Figure 2: Research on facebook and forum

1.2 Details research of attractions

Figure 3 shows which attractions of the most popular.

Anna MALTSEVA, Kermen BAINKHARAEVA, Aleksandra PINAEVA, Michal VIK Technical University of Liberec

Light Navigation Around the Republic of Kalmikia, RUSSIA

Abstract. is a unique region in the Russian Federation as its identity dramatically different from other regions of the European part of Russia. It is an intercultural westernmost part of Russia, which professes Buddhism; its traditions are tightly connected with its religion creating a nonrecurring environment. "Navigation system of Kalmykia, Russia", tries to solve an existing problem of promoting the cultural heritage of the Republic both within Russia and abroad. One of the goals of this project is to attract people to Kalmykia, introduce them to the Buddhist culture and boost the development of the whole region, as Kalmykia is not yet a very well known place, despite its outstanding beauty. Based on a thorough research of Buddhist philosophy, traditions and culture the concept of a special navigation system was developed. This system

crosslinks traditions, legends and beliefs with modern technologies. The concept of a tourist navigation system in the form of a network of laser beams with the possible application of special textiles and reflective elements was proposed. This connects the design with modern technologies and improves communication between cultural researchers and technical developers. Tourists will find a special light net with beacons near every place of importance. Furthermore, this solution resulted in the creation of a website. Figure 3: The most popular attractions of Kalmykia Keywords: light, integration, Buddhism philosophy, concept of design

Figure 4 shows location attractions on the map Republic of Kalmykia. Introduction season starts on many water reservoirs already in May. Kalmykia is a unique region in the Russian Federation Attractions location is showed on the map Republic of as its identity dramatically different from other regions of the Kalmykia in the Figure 2. European part of Russia. The Kalmyk people or is the name given to the , western in Russia, whose ancestors migrated from Dzhungaria in 1607. They created the Kalmyk in 1630-1724 in Russia’s territory. Today they form a majority in the autonomous Republic of Kalmykia on the western shore of the Caspian Sea. Kalmykia has Europe’s only Buddhist government. The republic is located in the south-western part of European Russia and borders, clockwise, with Volgograd1. A nalysis Oblast inof thethe northwest situation and north,

OblastKalmykia in theis a north unique and region east, in the the Republic Russian ofFederation Dagestan as in its identity dramatically different from other theregions south, of Stavropol the European Krai partin the of southwest,Russia. It is andan intercultural with Rostov westernmost part of Russia. Figure 1 shows a Oblastlocation in the Republicwest. It ofis Kalmykiawashed byin Russiathe Caspian. Sea in the southeast. Figure 1 shows a location the Republic of

Kalmykia in Russia. Fig.2. Location attractions on the map Republic of Kalmykia

The aim of this work is to attract people to Kalmykia and Figure 4: Location attractions on the map Republic of Kalmykia introduce them to the sights and traditions of the Republic

and also to tell about its Buddhist culture. The concept of the project is a legend, which is based on the philosophy of Buddhism. According to this philosophy, one must develop comprehensively, both outside and inside. It longs for the "ideal" knowledge of pure existence, one's body, physical culture and ancestor worship. Each Kalmykia monument is a source of energy that comes and helps it achieve that ideal. This energy is spread out in all directions, it crosses and creates a strange 'routing network.

Fig.1. Location the Republic of Kalmykia in Russia Concept of design

Figure 1: Map a location the Republic of Kalmykia A visitor of Kalmykia has the opportunity to walk this TheNevertheless aim of my work the isresearch to attract showed people thatto Kalmykia the popularity and introduce of "way", them ato way the thatsights was and once traditions walked of theby Ojrati since the days KalmykiaRepublic and is very also to low tell [1] about. Kalmykia its Buddhist can culture. expose The unique conce pt of paganismthe project to is Buddhist.a legend, whThisich path is based leads across the country and ends in its center in ELISTA. The essence of paganism naturalon the monuments, philosophy of reserve Buddhism locations,. According rich to flora this philosophy,and rare one must develop comprehensively, both is the worship of nature, its elements, animals, humans and birds.outside It isand the in side. route It oflongs the for Gr theeat "ideal" Silk Road, knowledge dwelling of pure of existance, one's body, physical culture and Khazars, place of the cities and remains of plants. Therefore the journey starts with exploring nature, its ancestor worship. Each Kalmykia monument is a source of energy that comes and helps it achieve that Sarai Berke, the second capital of the Golden Horde. The diversity and therapeutic abilities. All of the memorable greatideal. Historical This energy Crossroads, is spread out thein all centerdirections, of theit crosses Eurasian and creates places a strange in the 'routing Republic network. are tied to the pagan believes of the continent is located here. Advantageous geographical Kalmyk people and help a human to understand human locati1.1 onR ofesearch the republic of situation is favorable to the development of nature and find unity with it. tourism. The climate of the republic is continental with a A person is ready to recognize a new religious moderateFigure 2 showslittle snowy research winter on facebookand hot summers. and forum The. The bathing research showedmovement that the that popularity appeared of hereKalmykia - Buddhism. is Before that very low.

DOI: 10.13164/conf.light.2015.191 191 LIGHT SVĚTLO 2015

person sights of the capital city, Elista, open. The goal of The path of self-knowledge begins with the Golden Gates. This place is a sort of transition from pagan religion to Buddhism and Buddhism is to develop human resources, knowledge of their own thoughts, intellect, full enlightenment, liberation of symbolizes spiritual cleansing. Winding trail of white stone, "white the human mind from the constraints and obstacles. road",The symbolizes path of self- knowledgethe path to begins perfection with the of Golden knowledge Gates. Thisof being. place isI a sort of transition from pagan passed all the sights, the man approaches perfection. When one religion to Buddhism and symbolizes spiritual cleansing. Winding trail of white stone, "white road", bowssymbolizes to ancestors, the path to pays perfection tribute of toknowledge the Ojrat of being. history. I passed The all mostthe sights, the man approaches sacredperfection. place of When Kalmykia one bows reveals to an itself,cestors, the pays Buddhist tribute temple. to the Ojrat history. The most sacred place of Figurekalmykia 6 shows reveals navigation itself, the Buddhistaround citytemple. of Elista: Figure 4 shows navigation around city of Elista.

Fig.3. Schema of energy source Republic of Kalmykia

Buddhist temple Churul is the main source of solar Fig.6. Figure Schema 4: Schema navigation navigation around around city of cityElista of Elista energy that spreads throughout Kalmykia. Its particles A person is ready to recognize a new religious movement that appeared hereThe - Buddhism. path of self-knowledge Before begins that with the Golden Gates. This place is a sort of transition from pagan combineperson to sights form of one the solar capital structures city, Elista, open. and thatThe goal structure of Buddhism religion is to to Buddhism develop and human symbolizes spiritual cleansing. Winding trail of white stone, "white road", symbolizes3. The the path solution to perfection of knowledge design of being. I passed all the sights, the man approaches givesresour impetusces,knowledge to the of their further own thoughts, development intellect, offull enlightenment, the country. libera Thetionperfection. of solution the When human one of bowsmind design to ancestors, pays tribute to the Ojrat history. The most sacred place of Figurefrom 3 the shows constraints energy and obstacles. source Buddhistin Republic temple of Churul Kalmykia is the main and source ofkalmykia solar energyreveals itself, that the Buddhistspreads temple. Figure 4 shows navigation around city of Elista.

Figurethroughout 4 shows Kalmykia. energy Its particles source combine in city to of form Elista. one solar structures and that structureMyRoad intention gives lighting impetus was toincrease place "beacons" the safety on the territoryin the of road Kalmykia thanks which to would create a light net above the

to the further development of the country. Figure 2 shows energy source city of Elistacity.. The idea of creating a "beacon" was based on the legend of the sacred stone «Cintamani», which so called sight guide. Fittings put up above the road gives A person is ready to recognize a new religious movement that appeared herethe - spreads Buddhism. driver light additional Before over long that distances. information Figure 1 about shows lighthouse turn’s direction in the city of of Elista. person sights of the capital city, Elista, open. The goal of Buddhismroad. is to Using develop different human type of lighting should mark access resources,knowledge of their own thoughts, intellect, full enlightenment, liberation of the human mind

from the constraints and obstacles. Buddhist temple Churul is the main source roadsof solar energy and exits that spreads from main road. We can achieve this for throughout Kalmykia. Its particles combine to form one solar structures and thatins structuretance givesby putting impetus up the fittings in different heights or by

to the further development of the country. Figure 2 shows energy source city ofinstall Elista. different light sources inside the fittings. Thanks to this solutions driver knows what is going on the road. The

intention was to place "beacons" on the territory of

Kalmykia,Figure 4: Schema na vigationwhich around would city of Elista create a light net above the city. The

idea of creating a "beacon" was based on the legend of the 3. The solution of design sacred stone «Cintamani», which spreads light over long

distances.My intention was Figure to place "beacons" 7 shows on the territory lighthouse of Kalmykia which in thewould citycreate aof light Elista. net above the city. The idea of creating a "beacon" was based on the legend of the sacred stone «Cintamani», which spreads light over long distances. Figure 1 shows lighthouse in the city of Elista.

Figure 1: Lighthouse in the city of Elista Fig.4. Schema of energy source city of Elista Figure 2: Schema of energy source city of Elista

The sun's rays symbolize "white roads" which interconnect sacred places and together they form an Theimaginary sun's grid as a rays guide for symbolize travelers from "white one monument roads" to another. which Figure 3 shows navigation around interconnectRepublic of Kalmykia sacred. places and together they form an imaginaryFigure 2 : S chema grid of as energy a guide source city for of Elista travelers from one monumen t Fig.7.Figure 1 : LigLighthousehthouse in the city of in Elista the city of Elista The sun's rays symbolize "white roads" which interconnect sacred places and together they form an to another. Figure 5 shows navigation around Republic of imaginary grid as a guide for travelers from one monument to another. Figure 3 shows navigation around Kalmykia. Republic of Kalmykia. In natural environment areas are lighted not only by

sunshine but also, when we use simplification, by whole sky

what cause that noticed objects are surrounded by light. In

artificial lighting vision conditions are completely different.

Luminous flux directed into the sky is lost in open space of

the sky and value of reflected light, as distinct from close

spaces, is negligible. Design of street lighting is not only a matter of light sources type or number, but we must properly select entire equipment (e.g. fittings, the way of

supply and protection etc.), furthermore type of lighting pylons and the way of arrangement are also very important issues. Working conditions should by also determined: • width and mutual location of every part of the street: roadway, pavements, tram tracks Figure 3: Schema navigation around Republic of Kalmykia • type of building development (height, density) • stand density Fig.5. Schema navigation around Republic of Kalmykia • traffic infrastructure (tractions, power network, Figure 3: Schema navigation around Republic of Kalmykia telephone networks)

192 LIGHT SVĚTLO 2015

The imaginary grid would be a guide for travelers from one [6] V.Dal, vykladovy slovnik zhivogo velikorusskogo yazyika, tom 4, monument to another. Figure 8 shows 3D lighting network s.569 The imaginary grid would be a guide for travelers from one monument to another. Figure 2 shows 3D [7] Zolotaya obitel Buddyi Shakyamuni, Istoriya sozdaniya [online]. in thelighting airspace: network in the airspace . [cit. 2013-12-11]. http://khurul.ru/?page_id=41 [8] Wikipedie, Stúpa [online]. 2014 [cit. 2013-12-11]. http://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/St%C3%BApa [9] Тurizm i aktivnyiy otdyh, Buddiyskiy hram, tsentralnyiy hurul «Zolotaya obitel Buddyi Shakyamuni» [online]. 2014 [cit. 2013-12- 11]. http://vetert.ru/rossiya/elista/sights/173-buddijskij-hram- hurul.php

Authors: Anna Maltseva, MgA., Technická univerzita v Liberci, Fakulta textilní, Laboratoř Měření Barevnosti a Vzhledu, Studentská 2, 461 17 Liberec, Czech Republic, e-mail: [email protected]

Kermen Bainkharaeva, Ing.,Technical University of Liberec, Faculty Figure 2: 3D lighting network in the airspace of Textile Engineering, Department of Material Science, Fig.8. 3D lighting network in the airspace [email protected]

Aleksandra Pinaeva, Bc.,Technical University of Liberec, Faculty of

In this case very important for lighting efficiency is the way Art and Architecture, Department of Architecture, of arrangement of light sources. We must remember that [email protected] lamppost is another obstacle near the roadway and it doc. Ing. Michal Vik, Ph.D., Technická univerzita v Liberci, Fakulta increases danger for road users. The lampposts textilní, Laboratoř Měření Barevnosti a Vzhledu, Studentská 2, arrangement should be designed in such a way that this 461 17 Liberec, Czech Republic, e-mail: [email protected] danger would be minimized. Based on that this project expects focused spot light sources such as LED spotlight,

LED projection respectively with Ra>60 and service life:

50000 h at 70 % luminous flux.

Conclusion

The aim of this work was to talk about Kalmykia and the identities that are currently little known even in the Russian Federation, and thereby attract tourists. In this thesis I analyzed the Kalmykia traditions and customs, including their special culture differs from other regions of European Russia. Using the survey, I found that the most important sights Kalmykia, and I knew that most major monument is the central churul Kalmykia. After analyzing all the information originated the concept navigation system allowing tourists to become better acquainted with the history and Oirats originality. Tourists have been proposed route that can pass, meet with the sights and thus transfer the entire history from paganism to Buddhism. Implementation of the concept helps tourists to navigate in real space, where the network has prepared a special light beacons with each memorable place. It blends the real with the virtual space, and both are associated with solar energy that radiates from every monument. The navigation system is designed to activate tourism in Kalmykia, helped to maintain and develop our traditions and customs, and started development of the region as a whole.

REFERENCES

[1] Williams, L.: Russian Life , Vol. 57, No. 3 , May-June 2014 [2] Kulturnyiy turizm, Kalmyikiya [online]. [cit. 2013-12-11]. Dostupné z: http://culttourism.ru/kalmykiya/ [3] Novosti Kalmyikii. Zapiski puteshestvennika o Kalmyikii [online]. [cit. 2013-12-11]. http://www.kalmykianews.ru/2009/travel-notes-in- kalmykia/ [4] Wikipediya, Kalmyikiya [online]. 2014 [cit. 2013-12-11]. http://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BC %D1%8B%D0%BA%D0%B8%D 1%8F [5] Turizm i aktivnyiy otdyih, Elista [online]. [cit. 2013-12-11]. Dostupné z: http://vetert.ru/rossiya/elista/

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