Genetic Genealogy Update for W.I.S.E. Rev

Genetic Genealogy Update for W.I.S.E. Rev. 20180123 Greg Liverman, PhD Pinewood Genealogy [email protected] +1 719.689.0787

1 UPDATES AT ANCESTRY & 23ANDME

 Ancestry and 23andMe reports are typically closest to the paper trail genealogy compared to other companies  More reference groups, reference groups realigned  More detail reported (smaller geographic areas)

1.1 ANCESTRY  60 major reference groups  1000 fine scale regions  40,000 total samples  Improved details in the Americas and Africa

1.2 23ANDME

1.2.1 Ancestry Update  Updated to 1500 reference groups worldwide  more granular breakdown of Ancestry Composition results for customers with Central Asian, South Asian, western Asian, and North African ancestry  More granularity (finer detail) available to testers

1.2.2 Family Tree This tree is constructed purely from DNA relationships. It is improved compared to last October, but still not perfect. The arrow indicate that the circles matches should be linked to a different ancestor

2 MATCH VISUALIZATIONS

2.1 MANUAL

Match #9 Match #6 Match #8 Match #11 Estimated Match #1 Match #14 Name Match ID Total CM David McLain & Estes & Michael Frock & William Thompson & Relationship Mother Frock? Julia Strong Stearns Margaret Barker Margaret Cox

Mother 1 PARENT_CHILD 3443 First Cousin 2 1C1R 972 Match #3 3 SECOND_COUSIN 405 Match #4 4 SECOND_COUSIN 251 Match #5 5 THIRD_COUSIN 143 Match #6 6 THIRD_COUSIN 121 Match #7 7 THIRD_COUSIN 118 Match #8 8 THIRD_COUSIN 113 Match #9 9 THIRD_COUSIN 110 Match #10 10 THIRD_COUSIN 110 Match #11 11 THIRD_COUSIN 109 Match #12 12 THIRD_COUSIN 104 Match #13 13 THIRD_COUSIN 104 Match #14 14 THIRD_COUSIN 104 Match #15 15 THIRD_COUSIN 101 Match #16 16 THIRD_COUSIN 98 Match #17 17 THIRD_COUSIN 93 Match #18 18 THIRD_COUSIN 91 Match #19 19 FOURTH_COUSIN 76 Match #20 20 FOURTH_COUSIN 75 Match #21 21 FOURTH_COUSIN 67 Match #22 22 FOURTH_COUSIN 65 Match #23 23 FOURTH_COUSIN 64 Match #24 24 FOURTH_COUSIN 64 Match #25 25 FOURTH_COUSIN 63 Match #26 26 FOURTH_COUSIN 63 Match #27 27 FOURTH_COUSIN 61 Match #28 28 FOURTH_COUSIN 59 Match #29 29 FOURTH_COUSIN 59 Match #30 30 FOURTH_COUSIN 59

2.2 AUTO CLUSTERS Available for a small fee from

 Genetic Affairs (https://geneticaffairs.com/)  DNA Gedcom (https://www.dnagedcom.com/)  MyHeritage (included in paid subscription or upgrade)  GEDmatch (included in paid Tier 1)

The tool downloads your matches from a site (Ancestry, 23andMe, MyHeritage, FTDNA) and produces spreadsheets and visual charts of how your matches match each other. Each cluster probably has an ancestral couple in common…with you. By researching those matches backwards using POG (Plain Ol’ Genealogy), you can discover your ancestor.

2.3 AUTO TREES AT GENETIC AFFAIRS Similar to Ancestry ThruLines or MyHeritage Theory of Family Relativity. Created from the trees attached to the DNA profiles of people who match me.

3 LAW ENFORCEMENT TESTING AND INVESTIGATIVE GENETIC GENEALOGY

Only FTDNA and GEDmatch allow law enforcement kits (created from crime scene DNA) to be uploaded and matched with customers who have opted-in for matching with LW kits We have always known that a court subpoena could change what law enforcement had access to. Some companies have stated they would fight subpoenas.

 In July 2019, GEDmatch accepted a subpoena to open the entire database, even kits that had opted-out, to matching with a law enforcement kit. This was discovered months after the fact when the officer announced it at a conference.  While 23andMe and Ancestry have publicly stated they would fight subpoenas in court, other companies have not made similar promises GEDmatch has been sold to Verogen, a for-profit forensic genetics firm. Verogen has pledge to continue to develop tools for use by genetic genealogists and not change any of the operation. GEDmatch has well over 1 million kits, but fewer than 200,000 have opted in for law enforcement matching FTDNA has created their own investigative genetic genealogy department, headed by Barbara Rae Ventner. Cold cases are still being solved using genetic genealogy despite many customers opting out of matching with law enforcement kits. Additional for-profit companies are starting up. Law enforcement agencies are training their employees in genealogy and bringing investigative genetic genealogy in-house Always read the terms carefully. Make sure your testers read and understand the terms. Realize that companies may change their behavior or policies. Make decisions based on your values.

4 Y-DNA SNP TREES

Y-DNA projects are leveraging next generation genome testing of the Y-chromosome to build family trees from SNP mutations Large numbers of men have to test at high levels (FTDNA Big Y-700 or lineage-specific SNP tests) to get the data necessary to construct these trees Eventually, a test result will be sufficient to place a man on the tree and identify his paternal lineage. One example of this is the Big Tree (www.ytree.net) that has over 4000 surnames and over 4600 haplogroups all within the R-haplogroup family. Most men from W.I.S.E. countries are haplogroup “R”

5 AUTOSOMAL TESTING GROWTH

Reference: "Genealogical Database Growth Slows", Leah Larkin, The DNA Geek (https://thednageek.com/genealogical-database-growth-slows/ : accessed 19 Jan 2020).

 People are still testing at all companies. All the databases are growing.  The database size is not growing as fast as it was since mid-2018. o The slowdown has affected Illumina’s outlook to investors and stock prices . “Illumina Cuts Forecasts As Consumer Tests, Genomics Initiatives Lag”, 30 Jul 2019. . “Illumina Stock Dips As Consumer Genomics Weighs On Quarterly Beat”, 24 Oct 2019 o 23andMe lays-off 100 employees, 14% of their workforce . https://www.cnbc.com/2020/01/23/23andme-lays-off-100-people-ceo-anne-wojcicki- explains-why.html, 23 Jan 2020  How does this effect Genealogists? o We will get more matches, just not as many as fast as before o We need to be diligent about informing testers of the privacy considerations.

6 NOTES