Aquarium Setup Guide Aqueon water care products are designed to provide effective solutions to setup and use. Simple to understand and apply, these products will help maintain the healthiest environment for your aquatic pets.

Aqueon nutrition products were developed with natural ingredients and colors, making it easy to keep healthy and energetic. Table of Contents

1) Introduction 2) Location, Location, Location - site selection 3) The Well-Appointed Aquarium: Your Guide To Interior Decorating For Fish - picking out decor 4) Got Water? - adding water to your aquarium 5) The Magic of Filtration - installation and benefits of using an Aqueon filter 6) Should Be Warm, But Not Fuzzy - heater installation and temperature settings 7) Some Light On the Subject - proper lighting 8) Getting Your Aquarium To Hit For the Cycle - a lesson in water chemistry 9) Let’s Go Fishing! - choosing and caring for your fish 10) Keep On Fishkeepin’ On - tips to clean and maintain your aquarium Chapter 1

Simple, Serene, Smart It’s all about the fish

An easy to maintain aquarium featuring platys and tetras can be colorful and entertaining. These extremely active species of fish coupled with smaller plants that will flow with the current will create a lively addition to your home or office. Chapter 1 Aquarium Keeping is For Everyone

I. Aquarium Keeping Is For Everyone

You are about to experience the home also builds self-confidence, It’s all about the fish joy and fascination of the home self-respect, self-esteem and a aquarium, which will bring beauty, sense of responsibility. serenity, physical and emotional And while these qualities are impor- well being along with a world of tant in the development of children, knowledge and wonderment to your they are also uplifting at any age. household. Education –Aquariums teach us Beauty – The well-kept home about the wondrous ways of nature aquarium enhances the warmth and and the intricacies of an entirely beauty of any room in the house that unique aquatic ecosystem. We learn it graces. It is art and it is science, the science of water chemistry and as it literally and figuratively brings how water supports life. We grow in life to any home. It is a natural our understanding of nutrition, social conversation piece and a source of conventions and orders and how pride for the whole family. to live in a diverse and challenging Serenity – An aquarium brings world where not everybody has the a sense of calm and entrancing same shape, coloration, fin length or peace of mind. A sparkling aquarium scale pattern. filled with lush plant life gently swaying in the current, a dazzling assortment of colorful, interesting or goldfish and a taste- ful array of man-made decorative objects and/or natural wood or stone will provide years of relaxation for all. Health – Numerous studies have found that aquarium- keeping (as well as general pet ownership) offers physiological benefits to us humans such as lower- ing blood pressure and easing stress. Emotionally, the successful care and nurturing of aquatic life in the Chapter 2 Location, Location, Location Chapter 2

II. Location, Location, Location

Quick Tips: Location • Do NOT place your aquarium near a window or door. • Do NOT place your aquarium where it will receive drafts or direct sunlight. • Make sure your aquarium is level and placed on an aquarium stand near an electrical outlet.

Some thought needs to go into where the aquarium will be placed. It’s important to get it right the first time, since moving an established (and full) aquarium is not recom- mended. Here are some guidelines: 1. Structural integrity – even the basic 10-gallon starter aquarium can weigh nearly 100 lbs. when filled with water, gravel, decorative objects, filtration, heating equip- ment, lighting and fish. Each gallon of water alone weighs just over eight pounds! So you’ve got to ask yourself one question; is the resting place for this aquarium built solidly enough to support this weight day in and day out for years to come? If you’ve acquired a metal stand or a cabinet designed to hold an aquarium, you’re already in While it is highly unlikely that the good shape. Aquarium stands are aquarium will break or develop intended to support the weight of leaks, water will escape the aquari- an aquarium and are the preferred um in small amounts as a byproduct base. Care may need to be taken to of the natural functions integral to protect the surface from water. the aquarium keeping hobby–water Location, Location, Location Chapter 2 Location, Location, Location

changing, glass cleaning, feeding, close proximity to an electrical filter replacement, adding/remov- outlet. ing fish, plants, heaters, decorative If you have an enclosed aquarium items, et. al. stand, you can mount a power strip 2. Give it Your Level Best – Your on the underside or an inside wall of aquarium must sit on a level the aquarium stand to provide some surface. A disparity in the amount protection from paws, little hands and water.

of water pressure on one surface of One of the best and simplest tools the aquarium walls could certainly that will enforce the separation of affect the structural integrity of the water and electricity is the “drip aquarium itself, and of the stand loop.” (see Fig. 1) The drip loop is upon which it rests. formed by ensuring that the power 3. Here’s a Shock – Water and cords leading into the outlet ap- Electricity Don’t Mix – Since some proach the outlet from underneath of your aquarium equipment (light- the plug socket. If water drips down ing, filtration, heating, aeration and a power cord it will fall off at the perhaps some decorative elements) upward bend in the cord, never requires electricity to operate, your making it to the electrical outlet. aquarium should be placed within Chapter 2 Location, Location, Location Chapter 3

4. Smokin’ Hot Aquarium: Exposed! inherently too warm, too cold or – You can keep your aquarium in subject to changes in temperature. a room exposed to natural light, Temperature consistency is impor- but not in direct exposure to the tant in aquarium keeping, applying sun. Keep the aquarium out of and both to the liquid environment and away from windows. Too much to the ambient air temperature. sunlight creates two problems in Your is designed an aquarium – water overheating to operate in a stable, temperature- and excess growth of unsightly, controlled ambient environment. unhealthy algae. Most importantly, your fish are 5. Don’t be Daft – Avoid The Draft – accustomed to a narrow range of Keep the aquarium away from chills, water conditions, including a stable drafty locations, and open windows. temperature that does not fluctuate. Avoid areas of the home that are

The right location is a key component in the success of any home aquarium. Location, Location, Location Chapter 3 The Well-Appointed Aquarium

III. The Well-Appointed Aquarium—Your Guide To Interior Decorating For Fish

Quick Tips: Decorating • Choose a (gravel) suited to the type of fish you will be keeping. • Rinse the substrate thoroughly before adding to the aquarium. • Place appropriate decor in the aquarium.

Filling an aquarium with all the and fish habits and size. Gravel color fixins’ and trappings of home is a is usually just a matter of taste and majorly fun part of establishing a aesthetics. habitat for fish from all over the Other popular substrate materials world. And not only are aquarium aside from natural gravel include accoutrements fun, but they’re glass marbles or beads, sand and functional, too. aragonite (crushed coral). These last 1. Let’s start at the bottom, with the two are used almost exclusively in material we will use to create what saltwater aquariums as they raise is called the substrate of the aquari- the pH (more later about pH) of the um. Most of the time, natural gravel aquarium water to a level that is too is the most desirable, but there are high for most freshwater fish. other acceptable choices depending on other factors, such as whether live plants are to be grown and the size and species of fish to be kept. Gravel is available in varying sizes and colors. The correct gravel size (which pertains to the average size of each pebble) usually depends on personal preference, plant life, Chapter 3 The Well-Appointed Aquarium Chapter 3

Regardless of the type of substrate Although live plants require more you choose, be sure to thoroughly attention, when properly cared for rinse loose dirt and debris out of it they help create a healthier aquatic before adding it to the aquarium, home for your fish and give the even if the product claims to be aquarium a more natural look. Your pre-cleaned. Rinse the gravel in a aquatics professional can recom- bucket until the water that you pour mend the right kind of plants for out of the bucket runs clear. Do not your level of experience and the use soap or any other cleansers! type of habitat that you are trying to 2. Do you want to grow live plants create. Your retailer can also provide in your aquarium? Maybe not to you with the equipment and ac- start out with, but perhaps later as cessories that you may need to get you become more comfortable with the best results from your aquatic aquarium-keeping. If you choose gardening, items such as proper to go the artificial route, there is no lighting and plant nutritive products. shortage of lifelike flora to add to The benefits of live plants in the the aquarium. aquarium include higher levels of Today’s artificial aquarium plants are diffused oxygen during daylight highly-detailed replicas of their real- hours (so fish can breathe easier) life counterparts, and are designed and lower nitrate levels. Live plants to look and move as if they were the are also an excellent source of real deal. supplementary nutrition for your fish while also providing them with hiding places and even spawning grounds. 3. There has never been a better time to delve into the fascinating world of aquarium decorating, since there is now what seems to be a limitless selection of decorative items for the aquarium that offer both fun and function. These items vary in style from the outlandish and highly imaginative, to ultra-realistic replicas of natural objects. There are basically three modes Some synthetic decorations can to choose from (or mix and match) look very realistic and still – the completely unnatural look; the be affordable. The Well-Appointed Aquarium Chapter 3 The Well-Appointed Aquarium

natural look utilizing highly detailed group we include artificial driftwood, man-made artifacts of nature; and rocks, coral, plants and caves. These the real deal, consisting of mother nature’s finest handiwork. Let’s start with what we’ll call the “Wild By Nature” look, consisting of all of those castles, deep sea divers, skulls, volcanoes, sunken ships, treasure chests, ceramic mermaids and of course that “Sushi Bar” sign. All of these are fun, but not necessarily frivolous. For example, the so-called action ornaments that are operated by an air pump can help increase the oxygen level in the water, assist in water circulation and help stimulate gas products offer similar benefits to your exchange at the aquarium surface. fish – shelter, safety and territorial Larger ornaments in general (espe- establishment. cially those that are hollow and have entry and exit portals for the fish) For the aquarist desiring a completely can serve as hiding places and as natural-looking aquascape and the territorial shelters for your fish, both ability to assemble rock of which are extremely important to formations, caves and woodwork to a well-balanced aquatic community exact specifications without the cave- and the well-being of your fish. ats of Mother Nature’s creations, this is the way to go. Advantages of going The next category is what we will man-made include easier cleaning, refer to as “Art Imitating Life.” less chance of altering water chem- This group consists of man-made istry, and being more environmentally products that mimic nature, offering responsible by leaving Mother Nature the appearance of reality. In this in, well, Mother Nature. Chapter 3 The Well-Appointed Aquarium Chapter 4

Our third grouping is what we will On the plus side, attempting to rep- term “The Real Thing.” It’s sticks licate a certain aquatic environment and stones, driftwood, rocks, slate, by decorating with natural objects seashells, snail shells, pebbles, coral that are indigenous to that environ- skeletons and even some exotic ment will help maintain water conditions that are friendly to the fish species that are ac- customed to that environ- ment. For example, adding natural driftwood to a South American river aquarium filled with fish from that particular region can help keep the pH at the right level for those fish. The same can be said about calcified rocks and even coral skeletons added to the décor of an African aquarium. Keeping a natural aquarium requires a more thorough cleaning process, espe- wood formations. All of these items cially for driftwood with its porous offer the ultimate in realism and composition; and the likely need natural beauty. It’s always best to to perform more frequent water buy items that have been processed checks and water changes, due to and prepared for aquarium use and the impact of natural substances on purchased through your aquat- water chemistry. ics retailer. Items not intended for aquarium use may contain sealants, dyes or coatings that may leech harmful substances into aquarium water. Any natural items that you buy for the aquarium, especially driftwood, should be thoroughly rinsed and stripped of any dirt or debris that may add contaminants to the aquarium. The Well-Appointed Aquarium Chapter 4 Got Water?

IV. Got Water?

Quick Tips: Adding Water • Being careful not to disrupt the substrate and placed decor, fill the aquarium with water. • Add necessary water conditioners to dechlorinate or treat the water. • Test the water’s pH. Adjust as needed.

On first glance fish seem to be quiet aquatic companions. Your aquatics and easygoing creatures, but actu- retailer has both the products and ally they’re quite particular about the knowledge to help you make their environment. That’s why water that happen. Let’s consider one of quality must be the first priority. the most common problems with Water is their world; it is the air they tap water and how to breathe (actually, the oxygen that resolve it: they extract). Chlorine – great The water you deposit into your for your swimming aquarium will likely be from your pool, bad for your home, and in most cases, that’s fish – Chlorine is a okay. Tap water can contain a disinfectant that is smorgasbord of chemicals, miner- used by the water als, metals, and microorganisms. authority to help Your tap water can range from make tap water very soft to very hard, from low to safe for drinking, high pH. If you’re curious, check cleaning and cook- with your local water authority ing use. Chlorine - they can easily provide you with is, however, toxic an analysis of your tap water. If you to fish. There are have well water, your local aquatics many commercially retailer can likely perform these available dechlorinators that can simple tests for you. make tap water safe for fish. Thanks to water conditioning Chloramine is a combination of products, your tap water can be chlorine and ammonia, which is quickly rendered quite safe for your more stable and longer-lasting in Chapter 4 Got Water? Chapter 4

the local water supply, hence its the filtration system or cause it attractiveness as a disinfectant with to overgrow denitrifying bacteria, more staying power. Chloramine leading to a bacteria bloom in the represents a substantially greater aquarium (cloudy water, oxygen- danger to aquarium fish than chlo- starved fish). In an aquarium with rine alone. However, this problem a high pH (alkaline), any ammonia is easily solved by utilizing the right present will have far more damag- water conditioning product. Aqueon ing effects on the fish. Water Conditioner is formulated to handle both chlorine and chloramine while also promoting a fish’s natural slime coating. Getting your PhD in pH Simply put, pH is the measure of water’s acidity or alkalinity. The lower the number, the more acidic the water. Soft water tends to be more acidic, hard water more alkaline. Some types of aquariums require a higher pH level, while others, espe- cially those containing live plants, do A simple test kit will tell you when better with water that is softer and it’s time for a water change. more acidic (low pH). The pH level in an aquarium tends But in most cases, it’s better for to lower naturally over time, and aquarium water to be slightly more is best maintained at a safe level acidic than alkaline. The main by frequent water changes. Your reason is that ammonia becomes aquarium décor can affect pH exponentially more toxic as the levels. Natural wood and plants can alkalinity level rises. Where does this have a lowering effect on pH, while ammonia come from? Mostly from coral skeletons, some stones and fish waste, respiration and from substrates like aragonite or crushed decaying food and other organic coral will raise pH or help keep matter in the aquarium. While the existing pH levels high. aquarium’s filtration system, when working properly, will convert this One of the most important tools that ammonia into an inert substance, you will need is a pH test kit, which too much ammonia can overwhelm your aquatics retailer can help you select. They are easy to use, accu- Got Water? Chapter 4 Got Water?

rate and generally inexpensive. The 5. When the water level reaches 2-3 pH test kit is an especially useful inches above the gravel, stop adding indicator of when it’s the right time water. Now is the time to add your for a water change. decorative items, heater, aeration Fill ‘er up! equipment and filtration. Do not plug There comes a very exciting mo- in any of the electrical items. ment when setting up that new 6. When all of the interior work aquarium, the time to finally “just has been done, resume filling the add water”. The best way to go aquarium most of the rest of the about this is to follow these steps way, again taking care to do so in order: slowly and evenly, so as not to dis- 1. Confirm that the aquarium is rupt your decorative handiwork. Do located exactly where it is to be not fill all the way to the top. Leave anchored. Do not, under any circum- about an inch of clear glass at the stances, try to fill an aquarium with top. You will top it off after fish have water, gravel or decorations and been added. then move it. 7. When everything has been 2. After thoroughly rinsing out dirt, safely and precisely located in the dust and debris from your substrate aquarium, and all tubes, hosework (usually gravel), add it to the and wires are properly connected, aquarium and smooth it out. At this move on to chapers 5-7 to learn point, do not add decorative items, how to setup the Aqueon Power Fil- heating, aeration or filtration equip- ter, the Aqueon Submersible Heater ment—just gravel. and lighting. 3. Figure out how you’re going to Your aquarium is now almost set-up, get the water into the aquarium, but not yet ready for fish. Sorry–we whether it’s with a hose or a good know how frustrating that can be. old-fashioned bucket. Once the filter, heater and lights are running, it is best to allow your 4. When you’re ready, place a plate aquarium to sit for a couple of days. or a saucer in the center of the This lag time gives the filter the aquarium, and let the water enter chance to clear up any remaining the aquarium by gently dispersing sediment from the setup process, off of the plate or saucer. This will and allows the submersible heater keep disruption of the gravel to a to stabilize the water temperature. minimum, lessening the possibil- ity of dust clouds, spillage and “splashage.” Chapter 5 The Magic of Filtration Chapter 5

V. The Magic of Filtration

Quick Tips: Filtration • Position your Aqueon power filter on the back of the aquarium. • Install the filter cartridge in the filter. • After the aquarium has been filled with water, plug in the filter to start it.

If there were any one reason why out harmful gasses and chemicals); aquarium keeping has become so and via a wet/dry filter that not easy for everyone to enjoy, it would only cleans biologically but also have to be the marvelous advances significantly improves oxygen levels in filtration technology. In size, ease in the aquarium. of use and maintenance, Your power filter will do affordability, efficiency, a splendid job longevity, quiet of keeping the operation and aquarium water reliability, the healthy for fish Aqueon Power and crystal Filter repre- clear for view- sents the state ing, provided of the art. that you follow Your Aqueon some simple Power Filter rules: don’t put is designed to too many fish clean and purify your in the aquarium; aquarium water in every way pos- don’t overfeed; remove uneaten sible: mechanically (by trapping and food, excess algae and decaying removing particulate matter such as organics; test the water weekly for food and plant matter); biologically pH and ammonia; change the filter (by supporting a colony of “good” cartridge on a monthly basis; and bacteria that process ammonia most of all, maintain a consistent and other waste by-products); schedule of partial water changes. chemically (activated carbon filters The Magic of Filtration Chapter 5 The Magic of Filtration

Good water quality goes together healthy for aquatic life includes with water clarity like peas and making sure that there is plenty carrots. Cloudy water is almost of dissolved oxygen for your fish always a sign of compromised to extract from the water. This is water quality. Clear water almost especially true in aquariums filled always means that the water is fine, with live plants and those that may but crystal clarity is not an absolute become a little overheated in the guarantee of optimal water quality. summer. Both situations can lead So keep up that water testing pro- to dangerously reduced dissolved gram and routine maintenance with oxygen levels, especially if the partial water changes. bio-load (fancy term for fish & plant Keeping your aquarium water occupancy level) is excessive. Your Aqueon Power Filter helps in- crease dissolved oxygen levels day and night by pumping more oxygen into water filtered through the wet/ dry stage, and by the filtered water’s exposure to air as it cascades out of the filter on its way back into the aquarium. Gas exchange is another benefit offered by the Aqueon Power Filter. It’s at the surface of the aquarium water that carbon dioxide escapes the aquarium, while oxygen enters. The exchange rate is enhanced by surface agitation, roiling up the water and generating subtle currents that move these gases into and out of the aquarium with increased efficiency. The stirring of the water’s surface by the water return portion of the filter helps move this process along. Chapter 6 Aquariums Should Be Warm, But Not Fuzzy Chapter 6

VI. Aquariums Should Be Warm, But Not Fuzzy

Quick Tips: Temperature • Position your Aqueon heater on the back wall of the aquarium (if included). • Use suction cups to secure the heater on the aquarium wall near good water circulation. • The heater can be fully submersed in the water.

The time-honored temperature standard for the community tropical aquarium is 76° Fahrenheit. Your job is to see to it that the water temperature stays close to this tem- perature. Any temperature variation must occur gradually, and extreme cold or hot temperatures should not be tolerated for long time periods. Temperature control is again part of the reason why aquariums should not be placed under skylights, next to windows or in drafty rooms. Every tropical aquarium should have a submersible heater installed to help keep the aquarium water at that agreeable 76° temperature. The Aqueon Submersible Heater is designed as a “set it and forget is just after the first few inches it” heater that will provide precise of water have been added to the aquarium temperature control for aquarium, and before you’ve added many years. decorative objects and plants. Place Installing an Aqueon Submersible the heater about two inches above Heater: The right time to place the the gravel bed, affixing het suction submersible heater in the aquarium cups to the back wall of the aquarium. Chapter 6 Aquariums Should Be Warm, But Not Fuzzy

The heater can be positioned with the room, it may take several hours any orientation, but should be for the aquarium to stabilize at the placed where there is good water desired temperature. flow to ensure even circulation Aqueon heaters are made of of warmth. After positioning and shatter-resistant glass and feature attaching the heater, you can then rubber ends making them extremely arrange decorations in front of the durable. The only heater to hide it from obvious maintenance your view. However, heater should it’s a good ever require is idea to leave an occasional a small viewing wipe-down and a area in front of the indicator scrub-down of the lamp on the heater so that you can perform a quick suction cups. Finally, spot check on its operation remember to never through the aquarium operate the heater glass. unless it is properly sub- merged. Do not plug in the Set the temperature dial heater until the aquarium on the heater to the 76° has been mark and use a ther- filled and mometer to monitor the heater the temperature of the has been properly secured in aquarium over time. place, fully submerged. At initial setup, check the thermometer for the tempera- ture every 15 or 20 minutes and gradually adjust the tempera- ture knob ac- cordingly to achieve the desired aquar- ium temperature. Depending on the starting water temperature and the temperature of Chapter 7 Some Light On the Subject Chapter 8

VII. Some Light On the Subject

Quick Tips: Lighting • Place included hood and strip light on top of the aquarium, plug in and turn on.

The majority of aquariums are lit while some algae in the aquarium with fluorescent lighting, a much is a good thing, too much algae is cooler and more energy-efficient unsightly, hard to clean and an oxy- source of light energy than incan- gen thief at night. You can automate descent lighting. Fluorescent lamps the day-night cycle with the use of mounted in a protective and decora- a timer that you can get at most tive hood will provide the best light, aquarium stores. showing fish in their true and full The average fluorescent tube light colors while providing output in the loses its most beneficial qualities spectrums that can support natural after about one year of average use, plant life. so replace them from time to time, For the physiological well being of even if they still work. your fish, keep roughly the same If you are growing live plants in, day-night cycle that is observed or have a saltwater aquarium, you in your home. Keep the aquarium have some very special lighting lights on during the day and turn needs that are beyond the scope them off in the evening. Light is also of this book. Your aquatics retailer, food for the growth of algae and though, will have all the answers. Some Light On the Subject Chapter 8 Getting Your Aquarium To Hit For the Cycle

VIII. Getting Your Aquarium To Hit For the Cycle

Quick Tips: The Nitrogen Cycle • Fish waste buildup will make water unsuitable for fish, so test the water regularly. • Your Aqueon filter, frequent water changes and some simple routine maintenance will keep fish happy and healthy.

One of the many wonders of aquar- the decay of uneaten food and ium keeping is the almost magical other organic matter. Ammonia is a way in which filtration and nature guaranteed fish killer and worthy of work together to keep aquarium a zero-tolerance policy. Fortunately, water pure, safe and life-sustaining. there are bacteria (named nitro- This is called the nitrogen cycle - a somonas) that thrive by processing multi-step process in which toxic (oxidizing) ammonia. These bacteria waste substances in the aquarium (not harmful to humans) are actually are biologically converted into far carried on the fish, so by including less harmful substances. fish in your aquarium you are help- ing to seed the biological filtration In the aquarium, there are two types portions of your power filter. of bacteria that neutralize toxic sub- stances in aquarium water, and your Your retailer can recommend hardier Aqueon Power Filter is designed to fish that can tough out the break-in encourage the growth of both of period as the aquarium initially cy- these bacteria. cles. As more ammonia is generated in the new aquarium, the bacteria Before adding fish to the aquarium, have more food for growth and soon let’s describe how the nitrogen cycle outgrow the output of ammonia to works utilizing these de-nitrifying the point that when the filter and bacteria: aquarium have matured, ammonia 1. The most toxic naturally-occur- is processed almost immediately. ring substance in the aquarium 2. These de-nitrifying bacteria do is ammonia. It is a by-product of generate their own “waste product” fish waste, fish respiration and when processing ammonia. Chapter 8 Getting Your Aquarium To Hit For the Cycle Chapter 8

It is important to do frequent partial water changes to support the nitrogen cycle.

This secondary nitrogen-based toxin and nitrite into nitrate. That com- is called nitrite. And while far less pletes the nitrogen cycle. But what harmful to fish in the short run, it about the nitrate? Nitrate is only is still a fish-killer when allowed to harmful to fish when it accumulates linger and accumulate. in large amounts. However, there are usually no bacteria present that That’s where the second of the will process nitrates. one-two bacterial punch comes in. Another de-nitrifying bacterium There are ideally two ways to deal (named nitrobacter) processes with nitrate. Live plants and algae nitrite, and these bacteria also will use nitrates as a fertilizer. Of take root in the biological filtration course, where algae are concerned, system over time. The by-product of that’s both a solution and a problem. the bacterial processing (reduction) Too much nitrate will soon lead to of nitrite is another nitrogenous too much algae. The best way to substance, nitrate. keep nitrate at minimum levels is via the regular water change. That 3. So far, our good bacteria have will physically remove the nitrate- broken down ammonia into nitrite laden water. Chapter 8 Getting Your Aquarium To Hit For the Cycle

On average, the nitrogen (or break- will rise, and then as the nitrite level in) cycle should take about a month falls the nitrate level will rise. When to reach full maturity. During that your tests indicate no ammonia and month, the water in the aquarium nitrite, the cycle is complete. Aside may become cloudy, and fish may from regular testing and frequent struggle to thrive. Throughout the water changes, your other best cycling process it is necessary to practice when cycling the aquarium test the aquarium water daily for is to keep the fish stocking level pH, ammonia, nitrite and nitrate low, and to avoid overfeeding. Even levels and use frequent (sometimes after the aquarium has stabilized, daily), small (10%) water changes to increase the fish population slowly manage water parameters. You will and gradually and only up to the notice as the days go by that as the numbers that are suitable for your ammonia level falls, the nitrite level aquarium size. Chapter 9 Let’s Go Fishing! Chapter 9

IX. Let’s Go Fishing!

Quick Tips: Adding Fish • Decide what fish you’d like in your aquarium. It’s best to start with hardier species. • Acclimate your fish before releasing them. • Add fish gradually over the course of a few months to get to the desired amount. Do not add all at once.

Let’s look at facts about fish that is always the best course of action. should factor into your fish adoption Often, your aquatics retailer can process: provide the necessary information. 1. Size and amount of fish –There Other factors that may impact fish have always been “rules of thumb” selection include swimming habits for figuring out how much fish can and compatibility. There are larger comfortably inhabit a given aquar- fish that move slowly and hover ium size. Recommendations are in the middle of the aquarium, like often expressed either in number the angelfish. While fish like danios of fish or total number of “inches of are frenetic finners and darters fish” per gallon of aquarium water. that tend to stay near the waters For the , a safe surface. And spend the bulk number might be one fish or one of their time actively foraging along inch of fish per gallon of water. But the bottom. Selecting fish that use the mature size of each fish also different parts of the water column needs to be considered. that can limit any potential competition stay small, like tetras can often for niche and potentially increase be kept ten or more in a 10 gallon the total number of fish possible. aquarium, but one (or ten) ten inch Aquarium capacity rules can usually fish in a ten gallon aquarium would be stretched somewhat if the inten- not be suitable. Obviously, they are tion is to keep only small tetras and called “rules of thumb” for a reason. catfish, and other fish that generally There are many other factors that are peaceful, community fish. Many impact suitable bio-load for an of these fish do best when kept in aquarium. Learning about the needs schools, anyway. of a specific fish before purchasing Let’s Go Fishing! Chapter 9 Let’s Go Fishing!

2. Habitat, sweet habitat – yes, tropical with your fish come from your aquatics representatives from every continent retailer. But beyond that, what part of the world, it will not be possible to of the world did they previously call replicate water conditions that will home? Rocky, alkaline African lakes, meet every fishes’ exact require- or murky, driftwood tannin-tinged ments. That’s why a community Amazon River estuaries? Did they aquarium owner should shoot for a inhabit overheated Thai rivers, cold, happy medium, establishing condi- fast-flowing water in China or quiet, tions that will not be too extreme for calm lakes? Even if they were raised any species. on the fish farm, they were most Fortunately, fish are very adaptable likely weaned in waters conditioned to a new set of living conditions as to simulate their natural homes. long as they have the time to adjust The question is, how far do you and that the adjustment is not too need to go to also simulate their far off their genetic preferences. natural homes? If you’re keeping a Chapter 9 Let’s Go Fishing! Chapter 9

Although fish that have to adapt to mouth, like the fancy guppy, mid- non-native conditions may not water fish have mouths that face exhibit the same behavior modes that forward, like Angelfish, while bot- they would in nature, they shouldn’t tom-dwellers have mouths that face experience a decline in health. south, like catfish. You should have You should always fish food that is for- ask your aquatics re- mulated for each level tailer for advice before of feeder: floating bringing home a food for the new fish. The top-feed- retailer will let ers, slowly you know if your sinking aquarium is right food for for the fish, and the mid- what special require- feeders, and ments may need to be pelleted, heavier, considered. sinking food for the bottom dwellers 3. Compatibility (although – making sure most fish everyone gets will gladly along swim- accept mingly – Keep- any food ing an aquarium that finds in which most of the it’s way to their fish co-habitate well part of the water is not only best for column). the fish, but also much more relaxing When you have and enjoyable balanced for aquarium out your viewers. One of fish col- the best ways to lection to ensure compat- represent ibility is to aim for the all three layers three-level aquarium, of swimmers, the which consists of visual effect is quite equal amounts of top-swimming, striking, and there mid-water and bottom-dwelling fish. is order and peace in the aquarium Top swimmers will have an upturned since each type has their own level. Let’s Go Fishing! Chapter 9 Let’s Go Fishing!

Another way to enhance compatibil- floating and sinking food (palletized ity is to have plenty of hiding places and/or tablet) for the top and bottom in the aquarium with decorative feeders. You can, but do not have to objects placed in a way that fish can feed your fish every day. A feeding establish territories or safe zones. schedule of three-to-four times per Fish that have nowhere to retreat week will usually do. are highly stressed and eventually Feed your fish in very small incre- unhealthy fish. The size and shape ments per session, with 2-3 feeding of the aquarium is also a factor in sessions each feeding day. Smaller, compatibility. It should have lateral more frequent meals work better for room for the active, fast swimmers them. Watch each feeding session and depth top to bottom for the fish to its completion and observe if that move up and down. every fish is getting a fair shot at the When adding a new aquatic dweller, food. Feeding your fish a varied diet ask your aquatics specialist about allows for a happier fish with full fin nutritional requirements, tempera- and color display. Do not however ment and aggressiveness. Over- use “people” food or unprocessed crowding and poor water conditions foods. will also work against compatibility. 4. The Low Maintenance Fish –If you are a beginner, choose fish that are hardy, who are not finicky feeders, that can tough out less than ideal water conditions. These fish also happen to be some of the most attractive and cordial fish for the community aquarium –some tetras, swordtails, loaches, some small barbs, mollies, platies, gup- pies, plecos and cory . Buy a good, name- brand quality flake food, and replace it when it no longer looks or smells fresh. Supplement the flake food with Chapter 10 Keep On Fishkeepin’ On!

X. Keep On Fishkeepin’ On!

Quick Tips: Adding Fish • Perform regular partial water changes. • Replace the filter cartridge monthly. • test your water regularly.

Once your aquarium is established special-needs fish. there really isn’t much maintenance Once a month, check for areas involved on a daily basis. where water may be splashing out Every day, do a quick fish head and check the electrical connec- count, remove any fish that have tions for signs of water exposure moved on, check the water tem- and make sure that all electrical perature and level and make sure cords still utilize the drip loop safety the filtration system is operating method. smoothly without obstruction. And Check all filter media for cleanliness feed them, of course. and obstruction. Replace filter car- Once a week, clean the exterior tridges. Rinse all biological medias glass surfaces and the glass cover in water from the aquarium only that sits under the lighting hood. To - do not rinse in tap water. Swap avoid getting soap or chemicals in out about 20% of the water volume the aquarium water, spray cleaners for fresh, de-chlorinated water. This directly on cloth, not the aquarium. will keep pollutants at bay without To remove algae film, wipe down drastically altering the good aspects the inside glass using an aquarium of your aquarium’s water chemistry. scraper, magnetic cleaner or simply Try to match the water temperature a clean soft sponge free from any of the incoming and outgoing water chemicals or dyes. Check the as best as you can. aquarium’s water level and replace The water change should be done any evaporation by topping with in conjunction with a good gravel dechlorinated water. vacuuming. The Aqueon Water Every other week, test the water. Changer is ideal for this purpose. Ammonia, pH, nitrite and nitrate, Vacuuming the gravel bed free of hardness too, if you are growing debris will help keep the aquarium live plants or hosting sensitive or trouble-free for years to come. Enjoy Your New Aquatic World!

The world of aquarium fish keep- on the Internet, and your aquatics ing is actually an entire universe retailer can introduce you to books of expanded knowledge about and videos about fish keeping. You math, biology, nature, science and can even consider joining a local sociology, and a valuable source of hobbyist group, of which there are personal growth and wisdom about many. No matter how far you take the secrets of life itself. It is an your participation in this wondrous educational opportunity for all age hobby, you will always come away groups. There is a limitless supply of with the feeling that your life has information about aquarium keeping been enhanced and enriched.

If you have any additional questions, or would like to learn more about specific fish species, habitats, plantlife, etc., see your local aquatics retailer. The Possibilities Are Endless...

Aquariums come in many different sizes and styles. A bow front aquarium gives the viewer a unique perspective into the aquatic environment. Saltwater setups, like the one shown here, can take years to fully develop, but the rewards are well worth the time and effort you put into it. There is life in every nook and cranny of the aqaurium - from the colorful to the fascinating and sometimes bizarre fleshy corals.

A 90 gallon or greater freshwater aquarium containing African can liven up a room by adding beautiful matching and lots of movement from these colorful, active fish. Sizable rocks and native broad- leaved plants can be used to flush out the background. The Aqueon Aquarium Water Changer was developed to make routine water changes and vacuuming gravel easy and efficient for any level aquarist.

Elements Furniture Collection The clean and simple lines of the Elements Collection from Aqueon brings an easy, mix- able sophistication to fit your lifestyle. Home Impressions Furniture Collection

Design and style have been combined with ultimate functionality in the Home Impressions furniture collection from Aqueon. For more information visit www.aqueonproducts.com

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