Black Holes, Gravitational Waves and Fundamental Physics: a Roadmap
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Radio Afterglow of the Jetted Tidal Disruption Event Swift J1644+57 B.D
EPJ Web of Conferences 39, 04001 (2012) DOI: 10.1051/epjconf/20123904001 c Owned by the authors, published by EDP Sciences, 2012 Radio afterglow of the jetted tidal disruption event Swift J1644+57 B.D. Metzger1,a, D. Giannios1, and P. Mimica2 1 Department of Astrophysical Sciences, Peyton Hall, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA 2 Departmento de Astronomia y Astrofisica, University de Valencia, 46100 Burjassot, Spain Abstract. The recent transient event Swift J1644+57 has been interpreted as resulting from a relativistic outflow, powered by the accretion of a tidally disrupted star onto a supermassive black hole. This discovery of a new class of relativistic transients opens new windows into the study of tidal disruption events (TDEs) and offers a unique probe of the physics of relativistic jet formation and the conditions in the centers of distant quiescent galaxies. Unlike the rapidly-varying γ/X-ray emission from Swift J1644+57, the radio emission varies more slowly and is well modeled as synchrotron radiation from the shock interaction between the jet and the gaseous circumnuclear medium (CNM). Early after the onset of the jet, a reverse shock propagates through and decelerates the ejecta released during the first few days of activity, while at much later times the outflow approaches the self-similar evolution of Blandford and McKee. The point at which the reverse shock entirely crosses the earliest ejecta is clearly observed as an achromatic break in the radio light curve at t ≈ 10 days. The flux and break frequencies of the afterglow constrain the properties of the jet and the CNM, including providing robust evidence for a narrowly collimated jet. -
Correction: Corrigendum: the Superluminous Transient ASASSN
LETTERS PUBLISHED: 12 DECEMBER 2016 | VOLUME: 1 | ARTICLE NUMBER: 0002 The superluminous transient ASASSN-15lh as a tidal disruption event from a Kerr black hole G. Leloudas1,2*, M. Fraser3, N. C. Stone4, S. van Velzen5, P. G. Jonker6,7, I. Arcavi8,9, C. Fremling10, J. R. Maund11, S. J. Smartt12, T. Krühler13, J. C. A. Miller-Jones14, P. M. Vreeswijk1, A. Gal-Yam1, P. A. Mazzali15,16, A. De Cia17, D. A. Howell8,18, C. Inserra12, F. Patat17, A. de Ugarte Postigo2,19, O. Yaron1, C. Ashall15, I. Bar1, H. Campbell3,20, T.-W. Chen13, M. Childress21, N. Elias-Rosa22, J. Harmanen23, G. Hosseinzadeh8,18, J. Johansson1, T. Kangas23, E. Kankare12, S. Kim24, H. Kuncarayakti25,26, J. Lyman27, M. R. Magee12, K. Maguire12, D. Malesani2, S. Mattila3,23,28, C. V. McCully8,18, M. Nicholl29, S. Prentice15, C. Romero-Cañizales24,25, S. Schulze24,25, K. W. Smith12, J. Sollerman10, M. Sullivan21, B. E. Tucker30,31, S. Valenti32, J. C. Wheeler33 and D. R. Young12 8 12,13 When a star passes within the tidal radius of a supermassive has a mass >10 M⊙ , a star with the same mass as the Sun black hole, it will be torn apart1. For a star with the mass of the could be disrupted outside the event horizon if the black hole 8 14 Sun (M⊙) and a non-spinning black hole with a mass <10 M⊙, were spinning rapidly . The rapid spin and high black hole the tidal radius lies outside the black hole event horizon2 and mass can explain the high luminosity of this event. -
Axions and Other Similar Particles
1 91. Axions and Other Similar Particles 91. Axions and Other Similar Particles Revised October 2019 by A. Ringwald (DESY, Hamburg), L.J. Rosenberg (U. Washington) and G. Rybka (U. Washington). 91.1 Introduction In this section, we list coupling-strength and mass limits for light neutral scalar or pseudoscalar bosons that couple weakly to normal matter and radiation. Such bosons may arise from the spon- taneous breaking of a global U(1) symmetry, resulting in a massless Nambu-Goldstone (NG) boson. If there is a small explicit symmetry breaking, either already in the Lagrangian or due to quantum effects such as anomalies, the boson acquires a mass and is called a pseudo-NG boson. Typical examples are axions (A0)[1–4] and majorons [5], associated, respectively, with a spontaneously broken Peccei-Quinn and lepton-number symmetry. A common feature of these light bosons φ is that their coupling to Standard-Model particles is suppressed by the energy scale that characterizes the symmetry breaking, i.e., the decay constant f. The interaction Lagrangian is −1 µ L = f J ∂µ φ , (91.1) where J µ is the Noether current of the spontaneously broken global symmetry. If f is very large, these new particles interact very weakly. Detecting them would provide a window to physics far beyond what can be probed at accelerators. Axions are of particular interest because the Peccei-Quinn (PQ) mechanism remains perhaps the most credible scheme to preserve CP-symmetry in QCD. Moreover, the cold dark matter (CDM) of the universe may well consist of axions and they are searched for in dedicated experiments with a realistic chance of discovery. -
Memoria De Publicaciones 2017 Facultad De Ciencias Uam Memoria De Publicaciones De La Facultad De Ciencias 2017
MEMORIA DE PUBLICACIONES 2017 FACULTAD DE CIENCIAS UAM MEMORIA DE PUBLICACIONES DE LA FACULTAD DE CIENCIAS 2017 La Memoria de Publicaciones de la Facultad de Ciencias, como parte de la Memoria de Investigación, aspira a dar cuenta de los resultados de la investigación realizada a lo largo de 2017 por los profesores e investigadores de la Facultad. Ha sido realizada por la Biblioteca de Ciencias contando con las aportaciones facilitadas por los Departamentos y por el Decanato de la Facultad, en la persona de la Vicedecana de Investigación, a quienes agradecemos enormemente su aportación. Publicaciones en La Facultad ha generado un volumen de producción científica 2017 de 1.267 publicaciones 1.104 En 2017 se han publicado un total de 1.104 trabajos citables Trabajos Citables (entre artículos y revisiones) de los que 1.056 tienen Factor de Impacto calculado (96%) 73% La Facultad de Ciencias tiene un total de 807 trabajos Trabajos indexados en Q1, que supone el 73,10% del total de los Primer Cuartil – Q1 trabajos publicados, prácticamente igual que el año anterior. Algunos departamentos superan este porcentaje situándose entre el 85% y 96% 1 La Facultad de Ciencias tiene al único investigador de la UAM Highly Cited considerado como investigador altamente citado para el año Researchers 2017 en el área de Física, según los listados de Clarivate Analytics, elaborados a partir de la Web of Science. https://clarivate.com/hcr/researchers-list/archived-lists/ : es el profesor Francisco José García Vidal, del Departamento de Física Teórica de la Materia Condensada. Memoria de Publicaciones de la Facultad de Ciencias 2017 Página 2 de 146 ÍNDICE . -
Eight New Milky Way Companions Discovered in FirstYear Dark Energy Survey Data
Eight new Milky Way companions discovered in first-year Dark Energy Survey Data Article (Published Version) Romer, Kathy and The DES Collaboration, et al (2015) Eight new Milky Way companions discovered in first-year Dark Energy Survey Data. Astrophysical Journal, 807 (1). ISSN 0004- 637X This version is available from Sussex Research Online: http://sro.sussex.ac.uk/id/eprint/61756/ This document is made available in accordance with publisher policies and may differ from the published version or from the version of record. If you wish to cite this item you are advised to consult the publisher’s version. Please see the URL above for details on accessing the published version. Copyright and reuse: Sussex Research Online is a digital repository of the research output of the University. Copyright and all moral rights to the version of the paper presented here belong to the individual author(s) and/or other copyright owners. To the extent reasonable and practicable, the material made available in SRO has been checked for eligibility before being made available. Copies of full text items generally can be reproduced, displayed or performed and given to third parties in any format or medium for personal research or study, educational, or not-for-profit purposes without prior permission or charge, provided that the authors, title and full bibliographic details are credited, a hyperlink and/or URL is given for the original metadata page and the content is not changed in any way. http://sro.sussex.ac.uk The Astrophysical Journal, 807:50 (16pp), 2015 July 1 doi:10.1088/0004-637X/807/1/50 © 2015. -
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Astro-Ph.GA] 28 May 2015
SLAC-PUB-16746 Eight New Milky Way Companions Discovered in First-Year Dark Energy Survey Data K. Bechtol1;y, A. Drlica-Wagner2;y, E. Balbinot3;4, A. Pieres5;4, J. D. Simon6, B. Yanny2, B. Santiago5;4, R. H. Wechsler7;8;11, J. Frieman2;1, A. R. Walker9, P. Williams1, E. Rozo10;11, E. S. Rykoff11, A. Queiroz5;4, E. Luque5;4, A. Benoit-L´evy12, D. Tucker2, I. Sevilla13;14, R. A. Gruendl15;13, L. N. da Costa16;4, A. Fausti Neto4, M. A. G. Maia4;16, T. Abbott9, S. Allam17;2, R. Armstrong18, A. H. Bauer19, G. M. Bernstein18, R. A. Bernstein6, E. Bertin20;21, D. Brooks12, E. Buckley-Geer2, D. L. Burke11, A. Carnero Rosell4;16, F. J. Castander19, R. Covarrubias15, C. B. D'Andrea22, D. L. DePoy23, S. Desai24;25, H. T. Diehl2, T. F. Eifler26;18, J. Estrada2, A. E. Evrard27, E. Fernandez28;39, D. A. Finley2, B. Flaugher2, E. Gaztanaga19, D. Gerdes27, L. Girardi16, M. Gladders29;1, D. Gruen30;31, G. Gutierrez2, J. Hao2, K. Honscheid32;33, B. Jain18, D. James9, S. Kent2, R. Kron1, K. Kuehn34;35, N. Kuropatkin2, O. Lahav12, T. S. Li23, H. Lin2, M. Makler36, M. March18, J. Marshall23, P. Martini33;37, K. W. Merritt2, C. Miller27;38, R. Miquel28;39, J. Mohr24, E. Neilsen2, R. Nichol22, B. Nord2, R. Ogando4;16, J. Peoples2, D. Petravick15, A. A. Plazas40;26, A. K. Romer41, A. Roodman7;11, M. Sako18, E. Sanchez14, V. Scarpine2, M. Schubnell27, R. C. Smith9, M. Soares-Santos2, F. Sobreira2;4, E. Suchyta32;33, M. E. C. Swanson15, G. -
In-System'' Fission-Events: an Insight Into Puzzles of Exoplanets and Stars?
universe Review “In-System” Fission-Events: An Insight into Puzzles of Exoplanets and Stars? Elizabeth P. Tito 1,* and Vadim I. Pavlov 2,* 1 Scientific Advisory Group, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA 2 Faculté des Sciences et Technologies, Université de Lille, F-59000 Lille, France * Correspondence: [email protected] (E.P.T.); [email protected] (V.I.P.) Abstract: In expansion of our recent proposal that the solar system’s evolution occurred in two stages—during the first stage, the gaseous giants formed (via disk instability), and, during the second stage (caused by an encounter with a particular stellar-object leading to “in-system” fission- driven nucleogenesis), the terrestrial planets formed (via accretion)—we emphasize here that the mechanism of formation of such stellar-objects is generally universal and therefore encounters of such objects with stellar-systems may have occurred elsewhere across galaxies. If so, their aftereffects may perhaps be observed as puzzling features in the spectra of individual stars (such as idiosyncratic chemical enrichments) and/or in the structures of exoplanetary systems (such as unusually high planet densities or short orbital periods). This paper reviews and reinterprets astronomical data within the “fission-events framework”. Classification of stellar systems as “pristine” or “impacted” is offered. Keywords: exoplanets; stellar chemical compositions; nuclear fission; origin and evolution Citation: Tito, E.P.; Pavlov, V.I. “In-System” Fission-Events: An 1. Introduction Insight into Puzzles of Exoplanets As facilities and techniques for astronomical observations and analyses continue to and Stars?. Universe 2021, 7, 118. expand and gain in resolution power, their results provide increasingly detailed information https://doi.org/10.3390/universe about stellar systems, in particular, about the chemical compositions of stellar atmospheres 7050118 and structures of exoplanets. -
Experimental Evidence of Black Holes Andreas Müller
Experimental Evidence of Black Holes Andreas Müller∗ Max–Planck–Institut für extraterrestrische Physik, p.o. box 1312, D–85741 Garching, Germany E-mail: [email protected] Classical black holes are solutions of the field equations of General Relativity. Many astronomi- cal observations suggest that black holes really exist in nature. However, an unambiguous proof for their existence is still lacking. Neither event horizon nor intrinsic curvature singularity have been observed by means of astronomical techniques. This paper introduces to particular features of black holes. Then, we give a synopsis on current astronomical techniques to detect black holes. Further methods are outlined that will become important in the near future. For the first time, the zoo of black hole detection techniques is completely presented and classified into kinematical, spectro–relativistic, accretive, eruptive, ob- scurative, aberrative, temporal, and gravitational–wave induced verification methods. Principal and technical obstacles avoid undoubtfully proving black hole existence. We critically discuss alternatives to the black hole. However, classical rotating Kerr black holes are still the best theo- retical model to explain astronomical observations. arXiv:astro-ph/0701228v1 9 Jan 2007 School on Particle Physics, Gravity and Cosmology 21 August - 2 September 2006 Dubrovnik, Croatia ∗Speaker. c Copyright owned by the author(s) under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike Licence. http://pos.sissa.it/ Experimental Evidence of Black Holes Andreas Müller 1. Introduction Black holes (BHs) are the most compact objects known in the Universe. They are the most efficient gravitational lens, a lens that captures even light. Albert Einstein’s General Relativity (GR) is a powerful theory to describe BHs mathematically. -
Probing the Fundamental Nature of Dark Matter with the Large Synoptic Survey Telescope
Probing the Fundamental Nature of Dark Matter with the Large Synoptic Survey Telescope LSST Dark Matter Group arXiv:1902.01055v1 [astro-ph.CO] 4 Feb 2019 i Executive Summary More than 85 years after its astrophysical discovery, the fundamental nature of dark matter remains one of the foremost open questions in physics. Over the last several decades, an extensive experimental program has sought to determine the cosmological origin, fundamental constituents, and interaction mechanisms of dark matter. While the existing experimental program has largely focused on weakly-interacting massive particles, there is strong theoretical motivation to explore a broader set of dark matter candidates. As the high-energy physics program expands to “search for dark matter along every feasible avenue” (Ritz et al., 2014), it is essential to keep in mind that the only direct, empirical measurements of dark matter properties to date come from astrophysical and cosmological observations. The Large Synoptic Survey Telescope (LSST), a major joint experimental effort between NSF and DOE, provides a unique and impressive platform to study dark sector physics. LSST was originally envisioned as the “Dark Matter Telescope” (Tyson et al., 2001), though in recent years, studies of fundamental physics with LSST have been more focused on dark energy. Dark matter is an essential component of the standard ΛCDM model, and a detailed understanding of dark energy cannot be achieved without a detailed understanding of dark matter. In the precision era of LSST, studies of dark matter and dark energy are extremely complementary from both a technical and scientific standpoint. In addition, cosmology has consistently shown that it is impossible to separate the macroscopic distribution of dark matter from the microscopic physics governing dark matter. -
Tidal Disruption Events in Active Galactic Nuclei
The Astrophysical Journal, 881:113 (14pp), 2019 August 20 https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ab2b40 © 2019. The American Astronomical Society. All rights reserved. Tidal Disruption Events in Active Galactic Nuclei Chi-Ho Chan1,2 , Tsvi Piran1 , Julian H. Krolik3 , and Dekel Saban1 1 Racah Institute of Physics, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel 2 School of Physics and Astronomy, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel 3 Department of Physics and Astronomy, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA Received 2019 April 27; revised 2019 June 18; accepted 2019 June 18; published 2019 August 20 Abstract A fraction of tidal disruption events (TDEs) occur in active galactic nuclei (AGNs) whose black holes possess accretion disks; these TDEs can be confused with common AGN flares. The disruption itself is unaffected by the disk, but the evolution of the bound debris stream is modified by its collision with the disk when it returns to pericenter. The outcome of the collision is largely determined by the ratio of the stream mass current to the azimuthal mass current of the disk rotating underneath the stream footprint, which in turns depends on the mass and luminosity of the AGN. To characterize TDEs in AGNs, we simulated a suite of stream–disk collisions with various mass current ratios. The collision excites shocks in the disk, leading to inflow and energy dissipation orders of magnitude above Eddington; however, much of the radiation is trapped in the inflow and advected into the black hole, so the actual bolometric luminosity may be closer to Eddington. The emergent spectrum may not be thermal, TDE-like, or AGN-like. -
Probing Quiescent Massive Black Holes: Insights from Tidal Disruption Events
Probing Quiescent Massive Black Holes: Insights from Tidal Disruption Events A Whitepaper Submitted to the Decadal Survey Committee Authors Suvi Gezari (Johns Hopkins, Hubble Fellow), Linda Strubbe, Joshua S. Bloom (UC Berkeley), J. E. Grindlay, Alicia Soderberg, Martin Elvis (Harvard/CfA), Paolo Coppi (Yale), Andrew Lawrence (Edinburgh), Zeljko Ivezic (University of Washington), David Merritt (RIT), Stefanie Komossa (MPG), Jules Halpern (Columbia), and Michael Eracleous (Pennsylvania State) Science Frontier Panels: Galaxies Across Cosmic Time (GCT) Projects/Programs Emphasized: 1. The Energetic X-ray Imaging Survey Telescope (EXIST); http://exist.gsfc.nasa.gov 2. The Wide-Field X-ray Telescope (WFXT); http://wfxt.pha.jhu.edu 3. Panoramic Survey Telescope & Rapid Response System (Pan-STARRS); http://pan-starrs.ifa.hawaii.edu/public/ 4. The Large Synoptic Survey Telescope (LSST); http://lsst.org 5. The Synoptic All-Sky Infrared Survey (SASIR); http://sasir.org Key Questions: 1. What is the assembly history of massive black holes in the uni- verse? 2. Is there a population of intermediate mass black holes that are the primordial seeds of supermassive black holes? 3. How can we increase our understanding of the physics of accre- tion onto black holes? 4. Can we localize sources of gravitational waves from the de- tection of tidal disruption events around massive black holes and recoiling binary black hole mergers? 1 Introduction Dynamical studies of nearby galaxies suggest that most if not all galaxies with a bulge component host a central supermassive black hole (SMBH), and that the bulge and BH masses are tightly correlated [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6]. This is referred to as the MBH−σ∗ relation, where the velocity dispersion (σ∗) of bulge stars is a proxy of the bulge mass. -
Cosmological Singularity Resolution : Classical and Quantum Approaches
Cosmological Singularity Resolution Classical and Quantum Approaches DISSERTATION zur Erlangung des akademischen Grades DOCTOR RERUM NATURALIUM (Dr. rer. nat.) im Fach Physik Spezialisierung: Theoretische Physik eingereicht an der Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftlichen Fakult¨at der Humboldt-Universit¨atzu Berlin von Sebastian F. Bramberger Pr¨asidentin der Humboldt-Universit¨atzu Berlin: Prof. Dr.-Ing. Dr. Sabine Kunst Dekan der Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftlichen Fakult¨at: Prof. Dr. Elmar Kulke Tag der Disputation am 19.12.2019 Gutachter: Prof. Dr. Hermann Nicolai Prof. Dr. Claus Kiefer Dr. Olaf Hohm Abstract In the face of ever more precise experiments, the standard model of cosmology has proven to be tremendously robust over the past decades. Inflation or ekpyrosis provide a basis for solving some of its remaining conceptual issues - they are a beautiful and natural simplifi- cation to our understanding of the universe's early history; yet they leave many questions unanswered and raise new problems. For example, inflationary theories fail to be predictive as long as eternal inflation is not better understood. At the same time, ekpyrotic theories struggle to explain the transition from a contracting to an expanding phase - the so-called bounce. Both of them lack any understanding or description of the origin of everything and contain cosmological singularities. Here, we provide concrete steps towards shedding a light on these mysteries. The overarching theme that guides most chapters in this thesis is how to deal with cosmologi- cal singularities and whether they can be resolved without invoking extraordinary physics. In the first part, we construct classically non-singular bounces in the most general closed, homo- geneous but anisotropic space-time.