yp g Mez , pe p Nov (Type from New Mexico

/ dea na o , R esembling A . Schle ; culms more slender ; blades m stl y involute ; panicle narrower the branches shorter ; glumes gl abrous except the keel , not pubescent on the surfaces , mucronate 3 82 N ORT H A M ERI C A N FL OR A [VOLUM E 1 7

from a bifid apex , the first a l ittle longer than the second ; lateral awns of lemma usuall y evident ,

as much as 1 mm . long .

' A : H L cu TYPE LOC LITY ansen s Ranch , ower California (Or tt

: i a n d a n d h M e xnc o . DISTRIB UTION Rocky h lls canyons , Texas to southern California nort western

H intoni h o s . n o v . 8 . Aristida Hitc c ck , p

no t Sheaths glabrous , sparsely pilose at the throat , the collar a sharp pubescent ridge , extendin g across the distinct m idn erv e of the sheath and blade ; ligule a very sh o rt membrane ;

blades elongate , flat at base , loosely involute above , pilose on t he upper surface especiall y near

the base , glabrous beneath toward base , scabrous on the margins and on the attenuate involute — — ti 1 5 25 . 3 5 . p ; p an icle erect , narrow , somewhat Open , cm long , cm wide , the ax is scabrous — 8 1 5 . o except the lower internodes , the branches very scabrous , very Slender , ascending , cm l ng ,

o f mostl y in pairs , bu t each branch the lower pairs usuall y branched near base , n aked below , — l 1 2 . the branchlets ascending , naked below , the u timate lateral pedicels mm long ; glumes tw o the purple , unequal , the first half to thirds as long as the secon d , scabrous on keel , sometimes — o o 7 8 . s mewhat notched , mucronate , the second notched or obtuse , mucronate , glabr us , mm — 4 5 . long ; body of lemma mm long , the callus slender , pubescent ; first section of awn (neck or

8 . o r column) somewhat twisted , minutely scabrous , about mm long ; lateral awns minute — 6 1 0 . . The wanting ; central awn slightly divergent , mm long specimens consist of several t panicles with one o r two of the upper culm leaves . The spikele s are immature an d the

description may not appl y exactl y to mature specimens .

— — labrae ube r ulo an icula u 1 5 25 . 3 5 . Vaginae g , collo p ; p erecta , ang sta , patula , cm longa , cm lata , — racilibu s sc abris as c en den tibu s 8 1 5 . u ur ure ae in ae u ale s m u c ro n atae ramis g , , , cm longis ; gl mac p p , q , , — — — 4 . m 4 5 . d 7 8 . 5 u prima mm longa , secun a mm longa ; lemma mm long m , callo gracili ; colu na aristae ili m in a e n u lla d a ll di 8 . aullum to r t s ut e u um circa mm longa , p ; aristae laterales vel ; arista me ia p — 6 1 0 . . vergens , mm longa

d R in cOn de l m t S O f x d 1 340 Type collecte at Car en , Temascaltepec Dis rict , tate Me ico , altitu e

S 1 5 1 932 Geo . B . H in lo n 1 7 29 . S . . H . n o . meters , eptember , , (U Nat erb

2 é v . . 2 . 1 8 9 . 9 . orull en sis h R 6 Ari stida j Kunt , Gram

hn . B . K . . 81 . l : 1 24 . 1 8 1 5 . ist a l sa . 1 24 lre la c e lo s H . S 8 S p pi a Nov Gen p Not A r id pi o L abill .

H d 225 1 85 4 . S lre la chn e lo l chn e ilos . . . d s O r a p a Nees ; Seem Bot Voy eral . (B ase on p pi a

d m n z n ll n . H 1 2 ist a a i oa a t . . S . . : 82 . 1 893 . A r i a Vasey , Con r U Nat erb ( Type from Manzanillo ,

Mexico . ) '

d . e d . 2 2 43 A t da u l Sli a caes osa l d . S . . . : 6 s or l enszs . p pit Wi l ; teu Nom Bot , as synonym of ri i j Kunth

1 84 1 .

l e o 20 40 or Plants annual ; cu ms slender , tufted , branched at al l the nod s , glabr us , even — 60 . o 1 0 . 1 2 . o r cm tall ; sheaths glabr us ; blades mostl y less than cm long , mm wide less , flat or n fin e o o — involute in drying , taper i g to a p in t , glabr us beneath , scabrous puberulen t on upper i 1 —20 0 . surface , also bear ng scattered long hairs ; pan icles narrow , cm long , the axis slender , fiexuous somewhat , the panicle and peduncle elongating at maturity , becoming as much as a

flo rif ro us meter long and more or less prostrate , the branches shor t , distan t , e to base , the axils of o branches and branchlets with a few l ng hairs , these scattered on the branches also ; glumes

— ~ - a 5 7 m m . 1 3 ne rl y equal , long , nerved , or obscurel y nerved , glabrous ; lemma scabrous on the n keel , extend i g into a laterall y compressed beak and this into the single terete scabrous cur ved

fiexuous awn o r . o , the callus about mm l ng , rather sparsel y pilo se , the to tal length of lem ma — in 1 5 3 5 . i o s and awn be g mm long , there be ng no distincti n between the par t , the l ateral awns wanting . I n the groups of spikelets on the sh o rt branches the awn of the upper spikelet is often f longer t han those o the lo wer spikelets .

M A E : . LOC LITY Near Jorullo , Mexico : d DISTRIB UTION Dry open groun , Mexico to Panama .

i 1 0. r tern C e s . I c . 5 : 4 A istida p av 6 . 1 7 99 .

lre la hn S c e scab a H . E K . . . . 8: S . 1 : 1 24 . 1 8 1 5 . p r Nov Gen p (Type from near Toluca , Mexico . ) tre l hn S a c e len uis H . E . K . . . S . 1 : 1 24 . 1 8 15 . p Nov Gen p (Type from Venezuela . )

A s d scab a R ev . . 62 . 1 829 . a d lre la hn ri ti a r Kunth , Gram (B se on S p c e sca bra

ist da en u s R é v . . 62 . 1 829 . d lre l A r i t i Kunth , Gram (Base on S p achn e lenuis A RT 5 1 93 5 P , ] POACEAE 388

d . d . i a ten n is S . . e d . 2 . 2 : 643 Sl st da en n s . 1 84 1 . p Will ; teu Nom Bot , as synonym of A ri i t i Kunth i sca b - 3 M uh en be i . 8: . M em . d . t . Pé t 1 4 . sb 7 : 1 83 . 8 3 . d ist da l rg a ra Tr n Rupr Aca S er . VI . ( Base on A r i

scabra Kunth , )

- ben s is . . S H . 1 3 1 1 . 5 Slre tachne cu 1 : 1 8 0. . p A Rich in agra , ist Cuba (Type from Cuba ) 9 hne rt hn c b . . S o c . . 2 7 2 5 1 880. lr la s O ac e s a ra Fourn Bull Bot France : . ( Bas ed on S ep c ca bra

r l hn ten n s r . u . SO C . . 2 7 : 295 . 1 880 d Slre lachne ten n s O a c e i Fou n B ll Bot France . (Base on p i

n n 5 0—1 00 Pla ts peren ial ; culms erect , firm , several in a tuft , glabrous , mostl y em , tall ;

sheaths glabrous or scabrous toward the summit , slightly villous or glabrate at the throat ; — 40 . . 2 3 blades flat , involute above and tapering into a fine involute point , as much as cm long i o mm . w de , narrower than the summit of the sheath , scabrous or gl abr us beneath , scabrous or — i scabrous pubescent o n the upper surface , more or less v llous at base and sometimes sparsely so i o o above the base ; pan cle pen , n dding at summit , one third to half the entire length of the t cul m , the branches few , distan , spreading , scabrous , solitary or fascicled , often in threes , l most y n aked at base ; spikelets appressed at the ends of the branches ; glumes about equal ,

- — — mi l 3 8 1 0 . acu nate , nerved or obscurel y nerved , mm long , the first scabrous on the keel ; l emm a glabrous , the keel often strongly scabrous , gradually narrowed into a laterall y compressed

' a falca te beak l — o sc brous nerved on each side , this extending int the single arcuate scabrous

e awn as 2 . nearly t rete , the callus pilose w ith hairs much as mm long , the lemma to the obsolete — — — 1 0 1 5 . 7 20 . i 1 7 . 7 30 . or m nute lateral awns about mm ( mm ) long , the central awn mm ( mm ) l o ng .

TYPE LOCA LITY : Panama . I l a nd dr An zo n a S i DISTR B UTION : Rocky hil s y plateaus , to northern outh Amer ca ; Bahamas ;

Cuba .

H l . 40. K . . . 8: S . I LLUSTRA TION : . B . Nov Gen p p

hiedea n 3 . Sc a 2 3 453 . 1 93 . d erni e mi H . . d . : Aristi a t p s var . nor (Vasey) itchc . Jour Wash Aca A

H . 3 : S . . 3 2 1 886 . . d e ens . . m i no s . 1 : 8 . var . r Va ey , Bull Torrey Club A iv rg Vasey , Contr U Nat erb

H . . te n i es . d ve ens 4 2 o n lz e n . m ino . . r 1 89 . d . S c i dea a 8 . ( Base A var r Vasey ) A p var i rg itchc Contr n d d A . d ve ens . S a S . . H . 22 : 525 . 1 924 . U . Nat erb ( Base on i rg Vasey ) maller often prostrate or

di d f , ascen ng , the panicle usually more than half the entire length of the plant , less i fuse the shorte r

fl A : . : branches usually s tifli y spreading or somewhat de e xe d . TYPE LOC LITY Arizona DISTRIB UTION

S . . . an d a n d u . A : . . Rocky hills plains , Texas to Arizona Nicarag a ILLUSTR TION Bull U Dep Agr

Ag ros t . l 7 : f . 43 1 .

3 5 . 1 885 . V C . e U . . 1 1 fl rid ha m . a e . Aristida o ana (C p ) s y , at Grass s S 1 60 r t hn or d n ha m F l . U . . 5 54 . 8 . St ep ac e fl i a a C p . S . S

l o 60 . o ; Cu ms erect , simple , slender , ab ut cm tall ; Sheaths glabr us , pilose at the throat ligu le a t runcate membrane less than mm . long ; blades elongate , loosely involute , p ilose on — — 20 30 . 2 3 mm . cm long , the upper surface near the base , wide when flat ; panicle narrow , erect ,

filifo rm o the a xis slender , angled , scabrous , the branches ascending , verlapping , rather densel y

— - t o r if o us 2 4 . , fl er from near the base , cm long ; sp ikelets short pediceled ; glumes abou equal — o or u 6 7 . glabro s , mm long , the first acuminate , the second obtuse or somewhat er se mucronate

1 . 7 . lemm a glabrous , about mm long , the pilose obtuse flat callus nearly mm long , extending

- fla is u o awn 2 . above into an angled or tt h scabro s , str ngl y curved , or sickle shaped about cm

on . l g , the lateral awns obsolete but with a sl igh t join t about the middle d T Y PE LOC A LITY : Sou thern Flori a . DISTRIB UTION : Known only from the original collection at Key West . 22 A ro st . 4 . I LLUSTR A TION : Bull . U . S . Dep . Agr . g

1 7 : 2 7 6 . A i d Pur usiana h . C o . U . . . e . 1 2 . r sti a p Hitc c ntr S Nat H rb

1 9 1 3 .

— f ts 50 60 cm . high the branches sti fly Plan perennial ; culms erect , slender , rigid , glabrous , , - — 1 0 . o 1 2 . 5 cm long , becoming asc en ding ; sheaths glabrous , pilose a t the thr at ; blades mm wide , — fe w-flo we red 1 5 25 . , involute ; panicle narrowl y p yramidal , cm long , the branches few , short , — f reflexed the 5 6 . ; fi nall y spreading or , lower cm long , the branchlets and pedicel s sti fl y ascending l - 6 . 8 . , , glumes so mewhat unequal , the first about mm , the second mm long , smooth nerved

1 . slightl y notched at the apex ; lemma conspicuousl y pilose at the base , about cm long to base

f 1 . ; o awns , straigh t , minutel y scabrous on the short beak , the lateral awns scarcel y mm long

. termi na l awn about 8 mm . long , recurved by a semicircular bend

A : Sa n e de l m Lo ( F a pa s TYPE LOC LITY Jos Cal , wer California r DISTRI B UTI ON : Known onl y from sou thern Lo wer California . 384 NORT H A M ER IC A N FLORA [VOLUM E 1 7

F oum ierian a h o . 1 3 . Aristida H itc c ck d 1 1854 . S teu e m n r d . A . e i i a S I . 7 7 . 1 886 . o P . A ri stida gem in ifior a Foum . Mex . Gram Not g fi teu ( . intended to transfer S tipagrostis gem in if olia to Aristida but by error changed the s pe C Ific name

to gem in ifior a . )

o not o ni Blades and branches stifii y divergent ; sheaths scaberul us , hairy at the th r at ; pa cle — ff i 45 1 0 1 5 cm . l ong , narrow , loose , erect , the branches sti l y ascend ng at an angle of about

i

i l l 3 . o degrees , distan t , s ngle but usua ly bearing a short basa branch , the lower about cm l ng , — i n 1 2 k bearing 4 6 sp kelets , the upper bear i g or spi elets ; glumes glabrous except the very sligh tl y

- l l 1 2 . o scabrous keel toward the apex , nerved , mucronate , the first mm l ng , the secon d a l itt e

t- t e in th e sho rter ; lemma about 8 mm . long , the callus shor pilose , h body glabrous , extending to s o awn m n 1 4 . o scabrous c lumn of the , the lem a and colum mm l ng , the lateral awn s erect , le s m i z o 1 . r than mm long , the cen tral awn cu ved in a se circle at base , hori ntal or somewhat re curved , about 8 mm . long .

x TYPE LOCA LITY : Me ico . DISTRIBUTION : Known onl y from the ty pe collection (L i ebm an n

9 : 7 6 . 1 884 . r basir e e . V e B o t . Gaz . 1 4 . A istida am a Eng lm ; as y ,

a n l o or n scaberu Plants n ual ; cu ms branched at base , erect , rather slender , glabr us m i utel y — i 3 0 5 0 . l lous , usuall y cm ta l ; sheaths glabrous ; blades flat , nvolute toward the attenuate apex ,

r t l scabrous on the upper surface , str ongl y ne ved , bese with a few long delicate hairs , g abrous on the 1 5 . . the lower surface , as much as cm long an d mm wide ; panicles terminal an d axillary , — il 5 1 0 . x terminal narrow , loose , cm long , the short branches with l to a few spikelets , the a lary 1 - pan icles mostl y enclosed in the sheaths but breakin g through at the side ; glumes nerved ,

- — — n o o n 1 2 1 5 . 2 3 somewhat u equal , mucr nate or sh rt aw ed , the secon d mostl y mm long , the first l o s - m m . sh o rter , scabrous on the kee ; lemma scabrous on the keel an d s mewhat appre sed hispi d

— l awn l 1 . o o m a near the keel , about cm long , the callus sh rt p ilose , the c lu n obsolete ; cen tr coi ed — — 2 3 o l o t i e 1 0 1 5 . o n al to two at base in l ose spira s , s mewha d v rgen t , mm l ng , the l ateral aw s h f

n . difi ers A . dichotom a A . Curtissii in thirds as long , somewhat spreadi g Th is species from an d t he longer glum es an d l ong spread in g l ateral awn s .

’

I\rPE A : n n . LOC LI TY Mi neapolis , Min esota B : d W i sco nsm an d i a n d DISTRI UTION Open barren or san y soil , North Dakota to Illino s Kansas ; d in tro uced in Maine . A S . . . ost . 41 5 . ILLUSTR A TION : Bull . U . Dep Agr gr

h h . r . 1 4 1 1 . r B o . : . 803 . 1 5 A istid a dic otoma Mic x Fl . Am

r VI i C u to o o n dichoto m us B e au v . A r o st . 32 1 59 . 1 8 1 2 . a d A s id dicho o m I ch x . p g g , (B se on ri t a t a ) 6 r t o n h t m u S . 1 : 26 . 1 825 . d is da dich om . C y opog dic o o s Spreng . yst (Base on A r ti ot a M ichx ) - n e ac M em . d . St . Pé te r b 1 : 7 s da d cho t m e s ea . . s . 8 m Av a t Muhl ; Trin Aca VI . , as synony of A ri ti i o a 0 1 83 . . set ce . 1 7 87 . Michx . Not A a a Vill

ven m . 1 1 88 istid d ch t m a . 1 83 ad d . : 3 . A a par oxa Will ; Kun th , Enu . Pl , as synonym of A r a i o o Michx

l h o r o Plants annual ; cu ms usuall y muc branched at base , erect ascending , slender , glabr us — t 2 0 40 . or sometimes minutel y scaberulous , mos l y cm tall ; sheaths glabrous ; blades sca brous

fia t e 1 0 . an d strongl y nerved on upper surface , glabrous beneath , the lower mostly , l ss than cm 1 t n l ong an d m m . wide , the upper shor and i volute ; panicles terminal and from the upper an d l l - i i 1 0 . o th e i m idd e axils , narrow , a most spike l ke , the term nal usuall y less than cm l ng , a x s

r a angled , scaberulous , the branches sho t an d appressed , the lowermost as much s 2 cm . long

n o and bearing a few sp ikelets , the upper beari g single spikelets , the lateral panicles small , m re o r in 1 — o l less inclosed the sheaths ; glumes nerved , ab ut equal or the first a l itt e shorter , scabrous l l 6— mm on the keel and more or less scaberu ous on the back , mucronate , most y 8 . long ; l e mm a — - - 5 6 . 3 s l th mm long , nerved , somewhat compre sed above , sparsel y app ressed hispidu ous , e callus

u n — - short , rather bl un t , sparingly pubescent , the col m obsolete , the central awn spirall y l 2 coiled refl ex d l 3—6 e . o a at base , horizontally bent or somewhat , most y mm l ng , the later l awn s a con tinuatio n l 1 of the l atera nerves , erect , usually about mm . long .

A : L n i . TYPE LOC LITY incol , North Carol na D I STR m UTIO N : d s e K an d a d Dry open groun , Maine to ea t rn ansas . southw r to Florida an d Texas .

A : Be auv . A r ost . l 8 7 R é v l . . . . . 1 7 4 l ILLUSTR TIONS g p , f ; Kunth , Gram p ; Bu . . S . Dep . A r . l U i g

Agr o st . 41 4 .

380 NORTH A M ER ICA N F LOR A [VOLUM E 1 7

— f 1 5 20 . the central awn with a semicircular bend or part o a coil at base , mm long , the termin al

reflexed o o r portion spreading or , the lateral awns much reduced (rarel y bsolete) as much as

l . 1 0 . a 6 mm . (rarely mm ) long , usu l y unequal

Y A : St . . T PE LOC LI TY Clair County , Illinois : d a n d d to L i i a n d DI STRIBUTION Open sterile soil , In iana to Iowa , southwar Tennessee , ou s ana ,

Tex as .

lon es ica Po . . . . 1 : 45 2 . 1 8 1 1 . 19 . Aristida g p ir in Lam Encyc Suppl

6 S . ll . 1 : 1 42 . 1 1 . d ac l s . . . . 8 A ri sti a gr i i E Bot S C Ga (Type from Charleston , outh Carolina )

d . 2 : 1 1 9 . 1 8 1 7 . L A da en icula ta . . . . risti g Raf Am Mo Mag (Type from ong Islan , New York ) - 2 1 01 s ida M m . d . t . Pé tersb . . 7 : as urto o on c s . . e S C p g gra ili Nees ; Trin Rupr Aca VI , synonym of A ri t

11 1 843 . gracili s E . 0

7 d . 6 1 1 86 . i i d . 5 . 8 . A ri tida a c s . de au e a ta . . e s gr ili var p p r A Gray , Man (Type from Ph la elph a )

H 3 : 44 1 892 . A tida s im lici olia s im lici ora . te a n a . . S . . . . ris p f [error for p fl ] var x a V sey , Contr U Nat erb

(Type from Marshall , Texas . )

I 2 1 1 ist da a c l s 11 . 1 895 . d . . : 1 3 as . n E Tr ixostis a c s . . gr ili Raf ; B D Jackson , Kew , synonym of A r i gr i i

o r l Plants annual , branched at base and some of the lower nodes ; culms erect genicu ate at — 2 0 40 . e fla t o base , slender , glabrous , mostl y cm tall ; sheaths glabrous ; blad s or involute , scabr us

1 0 . and strongl y nerved on the upper surface , glabrous beneath , mostl y less than cm long an d — 1 0 1 5 . e 1 mm . wide ; p an icles narrow and slender , the terminal mostl y cm long , sometim s as

20 . i on much as cm , the axis scaberulous , the sp kelets appressed , single or as man y as si x short u branches , rather distant , especiall y below , the axillary panicles often much red ced ; glumes

- o 5 . 3 r o about equal , scabr us on the keel , about mm long , the first ne ved , acuminate , the sec nd

1 ~ 3 - nerved , mucronate from between two very short lobes ; lemma nerved , scabrous along the — 4 5 . keel , scarcel y beaked , mm long , the short callus minutel y pilose , the central awn sharpl y — r t refi exe d 5 1 5 . cu ved at base , horizontall y spreading or somewha , mm long , the lateral awns erect or somewha t divergent , usuall y one third to hal f as l ong as the central , so meti mes o nl y

1 mm . long .

: TYPE LOCA LITY Carolina . : S d H an d d d and DISTRIB UTION terile or san y soil , New ampshire to Michigan , southwar to Flori a

Texas , especially on the Coastal Plain . l 8 . 3 . A : . S . . 81 . . I LLUSTR TION Ell . Bot C Ga p , f

i ca illacea . . . 1 : 1 5 6 . 1 7 9 1 . 20. Ari st da p Lam Tab Encyc

d e e n 2 st s d . . 2 . 1 805 r . A ri i a l ga Ru ge , Pl Guian . (Type from B itish Guiana )

C haetar ia ca illacea B eau v . A ro st . 30 1 5 8 . 1 8 1 2 . d A ist d ca illa cea L am . p g , ( Base on r i a p ) h et r i 388 . 1 829 . d A s d c illa cea am . C a a a ca l s A ro st . . a pil ari Nees , g Bras (Base on ri ti a p L Nees seems

d d t l e B a v . to have change the name ina vertently since he cites C hae ar ia capi lac a e u . as a synonym

n o Plants an ual , mostl y much branched and closely cespit se at b ase ; culms erect , slender 1 —2 0 0 . an d del icate , glabrous , cm tall , sometimes taller ; sheaths glabrous ; blades flat or more or

r o less involute , scaberulous and beset with scattering long hairs on the upper su face , glabr us

5 . . o beneath , mostly less than cm long , m m wide ; panicles oblong , open , rarel y m re than — 7 . 2 3 . cm long , cm w ide , the branches capillary , scaberulous , n aked below , the lower mostl y ’ h ’ t — in three s , often branching in t ree s above the middle , the spikele s long pediceled ; glumes u - on 3 . o nequal , acuminate , scaberulous the nerves , the first nerved , mm long , the sec n d l - 3 . 2 . nerved , about mm long ; lemma slender , scarcel y mm long , minutel y pilose on the callus ,

scaberu glabrous below , minutel y scaberulous toward summit , extending in to a slender twisted — o 2 . the m o 3 4 . l us column of about mm , the total length of le ma and c lumn being mm ; awns

5 . i nearl y equal , about mm long , very slender and del icate , somewhat divergent , slightl y sp rally

. D u of A istida curved toward base isting ished from all our other species r by the del icate habit .

“ P A : n E LOC LITY Caye ne . : r an d d , a n d . DI STRIBUTION Dry savannas pastu es , open groun , southern Mexico to Brazil Bolivia

A : d . . l 30 B A ro s t l . e auv . 8 . 6 . ILLUSTR TIONS Ru ge , Pl Guian p ; g . p . , f

2 1 . dscen sioni a s . S . P1 . 2 1 Aristida L p 8 . 7 5 3 .

is d interr zt t I c . 5 : 45 1 9 a . 7 9 . A r ti a p Cav . (Type from Mexico . ) C hae a r ia a scen sio n is B e a uv A . rost . 3 0 1 5 1 1 58 . 1 8 1 2 . d s d a scen io n t g , , (Base on A ri ti a [d] s is L . ) da hum s i K . i s H . E . 1 2 i i . . S . l : 1 . 1 8 1 5 . a . A r t l Nov Gen p (Type from Cuman , Venezuela ) . AR T 5 1 935 P , ] POACEAE 387

t d bro m o ide H E . K s s . . . : 8: S . 1 1 22 : . 1 8 15 A ri i a Nov Gen p . (Type from Ecuador . ) d c a c H A K . s a . E . 8: . . S . 1 : 1 2 2 1 8 1 5 . ri ti a o r t ta Nov Gen p . (Type from between Burras a n d Gi ia n a

ua to x . j . Me ico ) C haetar ia hum il s 8: S . . 2 3 . S . 96 . 1 1 : 8 7 . s d i R yst Veg ( Ba e on A . hum i lis h t ri-a bro m o ides C a e a . S . S . 2 396 1 8 1 . : 7 . d R yst Veg . (Base on A ristida bro m o ides

C haetar ia co a cta a . . 3 8: S S . . 9 1 8 1 7 . r t R yst Veg 2 ; 6 . ( Based on A ri stida co a rcta ta

A ristida asci cz lata . 1 . L e . . . : 1 54 . 1 824 f Torr Ann y N Y . (Type from the Canad ian River [Oklahoma ’ or l exasl s C haetaria a sc cul a S . 8: S . . S . 3 . : 5 7 8 . 1 82 7 f i at chultes , in R yst Veg Mant . ( Based on A ristida f ascicul ata Torr . ) is id n escens H a . n k . 1 2 23 3 e : . 1 8 0. A r t a igr Presl , Rel (Type from Mexico . ) - 2 t d d s e sa . 8: A M em . d s . . St . Pé tersb . . 7 1 29 . 1 843 ri i a i p r Trin Rupr Aca VI ; . (A group name d A . hum E s H . . K . inclu ing several varieties , of which ili may be taken as the type . ) ' A r ist da di e s n an a - 2 . 8: R u r . M é m . . d St . Pé te . rsb . . 7 : 1 29 . 1 843 p r a var Trin p Aca VI . (Type from é hile . s - 2 i d d e sa . hum is is . s a 8: . M em d . t . P 1 2 . S é tersb . 9 . 1843 . d A r ti p r var il Trin Rupr Aca VI 7 : . ( Base on ' hu m I-li A . s

- 2 is tid dis er s e . bro m o ides . 8: M Pé . em . d St . t 3 0 43 . ersb . . 7 : 1 A r a p var Trin Rupr Aca VI . 1 8 . ( Based ro m o des on A . b i - 2 ist d d s e s a . coa cta a . M é m 8: . . d . St . Pé ters b . . 7 : 1 30 1 43 A r i a i p r var r t Trin Rupr Aca VI . 8 . (Based

on A . co ar cta ta - 2 ida lax d . . 8: . M em st . d . t . Pé te sb S r . . 7 : 130 ; A . d s e sa A ri a Will Trin Rupr Aca VI , as synonym of i p r

coa c at . . 1 843 . var . r t a Mexico — 9 A is da dis e sa . n es cens . 8: M é m d . t . Pé t . . S ersb . . 7 : 1 30 1 843 r ti p r var igr Trin Rupr Aca VI . . ( Based

n i escen s . on A . gr Presl ) 3 st da m itim S d . S n . . 1 7 . 1 854 . A ri i ar a teu y Gram (Type from Guadeloupe . )

A is da n an a S d . S n . . 1 3 7 . 1 854 . r ti teu y Gram (Type from Chile . ) ' I A ist d h r 7 S c a n e i . . . . 8 . 1 886 . r i a fi Fourn Mex Pl Gram (Typ e from Orizaba , Vera Cruz . )

ist da Gr isebachian a r . . . . 7 8 . 1 886 . d A r i Fou n Mex Pl Gram (Type from Mira or , Vera Cruz .) istid h or t Gr isebac ia na . deco a a . . . . 7 8 . 1 8 a 86 . . A r var l Fourn Mex Pl Gram (Type from Ejutla , Mexico ) 3 A t d d en io n is . co a cta ta . . 3 340. 1 898 s a a sc s : . d A co ctata ri i var r Kuntze , Rev Gen (Base on ar ist d d l 3 ioni s . hum s . . 3 : 340. 1 898 a scens . d . hum ilis A r i a var i i Kuntze , Rev Gen (Base on A A t d m er n r m is a a ica a . b o o ides S . 8: . . . . . A r 3 2 . : 5 . 1 901 d r i var cribn Merr Circ U S Dep Agr g o st . ( Base

K . S d . bro m o ides H . E . am e ca na on A cribner Merrill misapplie the name A . ri , which is B ou elo n n o n ua am e ca a A . adsce si is . t ri , to ) is id b 1 2 de il s R e ert . S . . 1 7 : 1 5 . 1 9 1 . . A r t a i Mez , p p Nov (Type from Jamaica ) A i M i s H e nr ard ede d . R k H d 5 4 2 2 . da adscens ion is . bro m oides s . L : 6 . 19 6 d ri t var , j erb ei en (Base on

A . bro m o ides

1 0—80 Plan ts annual , much branched at base ; culms erect or geniculate at base , glabrous , 1 cm . tall ; sheaths glabrous l igule a densely ciliate membrane nearl y mm . long ; blades scabrous

n on the upper surface , glabrous beneath , on the smaller plan ts mostl y short and involute , o the

1 0 . 2 larger plants sometimes flat an d as much as cm long and mm . wide ; pan icles terminal , — r o 5 1 0 . t na r w , erect and cm long in the smaller plan s , often loose , somewhat drooping , and as

1 5 cm . l much as long or even longer in .the l arger plants , the ax is mostly g abrous below , scabrous

- — 1 5 7 . above ; glumes unequal , nerved , the first mm long , obtuse or acutish , scaberulous on the — 8 1 0 . k keel , the second mm long , narrowed to a bluntish , notched , or acute point , the eel slightl y l — 6 9 . scaberu ous toward the summit ; lemma about as long as the second glume , mm long , densely

or - o sea sh t pil se on the rather obtuse callus , compressed toward the scarcely beaked summit , on t t brous the upper par of the keel , and sometimes on the sides to ward the summi t ; awns abou — 1 0 1 5 . 45 equal , mostl y mm long , about equall y divergen t at an angle of as much as degrees ,

very scabrous , flat , and without torsion at base , graduall y narro wed to a fine terete point . A

i veu specimen fro m western Texas (S l s 7 5 7 ) has lateral awns onl y half as long as the central one .

TYPE LOC A LITY : Island of Ascension : d i to d d a n d DISTRIB UTION Dry open groun , M ssouri , southern Kansas Texas , westwar to Neva a a nd d d a nd southern California , southwar through the West In ies Mexico to Argentina ; also in the m war er parts of the Eas tern Hemisphere . 2 A : . Ic . l . 47 1 . . I LLUSTR TION Cav p , f

8: . . . De . . A ro st . 22 . e e . U Aristida int rm dia Scribn Ball , Bull S p Agr g

24 : 44 . 1 901 .

sc aberu Plan ts annual , branched at base or often simple ; culms slender , erect , glabrous , or — e t 20 40 . lous below the panicle , cm tall ; sh a hs glabrous ; blades flat or involute , scabrous and

strongl y nerved on the u per surface glabrous or scaberulous beneath mostly less than 10 cm . p , — , o 2 10 20 . sea l ng and mm . wide ; panicles narrow , slender , loosel y flowered , cm long , the axis

the brous , the spikelets single or a few on short appressed branches , lower usuall y distant glumes

l - r 1 the about equal , ne ved , about cm . long , narrowed into a short awn , scabrous on keel ; 388 N ORT H A M ERIC A N F LO RA [VOLUM E 1 7

- lemma about 8 mm . long , 3 nerved , scaberulous toward the summit , scarcel y beaked , minutel y

pilose on the acute callus , the awns about equal , or the lateral sometimes shorter , all somewhat

— lon es ca f A . i 2 . . divergen t , mostl y cm long This species dif ers from g p in the looser racemes ,

'

n . the longer glumes and lemma , and the longer lateral aw s , these about as long as the central

A : Ke ne TYPE LOC LITY Biloxi , Mississippi ( ar y

: L o w d d s , a n d d an d . DISTRIB UTION san y soil , In iana to Nebra ka southwar to Mi ssissippi Texas ‘

8 . A : L . S . . . A ro s t . 24 : . 1 I LLUSTR TION Bull , Dep Agr g f

7 8 . 1 886 . M ex . . . r o . P 2 3 . Aristida ba bata F urn l Gram

' 1 3 : 27 . . st da H a zardii . A ri i Vasey , Bull Torrey Club (Type from Western Texas )

n 30 . Plants perennial , formi g hemispheric tufts as much as cm in diameter , the culms rather — o 1 5 30 . stiffly radiat in g in all directions ; culms densel y cespitose , glabr us , slen der , cm tall ; in sheaths glabrous , villous at the throat , more or less hispidulous on the collar ; blades closel y

- volute , slender , scabrous or scabrous pubescent on the upper surface , glabrous or somewhat

1 0 . roughened benea th , scaberulous near the tip , scabrous on the margins , mostl y less than cm o of long , mostly less than mm . thick when rolled ; pan icles ab ut half the lengt h the entire

reflexed culm , open , the ax is scabrous , the branches divaricately spreading or somewhat , mostl y — 3 6 . cm long , in pairs or with short basal branchlets , but w ithout long naked base , the branch

flexuo us lets and pedicels scabrous , divaricate and impl icate or , the whole pan icle fragile at

i awn maturity , breaking away and roll ng before the win d ; glumes about equal , acuminate or

- — n 1 . l 3 poi ted , about cm long , the first nerved or obscurel y nerved , scabrous on the keel and

l r l - r u onl ti m m obscure y so on the lateral ne ves , the second ne ved , scaber lous y near the p ; le a — 8 1 0 . gradually narrowed in to a straigh t or twisted scaberulous beak , the entire length mm and

l l o 1 m m . usua ly a little shorter than the glumes , the pubescent or hispidu ous callus ab ut long ;

a awns somewhat divergent , scabrous , scarcely curved or warped at base , ne rl y equal , mostl y 1 —20 5 m m . long .

TYPE LOC A LITY : Valley of Mexico (S chafi n cr

B : H a n d s i a n d . DISTR I UTION ills plains , western Texa to Ar zona central Mexico

A o s t . 1 7 : . 4 0. I LLUSTR A TION : Bull . U . S . Dep . Agr . gr f 2 A d v t d d : d . i i c u NOTE This species is closely allie to ar a a , but is isting ishe by the hemispheric habit

A . d a ca e u of gr owth an d the flexuo us or implicate branchlets and pedicels . In iv ri t the c lms are often prostrate or nearly so but d o not form hemispheric tufts ; the main branches are naked at base an ba b th d the pedicels usu ally appressed along the u pper part of the branches . In A r ata e branches

a n d d ri d r . are shorter bear a basal branch , so that the spikelets are evenly ist bute th ough the panicle

9 . 1 24 . . 9 8: o . . 809 . Ari stida divar icata Humb . B npl ; Willd Enum

h et r ' r C a a ia dii a ica t B v A 0 1 1 2 . s da d a c a H 1 . a 3 5 8 . 8 s d 8: . eau . r ost . g , (Ba e on A ri ti iv ri at umb Bonpl ) A d H um l t n - 9 4 s M em . d . S t . Pé tersb . . 7 : 1 1 8 . 1 8 3 . d ri ti a bo d ia a Trin . Rupr . Aca VI ( Base upon

d a ca e . the same specimen that is the type of A . iv ri t ) A t is d m . 1 0 42 . 1 83 . i a e s . : 8 r i a P l ri Va ey , Bull Torrey Club (Type from southern Ar zona ) ’ d L e m m o s d . c i . 1 4 : 23 . 1 894 . m i . i . . S e S 8: . A ri ti a cr bn ; Br tton Kearney , Trans N Y Aca (Typ from H Fort uachuca , Arizona . )

n — i u Plants pere nial ; culms erect or often prostrate spread ng , glabrous or scaber lous , usuall y 3 0—60 . u cm long , sometimes longer ; sheaths glabrous , or scaber lous t oward the summit , puberu lent o u each side of the collar and often villous at the th roat ; blades flat or usually loo sely invo

or n o o on r lute , the basal closel y i v lute , scabrous an d str ngl y nerved the upper su face , a few he 2 t 0 . o 3 long weak hairs near base , glabrous beneath , as much as cm long , m stl y less than

m m . ff wide ; panicles large and di use , usuall y as much as half the en tire len gth of the culm , the

’ deflexed n a in 1 5 . branches spreadi g or , n ked below , mostly two s , scabrous , as much as cm long ,

h n two o r i branc i g three times , the ult mate branchlets and pedicels somewhat appressed ; glum es

on 1 . al nearly equal , scabrous the keels , about cm long , gradu l y narro wed in to a sh o rt awn , l - m 1 . n c in a 1 . nerved ; lem a about cm long , i lud g the pubescent c llus less than mm long , the 2— 4 . o a i o upper part ( mm ) narrowed int a scabrous twisted be k , somet mes l nger , sometimes w shorter than the glumes ; a ns about equal , somewhat divergent , not twisted or warped at base , l 1 —1 most y 0 5 m m . long .

A : TYPE LOC LI TY Mexico . R I : a n d s d DIST B UTION Dry hills plains , we tern Kansas to western Texas , westwar to southern C ahform a a n d d i , southwar through Mex co to Guatemala .

d d u u ba b t The ate of publication is assume to be s bseq ent to that of A . r a a . A RT 5 1 93 5 P , ] POACE AE 389

2 5 . r ham ulos H nr d M a e ar de . Ri k e d s e . e e 5 4 : 2 1 A istida , j H rb L id n 9 . 1 9 2 6 .

d H um boldt n ist a ia a . m inor . 3 . S . . H . : 47 . 1 892 . A r i var Vasey , Contr U Nat erb (Type from Texas .) s d im b icata H e nr ard M d d Ri ks H e e . . d 5 4 2 L : 53 . 1 927 . A ri t a r , j erb ei en (Type from El Paso ,

iex as . ) brevi r istida en s . a ista ta He n rar d i M ede d . R ks H . d S4 : 255 . 1 2 7 A r g tili var , j erb Le i en 9 . (Type from

S . anta Rita Mountains , Ari zona )

-

A . diva icata Resembl ing r ; glumes about equal , acuminate but scarcel y awned ; lemma o c o n arr wed sl ightly toward summi t but with no twisted ne k , m re or less roughened with minute awris tubercules ; lateral a l ittle shorter than the cen tral one .

AL : A . TYPE LOC ITY Tucson , rizona a n d a n d DI STRIBUTION ; Dry or rocky hills plains , western Texas to southern California , south a d r i w r th ough Mex co to Guatemala .

26 . i n e l He rard M eded . Ri ks e Arist da g nti is , j H rb . Leiden 54 : 1 96 .

1 92 6 .

A . diva icate Resembling r ; glumes acuminate , the first a l ittle longer than the second ; lemma slightl y narrowed toward summi t , straight (the neck not twisted) ; lateral awns a little shorter than the central one .

A : H tchc ck TYPE LOC LITY Aguas Calientes , Mexico ( i o

I B : a n d r d . DISTR UTION Dry hills Open g oun , Mexico

A l A . . l . 2 . d va i e ILLUSTR TION : Bu l . U . S . Dep . gr Bot p 3 (as A i r cat )

2 7 . r r i k e e e n . H enra d M ede d . R s e . A istida m xica a Scribn , j H rb L id n 54 : 4 9 2 3 5 . 1 7

’ — n A . diw rzrata 30 60 . Plan t resembli g ; culms erect or prostrate , cm tall ; panicle usuall y more than half as long as the entire plant , rather narrow , the branches and slender pedicels spread ing , the main bra nches bear ing a secondar y branch from the base ; glumes acuminate , — 1 2 1 3 . 9 about equal , mm long ; lemma glabrous , about mm . long , including the pilose callus o 1 m m ab ut . long , the keel sl ightl y scabrous above , the summit straight , somewhat narrowed , — 1 6 1 7 . . but wi th no twisted neck ; awns about equal , mm long , somewhat spreading

A : in le TYPE LOC LITY Tlalpam , Mexico ( Pr g

: a nd d d . DISTRIB UTION Rocky hills san y fiel s , Mexico

1 6 28 . id n o o o e Co . U . . . e . Arist a pa sa W t n Standl y , ntr S N at H rb

1 1 2 . 1 9 1 3 .

s l f Plan t perenn ial ; cu ms sti fl y erect , slender and wiry , minutely scaberulous or puberulous ,

— - 20 40 . a cm tall ; sheaths minutel y puberulous , at le st between the nerves , densel y short villous flexuous at the throat and pubescen t on the col lar ; blades closel y involute , more or less , scabrous

o n e 1 5 . puberulen t the upper surface , glabrous b neath , as much as cm long , usuall y less , about — f 1 0 20 . mm . thick when rolled ; pan icles narrow , open , rather sti fly upright , cm long , the i — a stifil 4 8 . o r axis sc berulous , the branches y ascending , cm long , single with a basal shorter i branch o r a single sp kelet , the spikelets appressed toward the summit of the branches ; glumes — l - o r - 5 7 unequal , nerved , acuminate awn pointed , the first minutel y scaberulous on the keel , — 7 1 0 . mm . long , the second smo oth on the keel , mm long ; lemma about as long as the second

- r 1 . glume , so metimes a little longer , sho t pilose on the mm long callus , smooth on the lower part ,

2 . sca berulous above and graduall y narrowed into a scabrous slightl y twisted beak of about mm ,

7 . the whole mm long ; awns about equal , divergent or finall y nearl y horizon tall y spreading , — 1 0 20 . . mm long , the bases finall y somewhat curved or warped

A : To r tu zm . TYPE LOC LITY g Mountain , New Mexico R a n d d i i i d d ; DIST IBUTION : Plains open groun , western Texas to Ar zona ; Rev llag ge o Islan s

Chihuahua . 390 N ORT H A M ERI C A N F L ORA [VOLUM E 1 7

ri x C . I c . 5 : 44 . 1 7 99 . 2 9 . A stid a la a a v

1 h l e xic 8: S . 1 : 1 23 . 1 8 5 . o . E K . . . . A ristida s pa di cea H . . Nov Gen p (Type from Guanajuato )

7 . d A da 2 : 3 9 7 . 1 8 1 s s s a dicea r . S . . C haeta ia spadicea R 8: S . yst Veg ( Ba e on ri ti p 30 1\ I xi 1 8 . e co . A s d Io n ir a m ea . H ae n k . 1 : 224 . ri ti a g Presl , Rel (Type from )

A s d J a c uin ia n a 1 9 : 5 08 . ri ti a q Tausch , Flora - - 3 7 : 1 2 1 . 43 . é t b . . 1 é m . d . St . P e rs 8 n i n 8: . h l A ristida Ka t { r skia a Trin . Rupr Aca VI (Type from

1\Iexic o . ) '

d ks H . d 54 : 2 70. 1 92 7 . b u ilo n a H e n r ar d N d . Ri L d a uim a n a . su ae A risti a J cq var q g . e e j erb ei en (Type

from Zapotlan . ) 7 d 5 4 : 2 5 . 1 92 1 . e d d Ri ks H . L Kar winskia n a H e n ra rd h Ie de . A ristida l a x a var . j erb ei en ( Bas on

' K r a inskia n a i . 8: . A . a Tr n Rupr ) t 2 8 1 . . d A . d ica \ H . d 54 : A istida L a as ca e H e n rard 1 I e d e d . R i ks Le r g , j erb i en ( Base on ivar a

L a g . not 7 d lo n ir a m ea H e nr a rd 1\Ie de d . R i ks H . L d 5 4 : 3 1 1 . 192 . e s da Ia x a . ( A ri ti var g , j erb ei en Bas on A lo ngira m ea Presl

s n l l 1 t t Plan t peren ia ; cu ms cespitose , erect , glabrous , as much as meter al l ; shea hs glabrous ; fiexuo us in l igule very short , less than mm . long ; blades flat , the old on es curled or , becom g

o o filifo r m a inv lute , narr wed into a tip , sc berulous on the upper surface , glabrous beneath , as — — 2 . i 1 5 30 . o i a 40 . 1 much as cm long , mm wide ; pan cle l arge and open , cm l ng , the a x s sc brous

l a as or the lower in ternode nearl y glabrous , the branches few and distant , most y solit r y , as much i l the 1 . a o 5 cm long , n ked below , dro p ng , very scabrous , branched at or above the m idd e , spikelets appressed along the upper part of the bran ches and branchlets ; glum es ab out equal

— m m - r 1 - v 1 2 r fi l 8 1 2 . awn o the rst a l itt e shorter , long , pointed , the fi st ner ed or with or lateral

a l on r e l - nerves , sc brous on the kee an d often the lateral ne v s , the secon d nerved , glabrous ; 0— w — 5 t 1 1 5 . 3 . lemma mostl y longer han the glumes , mm long , including the t isted beak mm

the a n l l long , pubescen t on c llus ; aw s about equal or the lateral shorter , sometimes on y ha f as — nl t al 1 0 1 5 . . lo ng , o y sligh l y divergen t , the centr mm long

A : d u a n d d TYPE LOC LI TY Type sai to come from Ur guay the Philippines , but probably collecte H d d i 5 4 in So r N é e de e nr ard M e e . R ks H . L d : 29 1 . northern uth Ame ica by (fi , j erb ei en ' i I : r a n d i Bl e x c o t S i a . DISTR BUTION Prai ies ster le hills , to nor hern outh Amer c

l 47 0 . 1 . A : . I c . . ILLUSTR TION Cav p , f

h . h . 2 : 9 . 1 30. r ul C a m o e C 3 8 896 . A istida pat a p ; N as , B ull T rr y lub

n i u c o im e iz e Plan ts peren al ; c lms ere t , cespitose , often loosel y so , s met s with short rh om s , h 1 ta t il t glabrous , as muc as meter ll ; sheaths overlapping , glabrous , sligh l y v lous at the hroat ; i a ur blades firm , flat , becom ng involute , especiall y a t the slender tip , sc brous on the upper s face , - 2 4 m m . a 5 0 . o n o glabrous bene th , as much as cm long , m stly wide ; pa icles l ose an d open , one

to t n i r i third half the entire leng h of the culm , the bra ches s ngle or in pairs , distant , d oo p ng , 0 a 2 . n r i l e n ked below , very scabrous , as much as cm long , branchi g at o above the m dd e , th

i f s — o l t m 1 2 1 5 mm . sp kelets on short pedicel s appressed at the ends the branch e ; glu es long ,

e t - i l - on l n arly equal but the first a lit le longer , awn po n ted , nerved , the first scabrous the kee , f — u o 1 0 1 2 . the second smooth excep t at the s mmit the keel ; lemma mm long , glabrous , pubesc en t al sca rcelv a n m l t on the c lus , beaked , the awns scabrous , sc rcel y divergi g , the idd e one s raigh t , — 2 . a c mostl y cm long , the later l s arcel y diverging below , somewhat so above , mostl y 5 1 0 m m . long .

A Y : d A . a b d i d 8 sc a d . 2 . 3 . 1 8 3 TYPE LOC LIT Base on r as escr be by Chapman (Fl . S . U . S . e 66 )

d . A from southern Flori a Not . sca bra Kn u th . : a d i n a n d d d u i . DISTRIBUTION Moist s n y p ne barre s low open groun , penins lar Flor a

3 1 . e h 8: n v o S . o . Aristida la vigata Hitc c ck Ekman , p

u o l — 60—1 00 a C lms cespitose , erect , glabr us , severa noded , cm . t l l ; sh eaths glabrous ; ligul e a

a m m . firm r ciliate membr ne less than long ; bl ades closel y involute , , somewhat cu ved or

H d enrard BI ed ed . Ri k H d . 1 2 7 I have followe ( j s erb Le i en S4 : 268 . 9 ) in the application of the i e H e nra rd Gr i iths 8 1 3 2 d 1\I e xic o . i name : The only spec m n ci tes is fi from Gua alajara , Th s speci n en i m l d d A , to . a a r u l t s s to me , shou be referre l x , even though the fi st gl me is a i ttle longer than tge seconee T i d d dr d d d e S s e Descr be from a plant cultivate in the Ma i gar en , grown from see s nt by e s from

x . f am re e rrin t . la the th e i d H enr ard in e 6544 Me ico I g his to A xa on basis of spec men cite by , Pr gl , a M em c o from ne r City . A RT 5 1 935 P , ] POACEA E 39 1

— — fiexuo us 1 m m . , c 1 0 20 thi k when rolled , smooth on the outer surface , cm . long , villous on the upper surface near the base and around the summit of the sheath panicles long -exserted ; , — 2 0 3 0 . l ffl cm long , the branches most y sol itary , distant , sti y ascending , the lowermost as much

1 5 . l the as cm long , the branch ets appressed along branches , the axis of the panicle and the branches glabro us ; glumes nearly equal 1 —nerved obscurel y scaberulous toward a ex other , , p , e t e h 1 2 . wis glabrous even as to keels , abou t cm long , the first acuminate , the second mucronate — o ifi - b d 1 2 1 4 . 1 fr m a rather broad apex ; lemma mm long including the mm . long short pilose l o o ca lus , glabr us , narrowed ab ve but scarcel y beaked , awns very unequal , the cen tral widel y n r fi — spreadi g or somewhat e exed 1 2 20 . , mm long , obscurely scabrous at the base , the lateral — 2 5 m m . . A . terni es A . div divergent , long , more slender t han t he central Allied to p and a ricata .

l i c a i i i — - es tos ere c t 60 1 00 . in v l fi rm a u m , , o u tae e 1 . c ras sae labrae p cm a t ; am nae , . C , mm , — l i l i g 1 0 20 . lo n a e v ill s a a i , o e n c ula . . s o litariis dis tan tibus d cm g basi supra ; p cm longa ramis , , rigi e — as c e nde n tibus in fim is 1 0 1 5 . lum a e a e ua le s n in la , , ; , u e rve s brae 1 2 . cm longis axe glabri g q , g , . mm lo n ae i d d — g , . u 1 2 14 . u super or apice enticulata inter entes mucronata ; lemma glabr m , mm long m , callo — 1 m m . . b revite r in ae uales d ho riz o n ta liter refi exa 1 2 2 0 longo pubescente ; aristae q , me ia patens vel , - m m . su be re c ta e d 2 5 longa , laterales vel ivergentes , mm . longa .

d th e d S de d 7 50 Type collecte at hea waters of Rio Piloto , ierra Nipe , Oriente , Cuba , altitu e E km n S 2 1 1 922 E . L . a H n . S . . . meters , eptember , ( U Nat erb o . : i d S de DISTRIB UTION P nelan s , ierra Nipe , Oriente , Cuba . Known only from eastern Cuba .

2 icif r s 3 . s o m i C Bo t . . . 1 1 1 1 . : 4 . 8 1 6 . Aristida p Ell S Ga .

d is a st ict . D e 1 4 . 7 . 1 8 1 . t es r . 7 . st ic . Ar ti r a Muhl Gram (Type from Georgia ) Not A . r a Michx 0 1 8 3 . d u is i s os . n tde c k 2 2 1 2 . 8 1 . . A r t a q arr a Trin Neue E ; 6 . (Type from North America ) C haetaria s uar' sa S 8: . S . . . 3 : dd . 5 7 7 . 1 82 7 . d istida q ro chultes ; in R . S yst Veg Mant A it (Base on A r s u os q arr a Trin . ) — n l o 5 0 1 00 em . Plants peren ial ; cu ms cespitose , strictl y erect , glabr us , tall ; sheaths in ro lled glabrous , sometimes sl ightl y villous at the throat ; blades erect , flat , or usual l y or

i - tightl y n vol ute , scabrous or scabrous pubescent on the upper surface , glabrous beneath , as

— - — 3 0 . 1 3 . t 1 0 1 5 . much as cm long , mm wide ; panicle erect , dense and spike l ike , mos l y cm long ,

‘ th e o r less branches short and appressed , the whole panicle more spirally twisted ; glumes

n 1 — - 4 m m o u equal , nerved , abruptly long awned , the first about . long , scabr us on the keel , the — — a 0 . wn 1 0 1 2 . 5 . 8 1 usuall y mm , sometimes onl y mm long ; the second mm long , nearl y smooth , — — 6 . 1 0 1 2 . o 7 . 5 the awn usually mm , sometimes nl y mm long ; lemma mm long including the — 2 . o sharp densely sho rt pubescent mm long callus , extending upward int a slender twisted — — 2 3 . co 1 3 on 7 . lumn cm . long , sometimes l y mm long ; awns about equal , cm long , divergen t

o r o i . h rizontally spread ng , more or less curved or warped at base

A : S . TYPE LOC LITY Charleston , outh Carolina 0 : S i id a nd i i i i DISTRIB UTION Pine barrens along the coast , outh Carol na to Flor a M ss ss pp ; Cuba ;

Porto Rico .

A ro st 1 7 : . 41 7 . S . . . . ILLUSTRA TION : Bull . U . Dep Agr g f

2 - 1 83 6 Pé tersb . . 4 : 48 . . M em . . t. i ar . S V I 33 . Ari st da rip ia Trin Acad

— 40 1 00 . Plants perennial ; culms cespitose , erect , glabrous , cm tall ; sheaths glabrous ,

- o a , cr wded and overlap ping at b se of culm , somewhat compressed keeled ; blades flat narrowed — fle xuo us 2 3 . to a long involute poin t , mm wide , the old ones curled or around the base of the

, plan t , the upper mostl y involute , glabrous , the margins thickened ; panicle erect dense and — 1 0 20 . e , , spikel ike , cm long ; gl um s gl abrous except the scabrous keel of the first awned the — 5 7 . 1 5 . mm long awn ; lemma about first longer than the second , about mm long including the

2 . 1 . 6 mm . a long , excluding the pilose bidentate c ll us mm long , and the twisted neck about cm

2 . , long ; awns somewhat spreading , slightl y contorted at base , the lateral about cm long the central about cm . long .

TYPE LOCA LITY : Brazil . an d i Pi ttzer 43 5 0 i . DISTRIBUTION : Grassy hills pla ns , Panama ( ) to Argent na 392 NORTH A M ER IC A N F LORA [VOLUM E 1 7

2 - M em . . t. Pé tersb . . 4 : 48 . 1 83 6 . 4 im lexa . S V I 3 . Aristida p Trin Acad

0— 3 5 0 . 1 Plants perennial ; culms cespitose , erect , glabrous , cm tall or even as much as o meter ; sheaths numerous and overlapping at the base of the plant , glabr us ; blades flat at l 35 . 3 base becoming involute toward the fine tip , as much as cm ong , the basal as much as mm . — wide , the upper narrower and more involute , glabrous beneath , finely scaberulous pubescen t

- — 1 0 20 . on the upper surface ; panicle dense and spike like , cm long, the branches short and — ' — 1 2 . 5 1 0 . appressed , mm long , the ultimate pedicels mm long , the axis angular , scaberulous ;

1 . glumes about equal , about cm long , exten ding into long awns , the awn of the first longer , o as much as 1 cm . long , scaberulous on the keel and back , the secon d glabrous ; lemma ab ut

— - h 1 . 5 6 . mm long , the callus short pilose , a l ittle more t an mm long , the glabrous point curved

— - c k 3 2 3 . n e 5 . to one side , the twisted cm long ; awns divergent , cm long , the cen tral a l ittle

longer than the lateral , the bases at maturity somewha t contorted .

TYPE LOC ALITY : Brazil .

: a n d S d C a lderé n . DISTRIBUTION Plains rocky slopes , alva or ( Colombia to Argentina

r ee . . 1 : 925 . 1 849 . 3 5 . A istida glauca (N s) Walp Ann

C haetaria lau ca 8: S L 1 9 : 688 . 1 847 . g Nees ; Nees chauer , innaea t d Revercho n i is a . 1 3 : 5 2 . 1 886 . A r i Vasey , Bull Torrey Club ( Type from Crockett County , Texas t d st t N e lle i a c . H . 1 5 . 1 90. he n ate A s a . . S . . : 5 8 C ri i ri a var y Vasey , Contr U Nat erb (Type from

u d . Mo ntains , Presi io County , Texas ) s N e l l t H . 3 45 . 1 892 . d A . s icta . N ea le i da al e i . . S . . : A ri i y Vasey , Contr U Nat erb (Base on tr var y

Vasey . )

hon . u ust d R everc H . 3 : 46 . 1 892 . s a i a a a n usta . . S . . A ri ti var g [ g ] Vasey , Contr U Nat erb (Type from

Comanche Peak , Texas . )

is da Vase i 8: S d . . . . Sta . 8 1 : 55 . 19 1 2 . A r ti y Wooton tan ley , Bull N Mex Exp (Type from New

Mexico . )

—4 o 20 0 . Plants perenn ial ; culms cespitose , erect , glabr us , cm tall ; sheaths glabrous , sparsel y fiexuo us villous at the throat , especially on the innovations ; blades involute , mostl y curved or , — 1 o 5 1 0 . . scabr us on the upper surface , glabrous beneath , mostl y cm long , about mm wide ; -flo w — fl r ered 8 1 5 . panicle narrow , erect , ather few , mostl y cm long , the branches stif y appressed , 1 l - o o r - bearing to few spikelets ; glumes unequal , nerved , m re or less mucronate awn pointed ,

“ — 5 8 . the first scabrous on the keel , mm long , the second glabrous , usual l y about twice as long , — one as 1 0 1 2 . sometimes onl y an d a half times long ; lemma mm long , the callus pubescent ,

. o mm long , the body glabr us , tapering into a minutel y scabrous , slender , somewhat twisted

of n o beak about half the total length the lemma ; aw s about equal , scabrous , nearly glabr us o at the flat , slightly cont rted base , divergent or nearl y horizon tall y spreading , cm . long .

A : TYPE LOC LITY Mexico . : a nd e d an d DISTRIBUTION Dry rocky hills plains , T xas to Utah , Neva a , southern California , an d d southwar to Puebla .

36 . e h 1 . . . P . oc . 1 . 5 : 1 45 . 1 3 Aristida purpur a N utt Trans Am il S 8 7 .

st da u u ea H ooke - 2 . . M m 8: . e . d . t P t r . S . é e sb . 7 : 1 07 . 1 843 A ri i p rp r var ri Trin Rupr Aca VI . (Type from Texas . ) — 2 stida u u ea . B e la ndie i M em . d . é . . St. P tersb . . 7 : 107 1 84 A ri p rp r var r r Trin Rupr Aca VI . 3 . (Type from Bejar [Bexar] , Texas . ) ' stida ae uira m ea S L 22 : 3 43 . 1 849 . ( A ri q cheele , innaea Type from New Braunfels , Texas . ) “ A tida li endula s . d . . 1 862 : 9 . 3 1 863 . ri fi p Buckl Proc Aca Phila . (Type from western Texas [n orthern stida u u ea li . ca orn i a . . S . H 3 : 47 . 1 892 . A ri p rp r var f kl Vasey , Contr U Nat . erb . (Type from Copay Valley , California . ) istida asc cul ata . cal o nica . H L . . . S . . 2 : 5 1 5 . 1 4 9 . A r f i var if r Dewey , Contr U Nat erb 8 ( Presumabl y

d A . u u ea l ca n a . base on p rp r var . ifor ic Vasey ) st da ascicul t H a a . ke i . oo . H 2 L . . . S . : 5 1 5 . 1 94 A ri i f var r Dewey . Contr U Nat erb 8 . (Presumabl y d A . u u ea . H oo ke i base on p rp r var r Trin . 8: Rupr . ) ’ st da u u ea a e m ra m e A r t 4 i a . . . . . S . os . 3 : 7 . 1 901 d . . A r i p rp r q Merr Circ U Dep Agr g . (Base on A a equira m ea ‘ st da u u ea ca illa r i o l A za . . S . . . ros t . 34 : 8 1 90 . . 1 . A ri i p rp r p f Merr Circ U Dep Agr g (Type from Texas . ) A rzstzda B e la n di e H H 1 . . . S . . . 7 : 280. 1 9 1 3 . d A u u e r ri itchc Contr U Nat erb (Base on . p rp r a var . B e lan d e i r i r Trin . 8: Rupr . )

3 94 NORT H A M ER IC A N FLORA [VOLUM E 1 7

d d d Sa n . d e l Type collecte in pinelan s on white san , Juan y Martinez Province of Pinar Rio ,

H . n o . 1 02 4 7 2 1 6 7 4 . . . L . E km a n 8 S 3 1 8 19 23 E . Cuba , June . , ( U Nat erb )

: d d de l . DISTRIB UTION Pine lan s on white san , Pinar Rio , Cuba

i h h . . U . S. 1 1 6 . 1 903 3 9 . Ari stida Wr g tii N as , in Small , Fl S E — 3 0 60 . Plants perennial ; culms cespitose , erect , glabrous , cm tall or sometimes taller ;

sheaths glabrous or sometimes on the innovations scaberulous , villous at the throat an d

usuall y wi th a more or less hispid or villous l ine across the collar ; blades involute , curved or — fl o us u 1 0 20 . exu , scabrous on the upper surface , glabrous or sometimes scaber lous beneath , cm — w 1 5 20 . 1 . long , about mm ide ; panicle erect , narrow , cm long , the rather distant branches

—flo w ered o 6 . appressed or ascending , as much as cm long , several , the l wer sometimes some — fle xuous 1 - c awn what ; glumes un equal , nerved , acuminate or mucronate but s arcel y tipped , — m m 6 7 m m . the first long , scabrous on the keel , the second about twice as long , glabrous ; le a — al 1 m m . 1 0 1 2 mm . long , the c lus about long , pubescent , the body glabrous below , graduall y 2 n . narrowed toward the summit , scaberulous on the upper half ; aw s nearl y equal , about cm m long , divergent , somet i es nearly horizontall y spreading , somewhat con torted at base .

A : s s R ever cho n TYPE LOC LI TY Dalla , Texa ( : D r v an d d an d a nd DISTRIBUTION plains hills , Texas , Colora o , Utah to southern California

central Mexico .

E r h . . 2 ii . . . : e s o . e 2 5 60. 40. Aristida gg Hitc c C ntr U S N at H rb

1 9 24 .

e Plants perennial ; culms c spitose , slen der , spreading or decumbent at base , glabrous , 2 — scabem lo us 0 40 cm . tall ; sheaths glabrous or minutel y , minu tel y pilose around the throat u an d h ispidulous in a line across the collar ; lig le a very short cil iate membrane ; blades involute ,

flexuous m os l 1 0 scaberulous on the upper surface , glabrous beneath , falcate or , t v less than 1 l . . o t cm long , f en much shorter , most y less than mm wide when flattened out ; panicle narrow ,

— s —flo w r 3 1 0 . n t e ed cm long , the branches d ista t , shor and appres ed , few ; glumes unequal , the

' — 6 n 1 - 5 . o r first mm long , ab ut hal f as long as the second , mucronate but scarcel y aw ed , ne ved , r m 1 scabrous on the keel , the second similar to the fi st but glabrous on the keel ; lem a about cm . 1 — l . o long inc uding the mm long , short pilose callus , gradual l y narr wed and scaberulous above , 2 not n n . but dist i ctl y beaked ; aw s about equal , cm long , al l spreading or nearl y horizontal ,

flat at base an d scarcel y contorted .

TY E A : L a E e s P LOC LI TY Caimanera , Cuba ( gg r : L a nd S i E km a n DISTRIBUTION imestone beaches , Cuba anta Domingo ( Monte Cr sti ,

i if l . 4 1 . r i P1. . 7 . 1 8 8 . A st da curv o ia Fo urn M ex . Gram 8 6 — n ou 20 40 . o Plants peren ial ; cul ms erect , wir y , cesp itose , glabr s , cm tall ; sheaths glabr us , — 0 o on o 5 2 . l villous at the thr at ; blades involute , firm , glabrous the uter side , cm long , usua ly c fi exuo us r u — 1 5 urved or ; panicle erect , na row , loose or interr pted , 5 cm . long , the branches

r appressed ; gl umes unequal , rather broad , obtuse and somewhat mucronate , o slightl y lobed

m fir m m m — 8 . o 2 . at sum it , glabrous , rather , the first about l ng , the second 3 mm longer ;

m o 1 . r o u lem a ab ut cm long , scabe ulous on the narr wed slightl y twisted s mmit ; awn s equal , i 1 0—1 5 spread ng , somewhat warped at base , mm . long .

A Y : TYPE LOC LI T Mexico . d : r r . DISTRIBUTION Dry g oun , northe n Mexico

42 . F e e n e . n . y 42 . 1 . Aristida ndl ria a St ud S Gram . 0 85 5

d u is a u e . end e na a . . S . H 3 : 46 1 . . 892 . a d . A r ti p rp r a var F l ri Vasey , Contr U Nat erb . (B se on A en d n F leria a Steud . ) ' A r istida asc zcula l a en . F dle ian a as L . . . S . . H 2 5 1 5 . 1 894 . d f var r V ey ; Dewey , Contr U Nat erb . : (Base A en d e a na on . F l ri Steud . ) A istida on set end F e a n . . . S . . . A ro 3 4 : 5 1 90 st . 1 . d . r l g i a l ri a Merr Circ U Dep Agr g . (Base on A en n F dl eri a a Steud . ) stida s ubu n i o r a S . 1 1 SE . . S . 6 . 1 903 . A ri fi Nash , in mall , Fl U (Type from New Mexico . )

n l i u Plants peren ia , often forming large bunches w th n merous short curl y leaves ; culms erect , glabrous , cm . tall ; sheaths mostl y basal , glabrous , villous at the thro at ; blades Pm s 1 9 3 5 , ] POACEAE 395

i o fiexuo us the u n v lute , curved or , scabrous on upper s rface , glabrous or somewhat scaberulous

1 0 . 5 u beneath , mostl y less than cm , often less than cm . long , the innovations n merous ; panicle 2—6 erect , narrow , nearl y simple , cm . long , the pedicels appressed , mostly single or the lower in l - u 7 pairs ; glumes unequal , nerved , ac te but not awned , the first about mm . long , the u 1 2 second abo t twice as long ; lemma about mm . long , the callus nearly mm . long , pubes

the o n cent , b dy glabrous , graduall y narrowed to the summit , scaberulous o the upper half ; t 2—5 awns abou equal , divergent , cm . long .

M E LOCA LI TY : New Mexico (Fendler R : and S and a a nd d DIST IBU TION Dry plains hills , outh Dakota Mont na , southwar to Texas and Lo wer California .

43 . r o e e . . 42 . 1 85 5 . A i stida l ngis ta St ud Syn Gram 0.

iseta . d . 1 6 da curt . 8 2 92 1 863 A s ; . . ri ti Buckl Proc Aca Phila . (Type from Northern Texas .) [E r o n o usl i d K w nsi r r e y g ven in In ex e e s as A b eviseta . ) ' u u e i e i d . on s n R o thr . . 2 . s S . 86 . 1 87 8 . d A ri ti a p rp r a var l g ta Vasey , Bot Wheeler s urv ( Base on A

lo ng i seta Steud . )

t as icul t . N u da c a as . . 2 208 . 1 8 6 . s ; 9 d . lon i A ri i f a var ttallii Thurb Beal , Gr ses N Am ( Base on A g ’

seta S d . d . o llen s d teu Thurber s name probably referre to A p as use by Nuttall . )

r l Plan ts perennial , often in la ge bunches , the innovations numerous ; cu ms erect , glabrous , 20— 0 n mostl y 3 cm . tall ; sheaths glabrous , those of the in ovations strongly villous at the throat ;

flexuo us blades involute , curved or , scabrous on the upper surface , sometimes scaberulous

- e 1 5 . f flo wered ben ath , usuall y l ess than cm long ; panicle narrow , erect but not stif , few , the

o l . axis n y a few cm long , the branches ascending or appressed , or the lower more or less curved

fiexuous l - to n o m or ; gl umes unequal , nerved , narrowed an aw less or nl y mucronate sum it ; the - t 1 0 . first mos l y 8 mm long , scabrous on the keel , the second about twice as long , glabrous ;

— - m 1 2 1 5 . o 1 . lem a terete , mostl y mm long , the callus ab ut mm long , densel y short pilose , the

o a u tip glabrous , the body onl y slightly narr wed above , glabrous or the upper part sc ber lous

— A u u ea but scarcel y tuberculate scabrous in l ines as in . p rp r ; awns about equal , divergent , — 8 n a i 6 . . fi all y widely spre ding , flat an d somet mes a little contorted at base , mostl y cm long

f A u u ea This species dif ers from . p rp r in the short Upright panicle , longer glumes and awns , and the glabrous or onl y scaberulous fruit less narrowed abo ve .

T YPE LOC A LI TY : New Mexico ( F en dler

I : a n d A a n d . DISTRIBUT ON Plains foothills , North Dakota to Texas , rizona , northern Mexico : d d u as fi re - d a n d d NOTE I ts ten ency to inva e fresh soil , s ch guar s especially the irt thrown up d C n o m s ludovician us a n d d from the burrows of prairie ogs ( y y ) , has given this allie species the name d an d d . of ogtown grass At maturity the fruits are blown about by the win , on the plains , are pro and duced in great quantities . These fruits become very troublesome to man beast as they are r d d d d swept across the count y by the strong win s , the sprea ing awns hol ing the sharp points forwar

an d a nd . to catch in clothing , in the wool of sheep , in the eyes nostrils of grazing animals

d A A o s t 3 4 : 5 . 1 901 . s . S . r . r . b . . . Aristida lo ngiseta var . ro usta Merr Circ U Dep g g A ri ti a b 0 d on iseta . o us 07 . 19 6 . a u u ea o bus a . . S . . H . 1 1 : 1 p rp r r t Piper , Contr U Nat erb (B se on A l g var r ta

f A lo n seta a nd . the fe w e i Merr . ) Di fers from g i in being taller more robust . cm tall , innovations a nd ad a stif e r , a n d bl es longer , not in conspicuous b sal tufts or cushions ; panicle longer ; the branches — l ' d flexuo us 4 5 . . stiffl y ascend ing rather than curve or : awns mostly cm long Its greater size , stil er

and the d f . particle , shorter awns give plant a i ferent aspect , though the technical characters are similar A : d S c bne : and to those of the species . TYPE LOC LITY In ian Creek ( ri r DISTRIB UTION Plains

and a n d d a n d . hills , Minnesota to Washington Oregon , southwar to Texas , Arizona , northern Mexico

19 24 is d H . 2 2 : 565 . . arifl o ra H . . . S . . Ar istida longiseta var . r itchc Contr U Nat erb A r ti a

d A lo n i set . rar i Io r a 27 . . 3 1 . 19 r ar i o ra H e nra rd M e de d . R i ks H . L d S4 : 4 / fi , j erb ei en ( Base on g a var fe w ~flo we red fle x uo us H itchc . ) Difi e rs from the species in the panicle with capillary branches bearing

u e . taxi lo rd 1 the A . on se a A . u or 2 spikelets . This form bears same relation to l gi t that p rp r a var / ' he difle r . d A . u u e . s t oes to p rp r a The two varietie have same aspect , but in the spikelet characters

r d . d M ore information is needed on both fo ms . They may prove to be istinct species Being scattere here a nd there through the range of the respective species the y are referred to them as varieties . d a nd n . : TYPE LOC ALI TY : Tom Gree County , Texas DISTRIBUTION Dry plains , Texas to Colora o

Arizona . 396 N ORTH A M ER I C A N FL OR A [VOLUM E 1 7

1 1. Bo t. . 1 h . C . o . : 1 43 . 1 8 1 . 44 . Ari stida lan sa Mu l ; E S Ga 6 3 n t . am . . . 1 : 45 . 1 8 10. A ristida la a a Poir in L Encyc Suppl (Type from South Carolina . ) Not

1 7 7 5 . la na ta . A . Porsk 1 1 1 ' . S . . 2 : 39 . 8 7 . d o n A ristida l n ata . Chaetar ia go ssypin a B e a uv . ; R S . yst Veg ( Base a Poir ) d - 2 85 . M em . . t . Pete rsb . . 1 0 n u n . S 7 . 1 43 A ri stida l a gi osa Clarion ; Trin Rupr Aca VI : 3 8 . (Type

A . lan u no sa . 1 824 . from North America . ) Not g i Burch

2 : 267 1 894 . d st da la nos a M o ulin sia lanosa . . . I nd . . . . Raf ; B D Jackson , Kew ( Base on A ri i Muhl )

i 1 Plants perenn al ; culms sol itar y or few in a tuft , erect , rather robust , glabrous , - o fi at meters tall ; sheaths lanate pubescent or rarel y glabr us , overlapping ; blades , tapering to a

o o he 5 0 c m. fine involute p int , scabr us on j; upper surface , glabrous beneath , as much as long and _ 40 4 . mm . wide ; pan icle narrow , rather loose , as much as cm long , the branches ascending or

- 1 0 . appressed , the lower distant , as much as cm long , lanate p ubescen t at base ; glumes unequal ,

- - — 1 1 2 1 4 . nerved , acute or awn pointed , the first mm long , scabrous on the keel and more or less — 1 on 8 9 . o on the back , the second about cm . long , glabrous the keel ; lemma mm l ng , pubescent

on n the callus , scabrous on the keel and on the sides toward the summit , scarcel y beaked ; aw s

t reflexe d . unequal , the central horizon ally spreading , or from a curved base , cm long ,

r the lateral half to two thirds as long , erect o horizontall y spreading , the base a l ittle co ntorted .

TYPE LOC A LITY : South Carolina . : S d d an d an d d DISTRIB UTION an y soil of the Coastal Plain , New Jersey to Flori a Texas , northwar

to Oklahoma .

22 : 5 66 . 4 r Scribn erian a h . C o . U . . . e . 5 . A istida Hitc c ntr S N at H rb 2 1 9 4 .

H 13 . n u n no H ...... 1 7 : 27 8 . 19 . la i osa A ri stida lan ugi sa Scribn . ; itchc Contr U S Nat erb Not A g

Burch . 1 8 24 .

o o 1 - Plan ts perennial ; cul ms cespit se , ab ut meter tall , erect , lanate pubescent except in the

- region of the nodes , scabrous below the pan icle ; leaves mostl y basal , the sheaths lanate pubes — — o 1 0 25 . 1 2 . cent except ab ve the nodes , this portion glabrous ; blades cm long , mm wide , end - - u ing in a long fine point , sparsel y lanate pubescent , the older cul m blades flat and c rled , the

“ - f 1 0—25 o . o upper culm blades and those the innovat ions in volute ; pan icle cm l ng , nar row , the

1 0 . branches appressed , the lowermost as much as cm long , naked below , a short branchlet at e l - - base ; spikelets on short appr ssed pedicels ; glumes nerved , acuminate or short awned , sparsel y — — o 6 7 . o o 1 2 . o lanate , scabr us on the keels , the first mm long , the sec nd ab ut mm l nger ; lemma — smooth below except the short pilose callus , scabrous above , tapering into a scabrous , sl ightl y

1 1 . twisted beak , the entire length , including the beak , about mm ; awns subequal , somewhat 5 1 1 . 2 . . spreading , the central one about mm long , the lateral about mm long

A : d in le TYPE LOC LITY Gua alajara , Mexico ( Pr g

: an d . DISTRIBUTION Rocky hills gravelly plains . Pacific slope of Mexico : Gri iths 8 1 3 1 d an d NOTE fi , from Gua alajara , is only slightly lanate on the culms sheaths , but fl x o u the glumes are beset with long e u s hairs .

’

4 . r e e h . o . . . 22 : 6 A istida n gl cta Le on ; Hitc c C ntr U S N at . H erb . 5 67 2 1 9 4 .

40—60 Plants perennial ; culms loosel y cespitose , erect , wiry , glabrous , cm . tall ; sheaths o glabr us , much shorter than the internodes , distributed along the culm , villous at the throat , f the hairs deciduous ; ligule a cil iate membrane less than mm . long ; blades sti f and firm ,

- 5 . 1 . soon involute , sharp pointed , usuall y not more than cm long , often shorter , less than mm — — 5 1 0 . wide , glabrous beneath , scabrous puberulent on upper surface ; pan icle narrow , cm long , — f 1 2 . o 1 r 2 the branches distant , rather sti fly ascending , cm l ng , bearing o branchlets at base ,

-flower r — - ed o o 7 9 . 1 few ; glumes equal the sec nd a l ittle longer , mm long , nerved , acuminate or - o awn p inted , the first scaberulous on the keel , the secon d glabrous ; lemma about 1 cm . long , 1 the callus pilose , less than mm . long , the body glabrous , terete , graduall y tapering in to a — o 3 4 . n o scabr us twisted beak mm long ; aw s ab ut equal , divergen t , finally nearl y horizontal , — ' 1 0 1 5 . ifi o . i d ers A . curti ol a mm long , slightl y c n torted at base This species from f in the

o A . e acta twisted beak of the lemma and fr m r fr in the scarcel y contorted awns , an d from both ART 5 1 93 5 P , ] POA CEA E 397

in habit . I n the former species the very short blades tend to be in pairs and in the latter

. ne le ta they are clustered at the base The leaves of A . g c are distributed uniforml y along the culm and are not clustered at the base .

Y A : . T PE LOC LITY Guanabacoa , Cuba : H i i an d S DISTRIBUTION Grassy barrens , Cuba , a t , anto Domingo

i r i e e o . . . . 1 47 . V C U e . : 2 82 . A st da appr s sa as y , ntr S Nat H rb 1 89 3 .

d ess . brevior H sti a . . S . . . 1 : 282 . 1 893 . A ri a ppr a var Vasey , Contr U Nat erb (Type from G uada la

jara , Mexico . )

— a 80 1 00 . Pl nts perennial ; culms erect , densel y cespitose , cm tall , the upper internode very

long ; sheaths glabrous , sparsel y bearded at the summit ; blades elongate , glabrous , the lower

fia t fiexuo us 3 . , curled or , about mm wide , with a long involute point , the upper involute - ; — 0 20 3 . panicle cm lon g , narrow , the branches appressed , the branchlets and spikelets appressed ; i 1 sp kelets usuall y closel y imbricate ; glumes about equal , about cm . long , with an awn about 1 1 . o 6 . 1 mm long , the first finel y scabrous ver the back ; lemma as much as mm long , the mm . l 7 — ca 8 . l ong lus p ubescent , the neck twisted , at maturity mm long ; awns nearly erect , the central 2 about cm . long , the lateral a little shorter .

M E A : d . LOC LITY Gua alaj ara , Mexico

: a n d . DISTRIBUTION Dry hills rocky slopes , Mexico

4 Pradan é o o . C 8 . a o e 53 45 . Aristida L n ; Britt n , B ull T rr y lub 8 1 926 .

0— 0 l 6 8 . Cu ms tufted , erect , wiry , cm tall , simple and naked , the upper leaves of the culm , to if an y , reduced the elongate , strongl y adherent and mostly bladeless sheath ; blades firm , — flexuo us 60 . 2 35 5 . closel y involute from the base , , as much as cm long or more ; panicle cm long , a o r a n rrow , the branches appressed , finally divergent spre ding , the lower ones distant , as much 1 —1 2 — 0 . l 8 . 1 5 1 7 . as cm long ; glumes unequal , mm long , the first caducous ; emma mm long , — l 1 . inc uding the mm long short pilose callus , narrowed above in to an obscure beak ; awns un — 2 3 . as equal , the central one spread ing , cm long , the lateral cending , half as long as the central or a l ittl e more .

P. A : A d d d de TYP LOC LITY ri rocky siliceous hillsi e , Pela eros Jauco , southwest of Baracoa , Cuba . DISTRI BUTION : Known only from the type collection (L é on

H h o k Henrar M ede . Ri ks e . 49 . n d d e e 54 : Aristida itc c c ia a , j H rb L id n ‘ 1 2 2 3 3 . 9 7 .

c Perennial ; ul ms cespitose , erect , simple , somewhat scaberulous , especially below the

i 7 0 . e pan cle , about cm tall ; sheaths scaberulous , specially toward summit , pilose at the throat ,

- o r 2 3 . the collar pubescent ; blades flat loosel y involute at base , about mm wide , narrowed to an o — involute p in t , somewhat scabrous , scabrous pubescent on the upper surface , villous near base ;

2 5 . o u panicle about cm l ng , narrow , more or less interr pted , the branches appressed ; spikelets

- 1 . short pediceled ; glumes about equal , about cm long , the first acute , scabrous on the keel , more

a r ifi or l ess scabrous on the back , the second glabrous , trunc te o somewhat b d at summit ,

o a o on 1 2 . callus mucr n te ; lemma glabr us the body , about mm long , including the densely pilose

(nea rly 1 mm . long) an d the twisted scabrous neck about 3 mm . long ; awns somewhat spread — — 16 1 8 . 9 10 . . ing , the central mm long , the lateral mm long

A : L as S d . TYPE LOC LITY e as , Oaxaca

L . Sm h DISTRIB UTION : K nown only from the type specimen (C . it

5 0. a izo V e . o e C 1 3 : 2 7 . 1 88 6 . Aristida r nica as y , B ull T rr y lub

Plants perennial ; culms cespitose , erect , glabrous , slightl y roughened below the panicle , 0— 0 l 35 1 2 . s cm tall ; sheath s glabrous , ometimes villous at the throat ; blades f at , narrowed into a fine in volute point , or some of them involute throughout , scaberulous on the u pper surface ,

— —4 fle xuo us o 1 0 3 0 1 . glabr us beneath , cm . long , mm wide , the older ones usuall y curled or ;

d a t. panicles narrow , erect or somewhat no ding , closel y flowered or more or less interrupted 398 NORT H A M ERI C A N FL ORA [VOLUM E 1 7

— 5 — 1 1 0 25 . e 0 base , cm long , the branches appr ssed , crowded or rather distant , the lower mostl y

cm . long , sometimes longer , the axis very scabrous ; Spikelets appressed and closel y set on the

- — awn 1 2 m m . 1 branchlets ; gl umes equal or sl ightl y unequal , pointed , or with an awn long , — 1 0 1 5 m m . o n S s nerved , mostl y long , the first scabrous the keel and ometime on the back , 1 the second glabrous ; lemma cm . long , incl ud ing the more or less twisted beak of about — 3 5 . 1 . n mm , the callus pilose , about mm long ; aw s about equal , ascending or somewhat spread 1—2 m ing , mostl y c . long .

A : L as s . TYPE LOC LI TY Vega . New Mexico — : d an d m ostlv 1 500 2500 d DISTRIBUTION Dry plains , stony hillsi es . open forest , at meters altitu e , western Tex as to Arizona . 1 1 2 : l . 22 . ILLUSTR A TION : Bull . U . S . Dep . Agr . Bot . p

1 . P . . r o iz e o . M ex . 7 8 886 5 1 . A istida r ab nsis F urn l Gram

stida seudos adicea H d . . d . 49 : 500. 1 9 1 3 . L A ri p p ubbar , Proc Am Aca (Type from Manatee agoon ,

British H onduras . )

- st d or iza bens is . se udos a dicea H e n rard M e de d . R i ks H . L d 5 4 : 47 3 . 1 92 8 . A ri i a var p p , j erb ei en

seudos adicea H d . (Based on A . p p ubbar ) — 40 0 . 2 . u A . a essa 8 Resembl ing ppr ; cul ms cm tall ; blades not more than mm wide , the p per surface scabrous- pubescent ; pan icle narrow but rather l ax and interru pted ; glumes glabrous

e k usuallv e o 3 . ov r the bac ; lemma about as long as the glum s , the twisted neck onl y ab ut mm —1 long ; awn s 1 0 2 mm . long .

T P : Y E LOC A LI TY Orizaba . : an d DISTRIB UTION Dry hills , plains , rocky slopes , Mexico to Panama

2 . h . . r . . 1 : 4 1 1 3 5 Ari stida str icta Mic x Fl Bo Am . 80

A ro st 0 1 52 1 . 1 1 2 . A d tr cl a . C haelaria st c a B ea u v . . 3 58 8 d s i s i ri t g , , (Base on ri t a Michx ) - 2 r h 4 4 . n . M em . d t . Pé tersb . . 7 : 1 0 . 1 8 3 . A ristida B ey ic ia a Tri n Rupr . Aca S VI (Type from Georgia ) — n 5 0 1 00 . o Plants peren ial ; culms cespitose , erect , glabrous , cm tall ; sheaths glabr us , i o o pubescent about the throat ; blades cl osel y involute , scabrous on the upper surface , v ll us ab ve — 0 4 1 . o fiexuo us 3 0 . o the base , glabrous beneath , firm , s mewhat , as much as cm long , ab ut mm

o l as as 3 0 . o or th ick when r lled ; panic es long an d slender , much cm l ng even more , the branches

: e 5 . fl or ifero us s appr ssed , the lower usually rather distant , as much as cm long , from the ba e

— - - awn 7 9 . 1 n glumes about equal , tipped , mm long , the first nerved or with an additio al nerve 1 - on one side , glabrous on the back , scaberulous on the keel , the secon d nerved , glabrous on

6 . back and keel ; lemma glabrous except the pubescent callus , abo ut mm long , scarcel y beaked ;

o 1 . awns ab ut equal , divergent , sometimes horizontall y spreading , the central cm long , the

lateral a l ittle shorter .

TYPE LOC A LITY : South Carolina .

: d a nd d s i i . DISTRIBUTION Common in pine barrens , North Carolina to Flori a , westwar to Mi s ss ppi A A S . . . r ost . 7 z . 85 . I LLUSTR TION : Bull . U . Dep Agr g f

5 3 . r rhizo h r w ll n 1 1 92 9 . m o o a a e o . h . . 9 : 1 96 . A istida p S , J ur Was Acad

5—80 - a 6 . Plants perennial ; cul ms tufted , erect , cm tall , producing well developed sc l y rhi z o m es —1 1— fle 7 0 . 2 xu ; bl ades firm , flat or folded , cm long , mm . wide , those of the innovations — 3 0 . flexu u 20 0 o s 3 . ous , as much as cm long ; pan icle , cm long , the distant branches somewhat -flowered - l spreading , few , spikelet bearing from near the b ase ; glumes acum inate , usua l y awned , 8—1 4 1 2—1 — 7 . 1 2 . the first mm . long , t he second mm long (including the awn ) ; lemm a 9 mm long ,

1 . o fiexuous the callus mm l ng , the awn , curved or loosely twisted at base , spreading , the central reflex d l 1 —24 — e 8 . 1 5 20 . . often by a semicircu ar bend , mm long , the lateral mm long

A : L d Wea the wa TYPE LOC LI TY North of ake Okeechobee , Flori a ( r x

: n i L d . DISTRIBUTION K own only from the prairie reg on north of ake Okeechobee , Flori a A A : d . 1 9 : 196 . . 1 ILLUSTR TION Jour . Wash . ca f .

5 4 . i e h r e . C o . U . 1 2 . 1 9 9 . A i st da r cta Hitc c ntr S . N at . H erb . 2 : 3 6 0

n ul o a th Plants peren ial ; c ms erect , rather stout , glabr us , as much as meters t ll ; shea s o e fiat o i e glabrous , longer than the intern d s ; blades , bec ming nvolute , speciall y toward the A RT 5 1 93 5 P , ] POA CEA E 399

- ti o 1 much attenuate p , scabr us on the upper surface , glabrous beneath , as much as meter long — , 3 5 m m . 5 0 wide ; pan icles narrow , as much as cm . long , the numerous very scabrous branches

i - 1 0 . ascend ng or appressed , the lower as much as cm long or even longer , all spikelet bearin g o l 2— fr m the base , the spike ets crowded on erect rather stout pedicels 3 mm . long ; glumes glabrous

awn — 3 - on the back , unequal , acuminate or tipped , the first nerved with one of the lateral — r 1 2 1 5 - o m m . l ne ves indistinct , scabr us on the keel , long , the second nerved , smooth on the — — e 2 3 . ke l 1 2 1 3 . , mm shorter than the first ; lemma cm long , glabrous on the body , the short fi l i o l inde nite obscure y tw sted beak scabrous t ward the summit , the ca lus pilose ; awns divergent o 2—3 or h rizontall y spreading , the cen tral cm . long , the lateral somewhat shorter , the curved base not warped .

TYPE LOC A LITY : Western Cuba ( Wright R I : DIST B UTION Savannas of western Cuba .

5 5 . e Po . . 1 4 2 . . 1 8 1 0. Aristida purpurasc n s ir in Lam Encyc Suppl : 5 .

hael ar ia u u as cen s Be au v A C . o st . 30 1 52 1 58 1 8 1 2 r . . d A is d u u n p rp r g , , ( Base on r ti a p rp rasce s Poir . ) ist da E lliottia n a d n A S . S . . 1 33 1 8 4 . 5 . a d . st ict d d r i teu y Gram (B se on A r a as escribe by Elliott ,

s c . not A . tri ta Michx )

tida Ge eritm a d n . . 1 1 s S 33 . 854 . . A ri y Steu . y Gram (Type from Illinois )

da u u as cen s . m no ist i H . 3 : 46 1 89 2 t . . S . . . H A r i p rp r var r Vasey , Con r U Nat erb . (Type from orn

d . Islan , Mississippi ) n m is da u u sce s la ucissi a S . S . . . A o st . 1 . . r 901 . A r ti p rp ra g Kearney ; cribn Ball , Bull U Dep Agr g

(Type from Biloxi , Mississippi . )

l o l Plants perennia , rarely glauc us ; cu ms cespitose from a rather thin weak base , erect or 40—7 0 somewhat decumbent at base , slender , glabrous , mostl y cm . tall , sometimes as much as 1 meter , the lower internodes sometimes somewhat zigzag ; sheaths glabrous or the lower with a few loose hairs , more or less compressed an d keeled , especiall y the lower overlapping ones ; fiat fle xuo us blades , rather lax an d , scabrous on the upper surface , sometimes with a few loose — 0 1 0 2 . 2 hairs toward the base , glabrous beneath , mostl y cm long , usuall y less than mm . wide ; n pa icle narrow , rather lax and nodding , one third to half the length of the culm , the branches l 1— 2 rather lax y appressed , cm . long , sometimes more ; glumes about equal or the lower a little

— 1 - fi z n 9 1 2 . r t o longer , mm long , usuall y mucronate , nerved or the with a weak nerve one side ,

n the first scabrous o the keel and o ften on the back , the second glabrous or nearly so ; lemma a 7 a . . little shorter th n the glumes , about mm long , sl ightl y pubescent on the mm long callus ,

o on o n glabr us the body , scabrous the keel and at the scarcel y beaked summit ; awns about a equ l , or the central a l ittle longer , fin al ly all divergent , horizontall y spreading or somewha t

fle re xed . . , cm long

TYPE LOC A LITY : South Carolina .

: d K a nd d id and . DISTRIB UTION Dry san y soil , Massachusetts to ansas , southwar to Flor a Texas

S4 : 67 1 . k H e . e e i vilfifolia H en rard M ede d . Ri s 5 6 . Arist da ; j rb L id n

1 92 8 . — u 3 0 60 . C l ms rather loosel y tufted , erect , slender and wiry , cm tall ; blades flat or often — o i o r fle xuo us 3 5 . inv lute , becom ng curved , thickened on the margins, mostl y cm long , some

1 . times as much as 8 em . on the inn ovations , sometimes shorter , mostl y not more than mm — o 5 1 5 . wide ; panicles erect , narr w , cm long , the branches short and appressed , approximate or — 6—7 o a 6 8 . mm . long ften dist nt , especiall y below ; glumes about equal , acute , mm long ; lemma , — 5 1 0 1 . includin g the mm . long callus ; central awn spreading , mm long , the lateral awns

o erect or so mewhat spreading , usually ab ut two thirds as long as the central , all nearl y straight

so m e tIm es W i ht 3 83 1 at base , con torted ( r g ,

b H e . A : C am a tie m e . Gr . N at. TYPE LOC LI TY g y , Cuba (A r r

: S d d and a nd H i i . DISTR IBUTION an y woo s savannas , Bahamas , Cuba , span ola

7 8 . 1 886 . i m nni o . M ex . P . . 5 7 . Aristida L eb a F urn l Gram — 3 0 5 0 . Perennial ; culms erect , cm tall ; leaves mostl y basal , somewhat distichous , the — he 1 2 . t , blades flat , mm wide , or those of innovations in volute , all narrowed to a fine point 400 N ORTH A M ER ICA N FLOR A wo r m s 1 7

-l —1 r e 6 5 . minutel y pubescent on the upper su face ; pan ic cm long , rather loose , the branches

flo rifero us —flow ered slender , ascending , nearl y from base , rather few , the spikelets appressed but not closel y imbricate ; glumes acuminate , somewhat unequal , the first a l ittle longer ; lemma

— - 8 9 . . o o mm long , including the very short mm ) sh rt pubescent callus , the summit s mewhat

2 . narrowed but no t twisted ; awns about equal , widel y or horizontall y spreading , about cm long , slightl y contorted at base .

A : d L iebm an n TYPE LOC LI TY Mira or , Veracruz ( i DISTRIB UTION : Eastern Mex co .

curtifolia h . Co . U . . . e . 1 2 : 2 3 5 . 1 909 . 5 8 . Aristid a H itc c ntr S N at H rb

f 2 0—40 Plants perennial , the crown hard an d woody ; culms erect , glabrous , stif and wiry , i 0 . a ro x or even 6 cm tall , the alternate internodes short , thus bringing the leaves together pp — o o l 5 1 0 . e matel y in p airs ; sheaths glabrous , short , ften n y mm long , sometim s slightly v illous f on at the throat ; bl ades short , thick , sti fly spreading , flat , or soon involute , scabrous the upper — — 1 . u 5 20 . o surface , gl abrous beneath , those of the c l m mostl y mm l ng and mm wide , the o o basal ones s metimes longer , t he upper ones ften much reduced ; panicle narrow , nearl y simple , — 5 1 0 o r o 5 cm . long , the sp ikelets subsessile occasi nall y terminating short erect branch es about

— l - o mm . l ong ; glumes nearl y equal , 8 9 mm . long , nerved , glabr us except the scabrous upper

1 . 7 . part of the keel of the first ; lemma about mm long , the callus pilose , nearl y mm long , the — o 1 0 1 2 . body glabrous , tapering into a short straight beak ; awns ab ut equal , mm long , scabrous , o o . t spreading , not c ntorted at base This species is charac erized by the wiry stems and the sh rt sharp blades mostly in pairs .

TYPE LOC ALITY : Cuba ( Wright

: an d . DISTRIBUTION Dry hills barrens , Cuba

l 1 1 . P shn h . e o . f . : 0 1 9 1 2 5 9 . C ari . Ari stida H itc c in J ps n , Fl ali

0— o 3 50 . Plants perennial ; culms cespitose , erect , glabr us , cm tall ; sheaths glabrous , slightl y 1 villous at the throat ; l igule a short ciliate membrane , the hairs as much as mm . long ; blades

o o r u o sca be ascen ding , firm , m re less involute , scabrous on the upper s rface , glabr us beneath , ru — — 1 5 30 . 1 2 m m . o 1 5 lous toward the involute tip , cm long , wide ; panicle narr w , about cm . long , fli 2- 4 sti s s . e o the branches rather stout , y a cending or appre sed , the lower c m long ; glum s s me

- - l o 1 2 . o on what unequal , short awned , nerved , the first ab ut mm l ng , scabrous the keel , the — 1 2 1 2 . 1 o o o . second mm . longer , glabr us ; lemma ab ut mm long , the callus ab ut mm long , pilose , the body glabrous below , gradually tapering above into a short beak , increasingl y scabrous on the upper half toward the straight or o bscurel y twisted summit ; awns about equal o o or the lateral a little shorter , divergent , scarcel y contorted , very scabr us fr m the base , the central about cm . long .

d sh A : u a B s . TYPE LOC LITY Ag a Caliente , Colora o Desert , California ( P ri ro

: an d . DISTRIBUTION Dry or rocky soil , Arizona southern California

icen sis e m b. 11 . 4 0. ortor P U 6 : 1 00. 1 903 . Aristida p ilg r ; rban , Sy Anti

Plants perennial ; culms cespitose , often in large tufts , more or less branched , slender ,

o or . o glabr us , erect ascending from a spreading base , cm tall ; sheaths glabr us , a few long o hairs at the throat ; blades involute , sparsel y beset with l ng weak hairs on the upper surface , — flexuous 5 1 0 . glabrous beneath , somewhat curved or , mostl y cm long , sca rcel y 1 mm . thick

l -flowe — red o 3 8 . when rolled ; p anic es narrow , loose , few , m stl y cm long , the few distant branches f flo riferous rather sti fly ascending , mostl y from the base , bearing a few appressed sp ikelets , the 4 1 — wn - . a 7 . lower as much as cm long ; glumes unequal , nerved , pointed , the first about mm long ,

1 . on scabrous on keel and back , the second about cm long , smooth the keel , scabrous on the m 1 2 . back ; le ma about mm long , including the pilose callus and the scabrous , sl ightl y twisted — — 2 3 . r 2 o o 3 . r beak mm long ; awns ab ut equal the central a little longer , cm long , d ivergent o o horiz ntally spreading , the base slightly spirall y curved or warped .

A : Sin ten is TYPE LOC LITY Mayaguez , Porto Rico ( : DISTRIBUTION Open stony Slopes on Monte Mesa , near Mayaguez , Porto Rico .

402 NORTH A M ERIC A N FLORA [VOLUM E 1 7

— involute , the apex fine and involute , scabrous pubescent on the upper surface , glabrous beneath ,

0 . 3 . 5 0 . as much as 3 cm long an d mm wide ; panicle narrow and virgate , as much as cm long , 0 the branches appressed , rather distant but mostl y overlapping , the lower as much as 1 cm . 2 1 . long , sometimes naked at base ; glumes about equal , mucronate , about mm long , the first 2— with a distinct nerve on one side (thus nerved) , more or less scabrous on the back , scabrous on

- l 8 . the keel , the second nerved , glabrous on back and keel ; lemma about mm long , sparingl y pubescent on the callus , glabrous on the body , somewhat scaberulous on the straight 1 mm . — 3 . o long beak ; awns unequal , the central horizontall y spreading , cm l ng , the lateral erect , two thirds to three fourths as long .

TYPE LOC A LITY : Pennsylvania . w d a n d : L o . DISTRIB UTION pine barrens on the Coastal Plain , North Carolina to Flori a Texas

. A ros t . z . 86 . I LLUSTR ATION : Bull . U . S . Dep Agr . g 7 f

k . e e n tdec . 2 : 60. 1 2 1 . 65 Aristida virgata Trin . N u E 8

d st d 2 l is i a cta S d . . . e . . : 132 . v ta 40 t l 1 8 . . s ric a A r t ri teu Nom Bot , as synonym of A irga Trin . Not A 0 1 8 3 . Michx . M m d -P b 2 t e en n n z . . is d is Pa . . 8: e . St . é ters . . 7 : 1 04 . 1 84 A r i a p r ; Trin Rupr Aca VI 3 . ( Type from H n a d i de e r rd M e de . R ks H . d 54 : 439 S L . outh Carolina , fi , j erb ei en n 2 2 1 istida u u asce s . de au e t . 1 9 . : 0 . 8 6 . A r p rp r var p p ra a Vasey ; Beal , Grasses N Am (Type from

S . Ocean prings , Mississippi ) '

ist d C ha m am an a S . SE . . S . 1 1 8 1 32 7 . 1 903 . A r i a p Nash , in mall , Fl U , (Type from Apalachicola , d Flori a . )

s 50—80 Plants perennial ; culms cespitose from a rather slender oft base , erect , glabrous , 1 cm . tall , sometimes as much as meter ; sheaths gl abrous , scarcel y flattened or keeled ; blades

o flat , rather lax , tapering to a fine point , scabrous on the upper surface , glabr us beneath , as 2 3 0 . o . t much as cm long , usual ly not m re than mm w ide ; panicle slender , erect but not very s iff ,

one rather loosel y flowered , third to half the entire lengt h of the cul m , the branches mo stl y t 1—2 o short an d somewhat appressed , mos l y cm . long , not closely verlapping , bearing several

— - o 6 7 . approximate spikelets ; glumes ab ut equal , mm long , acuminate or awn tipped , the first l - n nerved , sometimes w ith a weak nerve on one side , scabrous o the keel and on the back , the — 4 5 . o second glabrous ; lemma mm long , often mottled , s mewhat laterally compressed , glabro us n except the short pubescent callus and the very short sl ightl y scaberulous beak ; aw s unequal , — 2 o reflexed . the central h rizontall y spreading or somewhat , cm long , the lateral erect , about f two thirds as l ong as the central , the base o the cen tral more robust and glabrous on the under

ifl n e ic d er o A . lo s a side of the curve . This species s fr m g p in being perennial an d in the glabrous lerrun a A u u a cen s s . ; from . p rp r in the erect lateral awns The fruit is distinguished by its size , of glabrous surface , and the smooth robust basal curve the central awn , which is sharpl y ben t , the smaller lateral awns being erect .

A : d . TYPE LOC LITY North America [Phila elphia , Pennsylvania] : d d and DISTRIBUTION Moist san y soil of the Coastal Plain , New Jersey to Flori a Texas .

2 in - . M em . . t. Pé tersb . . 7 : 1 1 1 . 66 Ari stida t cta Trin . R upr . Acad S V I

1 843 .

1 haetar i d e A t . 9 t C a s a c a ro s . 3 85 . 1 82 . is ida s a dicea H . E . K . 1 8 5 . p i Nees , g Bras Not A r p

A ist da br ev lum is R e er t. S . 1 7 : 1 52 1 92 1 i . r i ig Mez , p p Nov . . . (Type from Buenos Aires , Costa R ca )

i 40—60 Perenn al ; culms densel y cespitose , erect , slender , cm . tall ; sheaths glabrous ; blades — 1 2 . u elongate , flat , with slender involute tips , mm wide , gl abrous beneath , scaber lous on the o flexuo us upper surface ; panicle c ntracted , somewhat , rather dense , purplish with yellowish —1 5 5 . 6 m m fl i h n 5 . att s aw s , cm long ; glumes about equal , acuminate , mm . long ; lemma long , , the n the minutel y pubescent callus very short , summit somewhat narrowed , straight ; aw s — flexuo us 1 5 20 . slender , somewhat spreading at base , more or less or curved , the central mm o 1 0—1 2 l ng , the lateral mm . lo ng .

A TYPE LOC LITY : Brazil . : id a n d i DISTRIB UTION Dry hills es savannas , Costa Rica to Braz l . A T 5 1 93 5 P R , ] POACEA E 403

67 . sim liciflor ha C m . Bo t . . a az 1 8 7 . Ari stida p p G 3 : 1 8 . 8

d im lici olia s s a . . S . . H . 3 : 44 1 9 8 2 . A ri ti a p f V sey , Contr U Nat erb .

o 3 0 Plants perennial ; cul ms cespitose fr m a rather del icate base , slender , erect , glabrous ,

60 . cm tall ; sheaths glabrous , mostl y shorter than the internodes ; blades flat , with a fine involute

u al o ~ point , scabrous on the upper s rface an d s sometimes beset with scattering long hairs , gla — — 5 1 5 . 1 . 1 0 0 brous beneath , cm long , about mm wide ; panicles slender , somewhat nodding , 2

- - - . flo we red i t cm long , few , the sp kelets mos l y in pairs , one long pediceled , one short pediceled , a o x sc rcel y verlap ping or the lower pairs distant , the pedicels ascending or la l y appressed ;

— - 6 7 . o awn sea glumes about equal , mm long , gradually narr wed to an tipped point , the first brous on the keel and back , the second glabrous ; lemma a l ittle shorter than the glumes , glabrous

- n except the short pubescent callus , scaberulous on the scarcel y beaked summit ; aw s somewhat

reflexe unequal , the central finall y d by a semicircular and sometimes contorted bend above the

. o base , about cm long , the lateral awns h rizontall y spreading , more or less contorted at base ,

l . a l itt e shorter than the central one This species is distinguished b y the slender , almost race

o a . m se panicle and the divergent awns , the central with a strong bend above the b se

d TYPE LOC A LI TY : Western Flori a . d d M ll : cN ei . . DISTRIBUTION Moist pine woo s , western Flori a ; , southern Mississippi Rare

h 8 . M ohrii . . Y . Bot. . 1 : 43 . 1 9 0 6 Ari stida Nas , B ull N Gard 6 0

n Plants peren ial ; culms erect , sometimes a l ittle geniculate at base , slender , glabrous , 40—60 cm . tall ; sheaths glabrous , the lower pilose at the throat ; blades flat or those of the inno vatio ns o o inv lute , scabrous on the upper surfa ce , the lower also pilose , glabr us beneath , the — 1— 1 0 1 5 . 2 . margins thickened , those of the lower culm mostly cm long , mm wide , the upper

n 3 0 . t most reduced ; pa icle slender and strict , as much as cm long , the spikele s sol itary , appressed , — a 2 3 . dist n t , even the upper not overlapping , the pedicels firm , mm long ; glumes equal , firm , fi i o 1 . stram neous , rather broad t ward the mucronate apex , about cm long , the rst slightl y scabrous on the keel toward the summit ; lemma terete , glabrous , a l ittle shorter than the glumes ,

al t 1 m m . the c lus very sharp , abou long , p ilose , the summit beakless ; awns divergent , the cen — flex i a 2 . tral on e re ed by a sem circular bend near the b se , cm long , the lateral ones scarcel y

i or reflexed shorter than the central , hor zontall y spreading , the bend not markedl y semicircular ,

' A sim lici ora difi ers e to . the base more or less contorted . This sp cies is allied p fi , but in the sol itar y distant appressed spikelets , and the longer glumes and lemma .

Y A : S Hi . T PE LOC LI TY pring ll , Mobile County , Alabama DISTRIBUTION : Sterile pine ri dges ; known only from the region of Spri ng H ill .

22 : 5 8 1 . ri tenuis ica h . Co . U . . . e . 69 . A stida p Hitc c ntr S N at H rb 2 1 9 4 .

— ts 60 1 00 . Plan perennial ; culms cespitose , slender , gl abrous , cm tall ; sheaths glabrous , somewhat pilose aroun d the throat ; l igule a short ciliate membrane , less than mm . long ; — — t o 1 0 20 . 1 2 . blades fia , narrowed in to an in volute p int , cm long , mm wide , glabrous beneath , scabrou s and bearing scattering long hairs on the upper surface ; panicle slender and narrow , f d abou t hal f the entire length o the cul m , the branches short and appressed , somewhat istant ,

- - flo wered 8 . few glumes nearl y equal , somewhat awn pointed , the first about mm long , scabrous l - ii c rved on the keel , having a lateral nerve on one side , the second a little longer than the first , , 1 1 . . glabrous on the keel ; lemma about 7 mm . long including the mm long callus and the mm

- — refle xe d a 1 2 1 5 . , long be k , dark colored ; awns equal , mostl y mm long , spreading or somewhat

' he difl ers A . m ns t spirall y contorted at bas e . This species from gy in flat blades , taller culms ,

o . sh rter callus , and more nearl y equal glumes

A : H d ( C o m bs TYPE LOC LITY illsboro , Flori a

: Lo w i d . DISTRIB UTION pine barrens , peninsular Flor a

995 . I LLUSTR A TION : Hitchc . Man . f . 404 NORTH A M ER IC A N FLOR A [VOLUM E 1 7

o ha m 7 0. e C . Bo t . G az . 3 : 1 9 . 1 8 Ari stida c nd nsata p 7 8 .

t d t n n a . ic a . c de s . S . . H . 3 : 45 . 1 892 . o n n A s a s d . c de ri i r t var o ta Vasey , Contr U Nat erb (Base on A a m sata C h p . ) A 2 4 43 s ida C om bs ii S . . . S . . . ros t . : . 1 901 A ri t cribn Ball , Bull U Dep Agr g . (Type from Grasmere ,

ifl A . c n densa ta Florida ; d er s from o in having glabrous lower sheaths . ) '

m b zi H e n . M d R i k st da c n den sa a . C o s r e ed . s H . d 54 : 1 08 . 1 926 d A ri i o t var j erb L ei en . ( Base on A .

8: ll . C o m bs ii Scribn . Ba )

u o or t Plants perennial ; c lms rather robust , erect , glabr us , a meter more all ; sheaths gla o — fi a t br us , or the lower appressed villous , usuall y overlapping ; blades firm , , becoming involute , o n especiall y toward the fine point , scabrous the upper surface , glabrous beneath , as much as — — 0 3 . 0 . 5 1 3 cm . long , mm wide ; panicle narrow , as much as 3 cm long , the branches 0 cm . long ,

— - s 8 9 . awn a cending , closel y flowered ; glumes about equal , mm long , acuminate or pointed , — m l a o 8 . t 1 nerved , the first sc brous on the keel ; lem a terete , ab ut mm long , the callus more han

- mm . l n o long , very sharp , densely short pilose , the beak very short , slightl y scaberu ous ; aw s ab ut 1 0—1 m m or n 5 . a equal , divergent horizontally spreadi g , long , the b se more or less conto rted , A n l . . la osa final y forming a loose spiral This species has the aspect of , but the sheaths are

fo r o . glabrous , excep t sometimes a sparse pubescence on the lower nes

i A : id . TYPE LOC LITY Apalach cola , Flor a : S d r d an d DISTRIB UTION an y pine or oak ba rens , Georgia , Flori a , Alabama , on the Coastal Plain .

A o st . 1 7 . A : . S . . . r ILLUSTR TION Bull U . Dep Agr g

1 : 1 23 . 1 1 5 . ri i e . . . N ov . Gen . . 8 7 1 . A st da r curvata H B K Sp

2 7 1 1 7 d s e r . 3 . l S . S . : 9 . 8 a id cu v C zaela ia recurvata R . yst Veg (B se on A ri t a r r ata ' - 2 8L . l\l é m . d . t . Pé tersb . . 7 : 1 1 3 . 1 843 . . A r istida R iedelian a Trin . Rupr Aca S VI (Type from Brazil )

0— m n l 6 1 00 . a t Plants peren ial ; cu ms cespitose , erect , glabrous , cm tal l ; sheaths nu erous o n of o the base of the plan t , verlapp i g , glabrous , those the cul m el ngate ; blades flat with a — 0 2 m m . 1 5 3 . long slender involute point , cm long , as much as wide , gl abrous beneath , faintl y

a fiexuous sc ber ulous on the upper surface , the margin s smooth , thickened , the old blades often — 1 0 3 0 . e around the base of the plan t ; p anicle narrow , rather loose , cm long , the branch s ascend o ing or appressed , branched fr m base , scabrous , rather densel y flowered , the lower as much as

1 3 . t e 0 cm . long , the lower internodes as much as cm long , the upper shor , the branch s , al l ex

i c m cep t the lowermost , overlapping , the main a x s s abrous ; glu es about equal , the first slightly — — 1 l awn . longer , narrow , nerved , graduall y narrowed to an point , about cm long including the

m 4 u iibes awn on . , the first scabrous the keel ; lem a about mm long including the short obt se p — o 2 3 . 1 . cen t callus , glabr us , the column mm long , slightl y twisted ; awns equal , about cm long , divergent , the base curved in a warped twist .

TYPE LOCA LITY : Venezuela .

: i i a n d i i H d s B ra z rl . DISTRIB UTION Pra r es rocky slopes , B r t sh on ura : Panama to

ri n s ha m . B ot. az . 3 : 1 . 1 7 8 . 7 2 . A stida gyra C p G 8 8 — s 40 7 0 . Plant perennial ; cul ms cespitose , erect , slender , glabrous , cm tall ; sheaths gla

- u brous ; blades involute , scabrous or scabrous pubescent on the upper s rface , often beset with — n 1 0 1 1 . sca tteri g long hairs toward the bas e , glabrous beneath , m o stly 5 cm . l ong , about mm — l i 1 5 3 0 . o w ide ; p an cle slender , rather lax , cm long , the branches appressed , not at all or n y

l i 1— 3 6 awn - o n slight y overlapping , bear ng spikelets or rarel y as man y as ; glumes unequal , p i ted , — 7 8 m m . on one o the first long , having a rather faint nerve side , usuall y nearl y glabr us on the — 1 0 1 1 . m 6 . keel , the second mm long , gl abrous on the keel ; lem a about mm long , terete , the a m m — body glabrous , usuall y mot tled , the c llus . long , sharp , strongl y short pilose , the beak

in - c ul . s about mm l ong , at maturity l ighter col or than the body , appressed s aber ous ; awn

“

o 1 . . ab ut equal , divergent , cm long , al l about equall y contorted at base in a loose spiral O Ke y a xim d A : C bas ri . TYPE LOC LITY Roberts in Bay , southern Flo a D d n : r a d id . DISTRIB UTION y san y soil , Georgia Flor a I a n 9 A H . 9 : . IV . 7 I LLUSTR TION itchc f . A RT 5 1 935 4 P , ] POACEAE 05

Bri no 7 3 . ri tto rum h . C U . e . 22 : 5 4 . A stida Hitc c o ntr . . S Nat . H rb 8 1 24 9 .

0 6 . Plants perennial ; culms rather stout , erect , glabrous , about cm tall ; sheaths glabrous

n . l igule a cil iate membra e , about mm long ; blades firm , involute , scabrous on the upper f surface , glabrous beneath , sti fly erect , the basal as much as 20 cm . long and mm . in diameter

o 30 . the n when rolled ; pan icle narr w , interrupted , cm long , bra ches appressed , the lower as — 5 . 7 1 0 m m . much as cm long ; gl umes unequal , acuminate , the first long , scabrous on back and ’ — e l 1 0 1 2 . 7 . 1 k e , the second mm long , glabrous ; lemma about mm long , the sharp callus mm .

o 1 . long , pubescent , the b dy glabrous , the beak about mm long , scabrous ; awns about equal , — 2 . . cm long , al l contorted in a loose spiral at base

P A : L o s d B itton B itton 53” W lso n TY E LOC LI TY In ios , Isle of Pines , Cuba ( r , r i I d t DISTR B UTION : White san ; known only from the type collec ion .

l l 7 4 . ca cico a h o s n o v . Ari stida Hitc c ck Ekman , p .

n a 2 - Pere ni l , culm densel y cespitose , erect , slender , wiry , glabrous , about noded , sometimes — 3 0 5 0 . branching , cm tall ; sheaths glabrous , pilose at the throat ; ligu le a ciliate membrane

- on about mm . long ; blades flat or mostl y involute , glabrous beneath , scabrous pubescen t — 1 5 1 0 . h the upper surface , usually cm long , t ose of the culms often shorter , mostly less than — — fiat 7 1 5 . l mm . wide when ; panicles narrow , cm long , the few branches appressed , bearing few — i t 1 . 1 2 . sp kelets ; glumes somewhat unequal , acuminate , abou cm long , the first mm shorter f — 0 o o 8 1 . than the second , glabr us except the keel the first ; lemma mm long , slender , scabrous — on 1 . the upper part , the callus rather slender , densely short pilose , about mm long ; awns about — 3 . . equal , about equall y divergen t , cm long , somewhat contorted at base

— — i 30 50 . in vo lutae subtus labrae 5 10 Perennis ; culmi cespitosi , glabr , tenues , cm alti ; laminae , g , — . lo n ae ani cu la u 7 1 5 . a re ssis lum ae subae u ales acu m in a tae cm g ; p ang sta , cm longa , ramis pp ; g q , , circa — — 1 . lo n ae m n d 1 2 . bre vior m 8 1 0 . cm g , pri a quam secu a mm ; lem a mm longum , supra scabrum ;

i a e uales ae u alite r d . ar stae q , q ivergentes , basi contortae

7 e d a 2 5 192 E . L . E km a n Typ collecte on limestone terraces , near Guant namo , Cuba , November ,

1 57 74 . S . . H . n o . ( U Nat erb , : d d d DISTRIBUTION The only other specimen seen was collecte on expose hillsi e savannas , Monte

r i S E km an 1 3 1 58 . C ist , anto Domingo ,

h 4 . 1 924 . o e . o . . . . e . 22 : 5 8 7 5 . Aristida R s i Hitc c C ntr U S Nat H rb

n Plants peren ial ; cul ms cespitose , slender , wiry , glabrous , erect , or somewhat spreading at — 3 0 5 0 . o bas e , cm tal l ; sheaths glabrous , much shorter than the intern des, villous at the throat ;

or l igule a very short ciliate membrane , less than mm . long ; blades involute , ascending spread

5 . o o ing , scabrous on the upper surface , glabrous beneath , mostl y less than cm l ng , s metimes — 1 0 . 5 1 5 . as much as cm long ; panicle narrow , rather lax , cm long , the branches and pedicels o r flexuo us -flo we red del ica te , somewhat lax , ascending or appressed , few , the lower distant ;

- n l r 5 . glumes u equal , ne ved , glabrous , even the keels scarcel y scaberulous , the first about mm — m u 1 2 . an d long , acuminate , the second mm longer than the first , acuminate more or less — cro na te 6 . ; lemma about mm long , terete , glabrous , the callus rather sparingly short pilose ,

mm . long , rather blun t , the beak about mm . long , smooth ; awns about equal , divergen t ,

u 1 . o abo t cm l ng , the base of each contorted in a loose spiral , scarcel y roughened , and only

minutel y scabrous above .

A : S Rose tch R ussell TYPE LOC LI TY Azua , anto Domingo ( , Fi

: H . DISTRIBUTION Dry soil , ispaniola

866 . f i . . 228 . 1 C . P C e Gr seb. 7 6 . Aristida r racta at l ub

e Plan ts per nn ial ; culms usuall y densel y cespitose with numerous innovations , erect , slender , — u 20 60 . he eo n glabro s , cm tall ; sheaths glabrous , vil lous at t throat , the leaves usually in a

- s icuous filifo rm 1 0 . p basal tuft ; bl ades involute , glabrous beneath , mostly less than cm long ,

- — he s 5 1 5 . 5 1 5 . t the basal tuft cm long ; panicle narrow , rather lax , cm long , branche ascending ,

' - stifl flo we red 3 . at maturity rather , few , sometimes as much as cm long ; glumes unequal or 406 N ORT H A M ER IC A N FL O R A [VOLUM E 1 7

l - nearly equal , nerved , usuall y mucronate from a notched apex , the first scabrous on the keel , 4— 1— 2 5 . . mm long , the second glabrous on the keel , usually mm longer than the first ; lemma

- scaberu abo ut mm . long , the callus mm . long , short pilose , the summit scarcel y beaked ,

n 1 . o o r . lous ; aw s about equal and about cm long , the base of each m re less contorted

TYPE LOC A LITY : Western Cuba ( Wright d d : a n H a n d . DISTRI BUTION Dry slopes pine woo s , Cuba , Jamaica , ispaniola , Porto Rico

I. 7 8 . 1 IP . . P 7 96 . ST A L Sp 5 3 .

'

2 . Pr o d . l l . 6 . b. 1 98 . J am i/ . . . . r . 1 d . 1 7 94 F 1 . . 7 a R P (Fl Per p , no species mentione ) Per p , f

J . I clzu . 8: . (Type species , R P )

A clm alherum B e auv . A ro s t . 1 9 . l . 6 . 7 . 1 8 1 2 . st s C ala m a rosl is L . Sl i a g p , f (Type species , A gro i g [ p

C ala m agrosti s (L . )

P odo o o n . N e o . 4 . 1 825 . S li a aven a cea L . p g Raf g (Type species , p )

L asia roslis L H . . 1 : 99 . 1 82 7 . A st s C a a m a os s L . Sl i a g ink , ort Berol (Type Species , gro i l gr ti [ p

C a l a m agrostis (L . ) 5 8 29 ’ M ac o chloa R ev . C ram . 1 : . 1 8 . S a len a czssim a L . r Kunth , (Type species , tip ) 1 l . . l : 690. 834 . A r sl ella bro m des B to l li a A r islella A r islel a Be rto l . i o i e r . S Fl I tal (Type species , [ p

1 833 . Not A rislella Kii tz . 4 5 d F 1 . . 4 : 47 . 1 8 3 . t a m o n holica . Plila rostis riseb . . S g G in L e eb Ross (Type species , ip g Turcz )

a o Cespitose p erennial gr sses , with usuall y convolute blades and narr w or sometimes open 1 -flowered o panicles . Sp ikelets , disarticul ating ab ve the glumes , the articulation oblique ,

- flo r t leaving a barbed sharp pointed callus attached to the base of the e glumes membranaceous ,

r o o ften papery o hyal ine , acute , acuminate , or even aristate , usuall y long and narr w , equal or

to or slightly unequal ; lemma narrow , terete , oblong l inear fusiform , indurate at maturity , o strongl y convolute , terminating i n a persistent or more or less decidu us , usuall y twisted and of o twice geniculate awn , a d istinct line demarcati n between awn and body of lemma ; palea inclosed in the lemma .

5 . ennala L . Type species , p

fl x 7 — 1 2 e uo us . . 1 . S . n eo m e ica na Terminal segment of awn conspicuousl y plumose , , cm long x .

Term inal segm ent of awn not plumose . - d First segment of the once geniculate awn strongl y plumose , the ascen ing — 2 . ec a 8 . . s i s . hairs 5 mm long S . p o ’ First segment o f awn sometimes plumose but the hairs not more than 2 mm . Io n

M a tuge 3 . 5 . lemma more than mm long , mostl y more than mm - — d s d 3 4 . L emma ensely appre se villous with white hairs mm long , - 3 co o nat . S . a . rising above the summi t in a pappus like corona . r

1 . L emma often villous but the hairs not more than mm long , or

2 . sometimes those at the summit as much as mm long . S m d ummit of mature le ma smooth , cylin ric , whitish , forming a

1 . . Se e 7 . . u h a ciliate crown mm long . ( also S p lc r ) — 4 . l n ea o 3 . . i lia . L emma mm long S . rif — l . Lemma 5 mm . cm . long —6 2 3—5 Lemma 5 mm . long ; callus about mm . long ; awn

5 . m o n S uc ata . cm . long . . r — 4 . 1 t h 1 . 0 l o r 6 . 6 . S . em ic a . Lemma cm long ; callus mm long ; awn cm long .

Summit of matu re lem ma not forming a crown . m 2 - d d L em a lobe at summit , the lobes exten ing into awns 2 — l d . a 7 . . S illm n ii . 3 mm . long on each si e of the central awn ( Californi ) S a m m l Le ma not lobed at sum it or only s ightly so . s d d Awn plumose below , the hairs a cen ing or sprea ing ,

1 7 . S . sometimes plumose throu ghout . ( Compare — pulchra with more or less appressed hispid but not

d 3 2 . a n S . m ex ca n a plumose awn , i with awn slightly

plumose just above the lemma . ) - Awn plumose throughout , once geniculate ; lemmas

do . . P o te . with two short broad lobes . ( Colora ) 8 S r ri d d Awn plumose only below the secon ben .

L . emma glabrous above the callus , brown , terete

. 9 leia nlha . ( Mexico ) . S .

L emma pubescent all over . (Western States . )

Sheaths pubescent . d Awns istinctly twice geniculate . — t . Lemmas 6 7 m m . long ; glumes hin — a 8 9 fi rm . L emm s mm . long ; glumes Awns once or obscurely twice geniculate .

Sheaths glabrous . - 3 6 . L igu le mm long .

L igule very short .

H airs short all over the lemma . A RT 5 1 93 5 P , ] POA CEA E 407

H a irs on upper part of the lemma much

on er than those be ow . S . ca li o r fi l g l f m ca . - Awn scabrous or nearly glabrous , rarely appre ssed hispid ,

but not plumose . L 7 — emma more than mm . (often 1 2 . cm ) long , gla brous or sparse y pubescent above the ca us l ll , d ri mostly cylin c (somewhat fusiform in S . u h p l c ra ) .

~ Mature lemma pale , sparsely pubescent to sum 1 . m t , most y more than cm on . 1 6 . i l l g S . co m a ta . d Mature lemma ark . 8—1 0 Lemma mm . long Glumes 3 -nerved ; summit of lemma his id ulo us - i p ciliate , the ha rs erect , nearly

1 mm . on : emma somewhat fus form l g l i ,

pubescent n nes above the ca us . 1 7 . . u i li ll S p lchra . 5—9— d Glumes nerve . Le mma glabrous above the base , mi n ute ly roughened at apex ; callus sharp and d - d slen er tippe . L emma sparsel y pubescent to apex ;

callus rather blunt . L 1 2—25 d emma mm . long , cylin ric .

Mature lemma glabrous above the callus . d ’ ( F or a ) 20. S . avenacz l i oides . Mature lemma more or less pubescent above

the callus . d Panicle narrow , the branches appresse , i - stra ght , scabrous pubescent below

the spikelet . fle xu ous Panicle open , the branches ,

glabrous below the spikelet . ( Mexico . ) — L 7 . 7 8 emma less than mm long , or if as long as mm . d then istinctly pubescent on the upper part . Culms several -noded (nodes more than

L igule less than 1 mm . long ; neck of lemma

short , obscure . 23 . S . m ultino dis . — L u 3 5 . d ig le mm long ; neck of lemma istinct ,

1 . . 4 2 S . co n str i l mm long . c a . — - Culms l 3 noded . d ~ Panicle more or less open , the branches sprea d d ing or ascen ing , nake at base . d f d Panicle i fuse , the branches ivergent ,

drooping ; lemma about 5 mm . long ; awn

2 . . 25 R h S . . . ic ardson about cm long ( Northwestern tates ) S i . but d Panicle somewhat open not iffuse . a nd (Southwestern States Mexico . ) — 3 4 . 5 L igu le mm long ; awn about cm . 2 fle xuo us . 6 . S . em inens long , the terminal segment

L igu le 1 mm . long or less . H airs at summit of lemma about 1 ~ l l . 5 . . mm . long ; awn cm long H airs at sum mit of lemma very short ;

awn cm . long .

d . Panicle narrow , the branches appresse H airs on lemma copious , at least at summit ,

2 mm . long . Le mmas evenly villous all over ; summit

29 S . loba . with lobes mm . long . . la Le mmas conspicuousl y villous above , less so below ; summi t not lobed or obscurely so .

8 . Lemma about mm long , villous at

summit , pubescent below .

m 5 . Le ma about mm long , villous all over but more so above .

H 1 . airs not copious , not more than mm

long at summit . Summit of lemma forming a slightly e n larg ed firm smooth ring or narrow.

32 . S . m e ca na . crown . x i Summit without crown ; lemma villous

throughout . Mature lemma villous with brown

hairs . Le mma 4 mm . long ; culms rarel y

3 n us o . 3 . S . 3 . more than 0 cm . tall a g tif lia — Le mma 5 6 mm . long ; culms

34 . S . escens . mostl y more than 7 5 cm . tall . vir 408 N ORTH A M ERIC A N FLOR A [VOLUM E 1 7

Mature lemma villous with white u m hairs , sually fusifor ; panicles - usually many flo wered . d u Glumes broa , abr ptly acu

minate , rather firm , the first - 3 5 . S . L em m on i . S nerved . ( Pacific coast . ) d Glumes narrow , gra ually acu

minate , usually hyaline , the - first u sually 3 nerved . L i gule very short . Awn mostly less than

5 . cm long , if as

4 . much as cm long , then twice—geniculate an d the terminal seg m e n t s t r a i g h t o r

nearly so . (Western

States . ) S the heaths , at least

l owerm ost , pube s

3 W m s . 6 . S . a cent . i lli ii Sheaths glabrous . Sheaths villous at t h e t h r o a t ; ca l l us br oa d a n d s h o r t lower nodes of p a n i c l e v i l

lous . Glumes th in an d papery ; plants d rather slen er , m o s t l y l e s s than 1 meter t a l l ; pan i cl e rather slender ' i idula . . I r a n d open . 37 S

Glumes firm , the nerves in c o n s p i c u o u s

plants robust , mostly more than 1 meter t a l l ; p an i c l e 1 a r g e r a n d m o r e c o m

pact . (South w e s t e r n

38 . S . robusla . States . ) Sheath s not v-illo us at the throat or only slight ly so ; callus comparatively narr ow ; nodes of panicle gla brous or near

ly so . A w n m 0 s t l y more than 2

cm . long ; hairs at summit of lemma about as long as the

39 . S . c lum bi n others . o a a . Awn mostly less

than 2 cm . long ; hairs at s u m m i t o f lemma longer than those on d 1 the bo y , “ ' L é llerm . . 40. am . mm long S . 4— 6 . o h Awn cm long , sc ure l y geniculate . the untwisted terminal seg fl e x u o u m en t s . (A ri

4 1 . . S . a da zona , Utah ) . ri

41 0 NORT H A M ERIC A N FL ORA [VOLUM E 1 7

B . 2 h . . . C f o o VVats ot. 2 : 8 7 . 1 880. 3 . Stipa c r nata T urb ; S ali

1—2 6 3 Culms stout , erect , glabrous , usually meters tall , as much as mm . thick at base , or

- 4 ii o ded ; sheaths glabrous , pubescent at the throat and along the margins above ; l igule a very

1 . short membrane less than mm long , ciliate w it h hairs of variable length , sometimes as long

ti be as the l igule ; bl ades flat , more or less involute toward the long slender p , firm , glabrous 30—60 neath , scaberulous on the upper surface , scabrous on the margin , cm . long , as much as

1 . cm wide ; panicle pale or purplish , narrow , densel y flowered , somewhat nodding , the branches

1 5 . appressed , several from each node , the longer ones naked below , as much as cm long , bear

ing several branchlets , the axis and branches glabrous , the branchlets and pedicels usuall y — 1 5 20 m m . scabrous ; glumes unequal , t he first longer , long , nar rowed to a fine poin t , both — 5 9 . nerved , glabrous or minutel y scaberulous ; lemma about mm long , pale , densel y appressed —4 — 3 . . 5 villous with white hairs m m long , the callus mm long , densel y barbed ; awn cm . i to 1 . long , scabrous , twice gen icul ate , tw sted the second bend , the first segment about cm long ,

l . the second a l ittle shorter , hispidu ous , the third straigh t , scabrous

A : H Sa n TYPE LOC LITY ills near Julian City Diego Count y , California d : a n . DISTRIBUTION Gravelly plains rocky slopes , southern California 1 l h A . . . S . . . . 1 3 : l . 8 . 1 2 3 5 3 . a is . . S . . I LLUSTR TIONS Bull U Dep Agr Bot p , p ( P r i i) ; Bull U Dep Agr . 1 434 439 Ag ro st . 7 : f . ,

2 4 2 2 1 934 t d . H . . . i . : 9 . . S a Sti pa coronata var e pauperata ( M E . Jones) itchc Jour Wash Acad . p

: 33 1 8 2 . a n St a a is h a sh . . 7 . 8 S d i . P ri ii Vasey , Bot Gaz ( Type from Bernar ino Mounta ns ) ip P r i i

de a u er al a . . . s . . 1 4 : 1 1 . 1 9 1 2 . S i co ona P aris/I ii H . var . p p M E Jones , Contr We t Bot t pa r ta itchc

7 1 2 . r / H 24 : 22 . 9 5 d S . P a is Iii . . S . . . Contr . U Nat erb ( Base on Vasey ) The normal form of the — — — d 30 50 Cm . flo were d 10 1 5 . d variety iffers in being only tall , with a rather few panicle cm long , bla es — — a n 6 7 . a n d 1 0 20 . d . cm long , often smaller spikelets , the lemma being mm long , the awn about cm d a n d - h m 1 . t e d long , once geniculate , the first seg ent twiste scabrous pubescent , about cm long , secon

u . A : . D I S TR I B U segment bent about horizontally , straight , scabro s TYPE LOC LITY Detroit , Utah

: an d L . TION Dry rocky slopes Utah to Arizona , southern California ower California

n e r f o o . M ex . . . 7 3 . 1 . 4 . Stipa li a i lia F urn Pl Gram 886 — 50 80 . C ul ms densely cespitose , erect , glabrous , cm tall ; sheaths glabrous , sparsel y pilose

u o . o n the margin near the summit ; l ig le a very narr w membrane , mm long ; blades flat ,

- 1 — 2 0— o i o . 1 20 bec m ng lo sel y involute , ascending , scabrous , long acuminate , mm wide , cm . — o 1 5 20 . long ; panicles somewhat n dding , open , cm long , the branches capillary , ascending or o l spreading , the l wer distan t , most y in twos , naked below , the axis glabrous , the branch es sea — 1 . o 4 5 . brous , the lateral pedicels about mm l ng ; glumes glabrous , thin , acuminate , mm long ,

3 — r o - — t 3 . ra her strongl y nerved , often pu pl ish ; lemma blong , appressed pilose , mm long , the

i - l . n ca lus acute , mm long , the summit w th a whitish ring like minutely cil iate crow ; awn readily

. o or t o deciduous , about cm l ng , more less twice geniculate , pubescen near base , glabr us ab ove .

’ A : x S cha n er TYPE LOC LITY Tacubaya , Me ico ( fi

: . DISTRIB UTION Rocky hills , southern Mexico

o . . . N v . en . 5 . o G . 1 : 1 2 . 1 Stipa mucr nata H B K Sp 5 8 1 5 .

H ae n k . l : 226 . 1 2 7 Sti seti era . 8 . . pa g Presl , Rel (Type source not known ) - e is d . eo . 1 9 S t a t ch a L . : S . 1 5 1 . 1 84 1 ip ro l r Nees Meyen ; Nees , Nova Acta Aca p Carol uppl (Type from Peru .)

d n . 1 24 . 1 5 n S . 8 4 . . Stipa am ethysti a Steu . y Gram (Type from Chile ) 1 S en s s L 864 . . tipa prat i Philippi , innaea (Type from Chile )

ti h l en is u . . . . 7 4 . 1 886 . S pa c apu c s Fo rn Mex Pl Gram (Type from Chapulco . )

l l o o o Cu ms erect or genicu ate at the lower nodes , s mewhat bulb us at base , glabr us , the — 60 1 00 . o o nodes pubescent , cm tall ; sheaths glabr us , pil se at the throat and on the margin ;

1 m m . o ligule less than long ; blades flat , becoming involute , th se of the in novations involute ,

- — — t o on 1 0 20 . 1 3 i ra her sparsely sh rt pilose both surfaces , cm long , mm . w de ; panicle narrow , — t t 1 0 3 0 . o r s nodding , mos l y p urple , ra her dense , cm long , the branches ascending appre sed , — l 1 2 a 1 3 . most y or at the distant nodes , n ked for cm at base , branching and bearing several O r man y appressed spikelets above ; o ften a secondary panicle at the uppermost shea th ; glumes ART 5 1 93 5 P , ] POACE AE 4 1 1

8—1 0 mm about equal , rather broad , usuall y purple except the hyal ine tip , acuminate , . long , the

- 5 — — 3 r 5 6 . 1 first ne ved , scabrous on the keel , the second nerved ; lemma mm long , turgid , about

2 . . mm wide , the callus about mm long , densel y barbed with tawny hairs , the body oblong , - l — dark brown , vi lous on the lower half , glabrate and strongl y but minutel y papillate roughened l on the upper ha f , abruptly contracted at summit into a smooth cylindric whitish neck or crown f o mm . ab ut long , the crown ciliate w ith erect sti f hairs about as long as the neck ; awn slender ,

- i - 5 . i i cm long , tw ce geniculate , the bends sometimes obscure , twisted and appressed h sp du

l r 1 . l ous to the secon d bend , the fi st segment about cm long , the second a litt e shorter , the third straight or nearl y so .

TYPE LOC A LITY : Mexico . i a nd : . DISTRIBUTION Dry h lls mesas , Mexico to Argentina

- 2 : h . . l ucotric a R . M em . t. P r V I e S é te sb . . 6 . Stipa Trin upr Acad 7

5 4 . 1 843 .

3 42 1 49 . li a c S L 22 : . 8 s . S p i liata cheele , innaea (Type from New Braunfels . Texa )

l e Cu ms in rat her smal l tufts , glabrous , the nodes pub scent , erect or somewhat geniculate — 30 60 . t 1 at bas e , rather slender , cm tall , some imes as much as meter tall ; sheaths glabrous or

1 . the lower hispidulous , more or less villous at the throat ; l igule less than mm long ; blades o o o flat , ften becoming inv lute , hispidulous beneath , scabrous and s metimes hispidulous on the — — 1 5 30 . 2 4 . upper surface , cm long , mm w ide ; panicle narrow , often inclosed at base in the upper 1 0 most somewhat inflated sheath , mostl y not more than cm . long , the branches slender , 1 2 u o r distant , scabrous , mostly in pairs , ascending , bearing or spikelets ; gl mes pale purple , to - i o 1 2— 1 8 rather narrow , nearl y equal , tapering a slender soft awn l ke p int , mostly mm . long ,

- r o 5 - the first 3 ne ved , the sec nd nerved , with additional intermediate nerves sometimes present ;

- m 1 . lem a about cm long , the slender cal lus very sharp , densely barbed with pale yellow hairs ,

- 4 . n about mm long , the body oblo g , brown or brownish , appressed p ubescent on the lower part , ‘ - o densel y papill ate roughened at least toward the summit , abruptly nar rowed int a cylindric

' o stifl smooth neck about 1 mm . long , the crown a little wider , ciliate with sh rt erect hairs ; awn — o l fi 2 . 6 1 0 cm . long , rather st ut , twice genicu ate , the rst segment hispidulous , twisted , cm — 2 . . l ong , the secon d cm long , the third straight , slender

T Y PE LOC A LI TY : Texas .

I : Dr a d and . DISTR B UTION y open gr sslan , Oklahoma Texas to central Mexico

889 . I LLUSTRA TION : H itchc . Man . j.

f 4 : 1 9 . 1 2 i il o e P o . C . . 6 8 7 . 7 . St pa St lm ann B land r , r c ali Acad

- — 4 5 7 0 1 00 . a S Culms rather stout at base , erect , glabrous , or noded , cm t ll ; heaths glabrous , puberulent on the collar ; ligule a ver y short ciliate ridge ; blades firm , flat , glabrous beneath , — — i u 1 5 3 0 . 3 6 . n scabrous on the upper s rface , cm long , mm wide , the uppermost short and

- — k 1 0 20 . the volute pan icle pale , narrow , compact , spi e like , interrupted below , cm long , branches s e short an d appre sed , villous at base , the axis an d branch s scaberulous or scabrous ; glumes — — 2 3 . 1 5 1 8 . o o equal , mm long , rather th in , narr wed int a scabrous awn mm long , scaberulous ,

- — o o 3 to 5 8 . the first 1 nerved , the sec nd bscurel y nerved ; lemma pale , about mm long , the

1 e n callus rather blunt , mm long , d nsel y barbed with taw y hairs , the body graduall y narrowed

- - - — 2 2 3 . from above the base , appressed vil lous al l over , lobed , the lobes awn tipped , m m long ; — So sca 3 . awn cm long , mewhat bent at the middle and with another obscure bend below , brous , twisted below the bend .

A : S d . T YPE LOC LITY Blue Canyon , ierra Neva a , California

: S d . DISTRIB UTION Loose rocky soil , northern ierra Neva a , rare

l 1 5 . S . . . . . I LLUSTR A TION : Bull . U . Dep Agr Bot p

i R o e C 32 : 5 99 . 1 905 . 8 . St pa Po rteri ydb . Bull . T rr y lub — 20 3 5 . ; Culms erect , glabrous , mostl y cm tall , exposing one node above the basal leaves — he 0 1) 2 3 . t shea ths glabrous ; ligule rather firm , mm long , that of basal leaves a l ittle shorter , on 2- e the c uliii ; l g , so mewhat lob d , glabrous or minutely puberulent , the up permost clasping 41 2 NORTH A M ERI CA N FLOR A [VOLUM E 1 7

1 — . 2 1 2 o . blades inv lute , sulcate , scaberulous , slender , less than mm wide when rolled , cm long , — — 4 5 8 . 2 . the uppermost cm long ; panicle open , mostl y cm long , the branches mostl y in pairs , — fl exuous 1 3 . o slender , , cm long , unbranched or branched about the middle , s metimes again

2 . branched , the lowermost pair cm distan t , the others a little closer , the main axis and the

e branches glabrous , the pedicel s sparsely pilose below the spikelets ; glum s equal , elliptic ,

- o 5 . or br ad and thin , obtuse , somewhat notched , about mm long , more less purple tinged , o ti -f or glabr us below , scaberulous at the p an d finel y cil iate ringed pubescent at the apex , faintly

- 5 nerved ; lemma about 5 mm . long including the rather blunt , densel y pilose callus about o on i mm . long , softly pil se with app ressed hairs the lower half , scaberulous onl y above , fa ntl y v ner ed , lobed at summit , the tips of the lobes and of the palea finel y pubescent l ike the glumes , — 1 2 1 5 . one o the palea about as long as the lemma ; awn mm long , with a single bend third fr m 1—2 o w . the base , the first segmen t weakl y twisted , plum se ith hairs mm long , the secon d seg — 8 1 0 . . ment not twisted , mm long , pubescent w ith appressed hairs

d t n h l n . 1 45 A a m . S . . . TYPE LOC LITY : Colora o (S ip o g o ica Turcz Porter 8: Coult . y Fl Colo 1 874) (H a ll 63” H arbo ur

: H d . DISTRI BUTION igh mountains of Colora o , rare A 9 1 . ro s t . 7 : . . I LLUSTRA TION : Bull . U . S . Dep . Agr g f

2 2 1 92 l i h . o . . . . e . 4 : 3 6 . 5 . 9 . Stipa e an th a Hitc c C ntr U S N at H rb

o 60 . Culms erect , rather slender , glabr us , about cm tall ; sheaths glabrous ; ligule rather — fi — 1 2 lifo r m 1 0 1 5 . o o firm , mm . long ; blades involute , , scabrous , cm long on the inn vati ns ,

- — flowered 1 5 20 . shorter on the culm ; pan icle narrow , few , cm lon g , the branches few , distant , o r appressed , the lower in pairs threes , the shorter with one or two spikelets , the longer naked o 3 at base , with ab u t spikelets , the axis and branches smooth , the pedicels sometimes sparsel y — t o r scabrous ; glumes about equal , 7 8 mm . long , ra her firm , glabrous , broad , abruptl y acute

- — - o 3 5 o 6 . short acumin ate , purple below , tawn y above , bscurel y nerved ; lemma ab ut mm long ,

1 n 2 . the callus mm . long , sharp , densel y barbed with brow hairs as much as mm long , the body

- o oblong , terete , glabrous , l ight br wn (ligh ter than the callus) , very minutel y granulose or — 2 . scaberul ous near the sligh tl y co ntracted summit ; awn cm long , twice geniculate , densel y

- 7 . . short pilose to the second bend , the firs t segmen t about mm long

“ P E A : H itchc ck LOC LI TY Esperanza , Mexico ( o

: . DISTRIB UTION Rocky hills , Mexico ; known only from the type specimen

Elm r o e . . . . D e . . A ro s i P U . 1 0. Stipa e ip er B r di ; Scribn B ull S p Agr g t

1 1 : 46 . 1 89 8

bes en Sti a vi dul . ubescens . . S . . H . 3 : 50. 1 892 . S . u c s . . p ri a var p Vasey , Contr U Nat erb Not p R Br

1 8 1 0.

— - 50 1 00 . 2 3 Culms erect , puberulent , cm tall , or noded ; sheaths pubescent ; ligule a mem — 1 . o 1 5 30 . brane less than mm long ; blades of the cul m mostl y flat , bec ming involute , cm long , —4 2 . o o mm wide , pubescent on b th surfaces , the uppermost shorter , those of the inn vations — o 1 0 20 . slender , inv lute ; pan icle narrow , dense or somewhat interrupted , cm long , the branches 1 short and appressed , the pedicel s sometimes pubescent ; gl umes nearly equal , about 2 mm .

o 3 - l ng , pale , thin , tapering to a fine soft poi nt , minutel y scaberulous , nerved ; lemma about — 6 - - 7 . o o n t mm l ng , dark br w , rather sparsely appressed pubescent , widest abou the middle , the — 1 . callus a l ittle more than mm long , densel y bearded with yellowish hairs ; aw n 5 cm . long ,

1 . o 1 twice gen iculate , the first segment cm l ng , twisted , plumose with ascending hairs about mm . o i l ng , the second l ike the first , sl ightl y shorter , less plumose toward the t p , the third straight , scabrous .

A v dula ubes en B lm r S . . c s S . e i d : R TYPE LOC LITY (of iri var p , on which is base ) Columbia iver , Washington . : d an d d d an d d DISTRIB UTION Dry hills , san y plains , open woo s , I aho Washington to Neva a and California .

A : . . 908 . I LLUSTR TION H itchc . Man f A RT 5 1 93 5 P , ] POACEAE 41 3

l l i w ll i um s a en o . h . 1 1 . at S 23 : 1 9 . 1 Stipa g , J ur Was Acad . 8 933 .

5 0—1 1 0 u . t C lms slender , erect , strigose below , cm all ; sheaths , at least the lower , pubescent ; 1 - 4 blades flat or loosel y involute , pilose on the upper surface , glabrous beneath ; ligule mm . 1 5- i l 30 . long ; pan c e narrow , loosely flowered , cm long , the branches distan t , slender , the lower

- 1 0 . 3 as much as cm long ; glumes about equal , firm , rather abruptl y acute or acuminate , nerved , — 1 5 . 1 3 . tinged with purple , mm long , mm w ide from keel to margin ; lemma densely pubescent , — 1 . awn l 8 9 . r . mm long , the sha p callus mm long ; twice genicu ate , cm long , the first and

second segments plumose .

Y A : L A b m s T PE LOC LITY Camp ost Arrow , Yosemite Valley , California ( ra

DISTR I BUTION : Sierras of central California at medium altitudes . 1 d 23 : 19 8 . . . ILLUSTRA TION : Jour . Wash . Aca . f

w ll n . h ifol S a e o . . 23 : 4 5 6 . 1 93 3 . 1 2 . Stipa curv ia , J ur Was Acad

u l 35 . C lms dense y cespitose , erect , about cm tall ; leaves clustered toward the base , the

1 8 . lowermost sheaths pubescent , the blades cm long , involute , becoming curved with age ; — o m 1 0 panicle 7 8 cm . long , dense , the branches sh rt , appressed ; gl u es about mm . long ; lemma

- — wn — mm . n a 2 2 25 long , light brow , evenl y white pilose ; once or obscurel y twice geniculate ,

o . mm . long , tw isted and densel y plum se below the bend

A : d i W ll a m s TYP E LOC LITY Gua alupe Mountains , New Mex co ( i i d DISTRIB UTION : L imestone cliff ; known onl y from Gua alupe Mountains ; New Mexico .

M an . . 9 1 6. I LLUSTRA TION : H itchc . f

De . . A o t. 2 1 r ri P e C . U . . 7 Thu be an a r s : 0. 1 3 . Stipa ip r , irc S p Agr g

1 900.

483 1 87 4 . . occ den t i dent li . . . S . x l . . 1 7 : . S s . 1 87 1 St pa occ i a s Thurb in Torr U E p Exp Not i ali Thurb .

o Culms densel y cespit se , slender , erect , scabrous , sometimes hispidulous or puberulous

— - 3 0 60 . 2 0 below the nodes , mostl y cm tal l , about n ded ; sheaths scaberulous or the upper gla 2— 5 brous ; l igule thin and hyaline , mm . long , decurrent ; blades slender , involute , scabrous

- flexu s r o u . beneath , scabe ulous pubescent on the upper surface , , about mm thick when — — — 1 0 25 . 3 5 . o 8 1 5 . rolled , cm long , the uppermost cm long ; p anicle narr w , mostl y cm long , o somewhat n dding , t he axis an d branches scaberulous , the branches ascending , mostl y in — i o on e t 5 8 . pairs , shor , the other mm long , bearing a single sp kelet or the l wermost sometimes — i 1 1 1 3 . with more , the pedicel thickened below the sp kelet ; glumes mm long , nearly equal , the t second a l ittle shor er , thin , often purple , the upper p art hyaline , gradually narrowed to a i so ft point , glabrous or m nutel y scaberulous , or the first minutel y pubescen t along the margins ,

- - 3 r 8 9 . ne ved ; lemma mm long , gradually narrowed from below the middle , pale , appressed

a 1 . pubescent , the sharp c llus about mm long , the pubescence about the same as on the body ; — awn 4 5 cm . long , twice genicul ate , the second bend rather obscure , the first and second seg — 1 2 . e t o 1 . m n s ab ut cm long , twisted , plumose with ascending white hairs mm long , the second

i o . segment less dens el y plumose than the first , the third sl ightl y tw sted , scabr us

TYPE LOC A LITY : Was hington (state) . 0

R : a n d d and i d an d i . DIST IB UTION Mesas rocky slopes , I aho Wash ngton to Neva a central Cal fornia

- l . oc dent is . S . . . . . 1 1 S c I LLUSTR A TION : Bull . U . Dep Agr Bot p (as i al )

’

80. 1 8 7 1 . x l . 3 o e l h . . . Bo t. 1 4 . Stipa ccid nta is T urb ; S Wats King s E p

icla 3 . S . str Sti s ic a . 1 0: 42 . 1 88 . pa tr t Vasey , Bull Torrey Club (Type from Washington ) Not

L a m . 1 7 9 1 .

H . 3 : 5 1 . 1 89 2 . . Sli a slricla . s arsi lora a . . S . . p var p / V sey , Contr U Nat erb (Type from California ) '

89 a d S . slr icta A ro st . 1 7 : 1 30. 1 9 . n i . . , Stipa oregone s zs Sc r bn Bull . U . S . Dep . Agr g ( B se on Vasey a not L m . ) 90 1 : 62 . 1 2 . H . . . . H . . S a occ den ta m o n la n a . tip i lis Merr Davy ; M all , Univ Calif Publ Bot (Type

from Yosem ite Trail . )

- — s 2 25 40 . ; Culms cespito e , erect , glabrous , about noded , mostl y cm tall ; sheaths glabrous l igule a membrane about mm . long ; blades erect , flat or usuall y involute , glabrous beneath ,

- — 0 1— 1 0 2 2 . scabrous puberulent on the u pper surface , cm . long , mm wide when flat ; panicle 414 NORT H A M ER IC A N FL OR A [VOLUM E 1 7

— 1— 1 0 20 . 2 . narrow , cm long , the branches appressed , cm long , mostl y in unequal pairs , the 1 2 . ta pedicels glabrous ; glumes about mm long , nearl y equal , pale , hyaline , pering to a fine

- - 3 7 . soft point , faintly nerved ; lemma pale brown , about mm long , rather sparsely appressed

1 . pubescent , widest about the middle , the callus a l ittle over mm long , rather sparsely barbed , — — awn 3 4 . 7 1 0 the sharp point naked ; cm long , twice geniculate , the first and secon d segments

l n f a 1 . O o mm . long , twisted , plumose with scending hairs about mm g , the hairs the secon d — segment a l ittle shorter , the third segment slender , not twisted , appressed pilose below , naked toward summit or scabrous throughout .

A : Bo an der TYPE LOC LITY Yosemite Trail , California ( l : an d d an d d DISTRIBUTION Plains , rocky hills , open woo s , Wyoming to Washington , southwar to

Arizona an d Californ ia .

l 6 . A : . . S . . . A ro s t . 1 7 : . 42 6 43 6 . . S . . . . . 1 I LLUSTR TIONS Bull U Dep Agr g f , ; Bull U Dep Agr Bot p

f . u . 1 i o e . v . U C P 5 . l f . . Stipa ca rnica M rr Da y ; H M Hall , niv ali bl

Bo t. 1 902 .

- — 2 3 7 5 1 25 . Culms erect , gl abrous or sl ightl y roughened or puberulen t below , or noded , cm o o l tall , sometimes taller ; sheaths glabr us or the l wer puberu ent , cil iate on one margin , slightly

1— be villous at the throat ; l igu le rather firm puberulent 2 mm . long decurrent ; blades flat , , , , — n 1 0 20 . coming involute , rather firm , glabrous beneath , scabrous o upper surface , cm long , — 1 4 . mm w ide , those of the in novations slender and in volute ; panicle narrow , rather slender , — 1 5 3 0 . o x 1 . pale , cm l ng , the branches appressed , the a is glabrous ; glumes about cm long , equal ,

- — 3 6 . pale , hyal ine , gradually acuminate , nerved , glabr0 us ; lemma 7 mm long , rather sparsel y

1 . villous with ascending wh ite hairs mm . long , the callus about mm long , barbed ; awn

. o 7 m m . cm l ng , twice gen iculate , the first segment long , twisted , villous with ascending hairs abo ut mm . long , the second slightl y Shorter and a l ittle less villous than the first , the third straight , slender , naked .

A : Sa n H a ll TYPE LOC LITY Jacinto Mountains , California ( d I : an d d . DISTR BUTION Dry open groun , Washington to California Neva a

A H . 9 1 4 ILLUSTR TION : itchc Man . j. .

- M em . . P er b . . 7 5 . 1 . o . R . V I 6 Stipa c mata Trin upr Acad St. é t s

1 843 . ‘

l 5 . Sti a cciden ta s d . . ac kso n I n 2 : . m o id . 1 89 d . . 999 as S c p o i Bolan er ; B D J , Kew , synonym of o “ ” lis d . . d . 4 1 69 . 1 8 2 t m d d S . cciden a : 7 a . (Cites Bolan er , Proc Calif Aca , p r i Bolan er , un er o t

r . m S . c lum bia n Thu b , mentions two for s , those of the larger size bear awns almost smooth [ o a

var . — l o 3 0 6 0 . Culms cesp itose , glabrous or sometimes puberu ent around the n des , cm tall , as 1 rarely as much meter ; sheaths glabrous or scabrous , naked at the throat , the uppermost

— - u 3 4 . 1 2 usually inflated ; l ig le thin , mm long , decurrent , mm . lo ng on the innovations ; bl ades — o r 1 0 3 0 . flat involute , smooth or scaberulous beneath , scaberulous on the upper surface , cm — — in 1 2 . 1 0 20 . long , the uppermost shorter , mm wide ; panicle narrow , cm long , usuall y partl y in n o r n closed the uppermost sheath , the branches slender , scabrous , ascendi g appressed , aked

o 1 0 . below , mostl y two at a n de , bearing one to few spikelets , the lowermost as much as cm — o 2 3 . l ng ; glumes cm . (rarel y ) cm long , about equal , papery , graduall y narrowed to a soft — - - 2 i 5 8 1 m m . o 1 . o n awn l ike point , nerved ; lemma l ng , mostl y about cm , pale or final ly br w sh ,

3 . the callus about mm long , slender , very acute , densely barbed with tawny hairs , the body t o o r sligh l y tapering from just above the callus , vill us with short appressed hairs glabrate o awn o o r t ward the summit , the join t with the distinct , glabr us sl ightly h ispidulous ; awn l - o o r o indistinct y twice genicul ate , scabr us , sometimes rather densel y pilose , somewhat decidu us , — 4 . flexuous o the first segment straigh t , twisted , cm long , the secon d loosel y twisted , , m stl y 1 - 2 — . o or 1 0 1 2 . . cm long , the third capil lary , very sinu us merel y curved , mostl y cm long

m : c ala d d . om ata in n sa NOTE A form of S . o with pubescent foliage has been e scribe as S c to Piper

. . S . H . 1 1 : 1 09 . d a (Contr U Nat . erb Known only from the type locality, Rocklan , W sh i n gto n . A RT 5 1 93 5 P , ] POA CEA E 41 5

M E LOC A LITY : Carlton House Fort .

A : . . S . . A ro t l 7 z s . . 43 5 . I LLUSTR TION Bull U Dep Agr . g f

: i d i d . 7 . S . 2 . 1 8 14 a n d NOTE Th s Species was escr be by Pursh (Fl Am ept ) Nuttall (Gen . P l .

1 8 1 8 d Sti a un cea . a n d H . L . . 2 : 25 7 . 1 0 88 d S . ca ill t ) un er p j by ooker (Fl Bor Am ) un er p a a L .

m d 1 1 1 S co . S . 8: d . . 1 : 7 1 . 8 86 . ti pa ata var interme ia cribn Twee y , Bot Gaz Stipa Tweedyi

A . A o 1 1 47 1 S . . . S . . r r st . : . 898 . s d . co m S a a . i n e m e cribn Bull U Dep g g ( Ba e on t var t r di a Scribn . 8:

T e . d . S . s artea . we d i . . . 1 4 : 1 1 . 1 9 1 2 . d Twee y ) p var y M E Jones . Contr West Bot . (Bas e on ' Difl r in l . e om a S Tweedyi Scribn . ) g from Stipa c a in the shorter straight third segment of the awn ; a n d i d m glumes lemma averag ng a little longer ; panicle usually exserte from the upper ost sheath . WP A : u S . co m at . T E Tweed 61 0 The lig le is long , as in a LOC LI TY Junction Butte , Yellowstone Park ( y ) I : i a n d d r h lVl o n ta na a n d d DISTR BUTION Pla ns y ills , to Washington , southwar to New Mexico a n d

California .

hr h o B 1 . . . . o t. 2 : 3 01 1 1 7 Stipa pulc a Hitc c Am J ur . 9 5 .

o c Culms glabrous , often pubescen t below the nodes , sometimes scabr us below the pani le , — a 60 1 00 . erect or spreading at b se , cm tall ; sheaths glabrous or scaberulous , pubesc ent on the o on 1 margin , a l ittle pilose at the thr at and the collar ; l igu le about mm . long ; blades flat or — 1 2 . 1 0 involute , mm w ide , glabrous beneath , scaberulous or pubescent on the upper surface , — 20 . 20 . 1 0 xu cm long ; panicle open , cm long , the branches distan t , slender , spreading , fle o us ,

- 2 scabrous or appressed hispid , bearing to several Spikelets , often somewhat pilose at the axil ;

- . 3 glumes about cm long , subequal , or the first a l ittle longer , acuminate , nerved , usuall y — 1 0 mm . purplish , roughish on the nerves ; lemma at maturity pale or rather dark , 8 long , the

2 . n callus sharp , about mm long , densel y barbed with taw y hairs , the body minutel y papillate roughened , sparsel y pubescen t , especiall y along the back , sometimes glabrate toward the sum

1 . f mit , constricted int o a short neck scarcel y mm long , the summit bearing a row of stif erect — 1 . 9 . o hairs about mm long ; awn mm l ng , twice geniculate , rather easil y deciduous , the

— - h 1 . first segment 2 cm . long , twisted , appressed hispid , t e second l ike the first , about cm long , the third straight and Slender , scabrous ; anthers tipped with a minute tuft of hairs .

A : S H e e TYPE LOC LITY onoma County , California ( ll r

: an d d L . DISTRIBUTION Dry hills eserts , central California to ower California 1 l . 1 3 ti er . S . . . . 1 3 : S . se a I LLUSTR A TION : Bull . U . Dep Agr Bot p (as g )

eti era . NOTE : I n earlier works this species has been usually referred to S . s g Presl

aven acea . . PI. 7 8 . 1 7 5 3 . 1 8 . Stipa L Sp

1 798 . ba a F 1 . 1 3 . 1 . S . ba ba . a . : 5 803 . Stipa b r t Michx . Bor . Am (Type from Virginia ) Not r ta Desf

a v n a S n . . 1 : 99 . 1 805 . d S . ba ba . . Stip irg i ic Pers . y Pl ( Base on r ta Michx not Desf ) '

1 4 1 . S . ven acea . 8 St di usa d . S d . . . ed . 2 . 2 : 643 a L ipa fl Will ; teu Nom Bot , as synonym of P i Sti a aven acea . b co o . . . 444 . 1 840. S p var i l r Eaton Wright , N Am Bot ( everal localities g ven in

eastern United States . )

1 894 . t a a vena cea . I n d . 2 5 80 S Podo o on avena ceu m . . . . : p g Raf ; B D Jackson , Kew , as synonym of ip — 60 1 00 . Culms few in a tuft , erect to leaning , glabrous , cm tall ; sheaths glabrous ; ligule

- 2 . 3 . o on rather firm , about mm l ng the culm leaves , about mm long on the innovations ; blades 1 flat (about mm . w ide) or involute , very slender , glabrous , sometimes scabrous especially to — — - 1 0 1 5 . ti 20 30 . ward the p , cm long , the uppermost culm blade reduced ; panicle Open , cm l ong , the branches in two s or threes , distan t , slender , scabrous , ascending , finall y drooping , — 2 4 . 1 o r 2 . mostl y cm long , bearing spikelets ; gl umes equal , about cm long , papery , rather 5 - broad , somewhat abrup tl y contracted into an acuminate point , nerved , the first sometimes

— 4 2 . 9 1 0 . obscurel y so ; lemma dark brown , mm long , the sharp acute callus about mm long , — —ro li ened n 2 3 . the u de sel y barbed , the upper hairs mm long , body glabrous , papillate g toward —6 the summit , not narrowed in to a neck , the crown sligh tl y hispidulous ; awn scabrous ,

cm 2 . . long , twice geniculate , the first segment twisted , about cm long , the second sl ightl y

cm . . twisted , 1 l ong , the third straight

TYPE LOC A LITY : Virginia . : d i i a nd d H o n d a a n d DISTRIB UTION Dry or rocky woo s , Massachusetts to M ch gan , southwar to a e stern Texas .

42 3 . A ro s t . A . . S . . I LLUSTR TION : Bull U . Dep Agr g 41 6 NORTH A M ER IC A N FLORA [VOLUM E 1 7

P e e . e o . . 1 9 . V C U e . 3 : 5 4 . Stipa ringl i (B al) Scribn as y , ntr S . Nat . H rb 2 1 89 .

s s n ei . . 1 5 : 1 12 . 1 890. Oryzop i Pri gl Beal , Bot Gaz

i n . . 1 5 : 1 1 2 o in le . 1 890 S ei S . s s . t pa Pri gl cribn ; Beal , Bot Gaz , as synonym of Oryz p i Pr g i Beal 2 230 1 89 n le o si e l . i s er c a . : . 6 . d . i Oryz p Beal , Grasses N Am (Apparently base on O Pr g Beal ,

in e 1 41 0 d d . n le S . 226 Pr g l being cite , the name change because of O Pri g i cribn (page of the same

St v escens H . B . K . . e ecta work) , which is ipa ir Beal erroneously gives the authority of O r as

(Scribn . ) Beal .

o o o t 1 Culms cespitose , erect , glabr us , s metimes puberul us abou t the nodes , mos l y about i 2 . n meter tal l ; sheaths glabrous ; ligule about mm long , decurrent ; blades flat or those of the

— - n t 1 0 3 0 . 1 3 w o ovations involu e , firm , erect , scabrous , cm long , mm . ide ; panicle n dding ,

— - 1 0 1 5 . flowered cm long , the branches ascending , few , naked below , the axis gl abrous , the branchlets an d pedicels sl ightly scabrous ; glumes equal , about 1 cm . long , membranaceous ,

n 9— broad , rather abruptl y arrowed into a short point , glabrous , the first about nerved , the

- — - 7 7 8 . n second about nerved ; lemma mm lo g , oblong elliptic , brown , villous w ith appressed

o 1 . brownish hairs , the surface als minutely papillate , the callus mm long , densely barbed , the

m awn 2 . o 0b abruptly narrowed sum it with a dense ring of short brown hairs ; about cm l ng , scurel y twice geniculate , scabrous , twisted to the second bend .

TYPE LOC A LITY : Chihuahua (Pringle

S : d a n d a a n d . DI TRIB UTION Rocky woo s slopes , western Tex s to Arizona Chihuahua A - 429 : S . . . A rost . 1 7 : . . ILLUSTR TION Bull . U . Dep Agr g f

423 1 95 . 2 . venacioides h . o C 22 : . 8 0 Stipa a N as , B ull T rrey lub

i 2 3 - o 1 Culms in smal l tufts , erect , glabrous or m nutel y scaberulous , or n ded , about meter — e tall ; sheaths gl abrous or minutel y scaberulous ; l igu le 2 3 mm . long , decur rent ; blad s slender , — 30 1 5 . o 1 . o o involute , gl abr us beneath , less than mm thick when r lled , cm l ng , the uppermost — 1 0 20 cm . o reduced ; pan icle open , l ng , the branches mostl y in twos , slender , spreading , few w flo ered t 2 . o o , naked below , the pairs distan ; gl umes equal , about cm long , br ad , ften p urple ,

- — a n 2 . tapering into a point , papery , faintl y sever l nerved , glabrous ; lemma brow , l inear , cm

7 . long including the callus , this about mm long , tapering into a fine point , densel y barbed with brown hairs , the body gl abrous , minutely p apillate at the sl ightly contracted neck , sligh tl y — w 8 1 1 . o hispidulous on the cro n ; awn cm long , scabr us , twice geniculate , the second bend a t — 4 . about the middle , the first segment twisted , about 3 cm long , the second sl igh tl y tw isted , the third straight .

A : a d N ash TYPE LOC LITY C ssia , Flori a (

: d u d . DISTRI BUTION Dry pine woo s , penins lar Flori a

A 424 . A os t. 1 7 : . I LLUSTR TION : Bull . U . S . Dep . Agr . gr f

“ * - 2 1 . s M em . . t. Pé tersb. V I . 1 : 82 . 1 83 0. Stipa partea Trin . Acad S

- 2 bu t P 69 . s arlea . t o 8: . M em . d . t . é te rsb . . 7 : S S s a . . S ipa r Nutt ; Trin Rupr Aca VI , as synonym of p 4 1 8 3 .

u 1 o 2 - C l ms in small tufts , erect , glabrous , about meter tall , m stly noded ; sheaths gl abrous ; 4—5 m m o on o r l igule rather firm , . long , decurrent , sh rter the innovations ; blades flat , more less on involute in drying , glabrous beneath , very scabrous and sometimes pubescent the upper 20— 0 — f 3 . 3 5 . o o surface , cm long , m m wide , tapering to a capillary p in t , those the innovations — 1 5— 20 more slender , often involute , an d sometimes 50 60 cm . long ; p anicle narrow , nodding , cm . long , the branches few , distant , sol itary or clustered , slender , ascending , scabrous , bearing 1 2 1 0 o . o or spikelets , the lowerm st as much as cm l ng , all finall y drooping w ith the weight of w 5 on t he fruit ; glumes nearl y equal , narrow , pale , papery , glabrous , ith str g nerves and addi tio n al — - subc lin 3 4 . o intermediate nerves , cm long , tapering to a fine soft awn like p int ; lemma y

n 7 . dric , brow , cm . long , t he callus about mm long , graduall y tapering to a fine sharp decreas point , densel y barbed with brown hairs , the body sl ightly tapering above the callus , in l fo r of g y pubescent u pward , the upper half minutel y roughened , glabrous except a line

s Tr in ius s a rtea M m d . a la . 8c . e . The original spelling is p r , but corrects this to p (Trin Rupr Aca - 2 St . Pe tersb . . VI 7 : 68 .

4 1 8 NORT H A M ERI C A N F L OR A [VOLUM E 1 7

Ri h ds n i o . e o . 2 : 24 1 25 . c ar o 5 . 83 3 Stipa Link , H rt B r l

’

Ri ch rd m . m a . 4 1 9 1 Sti a so . . : . 1 888 pa var jor Macoun , Cat Can Pl ; hyponym . (Columbia Valley ,

British Columbia . )

s s R ichar dson i . . 1 5 : 1 1 1 . 1 890. d S t a R ichardso n i L bu t Oryzop i Beal , Bot Gaz (Base on i p ink , mis ' applied to O ry zo ps zs can a dens is . )

0— 0 5 1 0 . Culms erect , glabrous , cm tall ; sheaths glabrous , sometimes a lit tle villous at the

1 m m . o throat , the lower sometimes puberulen t ; l igule less than long ; blades involute , scabr us , 1 0—1 5 — 2 . . 1 0 20 mostl y less than mm wide when flat , cm long , sometimes longer ; p an icle open ,

. or cm long , the branches slender , mostl y in pairs , distant , spreading drooping , naked below , — — 8 1 5 . e 9 cm long , scabrous , b aring near t he en d a few spikelets on short branches ; glumes 8

. o r c mm long , about equal the first a l ittle longer , rather firm an d broad , scaberulous , a ute bu t

- - 3 5 . not long acuminate , often purpl ish , nerved but the nerves rather obscure ; lemma about mm

1 . n long , the callus about mm long , densel y barbed with white hairs , the body fusiform , brow , O r m villous , sparingl y villous glabrate toward the minutel y papillate , narrowed sum it ; awn

— - 3 cm . long , twice geniculate but the first bend often obscure , appressed hispidulous and

7 - 9 o twisted to the second bend , the first an d second segments together mm . l ng , the third

o . segment straigh t , scabr us

T YPE LOCA LITY : Western North America . I : d a n d d d S a nd an d DISTR B UTION Bottom lan s woo e slopes , askatchewan British Columbia , south ward through Montana to Colorado an d the Black H ills of South Dakota

. A . 1 4 A S . . rost 7 : . 3 5 . ILLUSTR TION : Bull . U . Dep Agr g f

2 emi C 5 : 42 . 1 6 . Stipa n ens av . I c . 7 99 .

7 . 1 886 a . e S e ect . . . . 5 . . 5 e c a tipa r a Fourn Mex Pl Gram (Type from Tehuac n , Mexico ) Not r t 1 24 Trin . 8 .

1 5 49 1 he na . S exuosa . : . 888 . C te a tipa fl Vasey , Bull Torrey Club (Type from Mountains , Tex s )

l 0—1 20 - 8 . o o Cu ms slender , rather wiry , gl abrous , cm tall ; sheaths glabr us , sh rt villous at

— - ul 3 4 . 6 1 . the thr oat ; lig e mm long or even mm . long on the culm leaves , about mm long on the 1 — i 3 5 . 4 . innovations ; blades flat or nvolute , gl abrous or scaberulous , as much as cm long , mm 1 0—20 s wide ; p anicle open , cm . long , u ually densel y pilose on the lower node , sometimes at the o c o in flexuo us 3 o r 4 o r thers , the branches slender , s abr us , spread g , often , usually , even more , — o 5 8 . s o . o at a node , the lowerm st cm long ; glume ab ut cm l ng , the first a l ittle longer , pale ,

“ - - — — 3 5 7 . 1 2 . nerved , long acuminate , glabrous ; lemma pale , mm long , the callus mm long , t o a il densel y barbed with wh ite hairs , the body broadest abou one third fr m the c llus , v lous al l ' — l n c r l n eck 3 6 . o obs u e over , narrowed above into an obscure ; awn cm g , y twice geniculate , the

- t first segment scabrous hisp id , twisted , about as long as the lemma , the second similar , a l it le

fiexuous o not . shorter , the th ird , scabr us , twisted

N e - t2 A : . LOC LITY Chalma , Mexico (state)

: a n d S o . DISTRIB UTION Rocky hills , western Texas to southern Arizona nora 1 l 24 l . 467 . 1 l . . . . . 1 2 . . A : . I c . S . : I LLUSTR TIONS Cav p , f ; Bul U Dep Agr Bot p

9 1 . e n . R e er . . N o v . 1 . 1 0 2 7 . Stipa cland sti a Hack p t Sp 8 : 5 6

— - 5 0 80 . t Culms erect , glabrous , cm all , the whole plant pale green ; sheaths gl abrous , hispid o 1 at the thr at , the lower often conceal ing cleistogamous panicles ; ligule a membrane about f 1 — 2 . r n or o mm . long or less , cil iate w ith stif hairs mm long ; bl ades fo lded o i volute the lder

- 0— — m m o o 1 20 1 2 . l wer ones flat , rather firm , gl abrous , subul ate p inted , cm . long , or even as — 4 . o 1 0 20 o o much as mm wide ; pan icle narr w , p ale , rarel y purplish , cm . l ng , ften more or less s inclosed in the uppermost sheath , the branches in distant fascicles , a cending or appressed , o naked below , bearing several sp ikelets above , the axis glabrous , densel y pilose at the l wer ,

o 8 . m st node , more or less pilose at the other nodes ; glumes equal , about mm long , papery ,

3 - on broad , abruptl y acuminate , nerved , scaberulous the nerves an d somewhat so between the

1 . nerves ; lemma fusiform , pale , about 6 mm . long , the callus about mm long , densel y barbed

o - o with white hairs , the b dy densel y wh ite villous bel w , gl abrate in streaks above , narrowed m 1— 1 8 f 1 . 1 . toward sum it , this cil iate with sti f erect hairs mm long ; awn cm long , twice gen ien