MINISTRY OF AGRICULTURE LAND AND FISHERIES
RESEARCH DIVISION CENTRAL EXPERIMENT STATION CENTENO
Seim(Lablab purpureus L. Sweet.)
Varieties Grown in Trinidad and Tobago
A GUIDE TO DESCRIPTION AND PRODUCTION POTENTIAL
(SeimLablab purpureus L. Sweet.)
Varieties Grown in Trinidad and Tobago
A GUIDE TO DESCRIPTION AND PRODUCTION POTENTIAL
Researched by the Vegetables Unit, Research Division, Ministry of Agriculture, Land and Fisheries.
Written by: Albada Beekham, Deputy Director
Contributors/Editors: Dale Nandlal, Director of Research, Cynthra Persad (Director, Retired), Suenarine Persad (Technical Officer, Retired)
Photography Albada Beekham, Richard Ramdin, Tamika Jackson, Zaheer Juman Special Thanks to the Staff of the Vegetables Unit
Richard Ramdin Louis Farrell Maywalal Samaroo Zaheer Juman Tamika Jackson Shaana Nandlal Krishna Sayneeram Mark Fong Yit Majorie Sawh-Walker
© Copyright 2017 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, transmitted in any form without the written permission of the Research Division, Ministry of Agriculture, Land and Fisheries, Trinidad and Tobago.
DESIGN AND LAYOUT BY RAW DESIGNS
ii PREFACE
This booklet was written to guide researchers, farmers and consumers on the different varieties of seim grown in Trinidad. This economically important legume crop is underutilized since very little information is available on its growth habit, yield and biochemical characteristics.
In 2006, Kamaldeo Maharaj (Director, Retired) and Susan Mootoo (Agricultural Officer ,I) initiated a collection exercise of seim varieties grown in Trinidad. Seeds of two (2) accessions were viable and used in this study. In 2007 the Vegetables Unit, Research Division, began a characterization project to collect and evaluate lines found in Trinidad. By 2009, the Vegetables Unit had collected 15 accessions, three of which were duplicates.
This project to study, evaluate and characterize the twelve (12) accessions was completed in 3 years. All of the accessions were established and characterized based on physical characters e.g. flowering pattern, weekly yield data, colour of flower and colour of pods. Additionally, biochemical data was also obtained on sweetness, crude fiber and protein content.
Images showing the plant, flowers and pods as well as graphs of the harvest data of each variety can be used to help farmers in selecting the appropriate variety for production. Breeders and researchers may also use this booklet in the development of new varieties.
A GUIDE TO DESCRIPTION AND PRODUCTION POTENTIAL iii
INTRODUCTION
Lablab purpureus (L.) Sweet or Seim as it is commonly called in Trinidad and Tobago is referred in other parts of the world as hyacinth bean, lablab bean, Indian bean, Egyptian kidney bean and lubia bean. Other synonyms include: Dolichos benghalensis Jacq., Dolichos lablab L., Dolichos purpureus L., Lablab niger Medikus, Lablab purpurea (L.) Sweet, Lablab vulgaris (L.) Savi, Vigna aristata Piper.
The center of origin of Seim is South Asia and Africa however over 200 genotypes are found worldwide. These varieties differ in pod colour, pod shape, pod size, seed shape, seed colour, flower colour, flower abundance, leaf shape, leaf size, hairiness, vine colour, plant growth habit and sensitivity to day length. Its introduction into Trinidad is uncertain but it is assumed to have arrived with the indentured workers from India in the late 1800’s.
Although twelve (12) varieties were collected in Trinidad, only three (3) are grown commercially by farmers.
This crop is very adaptable and survives well in diverse conditions, for example: arid, semi-arid and humid regions, warm-temperate, subtropical and humid rainforest regions, lowlands and highlands (up to 2,100m altitude). It can be grown well in soils ranging from 4.4 to 7.8 pH. For this study, all twelve varieties were planted in June (rainy season).
In Trinidad, the immature and mature pods are harvested and cooked as a green vegetable. Other green leguminous vegetables grown and eaten in Trinidad include bodi (Vigna sp.) and green beans (Phaseolus). Seim however has a very distinctive and characteristic smell and taste and retails for as much as 27.00TTD/kg (NAMDEVCO 2016). In other parts of the world, it is also used as a grain legume, a forage, an ornamental and as a green manure. Farmer saved seeds are normally used to multiply this crop. Increasing demand and crop value has led to expanded production.
This study is intended to guide production with respect to selection of varieties towards increasing yield while maintaining or improving nutritional content.
A GUIDE TO DESCRIPTION AND PRODUCTION POTENTIAL v CONTENTS
Preface iii
Introduction v
Graphs and Photographs vii
Variety LL01 10 - 11
Variety LL02 12 - 13
Variety LL03 14 - 15
Variety LL04 16 - 17
Variety LL05 20 - 21
Variety LL07 22 - 23
Variety LL08 24 - 25
Variety LL11 26 - 27
Variety LL13 30 - 31
Variety LL14 32 - 33
Variety LL15 34 - 35
Variety LL17 36 - 37
Summary of Varieties 38 - 39
References 40 GRAPHS AND PHOTOGRAPHS
Variety LL01 10
Variety LL02 12
Variety LL03 14
Variety LL04 16
Variety LL05 20
Variety LL07 22
Variety LL08 24
Variety LL11 26
Variety LL13 30
Variety LL14 32
Variety LL15 34
Variety LL17 36
A GUIDE TO DESCRIPTION AND PRODUCTION POTENTIAL vii The Seim is a domesticated pulse and multi-purpose crop, it is cited as forage for livestock, a medicinal plant and a poisonous plant. VARIETY: LL01 VARIETY: LL02
VARIETY: LL03 VARIETY: LL04 VARIETY: LL01
Average Yield / week - LL01 1800 1600 1400 1200 1000 800 Yield (g) 600 400 200 0 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 Duration of harvest (week)
10 SEIM - VARIETIES GROWN IN TRINIDAD AND TOBAGO VARIETY: LL01
MORPHOLOGICAL AND BIOCHEMICAL DATA
Growth pattern INDETERMINATE Pod attachment 30-90˚ DOWN to peduncle FROM ERECT Plant pigmentation NONE Pod curvature CURVED Plant hairiness SLIGHT
Vine colour LIGHT Avg. Yield/Plant (kg) 10 ± 0.7 GREEN Avg. no. seeds/pod 5 Twining tendency PRONOUNCED
Flower Pod colour (dry) DARK TAN colour-standard CREAM
Flower colour-keel CREAM Seed colour LIGHT BROWN Flower colour-wing CREAM Seed shape OVIOD Days to 1st harvest 117 days Testa texture SMOOTH Duration of harvest 196 days Avg. 100 seed Pod description SHORT AND weight (g) 27.22 NARROW Protein (% w/w) 4.5 Immature pod pigmentation NONE Total Invert Sugars (% w/w) 0.76 Pod colour (mature) LIGHT GREEN Crude Fiber (% w/w) 2.54 Avg. Pod length (mm) 86.01 ± 0.47 Total Cyanide (mg/kg) 0.48
Avg. Pod width (mm) 12.4 ± 0.07 Free Cyanide (mg/kg) 0.15
A GUIDE TO DESCRIPTION AND PRODUCTION POTENTIAL 11 VARIETY: LL02
Average Yield / week - LL02 1000 900 800 700 600 500
Yield (g) 400 300 200 100 0 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 Duration of harvest (week)
12 SEIM - VARIETIES GROWN IN TRINIDAD AND TOBAGO VARIETY: LL02
MORPHOLOGICAL AND BIOCHEMICAL DATA
Growth pattern INDETERMINATE Pod attachment 30-90˚ DOWN to peduncle FROM ERECT Plant pigmentation NONE Pod curvature SLIGHTLY Plant hairiness SLIGHT CURVED
Vine colour LIGHT Avg. Yield/Plant (kg) 11.8 ± 2.2 GREEN Avg. no. seeds/pod 5 Twining tendency PRONOUNCED
Flower Pod colour (dry) PALE TAN colour-standard WHITE OR STRAW
Flower colour-keel WHITE Seed colour LIGHT BROWN Flower colour-wing WHITE Seed shape OVOID Days to 1st harvest 68 days Testa texture SMOOTH Duration of harvest 203 days Avg. 100 seed Pod description BROAD AND weight (g) 32.3 FLAT Protein (% w/w) 3.33 Immature pod pigmentation NONE Total Invert Sugars (% w/w) 1.26 Pod colour (mature) LIGHT GREEN Crude Fiber (% w/w) 1.53 Avg. Pod length (mm) 91.43 ± 1 Total Cyanide (mg/kg) 0.74
Avg. Pod width (mm) 12.41 ± 0.36 Free Cyanide (mg/kg) 0.05
A GUIDE TO DESCRIPTION AND PRODUCTION POTENTIAL 13 VARIETY: LL03
Average Yield / week - LL03 600 500 400 300
Yield (g) 200 100 0 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 Duration of harvest (week)
14 SEIM - VARIETIES GROWN IN TRINIDAD AND TOBAGO VARIETY: LL03
MORPHOLOGICAL AND BIOCHEMICAL DATA
Growth pattern INDETERMINATE Pod attachment 30-90˚ DOWN to peduncle FROM ERECT Plant pigmentation NONE Pod curvature CURVED Plant hairiness SHORT APPRESSED HAIRS Avg. Yield/Plant (kg) 6.2 ± 1.1 Vine colour LIGHT
Twining tendency PRONOUNCED Avg. no. seeds/pod 5
Flower Pod colour (dry) DARK TAN colour-standard CREAM OR STRAW
Flower colour-keel CREAM Seed colour LIGHT BROWN Flower colour-wing CREAM Seed shape OVOID Days to 1st harvest 68 days Testa texture SMOOTH Duration of harvest 203 days Avg. 100 seed Pod description SHORT AND weight (g) 28.8 NARROW Protein (% w/w) 4.02 Immature pod pigmentation NONE Total Invert Sugars (% w/w) < 0.003 Pod colour (mature) LIGHT GREEN Crude Fiber (% w/w) 1.21 Avg. Pod length (mm) 75.01 ± 0.73 Total Cyanide (mg/kg) 1.20
Avg. Pod width (mm) 15.18 ± 0.2 Free Cyanide (mg/kg) 0.63
A GUIDE TO DESCRIPTION AND PRODUCTION POTENTIAL 15 VARIETY: LL04
Average Yield / week - LL04 1400 1200 1000 800 600 Yield (g) 400 200 0 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 Duration of harvest (week)
16 SEIM - VARIETIES GROWN IN TRINIDAD AND TOBAGO VARIETY: LL04
MORPHOLOGICAL AND BIOCHEMICAL DATA
Growth pattern INDETERMINATE Pod attachment 30-90˚ DOWN to peduncle FROM ERECT Plant pigmentation GREEN WITH SOME PURPLE Pod curvature SLIGHTLY CURVED Plant hairiness NONE Avg. Yield/Plant (kg) 16.7 ± 1.3 Vine colour MIXED GREEN AND PURPLE Avg. no. seeds/pod 5 Twining tendency PRONOUNCED Pod colour (dry) PALE TAN Flower OR STRAW colour-standard MAUVE Seed colour RED Flower colour-keel CREAM WITH BROWN PURPLE TIP Seed shape OVOID Flower colour-wing MAUVE Testa texture SMOOTH Days to 1st harvest 75 days Avg. 100 seed Duration of harvest 203 days weight (g) 31.07
Pod description BROAD AND FLAT Protein (% w/w) 3.08 Immature pod Total Invert pigmentation NONE Sugars (% w/w) < 0.003
Pod colour (mature) LIGHT GREEN Crude Fiber (% w/w) 1.30 Avg. Pod length (mm) 79.2 ± 0.47 Total Cyanide (mg/kg) 0.50
Avg. Pod width (mm) 25.02 ± 0.12 Free Cyanide (mg/kg) 0.23
A GUIDE TO DESCRIPTION AND PRODUCTION POTENTIAL 17 Seim leaves can be eaten raw or cooked like spinach. The flowers can be eaten raw or steamed. The root can be boiled or baked for food. The seeds are used to make tofu and tempeh. VARIETY: LL05 VARIETY: LL07
VARIETY: LL08 VARIETY: LL11 VARIETY: LL05
Average Yield / week - LL05 2500 1200 1000 800 600 Yield (g) 400 200 0 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 Duration of harvest (week)
20 SEIM - VARIETIES GROWN IN TRINIDAD AND TOBAGO VARIETY: LL05
MORPHOLOGICAL AND BIOCHEMICAL DATA
Growth pattern INDETERMINATE Pod attachment 30-90˚ DOWN to peduncle FROM ERECT Plant pigmentation PURPLE BY NODES Pod curvature SLIGHTLY Plant hairiness SHORT APPRESSED CURVED HAIRS Avg. Yield/Plant (kg) 15.6 ± 1.1 Vine colour MIXED GREEN AND PURPLE Avg. no. seeds/pod 5 Twining tendency PRONOUNCED Pod colour (dry) PALE TAN Flower OR STRAW colour-standard MAUVE Seed colour RED Flower colour-keel MIXED GREEN BROWN AND PURPLE Seed shape OVOID Flower colour-wing VIOLET Testa texture SMOOTH Days to 1st harvest 68 days Avg. 100 seed Duration of harvest 203 days weight (g) 27.98
Pod description NARROW AND Protein (% w/w) 3.57 SHORT Total Invert Immature pod Sugars (% w/w) 0.20 pigmentation NONE
Pod colour (mature) LIGHT GREEN Crude Fiber (% w/w) 1.72
Avg. Pod length (mm) 79.93 ± 0.58 Total Cyanide (mg/kg) 1.08
Avg. Pod width (mm) 17 ± 0.14 Free Cyanide (mg/kg) 0.86
A GUIDE TO DESCRIPTION AND PRODUCTION POTENTIAL 21 VARIETY: LL07
Average Yield / week - LL07 2500
2000
1500
Yield (g) 1000
500
0 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 Duration of harvest (week)
22 SEIM - VARIETIES GROWN IN TRINIDAD AND TOBAGO VARIETY: LL07
MORPHOLOGICAL AND BIOCHEMICAL DATA
Growth pattern INDETERMINATE Pod attachment 30-90˚ DOWN to peduncle FROM ERECT Plant pigmentation VERY SLIGHT Pod curvature SLIGHTLY Plant hairiness SLIGHT CURVED
Vine colour MIXED GREEN Avg. Yield/Plant (kg) 11.6 ± 0.8 AND PURPLE Avg. no. seeds/pod 5 Twining tendency PRONOUNCED
Flower Pod colour (dry) DARK TAN colour-standard MAUVE
Flower colour-keel CREAM WITH Seed colour RED PURPLE TIP BROWN
Flower colour-wing MAUVE Seed shape OVOID
Days to 1st harvest 124 days Testa texture SMOOTH
Duration of harvest 189 days Avg. 100 seed weight (g) 30.78 Pod description NARROW AND LONG Protein (% w/w) 5.12 Immature pod PIGMENTED Total Invert pigmentation SUTURES Sugars (% w/w) 0.87
Pod colour (mature) DARK GREEN Crude Fiber (% w/w) 2.46 Avg. Pod length (mm) 98.38 ± 0.33 Total Cyanide (mg/kg) 0.32
Avg. Pod width (mm) 13.95 ± 0.11 Free Cyanide (mg/kg) 0.02
A GUIDE TO DESCRIPTION AND PRODUCTION POTENTIAL 23 VARIETY: LL08
Average Yield / week - LL08 700
600
500
400
300 Yield (g) 200
100
0 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 Duration of harvest (week)
24 SEIM - VARIETIES GROWN IN TRINIDAD AND TOBAGO VARIETY: LL08
MORPHOLOGICAL AND BIOCHEMICAL DATA
Growth pattern INDETERMINATE Pod attachment 30-90˚ DOWN to peduncle FROM ERECT Plant pigmentation NONE Pod curvature CURVED Plant hairiness SLIGHT
Avg. Yield/Plant (kg) 6.5 ± 1.1 Vine colour GREEN
Twining tendency PRONOUNCED Avg. no. seeds/pod 5
Flower Pod colour (dry) PALE TAN colour-standard CREAM OR STRAW
Flower colour-keel CREAM Seed colour LIGHT BROWN Flower colour-wing CREAM Seed shape OVOID Days to 1st harvest 68 days Testa texture SMOOTH Duration of harvest 203 days Avg. 100 seed Pod description SHORT AND weight (g) 28.44 NARROW
Immature pod Protein (% w/w) 3.10 pigmentation NONE Total Invert Sugars (% w/w) 1.88 Pod colour (mature) LIGHT GREEN Crude Fiber (% w/w) 1.16 Avg. Pod length (mm) 77.88 ± 0.79 Total Cyanide (mg/kg) 0.34
Avg. Pod width (mm) 14.58 ± 0.23 Free Cyanide (mg/kg) 0.003
A GUIDE TO DESCRIPTION AND PRODUCTION POTENTIAL 25 VARIETY: LL11
Average Yield / week - LL11 1800 1600 1400 1200 1000 800 Yield (g) 600 400 200 0 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 Duration of harvest (week)
26 SEIM - VARIETIES GROWN IN TRINIDAD AND TOBAGO VARIETY: LL11
MORPHOLOGICAL AND BIOCHEMICAL DATA
Growth pattern DETERMINATE Pod attachment 30-90˚ DOWN to peduncle FROM ERECT Plant pigmentation EXTENSIVE Pod curvature SLIGHTLY Plant hairiness SHORT APPRESSED CURVED HAIRS Avg. Yield/Plant (kg) 5.9 ± 0.4 Vine colour PURPLE
Twining tendency PRONOUNCED Avg. no. seeds/pod 5
Flower Pod colour (dry) DARK TAN colour-standard MAUVE
Flower colour-keel CREAM WITH Seed colour RED PURPLE TIP BROWN
Flower colour-wing PURPLE Seed shape OVOID
Days to 1st harvest 124 days Testa texture SMOOTH
Duration of harvest 189 days Avg. 100 seed weight (g) 27.49 Pod description BROAD AND FLAT Protein (% w/w) 3.88 Immature pod PIGMENTED pigmentation SUTURES Total Invert Sugars (% w/w) < 0.003 Pod colour (mature) MIXED GREEN AND PURPLE Crude Fiber (% w/w) 1.69 Avg. Pod length (mm) 92.19 ± 0.54 Total Cyanide (mg/kg) 0.54
Avg. Pod width (mm) 18.92 ± 0.17 Free Cyanide (mg/kg) 0.03
A GUIDE TO DESCRIPTION AND PRODUCTION POTENTIAL 27 Other common names include Tonga bean, papaya bean, poor man bean (Australia), Bounavista pea (Trinidad), and butter bean (Caribbean). VARIETY: LL13 VARIETY: LL14
VARIETY: LL15 VARIETY: LL17 VARIETY: LL13
Average Yield / week - LL13 350 300 250 200 150 Yield (g) 100 50 0 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 Duration of harvest (week)
30 SEIM - VARIETIES GROWN IN TRINIDAD AND TOBAGO VARIETY: LL13
MORPHOLOGICAL AND BIOCHEMICAL DATA
Growth pattern INDETERMINATE Pod attachment 30-90˚ DOWN to peduncle FROM ERECT Plant pigmentation PRONOUNCED Pod curvature CURVED Plant hairiness SLIGHT
Avg. Yield/Plant (kg) 3.3 ± 0.3 Vine colour PURPLE
Twining tendency PRONOUNCED Avg. no. seeds/pod 5
Flower Pod colour (dry) TAN colour-standard MAUVE
Flower colour-keel CREAM WITH Seed colour RED PURPLE TIP BROWN
Flower colour-wing MAUVE Seed shape OVOID
Days to 1st harvest 68 days Testa texture SMOOTH
Duration of harvest 196 days Avg. 100 seed weight (g) 26.65 Pod description BROAD AND SHORT Protein (% w/w) 2.51 Immature pod Total Invert pigmentation NONE Sugars (% w/w) 1.26
Pod colour (mature) PURPLE Crude Fiber (% w/w) 0.97 Avg. Pod length (mm) 76.34 ± 0.64 Total Cyanide (mg/kg) 0.3
Avg. Pod width (mm) 18.93 ± 0.17 Free Cyanide (mg/kg) < 0.001
A GUIDE TO DESCRIPTION AND PRODUCTION POTENTIAL 31 VARIETY: LL14
Average Yield / week - LL14 1600 1400 1200 1000 800
Yield (g) 600 400 200 0 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 Duration of harvest (week)
32 SEIM - VARIETIES GROWN IN TRINIDAD AND TOBAGO VARIETY: LL14
MORPHOLOGICAL AND BIOCHEMICAL DATA
Growth pattern INDETERMINATE Pod attachment 30-90˚ DOWN to peduncle FROM ERECT Plant pigmentation EXTENSIVE Pod curvature SLIGHTLY Plant hairiness NONE CURVED
Vine colour PURPLE Avg. Yield/Plant (kg) 15.1 ± 1.1 Twining tendency PRONOUNCED Avg. no. seeds/pod 5 Flower colour-standard MAUVE Pod colour (dry) DARK TAN
Flower colour-keel CREAM WITH PURPLE Seed colour RED BROWN Flower colour-wing MAUVE Seed shape OVOID Days to 1st harvest 103 days Testa texture SMOOTH Duration of harvest 210 days Avg. 100 seed Pod description NARROW AND weight (g) 22.45 LONG Protein (% w/w) 3.69 Immature pod PIGMENTED pigmentation SUTURES Total Invert Sugars (% w/w) < 0.003 Pod colour (mature) MIXED GREEN AND PURPLE Crude Fiber (% w/w) 1.85 Avg. Pod length (mm) 99.91 ± 0.71 Total Cyanide (mg/kg) 0.35
Avg. Pod width (mm) 11.34 ± 0.06 Free Cyanide (mg/kg) < 0.001
A GUIDE TO DESCRIPTION AND PRODUCTION POTENTIAL 33 VARIETY: LL15
Average Yield / week - LL15 2000 1800 1600 1400 1200 1000
Yield (g) 800 600 400 200 0 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 Duration of harvest (week)
34 SEIM - VARIETIES GROWN IN TRINIDAD AND TOBAGO VARIETY: LL15
MORPHOLOGICAL AND BIOCHEMICAL DATA
Growth pattern INDETERMINATE Pod attachment 30-90˚ DOWN to peduncle FROM ERECT Plant pigmentation NONE Pod curvature SLIGHTLY Plant hairiness NONE CURVED
Avg. Yield/Plant (kg) 2.7 ± 0.9 Vine colour GREEN
Twining tendency PRONOUNCED Avg. no. seeds/pod 5
Flower Pod colour (dry) PALE TAN colour-standard CREAM OR STRAW
Flower colour-keel CREAM Seed colour BROWN
Flower colour-wing CREAM Seed shape OVOID Days to 1st harvest 166 days Testa texture SMOOTH Duration of harvest 210 days Avg. 100 seed Pod description BROAD AND weight (g) 36.8 LONG Protein (% w/w) 2.55 Immature pod pigmentation NONE Total Invert Sugars (% w/w) 2.87 Pod colour (mature) LIGHT GREEN Crude Fiber (% w/w) 1.58 Avg. Pod length (mm) 98.68 ± 0.84 Total Cyanide (mg/kg) < 0.001
Avg. Pod width (mm) 33.12 ± 0.37 Free Cyanide (mg/kg) < 0.001
A GUIDE TO DESCRIPTION AND PRODUCTION POTENTIAL 35 VARIETY: LL17
Average Yield / week - LL17 1600 1400 1200 1000 800
Yield (g) 600 400 200 0 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 Duration of harvest (week)
36 SEIM - VARIETIES GROWN IN TRINIDAD AND TOBAGO VARIETY: LL17
MORPHOLOGICAL AND BIOCHEMICAL DATA
Growth pattern INDETERMINATE Pod attachment 30-90˚ DOWN to peduncle FROM ERECT Plant pigmentation NONE Pod curvature SLIGHTLY Plant hairiness NONE CURVED
Vine colour GREEN Avg. Yield/Plant (kg) 22.6 ± 1
Twining tendency PRONOUNCED Avg. no. seeds/pod 5
Flower Pod colour (dry) DARK TAN colour-standard MAUVE
Flower colour-keel WHITE Seed colour RED BROWN
Flower colour-wing MAUVE Seed shape OVOID
Days to 1st harvest 73 days Testa texture SMOOTH
Duration of harvest 231 days Avg. 100 seed weight (g) 30.5 Pod description SHORT, DARK GREEN Protein (% w/w) 3.24 Immature pod Total Invert pigmentation NONE Sugars (% w/w) 0.62 Pod colour (mature) DARK GREEN Crude Fiber (% w/w) 1.87 Avg. Pod length (mm) 78.52 ± 0.44 Total Cyanide (mg/kg) 0.02
Avg. Pod width (mm) 15.22 ± 0.12 Free Cyanide (mg/kg) < 0.001
A GUIDE TO DESCRIPTION AND PRODUCTION POTENTIAL 37 SUMMARY OF VARIETIES (Plant Data)
Days to Duration Total Free 1st of Protein Invert Sugars Fiber Cyanide Variety Harvest Harvest (Days) Avg. Yield (kg) Pod Colour Pod Description (%w/w) (%w/w) (%w/w) (mg/kg)
LL01 117 196 10 ± 0.7 light green short, narrow 4.5 0.76 2.54 0.15
LL02 68 203 11.8 ± 2.2 light green broad, flat 3.33 1.26 1.53 0.05
LL03 68 203 6.2 ± 1.1 light green short, narrow 4.02 < 0.003 1.21 0.63
LL04 75 203 16.7 ± 1.3 light green broad flat 3.08 < 0.003 1.30 0.23
LL05 68 203 15.6 ± 1.1 light green short, narrow 3.57 0.2 1.72 0.86
LL07 124 189 11.6 ± 0.8 dark green long, narrow 5.12 0.87 2.46 0.02
LL08 68 203 6.5 ± 1.1 light green short, narrow 3.10 1.88 1.16 0.003
LL11 124 189 5.9 ± 0.4 green and purple broad, flat 3.88 < 0.003 1.69 0.03
LL13 68 196 3.3 ± 0.3 purple short, broad 2.51 1.26 0.97 < 0.001
LL14 103 210 15.1 ± 1.1 green and purple long, narrow 3.69 < 0.003 1.85 < 0.001
LL15 166 210 2.7 ± 0.9 light green broad, long 2.55 2.87 1.58 < 0.001
LL17 73 231 22.6 ± 1 dark green short, narrow 3.24 0.62 1.87 < 0.001
38 SEIM - VARIETIES GROWN IN TRINIDAD AND TOBAGO KEY highest value lowest value
Days to Duration Total Free 1st of Protein Invert Sugars Fiber Cyanide Variety Harvest Harvest (Days) Avg. Yield (kg) Pod Colour Pod Description (%w/w) (%w/w) (%w/w) (mg/kg)
LL01 117 196 10 ± 0.7 light green short, narrow 4.5 0.76 2.54 0.15
LL02 68 203 11.8 ± 2.2 light green broad, flat 3.33 1.26 1.53 0.05
LL03 68 203 6.2 ± 1.1 light green short, narrow 4.02 < 0.003 1.21 0.63
LL04 75 203 16.7 ± 1.3 light green broad flat 3.08 < 0.003 1.30 0.23
LL05 68 203 15.6 ± 1.1 light green short, narrow 3.57 0.2 1.72 0.86
LL07 124 189 11.6 ± 0.8 dark green long, narrow 5.12 0.87 2.46 0.02
LL08 68 203 6.5 ± 1.1 light green short, narrow 3.10 1.88 1.16 0.003
LL11 124 189 5.9 ± 0.4 green and purple broad, flat 3.88 < 0.003 1.69 0.03
LL13 68 196 3.3 ± 0.3 purple short, broad 2.51 1.26 0.97 < 0.001
LL14 103 210 15.1 ± 1.1 green and purple long, narrow 3.69 < 0.003 1.85 < 0.001
LL15 166 210 2.7 ± 0.9 light green broad, long 2.55 2.87 1.58 < 0.001
LL17 73 231 22.6 ± 1 dark green short, narrow 3.24 0.62 1.87 < 0.001
A GUIDE TO DESCRIPTION AND PRODUCTION POTENTIAL 39 References
Tindall, H.D. (1987). Vegetables in the Tropics pp 271
Tropical legumes: Resources for the future (1979). Report of an adhoc panel on Tropical legumes. Lablab, pg 59-67 National Academy of Science
Purseglove, J.W. (1987). Tropical Crops - Dicotyledons, pp 273-276
NAMDEVCO (2016). Green Vine Vol14 No. 6 August-Sept 2016
http://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/mv019
40 SEIM - VARIETIES GROWN IN TRINIDAD AND TOBAGO
MINISTRY OF AGRICULTURE, LAND AND FISHERIES Research Division, Central Experiment Station Caroni North Bank Road, Centeno
Tel: 868.646.4335-7 Fax: 868.646.1646
VEGETABLES / BIODIVERSITY UNIT: Ext. 4026/4019
Email: [email protected]