Cork City Employment and Land Use Survey 2016 Overview and Key Findings Report

Employment & Land Use Survey 2011

March 2017

Cork City Council Comhairle Cathrach Chorcaí

Planning Policy Section Planning Policy Section Strategic Planning & EconomicStrategic Development Planning & Economic Directora Developmentte Directorate

TABLE OF CONTENTS

1.0 INTRODUCTION...... 1

2.0 CITYWIDE EMPLOYMENT TRENDS...... 2

2.1 Growth 2011-2016 2

2.2 Overview of Jobs by Geographic Sector 3

2.3 Overview of Jobs by Economic Sector 4

2.4 Cork City’s Specialisations 6

2.5 Job Growth by Economic Sector 8

2.6 Business Size 9

2.6 New Businesses 10

3.0 GEOGRAPHIC SECTOR SUMMARY...... 13

3.1 City Centre 13

3.2 South West 13

3.3 South East 14

3.4 North East 14

3.5 North West 14

3.6 South Central 15

4.0 SUMMARY OF FINDINGS...... 16

1.0 Introduction

This report provides a summary and analysis of employment within the Cork City administrative area in 2016. For ease of reference, the Cork City administrative area will be referred to in this report as “Cork City.” However, for clarity, it should be noted that the Cork City administrative area only forms part of the economy of the urbanised area that makes up Cork. A significant share of employment associated with the city is not located within Cork City’s administrative area and is therefore not captured in this dataset.

This report is based on data gathered from the 2016 Employment and Land Use Survey (“the Survey”), which involved a survey of every business within Cork City Council’s administrative area during Summer 2016. The survey had an excellent response rate (over 95%), with all major employers reporting. The 2016 survey is a continuation of employment surveys that have been carried out by Cork City Council every five years (apart from 1991), since the 1970’s to correspond with the national census of population.

The report is presented in two sections. Section 1 provides a general overview of citywide employment trends. Section 2 provides a summary by geographic sector. Cork City’s administrative area is traditionally divided into six geographic sectors for analysis—the city centre and five outlying suburban areas as shown in Figure 1.1 belo w.

Figure 1.1 The Six Geographic Sectors in Cork City’s Administrative Area

2.0 City Wide Employment Trends

2.1 Growth 2011-2016 Cork City experienced significant job growth in the past five years, with employment reaching the highest levels experienced in the city to date. The 2016 survey recorded over 78,000 jobs (78,244), which is a 9.3% increase on 2011 survey figures (71,577). This growth exceeded the state average, which was 8.4% during the same period. 1

The net increase in 6,667 jobs in Cork City since 2011 equates to an average of 1,333 new jobs per year (or 111 jobs per month) over the past five years.

Table 2.1 Employment in Cork City, 1996-2016 Year Total Employment Recorded in Employment Survey 2001 72,193 2006 75,049 2011 71,577 2016 78, 244

Figure 2.1 Employment in Cork City, 1996-2016 Employment in Cork City, 2001-2016 80,000 79,000 78,000 77,000 76,000 75,000 74,000 Total Jobs Total 73,000 72,000 71,000 70,000 2001 2006 2011 2016

1 Statewide growth rate derived from figures available at http://www.cso.ie/px/pxeirestat/Statire/SelectVarVal/Define.asp?Maintable=QNQ03&Planguage=0

2.2 Overview of Jobs by Geographic Sector As shown in Table 2.2, the City Centre is the largest location for employment within the city; this equates to around 31% of all employment in the City. However, the city centre did not experience significant gains, and over 86% of total job growth in Cork City since 2011 occurred in the South-East and South-West sectors. Employment on the north side of the city increased, and South Central declined slightly. 2 More details on employment in each geographic sector are provided in Section 3 of this report.

Table 2.2 Employment Change by Geographic Sector, 2011-2016 Geographic Sector Jobs 2011 Jobs 2016 Job Increase % Change within Sector City Centre 24,193 24,479 286 1% South West 17,485 19,650 2,165 12% South East 10,696 14,305 3,609 34% North East 9,028 9,173 145 2% North West 5,887 6,482 595 10% South Central 4,288 4,155 -133 -3% Total 71,577 78,244 6,667 9%

Figure 2.2 Total Employment by Geographic Sector, 2011 & 2016 30,000

25,000

20,000

15,000 Jobs 2011 Jobs 2016 10,000

5,000

0 City Centre South South East North East North South West West Central

2The South Central Sector had a higher-than-average rate of non-response to the Employment Survey (7% vs. 5%) so reported figures may be slightly under-reported. However, it appears that South Central did indeed experience a slight loss, or, at best, remained static.

Figure 2.3 Employment Share by Geographic Sector, 2011 & 2016 Share of Total Employment for Each Geographic Sector, 2016 120%

100% 6% 5% 8% 8% South Central 80% 13% 12% North West 15% 18% 60% North East South East 24% 25% 40% South West City Centre 20% 34% 31%

0% Jobs 2011 Jobs 2016

The City Centre remains the largest employment sector in 2016 but lost overall share. The South East and South West sectors gained share of total city employment between 2011 and 2016.

2.3 Overview by Economic Sector For analysis purposes, 2016 Employment has been classified into 17 broad economic sectors. (An overview of the type of businesses classified into each sector is provided in Figure 2.4). As shown in Table 2.3, the top economic sectors in Cork City are human health and social work activities, retail, and administrative and support service activities.

Table 2.3 Employment by Economic Sector, 2016 Economic Sector Total Employment % of Total Human Health and Social Work Activities 13,243 17% Retail 10,107 13% Administrative and Support Service Activities 8,226 11% Education 7,197 9% Professional, Scientific and Technical Activities 6,849 9% Accommodation and Food Service 6,351 8% Public Administration and Defence 5,535 7% Manufacturing 4,556 6% Information and Communication 4,194 5% Other Service Activities 3,135 4% Financial, Insurance and Real Estate Activities 2,661 3% Wholesale 1,801 2% Transportation and Storage 1,642 2% Arts, Entertainment and Recreation 1,093 1% Utilities 1,067 1% Construction 578 1% Agriculture, Forestry, Fishing, Mining & Quarrying 9 <1% Total 78,244 100%

Figure 2.4 Details of Economic Sectors Economic Sector Definition/ Examples Human Health and Social Hospitals, GPs, specialist doctors, dentists, crèches , residential care Work Activities (e.g. Cuanlee Refuge), Cope Foundation, Irish Heart foundation. Retail There can be some overlap between resale and wholesale —e.g. a butcher shop that sells to the public but is also a significant supplier to the restaurant trade; building supplies sold to contractors but also open to the general public. Businesses that function like a retail shop in a shopping area are classified as retail. Administrative and Support Examples include call centres, travel agency/ tour operator Service Activities activities (e.g. Starwood and Marriott Global Reservation Sales), business support services, employment placement agencies/ human resource provision, building cleaning & security services Education Pre -school, primary, secondary, and technical/ vocational and third level education. Also includes education such as driving instructors and fitness instruction (e.g. yoga), Professional, Scientific and Solicitors / barristers, accountants/ bookkeepers , engineering and Technical Activities architectural services, scientific research and development (e.g. Tyndall), public relations and advertising, and activities of head offices (e.g. Tyco, Apple). Accommodation and Food Hotels and other visitor accommodation, restaurants, cafes, pubs, Service event catering, etc. Public Administration and Includes Cork City Council, Cork County Council, The Defence Defence Forces, Central Statistics Office, Revenue Commissioners, An Garda Síochána, Department Of Justice And Equality, Department Of Social Protection, Courts Service, etc. Manufacturing Includes both large industrial production (App le, Boston Scientific, Heineken, Dulux, etc.) as well as small producers (artisan bakers, headstones, musical instruments, trailers) Information and Includes computer programming, telecommun ications, software Communication publishing, data processing, newspaper publishing Other Service Activities Includes hairdressers, dry cleaners, massage, repairs Financial, Insurance and Real Includes banks, insurance, estate agents, real estate management, Estate Activities pension funding, holding companies Wholesale Sale of goods to anyone other than a standard consumer (e.g. to retailers, industrial or other business users) Transportation and Storage Includes Iarnród Éireann, Bus Éireann, Taxis, An Post, warehousing and storage, freight Arts, Entertainme nt and Includes cinemas, museums, performing arts (e.g. Opera House), Recreation libraries, sports/ fitness facilities, casinos Utilities e.g. Ervia, ESB, Electric Ireland, Bord Gais, recycling/ waste management Construction Building construction, plumbers, electricians, painters, joinery, roofing, etc. (Note: Small contractors who work from home are not included in this survey, unless they are registered with a business address.) Agriculture, Forestry, Fishing, e.g. The Forestry Company (support services to forestry) Mining & Quarrying

2.4 Cork City’s Specialisations Another way of looking at employment data by economic sector is to consider Cork City’s “Location Quotient” for each economic sector. A Location Quotient is a ratio that measures Cork City’s specialisation in a particular economic sector relative to the state as a whole. A Location Quotient greater than 1 indicates a potential specialisation. This could be due to the presence of an export industry (e.g. manufacture and export of medical devices) or providing a particular service for the rest of the country (e.g. third level education). 3 An example for the calculation of a Location Quotient is as follows:

% of Jobs in Cork City in Information and Communication 5% =1. 3 % of Jobs in the State in Information and Communication 4%

This location quotient of 1.3 would indicate that Cork City has a specialisation in the Information and Communication Sector relative to the statewide economy as a whole.

As shown in Table 2.5, Cork City’s highest Location Quotient is in the in Administrative and Support Service Activities sector. On the other end of the spectrum Cork City has a lower-than-average share of jobs in Financial, Insurance and Real Estate activities (“FIRE”) and in Manufacturing relative to the country as a whole.

Table 2.5 Cork City Location Quotient by Broad Economic Sector Cork City Economic Sector "Location Quotient" Administrative and support service activities 3.0 Professional, scientific and technical activities 1.5 Public administration and defence 1.4 Human health and social work activities 1.3 Information and communication 1.3 Education 1.2 Wholesale and retail trade, repair of motor vehicles and motorcycles 1.1 Accommodation and food service activities 1.1 Financial, insurance and real estate activities 0.7 Manufacturing 0.6 Transportation and storage 0.4 Construction 0.1 Agriculture, forestry and fishing 0.0 Source: Derived from CSO data and Employment & Landuse Survey 2016 4

For comparison’s sake, indicative Location Quotients for the Dublin and South West region are provided in Tables 2.6 and 2.7. The Dublin Region indicates a higher specialisation in Information

3 Location Quotients are most useful when they are applied at a detailed industry level rather than to broad economic sectors. However, given that this level of detail is not available at the national level to make such a comparison at this time, a broad comparison at the economic sector level is still useful. 4 Statewide figures from http://www.cso.ie/px/pxeirestat/Statire/SelectVarVal/Define.asp?Maintable=QNQ03&Planguage=0 ; Cork City figures from Employment Survey 2016

and Communication and FIRE compared to Cork. The entire South West region, unsurprisingly, is most specialised in agriculture and industry (the latter likely being strongly related to the Cork metropolitan area’s biopharma industries.)

Table 2.6 Dublin Region Location Quotients Location Economic Sector Quotient Information and communication 1.7 Financial, insurance and real estate activities 1.7 Professional, scientific and technical activities 1.3 Transportation and storage 1.3 Administrative and support service activities 1.3 Public administration and defence 1.2 Accommodation and food service activities 1.1 Human health and social work activities 1.0 Wholesale and retail trade, repair of motor vehicles and motorcycles 0.9 Education 0.9 Construction 0.7 Industry 0.7 Agriculture, forestry and fishing 0.0 Source: Derived from CSO Data

Table 2.7 South West Region Location Quotients Location Sector Quotient Agriculture, forestry and fishing 1.5 Industry 1.2 Administrative and support service activities 1.2 Construction 1.2 Education 1.1 Wholesale and retail trade, repair of motor vehicles and motorcycles 1.0 Human health and social work activities 1.0 Accommodation and food service activities 0.9 Public administration and defence 0.9 Professional, scientific and technical activities 0.9 Information and communication 0.8 Transportation and storage 0.8 Financial, insurance and real estate activities 0.6 Source: Derived from CSO Data

2.5 Job Growth by Economic Sector As shown in Table 2.8, the most significant job growth since 2011 has occurred in the Administrative and Support Service Activities sector.

Table 2.8 Change in Employment by Economic Sector, 2011-2016 % Economic Sector 2011 2016 Change Change Administrative and Support Service Activities 3,703 8,226 4,523 122% Human Health and Social Work Activities 12,176 13,243 1,067 9% Accommodation and Food Service 5,592 6,351 759 14% Professional, Scientific and Technical Activities 6,109 6,849 740 12% Information and Communication 3,468 4,194 726 21% Other Service Activities 2,685 3,135 450 17% Wholesale 1,572 1,801 229 15% Utilities 1,032 1,067 35 3% Agriculture, Forestry, Fishing, Mining & Quarrying 67 9 -58 -87% Construction 647 578 -69 -11% Retail 10,218 10,107 -111 -1% Manufacturing 4,678 4,556 -122 -3% Arts, Entertainment and Recreation 1,243 1,093 -150 -12% Public Administration and Defence 5,741 5,535 -206 -4% Transportation and Storage 1,943 1,642 -301 -15% Financial, Insurance and Real Estate Activities 3,021 2,661 -360 -12% Education 7,682 7,197 -485 -6% Total 71,577 78,244 6,667 9%

The Administrative and Support Service Activities sector accounted for 62% of net job growth in Cork City. Growth in this sector has resulted from both new businesses and expansion of existing businesses in Cork. This includes expansion at Abtran, Voxpro, Apple and Starwood, as well as growth from new businesses such as Zazzle and Qualcomm. A brief synopsis of other major changes is shown on the next page.

Table 2.9 Key Changes by Economic Sector 2011-2016 Administrative and Expansion at Abtran, Voxpro, Apple and Starwood, as well as growth from Support Service new businesses such as Zazzle and Qualcomm. Activities Human Health and Growth from significant increases at St. Finbarr’s and Cork University Social Work Activities Hospital, combined with more modest increases across the spectrum Accommodation and Employment in accommodation generally held steady; employment growth Food Service occurred in primarily cafes and restaurants. 60% of growth occurred in the City Centre. Professional, Gains from increased employment at Apple and the arrival of Biopharma Scientific and Engineering, manufacturing methods; Itron, energy and water consulting; Technical Activities and Johnson Control (formerly Tyco) Headquarters, building and energy technology Information and Overall growth as staff reductions from existing businesses (including Communication gaming company Blizzard 5) were offset by a number of new businesses, including Aruba Networks, wireless LAN solutions; Carma, real-time transportation technology; Dell/EMC, data storage; Fire Eye, cyber security and malware protection; RR Donnelly, global supply chain solutions; Simplivity, data centre; Teamwork.com, business productivity apps; Westbourne IT Solutions Financial, Insurance New business es included KBC and Hedgserv (fund administration; City and Real Estate Gate, Mahon). However, losses included the Assurant Insurance on Model Activities Farm Road (up to 170 jobs per Irish Examiner 6); Cornmarket Group on Lower Glanmire Road and a number of banks in the City Centre (Anglo Irish Bank, Grand Parade; Certus, Grand Parade; Bank of Ireland, Bridge Street, National Irish Bank, South Mall; Ulster Bank, South Mall) Education Reductions appear to primarily reflect challenges in data collection rather than a significant downsizing of the education sector; however, there were actual reductions in language colleges and in staff at the College of Commerce.

2.6 Business Size As shown in Table 2.8, the majority of businesses in Cork (74%) are “micro enterprises” which have fewer than 10 employees. These micro enterprises have an average of four employees (see Table 2.9) and provide 15% of the total employment within Cork City (see Table 2.11, overleaf).

Table 2.10: Businesses by Size, 2016 Business Size No. of Businesses % of Total Businesses Micro (1 -9 employees) 3,09 8 74% Small/Medium (10 -49 employees) 864 21% Large (50+ employees) 199 5% Total 4,161 100%

5 http://www.irishexaminer.com/ireland/battle-lost-in-the-plan-for-digital-gaming-jobs-304714.html 6 http://www.irishexaminer.com/ireland/170-jobs-to-go-as-assurant-insurance-quits-cork-259954.html

Table 2.11 Employment by Business Size, 2016 Business Size Total % of Total Average Staff Median Staff Size Employment Employment Size Micro 11544 15% 4 5 Small/Medium 16,942 22% 20 16 Large 49758 64% 25 0 100 Total Employment 78,244 100% 12 5

Microenterprises are found in all 17 economic sectors, but are particularly concentrated in the Retail sector (761 no. or 26% of microenterprises in the city are in the Retail sector). Geographically, almost 50% of microenterprises are concentrated in the City Centre, with the fewest being located in the North West.

Small/Medium Enterprises Small/ Medium Enterprises make up 21% of the businesses and provide 22% of employment within the city. Over 40% of Small/Medium enterprises (353) are located in the City Centre; the next highest concentration (171) is in the South East. The top sectors for small/ medium enterprises are Retail and Accommodation/ Food Service.

Major Employers As shown in Figure 2.5, there are 19 organisations in Cork City that employ over 500 people. These major employers constitute 35% of the city’s total employment, providing over 27,000 jobs.

Figure 2.5 Major Employers with Over 500 Staff (presented in alphabetical order) Organisation Organisation (Contd.)

Abtran HSE Bon Secours Hospital

Alcon Technology Ireland Ltd HSE Cork University Hospital

Apple (3 locations) HSE Mercy Hospital

Boston Scientific (Cork) Ltd HSE Saint Finbarr’s Hospital

Cope Foundation (Middle Glanmire Road) HSE South Infirmary-Victoria University Hospital

Cork City Council Musgrave’s Retail Partners Ltd

Cork County Council Starwood Hotels and Resorts

Cork Institute of Technology The Defence Forces

EMC University College Cork

VoxPro

By economic sector, major employers are spread over ten sectors. However, half of the employment provided by major employers is concentrated in two sectors, Human Health and Social Work Activities (the five hospitals and the COPE Foundation) and Administrative and Support Service Activities (Abtran, part of Apple, Starwood Hotels & Resorts, and VoxPro). Geographically, major employers are located in all six sectors. However, they are primarily concentrated in the South West.

2.7 New Businesses Survey data indicates that 636 new businesses have started trading in the City since 2011. 7 As shown in Table 2.12, the greatest number of new businesses was formed in the Retail and Accommodation/Food service sectors; however, the greatest number of jobs created by new businesses was in the Information and Communication and Professional, Scientific and Technical Activities sectors.

Table 2.12 New Businesses in Cork City by Total Jobs and Businesses Created Economic Sector Jobs from New Businesses No. of New Businesses Information and Communication 1,792 28 Professional, Scientific and Technical Activities 1,529 55 Accommodation and Food Service 1,012 121 Retail 870 162 Administrative and Support Service Activities 326 17 Utilities 309 4 Other Service Activities 291 10 2 Human Health and Social Work Activities 276 44 Manufacturing 252 20 Public Administration and Defence 1 1 Financial, Insurance and Real Estate Activities 150 15 Arts, Entertainment and Recreation 99 34 Wholesale 48 12 Education 25 7 Transportation and Storage 23 4 Construction 18 9 Total 7,0 21 63 6

Over 80% of the new businesses are “microenterprises” with fewer than ten employees (see Table 2.13); however, new businesses also included 21 no. large businesses with 50+ employees. These were concentrated in the Information and Communication economic sector. Details of large new businesses are set out in Table 2.14 below. (More details on these new companies are incorporated into Section 3 of this report.)

Table 2.13 New Businesses by Size Business Size No. New Businesses Micro 526 Small/Medium 88 Large 21 Total New Businesses 63 5

7It is likely that a number of other new businesses opened and closed in the intervening years between the 2011 and 2016 surveys and therefore were not captured in the count of overall new businesses in the past five years.

Table 2.14 New Businesses with 50+ Employees No. of New New Businesses Economic Sector Businesses Information and 9 Aruba Networ ks International Ltd.; Dell/EMC ; Fire Eye; Communication Ns90 / Xanadu; RR Donnelley; Simplivity; Teamwork.Com; Westbourne IT Solutions Professional, Scientific 4 Apple (part); Biopharma; Itron; Johnson Controls and Technical Activities (formerly Tyco) Ireland Administrative and 3 On Assignment; Qualcomm; Zazzle Support Service Activities Accommodation and Food 2 The Linen Weaver (Wetherspoons); McDonald’s (Kinsale Service Road) Utilities 1 Ervia Manufacturing 1 Stryker Neurovascular Financial, Insurance and 1 Hedgeserv Real Estate Activities Total 21

Geographically, over half of all new businesses located in the City Centre. New businesses with 50+ employees are located in all six geographic sectors but are particularly concentrated in the South East (9) and the City Centre (6).

3.0 Geographic Sector Summary

A brief summary for each of the six geographic sectors is provided below, presented in the order of total overall employment within each sector. A map depicting the distribution of employment within each geographic sector (set in the context of employment-based zoning objectives) is also provided.

3.1 City Centre The Centre Sector has the highest share of employment amongst the six sectors. The largest employers in the City Centre include Cork City Council, the Mercy Hospital, South Infirmary-Victoria University Hospital, and Apple (Lavitt’s Quay). As expected of a city centre, it has the highest share of employment in retail, accommodation and food service, arts/ entertainment and the traditional economic sectors of Professional, Scientific and Technical Activities and Financial, Insurance and Real Estate Activities (“FIRE”).

Since 2011 the city centre experienced the greatest job growth in the Professional, Scientific and Technical Activities sector. The Survey indicates 37 no. new businesses in this economic sector established themselves in the City Centre in this time period. These gains included employment from Apple’s arrival on Lavitt’s Quay and Tyco’s Headquarters move into new offices at 1 Albert Quay. Other significant gains were in accommodation and food service (primarily due to new restaurants and cafes), and administrative and support service activities. Administrative and Support Service newcomers include Alien Vault on Wellington Road (sales and technical support for IT-related security); Zazzle on Union Quay (customer support for on-line sales of custom-designed t-shirt and other goods); and On Assignment at Penrose Quay (a technical/ engineering recruitment service).

The Employment Survey indicates a loss in both the FIRE and Retail sectors. As set out in Section 2, losses in the FIRE sector included a number of bank branches in the City Centre (Anglo Irish Bank, Grand Parade; Certus, Grand Parade; Bank of Ireland, Bridge Street, National Irish Bank, South Mall; Ulster Bank, South Mall).

In the city centre retail sector, the survey indicates that greatest employment losses occurred in large retail businesses (i.e. retail units employing more than 50 staff). This reduction includes the closure of Dunnes Stores on North Main Street but also included reductions in staff for a number of existing retailers. Micro businesses (retailers with under 10 staff) also reduced by around 100 jobs. There were also losses in medium-sized retail shops (10-49) staff.

Finally, it is worth noting that the City Centre has relatively few jobs in the Information and Communication sector (259). These jobs are concentrated in the South East (1,986) and North East Sectors (1,185), and are also more represented in Northwest (391) and South West (343). The jobs in this economic sector that are located in the city centre are more associated with media (e.g. RTE, 96 FM, Examiner central office) rather than IT.

3.2 South West The South West Sector has the largest concentration of employment outside the City Centre. Closely related to this, it also has the highest number of major (500+) employers. These include both institutions and public/semi-state bodies (Cork University Hospital, Bon Secours Hospital, University College Cork, Cork Institute of Technology, Cork County Council, Electric Ireland (formerly ESB) as well as private sector firms in the Cork Business and Technology Park (including Abtran, Alcon, Apple and Boston Scientific). The South West also includes the Wilton District Shopping Centre and four local/ neighbourhood centres.

The South West sector gained over 2,000 jobs since 2011. It has one new large employer, Stryker Neurovascular. Stryker is located in the Cork Business and Technology Park and manufactures medical equipment for use in minimally-invasive techniques to treat vascular diseases of the brain.

3.3 South East The South East sector experienced the greatest job growth (3,609) of all six geographic sectors between 2011 and 2016. As indicated by Figure 3.3, the majority of employment in this sector is found in the Business and Technology zones in Mahon. Other employment in the area includes the Docklands, Mahon Point District Shopping Centre and Retail Park, St. Finbarr’s hospital on Douglas Road, and various local/ neighbourhood retail centres. Retail employment at Mahon Point held steady, St. Finbarr’s hospital and Docklands experienced gains (around 350 in Docklands), but the bulk of growth occurred in Business and Technology zoned areas in Mahon.

The survey indicates the greatest increase for the South East sector (1,100 jobs) occurred in the Information and Communication. This included 14 no. new businesses, five of which are large employers (Aruba Networks, wireless LAN solutions ; Dell/EMC, data storage; Fire Eye, cyber security and malware protection; and Simplivity, data centre). Administrative and Support Service activities sector also added over 1,000 jobs in the South East, including newcomer QualComm (IT services and solutions provider which started in Dublin in 1995) and very significant growth at VoxPro (an indigenous customer service and technical support solutions firm, headquartered in Cork.) Finally, the Human Health and Support Service Activities sector also gained almost 1,000 jobs, primarily due to increases at St. Finbarr’s hospital and to the relocation of the Mater Private Hospital from Shanakiel to the City Gate in Mahon.

3.4 North East The survey indicates that the North East sector experienced a net increase of 145 jobs between 2011 and 2016. The distribution of employment within the North East Sector is shown in Figure 3.4; employment areas include the Blackpool District Centre, the North Point Business Park & Boland Industrial estate, the Revenue Commissioners, Irish Examiner, Defence Forces at Collins Barracks, Cork Prison, COPE Foundation, Tivoli, and local/ neighbourhood shopping (including Mayfield Shopping Centre, Ballyvolane, and historic Blackpool).

The highest concentration of employment is found in the Blackpool District Centre, which the surveys indicate gained over 500 jobs since 2011. The district centre includes three large employers in the Information and Communication Sector: Blizzard, a gaming software company; and two newcomers NS90 / Xanadu, who provides IT support primarily to the on-line gaming sector; and Westborne IT Solutions. A fourth large tech company, Teamwork.com (who provide business management apps), is also new to the North Point Business Park in this timeframe.

3.5 North West The survey indicates that the North West Sector gained almost 600 jobs since 2011. As shown in Figure 3.5, the North West Sector has relatively few employment zones, given its residential nature. However, the North West includes one of the largest employers in the city (Apple), as well as Eir (former Eircomm) in Churchfield, and St. Mary’s Health Campus. The northwest also includes portions of historic Blackpool, Shandon Street, and local/ neighbourhood centres.

Employment growth in the North West was primarily associated with Apple and one new large tech employer, RR Donnelly. RR Donnelly provides global supply chain solutions and, like Apple, is located in the Hollyhill Industrial Estate.

3.6 South Central Employment in the South Central Sector is primarily concentrated in industrial estates on the Tramore Road and Vicars Road (see Figure 3.6). This includes the one major employer in the South Central Sector, Musgraves. Bus Eireann (the Capwell Garage) is also a large employer in South Central. The remaining employment areas are retail focused, including retail warehousing on Kinsale Road and 6 no. local/ neighbourhood centres.

The South Central sector has the fewest jobs of all six economic sectors, and it was the only sector to experience a slight loss of employment since 2011. This included the loss of around 50 jobs due to the closure of Vita Cortex (a foam manufacturer) and the relocation of Tekken Security from Tramore Road to the Airport Business Park (-100). A review of survey data indicates that losses may be smaller than reports in the Survey, as South Central had the highest rate of non-completion, and 2011 figures for one large employer appear to include volunteers (which would result in over- reporting for 2011 and thus a reported loss for 2016). Notwithstanding these technical issues, it appears that a slight loss still occurred in the South Central Sector.

4.0 Key Findings

In summary,

• Employment in the Cork City administrative area is at an all-time high; the Survey indicates a 9.3% growth in employment since 2011;

• Employment grew at a higher rate than the state average between 2011 and 2016 (8.4%);

• The City Centre still retains the highest share of jobs relative to other geographic sectors, but the South East and South West sectors experienced the most significant job growth between 2011 and 2016;

• The top three sectors for employment in 2016 were Human Health and Social Work Activities, Retail, and Administrative and Support Service Activities;

• Cork has a specialisation in administrative and support service activities, which includes businesses in Cork such as Abtran, parts of Apple, Qualcomm, Starwood, Voxpro, and Zazzle’s Cork-based operations. When the Employment Survey results are compared to nationwide CSO (Central Statistics Office) data, Cork has a higher-than-average share of jobs in the administrative and support service activities sector compared to both the country as a whole and compared to the Dublin Region. The 2016 Employment Survey results also indicated that Cork City’s administrative area’s most significant job growth occurred in this economic sector between 2011 and 2016 (4,500 jobs or 62% of total job growth);

• Cork has a lesser share of employment Financial, Insurance, and Real Estate Activities (FIRE) and in Information and Communication sectors compared to the Dublin region. However, Information and Communication is an increasing sector in Cork, demonstrated by the greatest number of jobs from new businesses (1,792) being in the Information and Communication Sector.

• Cork City’s Information and Communication Sector employment is predominately located in the South East and North East Suburbs. The FIRE sector is still most concentrated in the traditional city centre locations.

• 74% of businesses in Cork City employ fewer than 10 people. These micro enterprises are most concentrated geographically in the City Centre, and economically in the retail sector.

• 19 organisations in Cork City employ over 500 people and provide 35% of the city’s total employment. Almost 40% of these major employers are located in the South Western sector of the City.

• Over half of all new businesses since 2011 have located in the City Centre.

City Centre Sector Total Employment

1,000

Zoning

1-City Centre Retail Area

2-City Centre Commercial Core Area

9-Neighbourhood Centres

10-Local Centres

16-Mixed Use Development

1 5-Light Industry and Related Uses

10 7-Business and Technology

8-District Centres 1,000 ¹ ¹ 9-Neighbourhood Centres 10-Local Centres

TotalEmployment 2-City Centre Commercial Core Area

1 5-Light Industry and Related Uses

10 9-Neighbourhood Centres

10-Local Centres 1,000 ¹ ¹

1 2-City Centre Commercial Core Area

10 5-Light Industry and Related Uses

9-Neighbourhood Centres 1,000 ¹ 10-Local Centres ¹ 11-Retail Warehousing © Ordnance Survey Ireland South East Sector Total Employment Zoning 10-Local Centres 1 7-Business and Technology 11-Retail Warehousing ¹ 10 8-District Centres 16-Mixed Use Development 1,000 9-Neighbou¹ rhood Centres 20-Mixed Used Jacob's Island

1 8-District Centres

10 9-Neighbourhood Centres ¹ ¹ 1,000 10-Local Centres