0, ►► di ► „ FISH cook ito ► k

November, 1959

nF FISHFRIFC OF CANAD PUBLISHED MONTHLY BY THE DEPARTMENT OF FISHERIES OF

CON TEN TS VOL. 12 NO. 5

FEATURES

Survey of Fisheries 3 Lunenburg Exhibition -- Fisheries Showcase 6 Fourteen-Nation Discussion on North Atlantic Statistics 8 Canned Fish Ideal for Emergency Meals 10 Canadian Fisheries in September 11 CANADIAN FISHERIES NEWS oF Research in Quebec 12 to sz 12 Fishery Officer Retires er. 13 The Value of Fishmeal curn 13 Dr. Hachey to Ottawa able Herring Solubles for Poults 14 twee New Fish Cook Book 14 base 92-1b. Salmon 14 ing Improved Fish Glue 15 neve Fishery Figures for September 16 - 17 scri katc FISHERIES NEWS FROM ABROAD vinc far Norwegian Fisheries Trends 18 18 U.N. Meeting on Sardines nort Southwest African Pilchards 18 of fi U.S. Exports 18 mill larg CURRENT READING 19 con]

COVER PHOTOGRAPH: Many excellent fish recipes appear in the Department of Fisheries' new "Canadian Fish Cook Book", cial attr just off the press, which is described on page 14. in tl the The contents of TRADE NEWS have not been copyrighted and may be reprinted altho ugh ref P" mar with ence to the source would be appreciated. For further information regarding TRADE EWS to the Director of Information and Educational Service, Department of Fisheries, Otta a, Cana

2tied,le2Yl 't Aloidhe ,u4 Azovide Aime 2I.S.

Fisheries research investigation on Lac . Survey of Saskatchewan Fisheries

By J.E.STEEN

it 'emwhere they ain't", Willie Keeler, base- of Fisheries expanded its fish inspection pro- "H ball immortal at the turn of the century, used gramme. All fish processing plants which can meet to say in describing his proficiency as a ball play- the Canadian Government Specifications Board re- er. Keeler meant that by taking advantage of cir- quirements for fish products are eligible for gov- cumstances as they developed on the field, he was ernment inspection. Also, all fish for export is in- able to get base hits by adroitly hitting the ball be- spected by federal officers. At the present time, it tween defend ing players. Although professional is estimated that Saskatchewan exports 75 per cent baseball is as far removed from commercial fish- of its catch to U.S. centres -- only ten per cent is ing as catching whitefish is from catching "flies", consumed locally and the balance is sold to othe r nevertheless this piece of advice has long been sub- Canadian markets. scribed to by the commercial fishermen of Sas- katchewan, who realized that f is hing in this pro- Approximately 135 lakes in the province are vince would only be profitable in the northern lakes, fished commercially, the vast majority of them be- far distant from settled communities. ing in the northern half of the province. Their combined area is 13,725 square miles. The most Last year the deep, cold water s of the s e prolific fishing grounds are Lakes Athabaska, northern lakes yielde'd more than 11 million pounds Reindeer, Big Peter Pond, and Wollaston. of fish with a record market value of s ome two million dollars. The province, which has the third Whitefish is the province's most important largest freshwater fishery in Canada, issued 2,595 commercial stock, as it represents over 50 per cent commercial fishing licenses, another record. of the total catch. Other fish of commercial signifi- cance include lake trout, pickerel, pike, sucker, The inc rease in Saskatchewan's commer- ling, tullibee, sturgeon, goldeye, buffalo fish, and cial fish production over the last few years can be perch. Whitefish, pickerel, and pike are the most attributed chiefly to the accelerated demand for fish plentiful and widely spread species, as they are in the United States. Improvement in quality and found in nearly all the lakes in the province. the introduction of the frozen block pack for the ugh refer- manufacture of "gefilte fish" has had much to do When looking at the history of the commer- with this. In April of 1959, the federal Department cial fishing industry in the province, it is interest- EWS a, Canada, -3- ing to note that the two oldest occupations known to have man, fishing and agriculture, began almost simul- ship taneously in S a s kat chew an , and that most of the ment early settlers were both fishermen and farmers. is po After 1882, pioneers moving into Saskatchewan from tain other countries as well as those from eastern was Canada, flocked to districts in the western and katcl south-eastern sections of the provinc e . As one staff. would expect, those who settled near lakes invari- unive ably utilized fish for food supplie s . After these mer precursors became more firmly established on the land, they sold their excess c at ches locally; this laid the foundation of the province's commercial on fishing industry. By 1886 the industry had expanded 1, 50( to such a degree that small shipments of whitefish inc or were exported to the United States. In 1957, w ell Bran over 5 million pounds of whitefish alone was export- ass is ed to the United States. they FARMER-FISHERMAN this Indian workers unloading fillets flown to Lac la velor The early settler, who played the dual econo- Ronge from (Snake Lake). seta] mic role of farmer and fisherman, fostered the de- by C( velopment of the province's c om m e r c i al fishery winter scene, as it is more commonly the case now on a by working his farm in the summer and fishing in for snowmobiles, deployed in a systematic pick-up there the winter months. And to a large extent this pat- pattern, to transport the catch to railheads. in th( tern has continued to the present time, as the part- Marl time farmer on the agricultural fringe of the north Nevertheless, transportation is still the main the p still fishes in the winter to supplement his income. difficulty in marketing fish caught in the winter op- havir In recent years, he has been joined in this economic eration. It is a long way from northern lake s to fish endeavour by the Indians and Metis of the north, cities in the southern part of the pr o v in c e and to e x i f. who are playing an increasingly important par t in U.S. centres. If the catch is frozen when taken Fish( the fishing industry. In many cases dire necessity from lakes, it must not be allowed to thaw before vinci has forced this latter group into the fishery, as they reaching its destination. On the other hand, if the aged are finding it more difficult each year to make a catch is shipped fresh, it must not be allowed to corn' living by fur trapping. freeze.

The introduction of refrigeration, use of the Improved roads are making many more lakes sight airplane and the extension of roads into the north accessible for summer fishing. But of course, the agerr has completely changed the c omp le x ion of Sas- airplane and improved processing and refrigeration the n katchewan's fishing industry. Until a few years methods have been chiefly respons i b le for the wher ago, commercial fishing in the province was pre- emergence of summer fishing as the predominant not s dominantly a winter operation. However, this has operation. From the northern lakes , aircraft fly be u: now been reversed. In 1957, approximately 62 per the catch to be iced and boxed at Beaver Lake, near est cent of the total catch, or 6,857,754 pounds, wa s the Manitoba border, close to . Fish are ther: taken in the summer. Just how startling this tran- also flown from and trucked from tal of sition has been is shown by the fact that as recently Reindeer Lake to Lynn Lake, Manitoba. 5,68 as 1951, only3,558,000 pounds constituted the sum- mer catch. No one welcomes this as much as the From Beaver and Lynn Lakes, this perish- fishermen themselves as the winter operation ha s able food product is assured of speedy transit so offic always been most arduous. that it will reach the distant cities in top flavour and tendi quality. Small skiffs and canoes, between 15 and 18 from Winter fishing is intrinsically the same in feet in length,are the most commonly used vessels and ( every freshwater area in Canada. By its very na- in this fishery. A few two to three-man boats, 28 bow ture, this type of fishing conjures up images of to 40 feet in length, are also used primarily in area hardy fishermen buffeted by frigid arctic winds as Reindeer and Wollaston Lakes. suita they struggle to place their nets beneath thick lay- ers of ice. This conception of winter fishing in The Province's fisheries are administered by Saskatchewan becomes all the more vivid when it is the Fisheries Branch of th e Saskatchewan Depart- Fort merged with a further image of sleighs drawn by ment of Natural Resources. The management pro- rainl tractors, horses and even dogs hauling the catch to gramme is conducted on a scientific basis; in 1947 a meni railheads. This, indeed, is part of the winter fish- large scale biological programme was undertaken Ron€ ing operation in Saskatchewan. Howe v e r , these and since then more than 100 water areas have been been means of transportation are rapidly fading from the studied to determine their productivity. Biologists Fonc

-4- have also paid special attention to the interrelation - ship of species and the ir life histories. Experi- ments are now in progress to determine whether it is possible to introduce non-native species to cer- tain water areas. A provincial fisheries laboratory was established in 1947 at the University of Sas- katchewan, and has five permanent biologists on its staff. In addition, 12 student biologists from the university are us ually employed during the sum- mer months on biological surveys.

It is true that no-one in the province depends on fishing exclusively for his livelihood, hOwever 1,500 residents derive the major source of their income from this primary industry. The Fisheries Branch has been charged with the responsibility of assisting fishermen to bolster their income so that they will have a better standard of living. To meet this challenge, the Branch has encouraged the de- ac la velopment of fishermen's co-operatives, and the Provincial fish hatchery at Fort Qu'Appelle setting up of filleting plants, now be in g purchased by Co-operative Fisheries Ltd. from the province spawn camp on the Montreal River near Lac la on a time -payment basis. At the present time now Ronge. The most serious threat facing the Sas- there are 11 modern cold storage and filleting plants -k-up katchewan fisheries is the migration of carp to in the pr ov in c e . The former Saskatchewan Fish areas where they have never before been found. In s played an important part in Marketing Service has 1953, carp fingerlings were found in the overflow the past in aiding fishermen to sell their products, main waters of the Assiniboine River, near . having last year marketed about 47 per cent of the 7 op - They were also found that summer in the Qu'Appelle fish produced. This Service has now gone out of s to River west of Crooked Lake. nd to existence by selling its assets toCo-operative Fisheries Limited, an organization which the pro- a ken Carp, unlike the lampreys of the Great Lakes vincial government hopes will be owned and man- More are not lethal to other fish, but are possibly best aged by fishermen through co-operation, when they f the described as a nuisance to the commercial fisher- complete the above-mentioned payments. ad to men, as they compete with more commercially pop- ular fish stocks for food while they themselves are A practical illustration which shows the fore- not highly valued as a fish product. Moreover, they sight of the Fisheries Branch has been the encour- akes are little eaten by the more prized species. the agement that body has given to the development of the mink ranching industry on lake s in the north, ition Biologists have observed that carp fingerlings where the r e is a large population of fish which is the taken in by angle r s for bait and occasionally re- not suitable for human consumption but which could nant leased, have been responsible for transferring the be used by the ranc he r s to feed mink. The lat- t fly species from one drainage area to another. In est available statistical information reveals that tear order to check the spreading of this undesirable there are 94 fur farms in the province, with a to' are fish, the Fisheries Branch has prohibited the use of tal of 49,534 mink, which were fed approximately rom minnows and other small fish for bait throughout 5,685,372 pounds of coarse fish. the province. ish- In the last few years provincial fish culture Faced with the fact that the migration of carp t so officials have been placing great emphasis on ex- is a continuing problem, the Fisheries Branch con- and tending the range of the arctic grayling species ducted extensive seining operations in the summer 18 from the far north into the Churchill River area, of 1957 to determine the extent of carp in the prov- sels and on the introduction of eastern brook and rain- ince. Tests were made on the White s an Red 28 bow trout and certain warm water species into Deer, Assiniboine and Qu'Appelle Rivers in eastern areas where preliminary studies seem to indicate Saskatchewan, and on the Souris and its tributaries ( in suitable environment. in the southeast.

by A new fish culture station has been built at Investigations have been conducted in the use irt- Fort Qu'Appelle for the hatching of pickerel and of such remedial measures as the use of electrical ro- rainbow, brown and lake trout. Also, an experi- barriers in strategic places, but it is felt that many L7 a mental hatchery has been established at Lac la dangers and difficulties would be inhe rent in this ken Ronge where arctic g rayling and lake trout have practice. In the future the Branch will attempt to een been hatched, an arctic grayling spawn camp in the contain and restrict carp by selective poisoning and is is Fond-du-lac River near Black Lake, and a pickerel the maintenance of present control measures.V'

-5- Lunenburg Exhibition... • • •

A thrilling moment in the International Dory Races won by Canada

ROM a humble "Welcome Home" picnic to celebrate the safe return of the deepsea fishermen from their codfishing campaign on the distant banks, the Nova Scotia Fisheries Exhibition and Fishermen's Re- unionF has grown through the years to become the most significant event of its kind in Canada. In the begin- ning a one-day affair, the "Lunenburg Exhibition", as it is more commonly known, this year began on Sep- tember 15 and officially closed on the 19th when the many prizes won during the week were presented.

Once again this year the Exhibition was replete with the many attractions that have made it a fisheries "showcase". As may be expected fish -- alive in aquaria, preserved in ice, and processed -- were a dom- inant theme as were the crafts of the fishing trade, some of which were demonstrated in the knitting of nets and making of lobster pots. Pageantry was represented by such colourful events as the Queen of the Sea Contest and the Children's Parade, while the days of iron men and wooden ships were relived in the stirring International Dory Races which resulted in wins, in both the senior and junior races, by Canadian oarsim over their fishing cousins from Massachusetts.

The week's celebrations ended on a solemn note on Sunday, September 20, when a remembrance serv- ice was held on Memorial Square, overlooking the harbour, for fishermen who have given their lives to their calling. This ceremony concluded with wreaths being deposited on one of the town's main fishing wharves, from where they would be taken to sea by the first outbound fishing vessel and dropped on the waters of the Atlantic that have claimed so many Nova Scotians.

Salt fish cutting demonstration "Safety Special" - feature of Children's Parade Dep

-6- ...Fisheries Showcase

SIPAITMENT Ii FINN

their s Re- )e gin- Sep-

series dom- Fishing boat display at Lunenburg Exhibition by Department of Fisheries of Canada f nets e Sea r ring S 'TIC

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Queen of the Sea and attendants e Department of Fisheries Fish Cookery School

-7- Fourteen-Nation Discussion on

North Atlantic Statistics ar d

EPRESENTATIVES from 14 countries fishing uted on various subjects pertinent to the purpose of ur R the North Atlantic met in Edinburgh from Sep- the meeting by individual experts in various coun- th tember 22 to September 29 at an international meet- tries, as well as by experts from the staffs of the 1.3) ing of experts on fishery statistics. The meeting international organizations participating and ob- pa was jointly sponsored by the Food and Agriculture serving. In all there were 22 working documents Organization of the United Nations (FAO), the In- and papers put before the meeting. px ternational Council for Exploration of the Sea (ICES) by and the International Commission for the North- The meeting chose as its chairman Mr. A.J. west Atlantic Fisheries (ICNAF). In addition to Aglen, Fisheries Secretary of the Scottish Home representatives from these three agencies, four Department in Edinburgh. The meeting established other international organizations sent observers to two committees. Committee I dealt with statistics the meeting. The Government of the United King- of the primary fishery, that is to say, with statis- m. dom acted as host and provided a most acceptable tics of the fishing operations. This Committee was of. meeting place and f a cilitie s in the Government under the Chairmanship of J. B. Ruthe rford of M Building at Saughton, Edinburgh. Canada. Committee II was established under the gr Chairmanship of Dr. D.J. van Dijk of the Nether- in The reason for this meeting was found in a lands to consider and report upon matters relating de concern of the member governments of these inter- to statistics of the fish processing and distribution INE national organizations, as well as in the concern of industries. The meeting, as well as the commit- se the organizations themselves, with the heavy and tees, organized several working parties to facilitate ti: increasing burden of statistical reporting. There consideration of special subjects. The main topic va have been several causes for this heavy and in- headings considered by the meeting were: e r creasing burden. Particularly since the war, new pe international agencies have been brought into exist- (1) Classification of Statistical Items ti: ence, each with somewhat different needs for fish- na ery statistics according to their particular objec- (2) Manpower Statistics in the Fishing In- ul . tive s and purposes. Se condly , conditions in the dustry. A( fisheries have been changing and as they have be changed requirements have been altered. In con- (3) Conversion Factors si sequence, officers of member governments have in been uncertain as to the firm requirements for sta- (4) Incompleteness of coverage of Statis- tistics. Thirdly, some of the requirements in them- tics selves, even as originally set out, were not defined th adequately for clear understanding by member gov- re (a) Statistics of discards ernments. Fourth, in the setting of requirements mi (b) Treatment of foreign landings certain interests for one reason or another tended (c) Statistics of fishery activities out- to be overlooked, and it was considered desirable side normal commercial channels that their needs be recognized in international fish- (sport and subsistence fishermen) ery statistics. (d) Loss of weight of fish during As a groundwork for the meeting, the Food transport and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations undertook a survey of the fishery statistics for each ( 5 ) Statistics of Fishing Effort head country in the North Atlantic area. The survey was and designed to bring out the problems faced by coun- (6) Statistics of Processing agre tries in meeting the requirements of the interna- of r tional bodies referred to, and to examine these (a) At sea quir problems with reference to each country's system (b) Ashore e c o of collecting and compiling fishery statistics. Two were Canadians were employed on this survey over a ( 7 ) Statistics of Distribution the period of several months, F. J. Rashley, Dominion Bureau of Statistics, and J.B. Rutherford, Depart- (a) Domestic ment of Fisheries. Their report was one of the (b) Foreign Trade to tl basic working documents of the meetings. In addi- pose tion, working documents and papers were contrib- (8) Statistics of Consumption

-8- Training Centre in Fishery Statistics, Denmark

NDER the auspices of the Food and Agri- shals. For two weeks the trainees visited fish culture Organization of the United Nations auctions and co-operative marketing agencies, and the Government of Denmark, a Training processing plants and harbour installations, in- Centre in Fishery Statistics was conducted cluding repair yards and net lofts . These during the period August 17 to September 18 in visits were related to the subject matter of Denmark. This Training Centre was a project lectures describing the collection and assembly )se of under the Technical Assistance Programme of of statistics. coun- the Food and Agriculture Organization of the Df the United Nations. Mr. S.N.Sorenson of the De- Interesting trips were taken to see the 3 ob- partment of F i she r i e s, Government of Den- systems of boat beach launching and recovery nents mark, was in charge of the technical training gear, life-saving stations and other things re- programme and was assisted in administration lated to the fisheries industries. One of the by Mr. S. Simony, also of the Danish Depart- more interesting days was spent aboard a new A. J. ment of Fisheries. Danish trawler built in the Netherlands in which Jame the actual fishing op e rations were demon- .shed COMPREHENSIVE COURSE strated. In addition, weekend tours were made stics The Training Centre was established pri- to various parts of Jutland to acquaint trainees atis- marily for the purpose of training government with the general economic and social conditions was officials of countr i e s of the Mediterranean, of this important Danish fishing area. d of Middle East and South African areas. The pro- the gramme consisted of lectures, practical work Following the two weeks in Jutland, the her- in collection and compilation of statistics and Training Centre moved again to Copenhagen for iting demonstrations in the field. The first two a final period of lectures, seminars and prac- rtion weeks of the course were devoted to lectures, tical demonstration of compilation of statistics. mit- seminars and practical demonstrations of sta- itate tistical compilation at Copenhagen. Full ad- The trainees were drawn from as far east opic vantage was taken of facilities available in gov- as Pakistan, from as far south as Southern ernment departments and the University of Co- Rhodesia, from the west to Morocco and Ghana penhagen. It included trips to government sta- and north from Yugoslavia; in all twenty train- tistical offices, while the lectures and semi- ees participated. nars were conducted in classrooms of the Fac- Dr. H. H. Brown, Executive Assistant to ulty of Engineering, University of Copenhagen. Accommodation for students and staff mem- Dr. D.B. Finn, Head of the Fisheries Division bers was provided in a residence of the univer- of FAO, represented that organization. There sity which was available for this purpose dur- were outside lecturers from the Netherlands, Belgium and the Federal Republic of Germany, ing the vacation period. and the International Council for the Explora- Following the two weeks in Copenhagen, tion of the Sea. J.B. Rutherford, Economics the entire Training Centre moved to a summer Service, Canadian Department of Fisheries, resort hotel at Tornby in Jutland, about 21 was loaned to FAO and gave a series of lec- miles from the Jutland f i shing port of Hirt- tures at the Training Centre.

(9) Simplification of Statistical Reporting izations and of countries. This continuing group is to the International Bodies. to be responsible for testing out the recommenda- tions and to follow the programme with the consid- On ea c h of the main topic s and sub-topic eration of the need for future meetings. Named to headings there was discussion in both the general this continuing group were FAO, ICES, ICNAF, and committee meetings. Recommendations were Canada, Iceland, the United Kingdom and the Fed- agreed upon in such matters as definitions, methods eral Republic of Germany. The Fisheries Division of reporting and further action to be taken. Re- of FAO is to serve as the secretariat for this group quirements for fishery statistics by administrators, as well as for completion of the final report of the e con omi s t s , businessmen and food technologists meeting. were considered and have been taken into account in the recommendations of the meeting. The official Canadian representatives at the meeting were Dr. Lloyd M. Dickey, St. Andrews At its concluding session, the meeting agreed Biological Station, Fisheries Research Board, and to th e formation of a continuing group to be com- J. B. Rutherford, Economics Service, Department pose a of representatives of the international organ- of Fisheries, Ottawa.(le

-9- Canned Fish Ideal for Emergency Meals

ISH was the main dish at a recent mass emer- gency feeding exercise conducted at the Cana- E dian Civil Defence College, Arnprior, Ont. The demonstration, carried out under simulated field resu conditions as part of a training course for volunteer civil defence workers, proved to be an unqualified success, with the meal being prepared and250 ap- petites fed in short order. inte j Prepared in "Soyer" boilers -- which can be of tk easily improvised from 40-gallon oil drums and caug which date from the Crimean War -- the main fish traw course proved to be succulent and nutritious, as coas was demonstrated when the 250 paper plates were que s gathered up. Noodles, baked apples, milk and cof - and fee formed the remainder of the menu. cent: catcl Civil defense officials cited canned fish as land: being an ideal basis for a mass emergency meal in even that it is readily available, easily prepared and, by more reason of its containers, free from contamination. The recipe for the fish dish was supplied by the itie s Home Economists of Canada's Department of Fish- barr eries. de c In the photograph at right volunteer civil de- stati fence workers display close teamwork in the out- any door cooking of an emergency meal. The photo- fishe graph below shows how the feeding line handled the were needs of 250 taste panel "evacuees" in record time, up th and at bottom right, schoolchildren who contributed appetities to the emergency feeding exercise can be seen enjoying their meal of fish and milk. le empt for s supp, mar prod, block taine ber ship econ(

cod and, fish Thei, the froze nearl four

durin with

norm milli( Canadian Fisheries in September

EPTEMBER continued the summer pattern of good fortune for Atlantic fishermen and poor re s .alts for those on the Pacific.

ATLANTIC In Newfoundland, although gales occasionally interfered with operations in exposed areas, most of the month was cool, dry and sunny. Fishermen caught enough fresh squid for their daily needs and trawl re sult s were good in all parts of the east coast and Avalon peninsula and at Port aux Bas- ques. Longlining out of Bonavista continued poor and fish seemed to be scarce in Fortune and Pla- centia Bays and on the west coast. But the total cod catch was twice as heavy as in September last year, landings of plaice and greysole nearly doubled and even redfish, rather scarce all summer, seemed more abundant.

Turbot fishing, very active in several local- Fi she r men lifting perch from pound net on Lake ities, also improved , with a catch of about 2,000 Erie. barrels at Nipper's Harbour, the main centre. A decline in the latter half of the month in landing The swordfish fleet closed a season of heavy statistics for the north-east coast was due not to catches . Although prices had sagged, reflecting any scarcity of fish in the sea but to the fact that large supplies, a few boats fished to the end of Sep- fishermen already had large supplies on hand and tember, getting fewer but larger fish. Most of the were so busy preparing for shipment before freeze- vessels by this time were halibuting or cod fishing up that they had scant time left for fishing. with good results. Draggers landed very fair catches of cod and haddock from the offshore banks Salting plants, working to fill warehouses or cod, pollock and plaice from the Gulf of St. Law- emptied by last year's scarcity, offered good prices rence. A few draggers and Danish seiners brought for saltbulk, competing with fresh fish plants for redfish to plants in Cape Breton. Freezing plants supplies. Determined to get back strongly into the were building up their stocks of cod and haddock market , they were also experimenting with new fillets and blocks against fall market demand. Salt- product forms, one plant putting up salted fish fishing was also active, the landings supplemented blocks, another packaging salted fish in plastic con- by regular shipments of saltbulk from Newfound- tainers. By the end of the month a significant num- land. ber of northern outports had already sold and shipped their entire catch, which put them in a good The only area open to lobstering was upper economic position for the winter. Northumberland Strait. In spite of good weather and steady fishing, the catch, which had been highly South coast draggers got only half loads of satisfactory in August, declined to such small pro- cod and flounder during the first half of the month portions in September that many fishermen went and, with local inshore fishing also poor, the fresh back to oystering or smelt fishing. Demand for fish plants often operated at less than capacity. lobsters remained firm and prices steady. Their offshore receipts improved toward the end of the month, however. September's total output of Mackerel seemed to be fairly plentiful, espe- frozen groundfish in Newfoundland amounted to cially in the Cape Breton area toward the end of the nearly six million pounds, compared with less than month, but instead of schooling near the surface four and a half million in the same month last year. they remained scattered in deep water and so were hard to fish. There was lively fresh-market de- Gross income of the province's fishermen mand for them in Boston and New York and fisher- dur ing the month was about $1.3 million, compared men received good prices. wit h about $700,000 in September 1958. Herring traps in Nova Scotia sometimes took Fishermen in the Maritimes, with seasonally more mackerel and tuna than herring, and herring nor mal results and a gross income of about $4.0 weirs made only small landings. The fish were mil lion held gains they had chalked up in August. fairly plentiful on the east coast of New Brunswick, however, and seines took good catches in the Bay of year's pack will barely exceed one million cases, Fundy. Sardine plants were kept in full swing and which would make it the smallest since 1944. Some other large shipments were exported to sardine of the decline was caused by the late-July strike but canneries and pet food and pearl essence factories Alaska also is believed to have a small pack. in Maine. The Pacific herring fleet, on strike since Ti PACIFIC May, remained tied up through September. Halibut prices were so low as to discourage effort. The fant On the Pacific coast, landings of spring and t r a w le r fishery was rather good for the time of are coho salmon by troll fleets for the fresh fish mar- year. Pacific fishermen's gross income of $4.5 mil- way ket held up well into September but then declined lion compared with $10 million in September last pro( steeply, partly because of sharp decrease in fish year. farr abundance , partly because of increasingly rough mar weather. The season's coho catch, however, FRESHWATER last yielded not only good supplies of fresh salmon but The summer's good freshwater landings con- for : the largest canned coho pack since 1951. Troll fish- tinued through September. It is believed that when scie ermen received high prices in September, topped all the figures have been compiled they will show a for by sixty cents per pound for large red springs at record season. Demand for picker el remained uct. Vancouver. But scouting offshore in the northern steady. Markets for whitefish improved in prepar- prin area torard the end of the month for later runs, ation for the Jewish holiday season. Tullibee was erat they were disappointed to find only a scattered be- in demand for mink feed. Orders for other fish disc ginning of what promised to be light fall-winter ar- were at the low levels normal for September, how- left- rivals of springs. ever. Warehouses bulged as receipts continued use heavy but a satisfactory out-of-storage movement Pink salmon, caught by seiners and gillnet- seemed to be getting underway by the end of the ters for the canneries, accounted for nearly half of month. so u the September salmon catch but were much less a- prin bundant than had been hoped, especially in John- Alberta fishing closed September 30 with rec- ring stone Strait. Sockeye, however, were remarkably ords in catch and shipments unquestionably estab- plentiful for a low-cycle year, especially off the lished. Saskatchewan extended its season to meet mouth of the Fraser, where they often averaged the mounting demand for whitefish. The summer 70 p ∎ over seven pounds in size, and in the Skeena and fishery on Great Slave Lake ended with somewhat oil. Tofino areas. Chum salmon were scarce and out- smaller landings than last year. In Manitoba sev- pouli look for the late fall run of this species was poor. eral areas closed because catch quotas had been this reached. Lake Ontario's whitefish landings showed in tc Closures to protect pinks and chums together improvement and Lake Erie's perch fishery was in poull with bad weather late in September considerably full swing after slowing down in August because of low curtailed the fishing. It was estimated that this the heat. le smal anii good The Minister, accompanied by his Executive cient Research in Quebec Secretary, Martin Gilmore, and the Chairman of the c the Board, Dr. J. L. Kask, visited the United Fish- start An "Open House" at Grande Riviere, Quebec, ermen's modern plant at Gaspe, and looked over the in September, sponsored jointly by the Fisheries proposed site of their new plant at Newport on the Research Board of Canada and the Quebec Depart- Gaspe coast. The Minister also showed keen inter- show ment of Fisheries Biological Station proved very est in the plant of Robbins, Jones, and Whitman, at tent useful to the government officials, Quebec fisher- Pa sb e r i a c , one of the oldest firms operating in more men, and representatives of the indu str y of that Canada. purp( province who attended the two-day meeting. Fish- suita erie s Minister J. Angus MacLean spoke at the per c( opening ceremonies. Dr. A. Marcotte of the Quebec Fishery Officer Retires such Department of Fisheries was chairman of the meet- After more than 30 years with the federal De- and t. ing. Reflecting the success of the meeting was a partment of Fisheries , Franklin E. Justas on, suggestion that such a joint "Open House" be held Maritimes Purchasing Agent, Halifax, retired last every two years with the province's biologists and month. meal the Board's technologists taking the responsibility reduc of organization in alternate years. Mr. Justason had a distinguished record with reduc the Department, serving in such other important fat or In addition to officials of the Research Board, posts as fishery inspector and Assistant Chief Su- reduc federal inspection personnel from Quebec and offi- pervisor for the Maritimes, with headquarters in This cials of the Fishermen's Indemnity Plan met with Moncton, N. B. A native of Charlotte County, N.B., in a the Minister and attended meetings as time allowed. Mr. Justason will reside with his wife in Moncton. three

-12- anadian Fisheries News

space and the mass of fish is cooked and dried sim- The Value of Fishmeal ultaneously. The meal is then ground, ready to be sacked for market. With the world's population increasing at a fantastic rate, both fishermen and farmers alike The wet process is employed principally on are devoting more and more attention to finding the Pacific coast where there are large supplies of ways and means to improve upon and extend their herring used extensively for the production of meal production methods. It is a well known fact, that and oil. This method has a continuous cooker into farmers, in addition to producing prime foods for which the fish are fed and cooked as they pass markets, are keenly determined to utilize every through it. When this stage of the method is com- last scrap of what they produce. This holds true pleted, the cooked fish pulp enters a press in a con- for fishermen as well, and for many years fisheries tinuous stream directly from the cooker. Mechan- scientists and the fishing industry have searched ical pressure in the press expels most of the water for economical ways to make use of all their prod- and oil. Any that is left is dried out of the pulp so uct. Until recently when a fish was processed and that the moisture in the fishmeal is reduced to from prime fillets packaged for sale, there was a consid- six to eight per cent and the oil content to from erable amount of good material left over which was three to 10 per cent. After cooling, the fishmeal is discarded. This is no longer the case, as these passed through a grinder, then usually weighed into left-overs are now made into f i shme al which is 100-pound bags. used extensively as animal feed. As the temperature of the steam used in re- As well as fish left-overs, whole fish are al- ducing fish is about 280 degrees F., this ensures so used in the production of fishmeal. Whole fish that the final product will be practically free from primarily designated for this purpose include her- bacteria and that it will be safe for animals. The ring, menhaden, and sardines. watery parts, which are drained off in the process, are concentrated to produce "fish solubles". This Fishmeal on the average contains from 60 to product contains many valuable feeding properties 70 per cent protein and from three to 10 per cent for stock, and is also sold in bulk as fertilizer or oil. However, this does not mean that animals and bottled for home use as fertilizer for plants and poultry get all the protein and oil they need from flower-boxes. this source, because as a rule, fishmeal is added in two to five per cent concentrations to chick or poult starter rations. It is obvious then that at such Dr. Hachey to Ottawa low concentrations, this meal can only contribute a small fraction of the protein and oil needed by farm The greatly increased postwar interest in animal s . The important thing, however, is that oceanography, the science of the sea, has resulted good animal protein such as fishmeal has a suffi- in the transfer of the Chief Oceanographer of the cient amount of certain amino acids which provide Fisheries Research Board of Canada, Dr. H. B. the correct proportion of proteins and oils in these Hachey, from St. Andrews, N.B. , to Ottawa, Dr. starter rations. J.L. Kask, Chairman of the Board, said recently. Dr. Hachey, a veteran of 31 years with the Board The excellence of fishmeal as animal feed is in oceanographic work, will make a vailable his shown by the fact that it has a higher protein con- know le d g e in this science to officials of several tent than any other such feed, and that it is much federal government departments which are in the more valuable nutritionally than vegetables for this process of setting up oceanographic sections. The purpose. Because of this, farmers find it especially departments concerned are National Defence, Mines suitable for combining with feeds which have a low and Technical Surveys, and Transport. percentage of the less nutritional vegetable proteins such as are present in roots, potatoes, hay straw, Dr. Hachey is Secretary of the Joint Commit- and the cereal grains. tee on Oceanography, an interdepartmental commit- tee on oceanography in Ottawa, which co-ordinates There are two methods of pr oducing fish- all oceanographic activities in Canada, and this is meal -- the dry-reduction process and the wet- another reason why his presence in Ottawa has be- reduction process. Fish with a low-fat content are come necessary. reduced by the dry process, and those with a high fat or oil content by the wet pr ocess. The dry- The Fisheries Research Board, which serves reduction process utilizes a steam jacketed dryer. as the scientific arm of the federal Department of This is an apparatus composed of a cylinder with- Fi she rie s , has pioneered oceanographic work in in a cylinder, separated by a space of from one to this country. It has been actively engaged in all three inches. Live steam is r e le ased into this phases of this important science since 1910. Most

-13- of this work in Canada has been conducted by the re Board's two oceanographic groups at its Atlantic NEW FISH COOK BOOK tacl and Pacific Biological Stations. Scientists working An extensive collection of fish recipes on various oceanographic projects have contributed sure to meet the approval of the most exacting greatly to the understanding and development of the housewife as well as the most discriminating you fisheries. They have provided knowledge which has gourmet, has been carefully compiled by the Sea helped to understand the distribution and abundance home economists of the federal Department of of such fish as the Pacific salmon, have discovered Fisheries and published in the "Canadian Fish pr e viou sly unknown stocks of fish and have im- Cook Book." In essence, this attractive book In proved methods for locating species such as her- of some 100 pages, containing colour as well as ring, cod, and tuna. They have also studied the en- black and white photographs, is a handbook vironmental responses of important species, and Hal pointing out how the housewife should buy, pre- ie s are now in a position to predict in some instances pare, cook and serve fish. It fills a long-felt when fish are likely to be plentiful or scarce. wit] need. Sci, onl' Dr. Hachey, who in 1930 was the officer in All the recipes in the book were prepared imr charge of the Board's Hudson Bay Fisheries Ex- by the home economists in the Department's vel( pedition, is a native of West Bathurst, N.B. He re- main test kitchen in Ottawa, and were thor ceived his B.Sc. degree from the University of St. oughly tested for such characteristics as ap Francis Xavier in 1922; did postgraduate study at pearance, taste, texture, etc. With its public of g McGill and Toronto universities, and served on the ation, a definite need for a comprehensive cook of f staff of McGill, St. Francis Xavier, and the Uni- book dealing with all aspects of fish buying and the versity of New Brunswick. He became a full-time the use of fish in the home has been filled. member of the Board's staff in 1928. Dr. Hachey turf is a veteran of World War II. The Department has placed a series c mo: advertisements in a group of national maga zines which state that the cook book canbe pur Herring Solubles for Poults chased for one dollar by writing to the Queen's mar Printer, Ottawa . The advertisement on the col( s ME back cover of this month' s issue of "Trade the News" is representative of these. The cook- book itself is shown on the front cover. as s has that Shown at left is a turkey tom fed on one of the ex- ther perimental diets, weighing 25-30 lbs at six to seven ther months of age, and a day-old poult of the same fish variety.

to 1 92-lb Salmon nec( of tl This is a story of a record breaking fish that tive didn't get away. Every sportfisherman's dream -- fror to catch the biggest fish of its kind in the world -- has apparently been realized by a British Columbia youth. On July 19, H. Wichmann, 14 years old, fre s landed a 92-pound spring salmon while fishing in plan the Skeena River, and he has three witnesses to expo prove it. heat trier Young Wichmann hooked the fish about noon, foun and after a heroic two hour struggle finally reeled Turkey poults, because of their rapid rate of and growth, have high and critical nutritional require- in the courageous salmon. In this contest of fisher- ments. The Fisheries Research Board of Canada, man versus fish, Wichmann had to employ all his resources and stamina to hold his strike, as he was at its Technological Station in Vancouver, B. C. mos forced to run up and down a half-mile beach on and the Department of Poultry Science of the Uni- fina: more than one occasion. versity of British Columbia, have demonstrated the o d o growth-promoting qualities of conden se d herring stre The fish, a female, was 58 inches long and 36 solubles. In different control diets, with and with- the inches in girth. Its tail was 15 and a half inches out fish meal, and containing wheat, corn and feed alte across. It was weighed by the youth's father in the screenings as the principal cereal component, con- for presence of two other anglers. Experts in the game densed herring solubles have proved efficacious as of a and fish field believe that this catch is a world's an effective supplement of B-complex vitamins. size

-14- reco r d for a spring salmon taken on sporting tackle FRENCH LANGUAGE SUPPLEMENT TO "TRADE NEWS" The gear used by Wichmann included a 20- Items appearing in "Trade News" which pound test #4 nylon line, a quick spinning reel, a are of particular interest to French-speaking Sea K ing rod, and a Jensen Krocodile wobbler. Canadians, as well as features of general in- terest, are now translated and appe a r in a French-language supplement to this publica- Improved Fish Glue tion. This supplement may be obtained, along Among the more important projects of the with regular issues of "Trade News", on re- Halifax, N.S. , Technological Station of the Fisher- quest to the Director, Information and Educa- ies Research Board of Canada are those concerned tional service, Department of F i s he r i e s of with the utilization of the waste materials of fish. Canada, Ottawa. Scientists working on these projects are finding not only new ways to use former wastage, but also are not need glass or metal packaging, does not spoil by improving the quality of by-products already de- contamination, has an unlimited shelf life, and costs veloped. less to transport. For the consumer it is easy to use in any concentration he may prefer. In the latter category is the improved quality of glu e extracted from fish skins. While utilization With the extraction of the glue from the skins, of fis] skins for that purpose did not originate with three by-products were left which may have a po- the H alifax station, research workers there have tential when they are secured from fresh and un- time I out a product that appears to be superior to spoiled skins and when spoilage is prevented during most fish glue on the commercial market. production. The by-products are: guanine, ensym- ic protein hydrolysate, and fertilizer. The procedure at present used by fish glue manufacturers results in a product that varies in While only 0.1 per cent of the weight of the colour (v a rious shades of grey) and has a fishy original skin is recovered as guanine salt, the mar- smell. Samples examined at the Halifax station had ket price of about $75 a pound for the product lends the odour of phenol, which had been probably used an attractive aspect. No extra equipment is needed as a preservative. Although the factory-made glues to extract this salt. has a good adhesive strength and all other qualities that characterize a good interior adhesive, some of The ensymic protein hydrolysates which are them had one quality that w ou 1 d not recommend found in the residue after the glue has been ex- them to the average user. That was the smell of tracted are usually added to fish meal. However, fish. it has been suggested that a better and more profit- able use of those proteins could be made if they To produce a glue product that was attractive were converted into a water-soluble, partly hydro- to look at, without unpleasant odour and having the lysed product. The preparation could be used as the necessary adhesive qualities, was the primary aim raw material in pharmaceutical products combined of this Halifax research project. Secondary objec- with iron, iodine and calcium, or as a peptone for tives were the production of additional by-products the preparation of culture media in laboratories and from the skins. industries. Experiments carried out were mostly on The dried skin residue after the glue and fresh fish skins which had been f ill eted in fish guanine have been extracted is well suited as a gar- plants: cod, haddock, pollock, hake and sole. Some den fertilizer. It is more appropriate for this pur- experiments were carried out using cod and pollock pose than fish meal. It has no repulsive odour and heads. No work was done on salted skins, bones, has a high content of calcium phosphate and organic trimmings or other waste material. Cod skins were nitrogen. found to be most adaptable because they are thicker and the yield of glue is higher. Details of the fish skin processing are con- tained in a recent description of the experiment in Various procedures were used before the an as yet unpublished report of the Fisheries Re- most satisfactory me thod was established. The search Board. final result was a honey-coloured and practically odour less product having the same high binding strength as commercial fish glues. In addition to A suggestion by a famous United States heart the liquid form, the glue was also produced in the specialist to institute a controlled diet on 10,000 alternative solid form, which has many advantages Americans to study the effects of cholesterol build- for the producer and the consumer as well. First up in the cause of heart attacks is one step nearer of all, the dried glue can be ground to any particle reality by an offer of the Maine Sardine Council to size. The dried material is not hygroscopic, does provide enough sardines to make the test possible.

-15- Fishery Figures For September SEAFISH: LANDED WEIGHT AND LANDED VALUE May - Sept. 1958 May - Sept. 1959 '00U lbs $ 1 000 '000 lbs $ 1 000 CANADA - TCTAL 1,095, 133 72, 423 1,119,789 62,593

ATLANTIC COAST - Total 848,207 32,679 982, 335 39, 708 Cod 422, 122 9,890 535,824 14, 139 Haddock 26,857 1, 105 35, 174 1 , 489 Pollock, Hake & Cusk 58, 435 1, 049 56,203 1, 096 Rosefish 44,874 1,066 31,457 729 Halibut 3,077 749 3,408 819 Plaice & Other Flatfish 50,533 1, 588 56, 147 1, 787 Herring & Sardines 142,299 1,859 171, 330 2, 482 Mackerel 13,011 610 6,494 318 Swordfish 5, 332 1, 424 6,614 1, 363 Salmon 3,436 1, 206 3,866 1 , 403 Smelts 338 43 2 57 28 Alewives 8,734 122 10,968 167 Other Fish 28,805 404 18,095 298 Lobsters 32,747 10, 596 35,417 12, 139 Clams & Quahaugs 3,643 171 4,647 201 Scallops 1,920 701 2,938 106 Other Shellfish 2,044 96 3,496 144

PACIFIC COAST - Total 246,926 39,744 137,454 22, 885 Pacific Cods 5, 139 340 5, 352 376 Halibut 22, 156 4,582 21,774 4, 032 Soles & Other Flatfish 4,758 237 2,757 149 Herring 53, 562 903 12, 446 226 Salmon 156,293 33,307 88,876 17, 640 Other Fish 1,205 36 2,098 83 Shellfish 3,813 339 4, 151 379

BY PROVINCES British Columbia 246,926 39,744 137,454 22, 885 Nova Scotia 260, 182 12,7 31 259,458 14, 471 New Brunswick 121,829 5, 180 163, 324 6 , 497 Prince Edward Island 29,839 2,961 33,717 3, 460 Quebec 92,296 3, 125 94,494 3 , 458 Newfoundland 344,061 8,682 431, 342 11, 822

MID-MONTH WHOLESALE PRICES, Sept. 19 59 PRICES PER CWT. PAID TO FISHERMEN (week ending Sept. 19th) 1958 195 5 Montreal Toronto Halifax $ $ Cod Steak 4.00 3.75 - 4.00 Market Cod 3.50 3.50 - 3.75 Cod fillets, Atl. fresh, unwrapped lb. .314 .362 Haddock 5.50-6.00 4.25 - 4.50 Cod fillets, Atl. frozen, cello 5's lb. .272 .310 Plaice 3.50 3.25 Cod fillets, smoked lb. .353 .398 Yarmouth Haddock fillets, fresh, unwrapped lb. .4Z6 .482 Haddock 7.00 6.0C Herring kippered, Atl. lb. .256 .297 Black's Harbour Mackerel, frozen, round lb. .256 .268 Sardines 2.00 2.00 Lobsters, canned, Fancy case 48-is 41.98 43.60 St. John's, Nfld. Sardines, canned case 100-4s 9.04 8.95 Cod 2 .00-2.25 2.25 Halibut, frozen, dr. lb. .406 .388 Haddock (round) 2.00 2.25 Silverbright, frozen, dr. lb. .410 .368 Rosefish 2.00 Coho, frozen, dressed lb. .624 .590 Vancouver Sockeye, canned, gr. A case 48-1-s 25.28 25.12 Ling Cod 7.00-10.00 8.00 - 14.00 Pink, canned, gr. A case 48 13.80 13.90 Grey Cod 6.00 5.00 - 6.00 Whitefish, fresh lb. .377 .307 Soles 6.00- 8.00 6.00- 9.00 Lake Trout, frozen lb. .427 .408 Salmon (Rdspg. ) 30. 00-57. 00 34, 00 - 60.00 -16- Fishery Figures For September

STOCKS AS AT END CF SEPTEMBER CANADIAN EXPORT VALUE OF FISHERY PRODUCTS, MAY-AUGUST (Value in Thousands of Dollars) )0 1958 1959 593 1958 1959 '000 lbs '000 lbs 708 Total Exports 53,381 52,927 139 TOTAL - Frozen Fish, Canada 66,273 80,105 489 By Markets: 096 Frozen-Fresh, Sea Fish - Total 45,764 59,102 United States 41,918 42, 123 729 Caribbean Area 5,486 4,303 819 Cod, Atlantic, fillets & blocks 6,912 17,901 Europe 4,928 5,733 787 Haddock, fillets & blocks 1,693 7,079 Other Countries 1,049 768 482 Rosefish, fillets & blocks 2,272 2,675 318 Flatfish (excl. Halibut) , fillets & By Forms: 363 blocks 2,710 2,533 Fresh and Frozen 37,315 38,065 403 Halibut, Pacific, dressed & steaks 9,725 12,540 Whole or Dressed 13,679 12,845 28 Other Groundfish, dressed& steaks 2,132 2,211 Salmon, Pacific 4, 103 2,775 167 Other Groundfish, fillets & blocks 1,463 2,379 Halibut, Pacific 2, 185 2, 145 298 Salmon Pacific, dressed & steaks 9,755 5,461 Cod, Haddock, 139 Herring, Atlantic, and Pacific 1,829 464 Pollock, etc. 238 225 201 All Other Sea Fish, all forms 5,862 4,370 Swordfish 1, 140 1,664 106 Shellfish 1,411 1,489 Other Seafish 1,537 1,634 144 Whitefish 1,810 1,859 Frozen-Fresh, Inland Fish - Total 7,681 7,655 Pickerel 944 1,012 885 Other Freshwater 376 Perch, round or dressed 244 298 fish, n.o.p. 1,722 1,531 032 Pickerel (Yellow), fillets 359 162 Fillets 13,734 14,256 149 Sauger, round or dressed 214 177 Cod, Atlantic 5,692 5,93 7 226 Tullibee, round or dressed 22 1 147 Haddock 1,217 2,222 640 Whitefish, round or dressed 1,689 2,541 Rosefish, Hake, 83 Whitefish, fillets 956 523 Pollock, etc. 1, 297 940 379 Other, all forms 3,998 3,807 Flatfish 2, 442 2, 409 Pickerel 1, 070 643 Frozen-Smoked Fish - Total 1,850 2,045 Other 2,016 2, 105 385 Shellfish 9,902 10,964 471 Cod Atlantic 640 973 Lobster (Alive & Meat) 9,129 9,996 497 Sea Herring, kippers 913 599 Other 773 968 460 Other, all forms 297 473 458 Cured 6,665 4,549 322 Frozen for Bait and Animal Feed 10,978 11,303 Smoked 462 417 Herring 334 270 N Salted and Pickled Fish, Atl. Coast Other 128 147 Salted, Wet & Dried 5,456 3,456 Wet-salted - Total 40,272 55,071 Cod 4,692 2,463 Cod 27,736 44,275 Other 764 993 .00 Other 12,536 10,796 Pickled 747 676 .75 Dried - Total 13,500 11,215 Herring 424 407 .50 Cod 11,723 10,676 Mackerel 141 78 Other 1,777 539 Other 182 191 Boneless - Total 1,124 633 6,690 6,372 Cod 1,056 587 Canned 4,543 3,971 Other 68 46 Salmon, Pacific 795 964 Pickled - Total (barrels) 32,381 23,428 Sardines 1,268 Herring 7,908 5,414 Lobster 1,216 169 Mackerel 6,665 1,382 Other 136 Alewives 15,501 13,310 2,711 3,941 Turbot 2,307 3,322 Miscellaneous Meal 1, 118 2,385 164 235 .00 Bloaters (18 lb. boxes) 241,952 213,470 Oil 1,321 .00 Boneless Herring (10 lb. boxes) 10,923 8,396 Other 1, 429 .00 .00 -17- Fisheries News From Abroa Norwegian Fisheries Trends scientists and focus attention on the need to improve specialized research on sardines. erie( A total of 1,013,000 metric tons of fish was Food A section of the report dealing with "Pc :r- Nati( landed in the period from January 1 to September spective in Sardine Research" focusses attention on 19, 1959, as compared with 969,000 and 1,396,000 a number of special problems and indicates the lir ie metric tons during the same periods of 1958 and of approach that should be adopted. These inch de 1957, respectively. The fish processing industry, ence more extensive and intensive usee of modern tec ;h- biolo particularly filleting and freezing companies, be- niques and a more comprehensive approach to t he came increasingly concerned over the small quan- the r various aspects of the sardine problems. tity of fresh fish supplies in relation to production wate: capacity. According to a Government source, the erati The commercial importance of sardines and ogica industry is considering the acquisition of additional the continuing fluctuations in sardine stocks, re- fishing vessels and equipment. Norway's partici- thes e sulting in severe economic lo sses for fishermen, the a pation in the Iceland herring fishery is growing, and attracted world attention to the meeting. There the industry is being encouraged by the Government were participants from most of the countries con- to fish for more herring in the North Sea. cerned with sardine fisheries and observers from non-government and commercial organizations. At the conclusion of the meeting the participants took (Fooc U.N. Meeting on Sardines the unusual action of passing a resolution to thank Natio FAO for convening and running the meeting which Nine g ene r al recommendations to promote had been, the resolution stated, "a universal suc- rapid international exchange of information and data cess". that 1 obtained from research and other work on sardine prese problems have been made in the final report of the devel World Scientific Meeting on the Biology of Sardines Southwest African Pilchards highl and Related Species, which was held recently in has b Rome, Italy. For six years, from 1953, the pelagic sh oal relati fish (mostly pilchards) quota for Southwest Afric a's gaged The meeting, convened by the Food and Agri- Walvis Bay area has been fixed and maintained a to quate culture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) at steady 250,000 short tons a year. From 1959, he w- earn its Rome headquarters, was attended by more than ever, the annual quota is to be raised slightly fr orn behin, 50 experts from 26 countries. Some 60 scientific 250,000 to 260,000 tons. vance papers were presented. tries. The Head of the Fisheries Department s aid jor pr The objectives of the meeting were to ap- that this increase is a practical measure to incl ude pose praise the status of know le dge on the biology of a growing catch of maasbanker or jack mackere in great sardines, assess present methods of research and the quota. Although the Walvis Bay catch consi sts last f( indicate "the lines along which national and inter- almost entirely of pilchards, maasbanker do oc a- national action might be developed to improve re- sionally appear among the fish land e d. Two or search programmes." The papers, discussions and three years ago those fish accounted for only ab out prelir conclusions of the meeting are to be published in 1,000 tons of total landings, but the quantity in- indica book form. creased to some 6,000 tons last year. The addit ion great( to the quota will allow for this increase and a lso weigh The nine general recommendations of the extend the ceiling to both types of pelagic sh oal creasy me eting call for FAO leadership in pr omoting fish. report international co-operation in de a ling with sardine six la: problems. Specifically the scientists asked FAO to over publish an annotated bibliography on sardine re- U.S. Exports U.S.S search, a directory of sardine research institutions, than is and strengthen the w or k of producing synopses on United States exports of processed fish and same species of sardines and other fishes of economic shellfish in September 1959 were higher by 68.0 in the value. per cent in quantity and 137.5 per cent in value as was c compared with August 1959. Compared with the of the The meeting also c all e d on FAO to convene same month in 1958, the exports this September (the s were higher by 129.1 per cent in quantity and 192.3 "follow-up meetings on the biology of sardines" and of cat per cent in value due to sharply higher exports of on other species "for which major fisheries exist", State s relatively high-value canned salmon and a 112 per promote standardization of routine methods used in dom. cent increase in exports of California sardines. research programmes, exchange visits between one m

-18- Current Reading

nprove "The Application of Science to Inland Fish- Several of the medium-sized producers re- eries," by E.D. Le Oren, (Fisheries Study No. 8, corded significant increases in 1958, especially Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Denmark, Iceland and Peru. The latter country re- "Per- Nations, Rome, Italy. $0.50). ported an increase in landings of as much as 50 per don on cent. By the end of 1958, 37 countries had ratified lines This study considers the application of sci- the Convention on Fishing and the Conservation of nclude ence to fisheries from the viewpoint of fundamental the Living Resources of the High Seas, which had tech- biology. A catch of fish is the cropping by man of been agreed upon at the United Nations Conference to the the result of the activities of the organisms in the on the Law of the Sea held early in the year. The water and any f i s he ry must be based on consid- Convention established machinery for the examina- erations that include an understanding of the biol- tion of measures for the conservation and man- s and ogical pr oc esses involved. In this paper each of agement of fish stocks. This report deals briefly s, re- these biological processes and the final process of with international and national policies in relation rmen, the actual cropping are considered in turn. to fishery resources. There con- from s. At "The State of Food and Agriculture 1959," "Notes on Algae of Quebec ," by Lewis H. took 1, (Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Flint, (No. 19, Bulletin du Service de Biogeogra- thank Nations, Rome, Italy. $2.00). phie, University of Montreal, Montreal, P.Q.). which suc- The foreword to this extensive review states These notes relate to studies made on the al- that the most pressing problems of food at the gal flora to be found in Mont Tremblant and Lau- present time are centred in the economically less- rentide Provincial Parks in the Province of Que- developed countries of the world. In the more bec. The writer says that because the Mont Trem- highly-developed countries a level of productivity blant Park consists, for the most part, of a wilder- has been reached which makes it possible for the ness area with many streams unpolluted and in their shoal relatively small percentage of the population en- natural state, it is a region of continuing interest - ica' s gaged in agriculture to provide a nutritionally ade- for the specialist in various fields within the lif e data quate diet for the rest of the population, and also to sciences. Laurentide Park he found to afford un- how- earn incomes which, even though they usually lag usual opportunities for researches, including that f rom behind incomes in other occupations, are far in ad- into the potential biological role of algae in the nu- vance of those of farmers in less-developed coun- trition of larval brook trout. tries. In some instances, as is well known, a ma- said jor problem, and it is not a light one, is how to dis- clude pose of the abundant supplies resulting from the "Guide to Marine Vegetation Encountered -el in great advances in agricultural methods during the During Herring Spawn Surveys in Southern British sists last few decades. Columbia," by Donald N. Outram, (The Fisheries )cca- Re sear c h Board of Canada, Biological Station, ro or This report deals mainly with agriculture, but Nanaimo, B.C. Circular No. 44). about preliminary estimates given for fish and shellfish { in- indicate that the 1958 world catch was considerably Lition Pacific herring spawn in numerous bays along greater than in 1957 (33.4 million metric tons, live the British Columbia coastline each spring, depos- also weight, as against 29.96 million). Most of the in- iting their adhesive eggs on marine vegetation a- shoal crease was in mainland China, where production is bove and below the zero-tide level. If spawning is reported to have doubled. Of the remainder of the unusually heavy, other types of substrate such as six largest fish producing countries that account for shells, rocks and dockpilings may also be used. over one-half of total world production, only the Spawn survival studies have indicated that natural U.S.S.R. and Japan caught substantially more fish egg mortality is influenced to some extent by the than in 1957. The United States catch was about the location and type of substrate. Survival is not only and same as in 1957. The catch was somewhat smaller 68.0 greater on marine vegetation than on other kinds of in the United Kingdom, and in Norway production e as substrate but also greater on certain species of was considerably below customary levels because marine plants. the of the lower output of the winter herring fishery. aber (the six leading fish producing countries in volume Descriptions, accompanied by excellent illus- 92.3 of catch are mainland China, Japan, the United trations in colour, are given of eel-grass, surf- is of States, the U.S.S.R., Norway and the United King- grass, sea-moss and two sea-lettuces, rockweed, per dom. Canada, with an annual production of about two japweeds, Devil's apron, bull kelp, iridescent one million metric tons, usually ranks seventh.) seaweed and three red seaweeds.

- 19 - -11f1AleA. t COOKi NG FISH CAN BE REWARDING... WHEN you KNOW EXCITING 12,EUPESi li

Minted Broiled Pickerel . . . Filets Piquants . . . mouth-watering,

nutritious . . . downright delicious. These are just two of the many taste-tempting CANADIAN FISH recipes that await you in the pages of the new CANADIAN FISH COOK BOOK—prepared by the Department of Fisheries. Send for your copy now. Just fill out the coupon below. In co-operation with the Canadian fishing industry, the Department of Fisheries makes sure you get only the finest quality fish*. Vigilant inspection, PROCESSED UNDER educational programs, scientific research .. . GOVERNMENT all these mean you get only the highest of SUPERVISION quality when you buy Canadian fish. CANADA

*Look for these Government emblems of quality INSPECTED on fresh or frozen fish products ... DEPARTMENT OF FISHERIES OTTAWA, CANADA HON. J. ANGUS MACLEAN, M.P., MINISTER • GEORGE R. CLARK, DEPUTY MINISTER

CANADIAN FISH COOK BOOK 5: • How to Prepare • Over 50 illustrations • How to Buy co C-9 The Queen's Printer, Ottawa Please send me a copy of the Department of Fisheries' new CANADIAN FISH COOK BOOK. I enclose $1.

Name (Print in block letters)

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City or Town Prov un ap Department of Fisheries' Chief, Home Economics Section, J aiann p t a. m; i. z. ol :c