March 18, 1982 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 4789 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS

OUTSTANDING WOMEN IN THE from her father or brothers might become a woman appointed to Delaware's Republican craftsperson on her .own. There was an ex­ State Committee. HISTORY OF DELAWARE cellent example of such a woman who lived Her growing involvement in politics con­ in Wilmington during the first half of the flicted with the wishes of the Wilmington 19th Century. Her name was Hannah Rob­ Board of Education. Forced to choose be­ HON. THOMAS B. EVANS, JR. inson and she mastered the difficult art of tween her teaching career and the cause of OF DELAWARE silversmithing so well that she was able to black political equality, she resolved to leave IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES compete successfully with the male silver­ teaching. Her later writings focused on po­ smiths of the town. litical issues dealing with race. She joined Tuesday, March 9, 1982 Hannah learned her trade in her brother's her second husband, Robert John Nelson, in e Mr. EVANS of Delaware. Mr. Speak­ shop on Market Street. After her aprentice­ publishing the Wilmington Advocate, a er, in recognition of Women's History ship, she opened her own shop and was the weekly newspaper dedicated to the fight for Week, I would like to share with my only female silversmith known to have equal rights for black citizens. She also colleagues an article recently brought worked in Delaware between 1700 and 1850. became a nationally known lecturer, speak­ Like all silversmiths, she affixed an identi­ ing on behalf of racial justice and world to my attention that outlines out­ fying mark like a signature to her work, and peace. standing women in Delaware history. I pieces known to have been made by Hannah Edwina Kruse and Alice Dunbar Nelson ask that the article be printed at this Robinson are now very much prized. did not limit themselves to the improvement point in the RECORD. Records show that Hannah Robinson was of education and civil rights for black males; The article follows: a successful businesswoman who knew the they were also involved in the struggle for power of good advertising, using posters, FORWARD WoMEN FROM DELAWARE'S PAST political rights for women, black and white. then called broadsides, to bring in more cus­ Women could not vote in Delaware until 1920 when the 19th Amendment to the of avenues open to women in the pre-indus­ United States Constitution finally granted In spite of its small size, Delaware is a di­ trial era of family enterprise. women suffrage. Passage of the 19th verse state, home to scientifically sophisti­ Before the Civil war in the 1860's, the in­ Amendment came only after a 70-year cated corporations and to extensive agricul­ stitution of slavery was widespread in the struggle by American women. ture; among its assets are historic towns and southern states of America including the vibrant seashore resorts. The Delaware that border State of Delaware. Throughout the Two of Delaware's suffrage leaders, Flor­ we know today has been shaped by its United States, but especially in the South, ence Bayard Hilles and Mabel Vernon, people, both men and women working as in­ black people, even those who were free, had became nationally known for their work in dividuals and as members of ethnic groups, few if any rights. In Delaware, for example, support of the amendment. Mabel Vernon businesses, associations, religious organiza­ the public school system begun by state law was the daughter of the publisher of the tions, and government. in 1829 did not include schools for black Wilmington Daily Republican. She was edu­ When we think of the past, we are in­ children. cated at Swarthmore College where she met clined to assume that women played little After the Civil War, a group of reformers, Alice Paul, another suffrage leader-to-be. role in public affairs, business, or science; calling themselves the Delaware Association After graduation, she taught briefly before that until quite recently their only roles for the Moral Improvement of the Colored Alice Paul, recalling Mabel's skills as a col­ were enacted in the home as wives and People, organized in Wilmington to provide lege debater, asked her to become a paid mothers. Important as domestic roles were schools for the state's black residents. To employee of Paul's new suffrage organiza­ and remain for women, they barely scratch assist with this project, the Association tion, the Congressional Union. the surface of the accomplishments of Dela­ hired a young woman of mixed European Mabel Vernon's first task was to organize ware women in virtually every aspect of our and African parentage from Connecticut, open air meetings in Delaware, to help build state's development. Edwina B. Kruse. Under the direction of the public support for the suffrage amendment. Let us begin by looking at domestic life in Association, Edwina Kruse traveled through Her involvement in the suffrage movement the past more closely. Today, we live in a rural areas establishing schools and locating was not limited to Delaware, however. She very complex world in which each individual teachers to assist with the education of the traveled the country, especially the Far in the work force is a specialist of some newly freed slaves. West, organizing suffragists for the Con­ kind. Specialization has permitted us to Though the Association's work would con­ gressional Union's campaign. She was also make remarkable advances in the produc­ tinue until 1875, in 1869, Edwina Kruse re­ the key figure in several acts of suffragist tion of goods and services for our economy. signed to become the principal of Howard militancy. In 1916, Mabel Vernon attended On the other hand, we have become highly School at 12th and Orange Streets in Wil­ the dedication ceremony at the Labor dependent upon other people to grow our mington, the largest and most permanent of Temple in Washington, D.C., when Presi­ goods, make our clothes, and even to keep the schools for blacks in Delaware during dent Woodrow Wilson, the principal speak­ our drain pipes unclogged. Two hundred the period following the Civil War. er, gave an eloquent address in praise of years ago, there were no factories and most During the 50 years she served as princi­ American democracy. Each time the Presi­ of the goods and services that we buy in pal at Howard, Miss Kruse expanded the dent used the word "democracy," Mabel stores were produced at home. The vast ma­ school from a simple 2-room building to an Vernon rose and demanded in a loud voice, jority of people then lived on farms where accredited college-preparatory high school. "Mr. President, what are you going to do the labor of every member of the family was She also supplemented Howard's curriculum about women's suffrage?" After two such necessary for the survival of all. Farm wives by bringing in nationally-known black lead­ outbursts, she was escorted away. A year and daughters were just as involved in the ers, such as Frederick Douglass and Booker later, she was one of several Congressional family economic enterprise as were hus­ T. Washington to expand the horizons for Union workers arrested and jailed for pick­ bands and sons. her students. Edwina Kruse built an out­ eting the White House. The same family involvement character­ standing faculty at Howard. In 1902, she Often working with Mabel Vernon and ized nonagricultural production as well. The hired Alice Dunbar, a Louisiana-born writer, the Congressional Union was Florence craftsmen who made items from iron and to head the English Department. Alice Bayard Hilles. Her involvement with the other metals worked in shops that were ad­ Dunbar had published her first book in 1895 suffrage movement began in 1914 with the jacent to, or part of, their residences. Their at the age of 20, and was also an accom­ local Delaware Equal Suffrage Association. wives and children were intimately involved plished poet and short story writer. While From then until 1920, she planned and led in the trade as helpers, sales people and teaching at Howard, she continued to write women's marches and rallies in Delaware. bookkeepers. Wives also had the important and also edited two anthologies for students Florence Bayard Hilles was descended from function of spinning, weaving, and sewing of oratory. one of Delaware's oldest and most respected the family's clothing. Alice Dunbar's concern for achieving political families. Her father, grandfather, Sometimes when a husband died, his wife equality for blacks led to her involvement in and brother were were United States Sena­ took over the business and ran it herself, or politics and civil rights activities. She even­ tors and her father also served as Secretary a woman who had learned a craft at home tually became, in 1920, the first black of State and Ambassador to Great Britain.

e This "bullet" symbol identifies statements or insertions which are not spoken by the Member on the floor. 4790 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS March 18, 1982 Florence Bayard Hilles was never intimidat­ and studied art in Paris. After returning warded, for Dr. Handy created a children's ed by the obstacles that all-male govern­ from Europe, she met and married Henry ward in the People's Settlement that doubt­ mental bodies thrust in her way. In 1915, Ridgely, the son of an old and prominent less saved many lives. In November of that for instance, when she led a contingent of family of Dover. The young Mrs. Ridgely year, she opened Wilmington's first pediat­ suffragists to appear before a committee of was enchanted by the charm of the town's ric clinic at the Delaware Hospital. There­ the State General Assembly, she boldly told colonial buildings, and she is perhaps best after, she was the baby doctor to hundreds the legislators "A mighty army of women, known for her pioneer efforts to preserve of Wilmington area children for several gen­ armed with education, is asking that it be them. As a founding member of the State erations. Margaret Handy's commitment to allowed to take part in the government. Archives Commission in 1905, Mabel Ridge­ pediatrics went beyond the care of individ­ What we come here to ask an<;l demand is ly helped to save thousands of public docu­ ual patients. She worked to find sources of justice. This discrimination is purely of sex, ments that might otherwise have been lost cow's milk free from tuberculosis for babies not of intellect." to historians. She founded the Friends of and children and set up a system to make it In 1918, she was one of a large group of Dover and worked to establish Old Dover easily available. Then she did the same for suffragists arrested for picketing outside Day, now an annual tradition. human milk when in 1946, the Mother's the White House. Given a pardon by Presi­ One of her most important projects was Milk Bank was established at the Delaware dent Wilson, she wrote on the envelope con­ the restoration of the Old State House on Hospital. Dr. Handy felt it was her finest taining his letter, "My crime was holding a Dover Green, opposite the Ridgely home. achievement. banner at the White House gate, inscribed, Mabel Ridgely also demonstrated a strong Women who played significant roles in 'Mr. President, how long shall women wait commitment to women's suffrage. As a Delaware history and opened doors for new for liberty?'" She was a major figure in the member of the Delaware Equal Suffrage As­ occupations and activities for women can be effort to secure Delaware's ratification of sociation, she participated in rallies and found throughout the State. Sussex County the suffrage amendment during the spring gave speeches on behalf of votes for women. has traditionally been noted for its agricul­ of 1920. Later, she worked for the Interna­ In 1919, she was elected president of the As­ tural bounty, and more recently for the de­ tional Women's League for Peace and served sociation and remained as president when it velopment of its magnificent coast as a for several years as chairperson of the Na­ became the League of Women Voters fol­ resort area. Though generally unrecognized, tional Women's Party. lowing the passage of the 19th Amendment. women have played key roles in creating The early 20th century, when the suffrage Another Dover resident was Annie Jump both the modern poultry industry and the movement was at its most intense, was a Cannon, a Delaware native who became a resort industry in the county. Mae Hall time of great social change throughout prominent astronomer. Born in 1863, Annie McCabe, who came to the small community America. Industrialization and urbanization Jump Cannon was the only daughter of a of Rehoboth Beach in 1920, led the way in were altering the way Americans lived and prosperous Kent County shipbuilder and developing the town as a summer resort. immigration was bringing many newcomers merchant. Encouraged by her school teach­ From her first days in the community, she to our country and state. Wilmington's fac­ ers and supported by family, Annie became served as one of Rehoboth's most ardent tories, for instance, hired many immigrants one of the fitst girls in Kent County to boosters, contributing to her adopted home­ from Poland, Russia, and Italy. Russian attend college when she entered Wellesley town's growth and progress through her Jews, viciously persecuted by the Czarist in Massachusetts. She was one of the first career as a businesswoman and active partic­ regime, were one of the largest immigrant girls in Dover to extend her education ipant in civic affairs. groups at the turn of the century. One of beyond high school. Annie's mother had in­ When she began a career as a real estate the first Russian Jewish families to come to spired her interest in astronomy, and, with agent specializing in summer beach rentals, Wilmington was that of Jacob and Rosa the guidance of a Wellesley professor, Sarah Mae Hall McCabe started the trend that Topkis. A coppersmith, Jacob Topkis quick­ Whiting, she made great progress in her made Rehoboth's name synonomous with ly found work, first in Pennsylvania, then in chosen field. Annie did her postgraduate summer fun. From an office in her home on Delaware, but possibly due to antisemitic re­ work with Professor Whiting and, in 1896, Rehoboth Ave. she pioneered in the real sentements, he lost these jobs, and Jacob she began her life's work at the Harvard estate profession and organized the Sussex and his sons became peddlers. By pooling College Observatory. When Annie Jump County Real Estate Board in 1949. In recog­ their entire earnings, they were able to open Cannon died in 1941, she had accomplished nition of her efforts, she was appointed to a clothing store on Front Street in Wilming­ a staggering amount of work that continues the Delaware Real Estate Commission and ton. to influence astonomers to this day. Stars served as its chairperson. The energetic Meanwhile, Jacob's energetic wife, Rosa are recognized by their spectra, the series of business woman continued work to improve Topkis, was busy organizing the city's grow­ images formed when a beam of light passes the beach community. Following the Great ing Jewish community and making her through a prism and is separated into bands Storm of March 1962, which destroyed the home the center of Jewish life in Wilming­ of varying color density and length. Using boardwalk and many beachfront buildings, ton. characteristics of their spectra, Dr. Cannon Mae Hall McCabe led a drive to construct a The beginnings of several Jewish organi­ developed an improved system for recording bandstand and fountains on Rehoboth zations, including the present Kutz Home and classifying knowledge about the stars. Beach's Memorial Green. She was also in­ for the Aged and the YMHA, took place in Her classification system was so flexible strumental in the formation of the Reho­ the Topkis family living room. and expandable that it was adopted by the both Beach Chamber of Commerce in 1966, Rosa's daughter, Sallie Topkis Ginns, im­ International Astronomical Union. The served as its first female president, and got bibed civic involvement at her mother's number of starlight spectras she classified the city government to join with it in spon­ knee. She was active in the women's suf­ totals over 300,000, many for stars more soring a popular series of summer concerts frage movement and despite her husband's than 100 times fainter than the naked eye at the bandstand. Though Mae Hall objections, picketed for voting rights in Wil­ can see. The catalogue of her work is still McCabe officially retired from her real mington and in Washington, D.C. Mrs. used by astronomers and is particularly val­ estate business in 1970 she continued to be Ginns, like her mother, was a leader in the uable because its classifications are the active in the life of Rehoboth Beach until Jewish community where she organized the studies of a single observer. her death in 1977. Wilmington Chapter of the Council of Another Delaware woman who was noted Southern Delaware's development as an Jewish Women, serving as its first president. for her accomplishments in a scientific field agricultural region was given a major boost She supported the work of Edwina Kruse was Margaret Handy, one of the Wilming­ by the contributions of another woman, and Alice Dunbar Nelson in improving edu­ ton area's most beloved physicians. Dr. Cecile Steele, who is credited with beginning cation for blacks and participated in the de­ Handy began her long career in pediatrics the multi-million dollar Delmarva peninsula velopment of the Delaware Industrial when it was a brand-new specialty. During broiler industry. For several years Cecile School for Girls. She was also a major her residency at Johns Hopkins Hospital, Steele had managed a small flock of egg figure in the establishment of the Delaware she was placed in charge of the pediatrics laying hens at her Ocean View farm, raising Chapter of the American Red Cross. ward. chicks to replace those hens that were Suffrage activity and civic improvement When she came to Wilmington in 1981, slaughtered for sale as stewing hens. then, was not confined to the Wilmington area. In she was well prepared to establish a private in the fall of 1923, she started raising a re­ Dover, Mabel Lloyd Ridgely was a member practice in pediatrics, but, as a young placement brood of 500 chicks, but, instead of the suffrage movement, active in develop­ female physician, she met with opposition of raising them to be egg layers, she sold ing civic institutions in and around the from most of the city's established doctors. the chicks to be broilers when they each state's capital, and she was one of the However, she had supporters as well, espe­ weighed two pounds. The next year, she re­ state's earliest most ardent historic preser­ cially Dr. Robert Ellegood, the man who put peated the process with 1,000 chicks. Before vationists. her to work on Wilmington's crowed east Mrs. Steele's experiment, broilers, or young Mabel Lloyd was born and reared in side during the influenza epidemic of 1918. frying chickens, were considered to be a sea­ Washington, D.C., attended private schools, Dr. Ellegood's confidence in her was well re- sonal foodstuff intended for small, elite eli- March 18, 1982 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 4791 entele. Mrs. Steele made them a staple of In all the controversy over arms buildup On December 18, 1971, Congress en­ the American diet. in Nicaragua the most careful intelligence is acted Public Law 92-207 designating By spring 1926, Cecile Steele's plant had a important. The Reagan administration has Capitol Reef National Monument as a capacity of about 10,000 chicks. Though at recognized the need for establishing credi­ national park. The monument has first the general practice in the broiler in­ bility by going public with some of the evi­ dustry was to raise only one batch of birds a dence behind its buildup allegations. If this since been enlarged to 245,229 acres, year, broiler production soon became a year­ is persuasive to other nations in the region about six times its original size. round industry. The impact that broiler pro­ they could be expected to share US con­ In enacting Public Law 92-207, Con­ duction had on the state's economy was cerns and support US initiatives. gress provided for a phaseout of live­ both rapid and tremendous; by 1943 broilers Yet, according to recent reports, the CIA is going beyond intelligence gathering and stock grazing within the park follow­ already generated two-thirds of Delaware's ing expiration of the then current per­ total agricultural income. proposing plans for covert actions against These brief biographies were selected to Nicaragua. This week the Washington Post mits and for one period of renewal suggest the many ways in which women cited administration officials as saying that thereafter. Implementation of this have helped shape the culture, economy, President Reagan had authorized a plan to provision took the form of a schedule politics, and society of the First State. De­ start forming a commando force of up to establishing one 10-year renewal for velopment of the education system, civil 500 Latin Americans for paramilitary oper­ ations across the Honduras-Nicaragua holders of 10-year grazing permits and rights reform, medicine, farming, science, ten 1-year renewals for holders of 1- the arts, real estate, and the long struggle border. for access to the voting booth for women The reported initial budget of $19 million year grazing permits. These permits were all furthered with singular success by was described by some as not very much. would then be terminated, depending these women of Delaware. Of course, these But part of the controversy over US covert on the type of permit, within the time subjects are merely an introduction to this action in Angola involved a mere $1.3 mil­ period of May 31, 1982, and May 31 broad topic of women's roles. The list of lion for recruiting mercenaries. Congress 1992. ' past achievements could be endless, but a prohibited US intervention there in the mid-1970s. There currently are 45 permit hold­ more important list will be the one generat­ The amount is not so crucial as whether ed by the activities of future generations of ers that would be directly affected by the US should be going in the direction of the termination of the aforementioned Delawareans, men and women together.e more covert activities after all the ethical questioning of them-and all their counter­ grazing rights. The termination of these rights would come during a cru­ COVERT ACTION IN productive effects-as brought out during the various investigations of the intelligence cial period in these ranchers' produc­ NICARAGUA? agencies in recent years. The Senate Select tive ranching careers. As a result of a Committee on Intelligence Activities, for ex­ loss in grazing areas, a large percent­ HON. MICHAEL D. BARNES ample, found that, of five paramilitary ac­ age of these ranchers would be forced tivities it studied, only one appeared to have to sell their livestock; some ranchers OF MARYLAND achieved its objectives. Cyrus Vance told the IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES committee that covert actions should be un­ would even be forced to liquidate their dertaken "only when absolutely essential to base operation lands and facilities Thursday, March 18, 1982 the national security." The committee con­ under distressed conditions at a loss. • Mr. BARNES. Mr. Speaker, last cluded: "The cumulative effect of covert ac­ In addition, the local economy would Monday I introduced a bill to prevent tions has been increasingly costly to Ameri­ suffer severely due to the fact that U.S. involvement in military or para­ ca's interests and reputation. The commit­ tee believes covert action must be employed this area of Utah is, to a great extent military actions against Nicaragua. I only in the most extraordinary circum­ economically dependent on incom~ wish to include in the RECORD an edito­ stances." from the small livestock operations rial from the Christian Science Moni­ Have such circumstances arrived in Cen­ that graze on Capitol Reef National tor which supports the idea that the tral America? It is a serious question for Park lands. United States has no business being Congress and the public to answer Congres­ In regard to the lands which histori­ involved in attempts to overthrow the sional oversight committees cannot counter­ cally have been used for livestock graz­ Nicaraguan Government. mand a presidentially authorized covert action. But, as former CIA director William ing within current Capitol Reef Na­ £From the Christian Science Monitor, Mar. Colby has pointed out, there is usually time tional Park boundaries, there are 11, 1982] during the implementation for them to three facts that merit careful consider­ COVERT ACTION IN NICARAGUA? make any doubts known to the White House ation. First, continuation of current As Washington's new evidence of Nicara­ so that it can call off an operation if it de­ grazing practices represent no danger guan military buildup is being evaluated, cide.c:; to do so. prudence must be exercised to protect sur­ In other words, if there is a Nicaragua whatsoever of depletion of the forage rounding countries from any Nicaraguan plan, it need not be carried out. Under a condition. Several range scientists, in­ military threat. The United States's hemi­ Reagan executive order, the authorizing of cluding public land specialists, believe spheric dominance gives it a key role in covert actions is less restrictive than during the forage conditions within the park keeping the peace. Yet this role can be un­ the previous administration. The challenge have, in fact, improved significantly dercut by reinforcing the image of interfer­ is to exercise the greatest responsibility and over the past 20 years and the im­ ing bully rather than wise leader. Having accountability to ensure that the problems provement trend continues. Second drawn attention to the potential problem, found by the congressional investigations the US can address it more effectively with are not repeated.e the areas involved are grazed only ~ the advice and cooperation of other mem­ winter and spring. Livestock are placed bers of the Organization of American on the range November 1, after most States. Notable candidates in this instance THE CAPITOL REEF GRAZING of the park is closed to tourists, and might be such sturdy democracies as Mexico RELIEF ACT OF 1982 removed by May 31, prior to major and Venezuela. They can help Washington usage by tourists. Furthermore, tour­ see itself as others see it and join to prevent ists who do see the cattle being trailed armed encroachments in the region. HON. JAMES V. HANSEN out of the park seem delighted to see Thus when the existence of a danger is OF UTAH this historical part of the "Old West" agreed upon it can be met with the open IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES means characteristic of democratic societies, in action. Third, and perhaps most im­ not the covert acts which are again in the Thursday, March 18, 1982 portant, those formations so unique to news. • Mr. HANSEN of Utah. Mr. Speaker, Capitol Reef National Park are the The gathering of intelligence is not the my distinguished colleague from Utah, major reasons the park was estab­ issue here. This is essential to any country's lished, in particular the "waterpocket national security. Knowledge can help to Mr. MARRIOTT, and I have introduced a preserve the peace. It can shape construc­ bill to amend the grazing phaseout fold," are not susceptible to damage by tive policies; even as lack of knowledge, wit­ provision contained in the original livestock grazing, owing to natural bar­ ness US intelligence failures in Iran, can statute establishing Capitol Reef Na­ riers and existing management pro­ cause problems. tional Park in Utah. grams. 4792 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS March 18, 1982 I offer this amendment in order to IMMIGRATION LAWS SHOULD since the first great wave of immigra­ avoid some serious inequities to those BE ENFORCED tion from Ireland, the Irish have man­ who currently hold grazing permits in aged to move themselves to the head Capitol Reef National Park. The graz­ of industry, politics, and the arts. Al­ ing phaseout plan adopted for Capitol HON. CARROLL HUBBARD, JR. though, in light of their success, it is Reef is substantially more accelerated OF KENTUCKY sometimes hard to imagine the kind of than the phaseout programs estab­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES religious and ethnic discrimination the lished for similar parks where grazing Thursday, March 18, 1982 Irish must have suffered in this coun­ has historically occurred. Therefore, e Mr. HUBBARD. Mr. Speaker, many try when they first arrived. Yet, they in offering this amendment, I seek nei­ of my constituents have written to me faced discrimination, and they fought ther extraordinary nor preferential with their thoughts on American im­ it with success. As a member of an migration policies. Solon Peck, of ethnic minority, I applaud their suc­ treatment; rather, I seek that which cess. It is a tribute to the potential has historically been done in similar Benton, Ky., believes the United that America can offer. situations in other national parks. States should strictly enforce its cur­ rent immigration laws. I believe Mr. There is another lesson to be taken A case in point, the Grand Teton Na­ from the celebration of St. Patrick's tional Park has a similar situation to Peck's letter is one which should be Day; it is a symbol of an American that of Capitol Reef National Park. shared with my colleagues and I wish to do so at this time. The letter fol­ ethnic minority's pride in its culture. Shortly after the Grand Teton Nation­ Of course, we are all, in a sense, ethnic al Monument became a national park, lows: BENTON, KY. minor~ties. We are also Americans, and the Congress approved an amendment DEAR MR. HUBBARD: The key House and there IS no reason we should not have specifying that any person holding a Senate subcommittees have held hearings pride in the United States and still permit when the park was established on immigration. The subcommittees have maintain a sense of our own ancestry. would be allowed, by law, to renew debated the status of refugees, illegal immi­ It is the right of each American to gration and numbers of immigrants. have pride in his or her heritage. In that permit for a period of 25 years Immigration is at the highest level in our from the date of establishment of the history. We have accepted twice the number the words of the Irish poet Patrick park, and "thereafter during the life­ of immigrants than the rest of the world Kavanagh, "Parochialism is universal: time of such a person and the lifetime combined, plus the millions of illegal immi­ it deals with the fundamentals." That of his heirs, successors, or assigns, but grants, mostly from Mexico. is what makes St. Patrick's Day uni­ only if they were members of his im­ We know that illegal immigrants depress versally popular.e wages, lower working conditions and take mediate family on such date, as deter­ the jobs of American workers. They also are mined by the Secretary of the Interi­ utilizing hard-pressed social services at a SALUTE TO RHODE ISLAND'S or." Both national parks have a histo­ time when we are tightening our belts. FIREFIGHTERS ry of grazing and are similar in many Despite laws limiting the U.S. to accepting ways. However, their phaseout timeta­ 50,000 refugees a year, the United States bles are quite dissimilar. has resettled hundreds of thousands of refu­ gees, far more than the rest of the world HON. FERNAND J. STGERMAIN Therefore, Mr. Speaker, in order to put together at a cost of $4 billion in the OF RHODE ISLAND address the inequities which face the past two years. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES 45 ranching families holding grazing Mr. Congressman, I recommend that the permits, and the negative impact that laws limiting the U.S. to accepting 50,000 Thursday, March 18, 1982 such inequities would have on the refugees a year be enforced for that e Mr. ST GERMAIN. Mr. Speaker I local economy; and considering the number. If this problem isn't halted at once, rise to salute three dedicated firefight­ with the amount of unemployment we have ers from Cumberland, R.I.: Michael compatibility of the current grazing in the U.S., crime will be rising at an alarm­ activity within the management ing rate. Pratt, age 21, Steve Garon, and Robert system and purposes of the park; I in­ Please give this letter serious consider­ Coleman, who on March 8, 1982, saved troduce this bill to delete the present ation. 10-year-old James Perry of North At­ grazing phaseout provision from the Thank you, tleboro from drowning in freezing Capitol Reef National Park Act and SOLON PEcK.e waters. Mr. Pratt was off duty but re­ substitute in its place with similar lan­ sponding to his scanner he ran to the ST. PATRICK'S DAY pond where he saw young James guage to thai found in the Grand struggling in the water, and immedi­ Teton National Park Act. I ask that ately plunged into the pond to rescue current grazing permits be continued HON. ROBERT GARCIA him. Ordered to return to the rescue through the lifetime of the present boat nearby by his superior, Coleman permit holder and the lifetime of his OF NEW YORK IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES who feared for Pratt's life, Pratt, Cole­ immediate family. man, and Garon then rowed to the Mr. Speaker, I feel strongly that my Thursday, March 18, 1982 boy. Private Pratt then jumped in the bill will provide a fair and equitable e Mr. GARCIA. Mr. Speaker, St. Pat­ frigid waters once again, broke the ice, means of addressing the full range of rick's Day is a national day of celebra­ and saved the boy. Both firefighters concerns at issue here. In view of the tion for Irish-Americans and Irish the Pratt and the young boy required hardships and inequities I have de­ world over. But it is also a day that all treatment at a local hospital. scribed and the willingness of the Americans celebrate. It is a festive, as Michael Pratt is a fine example of ranchers and officials concerned to well as a spiritual holiday. St. Patrick, the selflessness and dedication of our accept the policy decision set forth in the patron saint of Ireland, is credited firefighters, deserving of our utmost this legislation that, ultimately, graz­ with ridding Ireland of a plague of respect and trust. The three firefight­ ing will be eliminated from Capitol snakes. Whether or not Patrick rid ers were steadfast in a time of crisis Reef National Park, I submit this bill Ireland of snakes forever is not as im­ and I commend them for their courag~ and recommend its favorable consider­ portant as the spiritual legacy he left and competence in performing a ation by the House of Representatives to the Irish people. speedy and successful rescue. of the United States.e The Irish are a tenacious, warm­ It is through their efforts, working hearted, witty, and sensitive people. long hours and long days, that our They came to this country, an ethnic firefighters are able to protect us, and minority; scorned, laughed at, pushed save our families from tragedy and into ghettos. In the first 125 years, pain. I take this opportunity to remind March 18, 1982 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 4793 my colleagues of their hard work and Thompson-CSF and Cit-Alcatel, now the PERSONAL EXPLANATION ON unceasing dedication, and to salute sixth- and eighth-largest telecommunica­ THURSDAY'S VOTES tions companies in the world, two of their them, once again.e 11 major nationalization targets. While American Telephone & Telegraph HON. MARGARET M. HECKLER INTERNATIONAL COMPETITION and most of the world's other tele­ OF MASSACHUSETTS IN TELECOMMUNICATIONS communications companies were developing and producing electronic analogue switching IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES systems, Cit-Alcatel jumped technology gen­ Thursday, March 18, 1982 HON. TIMOTHY E. WIRTH erations with its digital switching. e Mrs. HECKLER. Mr. Speaker, this OF COLORADO "A lot of people thought we were crazy, morning, as a result of a computer IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES that the technology wasn't ready and it would be too expensive," said Robert De­ failure on the entire east coast, I was Thursday, March 18, 1982 bruin, Cit-Alcatel's spokesman. unavoidably detained at Boston Logan e Mr. WIRTH. Mr. Speaker, as we But digital has proved to be the future of International Airport. This caused me near completion of drafting telecom­ telecommunications. Today, various digital to miss six recorded votes. I regret munications reform legislation in the systems are leading in the world, with 30 missing any vote, at any time, and am House, I thought my colleagues would percent of the market. And their percentage par~icularly distressed at missing 6, es­ be interested in another perspective. is growing rapidly, PTT statistics show. Dig­ pecially because there have only been The nation of France has advanced ital turned out to be much cheaper than 29 recorded votes this session. very rapidly in its telecommunications other switching systems, primarily because At 7:30 a.m., I had boarded my service and technology. It is now a the price of its electronic components has flight, which was due to arrive in been steadily decreasing and because it is Washington at 8:45 a.m., far in ad­ major international competitor which cheap to maintain, Mr. Debruin said. is beginning to enter the U.S. market. vance of the House's 10 a.m. hour of The United States can no longer It is precisely in this fusing of computers meeting. Once I was aboard, the com­ and telephones-the telematic process-that puter failure was announced. As a assume that we have the field of tele­ the French are also undertaking a new tech­ communications to ourselves. Updated, result of events beyond my control, I nological adventure. Because the new digital was unable to depart-and then on a competitive, and international policy systems move traffic in the computer's is critical for this important industry. binary language, telephones lines can carry manual departure schedule-until Mr. Speaker, I would like to share television pictures, computer data, personal after 10:30 a.m., and hence to be with my colleagues an article on the mail, or even bank transfers to a terminal at present on the floor for today's record­ French telecommunications advances the office or home. ed votes. which appeared in the Christian Sci­ Thompson-CSF is one of the world's lead­ At this time, I would like to offer for ence Monitor February 19. ers in telematics research and development. the record my positions on the record­ The article follows: "We think telematics will be the wave of the ed votes of the morning: H.R. 3620, THE FRENCH OVERCOME OLD HANGUPS IN future," Thompson's Marie-Hel~ne Lafaye Hoboken Pier Sale Authorization­ THEIR TELEPHONE TECHNOLOGY de Micheaux said. yea; H.R. 4468, Secret Service Zones of In fact, though, telematics is already Protection-yea; H.R. 4688, Military Only 10 years ago, the French telephone starting to pay off. Thompson has helped Personnel and Civilian Employees' system was archaic. Waiting lists were two install computer terminals in three French Claims Act-yea; H.R. 3345, technical to three years for a phone, and what phones suburbs, providing a full range of informa­ amendments to the United States existed were frequently out of service. tion services. Major sales to the US include Code, title 35-yea; H.R. 2329, U.S. Just as galling to the nationalistic French desk terminals to GTE, digital disks to Courts' Jurisdiction for Cherokee was foreign domination of their telecom­ Xerox, and telecopiers to 3M, Mrs. Lafaye Claims-nay; and House Resolution munications industries. International Tele­ de Micheaux said. 290, to Reaffirm to the Public Their phone & Telegraph and Sweden's The two French telecommunications Deposit Insurance-yea. Ericsson controlled 60 percent of the giants are just beginning to edge into the French market. Last session, I maintained a 93-per­ American market. But exports elsewhere cent voting record and have voted But under the leadership of Valery Gis­ have produced much of their earnings. Cit­ card d'Estaing, the government launched a Alcatel has installed 7.5 million lines of its within the 90-percentile range during major effort to alter the situation. From digital equipment in 24 countries; and my 15-plus years in Congress. These 1975 to 1980, the French Post, Telephone, bills today were on the Suspension and Telecommunications department Thompson, 2.5 million equivalent lines in 14 countries. Calendar-requiring a two-thirds ma­ spent $30 billion, upgrading and doubling jority vote-which means that they the number of subscriber lines. At the same "We have no choice but to export, since time, the government pressured ITT and France's telecommunications market is only were noncontroversial. Nonetheless, it Ericsson to divest themselves of their 3 percent of the world market," Mrs. Lafaye disturbs me greatly that a computer French subsidiaries. In 1976, the two multi­ de Micheaux explains. failure prevented me from voting­ nationals capitulated, and sold most of their Here, too, the French government has particularly on House Resolution 290, assets to Thompson-CSF, an electronics helped the two companies. It has provided due to my concern about public confi­ giant. favorable credit and financing arrange­ dence in financial institutions-and Today, it takes only a day to have a tele­ ments, and proved especially astute in main­ lowered my percentile rating, which I phone installed, and phones work here just taining and developing its commercial lines have exerted strenuous efforts to as well as in the United States. Just as im­ with North Africa, the Middle East, and portant, the French companies claim to maintain.e have produced the major technological ad­ French-speaking Africa. vance in the telecommunications field in the Because government intervention in past decade-a computerized digital switch­ Thompson and Cit-Alcatel has been so pro­ DREDGE DUMPING IN LONG ing system for telephone lines. France is a found even under the previous conservative ISLAND leader in this field, termed telematics. administration, neither company expects to One of the main ingredients of this eco­ see much change after they are national­ nomic success has been government spon­ ized. "The two grpups were so dependent on HON.RAYMONDJ.McGRATH sorship of the telecommunications industry. the state anyhow that you could say they OF NEW YORK The government has helped not only by di­ were basically almost already nationalized," rectly investing in the industry, but aLso by explained Garard Dega of the PTT.e IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES providing technological advances and help­ Thursday, March 18, 1982 ing market its products abroad. Following in this tradition, the new So­ e Mr. McGRATH. Mr. Speaker, I am cialist government has made the nation's very disappointed with the decision major telecommunications producers, made by the Army Corps of Engineers 4794 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS March 18, 1982 to proceed with the dumping of dredge 8.9 percent. While still high, it represented knelt down and prayed to the gods, "Assist spoil in the western part of the Long a record low rate for the past four-year me in this hour of distress!" he cried. But period. The wanning months of the year the gods appeared to him and said, "Tut, Island Sound. The corps has apparent­ pointed to more significant progress. man, don't sprawl there. Get up and put ly ignored local concerns and the pro­ The rate for this January indicated fur­ your shoulder to the wheel!" tests of the Long Island congressional ther improvement in the trend. The Con­ The moral to this fable, as Aesop would delegation in making this decision. sumer Price Index rose at a seasonally ad­ have told it is this: The gods help those who Last year the Long Island congres­ justed rate of three-tenths of 1 percent in help themselves. Although the stories of sional delegation went on record as the first month of the year. Not since July Aesop were intended to provide guidance to being opposed to this dredge dumping, 1980 had there been as low a monthly the peoples of Greece many years ago, I be­ and we remain opposed to it. Dumping figure. If that rate could be held for 12 lieve his message is timeless. at this site runs the risk of affecting straight months, it would represent a 3.5 It seems that as Americans, we have found percent annual rate of inflation, clearly in ourselves stuck in a muddy part of the road. beaches and fishing on the north the tolerable range. Like the wagoner, we're carrying a heavy shore of Long Island. Past history That January figure came despite the rise but valuable load. Our cargo consists of the shows that dredge spoils from river in the cost of food, which in turn was due bricks of democracy, and our goal is to build basins contain potentially hazardous almost exclusively to the 16.8 percent rise in our nation to be a model for all of the other waste and toxic materials, including the cost of fresh vegetables. Such a cost in­ nations of the world. But try as we might to arsenic, petrochemicals, mercury and crease is one of the inevitable effects of a pull ourselves out of the mud, we'll never other heavy metals. Use of this dredge hard winter, one adversely affecting the escape unless we recognize exactly what it is site will have a detrimental effect on southern portion of the nation which sup­ that holds us back. plies those fresh vegetables to the rest of First, we must do our best to educate the both the water quality and the fishing the country. people of our nation. It is ignorance that in the sound. It will most certainly Of special note is the fact that prices for prevents people from seeing the light and have an adverse impact on Long Is­ meat, poultry and eggs fell. That is not a de­ following it and it's ignorance that prevents land's $2.5 billion tourism industry sirable situation for this area where a good us from seeing a way for a better life. and our $40 million fishing industry. measure of the economy depends on ade­ We must also learn to trust our fellow Most of the dredge spoil originates quate prices to livestock and poultry produc­ man. Discrimination and prejudice serve in a State other than New York, and ers, as well as other farmers. They have only to destroy the power we might have to­ residents of Long Island should not been suffering far too long from depressed gether. It is in the unity of our people that suffer potential economic conse­ prices. we can amass the strength needed to push If costs of other items, including gasoline our nation forward. quences for a problem they did not and transportation which did decline in Jan­ But how can we meet this challenge of create. uary, can be stabilized or reduced, then unity if we first identify a person by race or I urge the Army Corps of Engineers tliere should be improvement in agriculture. sex? It's only at the moment when we real­ to reconsider its decision.e It, too, needs relief from inflation; and it ize that mankind is one family and recog­ needs lower interest rates. nize all men as our brothers that we can The drop in interest rates early this week begin to achieve our potential as a world so­ ON THE RIGHT PATH is another welcome bit of economic news ciety. coming amidst the bold headlines about But perhaps apathy is the single most de­ President Reagan's difficulties with the new structive force in our quest to advance our HON. DOUGLAS K. BEREUTER budget and its protections of huge deficits. civilization. When wlll we ever realize that OF NEBRASKA The good news about inflation comes at a we all suffer if we don't care to become in­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES time when there is a need to restore confi­ volved in the freeing of our society? dence in the ability of Americans and their Thursday, March 18, 1982 Perhaps the popular fable of the wagoner leaders to deal effectively with serious eco­ and the gods can accurately describe the e Mr. BEREUTER. Mr. Speaker, nomic problems. The battle against infla­ frustration Americans feel about being while I have no intention of underesti­ tion is not won, of course. In fact, it is never stuck in the mires of ignorance, mistrust mating the serious problems that con­ over. But progress has obviously been made. and apathy. But, as the wagoner in the There is reason to believe the nation is on fable discovered, when we all put our shoul­ tinue to plague our economy, I believe the right path.e that many in our country have become ders to the wheel, we can continue on our way to build America as a nation to lead the too preoccupied with all of the bad other nations in the development of a world news that they seen and hear daily. GRETCHEN LEE-FINALIST IN society. Indeed, continuation of that frame of VETERANS OF FOREIGN WARS mind may well hinder our efforts to VOICE OF DEMOCRACY SCHOL­ Mr. Speaker, I thank my colleagues restore our economy to health and ARSHIP PROGRAM for affording me the opportunity to prosperity. share this achievement. Gretchen was For that reason, I was especially one of more than 250,000 students na­ pleased to read a recent editorial in HON. JOEL DECKARD tionwide to compete. I am proud of the Norfolk Daily News. In this in­ OF INDIANA Gretchen not only because of her ac­ stance, the author focused on some of IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES complishment as an Eighth District Constituent, but more largely because the positive signs that can be seen in Thursday, March 18, 1982 our economy. of her accomplishment as a young "There is reason to believe the e Mr. DECKARD. Mr. Speaker, I American.e Nation is on the right path." Those would like to take this opportunity to bring to the attention of my col­ are words worthy of our thoughts. A TRIBUTE TO DAVID LEVINE Mr. Speaker, I wish to have the text leagues the speech by Miss Gretchen of the editorial reprinted in full: Lee of Evansville, Ind, that was victori­ ON THE RIGHT PATH ous statewide in the Annual veterans of Foreign Wars Scholarship program. HON. BARBARA A. MIKULSKI A year ago there was general agreement in The speech follows: OF MARYLAND Washington, as in the rest of the nation, IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES that inflation was the No. 1 problem. An in­ BUILDING AMERICA TOGETHER flation rate for all of 1980 of 12.4 percent, A wagoner was once driving a heavy load Tuesday, March 16, 1982 one of the worst in the nation's entire histo­ along a very muddy way. His cargo consisted eMs. MIKULSKI. Mr. Speaker, the ry, had been recorded. of bricks to be used in a fine building to be Efforts to deal with the problem through erected in the town square for all to see and young people of this country are get­ restricting money supplies, by cutting back admire. At last he came to a part of the ting a bad rap; through the effects of on federal spending rates and by promoting road where the wheels sank halfway into the budget cuts their potential quality more savings on the part of individual the mud, and the more the horses pulled, of life is jeopardized, and generally, Americans have apparently had some re­ the deeper the wheels sank into the mire. they have been given a bad name sults. The rate for all of 1981 proved to be So the wagoner threw down his reins, and being associated with drugs, alcohol March 18, 1982 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 4795 abuse, and promiscuous sex. This is an RESOLUTION OF THE AMERICAN ner among other European states, and a LITHUANIAN COUNCIL OF NEW Member of the League of Nations. Unfortu­ unfair generalization. nately, during World War II, as a result of David Levine is a fine example of YORK the infamous Molotow-Ribben-trop Act, what our young Americans are really Lithuania fell victim to the Soviet Union, an like. He was a fine young man whose HON. GERALDINE A. FERRARO imperialistic, aggressive, rapidly expanding participation in Congress as a Demo­ colonial empire, whose ultimate goal was cratic page indicates that they prefer OF NEW YORK and remains to conquer the world. Forty­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES two years have passed but Lithuania still re­ to be a part of the solution rather mains in the fangs of the Soviet-Polit­ than part of the problem; that they Thursday, March 18, 1982 bureau, oppressed, exploited and serving are really interested in the good of the eMs. FERRARO. Mr. Speaker, the Moscow alone. country. continuing heroic dedication of the Having illegally annexed Lithuania in We all suffered a tragic loss when American Lithuanian community to 1940, Moscow attempted to crush any resist­ the cause of Lithuanian independence ance on the part of freedom-loving Lithua­ David died of cancer on March 5, 1982. nian people. Ordered by Stalin and super­ He was only 18 years old. His untimely is a source of great inspiration and vised by his henchman Suslow, the Russians death will be mourned by many, and pride for all freedom-loving people. On killed thousands of Lithuanian patriots and we will miss him very much.e February 21, 1982, the American Lith­ guerrilla freedom fighters and dispersed uanian Council of New York, meeting others throughout the Gulag Archipelago to celebrate the 64th anniversary of labor camps and Siberia. Lithuania lost IN MEMORY OF DAVID A. Lithuanian Independence Day, Febru­ twenty-five percent of its population. LEVINE ary 16, 1918, unanimously passed a res­ Through a puppet communist party and olution commemorating that historic government, they continue the destruction day, and proclaiming their determina­ and colonization of Lithuania to this day. HON. ROBERT T. MATSUI tion to assist their countrymen in All the Soviet might and efforts to subdue Lithuania in every possible way to win the Lithuanians have failed. The spirit of OF CALIFORNIA freedom and heritage of a glorious past runs freedom and independence from the in the very veins of Lithuanian people. It IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Soviet Union. manifests itself in numerous protests, peti­ Tuesday, March 16, 1982 I would like to share with my col­ tions, underground publications, courageous leagues the text of the resolution, and sacrifices, and so on. We express our admi­ e Mr. MATSUI. Mr. Speaker, I want I include it in the RECORD at this ration and gratitude to our suffering broth­ to commend my colleague, the gentle­ point: ers and sisters in the Soviet prisons, espe­ cially recent prisoners of conscience: Vik­ man from Illinois, Mr. DAN RosTEN­ LITHUANIAN AMERICAN COUNCIL OF NEW toras Petkus, Balys Gajauskas, Vytautas KOWSKI, for requesting time for a spe­ YoRK Skuodis, Nijole Sadunaite, Petras Pliumpa, cial order to memorialize the great We, the Lithuanian Americans of the City Lapienis, Terleckas, Iesmantas, Peceliunas, strength and good will of David A. of New York, assembled this 21st day of Statkevicius, Paulaitis, Sasnauskas, Janulis, Levine, who succumbed to cancer on February, 1982 at the Lithuanian CUltural Navickaite, Stanelyte ... The list is endless. March 5, 1982. We pay tribute to Center in Brooklyn. N.Y., to commemorate Let us renew our commitment to assist David with mixed feelings of great the 64th Anniversary of the Declaration of struggling Lithuanian people in every possi­ sorrow at his untimely death and Independence of Lithuania, do hereby pro­ ble way to win freedom and independence. , claim the following resolution. We express our gratitude to President great joy for the opportunity of know­ We are descendents of the Lithuanian Ronald Reagan. to the Government, the ing this courageous young man. people who inhabited the river Nemunas U.S. Senate and Congress for their invalu­ During David's tenure as a Demo­ basin on the south shore of the Baltic Sea able support. The Secretary of State Alex­ cratic cloakroom page, he served the since prehistoric times. The Lithuanians are ander Haig has summed up the stand of the of a different race and speak a different lan­ United States in these words: "Therefore, Democratic Members well through his guage from the surrounding Slavs and Ger­ keen intelligence, hard work, and dedi­ our policy of not recognizing the forcible in­ mans. The Lithuanian state was established corporation of Lithuania into the Soviet cation to the House of Representa­ in 1251 and reached its peak of growth and Union remains fixed and will not change." tives. It is a great tragedy for our expansion in the 15th century. Then gradu­ And we applaud. Nation that someone of David's cali­ ally she lost ground and even had to endure We hopefully welcome the new spirit of ber, who passed away just 4 days after a century of czarist Russian occupation straight talk with the Soviets and the con­ his 18th birthday, was unable to until 1918. On the 16th of February, the frontation with them at the Madrid confer­ Lithuanian Council, exercising the people's ence and elsewhere. We urge the continu­ expand his abilities and talents and right of self-determination, declared Lithua­ continue his significant contribution ance of these efforts. May they lead to a nia's independence again. The Secretary of better world to live in, one based on free­ toward making our country a more State, Alexander Haig, in his letter to Dr. S. dom, justice and respect for everyone's just and equitable society in which to A. Backis, Charge d' Affairs of Lithuania, ex­ rights. live. pressed the essence of the matter: "The Copies of this resolution will be forwarded David's courage, in the face of his ill­ founding of Lithuania's Republic on Febru­ to the President of these United States, to ary 16th, 1918 gave fonn and meaning to the Secretary of State, to the Senators and ness, was extraordinary, and in his Lithuania's commitment to freedom and battle against cancer he lived out the Congressmen of New York, Senator Charles self-determination. Lithuanians, as do H. Percy, Congressman Dante B. Fascell, dictates of the Welsh poet Dylan Americans, remain devoted to these funda­ Governor Hugh Carey, Mayor Edward Koch Thomas' lines, "Do not go gentle into mental principles." and to the news media.e that good night. Rage, rage against The young Republic was forced to defend the dying of the light." David did just her independence from invading Russian that, and the valor he demonstrated in bolsheviks. There are here among us a few PRIVATE SECTOR CHARITABLE freedom fighters of those independence fighting his illness provides us with a wars. They are: Captain Jurgis Kiaune, Cap­ CONTRIBUTIONS great example of human dignity. tain Petras Jurgela, Alfonsas Konce, Col. All the Members who knew David Dr. Ingelevicius, Lieutenant Jonas Jankus, share a profound sense of loss over his Sgt. Juozas Juozapavicius and Kazys Al­ HON. ROBERT GARCIA death. Our sympathies, both as a body genis. We salute them as living symbols of OF NEW YORK total commitment to the freedom of a and as single Members, rest with IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES David's parents, Roy and Sara Lynn, nation and hope they live long enough to see Lithuania free again. ' Thursday, March 18, 1982 and his brother, Robie. We cannot as­ The Republic of Lithuania marched for­ suage their grief, but we can pay our ward in giant steps, made daring decisions, • Mr. GARCIA. Mr. Speaker, today I respects to the remarkable person who such as the Land Refonn Act, in a short am introducing legislation expressing was their son, David A. Levine.e time became a modern state, an equal part- the sense of Congress that each busi- 4796 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS March 18, 1982 ness receiving tax benefits under the underprivileged, and the handicapped of our things to come. It shows that, perhaps for President's economic recovery pro­ society.e the first time in our national experience, the politics of mass protest are being gram should consider it consistent brought into play in the matter of national with the President's program to con­ WHO REALLY WORKS FOR defense." tribute at least 5 percent of its annual PEACE? Kennedy-Hatfield amounts to U.S. accept­ profit toward charities and other ac­ ance of Soviet strategic superiority. If tivities designed to assist the poor, the adopted, it would leave the Soviets with an elderly, the underprivileged, and the HON. ROBERT H. MICHEL absolute monopoly of 700 first-strike mis­ handicapped of our society. OF ILLINOIS siles <5000 warheads targeted on the U.S.> President Reagan, in announcing his IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES and 300 medium-range missiles targeted on budget last spring, called on Ameri­ Europe. cans to usher in a new spirit of volun­ Thursday, March 18, 1982 Jimmy Carter's proposed responses to this tarism-to take over from the Govern­ e Mr. MICHEL. Mr. Speaker, it is a Soviet reach for superiority-the 200 land­ ment the task of caring for the poor sad truth that not all those who cry based MX missiles and the 572 Europe­ "peace, peace" do the work of peace. based cruise and Pershing missiles-would and indigent. In mid-January, in a be canceled. The "window of vulnerability" speech before the New York Partner­ In fact, those now calling for unilater­ that Mr. Reagan was elected to close, what­ ship, Mr. Reagan further elaborated al disarmament or weakened national ever the cost, would be nailed open. on this theme calling for a "nation­ defense on the part of the United The U.S. negotiating position at the forth­ wide effort to encourage citizens to States-all in the name of "peace"­ coming Strategic ArmS Reduction Talks join with us in finding where need are contributing to the possibility of would become untenable, since Mr. Reagan exists, and then to reorganize volun­ war. The only way we are going to would have nothing to trade the Soviets in teer programs to meet those needs." have a nuclear war is if the Soviet exchange for reducing their vast arsenal. As Many of the cuts took effect October Union is tempted by Western weak­ for the U.S. negotiators at the nuclear 1, 1981, and were supposed to be re­ ness to launch an attack. And these weapons talks in Geneva, they could be self-proclaimed "peace groups" are called home. placed by private citizens, local gov­ Kennedy-Hatfield entails acceptance of ernment and industry. weakening the will of the West and the opening Soviet position, a freeze, and re­ Unfortunately, this has yet to occur. tempting the Soviets with their misin­ jection of Mr. Reagan's "zero option"-not There are many holes in the safety formed, uninformed, and inadequate to deploy our cruise and Pershings missiles net for the poor which have not yet understanding of the relationship be­ if the Russians will dismantle their SS-20s. been mended by the private sector. tween United States and Soviet nucle­ Under Kennedy-Hatfield, they may retain This void in social care for the needy ar forces. them. is not readily being closed by local gov­ At this time I wish to insert into the That Kennedy-Hatfield seems so unthink­ ernments or private businesses. Re­ RECORD an article that clearly puts ing and simplistic a response to that most grettably, many poor and near poor into perspective the dangers of this agonizing and complex of modem dilem­ mas-maintaining peace and security in a are being asked to bear the burden of misnamed "peace" movement: Patrick nuclear age-does not diminish its appeal. this lapse in important services. J. Buchanan's "Arms and the Foe For the American governing class, present The resolution I am introducing Within," published in the New York and future, seems weary with its role as, in along with several of my colleagues, Post, March 16, 1982. JFK's phrase, "watchmen on the walls of suggests that businesses which have The article follows: freedom." It is tired of the economic been to take advantage of the tax cuts [From the New York Post, Mar. 16, 19821 burden, fearful of the military risk. It contribute 5 percent of their annual ARMs AND THE FoE WITHIN doesn't want its sons to die in a cause-the profits to charitable organizations. West-for which it no longer care or be­ Since the economic recovery program lieves. Warnke has correctly diagnosed per­ With Mr. Conservative's 44-state landslide haps the most powerful strain of the virus: was conceived with just this kind of in 1980, the capture of the Senate and the fear. business participation in mind, it is collateral defeat of ancient foes George "People are very much more receptive only fitting that Congress reaffirm its McGovern, John Culver, Frank Church and than they were a few years ago. I think for intention now. Birch Bayh, the new American right first one thing people are becoming more H. CoN. REs. - tasted victory. But in its exuberance, the right underesti­ scared-as they ought to be." Concurrent resolution expressing the sense mated the tenacity of the grip McGover­ If the response to the increasingly bold of the Congress that businesses receiving nism retains upon the nation's rejected reach of the Soviet Empire is to be deter­ tax benefits under the President's eco­ elites. . mined .bY a mass movement inspired by fear, nomic recovery program should help to After 16 years of labor in the provinces, the future should resemble the immediate offset the reductions in domestic pro­ the conservatives may have acquired the past. Only more so. New cities, new date­ grams by increasing their charitable con­ lock on the presidency of which we pundits lines, closer, much closer to home will re­ tributions write. But the by-passed citadels of liberal­ place the list from the last decade: Da Nang, Whereas President Reagan's economic re­ ism remain unreconciled to Reaganism. Saigon, Phnom Penh, Kabul, Tehran, Ma­ covery program mandates withdrawal of Much of the Roman Catholic Church now nagua, San Salvador.e Federal funds from various domestic pro­ belongs to the resistance. A proposal for grams; unilateral disarmament today would occa­ Whereas many of these programs were de­ sion no large or angry protest at the United CONGRESSMAN JIM FLORIO . signed, however imperfectly, to assist the States Catholic Conference. RECEIVES HEMOPHILIA AWARD poor, elderly, the underprivileged, and the Preaching from the pulpit of St. John the handicapped of our society; and Divine at a conclave on world peace, Paul Whereas the President has repeatedly Warnke, Jimmy Carter's SALT II negotia­ HON. HENRY A. WAXMAN called upon the private sector to contribute tor, urged the U.S. to adopt a "no-first-use" to the welfare of these groups in whatever policy on nuclear weapons. OF CALIFORNIA way it feels appropriate, so that their Sens. Edward Kennedy and Mark Hatfield IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES "social safety net" is not jeopardized: Now, have produced the signatures of 15 col­ therefore, be it leagues and almost a third of the House on Thursday, March 18, 1982 Resolved by the House of Representatives a resolution calling for an immediate freeze e Mr. W~MAN.Mr.Speaker, several (the Senate concurring), That it is the sense on the U.S. and Soviet arsenals. Blessing the weeks ago, our colleague JIM FLORIO of the Congress that each business receiving enterprise were Rev. Billy Graham and tax benefits under the President's economic Rabbi Alexander Schindler, president of the was honored by the National Hemo­ recovery program should consider it consist­ Union of American Hebrew Congregations, philia Foundation with their L. Mi­ ent with the President's program to contrib­ who sees the arms race as the "central chael Kuhn Award for Distinguished ute at least - percent of its annual profit moral issue of our day." Legislative Service for his work in pro­ toward charities and other activities de­ Columnist Joe Kraft is on the mark: "The tecting the Federal program of com­ signed to assist the poor, the elderly, the call for nuclear freeze provides a preview of prehensive care for hemophiliacs. March 18, 1982 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 4797 Congressman FLoruo is a valuable grams of the nation were going to be carried staff worked hard on this issue and, of colleague on the Energy and Com­ out. For a long while, many of us feared course, as taxpayers it pleases us to see that that the Hemophilia Treatment Centers not only you, as a Congressman, worked merce Committee and an outstanding Program, which had been so painstakingly hard on this issue, but also that you have member of its Subcommittee on put together over the last five years, which quality staff people working with you on Health and the Environment. As has served so many thousands of hemophili­ these matters as well. chairman of that subcommittee, I acs so well with a program of comprehen­ Courage is the ability to understand the know the contribution he has made to sive care, and which had been supported long-term interests of your constituency. It strengthening our health care pro­ both by congressional authorization and ap­ takes courage to work for cost effective pro­ grams and protecting the environ­ propriate laws, was to be dismantled. grams designed ultimately to have our citi­ ment. He is a strong, dependable ally Jim Florio was a leader in developing an zenry self supporting and productive even amendment to the legislation which protect­ when those programs cost tax dollars today. who is always willing to work hard and ed the Hemophilia Treatment Centers Pro­ Jim Florio had the courage to recognize speak out for the programs he sup­ gram by having it placed as an integral pro­ that the Federal Hemophilia Program was ports. I consider myself fortunate to gram in the Maternal and Child Health Ad­ so cost effective, so efficient and led to such count him as a friend. ministration, as part of a 15% set aside pro­ improvements in hemophiliacs' health care His efforts on behalf of the hemo­ gram to be administered nationally through that it just had to be saved-and he helped philia program are one example of the the Department of Health and Human Serv­ save it. contributions he makes. I worked with ices. He not only saw to it that the amend­ Jim Florio, it is with great pleasure that I Congressman FLoRIO and other con­ ment was in the House of Representatives present this award to you for your compas­ cerned Members to insure that the ef­ legislation, but he and his staff tracked the sion, your competence, and your courage. Senate version, and the Senate-House con­ You deserve this award and the thanks of fectiveness of successful Federal ference, to see that the Hemophilia Centers the thousands of hemophiliacs, their fami­ health programs would continue in Program was protected so far as possible. lies, friends and the health care profession­ this time of budget cutbacks. Working Congressman, I know that you will recall als who work in the Centers to provide the together, we were able to provide that this language, but I do want to have it noted care.e the unique interstate, regional hemo­ that the Senate-House conference language, philia treatment centers are to contin­ in its bill report, commented: "The confer­ ue as a Federal responsibility. ees intended that, in administering this sec­ MARYLAND FARMER ROBERT As the House considers funding for tion, the Secretary gives special consider­ ation to the continuation of existing genetic TAYLOR NAMED TO THE this program, situated within the ma­ diseases and Hemophilia Programs." AMERICAN CYANAMID CO. 65 ternal and child health block grant, I We also realize that although you are a CLUB BECAUSE OF HIS OUT­ am hopeful that all Members will rec­ member of the authorizing committee STANDING PRODUCTIVITY ognize its importance to those citizens which developed the law under which our afflicted with this disease. program is administered, you are also inter­ In presenting the award, Donald S. ested, as a Congressman, in assuring that HON. ROY DYSON Goldman, vice chairman of the Na­ the program is well administered and that the public funds are well spent. We would OF MARYLAND tional Hemophilia Foundation, and a IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES long-time leader and voluntary worker like you to hear the words of the Appropria­ tions Committee of the U.S. House of Rep­ Thursday, March 18, 1982 on behalf of those who suffer from he­ resentatives this last year, as they provided mophilia, commended JIM FLoRIO for funding for the program: "the Hemophilia e Mr. DYSON. Mr. Speaker, I am his efforts and concern. I know many Comprehensive Demonstration and Treat­ quite proud to inform my colleagues in of my colleagues would echo the senti­ ment Centers rec. ~ved program reauthoriza­ the House that one of my constitu­ ments Mr. Goldman expressed. I am tion in the Budget Reconciliation Act of ents, Mr. Robert Taylor, of Preston, inserting his statement into the 1981, and were placed organizationally in Md., has been chosen for membership RECORD. the Maternal and Child Health structure. in the 1982 American Cyanamid Co. 65 This program, by any measure, has been The statement follows~ Club™. very successful, and now has 23 core treat­ The award we present today to Jim Florio ment centers and 50 satellite service pro­ The name of this important pro­ is the L. Michael Kuhn Award for Distin­ grams serving approximately 6,000 hemo­ gram-which is sponsored by one of guished Legislative Service. Who was L. Mi­ philiacs. Federal dollar use has been multi­ the largest manufacturers of agricul­ chael Kuhn and why was this award named plied by research and care spin-offs in pat­ tural chemicals-was derived from the after him? terns of comprehensive care, financial and fact that when the club was formed, Dr. L. Michael Kuhn was a doctor. He family counseling, genetic hepatitis studies, practiced in Plainfield, New Jersey, and the average U.S. farmer produced maintained the largest private practice of and others." enough food and fiber for 65 persons Hemophiliacs in the country. Dr. Kuhn was Jim Florio did this because he cared, not at home and abroad. Members of the also a visionary. He recognized that ade­ because of some perceived advantage to 65 Club, however, now produce much quate supplies of expensive clotting factor him. Even though our Nation's Hemophili­ more than this. and medical comprehensive care teams were acs, their friends and families have demon­ strated themselves to be a potent political Mr. Taylor is 1 of 10 farmers in the essential if hemophiliacs were to lead more United States who will be recognized normal and productive lives with lessened force, it has always been on a non-partisan pain, suffering and crippling. He recognized basis, not used for any specific candidate. this year for his record of achievement that only governmental support help could Competence is getting a job done. That is as an agricultural producer and his supply those essential ingredients and led one thing Jim Florio knows how to do. I re­ successful practice of sound farm man­ the successful fight in the initial efforts for member that I contacted Jim Florio on agement principles. This includes the Hemophilia legislation. Unfortunately Dr. Wednesday. Thursday morning I got a call safe, proper, and judicious use of Kuhn, his wife and children were prema­ back from Peter Newbould, the Congress­ chemicals and other modern produc­ turely taken from us in a tragic plane crash man's aide, and explained our legislative tion tools and techniques. in 1973. problem to him. On Friday he called Ann Dr. Kuhn exhibited three important qual­ Walsh, the National Hemophilia Founda­ Accompanied by his wife, Joyce, Mr. ities which form part of the criteria for this tion's Legislation Committee Chairperson. Taylor is in Washington this week to prestigious award. Those qualities are com­ On Monday they met. On Tuesday the Com­ participate in official National Agri­ passion, competence and courage. mittee language was drafted. Soon thereaf­ culture Day ceremonies on March 18 Compassion is the caring for others less ter it was approved by the Subcommittee. as a member of the 65 Club. fortunate than yourself, without having any Eventually that language became part of Mr. Taylor's 2,950-acre farming oper­ expectation of any return. It is doing for the Dingell-Waxman Amendment and was ation is impressive, and constitutes an others because you care. Jim Florio has passed into law. That is an example of com­ important part of the overall produc­ compassion. He cares about the poor, the ill petence. and the hemophiliac. Here, Congressman Florio, I think it is tivity of the American rarming com­ As many of us recall, during the late also appropriate to thank you for the qual­ munity. The allocation of his land in­ summer of 1981, considerable debate was ity of the staff people you have working for cludes the use of 1,300 acres of soy­ taking place on how the health care pro- you. You know that Peter Newbould of your beans with an average yield of 34 4798 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS March 18, 1982 bushels per acre; 1,100 acres of com With all best wishes for continued success the options that the Reagan Administra­ with an average yield of 100 bushels of in publication, tion-or the Nation as a whole-has, having Sincerely, awakened to the problem that we really do dry com per acre; 300 acres of wheat RONALD REAGAN.e have a threat militarily, is the incremental with an average yield of 20 bushels per approach to the problem, which is to reach acre; and 250 acres of barley with an over into the Pentagon and turn on all the average yield of 60 bushels per acre. SPACE TECHNOLOGY AND IM­ taps to the prograxns which have been stif­ Productivity had a lot to do with Mr. PLICATIONS FOR NATIONAL fled or cancelled in the past few years. That Taylor's selection to the 65 Club, but DEFENSE can get very expensive. so did his proven leadership in his With regard to this situation we have community. He is a member and past some very good historical precedents. One chairman of the Tri-County Field Ad­ HON. JOHN H. ROUSSELOT of them is France between the two world OF CALIFORNIA wars. The French were not tightwads about visory Council; active in the American giving money to their military. But they put Agriculture Movement; a member of IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES a lot of money into the Maginot Line and the board of directors of the Grain Thursday, March 18, 1982 they were whipped out in two weeks by the Marketing Cooperative; member and e Mr. ROUSSELOT. Mr. Speaker, the Germans in 1940. As I said, it was not be­ past member of the board of directors United States entered the space-age cause they were stingy with the money, but of the Maryland Farm Bureau for two decades ago with the sole purpose because they pursued a bad strategy. This Caroline County; and participates in same kind of pitfall lies, in my opinion, with of advancing mankind's knowledge of the incremental approach of buying more the Maryland soybean program. In the universe. Our experiments in planes, tanks etc. . . . today. fact, Mr. Taylor has received six certif­ space, the Moon missions and Skylab We have an alternative-bold strokes and icates of merit from that program. were not just tributes to American in­ a technological end run around the Soviet Mr. Speaker, the proven productivi­ genuity but to man's quest for knowl­ Union. There are a number of areas current­ ty of American agriculture is a vital in­ edge. In recent years there have been ly where a bold military stroke is possible. gredient in our strength as a nation, attempts to formalize an understand­ The first one that comes to mind was both domestically and internationally. ing by the world's space-age powers opened to us by the colossal success of the I am pleased and honored that one Space Shuttle. This opens up some enor­ that all activities be dedicated to the mous strategic opportunities for the United of my constituents has been chosen advancement of all nations, and not to States. We can deploy in space a defensive for membership in the 65 Club. I know the selfish promotion of military supe­ capability against Soviet ballistic missiles, that you and all other Members of the riority. In fact, several weeks ago the whether they are aimed at the U.S. or one House join with me in extending our Soviet Union proposed a new United of our allies-J'apan or western Europe, and congratulations to Mr. Taylor for this Nations treaty that would ban weap­ so threaten that force with attrition that important achievement.e the Soviets could no longer ever make plans ons from space. But word has now for taking out the U.S. deterrent. Now that reached the Western World that the is a sufficient exchange. We can restore con­ PRESIDENTIAL CONGRATULA- Soviet Union, contrary to its own fidence in our own people and our allies if TIONS TO THE JEWISH NEWS propaganda, has launched experimen­ we do this. OF SOUTHFIELD, MICH. tal orbital weapons systems in space. Furthermore, we can at the same time This unmanned system is reportedly solve or partially solve another problem equipped with clusters of small mis­ that faces the U.S. That is our reliance on HON. WM. S. BROOMFIELD siles that can home-in on sources of OPEC for oil. In other words, solving the heat in orbit. strategic problems connected with the OF MICHIGAN energy crunch. I really believe that this will IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES This evidence of hostile intentions reduce the urge both on our part and that represents a dramatic new war-fight­ of the Soviet Union to pile up more and Thursday, March 18, 1982 ing capability for the Soviet Union­ more nuclear weapons. We can do all this if e Mr. BROOMFIELD. Mr. Speaker, I the only country to test weapons in we just begin to pursue a space born de­ wish to draw the attention of my col­ space. A capability to quickly destroy fense. Why space? Because we are now at leagues to a Presidential letter of con­ several of our tracking satellites would the historic juncture of time when we can gratulations to the Jewish News of be all that is needed to launch a sur­ and must do it! We will either do it or sur­ prise attack. This course of events fur­ render strategic supremacy to the Soviet Southfield, Mich., on the occasion of Union in no uncertain terms. its 40th year in publication. The ther proves the futility of attempts to Three thousand years ago man fought on Jewish News is an outstanding exam­ demilitarize space. Historians will land because all people were there. Later on ple of responsible, informative jour­ recall similar attempts to do the same people moved out onto the edges of the con­ nalism. It has faithfully served the thing with the oceans and airspace. tinent. Those who moved into shallow community by providing accurate, Neither attempt was successful. If the waters and had the wit or luck to be able to timely, and hard-hitting reports of United States is not to be caught off extend their military capabilities to those current events and historical analysis. guard we must utilize our space sys­ shallow seas achieved great strategic victo­ ries. Most of the time these were very small The Jewish News is truly a source of tems-the most advanced in the peoples, the Vikings for instance, and yet by pride in Michigan. President Reagan's world-for the possible defense of our 900 AD they controlled most of the Europe­ letter follows: country. A few months ago Gen. an coast, the British Isles and the Mediter­ THE WHITE HOUSE, Daniel Graham ships, March 18, 1982 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 4799 but also of the British merchant fleet. To­ ford Research Institute-a space vehicle pability-it all means you don't have to gether they gave an enormous advantage to with high maneuverability, able to do many have the MX. We can do it all with far less the British. different military tasks in space, among money and with a great popular support, In my own life time, man's activities have them, assist in the strategic defense. That much quicker-yes, we can do it all. In half moved sharply into the coastal seas of space vehicle, because it uses technology al­ the time it takes us to get out an MX we can space, that is, the atomsphere. Much of our ready on the shelf, costs less than a Lear have a space born defense. communication and transportation has Jet. Furthermore, they could produce the Money-the thing is, we will get both of moved into the air and once again the na­ first one in a year and a half and in five them free. I was in Japan two weeks ago tions which were able to master this years we could have a whole fleet of them. talking to a bunch of Japanese industrial medium are the nations which are now on Compare that with the MX! In 10 years we people and I laid this thing out. They were top. Many tried, but the winner was the get 200 more missiles. very interested because they can contribute United States. We were able to gain the That is only one of many technological to space born defense and a source of power strategic advantage through most of the options and you don't have to invent the for a country that has to rely 95-96 percent 1940s and 1950s-not just because we had laser to do it, although the laser could make on imported power of course was very inter­ the best military aircraft, but also the best it easier to do. You can shoot down Soviet esting to them. The Japanese fellow who commercial aircraft. We dominated the at­ ICBMs as they are coming up with ice represents Phillips Oil Co. in Japan said, mospheric envelope that is the coastal seas cubes. Because the speed of an orbiting ve­ "You know, first of all how much does it of space. hicle that would discharge anything at cost to get the first power satellite up." The Now let me tell you something that you those Soviet missiles is so great that a hail fact is, that as a stand-alone effort, with no might find startling-the strategic advan­ stone striking them will put them out of military aspects-nothing helping, it would tage that we possessed from the end of commission. So you don't need a fancy ray cost sixty-five billion dollars to get the first World War n until very recently would gun-you can do it with ice cubes if you one. The next ones would come along at two have been there whether or not we had had have to! billions a clip and you could build two or the atomic bomb first. It is not the nuclear Another part of this package makes it three a year. weapon that gave us our strategic position even more exciting. The same kind of logis­ But the Japanese said, "You know, if the so much as it was control of the atmos­ tical system that we need to put a military free world-the advanced industrialized na­ phere. Granted, nuclear weapons enhanced capability in space which protects not only tions in the west, said that's the way we're this situation, but they were not fundamen­ us but our allies is the same logistical going and there was no doubt in the minds tal. system which can do one other thing that is of OPEC that that was what we were going Human activity is moving into space­ very, very interesting and that is to put up to do, the OPEC urge to keep the oil in the commercial and military. There is already solar power satellites. That is, large satel­ ground for 20 or 30 years would be a lot less enormous investment in space with one lites which have a large array of photo elec­ strong and they would begin to pump oil country or another, either ours or our allies, tric cells that stay in the sunshine at all and then the price of crude would come or the Soviet Union and even now India. times because it is in geo-stationary orbit, down and at a minimum it would almost cer­ One of us will acquire dominance in space, the sun shines on these cells, then a large tainly keep oil prices level." And, he says, and that one will rule the-roost. So histori­ antenna beams that power down to the "if oil prices are kept level Japan alone cal imperative drives us into space. At earth in a broad microwave beam so that could retrieve the 65 billion it takes to get present, the United States enjoys a great you don't hurt the little butterflies or any­ the first satellite." Now take all the rest of technological advantage in space. This is thing-they can fly through the beam with­ the advanced countries into account and-if one area where the Soviets have not yet out getting their little whiskers singed. It is that satellite did in fact reduce the price of caught up to us. As you may already know, perfectly benign. It can produce 5 gigawatts crude you would in fact be getting your sat­ over the last six years the Soviet Union has of power which is enough power to take ellite free. And you'd be getting your mili­ put 45 cosmonauts in space

89-059 0-85-23 (Pt. 4) 4804 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS March 18, 1982 child-care crisis it has so long ignored. It is a secretaries and nurses, and data processing international human rights considerations break that unions and employes need to and semiconductor firms. cannot be separated from our ultimate become aware of and incorporate in flexible "They have young managers who invari­ goals. benefit programs. It is just as tax-deductible ably have spouses in the work force and I would like to commend to the at­ to employers as business lunches and "busi­ probably preschoolers, so the issue touches ness" country club memberships, and it is them personally. The younger managers are tention of my distinguished colleagues ever so much more worthwhile. products of the Sixties and they have a ToNY HALL's entire letter: The complete text of Judy Mann's much more humanitarian approach to man­ [From the Toledo Blade, Feb. 14. agement. They've already adopted the Japa­ 1982] article follows: nese people-oriented management style and [From the Washington Post, Mar. 12, 1982] HUMAN RIGHTS POLICY VITAL To U.S. are dealing with family concerns." INTERESTS WHO CARES? Jan Yocum, executive director of the Day fails to dispute that argument. are working, and survey after survey shows On-site day-care centers are tax-deducti­ Rather, it attacks our human rights policy that child care continues to be one of work­ ble expenses for corporations. The Econom­ by mistakenly equating government-sanc­ ing mothers' greatest concerns. It is a con­ ic Recovery Act of last summer included an­ tioned violence in other nations with the im­ cern that is only going to get worse as feder­ other method for corporations to assist morality of individual American criminals. al dollars for child care diminish, unless the their employes in financing day care. As of The concept of a Human rights policy rec­ private sector starts getting involved. Jan. 1, employers may pay employes' child­ ognizes that international diplomacy is Until now, advocates of industry-assisted care expenses and that will not be counted more than declarations and quiet discus­ child care have had limited ammunition in as part of the employes' taxable income. sions between heads of state. It is a long­ the struggle to get employers to recognize For all the talk about workfare and get­ term policy ba.sed on the idea that citizens the importance of the service. The argu­ ting America back to work, precious little of other nations know who is actively work­ ments have had little effect on corporations has been said about child care a.s a necessity ing for the protection of their welfare and run by older men whose wives did not work to working parents. Government, in fact, is civil liberties and that the memory will or who harbor the notion that mothers taking the lead in social irresponsibility by linger after their current leaders fade from shoulds not work. The number of working driving mothers off welfare while reducing the scene. All too often U.S. policy will lean mothers has increased tenfold since before child-care assistance. This is the kind of toward the immediate needs of foreign lead­ World War II. Yet despite lip service about policy that leads to neglected children. The ers whose goals may be out of touch with or the importance of the American family, tax break Congress passed la.st summer is a even contrary to the pressing cons:erns of both the private sector and the public sector way for the private sector to address the their citizens. have failed it on child care. child-care crisis it has so long ignored. It is a The United States providing arms or eco­ Child care is the responsibility of individ­ break that unions and employes need to nomic assistance to an authoritarian regime ual employes not the employers, goes an ar­ become aware of and incorporate in flexible cannot be confused with assisting the gument advanced against corporate involve­ benefit programs. It is just a.s tax-deductible people under that regime. Therefore. there ment. It is an argument of convenience, not to employers a.s business lunches and "busi­ is no rea.son to believe that we can make of merit. Those same corporations that are ness" country club memberships, and it is friends with a nation by pacifying its lead­ doing virtually nothing to help their em­ ever so much more worthwhile.e ers. On the contrary, helping dictatorships ployes manage child care are only too happy that do not enjoy popular support can have to provide assistance in other areas. the opposite effect. While the press may The same AMS survey found that 48 per­ HUMAN RIGHTS portray beaming international leaders shak­ cent of the firms support alcohol-abuse ing hands over new agreements, the very counseling services; 52.6 percent support people we are trying to befriend may be company athletic teams. Some 42 percent HON. DON HONKER seething with hostility. said they offer some form of emotional OF WASHINGTON For example, the president of South counseling. More than 17 percent said they IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Korea. Chun Doo Hwan, may be grateful to sponsor some kind of physical fitness pro­ the United States for supplying him with grams and 17 percent say they pay for em­ Thursday, March 18, 1982 arms and other military assistance. Howev­ ployes' membership in recreational clubs. e Mr. BONKER. Mr. Speaker, last No­ er, after his regime used American weapons Are country club memberships more impor­ vember the Blade of Toledo, Ohio, and troops under U.S. command to quell a tant than child care? Or are they simply violent demonstration in Kwang Ju. anti­ more relevant to people making decisions published a curious editorial about American feelings began to surface openly about corporate priorities? human rights. They then proceedtd to in Korea. An enlightened human rights "Day care is clearly a social service," says send it to most Members of Congress. policy toward Korea would require that we Faye E. Coleman, senior manager at Cre­ That paper is in the district of our empha.size our ongoing relations with the ative Associates, Inc., a Wa.shington consult­ distinguished colleague TONY HALL people of Korea rather than seek the tem­ ing firm that is trying to help corporations who served for 2 years as the ranking porary benefits from a relationship with its figure out different ways to assist employes member of the Foreign Affairs Sub­ current leader. with child care. "It's labor-intensive, it's ex­ committee on Human Rights and The potential disa.ster brewing in South tremely expensive, it's antithetical to what International Organizations. Congress­ Korea if we ignore human rights is only too corporations are all about. You've got to obvious from recent lessons of history. Our answer the question, 'What's in it for us?' man HALL's thoughtful response was uncritical support of the authoritarian The standard answer is you can increa.se published on February 14, 1982. In regime of Iranian Shah Mohammed Reza productivity, you can lower the absentee that response he writes: Pahlavi alienated us from the Iranian rate, you can reduce the impact of the 3 It is important to keep in mind that the people with deva.stating results when the o'clock syndrome, particularly in assembly­ stability of any repressive regime is illusory. shah wa.s overthrown. Likewise. our close line plants, where women start worrying As former Secretary of State Edmund S. ties with Nicaragua's despised President An­ about the kids coming home from school Muskie said, "The heavy silence of repres­ a.sta.sio Somoza ha.s crippled our ability to and start running to the phone. Productivi­ sion is not stability; it is too often the omi­ deal with the Sandinista Government which ty takes a dive." nous calm before the storm." The lesson is took over following President Somoza's res­ Dana Friedman, a consultant to the Car­ that we cannot afford to sacrifice our essen­ ignation. negie Corp. of New York, found in a recent tial enduring relationships with the people Though the dissidents in other countries survey that the recession ha.s forced a of a nation for short-term security objec­ may be only a small minority, we cannot number of companies to shelve on-site tives. overlook their ultimate potential. It is im­ center plans. "The companies that are lead­ The contention that U.S. concern over the portant to keep in mind that the stability of ers in their community-General Mills, internal affairs of other nations conflicts any repressive regime is illusory. As former Levi-Strauss, Procter & Gamble-are trying with our national security interests and Secretary of State Edmond S. Muskie said, to do it," she says. So are banks and hospi­ other foreign goals is groundless. Though a "The heavy silence of repression is not sta­ tals, which are running into shortages of superficial analysis may show a dichotomy, bility; it is too often the ominous calm March 18, 198_2 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 4805 before the storm." The lesson is that we How effective a voice can Washington The amounts and percentages of U.S. cannot afford to sacrifice our essential en­ have in this matter when it speaks from a corn, wheat and soybeans going into domes­ during relationships with the people of a land where the citizenry owns more guns tic and export markets for the two most nation for short-term security objectives. than any other people in the world, where recent years <1979-80 and 1980-81 market­ The contention that U.S. concern over the the annual murder rate far surpasses that ing seasons> are shown below. Note that internal affairs of other nations conflicts of any other nation, where the toll from from 33 to 64 percent of production has with our national security interests and crime in our city streets continues to shock, been exported in recent years. Removing or other foreign goals is groundless. Though a and where immorality in places both high substantially reducing such a large volume superficial analysis may show a dichotomy, and low flourishes with an abandon un­ of exports to a major international human rights considerations matched in most parts of the globe? We are customer is a critical matter with far reach­ cannot be separated from our ultimate a nation of lawbreakers and can hardly pre­ ing effects. goals. tend to be a model practitioner of human We have no need to feel hypocritical in rights. U.S. SUPPLY-DEMAND BALANCES FOR CORN, WHEAT, AND the pursuit of a strong human rights policy. President Reagan was on the right track The U.S. people have always held the very when, upon entering the Oval Office, he SOYBEANS, AVERAGE 1979-80 AND 1980-81 MARKET­ highest regard for human life and individ­ toned down human rights as a central issue ING YEARS ual liberty. This is reflected in the safe­ in the conduct of foreign policy. He recog­ guards of our criminal justice system and nized, correctly, that Americans have no Com Wlleat Soybeans • guarantees of free expression that are divine right to set the moral, ethical, or spir­ rooted in the founding documents of our itual standards for peoples everywhere, and Million metric tons: that the United States could be more suc­ Production ...... 185.3 61.3 55.2 country. Domestic uses ...... 127.9 21.3 21.1 Moreover, our steady vigilance against cessful in influencing other leaders in the Exports ...... 60.8 39.3 29.3 human rights abuses has increased global treatment of their own citizens through Million bushels: quiet persuasion than by pious or flashy Production ...... 7,294 2.254 2.030 sensitivity to the issue, aided in the release Domestic uses ...... 5,036 781 777 of political prisoners and the emigration of rhetoric. Exports ...... 2.394 1.442 1.076 dissidents, eased repression, and even saved Mr. Reagan's new appointee to fill the Percent of production exported ...... 32.8 64 53 lives. Equally important yet harder to meas­ human-rights post in the State Department ure, the heightened U.S. attention to is Elliott Abrams, now serving as the depart­ 1 Includes products on a ~n equivalent basis. human rights has given renewed hope and ment's liaison with the U.S. delegation at encouragement to oppressed peoples the the United Nations. He is regarded as a con­ The principal economic sectors involved in servative Democrat turned Reagan Republi­ moving agricultural exports on to their final world over. destination are: With so much at stake, the Blade's con­ can who subscribes to a more balanced ap­ cern with the U.S. hypocrisy is misplaced. plication of a human-rights policy. That was Inland Trasportation: Com and soy­ Our Government is not perfect, but it does spelled out by President Reagan in a state­ beans move from production into export not condone or orchestrate the systematic ment that accompanied the Abrams' nomi­ mainly from the Midwest, although some violation of the basic civil and human rights nation: "The promotion of liberty has export com originates in the Southeast and of its citizens. Contrary to the impression always been a central element of our na­ the Great Plains. Wheat moves to ports left by the editorial, we continue to have tion's foreign policy.... We will encourage largely from the Southern and Northern both the right and the duty to lead the those who seek freedom, not the least by Plains, the Midwest and Southeast, and the global struggle for the international protec­ telling the simple truth about their efforts Northwest. tion of human rights. and the efforts of those who seek to oppress Roughly 55 percent of the grain and soy­ U.S. Representative ToNY HALL, them." beans bound for export in 1980-81 moved to Third District, Ohio, No doubt some congressional critics of the port by rail at a cost of about $.28/bu. from Washington, D. C. Reagan approach to human rights will still average locations to ports. not be molified. But that should not deter About 45 percent moved by barge at an av­ [From the Toledo Ocean Shipping: Less than 5 percent litical interests. If that means subordinating of U.S. grain and soybean exports are There is something crassly hypocritical a human-rights policy in a particular situa­ shipped on U.S. flag vessels. Therefore, the about Americans standing on a soap box tion, then so be it.e estimate of lost ocean shipping receipts re­ and preaching to other peoples of the world sulting from the 1980 trade suspension is for about human rights. One of the disasters GRAIN EXPORT INFORMATION the world shipping industry rather than for that beset U.S. foreign policy in recent the U.S. Average ocean freight rates in 1980 years was the sanctimonious human-rights were about $20/ton for bulk grain ship­ activism initiated by former President ments from U.S. Gulf ports to the USSR. Jimmy Carter. HON. PAUL FINDLEY Fertilizer, Farm Machinery, Farm It is unfortunate, therefore, that Presi­ OF ILLINOIS Supplies: Effects of reduced exports on dent Reagan has been pressured by congres­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES these sectors would be caused by: sional do-gooders to back away from his basic policy of putting human rights else­ Thursday, March 18, 1982 Accumulation of large carryovers, leading where in the world in reasonable perspec­ to government programs to reduce acreage e Mr. FINDLEY. Mr. Speaker, the planted or intensification of such programs tive. economic damage caused by the Soviet already in effect to reduce plantings by Congressional pressure has been evident grain embargo of 1980 can hardly be ever since the Senate rejected the nomina­ more than had been intended before ex­ tion of Ernest Lefever for the post of assist­ ignored. In recent days, I have placed ports declined. ant secretary of state for human rights. He before the Members information com­ Reduced market prices, leading to lower was the President's first choice for that job, piled by the National Corn Growers net farm income an diminished farmer pur­ but the nominee was perceived as only su­ Association. chasing power. perficially committed to the concept of Today, I am offering for my col­ Labor: Reduced labor use in the trans­ human rights. leagues' consideration chapter 2 of the port, port loading industries and agricultur­ The fundamental issue is not the official NCGA report. I hope Members will al supply industries would provide the prin­ condoning of human-rights violations in find it useful in evaluating future cipal loss in this area from lower exports. other nations, whether Communist or non­ Balance of Payments: Total U.S. farm Communist dictatorships or police states. trade policy options. exports were valued at $40.5 billion in 1980 The fact that in some parts of the world tor­ Chapter 2 of the report follows: and $43.8 billion in 1981, on a fiscal year ture, imprisonment without cause, summary 2. MOVING U.S. CORN, WHEAT AND SOYBEANS basis. executions, and other forms of mistreat­ INTO EXPORT MARKETS Agricultural exports adjusted for agricul­ ment and killing go on is naturally abhor­ In this section, we will describe the indus­ tural imports are credited with contributing rent to all decent people. But what is soap­ try sectors and government indicators that a net improvement in the U.S. balance of parent to the rest of the world-and so diffi­ are most closely related to grain exports. Es­ payments of about $25 billion as an average cult for us to comprehend-is that Amerians timates of industry, government and general for 1980 and 1981, despite the reduced have a long way to go before they can dic­ economic impacts are provided mainly in volume and the reduced value per unit of tate moral behavior to the rest of mankind. Section 3. agricultural exports. 4806 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS March 18, 1982 The year 1980, however, may have marked pect that it can be disposed of until 1983 or documentation of the inequities of the a turning point in U.S. agricultural trade re­ 1984. 1977 act, the House Subcommittee on sults. For example, U.S. exports to the Costs incurred in meeting target price USSR grew rapidly and fairly steadily payment obligations in 1980 or 1981 which Health and Safety still refuses to during the 1970's, but fell sharply in 1980. were attributable to lower market prices, re­ report any legislative proposal to Meanwhile, trade with Eastern Europe sulting from the embargo. No target price amend the 1977 act. This inaction by which was not affected by the embargo, payments were made on the 1980 corn crop one subcommittee has led Congress to continued to increase in 1980 and especially since a poor U.S. corn harvest kept all grain limit MSHA authority through appro­ in 1981, when exports to the USSR also re­ prices above target price guarantee levels. priations restraints. covered to about the 1976 level. None were made in 1981, when U.S. policy­ makers unaccountably set the target and Since December 15, 1981, and with VALUE OF All U.S. EXPORTS TO U.S.S.R. AND EASTERN loan prices at the same level. However. the enactment of House Joint Resolu­ EUROPE target price payments of 15 cents per bushel tion 357, regulatory relief has been ob­ on approximately 2.5 bil. bu. of wheat in tained for small quarries and other af­ [Dollars in millions] 1981 must be attributed to the embargo in fected companies. However, even with full or substantial part. Also, we estimate Percent that average prices received by farmers in the regulatory relief, the safety and Total ~ricul · Total agricultur- health programs of quarry operators Calendar year exports to exr!t~ to e:r;rnto ar exports 1980 for corn averaged at least 15-20 cents/ U.S.S.R. U.S.S.R. Europe bu. lower than would have been the case have continued, safety and health of U . s~h_ without the embargo. Our figures show that the quarrymen have not been compro­ average farm prices for corn until August mised, and OSHA has not detected 1971 ...... $161 $45 $220 28 1981 were about 30-40 cents/bu. lower than 1975 ...... 1,833 1,170 1,279 64 if the U.S. had exported the larger quanti­ any increase in accidents as had been 1976 ...... 2,306 1,605 1,543 70 gloomily predicted by those who op­ 1977 ...... 1,621 1,053 1.121 65 ties expected to be shipped in 1980. Without 1978 ...... 2,249 1.765 1,454 78 a suspension of trade with the USSR. we posed the transfer from MSHA to 1979 ...... 3,604 3,000 2.115 83 OSHA. It is important to stress that 1980 ...... 1,510 1.208 2,421 80 would not have had as large a carryover of 1981 ...... 2,431 1,665 4,338 68 corn at the beginning of the 1980-81 mar­ under no circumstances has an opera­ keting year <1.6 mil. bu.>. overall supplies tor been relieved of his responsibility Source: Department of Commerce. would have been far tighter with the small for the occupational safety and health crop, and prices would have been substan­ It is within the above framework of ex­ tially higher to the present time or at least of his employees. Both MSHA and panding trade with the USSR and Eastern until the late summer of 1981. Wheat prices OSHA hold the employer liable for Europe in the 1970's that losses in grain and were reduced by an average of 25 cents per civil, and in extreme cases criminal other agricultural exports to those coun­ bushel over the two years.e penalties for failure to properly safe­ tries in 1980 and subsequent years, and aris­ guard his workers. ing from U.S. trade policy must be framed. Another source of lost export earnings SAFETY AND HEALTH OF QUAR­ Yet, despite these facts, the Con­ apart from the 18.3 mmt gross loss of ship­ RYMEN CONTINUES UNDER gress has been deluged with mislead­ ments to the USSR or the net reduction in MSHA-OSHA TRANSFER ing and sometimes completely false in­ U.S. exports to the whole world, is the re­ formation concerning the effects of duced value per unit of corn, wheat, or soy­ the MSHA-OSHA transfer. Since the beans exported to other countries. In the next section we provide estimates of average HON. JOHN H. ROUSSELOT continuation of the MSHA-OSHA pro­ price reductions per bushel or ton, resulting OF CALIFORNIA vision will be part of the new continu­ from the suspension or embargo action. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES ing resolution to be voted on later this These reductions affected the unit value of Thursday, March 18, 1982 month by my colleagues, I would like all agricultural exports subsequent to the to address the distortions which have embargo, not only in 1980, but as we shall e Mr. ROUSSELOT. Mr. Speaker, last been presented to date. A factsheet show, in 1981 and 1982 as well. week, on Wednesday, March 10, I in­ which addresses specific inaccurate Federal Expenditures: Increased costs serted into the CONGRESSIONAL RECORD to the U.S government can never be fully statements and claims follows. I rec­ remarks on the impact of the MSHA­ ommend that my colleagues study accounted for since many thousands of OSHA transfer amendment on the man-hours, and much travel and communi­ these facts, keep in mind the regula­ cation were involved, taking time from sand and gravel industry. Today I tory relief brought to the quarrymen other necessary government functions. The would like to discuss this measure as it by the MSHA-OSHA transfer-while major tangible sources of increased costs relates to the stone quarry operators maintaining the health and safety of arising from the suspension were: throughout the United States. the workers-and vote for passage of a Losses incurred in assuming most of the Employees of the quarry limestone continuing resolution that retains the export contracts for grains, oilseeds, and industry, granite industry, traprock in­ other products that were cancelled by the dustry, and other construction stone transfer provision-Rousselot amend­ suspension action. USDA estimates this industries are stone quarrymen. These ment-of House Joint Resolution 357. direct cost at about $465 million in the 1980 The factsheet follows: and 1981 fiscal years. individuals have resoundingly con­ Costs incurred in acquiring, owning, and veyed their appreciation to Washing­ FACfSHEET ON SAFETY-STONE, SAND AND storing grain through increased loan and re­ ton for the MSHA-OSHA transfer GRAVEL serve entries, and direct purchases from provision of House Joint Resolution STONE, SAND AND GRAVEL HAVE EXCELLENT farmers. As a result of the reduced prices 357, the continuing resolution. Yet, SAFETY RECORDS and larger stocks associated with the embar­ this provision will terminate with the go, the Commodity Credit Corporation of The Bureau of Labor statistics . in a expiration date of March 31 under the news report released November 18, 1981, USDA purchased about 150 mil. bu. current public law providing for con­ of wheat and 155 mil. bu. of corn directly. listed stone, sand and gravel as much safer We estimate also that about 200 mil. bu. ad­ tinuing appropriations for fiscal year than other U.S. Industry groups. The BLS ditional wheat and corn went into the 1982. It is, therefore, imperative that report showed the stone, sand and gravel in­ USDA grain reserve as a result of the em­ the new continuing appropriations dustry group to have troversial since CCC will recover all or a week contain the Rousselot amend­ occupational injury incidence rates one­ large part of them. However. additional gov­ third lower than the all U.S. Industry rate ment in order to provide for the for 1979 and 1980. ernment outlays were made and must be MSHA-OSHA transfer. counted. For more than 3 years now, in both Almost 50 other divisions of the private Costs incurred in storing and owning the sector were also reported in the BLS release. above additional commodities acquired by the 96th and the 97th Congresses, this Few of those reported showed incidence the CCC in the present case, for an estimat­ industry has sought permanent relief rates lower than stone. sand and gravel. ed 3-4 years in view of the overall grain situ­ from the coal-oriented Federal Mine Here are some selected incidence rates per ation. Virtually all the grain purchased is Safety and Health Act of 1977. Yet, 200,000 reported man-hours from the offi­ still owned in 1982, and there is little pros- after 3 years of hearings, debates, and cial BLS report: March 18, 1982 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 4807

1979 1980 diction. The Occupational Safety and congressional hearing, it is there from Health Act assigned the employer the unde- the chairman's opening remarks to the 8_5 niable responsibility for providing a work- testimony of the last witness. When ::;n:e'1a'lf~m=~e i'saiiiCifavei'aiiifSiiiiieY::::::::::::::::::::::::::: ~j 5.3 place reasonably free from hazard. It rein- 11.8 forces this assignment with a system of civil C-SPAN covers a formal speech by a ::~~f:r~rores ·:::: :: :: : :::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: l~ : ~ 1 policymaker, it also covers the ques­ Retail building materials and garden supplies ...... 9.4 ~ : ~ or criminal penalties. It contains additional Eating and dnnking places ...... 7.4 6.8 safeguards in that workers are granted the tion-and-answer period that often fol­ ------legal right to file complaints directly with lows. Such complete coverage avoids federal or state OSHA authorities without the problems of statements taken out THE 1977 MINE SAFETY AND HEALTH ACT WAS fear of reprisal from their employer. Special of context. And from the viewer's per­ DESIGNED TO REGULATE COAL MINES inspections and investigations may be initi­ spective, such coverage assures him In reaction to tragic coal mine disasters, ated by OSHA in certain circumstances. that he will not be the victim of exces­ Congress in 1977 hastily amended the 1969 Critics of the MSHA to OSHA transfer Coal Mine Safety and Health Act to cover have raised the false specter of "uncovered sive editing or intrusive commentary. all other mining operations and repealed workers" citing the Schweiker amendment The promise of cable television is the Federal Metal and Nonmetallic Mine to recent DOL that it provides the necessary founda­ Safety Act of 1966. In many cases, the appropriations measures. That amendment tion for a truly informed electorate. It amendments simply took the words "coal which is still in effect today and incorporat­ provides a valuable and much needed mine" and changed them to coal or other ed in the Continuing Resolution exempts alternative to the news reports broad­ mine". certain employers from routine safety in­ cast by many other commercial net­ All types of mines became subject to the spections if they meet two conditions. These provisions of the 1977 Act. While the Act two conditions are: 1> The employer has 10 works. C-SPAN is one of many cable does continue separate safety and health or fewer employees, and 2> the Bureau of broadcasters fulfilling the cable indus­ standards, in other provisions, it applies Labor Statistics certifies that the Standard try's potential as a medium of choice across the board to all commodities. Some Industrial Classification category applicable by offering programs that are not examples of this are: citations and orders; to that employer which has an occupational available anywhere else. procedures for enforcement; temporary injury and illness rate less than 7 per 100 Tomorrow, March 19, C-SPAN will relief; reporting procedures; civil and crimi­ employees. The stone, sand and gravel rate be celebrating its third anniversary op­ nal liabilities; and mandatory training re­ is less than 7 ·• quirements. erating from the Nation's Capital. I From these legislated provisions, a long invite my colleagues to join with me in list of regulations have been promulgated C-SPAN: A UNIQUE APPROACH offering congratulations to C-SPAN by MSHA which are equally applied to all TO TELEVISION BROADCASTING and to renew cable's challenge to the types of mining activity. The list includes: networks to air the most complete and 30 CFR Part 40 Representative of Miners; 30 CFR Part 41 Notification of Legal Identi­ thorough news broadcasts possible.e ty; 30 CFR Part 43 Procedures for Process­ HON. DON BAILEY ing Hazardous Conditions Complaints; 30 OF PENNSYLVANIA CFR Part 44 Rules of Practice for Petitions IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES SAUDI AMERICA? for Modifications of Mandatory Safety Thursday, March 18, 1982 Standards; 30 CFR Part 48 Training and Re­ training of Miners; 30 CFR Part 50 Notifica­ • Mr. BAILEY of Pennsylvania. Mr. HON. HOWARD WOLPE tions, Investigations, Reports of Accidents, Speaker, survey findings repeatedly OF MICHIGAN Injuries, Illnesses, Employment, and Coal show that most Americans receive the IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Production in Mines; 29 CFR Part 2700 Fed­ majority of their news and informa­ eral Mine Safety and Health Review Com­ tion from television. The quality of Thursday, March 18, 1982 mission-Rules of Procedure; April 24, 1978-Interpretative Bulletin; 30 CFR Part content of the news and information, • Mr. WOLPE. Mr. Speaker. in the 100-Civil Penalties for Violations of the however, is shaped by the format com­ months that have passed since the Federal Mine Safety and Health Act of monly used by television networks. Senate narrowly approved the sale of 1977; 30 CFR Parts 85 and 85a-National In­ Network journalists, anchormen, tele­ sophisticated AWACS aircraft to stitute for Occupational Safety and vision critics, and the viewing public Saudi Arabia, there has been much Health-Implementation of Federal Mine all acknowledge that this standard speculation about the impact of lobby­ Safety and Health Act of 1977; MSHA­ format is simply not capable of doing ing by outside interests on the vote. In OSHA Interagency Agreement, March 29, that regard, I would like to commend 1979; 30 CFR Part 11-Respiratory Protec­ more than summarizing the national tion Devices; 30 CFR Parts 15, 16, and 17- news in the half hour available each the following article from the Detroit Explosives and Related Articles; 30 CFR evening. The consequence is that Free Press to the attention of my col­ Parts 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 26, 27, 28, and many important issues cannot be ex­ leagues. I believe the article, based on 29-Various Electrical Standards; 30 CFR plored or discussed to the depth that an investigation by a Washington for­ Part 45-Independent Contractor; January we would all like. eign policy analyst and freelance jour­ 3, 1979-0fficial Interpretations; January Fortunately, the technology and eco­ nalist, sheds light on an aspect of the 31, 1979-0fficial Interpretations; and May nomics of cable television have made AWACS, controversy which has not 22, 1979-0fficial Interpretations. possible an alternative to truncated been widely acknowledged-the self­ OSHA HAS LEGAL JURISDICTION OVER SURFACE network news. The Cable Satellite serving activities of American corpo­ STONE, SAND, GRAVEL, CLAY AND COLLOIDAL Public Affairs Network is rate interests designed to pressure the PHOSPHATE Senate into approving the sale. OSHA has officially acknowledged its re­ one such alternative that I am famil­ sponsibility, authority and jurisdiction. In a iar with, as are many of my colleagues. The article provides an unusual joint MSHA and OSHA News Release on C-SPAN provides millions of Ameri­ glimpse into the way that certain December 16, 1981, the shift in authority cans a wide range of public affairs pro­ American businesses with direct or in­ was announced. Subsequently, in memoran­ graming 16 hours a day, 7 days a week. direct interests in Saudi Arabia are da of December 17, 1981 and January 28, Viewers can watch daily "live" debate able to influence vital foreign policy 1982, OSHA detailed the commodity groups of the House, as well as other congres­ decisions. The implications of these for which it has assumed enforcement au­ sional proceedings. Because C-SPAN is revelations are indeed troubling. thority under H.J. Res. 357. Documental legal precedent exists in a not constrained by the severe time The article follows: • letter to Congress dated September 12, 1980 limits imposed by networks to satisfy SAUDI AMERICA? How U.S. BUSINESS WAS prepared by the American Law Division, their advertising needs, it can televise MANIPULATED AND THE AWACS DEAL WENT Congressional Research Service of the Li­ the entire proceedings of public meet­ THROUGH brary of Congress. ings and events. And it does. SAFETY AND HEALTH PROTECTION OF WORKERS All of our House sessions, for exam­ The sale of AWACS reconnaissance planes Stone, sand and gravel workers are fully ple, are televised by C-SPAN gavel to to Saudi Arabia was saved from defeat in and effectively protected under OSHA juris- gavel. Whenever C-SPAN covers a the Senate by a massive corporate lobbying 4808 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS March 18, 1982 campaign orchestrated by Saudi Arabia and gled in front of corporations, one corporate duction line would be ended," a view not its American agents and carried out by official said, "like raw meat before a hungry shared by Defense Department officials. American business. dog." Gray, in addition to mailing thousands of A three-month investigation found that But by early October-even though the his own telegrams "requesting" support for the Saudi campaign resulted in one of the sale had passed the House, 301-111-the the sale, pressured the chiefs of his subsidi­ most successful manipulations of American AWACS deal still seemed unlikely to pass in aries-including Pratt & Whitney, Carrier business and American foreign policy ever the Senate, despite the intense lobbying. So Air Conditioning, Otis Elevator and Ideal attempted by a foreign power. Saudi Arabian officials made a formal deci­ Electric-to send the same telegram to hun­ Saudi Arabia demanded and received the sion to increase the pressure beyond the dreds of their vendors and distributors. aggressive support of the most powerful strong requests and implicit threats. The result was a successful chain-letter American corporations. Scores of other busi­ Sources close to the Saudis revealed that operation. ness interests joined the campaign to pro­ Saudi Arabia held up final contract negotia­ tect existing petro-dollar contracts or to tions with American firms. Contracts await­ One vendor said the head of a United obtain new ones. ing final signatures were frozen and discus­ Technologies subsidiary told him confiden­ Others were indirectly induced to join by sions on new contracts postponed. tially that more than 10,000-and possibly pressure from their own domestic suppliers, An examination of American, Middle East­ as many as 20,000- telegrams were sent to purchasers or business partners. ern and Saudi trade publications confirms businesses across the country. And many others with no commercial that-with one exception-no American con­ Ultimately, letters filtered down to valve stake in the sale jumped into the lobbying tracts in Saudi Arabia were awarded or re­ companies, small businesses with fewer than fray because they were prevailed upon to newed from Oct. 5 to Oct. 28, 1981. 20 employes and even some mom-and-pop believe that not upsetting the Saudis was The exception was the Whittaker Corp. industrial distributorships. vital to the U.S. economy. Last August, Whittaker's president, In his telegram, Gray couched his support The effort to obtain Senate approval of Joseph Alibrandi, published an article head­ in these terms: "The Saudis are in the fore­ the sale produced the most extensive in­ lined "If I Were a Saudi Arabian" in News­ front of resistance to the spread of Soviet volvement by American business in any week magazine's "My Turn" column. He ex­ influence." major foreign policy decision since World tolled the pro-Western policies of Saudi Gray's telegram ended on an ominous War II. Arabia-"the primary peacemaker and de­ note: "Please wire your two U.S. senators Not only energy and munitions companies, fender of American interests in the Middle today asking them to sustain the president's but farmers, toy manufacturers, airlines, East," he called-and attacked the West's position. Would you also send me a copy of trade associations, health care management ungrateful response. your communication to the senators?" firms, rice growers, banks, construction Newsweek identified Alibrandi as a "cor­ Corporate officials, many dependent on firms, and other commercial interests from poration president has done business United Technologies' goodwill, responded nearly every state pressed hard for the sale. in Saudi Arabia for nearby 20 years." overwhelmingly. Evidence also has been uncovered that During half that time, he was a Raytheon I reviewed more than 2,000 letters sent by points to possible violations of the Foreign executive, and he had helped install ground­ corporate supporters of the AWACS. More Agents Registration Act by major American to-air Hawk missiles for the Saudis. than 1,400 of these telegrams and letters corporations and their officers. When he took over at Whittaker in 1970, paraphrased or quoted the points made by PLANNING THE CAMPAIGN it was a diversified manufacturing company the United Technologies and Boeing tele­ The strategy to secure the sale of the Air­ with no experience in hospital management. grams. borne Warning And Control System But Alibrandi's contacts helped the compa­ To many senators, who receive weekly planes was devised in an elegant ny enter the health care field in a signifi­ mail counts, the number of corporate sup­ suite in Washington's Fairfax Hotel, where, cant way. porters of the AWACS seemed impressive. beginning last September, a group of five In 1974 the Whittaker Corp. was awarded But two companies, Boeing and United men met every morning. a $100 million contract to manage and oper­ Technologies, were likely responsible for The group consisted of three registered ate three Saudi hospitals. The contract generating 70 percent of the mail. agents for Saudi Arabia-Frederick Dutton, eventually grew to $500 million. The pressure exerted on firms with ties to Stephen N. Connor, and J. Crawford Cook­ After the Newsweek article appeared, Ali­ United Technologies was extraordinary. and two Saudis-Prince Bandar bin Sultan, brandt mailed a copy to every member of One vendor, with annual sales of under $15 son of the Saudi defense minister, and Ab­ the Senate. million, said he was subjected to what he dullah Dabbagh, a former commercial atta­ On Oct. 26, 1981, two days before the felt was "raw economic blackmail." che. Senate vote, Whittaker announced that Even firms without substantial businesses Senators considered politically vulnerable Saudi Arabia had awarded it a contract to interests in Saudi Arabia became active sup­ were targeted. Corporations were broken expand the health care program to include porters and lobbyists for the AWACS sale. down state by state and matched up with in­ five hospitals. The new fee was $834 million, a 67 percent increase and a sum equal to The hundreds of companies included John dividual senators. The White House and Deere . Republic Steel, Senate majority leader Howard Baker pro­ more than half the company's total revenue for 1981. Alcoa , Westvaco Corp. , PVI Lists of American firms doing business in CORPORATE COORDINATION Industries, Inc. from companies within Telephone and Electronics, had the idea on Violations of the act may have been com­ the American Businessmen's Group of the night of Oct. 27, and presented a draft mitted by persons in the following four cate­ Riyadh." of the Telex to his colleagues the next gories: Eight years after Saudi Arabia invoked its morning. Corporate officials who lobbied or con­ oil embargo with the goal of forcing a Significantly, until 1980 GTE was subject­ tacted their senators or representatives at change in American Middle East policy. ed to the Arab boycott. Some political ob­ the request of Bandar and other Saudi offi­ that goal now seems within its reach. But servers believe Brophy may have been cials. oil is no longer the weapon of choice. trying to demonstrate to the Saudis the cor­ Company officers who lobbied and con­ The Saudis are acutely aware of the mili­ rectness of the Arab decision to drop GTE tacted members of Congress under the tary and political dangers of another embar­ from the boycott list. threat or inducement, implicit or explicit, of go, and they also understand that such an One of the participants wondered about losing or gaining Saudi contracts. emarbgo would be ineffective in a world of the possible embarrassment that could Company officials who lobbied or contact­ oil gluts. ensue if the Telex was disclosed publicly, es­ ed members of Congress at the request of The oil weapon has been transformed into pecially since it has been sent from Riyadh. Saudi registered agents. a money weapon-one that can be wielded But this objection was dismissed, and, with Companies that passed along Saudi propa­ even in the absence of a cartel. The Saudis the exception of one noncorporate leader­ ganda or surreptitiously promoted the inter­ have discovered that quintessential Ameri­ Vernon Jordan, then-president of the Na­ ests of Saudi Arabia as their own before can vulnerability, the love of money, and tional Urban League-the Telex was signed U.S. government officials. the petro-dollar connection have become by all the junketeers. It would be misleading to suggest that all diffused throughout American society.e Among those signing the Telex were corporate lobbying originated from Saudi Philip Caldwell, chairman and chief execu­ pressure. Some stemmed from economic tive officer, Ford Motor Co., and William self-interest abetted by administration pres­ REPRESENTATIVE GREEN IN­ LaMothe, chairman and chief executive of­ sure and Republican loyalty. But much of it TRODUCES A BILL FOR FOR­ ficer, Kellogg Co. was engineered, directly and indirectly, by re­ H.R.- permanent fixture of title 23 of the vised its regulations to expand its A bill to amend title 3, United States Code, United States Code. Congresswoman narrow reading of Public Law 94-196's to provide improved protection for foreign KENNELLy's legislation is therefore provision concerning ''extraordinary'' diplomatic missions timely, as well as meaningful. protection. Formerly, the Depart­ Be it enacted by the Senate and House of I am cosponsoring the vending ma­ ment's interpretation of the law was Representatives of the United States of chine authorization legislation because so restrictive that New York City America in Congress assembled, That it has provided vitally important reve­ could not be reimbursed for the bulk section 208 of title 3, United States Code, nues, at no Federal expense, to the of the mission protection that it had is amended by striking out the period at the end of the first sentence and inserting in blind of Connecticut. When services to provide. Treasury's revised regula­ for the handicapped are being threat­ tions now allow reimbursement for lieu thereof the following: ", including those utilized to provide protection for motor­ ened by both Federal and State budget fixed posts and unusual protective cades and at places associated with a visit cuts, this modest proposal takes on measures that must be taken during qualifying under section 202<7>.". considerable importance. I hope you visits by foreign dignitaries. Section 208 of title 3, United States Will join Mrs. KENNELLY and me in The bill introduced today would Code, is amended by striking out support of today's legislation.e make these understandings consistent "$3,500,000" and inserting in lieu thereof with the law, by making the authoriza­ "$15,000,000". tion level for reimbursements consist­ SEc. 2. The amendments made by this Act A TRIBUTE TO RAE A. GUBITOSI ent with the range of protection for shall take effect on October 1, 1982.e which New York City can be reim­ bursed under the Treasury Depart­ PROGRAM FOR BLIND HON.RAYMONDJ.M(GRATH ment's revised regulations. It would OF NEW YORK also authorize reimbursement for mo­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES torcade security, an understanding HON. TOBY MOFFETT Thursday, March 18, 1982 which has been included in appropria­ OF CONNECTICUT tions bills in recent years and which IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES • Mr. McGRATH. Mr. Speaker, we should also be enacted into law. have heard a great deal in recent The bill raises the current authoriza­ Thursday, March 18, 1982 months about the need for a renewed tion level in Public Law 94-196 from • Mr. MOFFETT. Mr. Speaker, I am sense of voluntarism in our country­ $3.5 million to $15 million. For several very honored today to be the original of a need for private citizens and orga­ years the $3.5 million level has been cosponsor of the first piece of legisla­ nizations to work toward solving the insufficient for coverage of New tion introduced by the House's newest problems of our society. York's reimbursable claims. By the Member, the Honorable BARBARA KEN­ I would like to draw the attention of end of this fiscal year, in fact, New NELLY. For the blind citizens of Con­ my colleagues to an individual who York City's uncollected expenses will necticut, this legislation is particularly embodies this spirit of voluntarism. total $18.4 million. The increased au- meaningful and Mrs. KENNELLY is to Mrs. Rae Gubitosi, who died last week March 18, 1982 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 4811 at the age of 56, was one of the finest, arms race. Last week in Congress, 122 Most important as far as the draft is con­ most public-spirited citizens I have of us asked for a bilateral United cerned, American military planners assume States-Soviet freeze on further nuclear that our own leaders. and those of our ever known. allies. lack the political will to match the For the past 29 years, Rae Gubitosi weapons testing, production, or de­ Soviet Union in conventional forces. Our was a resident of the community of ployment. The subject of nuclear war, kind of democratic politics, they are con­ Valley Stream, N.Y., which I represent which has long been largely off limits, vinced, precludes a peacetime draft and the in Congress. She made many invalu­ is now being openly discussed. At a intensive training and systematic recruit­ able contributions to the citizens of time when the Department of Defense ment that would permit us to reach rough our area. She served for 7 years as budget proposed by the administration parity with the Russians in conventional president of the Italian-American includes a request for a major increase armed forces. Civic Association; she was a trustee of in our Nation's supply of nuclear The awesome corollary of this belief is weapons, I believe the following article that national security must therefore the Woman's Auxiliary of the Sons of depend almost entirely on nuclear strength. Italy, Per Sempre Lodge No. 2344, and points out clearly that there is much Given the Administration's objective of of the Woman's Republican Club of public anxiety about nuclear war. At achieving a "margin of safety" in the mili­ Valley Stream. the same time, it makes clear that the tary balance, these strategists argue. the Rae also served as a member of nu­ American people favor a strong de­ only way we can cancel Soviet superiority in merous other civic associations, includ­ fense and the majority favors manda­ conventional forces is with nuclear superior­ ing the Franklin General Hospital tory national service to keep our ity. Woman's Auxiliary, the South Nassau Nation secure. So reasonable and straightforward is the Communities Hospital Woman's Auxil­ The author of this article, "Dooms­ logic of these arguments to those who offer day Logic and the Draft," is Daniel them that it appears to blunt their horror iary, the American Cancer Society, the of nuclear war. Considering the enormity of Long Island Arthritis Foundation, and Yankelovich, a highly respected poll­ their conclusion-that the security of the Elks Lodge No. 2164 Women's Auxilia­ ster. I strongly commend this article West depends entirely on amassing a larger ry. to all who believe we must have a and larger nuclear arsenal-one would think As a result of her many accomplish­ strong national defense, but that nu­ that our defense analysts would subject ments, in October 1980, Rae Gubitosi clear arms are not the answer. each link of their chain of reasoning to was honored by the Valley Stream DOOMSDAY LoGIC AND THE DRAFT brutal testing, searching for a weakness and an alternate path. But as one who has at­ Chamber of Commerce as "Outstand­ tended conferences and meetings where our ing Woman of the Community." Public anxiety about the threat of nuclear war is running high. Our surveys show that officials discuss these matters, I can report However, Rae's energies were not de­ that I have rarely heard these premises voted just to members of her local nearly two-thirds of all Americans <63 per­ cent> fear that a nuclear war may start questioned. Indeed. defense analysts rarely community. She organized two relief somewhere in the world in the next five make their political assumptions explicit. drives for earthquake victims in Italy, years. And a Gallup Poll taken in June 1981 Rather, they take them for granted, and in­ and as a result of her efforts, two reported that 60 percent of the public-up stead focus their intelligence, skill, and fundraising feasts were held in Valley from 43 percent in the early 1960s-now be­ energy on elaborating logical variations Stream by the Italian-American Civic lieves that our chances of surviving an all­ within an artificially constrictive set of rules. Association. out nuclear war are poor indeed. In this mood of public apprehensiveness, Upon close scrutiny, however, this logic of The mere recitation of Rae Gubito­ doom suffers from many weak premises. For si's accomplishments does not do her the warnings about nuclear overkill by elder statesmen like George Kennan, a former example, Kennan faults our professional justice. She was, to say the very least, ambassador to the Soviet Union, are getting planners for treating nuclear weapons as if the glue which helped hold her com­ more attention. In a December 1981 Gallup they were merely extensions of convention­ munity and its many civic groups to­ Poll, the public agreed by an overwhelming al weapons. He argues that less than 20 per­ gether. Moreover, she assisted in help­ margin-76 percent to 19 percent-with cent of the present stock of nuclear weap­ ing to feed, clothe, and house desper­ Kennan's proposal ons on either side is sufficient to utterly de­ ate people in a troubled country. that both we and the Soviets simply cut our stroy the other's civilization and population. supply of atomic weapons in half as an im­ "There can be no excuse on the part of The spirit of voluntarism was never these two governments," Kennan says, "for lacking in Rae Gubitosi. Her entire life mediate way of reversing the nuclear arms race. holding poised against one another quanti­ was devoted to improving the lives of As tension with the Soviet Union grows, ties of these weapons so vastly in excess of people in her neighborhood and in the political pressure for nuclear-disarmament any demonstrable requirement." world. She accomplished more in her negotiations is almost certain to build in the When it comes to nuclear weapons, too-short lifetime than anyone else I United States, as it already has in Europe. Kennan argues, the concept of relative ad­ have ever known. We would do well to But whether this pressure will make a dif­ vantage is utterly illusory. He recalls that follow her example of dedication and ference or will ineffectually play itself out "every President of this country from depends largely on how the public responds Dwight Eisenhower to Jimmy Carter has selflessness. to a difficult but crucial test: the future of tried to remind us that there can be no such Rae Gubitosi is survived by her hus­ the military draft. thing as victory in a war fought with such band of 31 years, Fred, and by her Though the connection between the draft weapons." And he quotes President Reagan children, Fred, Jr. and Gloria Ann. To and the nuclear arms race is not self-evi­ approvingly to the effect that the President them, I extend my deepest sympathy. dent, the two issues are inexorably linked in would "negotiate as long as necessary to Rae will long be remembered by the a set of assumptions rarely exposed to reduce the number of nuclear weapons to a citizens of Valley Stream who knew public debate and almost never examined by point where neither side threatens the sur­ her and loved her. I am one of them.e those who advance them-the country's vival of the other." But Kennan points out leading defense professionals. that under Reagan's stewardship we are The top defense planners in the reagan moving in exactly the opposite direction and NUCLEAR ARMS RACE Administration are convinced that the that at the end of the present course Soviet military threat is both real and "lies ... no hope at all." urgent. Although differences exist within To a social psychologist. no premise seems HON. TIMOTHY E. WIRTH this group, most believe that the Russians weaker than the one that assumes that re­ have upgraded their strength in the last sistance to a draft is so deep-seated as to OF COLORADO decade to the point where the United States rule out a strategy of strengthening the IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES may be vulnerable to a first strike with nu­ numbers and caliber of our conventional Thursday, March 18, 1982 clear weapons. At the same time, they are forces. To speak plainly, this is one hell of acutely aware that the Russians have been an assumption on which to hang the fate of e Mr. WIRTH. Mr. Speaker, increas­ able to maintain and deploy a formidable the nation. ing numbers of respected Americans, conventional army-far larger than ours­ Any analysis of public attitudes toward including physicians, religious leaders, and contend that in part, this is possible be­ national defense quickly reveals. first, that and many others, are raising their cause the Communist leaders are free from the American public holds a view of its own. voices in opposition to the nuclear any need to answer to public opinion. one that is distinctly different from the 4812 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS March 18, 1982 views of either the professional defense It would be wrong, however, to conclude FAMILY OPPORTUNITIES IN­ community or the advocates of nuclear dis­ from these findings that most young people CREASE BECAUSE OF NEW armament, though it overlaps with both po­ automatically oppose all forms of compulso­ HOME COMPUTERS sitions in some ways. ry service. For example, Gallup finds that In agreement with the defense communi­ the group of 18- to 24-year-olds, who strong­ ty, the public concurs that the Soviet threat ly oppose reviving the old military draft, is real and that the Russians understand support, by a 58 percent majority, the idea HON. NEWT GINGRICH and respect only the language of force. The of one year of compulsory national service. OF GEORGIA public almost universally supports the idea (Among all citizens, 71 percent support it.> IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES that our defenses must be strong and that Moreover, given the choice between military achieving such strength is worth consider­ and nonmilitary duties in this year of serv­ Thursday, March 18, 1982 able sacrifice. Counter to those who not ice, an impressive two out of five say that e Mr. GINGRICH. Mr. Speaker, only oppose nuclear arms but armed force they would choose military service. lately I have been learning of more in general, a majority of citizens resist those Harris has posed a somewhat similar ques­ strategies that are based on unilateral disar­ tion: and more families who are taking ad­ mament or on any other approach that ap­ "It has been suggested that instead of vantage of the new opportunities of­ pears to weaken the United States relative military draft all young men between 18 and fered by home computers. to the Soviets. 26 must serve two years in service for their They enjoy the convenience of work­ In opposition to the defense community, country, including work with the Peace ing at home and avoiding rush-hour the public shares with such groups as Physi­ Corps overseas, work with poverty groups traffic. They also enjoy being able to cians for Social Responsibility and the and the handicapped at home, or on envi­ work with their children around them Union of Concerned Scientists a sense of ronmental cleanup as well as military serv­ all day. horror about the use of nuclear arms and ice. Each young man would have to serve the conviction that nothing but disaster can one year in the military and the other year I want to share one news story with follow from their use. It rejects the concept either in another type of service or in the you and my colleagues that tells of of military victory through nuclear arms. military. Would you favor or oppose such a home learning and working with com­ The second clear fact about public opinion plan of universal service?" puters. It appeared in the Chicago is that it takes a positive view of the draft. Here again, we find that a shift from the Americans have mixed feelings about the Tribune, January 11, 1982. old-style draft to a new concept of national The article follows: desirability of reviving the traditional form service that includes both military service of military draft, but a clear-cut majority and some choice for young people elimi­ HOME IS WHERE THE HEARTIEST WORK IS, supports some form of military service to re­ nates the sharp split between the younger SOME FIRMS DISCOVER place the present voluntary system. (By Michael L. Millenson> Survey findings help to clarify this impor­ citizens who must serve and the older citi­ tant point. A recent Harris Poll found that zens who do not have to make this sacrifice. Like Dorothy in "The Wizard of Oz." a by 60 percent to 37 percent, Americans Approximately 65 percent of those who are growing number of corporations are discov­ favor substituting a two-year military draft 30 and older favor this form of mixed uni­ ering there's no place like home-for work, of young men between the ages of 18 and 26 versal service, but so does a 56 percent ma­ that is. for the present system. It also found a grow­ jority of younger people. Companies as diverse as Control Data ing concern with the quality of our volun­ Overall, it is clear that the vast majority Corp., Continental Illinois National Bank & tary armed forces. Between 1978 and 1981, of Americans want the United States to be Trust Co. and Blue Cross/Blue Shield of there has been an increase from 56 percent strong, at least as strong as the Soviets, if South Carolina are letting some employees to 66 percent in the number of Americans not more so, and that to a large majority of do their jobs at home. The results have who agree that "since the draft was ended, young and old, a newly fashioned draft in­ been pleasantly positive: increased produc­ the young people the military has recruited volving military and nonmilitary service and tivity, reduced turnover and lowered costs on a voluntary basis have mainly been those a degree of choice is a serious option. for employee and employer. who couldn't get jobs elsewhere and have If ever an issue were meant to be settled Not every job can be done away from the not made very good soldiers." In the same through public debate and discussion, the office, and not every individual is suited to period, there has been an increase from 76 question of how best to defend ourselves in the special demands of at-home work for percent to 84 percent in the number of this dangerous world is surely the leading adults. But the advent of sophisticated and people who agree that the country would be candidate. In any such debate, of course, we relatively inexpensive telecommunications "healthier" if it had "a draft under which cannot overlook the heritage of mistrust equipment is making "telecommuting"-set­ all young people of military age are eligible and bitterness left over form Vietnam. In ting up an electronic connection between to be called up for a two-year period so that that era, the Selective Service symbolized office and home-a real possibility. we can have an army of trained civilians both a war that many young people in par­ "You're talking about potentially radical who can be called up in an emergency." ticular thought should not have been changes in the workplace," says Margrethe Gallup's findings on support for a draft fought at all and a system of military re­ Olson, an assistant professor at New York show greater volatility than do Harris's. cruitment that yielded to privilege and sub­ University's Graduate School of Business Nonetheless, Gallup's surveys over the last terfuge. Administration who has studied at-home three decades have consistently shown that Only a few years have intervened between work programs. a large majority of the American people the end of the Vietnam era and the 11th­ Radical though it may be, there are those favor a proposal requiring every young man hour climate of the 1980s. Many young who insist telecommuting is an idea whose 18 and older to give one year of service to people still view the prospect of a draft as a time will surely come. Chief among the pro­ the country either in military or nonmili­ vehicle to protect special interests unrelated ponents is author Alvin Toffler, who pre­ tary work. Moreover, Gallup reports a sharp to the national defense (for example, oil dicted in his 1980 book, "The Third Wave," rise in support for such a compulsory pro­ companies' investments in the Middle East> that one of the most significant develop­ gram of national service since 1979-in two rather than as an alternative to a nuclear ments of the 1980's would be the shift of a years the figures have gone from 60 percent arms race. large number of jobs out of the factory and to 71 percent. "The current figure," Gallup Even as close r.n observer of national de­ office and into the home. writes, "is higher than at any time since fense matters as James Fallows, Washing­ The home was where most work was done 1969, when these measurements began." ton editor of The Atlantic Monthly, who, before the Industrial Revolution, Toffler The divisiveness that exists in public atti­ though reared in the Vietnam era, con­ noted. But this time, he said, it will be home tudes toward the draft comes from the split cludes that a draft is needed, does not state that is transformed into an "electric cot­ between younger and older Americans. A the most compelling case for it. "The real tage," as the telecommunications revolution Harris survey shows that in striking con­ argument," writes Fallows in his recent makes it cheaper to stay home than to com­ trast to the two-to-one overall pattern of book, National Defense, "is that the mili­ mute. support for the draft among the general tary will not be respected and decisions Others are more skeptical, including public, younger Americans ( 18 to 29 years about its use will not be democratically Olson. "Organizations change very slowly," old) support the present volunteer system made unless every class in the nation feels it she points out. by a majority of 54 percent to 44 percent. has a direct stake in its performance." This One organization on the cutting edge of Other Gallup findings show an even sharper is a good argument, but it is not the real ar­ that change is computer giant Control Data pattern of differnece between young and gument. The real argument, whose outcome of Minneapolis. The company has two work­ old, with 18- to 24-year-olds opposing the may determine our future, is that a draft at-home programs. The first is for handi­ draft by more than a two-to-one margin (67 may be the only practical alternative to a capped employees and teaches them how to percent to 27 percent>. nuclear arms race.e become computer programmers. The dis- March 18, 1982 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 4813 abled employees use a computerized educa­ other took early retirement. A new crop of thousands of cubic yards of dredged tion program from Control Data's own recruits soon was found. They type dicta­ material into an area which the corps Plato terminal. tion and transcribe documents from dicta­ itself calls the most productive lobster The second program is a look at ways of phone-type recorders, using video display fishery in the entire sound. structuring the workaday world. Sixty Con­ terminals connected electronically to the trol Data employees, ranging from secretar­ bank. I am concerned that the decision to ies to managers, have been working full- or "It's a wonderful program for working allow the dumping was a hasty one part-time from their homes or from "satel­ mothers who do not want to work outside and that the economic and environ­ lite offkes" as part of a pilot program called the home," says Gladys Giraldo, 26, the mental consequences of the action "the alternative worksite." mother of a 3 112-year-old son. "I wouldn't be were not fully addressed. For example, "We're looking at the program as the type working if it wasn't for this." there is no clear evidence that the that could be available to almost any type Another of the four women in the pro­ heavy metals of the dredge spoils will of worker except on an assembly line," a gram is equally pleased. "The biggest advantage is probably saving not flow toward and contaminate the company spokesman said. "It has vast po­ active fishery areas nearby. Further­ tential." the time and money I'd have to use to go One convert is Tom Conroy, 51, a manager out and find a baby-sitter and take the baby more, the corps asserts that "dis­ in Control Data's office technology oper­ to the sitter all the time," says Donna Puc­ charge of dredged material would bury ations. A year and a half ago, Conroy's cini of Arlington Heights, 27, with a 2-year­ and for the most part destroy orga­ bosses granted his request to work from old daughter. nisms, fish and lobsters which are home one or two days a week. There's also the savings that comes from within the discharge area." We cannot "I did it because I wanted large blocks of not needing an extensive wardrobe for work, she notes. "Sometimes I've even stayed in simply ignore these effects for the uninterrupted time," explains Conroy, who convenience of disposers of dredge lives 26 miles from Control Data's head­ my robe typing untillO in the morning until quarters. "You can get it at the office by I feel like changing." spo!ls. closing your door, but you can't control it. The bank requires that the women be at It is, furthermore, imprudent for the The phone still rings, people knock at the work from 9 a.m. to 11:30 a.m. and from 2 corps to permit dumping like this on a door, they will schedule you for meetings­ p.m. to 4:30 p.m. At the end of the day, piecemeal basis before examining the normal business interruptions." the're given another three hours of work long-range disposal needs involving At first, Conroy though he'd use the home that they are expected to finish before the the entire Long Island Sound. Such a time for important writing and planning. He start of the next business day. "Donna gets up at the crack of dawn to do long-range plan would evaluate the brought along a portable computer terminal costs and benefits of dumping at se­ to keep in touch with the office through it," McArthur says, "She prefers to spend "electronic mail." [Ironically, the terminal her evenings with her family and says she's lected sites in the sound over 10 to 20 isn't manufactured by Control Data. It's at her best at 4 a.m." years and adopt a comprehensive man­ leased.] Continental plans to evaluate the pilot agement approach toward responsible But to Conroy's surprise, he began to find program and make a decision on whether to use of this valuable water resource. that, "with the exception of face-to-face proceed in March. So far, the bank esti­ I, therefore, must request that the type meetings, I can do most any of my mates it has spent an extra $30,000 on equipment for the program. It has no esti­ U.S. Army Corps of Engineers refuse work at home." to allow any dumping in western Long That includes supervising 6 to 12 employ­ mate of other costs. ees under him, many of whom also work at Though McArthur says she's pleased with Island Sound until it has completed a home at least part-time. But he acknowl­ what she's seen, Continental's slow ap­ long-range plan and a more thorough edges that making the shift required a proach is typical of most companies. Olson assessment of the effects of the dump­ change in tactics from the way most manag­ says only a handful of companies have ing on Long Island's vital fishing in­ ers do their jobs. work-at-home pilot programs, although dustry. The economic interests of "Our normal mode of supervision might "there are a lot interested and starting to Long Island fishermen and the envi­ be to see people, and if they look busy, they think about it." They include Aetna Life and Casualty Cos., Hartford, and the Manu­ ronmental concerns of all Long Island­ are busy," he says. "Now, you have to ers demand that Long Island Sound be become more task oriented. You give people facturers Hanover Bank, New York. a well-defined task to do with a deadline. Some companies are using at-home work­ considered much more than simply a After that, I don't really care." ers for specialized situations, such as com­ convenient dumpsite.e Conroy says he's found his own productiv­ puter programming. FMC Corp. in Chicago ity has increased considerably. For instance, has seven programmers with terminals in with "electronic mail," he can check his their homes, ready to provide 24-hour trou­ REINTRODUCTION OF SHORT­ computer terminal for messages or plug into ble-shooting service for customers of the TIME COMPENSATION: ALTER­ office communications at any time of day. manufacturing systems division. A program­ NATIVE TO LAYOFFS But, he emphasizes, "you don't have to mer can talk to an FMC central computer have expensive terminals. About 40 to 50 with his terminal, diagnosing difficulties. percent of the time, I don't use the termi­ For now, companies are just beginning to HON. PATRICIA SCHROEDER nal." cope with the social implications of a decen­ At the other extreme are companies tralized workplace, such as legal problems, OF COLORADO whose at-home workers rely completely on how to promote individuals who are at IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES home and the effect on corporate loyalty. computer terminals. Blue Cross/Blue Shield Thursday, March 18, 1982 of South Carolina has a handful of employ­ The idea of the electronic cottage is in­ ees in Columbia, S.C. who "key punch" in­ triguing, Olson said, but at the moment, e Mrs. SCHROEDER. Mr. Speaker, surance claims at home through a connec­ "There's a little less than meets the eye."e last April I introduced H.R. 3005, the tion to a terminal at the office. Short-Time Compensation Act of 1981. At Continental Illinois National Bank & CORPS MUST STOP DUMPING IN Since then bipartisan cosponsors Trust Co. of Chicago, four clerical workers climbed aboard, employer groups took are part of a pilot program to test the effec­ WESTERN LONG ISLAND SOUND tiveness of at-home work. interest and the AFL-CIO endorsed The program began in late 1978 when the idea during its executive meeting Continental decided it could "tap a new HON.THOMASJ.DOWNEY in August. They all made good sugges­ labor source of people who want to work for OF NEW YORK tions to improve the original bill. I us but can't leave their homes," according IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES took their suggestions and included to Mary McArthur, a bank operations offi­ them in a new bill, which I introduce cer. Thursday, March 18, 1982 today. "Every company is having trouble getting e Mr. DOWNEY. Mr. Speaker, the For those still unfamiliar with the good secretaries, and there are a lot of U.S. Army Corps of Engineers has women who would be willing to work if they concept of short-time compensation didn't have to leave their homes." made the regrettable decision to allow . let me review it. Say an em­ The Continental program began with two the dumping of dredge spoils in west­ ployer faces a temporary slump in the secretaries from the typing pool. One came ern Long Island Sound. Beginning to­ market and must lay off 20 employees back to the bank after two years and the morrow, disposers will be able to dump out of 100. Rather than completely lay 4814 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS March 18, 1982 off those 20, the employer could, by equivalent number of hours of full­ I urge the corps to give greater con­ using an employer-designed, union-ap­ time layoffs. Moreover, employers who sideration to the environmental conse­ proved, work-sharing plan, reduce the use STC will be required to finance quences of dumping, and to thorough­ workweek for all 100 employees by 20 the STC benefits. Those who maintain ly reexamine the risks of said dumping percent. They would then be eligible a negative balance unemployment in­ as described in the environmental to collect UI benefits for the hours per surance account with the State em­ impact statement.e week they did not work. The total ployment office can be charged a weekly earnings would approximate 90 surtax or be required to reimburse the percent of their regular weekly take­ trust fund for their utilization of STC. PRIME MINISTER HAUGHEY'S home pay. Health and most other ben­ Short-time compensation is not an SIGNIFICANT STATEMENT ON efits would remain intact. My bill en­ untested, fly-by-night scheme thought NORTHERN IRELAND courages this idea by allowing States up by mad social scientists. It has been to permit this partial unemployment used for decades in Western Europe as compensation, something States, by an important tool to combat layoffs. HON. MARIO BIAGGI law, are unable to do. In the last recession, more than OF NEW YORK The bill I introduce today makes 770,000 German workers received par­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES three major improvements to the tial compensation, thereby reducing Thursday, March 18, 1982 original H.R. 3005. First, the Depart­ the German unemployment rate 1 per­ ment of Labor, which is called upon to cent. • Mr. BlAGG!. Mr. Speaker. as chair­ conduct an evaluation of the program, In this country, several States have man of the bipartisan 126 member Ad must now consult with employer become interested in the idea after Hoc Congressional Committee for groups and unions to determine how 1978, when California began their ver­ Irish Affairs I had the high privilege the evaluation will be done and what sion of short-time compensation. Their and distinct personal honor to attend will be looked at. Second, I eliminated legislation was originally introduced a St. Patrick's Day luncheon at the a Federal demonstration project to by Senator William Greene, chairman White House. The luncheon was in allow maximum State freedom to de­ of the Industrial Relations Commit­ honor of the new Prime Minister of velop their own short-time compensa­ tee, in the aftermath of proposition the Republic · of Ireland Charles tion programs. Because there is no 13's passage. Two years ago the pro­ Haughey. demonstration project, I also withdrew gram was extended by the State legis­ In the course of the luncheon, the the $10 million appropriation the lature. Prime Minister delivered a most signif­ original bill allowed for. Other States have become interested icant speech which focused a great These improvements make the bene­ in STC. Arizona and Oregon recently deal of attention on the ongoing trou­ fits of the bill more attractive. The passed STC legislation. New York, ble in N orthem Ireland. I view his benefit to workers is obvious. It pre­ New Jersey, Rhode Island, Pennsylva­ statement to be the most important serves their jobs. It prevents the trau­ nia, and Maine are also kicking around made by a leader of the Irish Govern­ matic experience of being laid off and the idea. Since some States are inter­ ment in the 13 years that I have been faced with domestic financial obliga­ ested in the idea independently, involved with the issue. tions. It also alleviates the "last-hired, people may ask why Federal legisla­ Prime Minister Haughey clearly pre­ first-fired" employment problem. This tion is needed at all. Congress should sented a challenge to President is good not only for the worker but for be concerned about unemployment, Reagan for our Nation to become the local economy as well. which is a problem national in scope. more involved in the process which Employers, using short-time com­ It must not expect the States to solve will lead to the end of the partition of pensation, find a better way to survive weighty national economic problems. the island of Ireland and the eventual slack periods in the market. Revised Ideally, the Federal Government unification of the two entities. production schedules and bumping should work with the States, to help President Reagan in both his 1981 procedures often mean significant re­ them experiment with different ways and 1982 St. Patrick's Day messages ductions in productivity. Rehiring and to solve problems, and to evaluate has shown great sensitivity about the retraining costs when business picks these experiments for future national Northern Ireland problem. I heartily up again provide further employer economic policymaking. The Short­ endorse his recommendation for great­ headaches, especially in high technol­ Time Compensation Act of 1981 seeks er U.S. commercial involvement in the ogy industries. Although the employer to promote cooperative federalism in North. Ulster's economic problems are still pays fringe benefit costs for the finding solutions to the problems of severe and must be a matter of con­ entire work force, STC in the long run cyclical unemployment.• cern not only to the United States but is less expensive and promotes higher to all of Western Europe. While the productivity. President's record is noteworthy-! The legislation also benefits unions. OPPOSITION TO DUMPING OF hope he will seriously consider the A number of unions already have DREDGED SPOIL IN LONG challenge presented by Prime Minister work-sharing provisions in their con­ ISLAND SOUND Haughey. tracts but because of State law, cannot At this point in the RECORD, on receive compensation for partial un­ behalf of myself and my colleague Mr. employment. STC also has potential HON. JOHN LeBOUTILLIER GILMAN, I wish to insert that portion for improving employer-employee rela­ OF NEW YORK of the Prime Minister's statement that tions. This has been shown in a Cali­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES focused on Northern Ireland. fornia-run STC program. Under my Thursday, March 18, 1982 A greater part of the island of Ireland legislation, no STC plan may be used today has becop1e a modem state where all by the employer unless the appropri­ e Mr. LEBOUTILLIER. Mr. Speaker, I are free and equal before the law. where ate union agrees to the conditions. wish to state my profound oppositon bigotry and discrimination have faded away Such discussions promote cooperation, to the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers' and sectarianism holds no place in our laws. not confrontation, when layoffs recent decision to allow dumping of our Constitution, or our daily lives. threaten. dredged spoil in Long Island Sound. And in speaking of these things to Ameri­ My bill is also designed to protect cans, I know the sympathy and understand­ Long Island Sound is a precious re­ ing they will evoke. For no man can speak the solvency of the UI trust fund that source, and its value to fishermen, of freedom and equality to Americans with­ each State keeps. To prevent fraud, recreation lovers and future genera­ out striking chords. Of the lamps burning in employers will be required to certify tions must not be jeopardized by envi­ the belfries of New England, of those farm­ that the use of STC is in lieu of an ronmentally insensitive decree. ers that stood by the bridge at Concord, or March 18, 1982 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 4815 of the great document that the Founding map, dating from the sixteenth century, Marxist led and has strong ties to the Fathers composed in Philadelphia. But and showing the Slieve Bloom Mts. and the Popular Front for the Liberation of there's one thing the Irish have not yet unconquered territory of the O'Reagans. I Palestine , the Marxist group achieved and of which we are constantly re­ present it to you, Ronald Reagan. defender minded everywhere we go in this great cap­ of the hills. President of the United States that has pioneered new forms of inter­ ital city where the memory of Abraham Lin­ of America, and friend of Ireland.e national terror. coln and his struggle to save the American Mr. Speaker, broad public indigna­ union and to avoid the partition of his coun­ tion is an important factor for any at­ try are so beautifully and so splendidly com­ TERRORISM AT HOME tempt to bring this wave of terrorist memorated. violence to an end in our country. Our Whereas Lincoln sought to prevent the role, as Members of Congress, could partition of his country, we are seeking to HON. ARLAN STANGELAND well be in this case to act as educa­ bring to an end the partition of ours. And OF MINNESOTA the obstacles to that goal are in part the age tors-we can tell the public the dan­ old ones which so nearly sundered the IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES gers of terrorism and we can help young United States-misunderstanding, ig­ Thursday, March 18, 1982 bring about a new climate of aroused norance, prejudice, suspicion and fear. public opinion. It is imperative that We have pledged ourselves to overcoming e Mr. STANGELAND. Mr. Speaker, Americans be made aware of the these obstacles-to further the reconcile­ during the past quarter of a century threat to their country posed by these ment of the two great traditions of our acts of terrorism have been prevalent terrorists.e island, given to that end any pledge that throughout the world. For the most may result, any guarantee that may be part, people of the United States were thought necessary and to making unassail­ not involved and although our people REAUTHORIZE DIPLOMATS PRO­ able constitutional arrangements for those did not condone these acts, neither did TECTION IN THE UNITED in the northern part of Ireland who may we spend a great deal of time worrying STATES feel a special need for such provisions. Irish people everywhere yearn for that about them. day when their country will finally find However, Mr. Speaker, these acts of peace and justice in unity and they, in their terrorism, which threaten lives, prop­ HON. GERALDINE A. FERRARO turn, in their land, will create a shining city erty, and the general well-being of our OF NEW YORK on a hill. Nation, are now creeping into our IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES With the good will of that worldwide Irish cities. I believe that it is imperative spiritual empire which is stronger here in that we as Members of the House of Thursday, March 18, 1982 the United States of America than any­ Representatives recognize the serious where else, the Irish government will do all • Ms. FERRARO. Mr. Speaker, today we can through the Anglo-Irish process or threat that the United States faces along with the distinguished gentle­ any other forum to achieve that historic from these acts of terrorism. men from New York . The penses under the law are estimated at a great compliment. Their commanders, me­ thodical men, prepared and sent to London, ASALA is one of the world's newer $6 million for fiscal year 1983, the ad­ maps on which were marked the names of and more "efficient" terrorist move­ ministration has requested only $1 the most redoubtable Irish chieftans, those ments. It operates in a dozen coun­ million. This would leave the Federal from whom the strongest resistance was to tries, and is believed to be headquar­ Government $23.4 million behind in be expected. I have brought with me such a tered in Beirut. This organization is payments to the city with little hope 4816 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS March 18, 1982 of meeting its commitments in the LONG ISLAND SOUND DUMPING and status. I commend this study, future. H.R. 5888 would raise the $3.5 which is reprinted below, to any of my million authorization to $15 million. colleagues who are concerned about With one exception, no change would HON. GREGORY W. CARMAN trade issues. In particular, I would like be made in the limitations of what OF NEW YORK to point out the estimates that pas­ items constitute reimbursable ex­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES sage of this legislation would create at penses. This bill merely removes the Thursday, March 18, 1982 least 280,000 to 340,000 jobs nation­ hypocrisy of Congress recognizing a le­ wide. For this alone, it is worthy of e Mr. CARMAN. Mr. Speaker, the our prompt consideration. gitimate and necessary Federal ex­ Army Corps of Engineers has an­ pense but not paying for it. nounced that it plans to dump poten­ EXPORT TRADING COMPANIES The single change in the definition tially hazardous, toxic waste into the PURPOSE OF THE LEGISLATION of reimbursable expenses is a minor western portion of the Long Island The purpose of this legislation is to in­ one. Since 1980, Congress has included Sound. Past dumpings have contained crease U.S. exports through the formation in its annual appropriations the clari­ heavy metal pollution, petrochemical of export trading companies which would fication that security for motorcades is serve as export intermediaries for U.S. com­ wastes, arsenic, and mercury. This de­ panies. Presently, tens of thousands of small an allowable expense. H.R. 5888 would cision by the engineers poses a direct make this clarification permanent. and medium-sized companies produce goods threat to the well-being of the people and services which are competitive overseas. Mr. Speaker, it is a sad fact that ter­ of Long Island, Connecticut, and the These companies have not entered the for­ rorism around the world is on the rise. surrounding area of New York. It eign markets in large part because of their New York City has not been spared threatens to pollute recreational unfamiliarity with foreign customs, lan­ from this tragedy. Since December waters and to damage or destroy the guage, and laws, and the tremendous costs 1979, there have been 18 bombings valuable offshore shellfishing industry and risks involved in developing overseas aimed at diplomats and diplomatic in that area off the north shore of markets. buildings in New York. In the fall of Export trading companies can tap this po­ Long Island. tential export resource by providing the full 1980, a Cuban diplomat became the I have contacted President Reagan first diplomat killed in New York since range of export services and functions to and protested to Secretary Watt and these companies. By diversifying trade risks the U.N. headquarters was located in the Secretary of the Army for this ir­ and achieving economies of scale in export the city. The city police department responsible decision. The only reason trade services, export trading companies can had to maintain fixed sentinel posts at that this offshore site is being used is serve as the ideal intermediaries to facilitate 54 diplomatic missions during all or to save money. But this is a false econ­ these exports. part of 1981. Yet more now than ever omy. The potential damage to the en­ Bank participation in export trading com­ before, peaceful means must be sought vironment and the potential loss of panies can provide the financial resources to solve international disputes. The and expertise that will be essential ingredi­ jobs in the fishing industry offset any ents to the success of export trading compa­ continued personal visits of foreign short-term gains. I urge those of my diplomats and dignitaries is vital if nies. Government regulation, however, pres­ colleagues who care about the environ­ ently excludes U.S. banks from offering peaceful discussions are to succeed. ment and who care about jobs for most export services. In addition, antitrust Just as we expect other nations to pro­ Americans to join me in a formal pro­ uncertainties deter U.S. companies from co­ tect our Ambassadors, so must we be test of this tragic mistake.e operating in their export activities. willing to provide their diplomats with This legislation would allow bank partici­ freedom from terrorist acts. pation in and ownership of export trading On a cost-benefit basis this law will EXPORT TRADING COMPANIES companies under strictly regulated condi­ save the American taxpayer money. tions. It would also amend the Webb-Pomer­ Public Law 94-196 requires Federal ene Act by extending its application to the HON. JOHN J. LaFALCE export of services as well as goods, and by protection of diplomats. The use of providing for a pre-clearance certification New York City police instead of the OF NEW YORK process to ensure that specified activities Secret Service Uniformed Division is IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES and methods of operation are not in viola­ only done to lower costs. The Treasury Thursday, March 18, 1982 tion of the antitrust laws. Department estimated several years In addition; the bill directs the Export­ ago that dispatching a member of the • Mr. LAFALCE. Mr. Speaker, con­ Import Bank to provide loan guarantees to Secret Service Uniformed Division gressional interest in export trading export trading companies when the private from Washington to New York would company legislation is growing daily as credit market is inadequate, and requires cost twice as much as having a New more Members recognize the potential the Secretary of Commerce to promote the benefits of permitting U.S. trading formation and operation of export trading York City police officer do the same companies. job. companies to compete on a more equal Mr. Speaker, I am inserting a copy basis with the operations of foreign PROPOSED EXPORT TRADING COMPANIES ACT of H.R. 5888 in the RECORD for my traders. Export trading companies will FACT SHEET fellow Members to study. I hope they provide a broad range of services to I. Summary will recognize its merits and support both large and small businesses; they The Export Trading Company legislation this measure. have the capability of operating supported by the Reagan Administration is throughout the world, using their far the first legislation in over a decade aimed H.R. 5888 flung network to match American at giving American business major new tools Be it enacted by the Senate and House of manufacturers with a wide variety of to penetrate and expand export markets Representatives of the United States of abroad. In addition to helping seasoned ex­ America in Congress assembled, That buyers; and they can facilitate financ­ porters to do even better, we expect that it section 208 of title 3, United States Code, ing for firms which cannot afford to will encourage many small and medium­ is amended by striking out the period at the extend credit to foreign customers. sized firms to enter the export market for end of the first sentence and inserting in Many of my colleagues have ex­ the first time. lieu thereof the following: ", including those pressed an interest in learning more Export trading companies will combine utilized to provide protection for motor­ about the Export Trading Companies the products, skills and resources of several cades and at places associated with a visit Act. They have asked for specific in­ U.S. companies to enhance their own capa­ qualifying under section 202(7).". formation on the potential contribu­ bilities and those of their clients. The legis­ Section 208 of title 3, United States lation is designed to attract producers of Code, is amended by striking out tions of export trading companies to goods and services, banks, export manage­ "$3,500,000" and inserting in lieu thereof U.S. exports and our economy as a ment companies, freight forwarders and "$15,000,000". whole. The Commerce Department re­ other export service businesses into an ef­ SEc. 2. The amendments made by this Act cently completed a brief review of the fective joint effort to exploit foreign mar­ shall take effect on October 1, 1982.e legislation, including its background kets. They may do this either to export March 18, 1982 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 4817 their own products or to act as a "one-stop" pally for the purpose of <1 > exporting goods 3. Additional provisions service for unrelated clients. and services, and <2> providing export-relat­ Export trading company legislation would The legislation would <1 > permit banks to ed services to other companies unrelated to authorize and direct the Export-Import take limited ownership interests in an ETC the export trading company. This simple Bank to establish a program of guaranteed and (2) allow ETCs to apply for an antitrust definition is intended to allow U.S. compa­ loans from financial institutions to export certification pre-clearance, giving greater as­ nies great freedom to form export trading trading companies. Such guaranteed loans surance their activities would not make companies which will best serve their needs. must be secured either by export accounts them liable to antitrust action. The Com­ In addition to exporting products and serv­ receivable or inventories of exportable merce Department would administer the ices of their member companies. it is expect­ goods. Finally, the Commerce Department certification process in consultation with ed that the ETCs will provide export-related is given an important role in promoting and the antitrust enforcement agencies. In addi­ services to companies which are not ETC encouraging the formation and operation of tion the Department would have a promo­ members, and thereby help these unrelated export trading companies. tion~! and matchmaking role in fostering or unaffiliated companies increase their ex­ the formation of export trading companies. ports. VI. How export trading companies will help U.S. exports II. Background The bill would also provide antitrust certi­ fication for export trading associations The primary function of an export trading The concept of the export trading compa­ . The major difference between an ny legislation grew out of hearings on u.-s company is to combine the products. skills ETC and an ETA is that an ETA must be and resources of several U.S. companies to export policy held in 1978 by a subconumt­ engaged solely in the export of goods and tee of the Senate Committee on Banking, enhance their export capabilities. or those services, whereas ETCs are to be organized of their clients. ETCs will attract producers Housing and Urban Affairs. In 1980, hear­ principally for exporting goods and services ings were held on several export trading of goods and services, banks, export man­ and to provide export facilitating services to agement companies, and freight forwarders. company proposals. Japan and other major unrelated clients. trading countries have fostered trading com­ The company would then be able to provide panies, while U.S. companies are thwarted V. Summary of legislative provisions "one-stop" export service, including market by antitrust laws and financial intricacies. Export intermediaries, of which an export research, marketing, financing, documenta­ The Senate passed an export trading com­ trading company is an example, already tion, transportation, and after-sales service. pany bill in September 1980, but in t~e exist. Webb-Pomerene S. 734, the successor bill to Commerce and the Reagan Administration gives exporters new avenues for obtaining are working strenuously to achieve an s. 144, which the Senate passed April 8 by a export capital and financing. Banks also unanimous vote, and <2> H.R. 1648, intro­ export trading company law soon, is be­ have contacts, communication networks and cause: <1 > studies indicate that small and duced by Representative John LaFalce , which is identical to S. 144. medium-sized businesses have considerable transactions and in finding foreign markets, potential for contributing to increased U.S. III. Trade reasons for export trading credit facilities, and potential customers. exports, and <2> the Export Trading Compa­ companies Title I permits a bank to invest only a ny legislation will give small and medium­ Since 1970, the U.S. share of total world small percentage of its capital in an export sized companies valuable assistance in real­ exports has declined from 15 percent to 12 trading company. While the amount of izing their export potential. Manifestly, percent. This represents a cumulative loss bank investment can provide a significant export trading companies comprised solely of $73 billion. Our competitors have main­ contribution to the financial strength of of a few small and medium-sized companies tained or increased their shares. export trading companies, the limitations will have such a minor impact on the do­ Our share of world industrial trade since are designed to assure that such invest­ mestic economy and their export competi­ 1970 has dropped from 21 percent to 17.4 ments are consistent with sound banking tors that they will pose no risk of anticom­ percent, representing a loss of $26 billion. principles. petitive harm. Therefore, the Commerce Double-digit inflation in the past few 2. Antitrust exemption Department is convinced that the procedure years creates a deceptive impression of a Title II provides the critical assurance for certifying an antitrust exemption for large increase in U.S. trade. Real dollar in­ that the activities of an export trading com­ such export trading companies should be creases are moderate, and we continue to pany or export association and its members, simple and swift, and, to the extent that run a deficit in our balance of payments. when covered by a certification by the Sec­ eventual legislation permits, it intends to Our cumulative trade deficit over the past retary of Commerce, will be immune from afford to export trading companies com­ five years is $100 billion. In 1980, our trade antitrust liability for actions taken while prised of small and medium-sized firms a deficit was $24 billion. the certification is in effect. This is impor­ streamlined procedure for obtaining anti­ Two-thirds of Japan's exports are handled trust certification. by trading companies. Japan is not alone tant because businesses, particularly those among our industrialized trading partners in of small or middle-size, need to combine to VIII. Strong support for export trading export, but are inhibited by the fear of anti­ companies making use of specialized export entities. trust liability. Thus they often refrain from West Germany, France, and Hong Kong do taking the real or perceived risk. In April 1981, the International Trade Ad­ likewise. The Title II eligibility provisions and the ministration requested each of its 47 district The major share of U.S. exports comes administration of the certification process offices to interview banks and non-banking from large firms. Only one percent of U.S. are designed to protect against improper firms in its district to learn the possible ef­ firms account for 80 percent of U.S. exports. anticompetitive effects in the U.S. market fects of ETC legislation on U.S. exports and We need a mechanism to stimulate and or on U.S. export competitors. The provi­ employment. The offices reported discus­ train our smaller firms in the export skills sions also protect export traders against an sions with about 140 banks and about 220 their foreign competitors have learned. The after-the-fact assertion that their previous­ companies. Administration strongly supports the export ly-approved activities violated U.S. antitrust An overwhelming majority of responses trading company legislation to help our laws. The immunity extends to both govern­ indicate banks and companies believe export small and medium-sized firms expand their ment and private antitrust actions. trading companies will increase U.S. ex­ markets by exporting. Title II, in contrast to the present Webb­ ports. although few banks and companies IV. What is an export trading company? Pomerene Act, covers the export of services were willing to quantify the potential or Under the Act, an export trading company and provides for certification of specific likely increase in exports resulting from the is a company organized and operated princi- export activities. legislation. 4818 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS March 18, 1982 District offices in Boston, Philadelphia PERSONAL EXPLANATION You have to have a story, we told him. and Buffalo gave estimates of increased ex­ So this is it. ports of 5 percent to 10 percent, achievable Bill Houpt, who was born in Danville, says within one to three years. Let us take the HON. CLAUDINE SCHNEIDER his father and Lowell Thomas got him into lowest of the estimates-5 percent. In 1980, the news business. U.S. exports of manufactured goods and ag­ OF RHODE ISLAND "'My father was very much interested in ricultural products were $185.7 billion. A IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES current events. He listened to Lowell five percent increase in this figure would Thursday, March 18, 1982 Thomas every night. I admired my father add $9 billion to the U.S. exports total. If very much so I listened with him. That's exports of services, management fees, and e Mrs. SCHNEIDER. Mr. Speaker, where the whole thing started. so forth, are added to manufactured and ag­ yesterday, I traveled to Tallahassee, "I decided I wanted to be like Lowell ricultural exports, the increase would be $11 Fla., to add my support to the effort Thomas." billion. to seek ratification of the equal rights But Houpt was not to make his mark in The ETC legislation explicitly includes amendment. Unfortunately, due to radio news. "services" among exports of an ETC and ex­ "I tried out here in Danville at WDAN. I flight delays caused by severe weather, was trying to imitate Floyd Gibbons. Do you ports of services have become an important I was necessarily absent for the com­ part of total U.S. exports. We should thus remember Floyd Gibbons? He had this rapid consider that total U.S. exports, not just ex­ mencement of this morning's proceed­ machine gun approach ... he could outdo ports of manufacturers, are likely to benefit ings. Had I been present for the fol­ Walter Winchell. "Of course I didn't get the from export trading companies. lowing votes, I would have cast my job. I was much too fast." By current estimates, every $1 billion in­ votes as follows: After graduation from Northwestern Uni­ crease in exports creates 31 thousand jobs. On H.R. 3620, Hoboken Pier authori­ versity, Houpt made what he calls ··some Using this figure the Export Trading Com­ zation, "no," as I would prefer to see forays" before settling down to Danville and pany legislation would create at least 280- greater safeguards against sale at less The Commercial-News in 1946. 340 thousand jobs nationwide. A private Among them: Washington, D.C.-"'What I than market value. On H.R. 4688, Mili­ really wanted then was to be a Washington study conducted by Chase Econometrics es­ tary Personnel and Civilian Employ­ timated that by 1985, ETCs could increase correspondent." Chicago, where he was a GNP by $27-55 billion, increase employment ees' Claims Act, "yes." On H.R. 4468, copy boy at what was then the Chicago Sun by 320,000-640,000 workers, and reduce the Secret Service zones of protection, for $18 a week. And New York, the golden Federal deficit by $11-22 billion. "yes," and on H.R. 3345, title 35 city, where he worked for a bookstore in amendments, "yes." Finally, on rollcall Grand Central Station while he waited for IX. Current status No. 23, approval of the Journal, I the break by which he would "achieve fame The Senate passed S. 734, the Export have voted "aye." and fortune among beautiful women and Trading Company Act of 1981, on April 8 by would the whole thing." a vote of 93-0. In the House, the bill sup­ Thank you, Mr. Speaker.e The New York venture was inspired, he ported by the Administration, H.R. 1648, as supposes now, by one of his most admired well as alternative proposals, are being con­ authors, Thomas Wolfe. sidered by three committees, the Judiciary, NEWSPAPERMAN BILL HOUPT "Somerset Maugham, I think it was Banking and Foreign Affairs Committees. Maugham, said that the highest tribute you While no Committee has yet reported out a can pay to an author is to imitate one of his bill for floor action, the expectation is that HON. DANIEL B. CRANE heroes and of course that's what I Spring of 1982. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES was doing. The Subcommittee on Monopolies and "It was very exciting to arrive in New Commercial Law of the House Judiciary Thursday, March 18, 1982 York, to work in Grand Central Station. scheduled a markup on the bill's antitrust e Mr. DANIEL B. CRANE. Mr. Speak­ That was in the days when trains were still provisions for February 9 but due to the er, the Danville, Ill., community is sus­ being ridden. There was lots of commuter lack of a quorum, that action did not take taining quite a loss with the retire­ traffic. Every once in a while you'd run into place. Efforts are now underway to have somebody with a big name, Jim Farley, that markup re-scheduled in the very near ment of assistant editor Bill Houpt of someone like that. future. the Commercial-News. "Doubleday Grand was the name of the The proposal the Subcommittee has Bill has been gracing the Danville store but some referred to it as a literary under consideration is at some variance with community with his journalistic pro­ hot dog stand. The people I worked with the Administration-supported bill. One fessionalism for over 30 years, and he were all young people out to conquer the change the Subcommittee is likely to make has earned the admiration of all of us city-writers, people trying to be writers, is a requirement that the Department of who have had the pleasure of knowing budding actors. I went the rounds, Time, Justice have concurrence over any certifi­ Newsweek, even the New York Times and him. the New York Herald." cate the Commerce Department would It is my privilege to offer the follow­ issue. Further, the Subcommittee is expect­ Two things helped bring about Houpt's ed to stipulate that any concern which can ing tribute to Bill Houpt, printed in return to Danville. demonstrate it has been injured by the for­ the February 21, 1982, issue of the He was advised to come back to the Mid­ mation of an ETC be permitted to recover Commercial-News. west to get more experience before assailing actual damages, but not treble damages. [From the Danville, Ill., Commercial News, a city which in the years just after World The House Banking Committee is expect­ Feb.21, 19821 War II had a glut of literary aspirants. Then his job ended, when. in a fit of com­ ed to hold comprehensive hearings on this FASCINATION WITH LoWELL THOMAS LED TO legislation this Spring and could report out passion, "I yakked myself right out of it. 35-YEAR CAREER "I got mad at the bookstore people be­ a bill soon thereafter. The Subcommittee on International Economic Policy and Trade of cause they fired the woman who was my su­ the House Committee on Foreign Affairs, He didn't want to be interviewed. pervisor for something which I thought was which held three hearings on the proposal He wanted to retire quietly, maybe with a a dirty trick. I went to the main Doubleday in 1981, is likely to report out a bill similar cake on the copy desk and a big brown mug office to tell this woman who was in charge to that which the Administration supports. of coffee to go with it, and people standing of the stores what a rotten deal that was around doing remember whens. and that I didn't want to have anything to X. Commerce Department implementation "Newspapermen shouldn't be in the do with an organization like that and when If the Export Trading Company legisla­ paper," he protested more than once, "not I got through, she said: 'Well, It's very inter­ tion is enacted, the Department of Com­ unless they're caught driving while drunk or esting to hear what you have to say. You merce will have the responsibility for pro­ making a nuisance of themselves on the may be Interested to know we were going to moting the formation of ETCs and the ad­ public square." make you manager of that store.· ministration of the antitrust certification But Bill Houpt, whose 35-plus years at "I have no regrets ... but one looks back procedure. This latter function will require The Commercial-News have taken him at things like that and wonders what might consultation with the Department of Jus­ "through the chairs" as he would put it­ have happened." tice and the Federal Trade Commission, and from fledgling reporter to political reporter Houpt was hired as a reporter by the the immediate preparation of guidelines and to city editor to managing editor and then Commercial-News in 1946, for $25 a week. regulations.• associate editor-was voted down. when George Burow was city editor. When March 18, 1982 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 4819 Burow retired in 1970 as managing editor, it be asked. And you have to persist. You can't Houpt was still in this regretful frame of was Houpt, already with 11 years as city be a shrinking violet. mind the afternoon another call came to editor behind him, who took his place. "Bringing the truth ... that's part of the newsroom. Houpt became associate editor of the paper this reformer element. If that sounds pomp­ ''This dude calls up and says he's Muham­ in February 1979, a job he held until his re­ ous I don't intend it to be. When facts and mad Ali and he wants somebody to come tirement Friday. truth are the object, that's what makes de­ down to the Grand Hotel and talk to him. Houpt, who describes retirement as "one mocracy work." "Well this is the most unlikely thing in of the last of the rituals," has never regret­ Houpt was born in 1920, son of W. R. the world. There is no reason for Muham­ ted his choice of a journalistic career. Houpt, who operated Builders Supply Co. in mad Ali to be in Danville. There is no "I would have starved to death if I'd done Danville and the former Elsie Claypool. He reason at all to believe he'd be here. There anything else. I wouldn't have been able to was married on Oct. 22, 1949, a Saturday, is no reason to believe he'd be at the Grand do anything else. If I'd had to sell insurance after work-"lt was my day to work. When Hotel. or go into business, I'd have been through it was your day you worked"-to Jane Mon­ "But I remembered my resolve: 'Widney,' right away. I'd have been in the poor ahan daughter of Danville dentist Dr. Mat­ I said Agribusiness spokesmen insist that it does, and political asylum. After years of hearings and studies by but others-former Labor Secretary Ray In the months ahead, we in Congress commissions, task forces, and the Congress, Marshall, for example-disagree. The ques­ will have the opportunity to consider a new immigration program is finally being tion has not been properly framed and the some far-reaching immigration re­ written. This legislation could lead to the data have not been gathered. forms, and I intend to press for a cap most far-reaching immigration reforms in However, should it be determined that on all immigration in those delibera­ 60 years or it could lead to nothing. But temporary foreign labor is desirable we tions. even if this round of legislative effort dies, must make sure it is temporary. Given the the issues compelling it will not, and the experience of the European Common Congress will have to face them later when Market countries, this will be difficult. Any H.R. 621 they will be even tougher. filtration out of the temporary foreign work Recently the United States has been ad­ force into the permanent populaton has to mitting legally as many as 800,000 people be counted in the 300,000. The same thing annually, and when we add even a low rea­ holds true for any other group, like stu­ HON. NORMAN D. SHUMWAY sonable figure for the illegal immigration dents, who are granted temporary residency OF CALIFORNIA we reach up over a million, numbers as large here. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES as those for the boom years of immigration The refugee question will remain the just before World War I. Then we had a tough one. In 1952 it was so tough that Con­ Thursday, March 18, 1982 population of less than 100 million. Today gress ignored it, and since then we have e Mr. SHUMWAY. Mr. Speaker, I am we stand at 230 million. seen at least 10 different refugee admission today introducing a bill that is intend­ The maintenance of our current popula­ acts, each one a stopgap. Throughout the ed to promote the conservation of tion is being achieved by reduced levels of world, there are millions of people in refu­ consumption-particularly in housing-and gee camps and tens of millions who would water-one of this Nation's most vital by the expenditure of precious resource cap­ flee their situations if they had half a natural resources. This legislation is ital. The more people there are in the chance. The United States cannot material­ made necessary by the impending United States, the faster this depletion will ly lessen this suffering by granting admis­ water shortage crisis that we will be take place and the more difficult will be the sions to our country. They are too many confronted with in the years ahead. If inevitable adjustment to living within our and our resources are too limited. preventive action is not implemented resource income. Petroleum is the usual ex­ The 150,000 or so Marielitos we got from now, water will soon be in critically ample of a non-renewable resource that Cuba in the summer of 1980 are nothing short supply for a vast segment of this Americans are wastefully depleting. The compared with what we would get if we permanent loss of prime agricultural land to opened our borders to the rest of Latin country's population. urban sprawl and the too-rapid depletion of America. The work force in the Caribbean The Water Resources Council has groundwater are but two of many further basin, which has grown by 1 million in the projected that by the year 2000, 17 examples. last 20 years, will add another 35 million in subregions in the United States, locat­ Government policy in immigration, as in the next 20. If we were to admit only ed mainly in the Midwest and South­ everything else, must be based on the world enough people to keep the population of the west, will experience severe problems as it is, not as we wish it to be. Cornucopian rest of the world from increasing, the U.S. with inadequate surface water sup­ optimists say that imminent wonders of sci­ population would reach 500 million by June ence and technology will solve problems of 1985, and 10 years from now it would be plies. Groundwater supplies are also resource depletion and crowding, but the over a billion. being depleted at an alarming rate. record of technology is uneven and unreli­ In devising and enforcing any new immi­ This groundwater overdraft results in able. We must plan our future responsibly gration policy we must avoid the persistent declining water levels, reduced stream­ and conservatively on the basis of what we American problem of racism. It is a shame­ flows, salinity intrusion, and even land have in hand. ful truth that historically racism has been subsidence. In the State of California, The number of immigrants admitted an­ the most potent single force in shaping U.S. for example, the Central Valley's land nually to the United States should be set in immigration policy, and the dark shadow of surface has subsided several feet over law so that population growth will be halted that bigotry still obscures our true immigra­ as soon as possible and a slow decline initiat­ tion problems. Does anyone believe we a fairly large area. In my own San Joa­ ed. If we hold our current vital rates, we would greet an illegal flood of Poles with quin County, the water level in the could afford a net annual immigration of the same cavalier callousness we have pumping wells has dropped 30 feet 250,000 and a gross number of admissions shown the Haitians? over the last 20 years. Among other perhaps as large as 300,000 or 325,000. The At 230 million the U.S. population is far things, this requires significantly more annual number of immigrants admitted will over optimum, given the way we live. Cur- energy to pump out this deeper 4822 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS March 18, 1982 water-an especially important consid­ PROUD TO BE AN AMERICAN the right to speak up and speak out for eration at a time when we are having what we think is right. to rethink our approach to today's We have the right to privacy in our own energy problems. HON. HAL DAUB homes and the right to assemble peacefully. One solution to the dual problems of OF NEBRASKA We may choose to go into any business, IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES compete. and make a profit. We have the inadequate surface water supplies and precious right to worship God as our heart. groundwater overdraft is to promote Thursday, March 18, 1982 soul, and mind dictate. The right to do these water-use conservation. The farming • Mr. DAUB. Mr. Speaker, this things is American liberty. We can be proud community is a good place to begin month's edition of the New Age maga­ that we live in America, the home of the such a campaign. Irrigated agriculture zine includes an article titled "Proud brave and the land of the free. alone accounts for 80 percent of all To Be an American" by Verl Teeter. In We have many symbols of freedom. such water consumed. Of this percentage, this article Mr. Teeter has concisely as the Bill of Rights-a document that guar­ an average of only 53 percent of this identifed those principles and stand­ antees individual rights and restricts gov­ water actually reaches the intended ards that make us proud to be Ameri­ ernment power. Another symbol that stands cans, and I am pleased to share his proud and vigorous is the American flag-a crop to be irrigated. In other words, flag representing liberty, independence, and almost half of the water used in agri­ fine work with my colleagues: [From the New Age, March 19821 human liberty. Every day of the year Old culture is wasted. This fact stands as Glory should be honored, respected and an embrarrassing example of ineffi­ PRoun To BE AN AMERICAN loved. cient resource management. The road to freedom has been a long and Mr. Speaker, my bill addresses this Our American Way of Life was founded difficult struggle. Only a few nations in the upon the principles of human dignity, limit­ world have been able to travel it successful­ problem by providing a 10-percent tax ed government, and personal freedom. credit for farmers who invest in irriga­ America stands for everlasting ideals; for ly. Our forefathers won the rewards of liber­ tion equipment which will make at equality of opportunity; for dignity of the ty by sacrificing their lives and their for­ individual, for maximum individual free­ tunes. Freedom, however, is simply a legacy least a 10-percent net contribution to inherited from all of the brave patriots of their onfarm water use efficiency dom, for equal justice under the law with the powers of the judiciary reserved for the the past. It is an achievement which every rate-defined as water delivered to the courts, while legislative powers remain in generation and each individual must earn farm divided by the water actually de­ the hands of Congress; and for truly repre­ and preserve throughout time. livered to the crop's root base. As an sentative government by an informed and Our Founding Fathers-Washington, Jef­ example of how this credit provision responsible electorate. We have a govern­ ferson, Franklin, Hamilton-made possible would work, take the hypothetical ex­ ment by law, not by the whim of politicians. the creation of this Nation. They fought for ample of a farmer in my home State The American Way of Life is great be­ individual dignity and freedom. These great cause it allows individuals to live according leaders were endowed with strong hearts, of California. There, the average to their own conscience as long as they re­ onfarm efficiency rate within a drain­ keen minds, abundant faith, and high ideas. spect the equal rights of other citizens to do If we are to be worthy of this great herit­ age basin is approximtely 65 percent. the same. Our political and judicial systems age, we must be equally strong, courageous If a farmer who irrigated at this effi­ permit the orderly and peaceful resolution and faithful. Patriotism, loyalty, integrity, ciency level were to install an orchard of differences by elections and court trials. self-respect, decency, honor, and hard work It is the democratic way based upon the sprinkle system with an average effi­ principles of the Constitution and a federal­ built this Country. Such ideals are the only ciency rate of 75 percent, that farmer istic, republican form of government. hope for the future. would be able to claim a 10-percent tax America was built on the virtues of hard This great source of America's economic credit on that investment because he work, thrift, and frugality. The United strength is in the competitive free enter­ is operating at a 10-percent greater States became a great nation because the prise system, consistent with the philosophy water use efficiency level. government did not hinder or stifle the ini­ of the Constitution. Our Constitution did tiative of its citizens nor restrict their inge­ not and should not subscribe to the belief The need to provide incentives for nuity. There is nothing wrong with our that the government owes anyone a living. the installation of irrigation systems American form of government. Any wrongs Instead, we should defend a way of life that that are water-use efficient stems are due to people who transfer their weak­ provides freedom for everyone who is able from their fairly high cost. For exam­ nesses, inadequacies, and faults to society as and willing to work to make the most of his ple, it costs approximately $600 to a whole. or her personal ability. It is our duty to $700 per acre to install a new irriga­ America is great because its Constitution, cherish and preserve these concepts upon history, institutions, and people are dedicat­ which our strength rests. tion system in a fruit tree orchard. ed to "Life, Liberty, and the pursuit of Hap­ Without proper incentives to install piness." American citizenship is a great Competition has been the lifeblood of our this kind of equipment, the farmer privilege and a priceless treasure-priceless productivity. It has stimulated our people to will usually prefer to continue with due to its many blessings made possible by produce more and better goods and products years of struggle and sacrifice. at a lower price. When the profit motive is the older and less efficient system. Until 20 years or so ago, America never destroyed, the incentive to work and The bill that I am introducing today sought an easy way. In the past, Americans produce is destroyed. Only under the profit is similar to earlier legislation, H.R. never wavered in defense of our own liber­ system has man attained true independence, 621, that I have presented on the same ties and the freedom of other nations. Our private ownership, personal savings and the subject. This new bill updates my ear­ citizens have given their best in defense of right to plan his own life as he so chooses. freedom. This courage in the defense of We should be proud of our many accom­ lier measure and takes into account freedom made us great, but we must be changes in our tax law mandated by plishments during the last 200 years. We aware that today there are those who would have been the most energetic, humanitarian the Economic Recovery Tax Act of weaken our Nation and pursue a policy of and the most productive nation in history­ 1981. peace at any price. Some Americans are all because we have adhered to certain Mr. Speaker, the conservation of indeed beginning to waver in defense of lib­ erty, but we can keep America the beacon of values and principles that will never die. We water needs to be accorded a high pri­ freedom if we will stand firm for the princi­ have many problems today, but we do not ority in our resource management ples that made us great. need new solutions to solve them. Instead planning. With this in mind, I would We should be proud of our heritage of lib­ we need to return to the basic principles urge my colleagues on the Ways and erty. In the United States we possess some­ upon which our Nation was founded. When Means Committee to give this bill the thing that most of the world does not we do that, we will do what is needed to have-individual freedom. In our Country, keep America great as we look to God for serious consideration that it deserves.e one has the right to choose his vocation guidance, determination and courage. May without government interference, the right God grant us the strength, wisdom, and to travel anywhere in the Nation without dedication to defend what we know to be permission of any government authority, true, just, and right in America.e March 18, 1982 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 4823 DISPOSAL OF DREDGED MATE· constituents, Mr. Verle Hunt of Mar· COMMITMENT TO SHARE RIALS IN WESTERN LONG shalltown, Iowa, has been chosen for OURSELVES WITH OTHERS ISLAND SOUND membership in 1982 in the American Cyanamid 65 Club. The name of this important pro· HON. BUTLER DERRICK HON. NORMAN F. LENT gram-which is sponsored by one of OF SOUTH CAROLINA OF NEW YORK the largest manufacturers of agricul· IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES tural chemicals-was derived from the Thursday, March 18, 1982 Thursday, March 18, 1982 fact that when the club was formed, e Mr. DERRICK. Mr. Speaker, it is • Mr. LENT. Mr. Speaker, yesterday, the average U.S. farmer produced with great pleasure that I share with March 17, 1982, the Army Corps of En· enough food and fiber for 65 persons you a speech which was written and gineers identified a site in western at home and abroad. Members of the presented by a young constituent of Long Island Sound that they have 65 Club, however, now produce much mine, Miss Leigh McGeary, a seventh judged suitable for disposal of dredged more than this. grade student at St. Marys School in materials, most of which emanate Mr. Hunt is 1 of 10 farmers in the Aiken, S.C. Miss McGeary has some from rivers in Connecticut. United States who will be r~ognized very wise thoughts for us to consider. When this idea surfaced last Octo· this year for his record of achievement ber, I joined my colleague from Long A COMMITMENT TO SHARE OURSELVES WITH as an agricultural producer and his OTHERS Island, Representative GREG CARMAN, successful practice of sound farm man· OP· Who is Committed to Share? We, as citi· in contacting the corps to express agement principles. This includes the zens of the United States of America, one of position to any plan that would permit safe, proper, and judicious use of the most powerful nations in the world, the dumping of hazardous wastes and must at all times be willing to share with toxic materials in Long Island Sound. chemicals and other modern produc· tion tools and techniques. those wh'J are not as fortunate as we are. Our concerns were incorporated in the One of the principles this country was formal hearing record which led up to Accompanied by his wife, Ellen, Mr. founded on was brotherhood. We must now yesterday's action. Hunt is in Washington this week to and in the future be willing to treat all as The simple fact is that the dumping participate in official National Agri· brothers and in doing so, we will be obeying of dredged materials at this site could culture Day ceremonies on March 18 the Golden Rule of "Do unto others as you as a member of the 65 Club. would have them do unto you." have an adverse impact on beaches What are we committed to share? We and fishing areas off the north shore Mr. Hunt's 893 acre farming oper· must share our love. John 3:16 tells us. "For of Nassau County-areas which were ation is impressive, and constitutes an God so loved the world that he gave his one reopened to shellfishing in 1978. Be· important part of the overall produc· and only son." If he loved us enough to give cause of improving water quality in tivity of the American farming com· us his only Son, shouldn't we love one an­ the area, other areas are under consid· munity. other just as much? Shouldn't we be willing eration for permanent recertification to share our love with all people no matter for shellfishing use. I believe this im· The allocation of his land include where? We must share our financial assets. provement in the water quality of the the use of 467 acres of corn with an av· We must be willing to share with countries sound was, in large part, the result of erage yield of 130 to 150 bushels per by importing their goods and in doing so, we acre; and 426 acres of soybeans with agree to export and share with them our suspending dredge spoil disposal in the goods. If we don't share, we are a selfish western part of the sound in 1973. an average yield of 45 to 49 bushels nation. Our ideas must also be shared. Certainly before any determination per acre. When we keep our ideas to ourselves, we on the use of this site is made, a de· Mr. Hunt is a hard working and ef· don't prosper. We should be willing to help tailed plan for the operation and con· fective farmer. Not only is his produc· those less fortunate than ourselves. trol of this site should be developed. tivity commendable, but so is the way When are we commited to share? We must We need a procedure to make abso· at all times be willing to share, but most of he farms. He uses new chemicals for all in times when our fellow brothers need lutely certain that only nontoxic better weed control and leaves soy· our help. Jesus told his disciples, "When I dredge spoil is disposed of at this site. bean stubble on the surface until late was hungry, ye fed me. When I was thirsty, Criteria must be adopted and rigidly spring to help reduce erosion on roll· ye gave me drink. When I was naked, ye interpreted when evaluating the suit· ing ground. clothed me." They asked of him, "How ability of dredge spoil for disposal. Productivity had a lot to do with Mr. would we know it was you?" and he an­ Monitoring to determine environmen· swered and said, "When ye have done this tal effects on water quality, benthic Hunt's selection to join the 65 Club, to the least of one of these, my brethren, ye organisms and bioaccumulation of but so did his interest and efforts in have done it unto me." Our hearts tell us we helping others. He is a member of the must share and have a commitment to toxic substances in the food chain share. should also be conducted. In this Twentieth Century Club a national educational organization. Where are we committed to share? We effort to protect the sound from harm· share with people in all nations and coun­ ful dumping, I pledge my support. Mr. Speaker, the proven productivi· tries. It is our commitment to share. We Thank you.e ty of American agriculture is a vital in· share our food with the starving children in gredient in our strength as a nation, Cambodia. We share our missionaries with both domestically and internationally. people who have never heard the word of IOWA FARMER VERLE HUNT God. We have in the past and will in the NAMED TO THE AMERICAN CY· I am pleased and honored that one future share our military ideas with nations ANAMID 65 CLUB BECAUSE OF of my constituents has been chosen not as advanced as we are. HIS OUTSTANDING PRODUC· for membership in the 65 Club. I know How are we committed to share? We share TIVITY that you and all other Members of the by giving of ourselves and our prosperity to House join with me in extending our nations not as prosperous as we are. We congratulations to Mr. Hunt for this share with them our love, money, and ideas, but most of all we share ourselves. HON. COOPER EVANS important achievement.• Last, but certainly, not least, why are we OF IOWA committed to share? We are committed to IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES share because of the principals this Nation Thursday, March 18, 1982 was founded on. We are committed to share with our fellowman all the good things that e Mr. EVANS of Iowa. Mr. Speaker, I we have. We share because of our Christian am quite proud to inform my col· heritage and our love for all mankind. John leagues in the House that one of my 15:17-Jesus commands us to "Love one an- 4824 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS March 18, 1982 other." If we love our fellowman as much as JEC FOCUS ON TRADE growth of the world economy. Trade Jesus loved us, don't we want to commit has played an important role in restor­ ourselves to share all that we have? Don't ing economic health in Western we want to help those who are hungry, who HON. GILLIS W. LONG Europe and Japan and has been very are thirsty, who are naked, and who do not OF LOUISIANA important for the rapid growth in a have as much as we do? IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES number of developing countries. The I would like to leave you with a question­ Thursday, March 18, 1982 expansion of international trade has suppose you live in Cambodia and had chil­ helped raise incomes and lower prices dren who were starving, rather than getting e Mr. LONG of Louisiana. Mr. Speak­ throughout the world. three meals a day-wouldn't you want your er, during the past decade, the United The growth in trade with the devel­ fellow man to be committed to share so that States has become much more in­ your children would not die of malnutri­ oping world has been linked to general volved with an international economy economic development. Countries such tion? No man is an island. He cannot stand that itself has grown in size and com­ alone. He must be committed and have a as Brazil, Mexico, Korea, and others, commitment to share with his fellowman. plexity. In its latest annual report to have relied on the World Bank and Ponder this question, and then ask yourself, the Congress, the Joint Economic the regional development banks to am I committed as I should be to share?e Committee suggested three parallel complement their own efforts at devel­ aproaches to trade that will help limit opment. In general terms, the develop­ the trade deficit, improve the competi­ ment banks helped create the condi­ "NO" TO LONG ISLAND SOUND tiveness of many American industries, tions in which private capital-both DUMPING and build new markets for the future. domestic and foreign-could thrive. It In part, Mr. Speaker, our current was the view of the committee mem­ trade problems are one of the many bers that sharp cutbacks in funding HON. WILLIAM CARNEY painful side effects of the current high for the development banks would, in interest rate policies. Lured by high effect, be limiting our own industrial OF NEW YORK interest rates, foreign capital has future. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES moved into the American financial markets and kept the dollar well above Over the next decade, the interna­ Thursday, March 18, 1982 tional economy will become even more the level that would limit our trade important to the United States. In our e Mr. CARNEY. Mr. Speaker, I rise to deficit. Not only have American goods annual report, we have suggested a protest a shortsighted and regrettable been priced out of foreign markets but series of steps to help keep U.S. indus­ decision by the Army Corps of Engi­ the strong dollar has also made im­ try competitive in international mar­ neers which will cost the people I rep­ ported goods much more attractive. kets. I commend our report to my col­ resent on Long Island dearly. Mr. Speaker, we have heard a great leagues for their consideration.• Yesterday, the corps formally an­ deal about the inability of U.S. auto­ nounced its decision to begin to allow mobile producers to compete with their Japanese counterparts. The A TRIBUTE TO SAM AMSTER dumping of contaminated material blame has been placed on high Ameri­ dredged out of polluted harbors close can wages, obsolete American equip­ to New York City into a new area in ment, poor American management, HON. CHARLES E. SCHUMER the western part of Long Island faulty quality control, a failure to an­ Sound. OF NEW YORK ticipate the market and several other IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES The final site chosen for this dump­ factors. Less well recognized, however, ing is immediately adjacent to the is the impact of an overvalued dollar Thursday, March 18, 1982 most productive and prime lobster and an undervalued yen. Some esti­ e Mr. SCHUMER. Mr. Speaker, I rise ground in the sound. The production mates suggest that if the yen rose to to pay tribute to an individual who has of shellfish and finfish in this part of the range of 175 to 180 to the dollar-a devoted himself to the betterment of the sound, as well as the recreational level reached in the late seventies-the his community: Sam Amster. aspects of this presently unpolluted U.S. manufacturers would oe able to With a record of service that spans area, also have been put at risk by this match Japanese prices in the Ameri­ over 20 years, Sam is truly a remarka­ decision. can market. ble individual. On March 6, 1982, Sam What is most deplorable about the High prices are not our only prob­ was honored at the Harry S. Truman corps' decision it that it puts the eco­ lem. In many fields, the United States Democratic Club annual dinner for his nomic benefit of private interests, remains competitive despite the strong outstanding dedication to our Brook­ dollar but faces foreign barriers that lyn community and for the many con­ largely marina and recreational boat­ penalize U.S. exports. The very fields tributions he has made to our neigh­ owners, ahead of the health of a far in which the United States remains borhood. larger number of people in both New most competitive, high technology and Sam Amster has dedicated his life to York and Connecticut who depend on agricultural exports, are just the fields the education of our children. He is the sound for food. most likely to face foreign discrimina­ personnel director for school board I joined with the five other members tion of one kind or another. Existing district No. 21, has served as an elected of the Long Island delegation in pro­ U.S. strength in internationally pro­ member of community school board testing this plan when it was put out vided services is also being challenged No. 22 for the past 9 years, and has for public comment last November. I by overseas competitors who threaten served as chairman of the board of Ye­ deeply regret that the corps has seen to limit U.S. participation in their shiva Rahtazd. Sam is always working fit to ignore the interests of the people markets. In our latest report, the for the betterment of our future gen­ of Long Island we represent. members of the Joint Economic Com­ erations. This is a dangerous and potentially mittee urged the administration to I am not the first and will surely not disastrous decision. I would join in any focus their efforts on reducing bar­ be the last to pay tribute to Sam. He effort to reverse this decision if it is riers to U.S. high technology exports has previously been honored by the possible.e and continue their emphasis on pre­ Association of Jewish Orthodox serving the U.S. role in international Teachers, B'nai B'rith, and the Brook­ services. lyn College Student Association of Over the course of the post-World Education Administrators. War II era, the growth in internation­ Sam has been active in other areas al trade has outstripped the overall of community work as well. He has March 18, 1982 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 4825 served as a member of community [From the Washington Times, Mar. 8. 19821 It is only when we have these ingredients planning board No. 18 for 10 years, NUCLEAR FAMILY AS AN IRREPLACEABLE ORGAN that we have the optimal conditions for cre­ has helped send local handicapped ating healthy human beings. And, it is not just the children who need these processes. children to summer camp, and is cur­ As we try to manage our natural re­ It is only when these conditions exist for rently on the board of directors for sources, we have gradually learned that dif­ the adults. too, that they can be truly ful­ Congregation B'nai Israel of Midwood. ferent resources must be managed different­ ly. filled and experience the joy and develop­ In spite of all the time he has spent For example, we learned about a century ment that life can offer. working in the community, Sam has ago that our forests were a limited resource, It is important to realize that when mar­ been a model father, dedicated to his but that they are renewable in a generation riages are terminated through divorce, or two, and we have developed rather effec­ abuse and other forms of instability, many children, Jeffrey, Elyse, and Seth. of the complex and delicate conditions that Sam is a model man of great quality tive strategies for this and many other re­ newable resources. We also have learned, in are essential in the husband-wife and and we, in Brooklyn, are proud to call the last decade or two, that we have limited parent-child relationships are shattered. him one of our own.e and nonrenewable resources in areas such as While it is possible to make do with sub­ energy and ozone, and we need to deal with stitutes through remarriage, the ties with these in different ways. the parents are fragmented as the child ESSENTIAL FAMILIES We are only beginning to understand that tries to move from one to the other. And, at­ social systems such as the family are a dif­ tempts to create new and deeply meaningful ferent kind of resource and require unique relationships with the strangers their par­ strategies. ents marry are difficult and frequently inef­ HON. NORMAN D. SHUMWAY Many have assumed, for example, that fective. It is second-best, and it leaves per­ OF CALIFORNIA the family is a hand-me-down method of manent scars on everyone involved. doing things that could probably be re­ CLEARLY, THE BEST WAY IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES placed with a better system-such as doing These are some of the psychological rea­ Thursday, March 18, 1982 away with marriage and family life or re­ placing them with some agency funded by sons that marriage and family life are im­ e Mr. SHUMWAY. Mr. Speaker, in the government. I think the family is an es­ portant and why they are clearly the best their clean white laboratories, the sential part of our social fabric. It is one of way to live life. And, when the psychological and social social scientists of the world have long the most basic foundation stones upon which organized and civilized society rests; reasons are combined, we have a conclusive sought an alternative to the family. and it cannot be eliminated. argument for strong families. We have the The family, they think, is a singularly It is a fairly adaptable institution, and it reasoning that should help us understand messy way to go about the business of can and should be modified to accommodate that the family is an indispensable national child-raising. itself to new technologies and social condi­ resource that needs attention-considerably For one thing, the family breeds in­ tions, but its basic ingredients-marriage, more attention than it has received in the equality. Not all parents are equally parenthood, childhood, emotional bonding, past. gifted, equally educated, equally dedi­ domestic relationships, and intergenera­ Several conclusions emerge from sociologi­ tional ties-are so essential that the welfare cal analysis of marriage and family. One ob­ cated to the task of character forma­ of our society and our survival as a civiliza­ vious conclusion is that societies cannot last tion. The social scientists have noted tion are dependent on them . . . and we without them. The societies would disinte­ that these inequalities are carried over would be well advised to give more attention grate by not having an orderly method of from generation to generation, despite to how we manage them. getting new people and not meeting the the best the schools and opinion­ CRAZY ABOUT THE CHILD needs of the people or the societies. makers can do. Thus, if we are ever to There are many psychological reasons Another conclusion is that people from reach true equality, reason these that marriage and family life are the best Plato to Marx have tried to invent systems social engineers, the family has to go. way to organize humanity; and that the sub­ to replace the family, and they have tried to stitutes are, at best, dismal and unsat­ marriage and the family. It is Impossible. about the clinicians of our own day. isfying. Just like the creature that has webbed feet The genealogy of those opposed to the Urie Bronfenbrenner and his colleagues' and a flat bill; they can call It something family is long indeed, and very distin­ <"Who Cares for America's Children?", else if they like, but it is still a duck. guished. Plato is the first recorded op­ 1976> long-term studies of how children de­ People can argue all they want that they ponent of the family, and he certainly velop in different nations have demonstrat­ can replace the family, or that the world is brings a certain prestige to this point ed that several things are essential if we are flat, or that ducks don't quack, but time, ex­ to raise healthy, well-adjusted children. perience and scholarly analysis all argue of view. Others who shared his view of Some of these essentials are well under­ that the real quackery is In not recognizing the harmful influence of family life stood, such as good nutrition and proper ex­ the central role of the family in soclety.e were Jean-Jacques Rousseau, and Karl ercise and the opportunity to learn and Marx. Their heirs abound today, on grow. the campuses of our universities and One of the other essentials is not as uni­ JOHN CALDWELL CALHOUN the think-tank hothouses. versally understood. It is that children need people who care for them in "nonrational" Unfortunately, for all their tinker­ ways. They need adults who are so wrapped ing, none of these well-intentioned up in the child, so attracted to it, so wild HON. BUTLER DERRICK egalitarians has ever come up with a about it, that the child is deeply loved in a OF SOUTH CAROLINA system to displace the family. The way that cannot be bought at any price. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES conclusion might be that the family is, In Bronfenbrenner's view, the key adults in fact, indispensable to the mainte­ in the child's life need to be so "crazy" Thursday, March 18, 1982 nance of a stable social order. At least, about the child that they are willing to nur­ e Mr. DERRICK. Mr. Speaker, it is ture, tend, help, assist, nurse, guide, watch no stable civilization has ever existed and invest themselves in ways they will my privilege and honor today to com­ without it. pursue only if their relationship is centered memorate the 200th anniversary of That is exactly the conclusion come around non-economic, non·rational, non­ the birth of John Caldwell Calhoun. A to by Dr. Wesley Burr, president of commercial non-business and non-paycheck native South Carolinian, this great the National Council on Family Rela­ matters. It has to be an emotional attach­ stateman made his home at Fort Hill tions, who makes some excellent ment that comes from committing one's self Plantation, on which now stands points about the family and its role in to values and goals and beliefs that connect Clemson University. the child to the adult in a type of bond that Calhoun dedicated his life to the socialization and social preservation in is unique to humans. an article in the new newspaper the We call it parenthood. It happens when a service of his State and country. After Washington Times. I ask unanimous man and woman come together as one in serving in the South Carolina Legisla­ consent that Dr. Burr's column be body, spirit, mind and life, and invest them- ture, he was elected to the U.S. House printed at this point in the REcoRD. selves in each other and their children. of Representatives, where he acted as 4826 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS March 18, 1982 chairman of the Committee on For­ street, the Allen Brothers. In fact, countries that televise the proceedings eign Affairs. there were no paved streets in the city of their legislative chambers. This in­ Calhoun's distinguished career did until 1897 when Franklin Avenue was cludes our good neighbor, Canada, as not end in the legislature. He was ap­ spread with asphalt. well as West Germany and Japan. pointed Secretary of War by President By the time Wilkerson was seven, The Canadian Parliament, I under­ Monroe and elected Vice President telephone service in Houston had ex­ stand, has cut back on its desk-thump­ under President Jackson. He returned panded to 265 customers and 6 street­ ing since the advent of televised cover­ to the legislature as a U.S. Senator car lines laid on 14 miles of track. age in 1977. This time-honored tradi­ where he was described as "constantly Three years later, the population of tion began to wither away as Members attentive to the public business and the city had grown to all of 27,557-a grew self-conscious before the cam­ whatever were his views upon banking, mere fraction of its size today. eras. public lands, or foreign relations, he At the age of 19, following in his fa­ I do not think we have lost anything voiced them in a manner which proved ther's steps as a coachman, Reverend comparable in the way of tradition in his concern with sound government Wilkerson went to work for T. K. this House. What we have gained is a for the whole country." Dixon. For over 50 years, he was a closer connection to our constituency, I hope you will join me in celebrat­ friend and driver to the Dixon family. the ability to spend more time working ing the contributions of John C. Cal­ It was a tenure served well and faith­ in our offices, and more familiarity on houn. I have great pride in the knowl­ fully, say his former employers. the part of staff and Members with edge that he once represented the Then Mr. Wilkerson turned to a new parliamentary procedure. area which has evolved into my con­ profession. Studying under Rev. U. S. Most importantly, we have brought gressional district. Certainly, we can Dickey of the Friendship Fellowship the proceedings of the House into learn much from this man about Baptist Church, Charles Wilkerson American households. We have pro­ whom President Adams referred to as became Rev. Charles Wilkerson. For duced a visual and audio counterpart "of fair and candid mind, of honorable years to follow, his gravel-voiced ser­ to the CONGRESSIONAL RECORD that is principles, of clear and quick under­ mons could be heard ringing out on an open book. standing, of cool self-possession, of en­ Sundays in the church. This was our aim, the compelling larged philosophical views, and of Now retired, Reverend Wilkerson re­ reason for my subcommittee's report ardent patriotism."• sides in Houston with his stepdaugh­ recommending adoption of the present ter, Mary McLemore. I have to thank House broadcasting system. REV. CHARLES H. WILKERSON- him for staying, helping and watching I am pleased that our recommenda­ 100 YEARS OLD the city continue to grow. He is the tions resulted in television coverage living testimonial to the history of a that has not disrupted House floor great city and it is an honor he bears proceedings and has become an accept­ HON. MICKEY LELAND admirably. He never rebuffs those who ed part of the legislative process.e OF TEXAS gather around him for stories of "the IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES old days"; he has a veritable treasure chest of them. Reverend Wilkerson is Thursday, March 18, 1982 a proud reminder of the Houston that RETIREMENT OF TERRY MIN­ e Mr. LELAND. Mr. Speaker, the his­ was and a symbol of the Houston that SHULL, MAYOR PRO TEM OF tory of any city is much more than the is. Please join me in congratulating PASO ROBLES, CALIF. careful recording of an event, a time, a Rev. Charles Wilkerson in celebrating place. It is people. Ralph Waldo Emer­ 100 productive years of life.e son said it best: "There is properly no HON. LEON E. PANETTA history; only biography." People shape OF CALIFORNIA HAPPY ANNIVERSARY HOUSE TV the events. People choose the times IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES and people name the places. For that reason, it is with a special HON. GILLIS W. LONG Thursday, March 18, 1982 reverence and pleasure today that I e Mr. PANETTA. Mr. Speaker, after congratulate Rev. Charles H. Wilker­ OF LOUISIANA serving on the Paso Robles City Coun­ son on his upcoming 1OOth birthday. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES cil since he was first elected in 1970, Reverend Wilkerson is walking, living, Thursday, March 18, 1982 Terry Minshull has decided not to breathing history. He is the history of • Mr. LONG of Louisiana. Mr. Speak­ seek reelection. As mayor pro tern, a city, the history of Houston. er, 3 years ago this week, the televi­ Terry has played a key role in the tre­ On March 26, 100 years ago, Charles sion-viewing public gained access to mendous progress that city has made Wilkerson was born in Houston's floor proceedings of the House of Rep­ in the past decade, and he can be second ward neighborhood. The Hous­ resentatives. proud of the work he has done. ton known by Charles Wilkerson's par­ This birthday anniversary is an occa­ Terry first came to Paso Robles with ents, Annie and Peter, was a different sion that calls for celebration. It pleas­ his parents when he was only 8 years place than the booming, metropolis we es me that the pluses of this endeavor old. He attended schools in Paso know today. It was 1882-the same have far outweighed any anticipated Robles and has been active in the city year that Houston Electric Power Co. minuses. throughout his life. In 1962, he joined was granted its first franchise. Tele­ A great deal of credit for the success the fire department, and he has con­ phone service came to town only 1 of the system goes to CHARLIE RosE, tinued to serve with the department, year later when Houston was connect­ who worked tirelessly to assure high where he is now captain. ed with Galveston. quality transmission from the House As a city council member, Terry Reverend Wilkerson's mother, a floor. Minshull has been involved in key seamstress, saved enough money to JACK BROOKS, whose Select Commit­ policy areas. and he has chaired the send her son to the Lucinda Perry tee on Congressional Operations per­ San Luis Obispo County Area Council School. After fourth grade, young Wil­ formed the initial broadcasting trials, of Governments and the San Luis kerson finished his education in paved the way for the venture. Obispo Airport Land Use Committee. Waller County. During those years, C-Span deserves thanks for making He has also been active in the Jaycees Reverend Wilkerson remembers, Main House broadcasting widely available and served as president of the Rotary Street was constructed entirely of through its public affairs network. Club in 1976-77. wood. He recalls the people who And so it was that 3 years ago we Mr. Speaker, the people of Paso chopped the lumber to build the joined the ranks of other democratic Robles will miss Terry. His great con- March 18, 1982 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 4827 tributions will long be remembered, be of major importance. Almost all thrift in­ FSLIC is not taxable. whereas the losses of and I know the entire city joins me in stitutions have developed the illness, albeit the institutions are deductible, the parent hoping that his decision not run for some far more severely than others. corporations could realize considerable tax reelection does not mean that his According to data published in the No­ breaks over the same 10 year period. vember 5th issue of National Thrift News, Direct and indirect. the amount of federal years of service are over. There contin­ durmg the first six months of 1981, only in aid in this one instance was thus immense ues to be a great need for a man of Nevada was the savings compared to total book FSLIC assets of $6.9 Terry's experience and knowledge and loan industry profitable. Furthermore, billion . The about the city's affairs, and I know he the rate of loss was such that if it continues "bellwether" is now out to pasture, but a has a great deal more to contribute.e the e.11tire industry in the state of New York precedent has been set which cannot possi­ would run out of book surplus in approxi­ bly be lived up to in terms of potential fund mately 19 months, in Illinois in less than expenditures. four years, and in most other major states The second method of a.•;sistance applied FEDERAL AID TO TROUBLED in approximately five years. In October. by the FSLIC in the case of troubled savings THRIFTS 1981 the S&L industry lost $766 million. and loans was the income capital certificate ending the month with surplus of $28.5 bil­ announced by the FSLIC on Septem­ lion. At that rate the entire industry has ber 7, 1981 and utilized by the FSLIC four HON. BARNEY FRANK only 37 months of remaining surplus. days later to assist in the merger of the Franklin Society Federal Savings and Loan OF MASSACHUSETTS Although the focus of this article is on savings and loans, the illness has not been and the First Federal Savings and Loan As­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES limited to that industry. The November sociation of Rochester, New York. ICCs are certificates issued by the S&Ls Thursday, March 18, 1982 lOth issue of the American Banker, in re­ porting earnings for New York City savings to the FSLIC in exchange for cash. Annual e Mr. FRANK. Mr. Speaker, the cover banks, reported that a considerable number redemption payments and annual dividend of this week's edition of Newsweek of banks were losing money in the third or interest payments thereon are both re­ magazine carries the boldface headline quarter at a rate which would consume quired based on percentages on the net income of the issuing assoication. if there "How Safe Are Your Savings?" It is in­ their book surplus within two years. Furthermore, some would say that thus are any. creasingly clear that the health of our From the standpoint of the FSLIC. the Nation's thrift institutions has passed far this analysis, by concentrating on book surplus, has painted the most rosy possible ICC did little to avoid the problems of the from the realm of speculation by fi­ image of the condition of thrifts. Practically Citizens package in that the amount of nancial analysts to a subject of inter­ no thrift could sell its assets anywhere near FSLIC funds utilized remained at unsustain­ est and concern to the average citizen. book value, the market value surplus of able levels. if assistance is required for a The distinguished chairman of the almost all thrifts already being negative. At substantial number of institutions. a recent conference, Richard Kopcke, vice From the standpoint of the institutions Committee on Banking, Finance and receiving the aid, however, both the Citizens Urban Affairs, Congressman ST GER­ president of the Federal Reserve Bank of package and the ICC represented real assist­ MAIN, has announced hearings on the Boston, estimated the amount of federal as­ sistance necessary to restore thrifts to ade­ ance-actual cash payments to offset the state of the thrift industry and pro­ quate health at $100 billion. capital or income deficits of the acquired in­ posals to provide assistance. Members stitutions. owe a debt of gratitude to Chairman Fortunately or unfortunately, and it prob­ What the FSLIC clearly needed was a way ably is a little bit of both, no one in the of cutting problem savings and loans off at ST GERMAIN for his efforts to address Reagan Administration has yet acknowl­ this problem which, so far, the Reagan the pass before they required direct injec­ edged there is an acute problem. to Citizens Savings and Loan 16th issue of Barron's, for example, carried Association of San Francisco, California, Carr's article in the RECORD at this the story of the Guaranty Federal Savings point. which itself is a subsidiary of National Steel and Loan Association of Galveston. Texas. Corporation. Although the story is incomplete. we learn [From the Savings Banker. February 19821 According to reports in Forbes magazine, that a "$370 million" savings and loan sold during the next three years National Steel "a slug of mortgages carrying face values to­ F'EDI;JI.AL AID TO TROUBLED THRIFTS-WHEN will inject $75 million into the two failed Is NOTHING SOMETHING OR SOMETHING taling $300 million at discounts of 17% and savings and loans which were merged with NOTHING? up," thereby netting "more than $160 mil­ Citizens. In return the FSLIC agreed to lion in cash"-which it used primarily to cover the spread of portfolio losses of the buy a "new portfolio of home loans from 32 Each day the papers carry stories of two institutions for a period of 10 years. sellers in 40 states, plus Ginny Maes." In so thrifts merged by one of the Federal deposit Forbes estimated the current cost of the doing, the Guaranty converted its annual insurers in order to prevent their demise. A spread at $10 million a month. operations from a loss to a profit basis. review of the procedures used by the insur­ Such estimates are, of course, only very Reading between the lines, what seeming­ ers thus seems warranted. rough because the spread is heavily depend­ ly resulted was an association with assets Bluntly, the illness that has stricken the ent on future interest rate trends. Indeed, equal to approximately two-thirds of its li­ thrift industry is of immense dimensions. many such deals will make the future sol­ abilities. deferred losses being the offsetting Many institutions remain alive today only vency of the FSLIC as dependent on favor­ item, and carrying an annual charge to op­ because of their hookup to the Federal able interest rate movements as is the erations of at least several hundred basis "heart and lung" machine, public confi­ future of most savings and loans points for quite a few years into the future dence in deposit insurance having proven to In addition, inasmuch as the aid from the in order to amortize the deferred loss. 4828 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS March 18, 1982 Nevertheless, one can argue that account­ apparent need to provide direct financial as­ operating in the red and with assets of far ants should support such procedures be­ sistance to an institution which probably less market value than cover liabilities, as cause they clarify the size of the real gap really requires it. having few difficulties. These agencies have between assets and liabilities, a fact which Another method of putting today's prob­ done wonders to keep the industry and the remains hidden under conventional account­ lem off until tomorrow is "purchase money" FSLIC afloat without aid. ing procedures. . Furthermore, as long as the eral Savings and Loan Association of all when it comes to what ails the industry. asset trading is prudent, the institution im­ Broward County, Florida by the Glendale Although it is increasingly recognized that proves its real earnings as well as its book Federal Savings and Loan of California. the fundamental problem of thrift institu­ earnings through portfolio improvement, The takeover was assisted by the FSLIC tions is that they unwittingly speculated in and thereby ends up the period of life of the in two ways: interest rate movements and lost. the original asset in better condition than it First, the FSLIC agreed to assume a por­ FSLIC is much more wittingly and with would have if the asset had not been sold. tion of the future rate risk on the acquisi­ much more leverage transferring the risk of In this sense such procedures underscore tion in that if rates rise, the FSLIC will future rate movements to itself. the inadequacy of current accounting meth­ make specified payments to Glendale. If Furthermore. it is a recognized principle ods in inflationary periods of rising interest rates fall, Glendale will make payments to of loan administration that you take a loss rates. the FSLIC. rather than continually capitalizing it, But deferred accounting of losses, now in Second, as noted, Glendale was authorized thereby pyramiding the problem with the widespread use, represents just what the hope that things will get better. Yet the name implies-deferral of a problem. It is a to utilize "purchase money" accounting. In this technique the undervalued assets ac­ basic FSLIC strategy has been to postpone gamble. If things go well, by spreading out today's problems until tomorrow. the problem a crisis is minimized or avoided. quired are written down to market value. On the balance sheet this loss is offset by One could be far more supportive of the If, however, things get worse, the savings strategy of "buying time" if the time were and loan of tomorrow could face a double an equal asset labeled "goodwill." The loss whammy; tomorrow's problems accompa­ on assets is recouped over their asset life, being used more constructively. Thus far nied by a postponed portion of today's prob­ while the goodwill is written off over a the federal superstructure. despite the com­ lems. much longer period, normally 40 years. mendable efforts of Chairman Pratt and the Furthermore, use of this technique often Thus the initial impact on earnings is very FHLBB to promote necessary changes, has involves further speculation in interest rate favorable; yet once again the day of reckon­ done little to restructure the asset powers of movements, the phenomenon which got ing is being put off, as many years later the thrifts in order to reduce vulnerability to thrifts sick in the first place. In theory such S&L will still be amortizing goodwill against future shocks. accounting procedures make the most sense earnings while no longer having any of the If interest rates come down and stay if they enable the thrift to shorten its aver­ assets around. down, the FSLIC will have dodged a whole age asset life, which is not, however, re­ When· it comes to time span, "purchase machine gun's output of bullets. But if a 30· quired. But the institution which takes the money" accounting thus represents a fur­ year history of rising interest rates contin­ loss and shortens the average asset life at a ther breakthrough. Deferred treatment of ues, in order to preserve one administra­ period of peak interest rates, when the pres­ losses enables a spread of approximately 12 tion's myth that there is nothing wrong sure is greatest to do so, will further weaken years in most cases, depending on the life of with thrift institutions that requires real itself vis-a-vis an institution which makes it the original assets, while "purchase money" government help, this administration will through the peak period, then takes its loss accounting increases the possible spread to have left the next with a problem which when rates are down somewhat.