Aromatherapy Journal

The National Association for Holistic Aromatherapy Aromatherapy Journal

In this Issue: • Spring Rejuvenation • Blending for Pregnancy • Green Myrtle and Turmeric • Aromatherapy for the Sinuses • Aromatherapy for Disorders that Affect Mood, Thinking and Behavior

Aromatherapy E-Journal Spring 2016.1 University of Utah Conference Center & Botanical Garden • salt lake city, utah October 20-23, 2016 REGISTER NOW The World of Aromatherapy VIII ANCIENT WISDOM TO MODERN SCIENCE Beyond Aromatics Conference Presenters Elizabeth Ashley Amber Duncan Dr. Habib Sadeghi Kelly Holland Azzaro Mindy Green Karey Shane Dr. Florian Birkmayer Dr. Pejman Katiraei Jade Shutes Dr. Jean Bokelmann Madeleine Kerkhof- Cathy Skipper Eric Scott Bresselsmith Knapp Hayes Robert Tisserand Andrea Butje Rachel Koenig Roxana Villa Dr. Amy Chadwick Gabriel Mojay Mark Webb Valerie Cooksley Jennifer Hochell Dr. Laramie Wheeler Annette Davis Pressimone & More Updates TBA

Post Conference Workshops - October 24, 2016 Alchemy and Medicine of the Soul Cathy Skipper & Dr. Florian Birkmayer Aromatic Medicine: Practical Applications using Chemistry and Therapeutic Strategies Mark Webb

Sponsorship & Exhibitor Opportunities Available nahaconference.com

© Copyright 2016 NAHA Aromatherapy Journal Spring 2016.1 2 Aromatherapy Journal A Quarterly Publication of NAHA Winter 2016.1 AJ561 Table of Contents The National Association for Holistic Aromatherapy, Inc. (NAHA) A non-profit educational organization Boulder, CO 80309

Adminstrative Offices PO BOX 27871 Raleigh, NC 27611-7871 Editor’s Note...... 5 Office Phone: (919) 894-0298 Fax: (919) 894-0271 Spring Rejuvenation: The Wood Element...... 7 Email: [email protected] Website: www.NAHA.org by Shanti Dechen

Executive Board of Directors There and Back Again: Turmeric...... 15 President: Annette Davis by Roxana Villa Current Past President: Jade Shutes Vice President: Aromatherapy and Brain Injury: Jennifer Hochell Pressimone A Holistic Approach to Rehabilitation...... 19 Public Relations/Past President: by Joie Power, Ph.D. Kelly Holland Azzaro Secretary: Rose Chard Aromatherapy for Disorders that Affect Mood, Thinking Treasurer: Eric Davis and Behavior...... 27 Director Coordinator: Anna Doxie by Lisa M. Daly RN, MS, PMHNP-BC, CA

Journal Committee Aromatherapy for Symptom Management of Chief Editor: Sharon Falsetto Bipolar I Disorder...... 36 Assistant Editor: Kelly Holland-Azzaro by Sandra Nosek, RN, BSN, ACLS IAC Journal Layout: Kelly Peak

Article Submissions Aromatherapy for the Sinuses...... 43 Please send article proposals to: by Elizabeth Ashley Sharon Falsetto [email protected] Green Myrtle (Myrtus communis L.)...... 53 Advertising by Jade Shutes For advertising information, please email: [email protected] Media Guide Aromatherapy Blending for Pregnancy...... 59 by Amber Duncan The opinions expressed by the authors are their own and do not necessarily reflect the views of the editor or of NAHA. NAHA Book Review and Interview with an and the editors do not accept responsiblity Aromatherapy Author: Demetria Clark ...... 67 for the use or misuse of essential by Sharon Falsetto oils mentioned in these articles. The Aromatherapy Journal reserves the right to accept or reject any advertisement or NAHA Director Recipes ...... 74 article submitted and does not necessarily endorse products advertised in this journal. NAHA Market Place ...... 78 © Copyright 2016 NAHA All Rights Reserved by NAHA. NAHA Directors ...... 82 Reproduction in whole or in part without written permission is prohibited. COVER IMAGE: Green Myrtle (Myrtus communis L.)

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© Copyright 2016 NAHA Aromatherapy Journal Spring 2016.1 4 Editor’s Note Spring I still haven't got used to spring arriving earlier here in Sedona, Arizona than it does in England, even after living here for ten years. However, although spring arrives at different times in different parts of the world, it arrives with an energy not seen in the other three seasons of the year. I watch each plant struggle through its growing stage, nurturing seedlings along the way, to hopefully blossom with the arrival of summer. So much energy is put forth into the act of growing that it is no wonder that spring is a season when we all–plants and humans alike–perhaps need the most energy, after waking from the slumber of winter.

And it is this thought that is reflected in several of our writers' articles in the 2016 spring edition of the NAHA Journal. Shanti Dechen writes about Spring Rejuvenation and the Wood Element of the five-element theory and how to cleanse with essential oils and plants; Amber Duncan provides us with some aromatherapy blends for the growing stages of pregnancy; and in my interview with Demetria Clark, I review her book, Aromatherapy and Herbal Remedies for Pregnancy, Childbirth, and Breastfeeding. Some cleansing and energizing spring aromatherapy recipes are provided for you by NAHA's directors; and Roxana Villa gives you an insight into the detoxifying herb turmeric and how to use it as fragrance and flavor.

We also examine some complex medical issues and how aromatherapy may help; new writer Sandra Nosek discusses the use of aromatherapy for the symptom management of bipolar I disorder; regular writer Dr. Joie Power shares her experiences of working with aromatherapy and brain injuries, and how it can be used in the rehabilitation process; and PhD student Lisa Daly discusses using aromatherapy for disorders that affect mood, thinking, and behavior.

Elizabeth Ashley writes this time about aromatherapy for sinus infections, a common occurrence at this time of year as trees and other plants begin to bloom. This theme also comes up in Jade Shute's profile of green myrtle essential oil, with some essential oil recipes to help to clear the sinuses and the respiratory system.

Spring: A time to rejuvenate, cleanse, energize, and grow. See how essential oils and aromatherapy may help you with one or more of these themes in this, our latest, edition of the NAHA Aromatherapy Journal!

With aromatic blessings, Sharon Falsetto

by Shanti Dechen CCAP, CAI, LMT

March 20th welcomes the vernal or spring allows us to express our true nature, and equinox for the Northern Hemisphere or manifest ourselves in the world. the autumnal equinox for the Southern The Wood element soothes the movement Hemisphere. In five-element theory, the through our lives, especially when we spring season is associated with the Wood inevitably run into obstacles. It gives us the element. This element symbolizes the birth vision, the ability to change, the roots, and the and fresh beginning stages of Yang energy. flexibility to make new plans and decide what Wood represents new life and creation. is needed; how to adjust and what to change. Wood energy is expansive, moving out in all Other predominant attributes of the wood directions. It is the time when we are once element are considered to be strength and again moved to spend more time outdoors flexibility, like bamboo. It is also associated in the freshness of a spring morning. Its with qualities of generosity and forgiveness. associated color is green. Springtime is also an optimum time to cleanse Warmth and light begin to return; the soil is the associated internal organs of the Wood moist with the winter melt and the days are element, which are the liver and gallbladder. now longer than the nights. The wood phase The liver is the largest solid organ in the body. also corresponds to the seeds that have lain It is located in the upper right abdomen. dormant in the earth all winter. They grow, Aiding in digestion, the liver removes waste push up through the ground as tender sprouts, products and worn-out cells from the blood. then buds develop and turn into young green leaves. The liver converts food into substances needed for life and growth; storing glycogen (a blood- This Wood energy provides us with the sense sugar regulator), amino acids, protein, and fat. of renewal, reawakening and rebirth. It gives It also makes the enzymes and bile that help to us a connection to the future. Wood energy digest food. In addition, the liver neutralizes allows us to plan and design in all areas of our harmful toxins and wastes, so it is at great risk lives; giving us the ability to initiate thoughts, of contamination from environmental toxins plans and activities. It helps us to coordinate and those contained in over-processed foods. our ideas and feelings and to bring them into The liver has over 500 different functions; it action and change. This energy provides us is the body’s chemical factory and the largest with vision and foresight to move ahead, blood cleansing internal organ.

Why Should You do an Internal Cleanse?

Cleansing the body gets rid of excess waste and dis-ease; it rejuvenates the vital energy of physical, mental and emotional well- being. Signs of internal toxicity can include: headaches, backaches, allergies, skin rashes, constipation, fatigue, immune weakness, insomnia, digestive issues, frequent colds, and general inflammation and weakness. With the proper cleansing and detoxification of the body we can maintain health and vitality, even as we age.

“We also cleanse/detoxify to rest or heal our overloaded digestive organs and allow them to catch up on past work. At the same time, we are inspired to cleanse our external life as well, cleaning out our rooms, sorting through the piles on our desks, and start the internal cleansing process, which can clarifying our personal priorities. Most often be a one-day to three-month daily process: our energy is increased and becomes more 1) Reduce or eliminate congestive foods like steady, motivating us to change both internally meat, poultry, dairy, alcohol, caffeine, sugar, and externally.” 1 processed foods and all nightshade vegetables Life’s Great Law: Every living cell of the (tomatoes, potatoes, peppers and eggplant), organized body is endowed with an instinct which increase inflammation. of self-preservation, sustained by an inherent 2) Start your day with two to three, eight force in the organism called “vital force,” or ounce glasses of purified water with one to “life force.” Creating better health and a higher two teaspoons of lemon juice (the juice from level of life force depends on the function of the fruit, not the essential oil). Then, continue your body, mind, and emotions. The state of drinking purified water with the lemon juice health is evident in your internal organs, blood throughout the day. and lymphatic system. The main internal organs to keep functioning optimally are your 3) Include the following foods in your diet to intestines, liver, and kidneys. cleanse your liver:

How to do an Internal Cleanse • LOTS of green leafy vegetables like kale, If you are new to internal cleansing, it is best Swiss chard, dandelion, and spinach. to start the process slowly so that you do not • MORE vegetables. detox too quickly. Below are simple ways to • Avocados.

• Green tea. those who suffer from joint conditions such • Garlic. as gout, rheumatoid arthritis, and bursitis. • Grapefruit. Such conditions often result from an excess of acidic waste products. Both burdock root and • Turmeric (Curcuma longa): As a ground spice or in capsules; reduces inflammation. seed can act as a diuretic, making it useful for people who experience swelling in the hands • Powdered greens: spirulina, chlorella, blue- and feet. Burdock root is safe to use during green algae. Noted as the “super” foods. pregnancy for this purpose, but the seed • Vegetable juicing: A fantastic way to get should be avoided during pregnancy. vital vitamins and nutrients into the body quickly. Celandine, Greater (Chelidonium majus): • Digestive enzymes and probiotics: The ancient Greeks and Romans These quickly remove toxins out of considered celandine to be one of the the digestive system. most powerful liver cleansing herbs. Herbs are fantastic cleansers Maurice Mességué, a for the liver and gall famous French herbalist, bladder. The following used greater celandine herbs should be used in for all liver problems. teas or tinctures: Celandine helps to Borututu Bark improve a sluggish liver (Cochlospermum eliminate foreign particles, angolensis) is from an stimulates the production African tree that holds many of bile, relieves gall treasures. A tea made from bladder spasms, and this bark has traditionally stimulates enzyme production been used to manage ailments related from the pancreas. to liver and gall bladder function, indigestion, Chanca Piedra (Phyllanthus niruri) has and fatigue. been used for centuries by indigenous people Burdock Root or Seed (Arctium lappa) is a of the Amazon to promote the body’s natural liver cleansing agent. It is useful to reduce skin elimination of the liver, gallbladder and kidney conditions including eczema, psoriasis, and stones. It also stimulates the liver to purge dermatitis. These conditions often manifest itself of harmful toxins and foreign particles. when the liver is overloaded from a diet high Chanca piedra soothes the liver, increases in fat and protein. Burdock aids the liver in bile production, and reduces the formation of metabolizing these nutrients and encourages calcified stones in the body. This herb is also the removal of waste products. This is, in part, known as “the stone breaker.” It is useful for why burdock is considered a “blood tonic.” digestive tract disorders including: gas, loss of Burdock also aids in the removal of uric acid appetite, stomachache, intestinal infections, waste products, which makes it useful for constipation, and dysentery.2

Chicory Root (Cichorium intybus) is a Milk Thistle (Silybum marianum) has been medicinal herb celebrated for its ability to help used for over two thousand years due to its cleanse the liver. Ancient Roman, Persian, remarkable effects on the liver and gallbladder. Arabian, and Indian physicians used chicory Galen and Pliny, the ancient philosophers, leaves and root to aid against a slew of liver recognized and used the power of milk thistle ailments including: jaundice, gallbladder and for liver cleansing and support. This herb liver stones, urinary stones, constipation, contains silymarin, which protects the liver indigestion, depression, and headaches. from toxins, helps with the detoxification of poisons such as alcohol; it can help to Dandelion (Taraxacum officinale): Many regenerate damaged liver tissue, stimulates people think of the dandelion as a pesky bile production, and improves digestion. weed; however, it is chock-full of vitamins A, B, C, and D, as well as minerals, such as iron, Yellow Dock (Rumex crispus) is known potassium, and zinc. Dandelion leaves are used as a blood purifier and commonly used to to add flavor to salads, sandwiches, and teas. cleanse toxins from the body. Yellow dock The roots are used in some coffee substitutes, helps break down fatty foods by stimulating and the flowers are used to make wines. In bile production, enhancing normal liver the past dandelion roots and leaves were used detoxification, improving the flow of digestive to treat liver problems. Native Americans juices, helping the liver eliminate toxins, also boiled dandelion in water and took it to and it has mild diuretic effects to help flush treat kidney disease, swelling, skin problems, out harmful substances. It also helps reduce heartburn, and upset stomach. In Traditional irritation of the liver and digestive system. Chinese Medicine (TCM), dandelion has been How to Prepare Herbal Infusions and used to treat stomach problems, appendicitis, Decoctions: and breast problems such as inflammation or lack of milk flow. This wonderful herb Herbal Infusion: Pour one quart of boiling stimulates bile flow from the liver and is often water over two Tablespoons of herb(s) and let used by herbalists to help fight fatty liver, it steep for twenty minutes. Keep lid on tightly. cirrhosis, estrogen dominance, and even acne. Drink three to four cups daily or as needed.

Root Infusion: Use one to two Tablespoons of chosen root per quart of water. Pour boiling water over the root and let the infusion sit for thirty minutes, or even overnight. Keep the pot well covered. Strain and drink four cups daily.

Herbal Decoction:

When using both herbs and roots decoct the roots first, and then turn off the heat. Then add Dandelion (Taraxacum officinale)

Citrus Cleanser Dead Sea Salt Shower Scrub

Apply three times a week in the shower, before you turn the water on. Apply a small amount at a time with long movements along the natural lymphatic flow, towards the heart. the leaves and/or flowers, cover tightly and Dead Sea salt scrubs are excellent to slough infuse as long as desired. Strain and drink four off old skin cells, increase the circulation and cups daily. lymphatic flow and can even reduce pain and inflammation. Cleansing WOOD Essential Oils:

Bergamot (Citrus aurantium ssp. bergamia) Ingredients: soothes the flow of digestion, harmonizes ½ cup fine grain Dead Sea Salt the liver chi (energy), and reduces nervous ½ cup sea salt indigestion and loss of appetite due to 2-3 Tablespoons of organic and unrefined emotional stress. safflowerCarthamus ( tinctorius) or sesame (Sesamum indicum) oil Chamomile, Roman (Anthemis nobilis) Essential Oils: reduces indigestion, flatulence, gastritis, 5 drops Bergamot abdominal pain, irregular bowl movements (Citrus aurantium ssp. bergamia) and ulcerative colitis. 5 drops Grapefruit (Citrus x paradisi) 4 drops Lemon (Citrus x limon) Bath Blend

Mix the below ingredients together, then add Combine the salts together in a bowl. Add the blend to the bath water. This blend of the carrier oils and stir together. Mix in the essential oils can also be added directly to 1-2 essential oils. Put the scrub into a jar or other cups of bath salts or powdered mineralized suitable container. Label appropriately. clay for additional cleansing and rejuvenation. Makes approximately an 8 oz. scrub. Because salt is an absorbent, it is best to store the salt Ingredients: scrub in a glass container if it will not be used 1 Tablespoon of vegetable glycerin immediately. Essential Oils: Caution: When using essential oils always 4 drops Chamomile, Roman review the precautions. Precaution: DO NOT apply to newly shaved areas, wounds, face (Anthemis nobilis) or to breast tissue. Citrus essential oils also 4 drops Palmarosa (Cymbopogon martinii) have a photosensitivity precaution and are 4 drops Yarrow (Achillea millefolium) NOT recommended in the bath.

Ginger (Zingiber officinale) works best for Hydrosol: 'Hydro' means water and 'sol' means warming aching muscles, arthritis, nausea, solution. These hydrosols or herbal distillates aiding digestion and increasing circulation in have many uses as medicine, flavorings, the digestive system. household uses and as fabulous additions to Grapefruit (Citrus x paradisi) improves skin care products. They are generally safer the lymphatic system, clears inner heat, and than essential oils to use with children, elders thereby, clears the body of toxins. and those with sensitive skin.

Helichrysum (Helichrysum italicum) Many hydrosols can also be used internally in reduces inflammation, stimulates and moderation. Please see complete instructions promotes tissue repair. in Suzanne Catty’s book, Hydrosols: The Next Lemon (Citrus x limon) boosts the immune Aromatherapy. system and cleanses the body, improves the functions of the digestive system, and is SAFETY NOTE ABOUT HYDROSOLS helpful for constipation. Hydrosols contain hydrophilic compounds Petitgrain (Citrus aurantium) reduces from plant material unlike the lipophilic components of essential oils. Although mental fatigue, reduces confusion and hydrosols contain less concentrated anxiety. Rectifies liver chi, reduces dyspepsia, components than essential oils, you still flatulence and insomnia.3 need to use them with caution. Follow these guidelines for safe use: Spruce, Black (Picea mariana) useful for • Do not use internally unless advised mental and physical exhaustion, muscle aches otherwise by an experienced and qualified and pains, aching joints, poor circulation, aromatherapist. restores depleted and overworked adrenal • Do not use if you are pregnant, suffer from epilepsy, have high blood pressure, glands, and muscle spasms. It is also helpful have a serious medical condition, or are for bronchitis or asthma. over the age of 65, or are taking any form of prescribed medicine, without first Yarrow (Achillea millefolium) is a good consulting an experienced and qualified digestive aid, improves digestion, elimination, aromatherapist. and can calm gastric spasms. • Consult a certified aromatherapist before using with babies, young children, or pets. While doing an internal cleanse (with herbs), • Less is More: Use the smallest amount it is beneficial to use essential oils in several required for the condition you are applications such as: topical blends, baths, or addressing. • Do a skin patch test before using a in as a shower salt scrub. hydrosol. Liver Cleansing Hydrosols: • Store and handle hydrosols appropriately to maintain shelf life.

Hydrosols are waters containing beneficial For more information, please visit the NAHA plant compounds, a result of extraction by website hydrosol page. distillation.

Carrot Seed (Daucus carota) is believed to but in a gentle manner. Regular use of this cleanse and support the liver and gallbladder. hydrosol during cleansing can improve Carrot seed hydrosol has the ability to detoxify digestion, elimination, and calm gastric spasms. the blood, tissues, muscles and internal organs Enjoy a healthy spring! like the liver and kidneys.

Helichrysum (Helichrysum italicum) is a most powerful anti-inflammatory, a must for SAFETY NOTE aftercare in any surgery, healing of wounds, Please note the information in this article is reducing swelling and a detoxifier for the liver. presented for educational purposes only and should not be construed as medical advice. Labrador Tea (Ledum groenlandicum)— Cleansing during pregnancy or for children is Suzanne Catty in her book describes “Labrador not recommended. See a qualified health care Tea Hydrosol as being the most powerfully provider for any acute or chronic condition therapeutic of all hydrosols.” 4 She also requiring medical assistance. describes Labrador Tea as being helpful for fighting addictive behaviors and suggests blending it with yarrow (Achillea millefolium) References: hydrosol to aid with withdrawal. It may also 1. Haas, Elson M., M.D., The Detox Diet, Berkeley, CA, Celestial Arts Publishing, 1996, p. 31. be helpful with allergies, liver and kidney 2. Sage Press PDF File, Technical Data Report for Chanca Piedra: detoxification, and it is an immune stimulant. http://www.rain-tree.com/chanca-techreport.pdf 3. Willmont, Dennis, Aromatherapy with Chinese Medicine, Myrtle, Green (Myrtus communis) is Marshfield, MA, Willmountain Press, 2003, p. 264-265. cleansing for the liver. It also makes a good 4. Catty, Suzanne, Hydrosols: The Next Aromatherapy, Rochester, eyewash for tired, irritated eyes or allergic VT, Healing Arts Press, 2001, p. 105-106. conjunctivitis. Green myrtle is a strong About Shanti Dechen: expectorant useful for bronchitis and allergies. It can be stimulating and is better used in the Shanti Dechen, CCAP, CAI, LMT is the morning than in the evening. founder and director of Aroma Apothecary Healing Arts Academy, is a Certified Clinical Rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis) is a Aromatherapist, clinical health practitioner gentle tonic for all skin types. It is antifungal and a certified massage therapist since 1979. and can be taken internally for anti-aging, liver She has a university background in healing and problems and Candida. the sciences—over 15,000 hours of extensive Spruce, Black (Picea mariana) boosts the holistic training and certification in bodymind immune system, respiratory system, therapies. She is the NAHA Regional Director revives the adrenals in times of stress, and it of Colorado and lives in the beautiful mountain can be used in a compress to ease painful and community of Crestone. inflamed joints. To learn more about Shanti, please visit her Yarrow (Achillea millefolium) is a good website at: www.learnaroma.com or email her digestive aid, and it is significantly detoxifying, at [email protected]

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© Copyright 2016 NAHA Aromatherapy Journal Spring 2016.1 14 Spring 2016.1 NAHA’s Aromatherapy Journal © Copyright 2016 NAHA 15 Fostering the education and practice of the professional holistic aromatherapist

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by Roxana Villa

In December of 2009 my daughter suggested root grows in the we watch Julie and Julia, a film inspired by a warm, wet tropics blog writer named Julie Powell who decided of Southern Asia. “Besides being ground for to make 524 recipes in 365 days from Julia food and drink it is also used for dying clothe, Childs’ landmark cookbook. My daughter was in cosmetics and, as mentioned previously, in correct; I enjoyed the film on many levels, so Oriental medicine.”1 much so that on the first day of the new decade I discovered a beverage made with turmeric (January 1, 2010) I began a weekly blogging and milk ages ago at a local health-oriented event called Perfume Illuminated with my restaurant here in Los Angeles called Hugo’s. friend Beth Schreibman Gehring. Since then, Greg and I have been making As a cook and scent maker I often contemplate different versions of turmeric milk using the relationship of cooking and making the dried powder with fennel (Foeniculum perfumes on a regular basis. Certainly this is vulgare) seeds, cardamon (Elettaria not a new concept, after all, scent and flavor cardamomum) and fresh ginger (Zingiber are intrinsically intertwined. Tom Robbins officinale) or variations on that theme. wove them together beautifully in his master piece book Jitterbug Perfume.

Like salt and pepper, Beth and I brought our creative talents to the table, offering an eclectic synergy of fragrance and flavor. Each Friday a new installment would feature recipes, formulas, history and a little whimsy.

A few weekends ago, when my husband Greg brought home fresh turmeric root from our local farmers market, I thought, “Oh, I’ll do a Perfume Illuminated type piece about turmeric!” And thus, here I am.

Turmeric (Curcumba longa), which looks like its relative ginger but is a brilliant orange when fresh, is known as a powerful detox and good for digestion in Ayurvedic medicine. The © Roxana Villa

Healing foods, just like healing scents, are Since turmeric is a “warming” essence I like vibrant and add to our vital life force. Author to use it during the cold months in the bath and PhD James A. Duke cites in his book, The or for massage to stimulate circulation. For a Green Pharmacy, the benefits of turmeric for natural perfume I suggest creating a woody preventing cataracts and strokes and a lengthy chai fragrance by first blending a few spice list for treating such conditions as athlete’s chords with turmeric and then pairing it foot, arthritis, carpal tunnel syndrome, diabe- with a wood/resin chord of cistus (Cistus tes, headache, liver issues, and more. Turmeric ladaniferus), frankincense (Boswellia sacra), contains high levels of the compound cur- labdanum (Cistus ladaniferus), orris (Rhizoma cumin, which at high doses can “stimulate the iridis), patchouli (Pogostemon cablin) and adrenal glands to release the body’s own corti- sandalwood (Santalum austrocaledonicum). sone, a potent reliever of inflammation and the Once you have found a good proportion of each 2 pain it often causes.” chord then add a few citrus top notes for added Fragrance sparkle and sweetness, and vanilla bourbon CO2 or vanilla absolute (Vanilla planifolia) if Turmeric is a relatively new ingredient and not you need to round off the blend. widely used in the palette of the botanical and natural perfumer. Curcuma longa is available Flavor as a distillate from Vietnam and a C02 extract I decided to make a detoxifying spice tea using from India—extracted from the dried roots. the intensely colored roots. First I gathered Perhaps one day someone will do an extraction fresh turmeric and ginger roots, seeds of fennel, of the fresh roots as has become common with cumin (Cuminum cyminum) and cardamon. its sibling ginger. I then peeled the turmeric and ginger roots According to Robert Tisserand, the compound and grated them using my ginger grater from curcumin is found in the C02 extract but Sur la Table. I kept the peels since my friend not the essential oil, which tends to be more and local nutritionist Hagit Ammer of Kitchen pungent.3 As a top to middle note fragrance, Rejuvenation made me realize how important turmeric adds a warm, spicy character to a and nutrient rich they are. perfume, exhibiting woody accents. Use it with other Indian roots and flavors to deepen the Next I opened up the cardamon pods and spice note. placed them into my mortar for some gentle

It then occurred to me that vanilla would be a nice addition. As a botanical perfumer, I usually have vanilla pods on hand for making a tinctures and infusions. I cut the ends off a pod, slice them length wise, cut into inch sized pieces and then add to the mixture.

All the ingredients were put into the infuser of my glass tea press, which I then poured hot, filtered water over. I used the tea throughout the day adding an Indian black tea in the © Roxana Villa morning and later drinking it straight up. Turmeric Spice Tea My recipe was inspired by Hugo’s restaurant in Los Angeles, our own blends and Feasting at Ideally drink a total of two quarts in a day. Home, a beautiful blog by Sylvia Fountaine. If you do not have a tea press, simmer the ingredients on low for about five minutes in Turmeric is great for detoxing and perfect for a pot, then strain before drinking. the spring season!

References: Ingredients: 1. Swain, J.O., The Lore of Spices, Senate Publishing 1991 1 Quart boiling, filtered water 2. Duke, J.D., The Green Pharmacy, Rodale Press 1997 1-2 Tablespoons grated, fresh ginger 3. Tisserand, R. and Young, R. Essential Oil Safety, 2nd ed., 2014 (Zingiber officinale) About Roxana Villa: 1 Tablespoon grated fresh turmeric (Curcumba longa) (or ½-1 tsp. ground) Like the facets of a gem, Roxana’s pure 1-2 teaspoons whole cumin botanical perfumes reflect a myriad of (Cuminum cyminum) seeds (or ground) synergistic disciplines. Professional training in 1-2 teaspoons fennel aromatherapy cultivated her nose with a firm knowledge of the healing attributes found in (Foeniculum vulgare) seeds (or ground) the plant kingdom. As an award-winning artist, 1-2 teaspoons cardamon she brings gifts of storytelling, conceptual (Elettaria cardamomum) (or ground); thinking, and a strong visual aesthetic to her I used four pods, removing the seeds. work in fragrance. These two disciplines weave 1 sliced vanilla (Vanilla planifolia) bean seamlessly, together with her natural instincts, into authentic expressions of olfactory art. Place all of the ingredients in a glass tea press. Infuse for at least five minutes before To learn more about Roxana, please visit her plunging. Refill the tea press one more time website at: www.illuminatedperfume.com or with boiling water. email her at: [email protected]

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Introduction people with brain injury will also have varying degrees of loss of the sense of smell (anosmia). This is not a research paper, a literature People who have complete anosmia will not be review, or a series of case studies. Rather, it is able to benefit from olfactory aromatherapy, a personal account of my clinical experiences which is dependent on stimulation of the working in brain injury rehabilitation during olfactory nerve. Those with partial anosmia the 1980’s and 1990’s. When I speak in may have varying responses to olfactory this article of the effects that aromatherapy stimulation but all brain-injured patients and other alternative approaches appeared will still be able to experience any benefits to have on outcomes for brain injured that might arise from absorption of essential patients, I am speaking of my opinion and oil constituents into the blood. In a previous the opinions of the therapists with whom article, published in the NAHA Aromatherapy I worked. The conclusions that we drew in Journal 2015.4, I wrote about problems with comparing the outcomes of patients who the sense of smell and covered some basic received aromatherapy in addition to standard methods of screening patients for the presence treatment versus those who received standard of such problems. This type of screening treatment only were subjective as we did should be given to every person who sustains a not set our interventions up as controlled, traumatic brain injury. clinical trials. My hope is that this account will suggest a possible framework for utilizing Traumatic Brain Injury aromatherapy in brain injury rehabilitation During the 1970’s, advances in trauma and inspire proper investigation of the efficacy care led to a very significant increase in the of such an approach. number of people surviving serious traumatic There is one important limitation in using brain injury (TBI) and suddenly, it seemed, aromatherapy with brain injured people that neuropsychologists were flooded with referrals should be kept in mind: Some, but not all, of TBI cases. Between 1982 and the end of

1999, I saw nearly two thousand traumatic devastating aspects of brain injury is that it brain injury cases of all kinds and provided has the potential to change people profoundly long-term treatment for several hundred of in terms of “who and how” they are. While these patients in hospital and clinic settings, any disabling injury poses challenges and including the out-patient neurorehabilitation may force you to grapple with aspects of your clinic that I eventually opened in Atlanta, character and personality that you never Georgia. It was only in my own clinic that I was previously recognized, only a brain injury has able to implement a holistic approach to brain the potential to truly rob you of your “self.” In injury rehabilitation and utilize aromatherapy the days and weeks following a brain injury as an alternative modality. the greatest concern of family members is usually the obvious physical and cognitive Characteristic cognitive and behavioral impairments that the injury produces. As impairments have been well-documented in time goes by, however, their greatest concern brain injury, but in all except very severe cases in many cases becomes whether or not their the ultimate outcome is highly variable, in loved one will ever again be the same person part because there are complex interactions they were, and often the answer is “no.” between patients’ pre-injury personalities and the organic neurobehavioral and cognitive From the neurological perspective, loss of changes produced by the injury. One of “self” can occur when a brain injury produces the most unpredictable and potentially changes in personality and this is especially

© Copyright 2016 NAHA Aromatherapy Journal Spring 2016.1 22 Aromatherapy and Brain Injury continued common in cases where there is injury to the entirely different way of conceptualizing the frontal lobes and/or the limbic regions of the problems faced by people with TBI and in brain. Injuries in these areas can cause people doing so they introduce possible therapeutic who were formerly animated, ambitious and approaches that cannot be imagined in the lively to become passive, dull, and apathetic context of western medicine. This was the while someone who was kind and patient may primary reason I had for starting my own become angry and aggressive. Another way program and risking my reputation on an in which loss of “self” occurs is when self- unorthodox approach. awareness becomes impaired. Impaired self- awareness is very common following damage An Unorthodox Approach to the right side of the brain and is referred to I opened the Atlanta Neurobehavioral Center as “anosognosia.” A person with anosognosia is (ANC) in the early 1990’s, after having already unaware of some or all of the impairments and worked in mainstream rehabilitation settings personality changes produced by their injury. for some time. At ANC, we saw patients who In severe cases, a person who has agnosia will had mild to moderate brain injuries and who even be unaware of severe disabilities, such did not have aggressive behavior, such as as paralysis of a limb. It is difficult to believe rage attacks. About half of our patients had some of the ways in which a brain injury can at least some potential to be able to return affect a person until you’ve seen it. to employment of some kind, including Changes in “self” are difficult to treat and this “supported employment” of the type offered is one reason that standard rehabilitation by organizations like Goodwill. Most of the protocols for TBI are largely designed to patients in this group were referred to us by address physical and cognitive impairments. state governmental agencies like Worker’s Behavioral problems are also addressed Compensation or Vocational Rehabilitation. in such programs through the use of I mention this because cost-effectiveness behavior modification techniques but true and successful outcomes are big issues when psychotherapy is usually not provided due to a working with state agencies and the fact that widespread belief that people with TBI cannot we saw so many patients for those agencies participate in such therapy because it requires over many years was a strong endorsement of a capacity for introspection and insight that the success of our program. these patients no longer have. So what was different about what we did? Very early-on in my work with TBI patients While we provided all the standard therapies, I came to feel that the biggest challenge for including physical, occupational, and speech therapists was to find a way of addressing therapy together with cognitive retraining changes in “self” and I believed that this could and behavioral therapy, our approach was best be done in the context of a program that unusual in that it was based on a holistic was based on a holistic philosophy and that philosophy and included alternative modalities made use of some of the principles of energetic that were not yet in common use in medical systems of medicine, such as Ayurveda and settings. In addition, the treatments that I Chinese Medicine. These systems offer an provided directly to patients incorporated

Spring 2016.1 NAHA’s Aromatherapy Journal © Copyright 2016 NAHA 23 Aromatherapy and Brain Injury continued basic concepts of Chinese Medicine and issues of Shen disturbance describes the combination related to Shen disturbance were a focus of my of PTSD and “loss of self” that occurs in so interventions with patients and their families. many cases of TBI. For readers not familiar Shen disturbance will be discussed below. with Chinese Medicine, the Shen is the spirit of the Fire element. It is the Yang energy that In this context, one of the alternative therapies that I introduced, in a limited way at first, was enlivens the Mind and that is the source of aromatherapy. Initially, our massage therapist thought, consciousness and memory; it is simply began using essential oils to address loosely related to what Westerners call “the specific problems, like neuromuscular pain, by Spirit.” In Chinese Medicine it is said that adding a small selection of essential oils when Shen disturbance is present it must be to the base oils normally used, treated before any other issues can be while I incorporated inhalation successfully addressed and this idea of lavender (Lavandula still guides my thinking today. angustifolia) essential oil The fundamental nature of into the relaxation training sessions I conducted. essential oils disposes them to work well in therapies intended When I saw some success to address Shen disturbance. with these interventions, Being light, etheric, rising and I began thinking more kinetic means that essential ambitiously about what oils are overall very Yang in could be accomplished by nature and this is turn makes aromatherapy in the context of them very good at moving energy brain injury and I also started and gives them a natural resonance studying aromatherapy in with Mind and Spirit that makes them ideal greater depth. What came of that eventually for working with Shen disturbance. was a different conceptualization on my part of how to best use essential oils in TBI Many of the symptoms that are commonly rehabilitation. Instead of just using them to seen in TBI are considered in Chinese address things like muscle pain or stress, I Medicine to be symptoms of Shen disturbance, wanted to see if essential oils could be used including: in addressing deeper, “core” issues that might • Poor concentration and memory have a broader effect in facilitating recovery. • Fatigue The next step we took at ANC with essential oils was based on my observation that • Restlessness/hyperactivity virtually every brain injured person I had seen • Muddled thinking (i.e., cognitive deficits) had what western psychologists call Post- • Lack of self-reflection traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) or, even more accurately, what is known in Chinese • Depression and/or anxiety Medicine as “Shen Disturbance.” The concept • Lack of enjoyment of life.

LEFT: Rose (Rosa x damascena) © NAHA Image Database, RIGHT: Frankincense (Boswellia carteri)

In particular, I have noticed three common evaluated the adequacy of sleep and breathing signs of Shen disturbance that appear over in each patient and our massage therapist and over again in the TBI patients that I have determined the extent of muscular armoring treated and these include: present in each. Appropriate interventions • Shallow, constricted breathing incorporating essential oils were then applied. Our massage therapist worked with a variety • Sleep disturbance of relaxing and comforting essential oils, • Body armoring (body-wide muscular including rose (Rosa x damascena), which tension and stiffness). I think is especially important when there Although sleep disturbance is widely is Shen disturbance. My favorite and most recognized as a consequence of TBI, frequently used essential oil for breathing breathing problems and body armoring have problems was frankincense (Boswellia been generally overlooked because these carteri*). Other essential oils could also be are subtle symptoms. None the less, they used with TBI patients but you should avoid all are “core issues” because adequate breath essential oils that can induce seizures or are in support, adequate sleep and relatively free, any way neurotoxic: the best reference for this unobstructed flow of energy in the body are information is Essential Oil Safety, Second recognized in all energetic systems of medicine Edition1 and there is no other reference source as necessary foundations for the cultivation that I recommend. of vitality and well-being. Fortunately, these The more sedative essential oils are often three issues – breathing, sleep and body helpful in TBI, especially for releasing armoring - can be easily addressed utilizing muscular tension in the body, but people with essential oils in conjunction with standard TBI are more likely than others to have either interventions and this is what we did. excessive reactions or “paradoxical reactions” In addition to the usual assessments that in which a medicine produces the opposite are conducted on patients entering TBI effect than is usually expected, and so it is rehabilitation programs, I specifically important to use low “doses,” especially to

Spring 2016.1 NAHA’s Aromatherapy Journal © Copyright 2016 NAHA 25 Aromatherapy and Brain Injury continued start, and to be very observant of the effects The use of essential oils in TBI rehabilitation produced so that changes can be made if does not have to be confined to the issues that needed. Timing is important as well and we targeted. They can be used in conjunction patients should have some “down time” after with psychological counseling and other an aromatic intervention. standard or alternative modalities in ways determined by the capacities of the patient and TBI patients are often on multiple medications the skills of staff, and I think that there may be and essential oils may have potential drug some very useful ways, for example, of utilizing interactions. All of the patients at ANC aromatherapy in the context of cognitive were under a neurologist’s care and I do not retraining. I also hope that investigators will recommend using essential oils with brain- look at the possibility that essential oils may injured patients until the specific oils to be actually be capable of augmenting natural used have been reviewed and approved by the recovery processes in the brain following TBI. patient’s physician.

Our Results * NAHA guidelines recommend the use of Boswellia serrata or another Boswellia spp. in I was frankly surprised by the results of these preference to the use of Boswellia carteri. simple interventions. When we began to address sleep, breathing and body armoring References: 1. Tisserand, R. & Young, R. (2014) Essential Oil Safety, Second in a systematic way our patients showed Edition. Churchill-Livingstone: New York. improvements in the targeted symptoms. As About Joie Power Ph.D.: they developed better breath support, more Dr. Joie Power is a retired neuropsychologist restorative sleep, and better flow of qi they and former assistant Professor of also started to build energy and stamina and Neurosurgery at the Medical College of many showed greater stability of mood and Georgia. She has over twenty-five years of were less irritable and distracted. Overall clinical and research experience in both in- we felt that rehabilitation efforts were more patient and out-patient settings. During that successful when aromatherapy interventions time, she has been a student and practitioner were included. of alternative healing methods including aromatherapy, herbal medicine, Chinese Therapists reading this will be justified when Medicine, and other energetic healing systems. they ask whether or not any effects that I feel She is the director of the Highlands School essential oils may have had were not, in fact, of Natural Healing, where she currently attributable to placebo effect, and/or observer offers courses in aromatherapy. She is a bias, or even just natural recovery processes consultant for Artisan Aromatics Essential and, of course, the answer is “yes, they may Oils and a well-known writer in the fields of have been,” since our interventions were not aromatherapy and alternative healing. conducted as clinical trials and we did not have any control groups for comparison. All we had For more information, visit Dr. Joie Power’s were the opinions of well-trained therapists website www.artisanessentialoils.com or email experienced in the treatment of TBI. her at [email protected]

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by Lisa M. Daly RN, MS, PMHNP-BC, CA

Abstract Introduction

Purpose: I reviewed studies from 2005 The history of aromatherapy can be traced to 2015 on using aromatherapy to treat back thousands of years. The Alliance of psychiatric and mental health disparities and International Aromatherapists report that examined their clinical effects. aromatherapy was used thousands of years ago in Egyptian culture for “embalming, religious Methods: This review was conducted ceremonies, and as an offering to their gods.”1 using the CINAHL (Cumulative Index Researchers have reported findings of early to Nursing and Allied Health Literature) aromatherapy use in ancient China and complete database that was utilized through India. These cultures used fragrant plants for the Binghamton University library. Upon incense, resins, and topically for ceremonious accessing the database, the key word reasons. Aromatherapy is still used today in “aromatherapy” was entered and a search was Ayurvedic Medicine, which is a traditional performed. The search was limited to being Hindu medicine. Known as the father of written in the past ten years, a full PDF was modern medicine, it is said that Hippocrates available, references were to be included in reported that for one to be healthy, they the article, and the article needed to have been needed to take scented baths and have regular peer reviewed. massages. This may have been reported over Results: These criteria presented 114 articles 2,500 years ago, but many clinicians today to be reviewed and considered for this paper. may still agree. Of those considered for review, article topics Other countries and cultures have been included addiction, anxiety, an inpatient utilizing the essential oils found in plants facility, outpatient facility, college campuses, for thousands of years. However, the United aromatherapy safety, and how aromatherapy States is rather new to the essential oil and works with the olfactory system and limbic aromatherapy arena. When researching system. the history of aromatherapy, René Maurice Conclusions: The studies that were reviewed Gattefossé is credited as the pioneer of for this paper demonstrated a large variation essential oils and their medicinal use on in demographics. Scientists are conducting the human body. He was a French chemist research on the effects of aromatherapy in and a perfumer and spent long days in many different settings across the life span. his laboratory. Legend has it that in 1910,

Gattefossé burned his hand in his laboratory cognitive and physiological phenomena. and applied lavender (Lavandula angustifolia) Very few tobacco users can successfully essential oil to it and noticed the healing quit the habit in their first attempt.”2 The qualities of it. Essential oils and aromatherapy Centers for Disease Control and Prevention have been gaining popularity in the United (CDC), the Office of Disease Prevention, States since the 1980’s. One key reasoning is and Health Promotion, and the Department that the pharmaceuticals available for many of Health and Human Services all report conditions are costly and may have several that cigarette smoking is one of the leading side effects a patient may want to avoid. In causes of preventable illness and cancers. In addition to the healing qualities on the skin, 2010, Healthy People 2020 was launched scientists have been researching the benefits of with forty-two objectives listed to improve essential oils on mental health and emotional our overall health as a population. Cancer well-being. The purpose of this article is to caused by cigarette smoking was one of the explore studies that are being conducted on objections listed. The pharmaceutical industry the use of essential oils and aromatherapy in has manufactured several medications to physical and mental health/ psychiatric care combat nicotine dependence, but most of settings. them have side effects. Some of them are using nicotine in a different formulation such Clinical Studies as patches and gum. Unfortunately, these The World Health Organization (WHO) products contain the addictive substance and reports that cigarettes play a large role in the patient continues to ingest it. Cigarette preventable disease. They have been working smoking is considered both a physical and with governments around the globe to psychiatric health concern by the medical combat effects of tobacco use. WHO reports community. Therefore, practitioners need to that “quitting tobacco is not easy as tobacco treat the disease process as such. Cordell and dependence is a cluster of behavioural, Buckle did a small comparison study on a

U.S. college campus.3 They studied the effects permanent living arrangement, it can intensify of black pepper (Piper nigrum) and angelica their primary illness. Also, the essential oils (Angelica archangelica) essential oils on did not demonstrate any negative side effects. nicotine cravings. There were twenty volunteer Anxiety is classified and recognized in participants in this study who used nicotine in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual (5th any fashion, i.e. gum, snuff, chew, or smoking. Edition). There They were separated into two groups, one are many different receiving the black classifications of pepper essential oil anxiety. There and one receiving the is social anxiety, angelica essential oil. generalized anxiety This study used a pre- disorder, as well test/post-test quasi- as obsessive experimental design. compulsive disorder, They measured the just to name a few level of the craving and examples. Wu Lee how many minutes published a systemic the participant review on the waited before using anxiolytic effects of 3 nicotine after smelling the oil. The participants aromatherapy on people with anxiety. They were instructed to smell their assigned oil discovered and evaluated sixteen randomized for two minutes. The results of this study control trials that were published between demonstrated that “both black pepper and 1990 and 2010. The authors reported that angelica essential oil reduced nicotine cravings there has not been a systemic review done and longer periods between inhaling the oil on anxiolytics of aromatherapy on those with and using the nicotine.”3 The authors also anxiety. They revealed that those studies reported that three participants stopped varied greatly in sample size, measurements, using nicotine during the study and had and methods of aromatherapy application. still not relapsed after a ten week follow-up. Some sample sizes varied from 14 to 8,058. The measurements of this study reflect the With such a drastic difference in group size, it reduction of cravings and the length of time is difficult to compare the outcome. Another between giving in to the cravings, which both void in the research evaluated, is that each are psychological and physiological in nature. study reviewed by Wu Lee all reported that patients had a secondary diagnosis of anxiety This study is important to the psychiatric related to another primary condition.3 community because many state institutions are going smoke free and most formularies are no Research is needed on those who have anxiety longer covering nicotine replacement therapy. as a primary diagnosis. Most of the studies When an anxious or depressed patient is no that were reviewed included participants that longer “allowed” to smoke due a temporarily or had secondary anxiety related to Alzheimer’s

Spring 2016.1 NAHA’s Aromatherapy Journal © Copyright 2016 NAHA 31 Aromatherapy for Disorders continued disease, cancer, postpartum, and terminal illnesses. Of all sixteen studies, it is reported that lavender (Lavandula angustifolia) essential oil was the most used essential oil in the studies. Other essential oils used were vetiver (Vetiveria zizanoides), bergamot (Citrus bergamia), geranium (Pelargonium graveolens), bitter orange (Citrus aurantium var. amara), neroli (Citrus aurantium var. amara (flos)), and Roman chamomile (Anthemis nobilis). The most common forms of administration were aromatherapy massage and inhalation. Ylang Ylang (Cananga odorata var genuina) Agitation and aggression are signs and © NAHA Image Database symptoms that may present themselves it. For application, the nurses on site offered when a person is experiencing anxiety. the child a bilateral hand massage with the Fowler, N. A. published a study that used essential oil blended with jojoba (Simmondsia aromatherapy as an integrated tool for crisis chinensis).3 The researchers documented that management in an adolescent residential prior to initiating the aromatherapy option, 3 treatment center. Children and adolescents there were forty-three intramuscular injections are a vulnerable population even without the (IM’s) and 631 oral medications used during challenges of being placed in a residential crisis management. For twelve weeks after treatment facility. Behaviors can escalate initiating the aromatherapy intervention, rapidly and with several residents that are there were only thirty-one IM’s utilized and vulnerable in a close living environment, 397 oral medications used. During agitation recognizing antecedent behaviors is important. and aggressive outbursts, safety is usually The purpose of that study was to “assess if maintained by slowing the person down. adolescents will accept using aromatherapy, a These medications are usually anti-anxiety less restrictive, less invasive, supportive crisis agents and even anti-psychotics. When a management too with or without as needed person is being medicated for their agitation [oral medication], when offered by nursing and aggression, other side effects are often staff.”3 The researchers found it important to experienced as well. These can be respiratory use a blend of essential oils so that later on in depression, dry mouth, constipation, dizziness, life, a single aroma will not remind of them of and lethargy. As indicated by all of the studies the time living in the treatment facility. They in this review, the essential oils did not used a blend of ylang ylang (Cananga odorata demonstrate any adverse effects. var genuina), sweet marjoram (Origanum majorana), and bergamot (Citrus bergamia). These particular studies indicated that For inhalation choice, they were given a aromatherapy was used in a safe manner cotton ball with several drops of the blend on to decrease anxiety, nicotine addiction, and

that evaluated the effect of perilla (Perilla frutescens) essential oil on prefrontal cortex activity.5 The study included nineteen female college students that were exposed to perilla essential oil via their olfactory stimulation. Two groups used were evaluated with one using the essential oil and the control group was exposed to room air. The researchers measured oxyhemoglobin concentrations in the prefrontal cortex using near-infrared time- resolved spectroscopy when the participants were exposed to the stimulus or the control. The results indicated that those people exposed to perilla essential oil demonstrated a significant reduction in the oxyhemoglobin concentration in their prefrontal cortex. The participants did not report feelings of relaxation or comfort. However, the results do Black pepper (Piper nigrum) © NAHA Image Database indicate that there is a physiological reaction agitation. The nurses and facilitators of the and physical comfort occurring that the psyche studies were educated on how to apply and may not be experiencing consciously yet. administer. This is important because although Conclusions essential oils are pure and direct from a plant, they can be irritating and toxic if used In conclusion, it is evident that humans inappropriately. Essential oils have different have demonstrated a benefit from the use qualities, just as the plants they come from of essential oils in psychiatric illness such do. Some essential oils are phototoxic and as anxiety and addiction. More research is needed on those with primary psychiatric can increase the chances of sunburn. 4 Some diagnosis and how aromatherapy can benefit essential oils are irritating to the skin and it is them. It may be difficult for a practitioner to always recommended to use them diluted until differentiate primary vs. secondary anxiety you know how you will react to it. Newborns or depression. Treating what the client is and the elderly maybe more sensitive to the experiencing in the moment may offer relief qualities an essential oil presents due to the and strength. However, many psychiatric permeability of the skin. illnesses are chronic and need daily attention. Aromatherapy is no stranger to skeptics. Just as a person with diabetes or hypertension Most complementary and alternative medicine needs daily attention, so do psychiatric (CAM) has faced its fair share of those who illnesses. The difficulty in this type of research want more scientific proof on what exactly is that most measurement tools are subjective it is doing to the body. Igarashi ran a study and will be variable to the situation.

References: About Lisa Daly: 1. The Alliance of International Aromatherapists website, Brief History of Aromatherapy, accessed August 11, 2015: Lisa M. Daly is a nationally board http://www.alliance-aromatherapists.org/aromatherapy/ brief-history-of-aromatherapy certified psychiatric and mental health 2. The World Health Organization website, Quitting Tobacco, nurse practitioner, as well as a certified accessed August 14, 2015: http://www.who.int/tobacco/quitting/ en/ Cordell, B., & Buckle, J. (2013). The Effects of Aromatherapy aromatherapist. She graduated from the on Nicotine Craving on a U.S. Campus: A Small Comparison Study. Aromahead Institute school of Aromatherapy Journal Of Alternative & Complementary Medicine, 19(8), 709-713. doi:10.1089/acm.2012.0537 in August of 2015. Currently Ms. Daly works 3. Lee, Y., Wu, Y., Tsang, H. W., Leung, A. Y., & Cheung, W. (2011). at a northeast integrative outpatient clinic A Systematic Review on the Anxiolytic Effects of Aromatherapy in People with Anxiety Symptoms. Journal Of Alternative care for those in need of behavioral health & Complementary Medicine,17(2), 101-108. doi:10.1089/ treatment. It is with a holistic approach acm.2009.0277 Fowler, N. (2006). Aromatherapy, used as an integrative tool for crisis management by adolescents in a residential that clients are treated and cared for. Ms. treatment center. Journal Of Child & Adolescent Psychiatric Nursing, 19(2), 69-76. Daly enjoys working with all age groups 4. Sheppard-Hanger, S., & Hanger, N. (2015). The Importance and incorporating aromatherapy into her of Safety When Using Aromatherapy. International Journal Of Childbirth Education, 30(1), 42-47. daily practice. She continues to increase her 5. Igarashi, M., Song, C., Ikei, H., & Miyazaki, Y. (2014). Effects of knowledge and is pursuing a Ph.D. in Nursing Olfactory Stimulation with Perilla Essential Oil on Prefrontal Cortex Science at Binghamton University. Contact Activity. Journal Of Alternative & Complementary Medicine, 20(7), 545-549. doi:10.1089/acm.2014.0100 Ms. Daly at: [email protected]

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by Sandra Nosek, RN, BSN, ACLS IAC

Bipolar I individuals exhibit extreme mania these medications to help manage symptoms. lasting one week or longer at least once in The focus of this article will show that essential their lifetime. Manic episodes are exhibited oils can help with symptom management of by increasingly and abnormally elevated Bipolar I Disorder. mood that includes disruptive behavior, Olfactory Pathway disorganized speech, impulsivity, irritability, anger, delusions of grandeur and decreased When inhaling the molecules of an essential need for sleep to name a few. The cause oil; the molecules are picked up by little hair- of this mental illness is unknown but it like projections called cilia that carry the is thought that genetics, psychological, molecules until they are bound to neurons. biological and environmental factors play a Once the molecules are bound to the neurons role. Medications prescribed by a psychiatrist they are carried to the olfactory bulb which might include antipsychotics, antidepressants, contains five pathways. Of the five pathways anticonvulsants and sedative/hypnotics. Each in the olfactory bulb, the one with the most of these medications have their own set of effects on mood is the pyriform cortex. side effects. Once the right combination is “Neurons in the pyriform cortex project to found, the individual might stop taking the both the orbitofrontal cortex, which has a medication due to their feeling that they no role in decision making and the regulation longer need them. This in turn can cause a of emotional expression, and to the areas of downward spiral possibly sinking them into the limbic system, including the thalamus, 1 hypomania where they might become suicidal. hypothalamus, amygdala and hippocampus.” Since these areas control mood and emotional Aromatherapy is psychotherapeutic, that is expression, it is understandable that an to say that when we breathe in the essence of essential oil can improve mood stability. any given essential oil by way of the olfactory Simply inhaling the essential oil essence, will pathway the olfactory nerve is stimulated; evoke a powerful response, depending on the the essential oil inhaled almost immediately properties of the essential oil and the effects causes effects within the central nervous one is wanting. One research study showed system. Aromatherapy can ultimately improve that with just ten minutes of inhalation “citron mood without the unnecessary side effects (Citrus junos Sieb) significantly decreased total one might experience from prescribed mood disturbance.”2 Via the pyriform cortex medications, or it can be used in addition to one can influence mood, behavior, anxiety,

Spring 2016.1 NAHA’s Aromatherapy Journal © Copyright 2016 NAHA 37 Aromatherapy for Bipolar I Disorder continued agitation, anger and sleep by inhalation of effective in mood disorders such as Bipolar I certain essential oils through aromatherapy. Disorder. There are three major constituents and they Bipolar I Disorder include: monoterpenoids, phenyl propane derivatives and sesquiterpenoids; these, along The human brain has many structures within with trace constituents, contribute to the in it that regulate normal and abnormal pharmacological effects of each essential oil.3 functions within the body. Within these The chemical makeup of essential oils is what brain structures are neurotransmitters. causes the effects exhibited after inhalation. “Specific brain circuits and the balance It can be surmised that aromatherapy can be of neurotransmitters the brain chemicals specifically linked to mood disorders are noradrenaline, dopamine and serotonin.”4 Serotonin and noradrenaline were specifically linked to Bipolar I Disorder where the disruption of dopamine was linked to psychosis and schizophrenia. This is important due to the ability of an essential oil to alter this disruption thereby creating a positive response.

What once was called manic depressive is now called bipolar disorder. “Every year, 2.9% of the U.S. population is diagnosed with bipolar disorder, with nearly 83% of cases being classified as severe.”5 There are three different types of bipolar disorder: Bipolar I, Bipolar II and Cyclothymic Disorders. The focus of this article will be on Bipolar I Disorder. “Bipolar I is considered the most severe form of bipolar disorder, largely because of how intense and incapacitating the mania can be.”6 Mania is defined as “…heightened mood that can be euphoric or irritable and indeed as the mania progresses, irritability becomes more prominent and can eventuate in violence.”7 Disorganized thoughts, delusions, hallucinations, recklessness, impulsivity, increased risk- taking, and hyper-excitability are some of the symptoms of mania. A manic episode tends to be unpredictable lasting anywhere from

© Copyright 2016 NAHA Aromatherapy Journal Spring 2016.1 38 Aromatherapy for Bipolar I Disorder continued minutes to hours; and consumes the time of These medications come with a wide range everyone involved. Mood swings tend to be of side effects usually causing the individual so dramatic that it interferes with a person’s to stop taking them once they feel a little ability to go to school or stay employed and more balanced or because they do not like the prevents healthy relationships. Frequently severity of side effects. Most common side street drugs are used to self-medicate in the effects include nausea, vomiting, weight gain hope that this will make them feel better. or loss, hypothyroidism, ataxia, psychosis, Medications used have so many side effects sedation, seizures, akathisia, dystonia, and they either take them sporadically or miss even cardiac arrest. Some of the side effects are them all together. the same as the symptoms they are taking the medications for, such as agitation and suicidal Professional counseling is often refused thoughts. because of their false belief that nothing is wrong. They often project the cause of the Essential oils and aromatherapy have the problem onto family members. Once they ability to lessen the severity or simply remove become a threat to themselves or others they the symptoms and side effects completely. may not meet criteria for hospitalization once For example to lessen side effects one might they arrive to the facility and are turned away. try ginger (Zingiber officinale) for nausea and Or unfortunately, from personal experience, vomiting, grapefruit (Citrus x paradisi) for once admitted the individual with bipolar weight gain, patchouli (Pogostemon cablin) disorder is able to manipulate the staff into for weight loss, and peppermint (Mentha x believing they are just fine so they are released piperita) for hypothyroidism. The family might after twelve hours. Families become isolated try lavender (Lavandula angustifolia) to calm from friends and family because there is so anxiety and sweet orange (Citrus sinensis) to much drama in their lives. Others believe it uplift. Let’s look at a few essential oils that is just behavioral and lack of parenting skills or limitations are lacking. The family may feel abandoned by the psychiatric community as well as their own family and friends. The family also feels the need to protect others from the drama in their lives. Aromatherapy can be uplifting and has the ability to reduce anxiety, fear, hopelessness, anger and sadness; and can be beneficial to the family as well as to the individual diagnosed with this disorder.

Western Medicine for Bipolar I Disorder

Medications prescribed by psychiatrists are often in the following classifications: antipsychotics, antidepressants, Green Myrtle (Myrtus communis L.) and anticonvulsants and sedative hypnotics. Citron Fruit (Citrus junos Siebold ex Tanaka)

oil is steam distilled. Another such study suggests there were sedative, antipsychotic and anticonvulsant effects when they studied ashanti peppers (Piper guineense), a relative to black pepper and typically used in local cuisine.9 This plant is found in Nigeria and, according to this study, is used to treat mental disorders.

In comparing the two studies and how they were effective for manic type behavior it was discovered that the following three chemical constituents were found in both essential oils which exhibited the same response: Caryophyllene, pinene, and

Variegated ginger (Alpinia zerumbet) linalool. Caryophyllene is a sesquiterpene and commonly found in clove (Syzygium might fall into the categories of antipsychotic, aromaticum), the essential oil of hemp antidepressant, anticonvulsant and sedative/ (Cannabis sativa), rosemary (Rosmarinus hypnotic. officinalis) and hops (Humulus lupulus).10 Pinene is a monoterpene and is a major Antipsychotic constituent in cannabis; linalool is a terpene Antipsychotics are used primarily in bipolar alcohol which by nature is also found in disorder and schizophrenia. They are used cannabis. It is plausible that essential oils to manage mania. In one such study it containing these three constituents could was found that by using variegated ginger also be used as or in conjunction with (Alpinia zerumbet) mice showed a depressant antipsychotics providing positive response as and likely antipsychotic effect compared well as less side effects. to haloperidol. “In comparing haloperidol Antidepressants with A. zerumbet essential oil there was a decrease in grooming behavior, an increase in Antidepressants typically used in bipolar cataleptic and immobility in mice separately disorder include Risperdal, Abilify and given either haloperidol or A. zerumbet.”8 Seroquel. There are many essential oils (Bipolar I individuals tend to have elevated classified as antidepressants that are uplifting moods so depressants and antipsychotics and balancing. A few that might be used are can be be helpful by reducing and possibly bergamot (Citrus bergamia), melissa (Melissa eliminating mania and behaviors typically officinalis), neroli (Citrus aurantium var. seen.) A. zerumbet, otherwise known in the amara (flos)), patchouli (Pogostemon cablin) U.S as variegated ginger, is an evergreen and ylang ylang (Cananga odorata). Common perennial plant whose leaves are two feet long constituents include citronellyl, limonene, and five inches wide from which the essential caryophyllene, linalyl and linalol. Citronellyl

© Copyright 2016 NAHA Aromatherapy Journal Spring 2016.1 40 Aromatherapy for Bipolar I Disorder continued is an aldehyde which is calming to the central near an infant’s face or someone with cardiac nervous system and most likely why these oils fibrillation. Melissa (Melissa officinalis) are effective. essential oil should not be used during pregnancy, and more importantly in regards Anticonvulsants to Bipolar I Disorder, geranium (Pelargonium Valproic Acid (brand name Depakote) is a graveolens) essential oil should not be used common anticonvulsant used to increase the if one is taking Valproate, Buproprion or activity of neurotransmitters within the brain. diabetes medications.12 It is always best to confer with your physician prior to using Some of the essential oils listed as having essential oils. anticonvulsant properties would include basil (Ocimum basilicum), clary sage (Salvia Conclusion sclarea), geranium (Pelargonium graveolens) In conclusion, essential oils once inhaled have and lavender (Lavandula angustifolia). There an immediate effect on symptoms exhibited are three common chemical constituents in in individuals with Bipolar I Disorder. These these essential oils: linalool, and alpha and psychotherapeutic effects can be witnessed by beta pinene. Linalool is a monoterpene alcohol improvement in mood, mania, hypomania, and considered an anticonvulsant. anxiety, fear, anger and insomnia. More Sedative/Hypnotics specifically the essential oils that exhibit characteristics such as antipsychotics, In hospices essential oils are commonly used antidepressants, anticonvulsants and to improve quality of life as well as to assist sedatives are capable of altering mood and behaviors in Alzheimer’s disease and dementia possibly eliminating mania. Scientists and patients; behaviors such as aggressiveness, researchers together with the American sadness, fear, and anxiety. Essential oils in Psychiatric Association need further study this classification include, but are not limited on aromatherapy’s positive effects on the to, lavender (Lavandula angustifolia) and symptom management of Bipolar I Disorder. spikenard (Nardostachys jatamansi). One research study supported the use of spikenard Disclaimer: Please note that the use of essential (N. jatamansi) as a sedative over common oils is not a replacement for your regular medication or professional counseling. The benzodiazepines used such as diazepam information provided in this article is for and may assist in insomnia and mania by educational purposes only. Consult your health qualitative and quantitative analysis.11 care practitioner before implementing any of the advice given in this article. Safety Considerations References Safety is important when it comes to using 1 Power, J. (2015). It’s just a smell, What could it do? The neural essential oils. Strictly looking at aromatherapy basis of olfactory aromatherapy. NAHA’s Aromatherapy Journal, 2 as the route being inhalation and not oral (Summer), 35-41. 2 Matsumoto, T., Asakura, H., & Hayashi, T. (2014, June). Effects or topical use there would only be a few of olfactory stimulation from the fragrance of the Japanese citrus contraindications. Peppermint (Mentha x fruit yuzu on mood states and salivary chromogranin A as an endocrinological stress marker. Retrieved August 2, 2015, from piperita) essential oil should not be used http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24742226

3 Battaglia, S. (2003). The Complete guide to aromatherapy. (2nd About Sandra Nosek: ed.). Brisbane, Australia: The International Centre of Holistic Aromatherapy. Sandra Nosek is a registered nurse of twenty 4 WebMD. (2015). Causes of bipolar disorder. Retrieved August 7th, 2015, from http://www.webmd.com/bipolar-disorder/ two years currently working in acute care 5 NAMI.org. (2015). Bipolar disorder. Retrieved August 2nd, 2015, and who recently obtained her clinical from https://www.nami.org/Learn-More/Mental-Health-Conditions/ nurse aromatherapist certification through Bipolar-Disorder 6 Parks, P. (2015) Bipolar Disorder. San Diego, CA: Reference Point the Institute of Integrative and Holistic Press. Aromatherapy. Sandra is married and has 7 Mania. (2015). In Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. Retrieved August 5th, 2015, from Http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mania. three adult children. Their youngest son 8 J Pharm Pharmacol. (2009). Central nervous system effects was diagnosed at a young age with Bipolar of the essential oil of the leaves of Alpinia zerumbet in mice. Disorder and more recently with Narcissistic Retrieved August 4th, 2015, from http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/ pubmed/19903378. Personality Disorder which inspired her to 9 Piper Guineense. (2015). In Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. research essential oils. Sandra enjoys making Retrieved August 6th, 2015, from Http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ Piper_guineense and selling her bath and body products, 10 Caryophyllene. (2015, July 13). In Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. researching essential oils and creating custom Retrieved August 7th, 2015, from Http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ Caryophyllene blends. Most recently Sandra has recently 11 Takemoto, H., Ito, M., Asada, Y., & Kobayashi, Y. (2015, March)/ started her own aromatherapy business, Inhalation administration of the sesquiterpenoids aristolen-1(10)-en-9-ol from Nardostachys chinensis has a sedative effect via the GABAergic system. HeavenScents Aromatherapy. To learn more Retrieved August 2, 2015, from Http://ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25798643 about Sandra visit her website at 12 Tisserand, R., & Young, R. (2014) Essential Oil Safety: A Guide for www.heavenscents.org or contact her by email Health Care Professionals. Page 293 & appendix B. (2nd ed.) UK: Churchill Livingstone Elsevier at [email protected].

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It is opportune for you, and misfortunate for and painful. Aromatherapy can help a great me, to report that as I write this, I am stuffed deal. up with a cold! It does however mean I can As ever though, the key to true healing cannot report from right inside the white cell war be found in any recipe book; we must go zone! right back to the case history. Triggers might Of course, I have just a cold. Sinus problems, be emotional, physical, and or spiritual; however, can arise for a myriad of reasons and they could be related to diet, the muscular they also present with many different types of or skeletal systems. Just as I describe in my symptoms. I think we can all identify with the eczema book, that an eczematous life is a pain that makes you feel like your head will “house of cards,” the same is especially true explode from the pressure; sinus headaches of sinusitis. One day you feel fine; the next can be so stifling, it can be hard to focus on day, you do not. The skilled aromatherapist anything else. will watch carefully for the gust of wind that topples the cards. Strangely that wind often Acne can sometimes be connected to sinus keeps blowing from the same direction. problems, too. As a child, my poor sister, Natasha, was plagued by an awful skin Then we start to understand the illness. condition because she loved to swim and the So let’s start by asking ourselves “What are chlorine in the pool would set off her sinus the sinuses?” This may seem like a very acne reaction. straightforward question, but when I first Allergies, colds, congestion—whatever the asked myself I found myself going “...errrrm!” cause—sinus problems are both troublesome They are just there, aren’t they?

There are eight sinuses; four pairs of:

Frontal (at the top of the bridge of the nose).

Ethmoidal (further back inside of the head in close proximity to the tear ducts).

Sphenoidal (furthest back in the head, by the optic nerve and pituitary on the side of the head).

Maxillary (under the cheek bones).

The sinuses are air-filled cavities designed to warm and filter air. These air pockets also prevent your head from feeling too heavy. They drain into the nose so when mucus builds up it trickles down the nose. Likewise if the nasal cavities swell, or become inflamed, it is harder for the mucus to drain; it backs up, causing Allergens congestion. It is helpful to ask your client to write a journal Inflammation that focuses on their symptoms and emotions. So here’s the key: If you can work out what I have consulted with a little boy who seemed caused the inflammation, then you are home to have a stress flare-up after piano lessons. free. Sometimes that’s easy. If you have a child Since my piano teacher, Mrs Stanyer, liked in a classroom full of coughs and colds then he to slap my fingers with a ruler, I immediately has brought a germ home. Bacteria can very jumped to the conclusion that his teacher easily cause acute sinus symptoms, but you was punishing him in the same way, too. But, should expect to see them starting to recede when pressed, I learned that it was quite the in a matter of days. If they do linger for more opposite; he seemed to adore her. I asked than three weeks then it is known as chronic him to describe his piano lessons in sensory sinusitis (rather than the more usual sharp, detail; he was overwhelmingly aware of how and quick, acute sinusitis). beautifully his teacher’s piano gleamed, as did all the furniture in the pristine room. It was However, what if your nose is streaming in her furniture polish that was setting off the spring? Is it hay fever or something more flare-ups. sinister? Hay fever is an obvious trigger, but sometimes triggers keep themselves well Environmental toxicity is everywhere; hidden; for example, my sister Natasha’s however, toxicity is sometimes subjective. chlorine reaction, as mentioned above. I love lilac trees, but I can’t have them in

© Copyright 2016 NAHA Aromatherapy Journal Spring 2016.1 48 Aromatherapy for the Sinuses continued our garden because I can’t breathe. Tobacco Chiropractic smoke, actively or passively inhaled, traffic Every nerve in the body—except for the pollution, cleaning products, the department olfactory nerves which run through the sinus store perfumery department, these are all very cavities—passes through the spinal column. If obvious protagonists. You can bet your bottom there is a misalignment and a vertebra presses dollar there will be more elements once you onto a nerve, then stress signals run along that start to look. nerve to the corresponding organ causing pain, Unless you have a very astute client, discomfort, and in many cases dysfunction. pinpointing exacerbating factors is almost An example of this scenario is when the impossible without the client keeping a journal misaligned pelvis exacerbates menstrual of their symptoms and emotions. pains.

It is useful to log meals in a journal, too. It seems counter intuitive to think that a Dairy products in particular are well known misalignment might cause sinusitis, since protagonists. However in truth absolutely the olfactory nerves evade the spine, but remember that the life force of the body runs any food can trigger an allergic reaction through the back. The aura and chakras still which will cause inflammation. What’s more traverse the spine and so any mind, body, is that sometimes particular food might not and or spiritual problems will still affect the be our dreaded gust of wind on its own, but body in the same way. Let’s look at the neck: for a couple of friends it might be extremely in particular C1, C2, C3 vertebrae. Are they problematic. For example: where they are so supposed to be? Remember Imagine I have an intolerance of the too that the spine often tries to correct itself preservatives they use in sausages. Let’s say I against a misalignment and it will over am 30% intolerant to the preservatives used. compensate. Look at the pelvis and lower They also use these preservatives in red sauce. back. Have they tipped and is the neck fighting Tomatoes are a bit too acidic for me, too. Let’s against gravity and affecting the sinuses? say I am also 30% intolerant to the tomatoes. Some chiropractic treatment is extremely What happens if I have a sausage and tomato basic, simple massage techniques, which we sandwich with red sauce? The meal contains: can employ ourselves. If the client does need 30% sausage preservative, 30% tomatoes and manipulation to straighten the spine that is clearly outside of our remit, but we can support 30% red sauce. 30% might not be enough in the transition of the bones back to their correct a single ingredient to kick off an inflammation spaces using aromatherapy massage if you are but once the ingredients are added together, also licensed in massage therapy. you can see how the risk increases. Emotions Imagine if a preservative is found in one brand of sausages but not in another; you are If the client has had a long-lasting bout of going to find the allergy intolerance difficult to inflammation that has proved to be immune ascertain unless you are taking notes. to a course of antibiotics and it is still not

Spring 2016.1 NAHA’s Aromatherapy Journal © Copyright 2016 NAHA 49 Aromatherapy for the Sinuses continued right after ongoing surgery, then we must look people, the urge to cry will be irresistible. Only outside of the usual infection or congestion then, can the body begin to heal. avenues. In other words, as aromatherapists, Massage we must wonder whether it might be [Editor’s Note: For practice by licensed something outside of the physical realm. massage therapists (LMT) only.] But what might that be? Facial massage and cranial massage will be Well, there is a school of thought that teaches the most help in this situation but the sinus that sinus problems are very closely aligned meridians extend down into the muscles of to our need to cry. That, since the ethmoid the shoulders and upper back. Freeing these sinuses, in particular, are so close to the tear muscles, especially in the trapezius area, can ducts, tears need to find a way out of the body, be extremely beneficial. even if they are not cried out. This theory The neck becomes sore, for people with these does hold water, in so much that we do get conditions, but it is worth focusing on really runny eyes when the sinuses are blocked. It trying to activate the lymph in the neck. Work is also interesting that we will often get a cold the anterior subclavian on either side of the when we are run down, overworked or feeling neck. Work each side individually. Use your overwhelmed. We push ourselves too far, our forefinger and thumb and gently, but firmly, immunity drops and we catch every germ going. That makes sense so far but....

Have you noticed how, when someone dies, Children’s Bunged-up Bath Blend that their loved ones will often catch a cold? This blend invokes a lovely, peaceful sleep; frankincense essential oil helps to open up the Think of the person by the graveside. As they nasal passages, monarda essential oil helps cry, what do they have in their hand? They’ll to fight the bug, and myrtle essential oil helps have a handkerchief because their nose is to stroke away nasty coughs. This blend is suitable for 6 months and older. running from their tears. Many people suggest that an ongoing sinus congestion arises when a person represses their emotions and the body Ingredients: needs to find a new way to get those uncried 1 oz Evening Primrose tears out of the body. (Oenothera biennis) oil Essential Oils: What’s more, it is suggested that the word 1 drop Myrtle (Myrtis communis) “influenza” has the same stem as “influence,” 2 drops Monarda (Monarda fistulosa) actually it literally means, “to be under 1 drop Frankincense (Boswellia sacra) the influence” so the question is: are we subconsciously opting out of a situation where we feel unduly influenced by someone? Blend the essential oils and evening primrose oil together. Add a tablespoon of In some ways it is a moot point, because most the blend to a warm bath. certainly once we begin to massage these

© Copyright 2016 NAHA Aromatherapy Journal Spring 2016.1 50 Aromatherapy for the Sinuses continued work the tissue to get the lymph moving. Remember the only way that the lymphatic system can work is through exercise and movement, or through actually manually shifting it. The last thing you will want to do when you feel ill is be active and so this is a very beneficial way of helping toxicity on its way.

Implementing acupressure into the massage increases the efficiency exponentially, and the first sets of acupressure points you encounter are on the base of the skull. Gently hook your essential oils to do their work. Adding essential Monarda ( fistulosa ) © NAHA Image Database fingers under and feel for where the tension is oils to your massage blend will enable the oils lying. Work from the spine outwards to under to penetrate far deeper than regular massage the ears. therapy could ordinarily reach.

We can only work the frontal and maxillary Maxillary Massage sinuses superficially. That is, we can only Align your movements to correspond with massage these two structures, as for the other the client’s breathing. Be gentle, almost as sinuses we need to rely on inhalation and for if it were a heartbeat. Place your forefinger beneath the cheek bone and gently, but deeply, Sinus Massage Blend stroke outwards as the client breathes in. Use their exhalation as a punctuation mark to Ingredients: move your fingers back into position. It’s the 1 oz. Borage (Borago officinalis) oil gentlest of effleurage movements but really Essential Oils: concentrate on bringing the life force back 1 drop Blue Gum Eucalyptus into the body. Think about your anatomy (Eucalyptus globulus) and physiology training; what are they doing 2 drops Monarda (Monarda fistulosa) when they breathing in? They are not expiring 1 drop Myrrh (Commiphora myrrha) (breathing out) they are inspiring (breathing in). You need to have that focus of tracing the sun’s creative energy into them, bringing the Blend the essential oils together with the borage oil. Massage daily over the sinuses inspiration to warm them, as your fingers open to relieve pressure and pain. the airways. Cautions: Avoid use in pregnancy. Because of the eucalyptus essential oil in the blend, Next, work along the bottom of the cheekbone, and the blend is used on the face, do not simply putting pressure on each acupressure use this blend with children under the age point. Each acupressure point runs right along of six years. the bone. Intuitively work out how long it takes for each point to empty and re-energize. It is

Spring 2016.1 NAHA’s Aromatherapy Journal © Copyright 2016 NAHA 51 Aromatherapy for the Sinuses continued also helpful to teach your client how to do this, ethmoidal sinus will make the eyes water or because they will able to feel the pressure and perhaps you might see conjunctivitis or other soreness recede as the channel opens. ocular complains. The sphenoidal sinus will give them a headache. Make your hand into a In order to drain the sinuses effectively you rigid spider shape and firmly move the scalp need the mucus to flow upwards into a around with it. This can feel intense but it is drainage point at the inner edges of the eye brows at the bridge of the nose. To do this like a deep relief if there has been a great deal we need the client to lie down on the couch of tension. There is a point right on the top and then tip their head back. I find a rolled of the head. Watch for a flinch as the client up towel under the neck helps support it and feels discomfort as you touch the blockage. allows them to relax more. Concentrate on it until the energy begins to move through it, and they start to relax. This time, rather than working outwards away from the nose, we are going to start at the edge Essential Oils of the cheekbones and sense the fluid beneath The essential oils that you could choose to the skin. This is both the lymphatic fluid and help allergies, inflammation, and the sinuses the mucus; we are going to use our finger tips are countless. Think of how the Doctrine of to stroke inwards and upwards, in, towards Signatures of evergreens works. Their needles the nose and up towards this emptying point are tight to protect them from losing energy in on the eyebrows. Be light, quick, and efficient. the winter. So, their medicine, when it leaves Be mindful of backflow and keep focusing on the needles is to open, whether that is airways, moving the fluid inwards and upwards.

Next, use petrissage techniques; gently knead the body. Sinus Blend for the Face Very lightly tap all over the sinuses, above and Ingredients: below the cheeks to energise the space and 4 oz. White, unscented lotion then repeat the effleurage movement up to the Essential Oils: drainage point again. 1 drop Manuka (Leptospermum scoparium) Frontal Sinus Massage 1 drop Lemon (Citrus x limonum) This technique is so simple it does not even 1 drop Benzoin (Styrax benzoin) deserve a name! We are simply stroking alternately, left hand then right over the top of Blend the essential oils together in the the bridge of the nose. We are stimulating the white lotion. Apply daily over the cheek points and moving fluid into the sinus drain. bones and forehead to relieve any underlying infection and congestion. Head Massage Suitable for children at this dilution. The symptoms your client presents with Cautions: Phototoxic; do not apply prior to will give you a good indication of where the going out in sunlight. congestion in the head is the worst. The

© Copyright 2016 NAHA Aromatherapy Journal Spring 2016.1 52 Aromatherapy for the Sinuses continued sinuses, lungs. Whichever way...they help you to breathe in fresh air. Every essential oil of the pines, firs, or spruces works wonderfully for opening the airways. Use their pungent aromas in inhalations to move the mucous from every tract.

Other essential oils to use include:

• Melissa (Melissa officinalis): Allergies. • Roman Chamomile (Anthemis nobilis): Soothing allergies (or the emotions). • Tea Tree (Melaleuca alternifolia): Underlying infection. • Myrrh (Commiphora myrrha): Decongesting. • Lemon (Citrus x limonum): Cleansing. • Blue Gum Eucalyptus (Eucalyptus globulus): Decongesting.

• Monarda (Monarda fistulosa): For coughs Aromatic steam inhalation can also be done with dried herbs and colds. or flowers.

Sinus Face Masque Sinus Inhalation

Ingredients: Essential Oils: 1 oz. Powdered Green Clay 1 drop Blue Gum Eucalyptus 1 oz. Borage (Borago officinalis) oil (Eucalyptus globulus) Essential Oils: 1 drop Tea Tree (Melaleuca alternifolia) 1 drop Monarda (Monarda fistulosa) 1 drop Monarda (Monarda fistulosa) 1 drop Frankincense (Boswellia sacra) 1 drop Thyme Place the essential oils into a bowl of hot (Thymus vulgaris ct. linalool) water. Use a towel over your head to make a tent and to enclose the steam. Keep your head at least six inches away from Mix the essential oils with the borage oil and the water to avoid scalding by the steam. then blend into the clay. Smear over the Inhale several times. face, avoiding eyes, nose and mouth. Leave on for 8-10 minutes and then wash off. Cautions: Because of the eucalyptus essential oil in the blend, and the blend is Cautions: Do not use in pregnancy. Do not used on the face, do not use this blend with use with babies and children. children under the age of six years.

I’m not sure if it is coincidence but top note References: essential oils seem to penetrate the mucus, ● Aromatherapy, J. B. (1992). Lesson 18: How to Treat The Sinuses. Walsall, England: Magdalena Press. whereas base note essential oils seem to ● Shapiro, D. (2012). The Body Speaks the Mind. be able to melt it down. This is useful to remember if you want to make a blend that About Elizabeth Ashley: will also address other issues (emotional, for Elizabeth Ashley completed her aromatherapy instance) rather than simply just congestion. training in 1993 with the Jill Bruce School of Getting good at treating sinus problems Aromatherapy and she holds an Advanced is a very useful string to the therapist’s Diploma of Aromatherapy. She is the author of bow because most people understand The Secret Healer series of books available on aromatherapy from this dimension. It is e-book and in paperback on Amazon. potentially the easiest way to convince a potential client just how good you are at your To learn more about Elizabeth, visit her job. Get it right and you will soon be receiving website at www.thesecrethealer.com or e-mail referrals. her at: [email protected]

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by Jade Shutes, B.A., Dipl. AT, CH

Introduction Myrtle is an ancient symbol of wedded love, garlands of myrtle were once worn by Jewish Myrtus communis is an evergreen shrub or women to celebrate their wedding day, and it small tree, generally ten to twenty three feet continues to be carried as a bridal flower in high, and well-branched. The leaves are a dark Mediterranean Europe. It is believed to be a glossy green. The flowers are fragrant and Herb of Protection and is planted near houses white or pinkish. The fruit is a round, reddish- to protect against the “evil eye.” van Wyk and 1 blue to violet berry. Myrtle belongs to the Wink (2004) comment that although myrtle botanical family, Myrtaceae, which includes is not widely used in modern phytotherapy, eucalyptus (Eucalyptus spp.), clove (Syzygium it has been used “since ancient times as an aromaticum), manuka (Leptospermum ingredient of cough syrups to treat chest scoparium), tea tree (Melaleuca alternifolia), infections, congestion, sinusitis and disorders niaouli (M. quinquenervia), cajeput (M. of the urinary tract.”3 leucadentdron) and rosalina (M. ericifolia). Green myrtle essential oil is distilled from the According to Mojay (1997), “the ancient leaves and it is produced most commonly in Egyptians macerated myrtle leaves in wine France. to treat infections and feverish conditions. The Greeks and Romans also used myrtle Blending Information 2 wine for urinary and respiratory infections.” Green myrtle has a camphoraceous, warm, somewhat sweet, fresh aroma that is at once stimulating and clarifying while also being calming and soothing. It is considered to be a top to middle note.

Green myrtle blends well with: Lemon myrtle (Backhousia citriodora), Elemi (Canarium luzonicum), Frankincense (Boswellia sacra), Thyme ct. linalool (Thymus vulgaris), Rosemary ct. cineole (Rosmarinus officinalis), Eucalyptus citriodora, E. globulus, E. radiata, Ravintsara ct. cineole Green Myrtle (Myrtus communis L.) (Cinnamomum camphora), Manuka

(Leptospermum scoparium), Saro Avoid oral use when individual is taking (Cinnamosma fragrans), Hyssop ct. 1,8 diabetes medication. cineole (Hyssopus officinalis), Niaouli (M. Chemical Constituents quinquenervia), and Cistus (Cistus ladanifer). Chemical Feature: Rich in oxide (1,8 Safety Information4 cineole) and monoterpenes (specifically Cautions: Drug interaction; potentially a-pinene). Florihana’s green myrtle essential carcinogenic, based on estragole and oil contains up to 51.52% of a-pinene and methyleugenol content. esters (myrtenyl acetate).

General Chemical Composition of Myrtus communis

Monoterpenes α-thujene (0.4%), α-pinene (14.7-51.52%), β-pinene (0.2-0.3%), β-myrcene (0.2-0.3%), α-phellandrene (0.14-0.4%), delta-3-carene (0.4- 0.65%), α-terpinene (0.06-0.3%), p-cymene (0.9-1.86%), limonene (4.2- 10.36%), γ-terpinene (0.38-0.9%), α-terpinolene (0.36-1.1%), camphene (0.06%), b-pinene (0.5%). b-myrcene (0.17%)

Monoterpene Alcohols linalol (3-10.9%), terpinen-4-ol (0.26-0.3%), α-terpineol (1.06-3.1%), myrtenol (0.6-0.8%), geraniol (0.1-2.6%) Sesquiterpene Alcohols α-humulene (.13-1.5%), β-caryophyllene (0.22-0.6%), bicyclogermacrene (t-0.2%) Esters myrtenyl acetate (5.4-21.6%), α-terpinyl acetate (0.26-1.4%), neryl acetate (0.2-0.3%), geranyl acetate (0.2-0.69%), linalyl acetate (0.58%)

Ketones cryptone (t-0.2%) Phenylpropanoids methyl eugenol (0.11%), methyl chavicol (estragole) (0.11%) Oxides 1,8 cineole (23.9-25.7%)

Source: Mimica-Dukic, N, Bugarin D, Grbovic S, Mitic-Culafic D, Vukovic-Gacic B, Orcic D, Jovin E, Couladis M. (2010). Essential Oil of Myrtus communis L. as a Potential Antioxidant and Antimutagenic Agents. Molecules, 15, 2759-277. and www.florihana.com Green Myrtle Lot#P040214F

Therapeutic Actions Respiratory System: Mucous congestion, Anticatarrhal, anti-infectious, antimicrobial,5 bronchitis, catarrhal conditions, flu, common decongestant (lungs and venal system), cold, asthma, chronic smokers cough (combine expectorant, mucolytic, and tonic to skin. with saro essential oil), sinusitis, “respiratory infections, pneumonia, lung congestion”7 and Core Therapeutic Applications lung infections. Circulatory System: Varicose veins, hemorrhoids, poor circulation, venous stasis.6 Skin: Psoriasis, devitalized/lifeless skin, tonic, Musculoskeletal System: Muscular aches acne, irritated inflamed skin, oily skin, excess and pains, joint stiffness or pain. Kapha, balancing and revitalizing; used at

Sinus Infection Inhaler For Kids: Gentle Decongestant Salve

Equipment Needed: Makes approximately two ounces. Blank inhaler tube Essential Oils: Ingredients: 5 drops niaouli (Melaleuca quinquenervia) 1/4 cup of sesame seed 5 drops lemon (Citrus x limon) (Sesamum indicum) oil or other 10 drops green myrtle (Myrtus communis) vegetable oil 5 drops Eucalyptus radiata 1/4 oz. beeswax (Cera alba) Essential Oils: 10 drops green myrtle (Myrtus communis) Place the required number of drops of each essential oil into a small glass bowl. 10 drops frankincense (Boswellia sacra) 7 drops balsam fir Abies( balsamea) Using an organic cotton pad (cut to size), soak up the essential oils. Place the pad into the tube and then close the tube by placing the bottom on it. Using a double boiler, melt down beeswax with vegetable oil of choice. Once this has The inhaler is now ready to use. melted down, remove from heat. Remove top pan and wipe the bottom of it with paper towel or towel to remove all moisture. Steam Inhalation Alternative: Put the required number of drops of each This blend combination may also be used essential oil into the mixture and stir with for a steam inhalation. To use for steam stainless steel fork. Make sure that you inhalation, combine all essential oils into a do this quickly so that the salve does not small bottle (e.g. a 5ml European dropper harden. bottle) and place five drops of synergy in Pour mixture into two one-ounce glass “boiling” water that has been placed into a or metal containers. Place lid on each bowl. Place towel over your head to make container and allow to harden. Label each a “steam tunnel,” keep eyes closed, and container. Apply to the chest, neck and gently inhale steam. Continue until steam upper back as needed to help relieve has dissipated. congestion.

5% dilution, Myrtus communis essential oil (Pinus sylvestris) essential oil), calming, and promotes wound healing.8 insomnia.

Urinary System: Cystitis, urethritis, Subtle Aromatherapy: Myrtle works with prostatitis (inflammation), urinary tract the Lungs and Bodily Soul, it strengthens infections. the immune system as well as our instinctive Psych and Emotion: Clarifying, capacity for mental-emotional self-protection2 rejuvenating, increases breathing and intake of Green myrtle essential oil has a great affinity oxygen (especially when combined with pine to the lungs.7

Breathing Space References: 1. Weiss, EA. (1997). Essential Oil Crops. United Kingdom. CAB Useful when excess catarrh/mucus is present. International. 2. Mojay, G. (1997). Aromatherapy for Healing the Spirit. Rochester, VT: Healing Arts Press. van Wyk, B. and Wink M. (2004). Medicinal Plants of the Equipment Needed: World. Oregon: Timber Press, p 212. Blank inhaler tube 3. Tisserand, R and Young, R. (2014). Essential Oil Safety. 2nd edition. Churchill Livingstone/Elsevier. Essential Oils: 4. Mimica-Dukic, N, Bugarin D, Grbovic S, Mitic-Culafic D, Vukovic-Gacic 7 drops green myrtle (Myrtus communis) B, Orcic D, Jovin E, Couladis M. (2010). Essential Oil of Myrtus communis 7 drops pine, Scots (Pinus sylvestris) L. as a Potential Antioxidant and Antimutagenic Agents. Molecules, 15, 2759-277. 10 drops Eucalyptus radiata 5. Florihana website: Properties of Green Myrtle: http://www.florihana.com/ en/essential-oils/myrtle-green-organic.html#.Vs81uvkrKUk 6. Haas, M. (2004). Quick Reference Guide for 114 Important Place the required number of drops of each Essential Oils. San Rafael, CA: Linda Scent and Image Books. essential oil into a small glass bowl. 7. Rezaie A, Mohajeri D, Khamene B, Nazeri M, Shishehgar R, Using an organic cotton pad (cut to size), Zakhireh S. (2012). Effect of Myrtus communis on Healing of the soak up the essential oils. Place the pad Experimental Skin Wounds on Rats and its Comparison with Zinc into the tube and then close the tube by Oxide. Current Research Jrnl of Bio. Sciences 4(2): 176-185. placing the bottom on it. The inhaler is About Jade Shutes: now ready to use. An aromatherapy educator for over twenty Energizing Salt Scrub four years, Jade holds a Diploma in Holistic This scrub supports immunity and energy! Aromatherapy, Holistic Massage, Anatomy and Physiology, and Reflexology from the

Ingredients: Raworth College of Natural Medicine (UK), 1 cup of sea salt and a Diploma in Aromatherapy from the 1/2-1 cup of sesame seed International Therapist Examining board (Sesamum indicum) oil or other (ITEC). She has studied with Jan Kusmirek, vegetable oil and has completed Part 1 of the Purdue Essential Oils: University Advanced Studies of Essential 10 drops rosemary ct. cineole Oils, holds a certificate program for Herbal (Rosmarinus officinalis) Medicine, and a certificate for Spa Bodywork. 7 drops ravintsara She is a prolific writer and researcher and (Cinnamomum camphora) believes education is the key to empowerment 7 drops green myrtle (Myrtus communis) when it comes to self-care. She is the owner and Director of Education for The East-West

Combine the essential oils with the sesame School for Herbal and Aromatic Studies. Jade oil in a small bowl. Add in salt. Stir until is the author of the book Aromatherapy for well combined. Store in glass or PET plastic Bodyworkers. container. Use two to three times per week. Caution: Avoid use on newly shaven areas. For more information about Jade please visit her website at: www.theida.com

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by Amber Duncan

Pregnancy is truly an amazing time in a blending tips and essential oil combinations woman’s life but, as with many things in that have the potential to help resolve seven of life, some annoying quirks can accompany the most common issues encountered by the this period of time and bring with it some expectant mommy-to-be. However, first of all, unpleasant physiological complications. In here is a review of which essential oils to avoid this article we will explore some aromatherapy in pregnancy.

Essential Oils to Avoid in Pregnancy

The following essential oils should be avoided in pregnancy for a myriad of reasons. While the reasons vary for each of the following essential oils, it is better for baby and mommy-to-be to steer clear of the following: feverfew (Tanacetum parthenium) lemon myrtle (Backhousia citriodora) ho leaf (Cinnamomum camphor ct. camphor) lemon-scented tea tree (Leptospermum Spanish lavender (Lavandula stoechas) peteronii) sweet birch (Betula lenta) lemon thyme (Thymus lanuginosus var. citriodorum) wintergreen (Gaultheria fragrantissima) Spanish sage (Salvia lavandulifolia) lemon verbena (Aloysia citriodora) savin (Juniperus sabina) Indian dill seed (Anethum sowa) wormwood – all types (Artemisia absinthium) parsley leaf (Petroselinum crispum) green yarrow (Achillea nobilis) parsley seed (Petroselinum crispum) lemon basil (Ocimum x citriodorum) artemisia vestita (Artemisia vestita) lemon ironbark eucalyptus (Eucalyptus staigeriana) genipi (Artemisia genepi) lemon leaf (Citrus x limon) lanyana (Artemisia afra) lemongrass (Cymbopogon citratus) mugwort (Artemisia Vulgaris) may chang (Litsea cubeba) melissa (Melissa officinals) Dalmatian sage (Salvia officinalis) honey myrtle (Melaleuca teretifolia) tansy (Tanacetum vulgare)

Essential Oils to Avoid in Pregnancy (continued) thuja (Thuja occidentalis) anise (Pimpinella anisum)

western red cedar (Thuja plicata) star anise (Illicium verum)

araucaria (Neocallitropsis pancheri) bitter fennel (Foeniculum vulgare)

atractylis (Atractyllodes lancea) sweet fennel (Foeniculum vulgare)

blue cypress (Callitris intratropica) aniseed myrtle (Backhousia anisata).1

Remember when blending essential oils that this essential oil is known to support healing the general recommendation is to keep all on many levels and helps to focus your dilutions in pregnancy to a 1% maximum (5-6 attention and quiet the mind. drops of essential oil per one ounce of carrier). A good alternative to essential oils for For the best safety guidelines, refer to a headaches and migraines would be the use certified aromatherapist, naturopath, or doctor of hydrosols such as lavender hydrosol in a trained in the use of essential oils, especially compress for your neck and forehead. Another in pregnancy, before changing or adding option is a compress with a mix of Roman essential oils to your current regimen. chamomile (Chamaemelum nobile) hydrosol Headaches/Migraines and peppermint (Mentha x piperita) hydrosol.2

While this is only the start of the crippling Sore Muscles headaches that you may suffer throughout My first recommendation for this issue is motherhood, these first pains are just a to schedule an appointment with a licensed reminder that your body is going through massage therapist (LMT) who specializes some very drastic changes. One source of in prenatal massage*. In fact, this is my migraine could be low magnesium levels in the recommendation for all stages of a pregnancy body, so it is worth checking with your doctor —monthly trips to have a massage; any about a potential need for supplements. Some mommy-to-be will no doubt agree that it is essential oils that could help with headaches worth every dollar spent to get some relaxation and migraines are listed below with a couple of and relief. If you are between appointments, or hydrosol options for making compresses: prenatal massage is not the route for you, and Lavender (Lavandula angustifolia) is you find yourself in need of some additional an essential oil that is analgesic, anti- help dealing with the aches and pains, here are inflammatory, antidepressant, antirheumatic, some potential helping essential oils: sedative, immunostimulant and tonic Cypress (Cupressus sempervirens) is an (restoring vitality). essential oil that has many therapeutic Frankincense (Boswellia sacra) is an essential properties including being anti-inflammatory, oil that is analgesic, anti-inflammatory, antirheumatic, antispasmodic, astringent and diuretic and immune-stimulating. Emotionally diuretic.

Remember to combine these three essential oils at a dilution of 1% (5-6 drops of essential oil in one ounce of carrier) for a great relaxing blend that can help to increase circulation and reduce swelling.

Nerve Pain

Another side effect of pregnancy is the pain that you get in your back, sometimes shooting all the way down your leg; this pain is the result of baby compressing your nerves. This is another case where the right carrier oil is going to help you out. I recommend the use of Trauma oil which is an herbal infused oil of arnica (Arnica montana), St. John’s wort (Hypericum perforatum), and calendula (Calendula officinalis) oil. In particular, St. John’s wort oil is known for use with nerve pain and other sharp traumas. In addition SAFETY NOTE It is advised not to have a massage during to this carrier oil, I recommend adding the the first trimester of pregnancy. Before following essential oils at a 1% dilution (5-6 scheduling a massage session, check with drops of essential oil in one ounce of the your physician if you are a high-risk pregnancy carrier) and picking a blend of them that or if you have other health issues that require your physician's written consent. smells good to you: Ginger (Zingiber officinale) is an essential oil known for its warming properties; it is also Lavender (Lavandula angustifolia) is an analgesic, anti-inflammatory and rubefacient. essential oil that is great for many problems, and sore muscles are no exception. The Frankincense (Boswellia sacra) is an essential therapeutic properties of this oil include being oil that is analgesic, anti-inflammatory, diuretic and immune-stimulating. analgesic, anti-inflammatory, antirheumatic and antispasmodic. Helichrysum (Helichrysum italicum) is an essential oil that you do not need to use a lot Juniper berry (Juniperus communis) has of to obtain some great benefits. If you include therapeutic properties relating to sore muscles this essential oil in your blend, one drop will which include analgesic, anti-inflammatory, add a great synergy to your blend. In addition, antirheumatic, antispasmodic, astringent, this essential oil has the therapeutic properties circulatory stimulant, diuretic, rubefacient, of being analgesic, anti-inflammatory and vasodilating and warming properties. antispasmodic.

Stretch Marks for helping prevent stretch marks because of the content of vitamin E which lends itself to “Earning your stripes” has become a very improving skin flexibility.5 literal process for many women entering motherhood and stretch marks are often one An example of use would be to keep a ailment that sticks with them long after the 1:1:1 blend of the above three carriers in a baby has grown. There is some debate as to container; you can then use the blend any time whether one can avoid getting them, as some you would regularly use lotion, especially for research is being done trying to link stretch areas prone to, or already showing, stretch marks to genetics.3 In an attempt to prevent marks. them, the best thing that you can do is to stay well hydrated and moisturize your skin Directions for Making: frequently throughout your pregnancy. Listed 1. Gently heat the cocoa butter in a double below are some carrier oils that you may find boiler. useful. Use any of these carrier oils/butters in lieu of expensive stretch mark creams or your 2. Add the other two carrier oils and stir well. usual store lotions and you will probably see an 3. Remove from the heat source. improvement in your general skin appearance, 4. Pour into your chosen container (the size of in addition to the potential to help avoid those your container depends on how much you pesky stretch marks. are making). Attach the lid. Avocado (Persea americana) oil is a Note: If this blend is too thin you can add nourishing, penetrating carrier known for beeswax to your double boiler first. A good improving the elasticity of skin. ratio for adding beeswax is to use a total of six ounces of butters and oils for every one ounce Baobab seed (Adansonia digitate) oil is also a of beeswax. This ratio will produce a product very nourishing oil that is used for helping to similar in texture to a body butter. Allow the heal scars and regenerate epithelial tissue.4 beeswax to melt, then add the cocoa butter, Cocoa butter (Theobroma cacao) is known followed by the avocado oil and the baobab

© Copyright 2016 NAHA Aromatherapy Journal Spring 2016.1 66 Blending for Pregnancy continued seed oil . This will add some thickness to your five to six drops of essential oil (refer to overall blend. the manufacturer’s guidelines for specific allowances for your diffuser). Run your Hormonal Swings diffuser for a cycle of thirty minutes on, and During pregnancy, the shifting of hormones one hour off, for optimum enjoyment and can wreck your emotional state and make you comfort. act and feel much differently than “you.” The Anxiety following essential oils may help to ground the expectant mother and bring her back to how Anxiety is defined as distress or uneasiness she felt prior to pregnancy: of the mind caused by fear of danger or misfortune.6 In pregnancy this uneasiness can Roman chamomile (Chamaemelum nobile) manifest into worry not only for the pregnancy is a sedative, tonic, and is emotionally and baby-related concerns, but excessive known to calm, sedate and reduce worry over every little thing. There over-thinking. Citrus aurantium var. amara (flos) ) © NAHA Image Database are many essential oils that

Bergamot (Citrus bergamia) could tentatively help calm Neroli ( is a sedative that is the mommy- to-be: emotionally known to relax, calm, and reduce Bergamot (Citrus anxiety. bergamia) is an essential oil that is antidepressant, Ylang Ylang (Cananga sedative, emotionally odorata) is also a sedative relaxing and calming while that can help you to relax and being uplifting. experience joy. Lavender (Lavandula angustifolia) Hormonal swings are another issue that is an essential oil that is antidepressant, is helped by inhalation of essential oils. Thus sedative, immune-stimulating and emotionally making an aromatherapy inhaler, or a diffuser is known to calm, nurture and reduce both blend, is a great way to enjoy the effects of anxiety and fear. these oils. In the blend there does not need to be a lot of ylang ylang (Cananga odorata) Neroli (Citrus aurantium var. amara (flos)) essential oil as it can quickly overwhelm a is an essential oil that is also antidepressant, blend. Use the three essential oils listed above a sedative, and immune-stimulating. and create a blend that you enjoy. Emotionally this essential oil is known to help relax nerves and calm and sooth the body. An example of a blend for an aromatherapy diffuser is to add one drop of ylang ylang Ylang Ylang (Cananga odorata) is an essential essential oil, one drop of Roman chamomile oil that is antidepressant, a sedative along with essential oil and four drops of bergamot being hypotensive. This essential oil is also essential oil. This blend does assume that known to relax and help people to experience your aromatherapy diffuser allows for true joy.

A quick product to make up and is easy to have Sweet Marjoram (Origanum marjorana) on hand is an aromatherapy inhaler. essential oil has therapeutic properties that For a great anxiety blend combine the include being analgesic, antispasmodic, a following essential oils: digestive aid and vasodilating. • 5 drops bergamot (Citrus bergamia) Roman chamomile (Chamaemelum nobile) • 5 drops ylang ylang (Cananga odorata) • 7 drops neroli is an essential oil that is considered to be (Citrus aurantium var. amara (flos)) analgesic, antispasmodic and a digestive aid. • 3 drops of lavender A great aromatherapy blend for constipation (Lavandula angustifolia). issues is a combination of the above essential Add the blend to the blank aromatherapy oils with a massage lotion or oil base for inhaler. Use the inhaler every time you start massage over the abdomen area. You need to feel anxious; this blend should help to calm to keep the blend at 1% which is 5-6 drops of feelings of anxiety rather quickly. This would essential oil per ounce of carrier used. also be a good time to work on your deep breathing and find a focus point to help you I recommend the following aromatherapy blend: relax. Both essential oils and deep breathing are great tools to have in your bag when labor time arrives! Constipation Relief Blend

Constipation Ingredients: Jojoba (Simmondsia chinensis) as a This has to be one of the least favorite issues of carrier oil for its ease of application pregnancy as it can be exacerbated by the very and absorption. vitamins that are supposed to help baby grow Essential Oils: in pregnancy. Try the following essential oils: 2 drops of sweet orange (Citrus sinensis) Sweet orange (Citrus sinensis) is an essential 2 drops sweet marjoram oil with therapeutic properties including (Origanum majorana) antispasmodic, digestive aid, and tonic. This 1 drop bergamot (Citrus bergamia) essential oil is recommended for use at a 1 drop Roman chamomile maximum of 1-2% in applications to the skin (Chamaemelum nobile) due to a potential for skin irritation, and should be kept at 1% or less during pregnancy. Rub a small, dime-sized amount of this Bergamot (Citrus bergamia) is a phototoxic blend over your tummy when constipation essential oil; this means that any area that may occurs; use two to three times per day as needed. exposed to sunlight should not have a topical Cautions for Use: Bergamot essential dilution of more than 0.4%.1 The therapeutic oil is phototoxic; avoid sun to the area properties of this essential oil that are of application for 12-24 hours after helpful for constipation issues are analgesic, application. antispasmodic, carminative, and cooling.

References: she decided to obtain a certification in 1. Tisserand, R., & Young, R. (2014). Essential Oil Safety (2nd ed.). aromatherapy from Aromahead Institute. Churchill Livingstone 2. Elsevier.Catty, S. (2001). Hydrosols- The Next Aromatherapy. Since then she and her family have returned to Rochester, VT: Healing Arts Press. Ohio and she began her own business Holistic 3. 23andMe Conducts the First Genetic Study of Non-Syndromic Striae Distensae (Stretch Marks). (2013, August 22). Retrieved Health Helper LLC. She has also recently February 17, 2016: http://mediacenter.23andme.com/blog/ completed the Advanced Graduate Program stretch_marks_2013/ 4. Baobab Seed Oil. (n.d.). Retrieved February 17, 2016: http:// through Aromahead Institute and looks oilhealthbenefits.com/baobab-oil/ forward to enhancing her studies by beginning 5. Cocoa Butter. (n.d.). Retrieved February 17, 2016: http://www. oilsandplants.com/cocoabutter.htm a Master Herbalist course. When not studying, 6. Anxiety. (n.d.). Retrieved January 20, 2016: http://dictionary. and teaching about aromatherapy, Amber is reference.com/browse/anxiety?s=t embracing the season that is her three children being six and under with all the joys and About Amber Duncan: headaches that brings. Amber Duncan graduated in 2009 with a Bachelor’s degree in Psychology. Shortly Learn more about Amber by visiting her afterwards she found her family relocated to website at: www.holistichealthhelper.com, Okinawa, Japan where she was introduced to her Facebook page at: www.facebook.com/ the wonderful world of holistic healing. Feeling DuncanClanHealthHelpers or email her at: drawn to essential oils and aromatherapy [email protected]

Spring 2016.1 NAHA’s Aromatherapy Journal © Copyright 2016 NAHA 69 •Pure & Genuine Essential Oils •Aromatherapy Skin & Body Care •Herbal & Dietary Supplements •Custom Product Development •Private Label

Windrose Aromatics authentic aromatherapy

www.timelabs.com 877-846-3522

by Sharon Falsetto Author Demetria Clark Demetria Clark is both a herbalist and an aromatherapist, offering certification courses in both subjects. She is author of several books, including her latest, Aromatherapy and Herbal Remedies for Pregnancy, Birth, and Breastfeeding, which was published in 2015.

Review of Aromatherapy and Herbal the section on buying essential oils, Demetria Remedies for Pregnancy, Birth, and Clark discusses use of proper containers, Breastfeeding storing essential oils properly, the shelf life of essential oils, mixing essential oils, and Demetria Clark brings years of experience cleaning your bottles and droppers. as both a lay midwife and doula to her new book, in addition to her training in herbalism Numerous essential oils and herbs are and aromatherapy, so you feel confident from discussed for pregnancy, labor, and the start that this is a book that has been breastfeeding, including botanical names written by someone with both knowledge and to avoid any confusion. Each essential oil experience in the area. Even if your knowledge and herb is given one to two paragraphs to of aromatherapy and herbalism is limited or highlight its beneficial properties for use. In non-existent, prior to reading this book, I am addition to providing “safe” essential oils to confident that after reading it, you should have use, Demetria Clark also lists essential oils to enough information to safely use the remedies avoid in pregnancy – and in general. The same contained within it. descriptions and safety advice are given in the The book is just short of 200 pages and section on herbs. contains eight chapters – the first of which introduce you to aromatherapy, essential oils, Approximately half of the book is given over and herbal remedies. The basics of using, to actual recipes and remedies for herbal storing, and buying essential oils are covered and essential oil use in pregnancy, birth, with similar advice given for herbs, in addition and breastfeeding, covering just about every to a brief description on the types of bases to symptom or problem associated with this time use for your essential oil and herbal remedies. of life. If you are unfamiliar with the birthing There is just enough information to get started process and postpartum concerns, Demetria making these remedies, but not enough for Clark discusses some of the common problems beginners to be overwhelmed. For example, in and procedures that you might encounter

At the back of the book, there is a handy glossary of terms such as abortifacient, galactagogue, and episiotomy, terms all new moms should be familiar with, and will be, after reading this book.

Summary

Demetria Clark’s years of experience and knowledge in aromatherapy and herbalism is demonstrated extremely well in this book and I feel that any new mom interested in using aromatherapy and herbal remedies will benefit from reading Aromatherapy and Herbal Remedies for Pregnancy, Birth, and Breastfeeding.

You can purchase a copy of Aromatherapy and Herbal Remedies for Pregnancy, Birth, and Breast Feeding through the NAHA bookstore.

An Interview with Demetria Clark were pregnant, offering them “cure-alls.” The NAHA’s Aromatherapy Journal recently fear and safety implications of these practices caught up with Demetria to ask her a few inspired me. It worried me that unsafe questions about her book’s new release and posts online were being taken as safe usage how her experience, and the lack of “safe” guidelines. information on using aromatherapy and herbal remedies in pregnancy and childbirth, Secondly, in addition to running an herbal influenced her decision to write this book. and aromatherapy educational program, I also run Birth Arts International. Birth You have been practicing and teaching Arts International trains doula, childbirth aromatherapy and herbalism for a long educators, postpartum doulas, breastfeeding time now, with several other books educators and midwife assistants, and I already published. What inspired you to wanted to make sure that safe information was write this particular book? available to people who worked with pregnant women. I was inspired to write this book from a few different avenues. Firstly, there is a massive Thirdly, there is a lack of pregnancy, birth amount of unsafe aromatherapy information and breastfeeding information and education and “cocktails” being sold to women when they for women who are interested in using

© Copyright 2016 NAHA Aromatherapy Journal Spring 2016.1 72 Interview with Demetria Clark continued aromatherapy. I wanted to support women same manner as the herbal remedy. The herb who were looking for safe alternatives and spearmint (Mentha spicata) can be a beneficial options for their own pregnancy and make infusion (tea) for stomach issues (morning sure that safe information is available. sickness, nausea, gas, motion sickness) antispasmodic, nasal congestion, sore muscles, I respect a family’s autonomy, but I feel that and sports injuries. The herb can be used safety is essential and options deserve to be in teas, liniments, tinctures, compresses, explored. salves and many applications for internal and I love that the book provides both external use. aromatherapy and herbal remedies for pregnancy, birth, and breastfeeding, as I like to think that the essential oil of I believe that both practices work well spearmint (Mentha spicata) is a gentler cousin together. However, is there any instance to peppermint (Mentha x piperita), although where you would recommend using some differences are present. Many people aromatherapy remedies over herbal like the gentler smell of spearmint and find it a remedies, or vice versa, in pregnancy? great alternative for women who are pregnant or in use with small children. I would suggest using herbalism over aromatherapy for internal and nutritional Spearmint essential oil can be used for topical applications. Essential oils should not be used issues as compresses, washes and liniments for internally, especially in pregnancy. Essential issues like scabies, shingles and itchy irritated oils can be great for topical issues, issues skin. that can be alleviated by inhalation, or for When would you not recommend mental/emotional issues. In addition, essential using aromatherapy and/or herbal oils can be great additions to topical herbal remedies for pregnancy, birth, and/or applications like liniments, salves, infused oils, and lotions. breastfeeding?

What’s the difference between, for I do not recommend herbal or aromatherapy example, using spearmint (Mentha remedies for pregnancy, birth and spicata) essential oil and the herb breastfeeding in the following scenarios: spearmint? Are there any important ● The client is not talking to their primary points to remember when choosing care provider about the issue because they do to use an aromatherapy remedy or a not want to talk to their provider about the herbal remedy for a condition? issue or they’re wanting to use other therapies First and foremost, herbalism and in pregnancy. An open dialog needs to present aromatherapy are two completely different so the midwife or doctor is not surprised by types of healing and instructions for one the use of herbs, or prescribe a treatment should never be substituted for another. In that would cause contraindications. I am a the aromatherapy world I have seen issues firm believer that communication is key to occur when the essential oil is used in the encouraging optimal health.

● Use of herbs or essential oils in acute care ● Consuming essential oils internally, for any situations, when the women needs immediate reason during this time. care and that care is put off in order to I love using herbs and essential oils explore herbal or aromatherapy treatment, in pregnancy, birth, postpartum and like eclampsia, pre-eclampsia, preterm labor, breastfeeding, and I feel a balance can be bleeding or other potentially life-threatening achieved with smart, educated use and issues. consumption. ● Using unsafe herbs or essential oils based on Do you have a notable story to share internet research or information from product about using aromatherapy and/or companies. In my experience this is when we herbal remedies during pregnancy, have severe issues especially with essential birth, or breastfeeding? oils, like drinking them in a “cocktail” to prevent or bring on an action. I have lots of personal “success” stories of ● When the client is not willing to do options I have offered clients. For instance: appropriate research, ask questions, and look Using a tea with rosehips (Rosa canina), at real evidence based information. nettles (Urtica dioica), and red raspberry leaf (Rubus idaeus) for anemia in early pregnancy.

Leg Cramp Oil The use of lemon (Citrus x limon) for nausea and morning sickness. This is often far more Extract from Page 120 of Aromatherapy and Herbal Remedies for Pregnancy, Birth, and effective than peppermint (Mentha x piperita) Breastfeeding by Demetria Clark. or spearmint (Mentha spicata). This recipe can also be beneficial for tired legs, athletic legs, and sore muscles in the Using a St. John’s wort (Hypericum back and shoulders. Yield: 2 ounces perforatum) infused oil or liniment for sciatic and back pain during labor.

Ingredients: A long time ago I had a wonderful result that 2 oz. St. John’s wort began a protocol. Once I was working with (Hypericum perforatum) infused oil a woman who was pregnant and hoping to Essential Oils: have a vaginal birth instead of a cesarean. She 5 drops grapefruit (Citrus x paradisi) had an issue of herpes and she was starting to experience an outbreak. She called me in a 5 drops neroli panic and asked what she could do. I advised (Citrus aurantium var. amara (flos)) her to clear this with her doctor, but I didn’t

Combine the ingredients together. think it would pose an issue. My suggestion Shake well. was that she drink lemon balm (Melissa officinalis) tea, and apply/rub crushed, fresh Using a gentle upward and sweeping motion, rub into the skin on your legs lemon balm leaf to the areas she felt tingling before bedtime. and where her outbreaks commonly were. Her doctor approved the advice and she was able

LEFT: Rosehips (Rosa canina) © NAHA Image Database, RIGHT: Lemon balm (Melissa officinalis) © NAHA Image Database to fend off an outbreak and have the birth she To learn more about Demetria, visit her Hearts desired. I have made this suggestion often and of Herbs website at: www.heartofherbs.com have yet heard of it not working. The great part and the doula training program, Birth Arts about this is that most grocery stores in the International. www.birtharts.com. United States carry fresh lemon balm in the About Sharon Falsetto: produce section year round. Sharon Falsetto is a UK-certified clinical About Demetria Clark: aromatherapist. She has been living in the Demetria Clark writes the must-have books for United States since 2006 and is the founder anyone interested in herbs or aromatherapy. and owner of Sedona Aromatherapie. Sharon’s Demetria is a North American herbalist main focus is on her growing home study specializing in herbals for pregnancy, birth, aromatherapy certification program, offering postpartum, nursing and children. She is a both level one and level two NAHA approved traditional family herbalist. She has worked courses. She is also an approved continuing with families for over twenty years as an education provider for NCBTMB. Sharon has herbalist, aromatherapist, midwife, doula, written professionally for eight years, and has and traditional medicine maker. She works written and edited books, courses, e-books, extensively in the US and Europe, blending articles, and corporate literature for both start- the traditions of both places. She has taken up and established aromatherapy businesses. her herbal and aromatherapy work with her to She also offers a custom aromatherapy twenty-two countries, immersing herself in the blending service from her home studio in world’s traditions. Sedona, Arizona. Sharon’s aromatherapy book, Authentic Aromatherapy, was published in Demetria believes in families having options to 2014, and is to be re-printed later this year. self-empower and to have health and wellness Sharon is the current chief editor of the NAHA options. She has raised her two teenage sons Aromatherapy Journal and the NAHA regional with herbs, she homeschools, and she is a director for Arizona. You can visit Sharon’s family advocate. website at: www.sedonaaromatherapie.com or She is the Founder and Director of Heart of email her at: Herbs Herbal School. [email protected]

Spring Into Action Roll-on NAHA Directors are both diverse and knowledgeable in their various areas by Jennifer Pressimone (Florida, NAHA VP) of aromatherapy expertise! Here is a roundup of some of their favorite Ingredients: Spring recipes! 0.33 oz. aloe vera gel (Aloe barbadensis) “Refreshing and nourishing, allowing you to Directions: embrace the journey.” In a 0.33oz. glass roll-on bottle, add in 50% of the Essential Oils: aloe vera gel, followed by the essential oils. Place the rollerball gently on top of the bottle, without 2 drops thyme (Thymus vulgaris ct. linalool) pressing it down. Take the bottle between your “Revitalizing, to bring movement and get you hands and roll it gently back and forth to help the into a rhythm.” essential oils marry into the aloe vera gel. 2 drops bay laurel* (Laurus nobilis) The roller top will help to avoid the oils from splashing out. “For concentration, to strengthen cognition and to move past what is holding you back.” Next, add in the remaining aloe vera gel, secure the rollerball tightly and cap the bottle. Shake the 4 drops blue gum eucalyptus (Eucalyptus globulus) bottle until blended well. Take your time making “Clearing, refreshing, inspiring and motivating, this blend, enjoying every detail and being present giving you room to be your best.” in the moment. This will set the tone for your blend and the inspiration it will lend you when you 6 drops lemon** (Citrus x limonum) use it. Apply to your pulse points several times a “Purifies your spirit, bringing sunshine to light up day to motivate you. your path." Cautions: * Avoid use in pregnancy. **Avoid use 6 drops blood orange (Citrus sinensis) of tanning beds and prolonged sun exposure for “Nourishes the adrenal glands and allows twenty four hours after application.

creativity to flourish.” Jennifer's Tip: A motivational blend to inspire 1 drop anise (Pimpinella anisum) creativity and movement to pursue and conquer “Helps you to overcome fatigue, move beyond your goals and dreams. your hesitations and to take action.” Excerpted from JennScents Recipes

“Don’t Be Shy” Aromatic Spritzer Hydrosol Sinus Wash for Spring Allergy Relief

by Miriam Carl, CA (Illinois) by Liz Fulcher (Pennsylvania)

Ingredients: Ingredients: 2 oz. distilled water 1 oz. distilled water Essential Oils: Hydrosols: 10 drops lime (Citrus aurantifolia) 0.5 oz. organic lavender (Lavandula angustifolia) 22 drops sweet orange (Citrus sinensis) 0.5 oz. organic German chamomile 2 drops blood orange (Citrus sinensis) (Matricaria recutita) 7 drops coriander (Coriandrum sativum)

3 drops jasmine grandiflorum Add 1 oz. of tepid distilled water to a Neti pot.* (Jasminum grandiflorum) Add in 0.5 oz. each of lavender and German chamomile hydrosols. Rinse your sinus passages once day, twice a day during allergy season. Combine all essential oils and absolutes in a 2 oz., dark glass spray bottle. Add distilled water and shake Liz’s Tip: Routinely flushing your nasal passages bottle to combine all ingredients. Shake before using. will help to relieve nasal dryness and allergy symptoms, as well as clearing excess mucus from Caution: Avoid use of tanning beds and prolonged sinus passages. sun exposure for twenty four hours after application. Miriam’s Tip: This refreshing blend is excellent when *Safety Notes for Using a Neti Pot: you need a mental and emotional lift. It’s helpful for Always use distilled water to avoid infections. the transition from winter to spring and promotes Always clean (and sterilize) your neti pot before joy, confidence, and enthusiasm. use.

Aromatic Spring Detox Facial Steam Sitting at a table, drape a towel over your head, bending over the bowl at least eight inches from water level, to form a tent. If the water is too hot, by Valerie Cooksley, RN, OCN, FAAIM, CERT release it by lifting the towel momentarily. (Texas) Relax and keep your eyes closed during the steam Ingredients: treatment. The treatment lasts for five to ten 4 to 6 cups hot water (mineral, purified or minutes or until the water has cooled. Gently pat distilled) your face with the towel to dry. Follow with your favorite toner or hydrosol. Essential Oils: 1 drop bergamot (Citrus bergamia) Valerie’s Tip: This is so easy to-do recipe, and has a fresh, citrusy scent providing powerful skin cleansing 1 drop lemon (Citrus x limonum) and tonifying affects. A nice thick ceramic bowl works 1 drop grapefruit (Citrus x paradisi) best as it tends to hold the heat better. You can 1 drop lavender (Lavandula angustifolia) substitute other essential oils according to your skin type or skincare goals as well as utilize an herbal infusion instead of plain water. Heat the water to near boiling. Pour the hot water into a ceramic or heat-resistant glass bowl. Add the Adapted from Valerie’s book: Aromatherapy: A essential oils. Holistic Guide to Natural Healing with Essential Oils

Spring 2016.1 NAHA’s Aromatherapy Journal © Copyright 2016 NAHA 77 INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF clinical aromatherapy presents Editor: Rhiannon Lewis Associate Editor: Gabriel Mojay NAHA Branded Gear A unique resource for enhancing clinical practice Written by practitioners for practitioners

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Explore Aromatherapy Advertise and Promote NAHA’s Explore Aromatherapy booklet is Your Business in the a beautiful and informative resource for Aromatherapy Journal The National Association for Holistic Aromatherapy information on Aromatherapy, Essential Click here for more information Oils, Chemistry, Base Oils, Hydrosols and Safety. This invaluable tool will help you educate the public and your clients/customers on the benefits of aromatherapy. There is space on the back cover to place your contact information. To order, click here 2015-2016 AROMATHERAPY PUBLICATIONS Media Guide NAHA Aromatherapy Journal www.naha.org Aromatherapy Thymes The National Association for Holistic Aromatherapy www.aromatherapythymes.com Aromatherapy Journal The National Association forIn Holisticthis AromatherapyIssue: ● BeyondJournal Aromatics Conference Review romatherapy● Attentive and Calm A ● A Year with Morphology: Wood The National Association for Holistic Aromatherapy Aromatherapy Today Journal ● Polycystic Ovary Syndrome In this Issue: ● Tocopherol, Carotene, Phenolic Contents and A Year with Morphology Aromatherapy Journal Antibacterial Properties of Rose Essential Oil, Geranium - Pelargonium sp. Record Keeping Hydrosol and Absolute www.aromatherapytoday.com Calendula Herbal Oil and Much More! In this Issue: Chickweed and Violet Making and Using Flower Essences ● Winter Reflection and the Wisdom of Aging and Much More! ● Winter Tea Recipes ● A Year with Morphology: Roots ● Beneficial Essential Oils and Drug Interactions International Journal of ● Tea Tree Oil & MRSA and Much More Clinical Aromatherapy ! Aromatherapy E-Journal Autumn 2014.3 www.ijca.net AromatherapySpring E-Journal 2014.1

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AROMATHERAPY SCHOOLS & including Seattle, WA, New York, NY, St. CORRESPONDENCE COURSES Louis, MO and Chapel Hill, NC. The school features a NEW Online Organic Body Care Aromahead Institute School of Products Certification program and a com- Essential Oil Studies prehensive Online program on the Aromatic Chemistry: By and For the Aromatherapist. Instructor: Andrea Butje. Learn online or Other specialized certification programs in- in person. 200 hour NAHA approved Cer- clude: Aromatic Applications for the Skin tification Program (level 1 and 2 covered and the Dynamics of Blending. Jade also in a single course). Improve your skills offers a range of Reference manuals. Ap- and advance the Aromatherapy Profes- proved for Massage Therapy CE hours in sion by completing Aromahead’s Scholar’s Florida and Nationally through NCBTMB. Program, a 400 hour certification consist- theida.com ing of advanced aromatherapy chemistry, therapeutic blending, business skills, Institute of Integrative teacher training. and incorporating a wider Aromatherapy - Boulder, CO range of essential oils. Classes approved The Integrative Aromatherapy® Certifi- for Massage Therapy CEU’s in Florida, cate Program, established in 1998, pro- New York and by the National Certification vides a nationally recognized professional Board for Therapeutic Massage and Body- and clinical distance learning program that work (NCBTMB). includes one- to-one mentoring with the aromahead.com expert nurse aromatherapist, Laraine Kyle Ashi Aromatics–Animal Pounds, RN, BSN, MSN, CMT. This exten- Aromatherapy Education sive program includes the basics as well as specialized essential oil applications for Do you love animals? Looking for an ex- holistic and integrative healthcare. This citing career working with animals? If so, program has been nationally endorsed by check out our: Animal Aromatherapy Practi- NAHA for Levels I and II, and approved for tioner Certification Course(sm). Our course educational contact hours for nurses and offers a 300+ hour educational module massage therapists through AHNA and program, individual mentor-based training NCBTMB. with course content specific to animal aro- aroma-rn.com matherapy/flower essences. Approved by NAHA, H.A.A. & NCBTMB. Instructor: Kelly Institute of Integrative Holland Azzaro, RA, CCAP, CBFP, LMT offers over 25 years professional animal aroma- Aromatherapy therapy experience. PETA Approved Cruel- Institute of Integrative Aromatherapy: ty-free Vegan products for people and their The Certificate Program in Integrative animal friends. Aromatherapy offers a very comprehensive, ashitherapy.com clinical and holistic focused, correspondence course for health professionals and non- East-West School for professionals. You will be personally Herbal & Aromatic Studies mentored by author and Holistic Nurse Instructor: Jade Shutes. The EWSHAS is Aromatherapist, Valerie Cooksley. The a WA state approved post-secondary edu- certification is fully endorsed by the AHNA, cational facility offering Foundations, Ad- NCBTMB and NAHA (Level I and II). Contact vanced Graduate certificate programs in hours available for Nurses and Massage Holistic and Clinical Aromatherapy. Classes therapists. Contact: Valerie Cooksley, RN are offered throughout the United States, OCN, FAAIM. floramedica.com

Pacific Institute of Aromatherapy Course is authored by Kurt Schnaubelt, PhD International Correspondence Course, and comprises over 350 pages of clearly Seminars and Conferences • Since 1985 presented information on the most rel- Pacific Institute of Aromatherapy has offered evant topics in the field of aromatherapy. high-level study materials, examination and The materials presented range from certification by correspondence to enthusi- scientific facts to the very subjective field asts all over the world. The Aromatherapy of fragrance and emotion. newpacificinstituteofaromatherapy.com

Sedona Aromatherapie for business and pleasure, conducts both With a decade of professional experience in business and personal consultations for the United States, UK-certified aromatherapist your specific needs, and offers an extensive Sharon Falsetto of Sedona Aromatherapie professional writing and editing service tutors a comprehensive home study aroma- for articles, e-books, journals, books, and therapy program (NAHA-approved Levels websites. Custom products and services are 1 & 2), creates custom aromatherapy blends our specialty! sedonaaromatherapie.com

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Disclaimer: NAHA and the NAHA Editorial Board healthcare problems before using essential oils. Keep all cannot accept responsibility or liability for the information aromatherapy products out of reach of children and pets. contained in the NAHA Aromatherapy Journal/E- Before using essential oils and aromatherapy products Booklets or on the NAHA Website. The information is please consult with a professional aromatherapist. shared for educational purposes only and is not intended to diagnose or take the place of professional healthcare. NAHA asks that all authors and contributors include The opinions expressed by the authors in this journal or information on safe use of essential oils and clearly define NAHA’s e-booklets do not necessarily reflect the opinions each essential oil’s common name and Latin binomial(s). of NAHA. NAHA has the right to accept or reject any articles, advertisements or content submitted. NAHA website is Please consult your health care practitioner if you are a resource-full area for information on Aromatherapy pregnant or have been diagnosed with any serious Safety, Applications and Uses. www.naha.org

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