VOL. XIX No. 10 October, 1964 INFORMATION ISSUED BY THE ASSOCIATION OF JEWISH REFUGEES IN GREAT BRITAIN a FAIRFAX MANSIONS, FINCHLEY RD. (corner Fairfax Rd). London, N.W.S Ollice and Consulting Hours: Ttlephona : MAIda Vala 9096/7 (General Office and Welfare for the Aged). Monday to Thursday lOa.m.—tp.m. 3—6p.m. MAIda Vale 4449 (Employment Agencv. annually licensed by the L.C.C.. and Social Services Dept.) Friday 10 a.m.—1 p.m.

they will remain in Germany for the rest of their lives. The " Spiegel" has already JEWS IN GERMANY TODAY reported that this re-immigration virtually stopped in 1960, partly because those who Facts and Figures wanted to return had by then done so and partly because fresh antisemitic incidents made other potential returnees change their mind. The special library " Germania Judaica " in owing to fresh outbreaks of antisemitism in The article closes with a detailed analysis Cologne, whose organisation and aims were the Eastern countries, vast numbers of of the available figures on the present Jewish briefly reported in the September 1963 edition Eastern Jewish survivors should have fled to population of Germany. These are, however, ?f " AJR Information ", has devoted a recent Germany of all places, particularly to Bavaria. not entirely reliable because many of the jssue of its bulletin to a detailed study entitled They were given shelter in D.P. camps fir.st returnees have kept their foreign passports— Jews in Germany Today". It contains under the auspices of U.N.R.R.A. and later quite a few of them come and go—and also several very informative articles contributed I.R.O. The October 1946 census revealed that because a fairly large percentage of them do •'y Jews living .in Germany, including one from the total population of the four occupied zones not officially belong to one of the new Jewish ^ schoolboy whose parents returned there and Berlin was 65,195,200; of these 156,705 communities; while Jews are again living in from Israel. A whole series of case histories were Jews of whom not less than 112,013 were over 500 German localities, only 80 of these <^f German-born Jews, wh(3—either singly or in D.P. camps. As mentioned in the " Spiegel " localities have Jewish communities. *ith their families—resettled in Germany report, many of these left the camps and ^ter the war, depicts the difficulties of settled in Germany, and until 1950 about a i"eadjustment. thousand of them had married non-Jewish A Dying Cominunity 9^ particular interest is a thorough socio­ women. The development of the recon­ As already stated, there are few children logical study by Harry Maor on the Jewish stituted Jewish communities on German soil and young people. At present only 400 Jews inhabitants of present-day Germany. In was mainly the work of these originally non- aged between 16 to 20 live in Germany; of many respects it supplements the recent German Jews. Not only were they, as the Jews aged between 21 and 30, hardly P report on the same subject by " Der Spiegel", foreigners, particularly anxious to build up a single one is of German-Jewish origin. In extracts of which were published in our issue society to which they belonged, but most of 18 communities the number of persons over 01 September 1963. Maor states that German them were conscious and often religious Jews. 70 years of age exceeds that in the up to 20 Jewish communities today are composed of Of the three groups they were, moreover, years age group. All these figures point to three distinctive elements: (1) those Jews virtually the only ones who had children and the conclusion that there has been no real ^"0 managed to survive the Nazi regime in were desirous of bringing them up in the renaissance of a Jewish minority in Germany Germany; (2) Eastem Jews, mainly former Jewish tradition. Along with the interest in and that their almost complete disappearance jr-P-s, who remained in Germany after the the newly founded community, they also took is only a question of time. This confirms the "Deration and (3) German Jews who returned a burning interest in the State of Israel, and historical fact that Jews who have left a 3«er the war. it is no accident that usually meetings and other functions of the Jewish communities country because of persecution, usually do would end with the singing of the Hatikva. not return to that country, nor do their Survivors and D.P.s children find the way back to the country of A real amalgamation between the surviving their ancestors. For this reason the centre German Jews and the resident D.P.s could of Jewish life has shifted so dramatically With regard to the first group, it is esti- hardly take place, not only owing to the during the last three generations: while ?iated that about 15,000 people classified as difference of background but also because the before the Second World War approximately Jews by the Nazis were alive in Germany when former intended to remain in Germany for ten million Jews—about 60 per cent of all the regime collapsed. Of these 28 per cent good while the latter considered their stay as Jews—lived in Europe, today only approxi­ *ere partners of so-called " privileged mixed temporary and were thinking of leaving mately four million—about one-third—live on 'narriages ", i.e., of marriages whose children Germany again sooner or later. As far as it European soil. Of these the largest group, *ere brought up as Christians. About 23 per is possible to generalise, even those former the two and a half million Jews in Russia, cent were the Jewish partners of " non- D.P.s who became economically well estab­ might to a great extent have emigrated if they Pnvileged mixed marriages " who either had lished in Germany, did not try to integrate were allowed to do so. '^o children or whose children were brought into the society of their non-Jewish neigh­ ^P as Jews. A further 18 per cent survived bours, probably because many of them could Underground, either with false papers or not forgive the past persecution and suffer­ Jjiuden by non-Jewish relatives and friends, ings at the hands of Nazi Germany. At present ' THANK-YOU BRITAIN ' FUND ^nly about 8,000 of these 15,000 survivors about 6,000 Jewish former D.P.s are still living became members of the new Jewish conmiuni- in Germany. In the leading article of our September ^'6S and about 3,000 of them are probably issue we gave a short report on the ' Thank-you Britain' Fund, the administra­ lead by now, a fact which is not surprising The Retumees Since the average age of the group was 55 tive part of vi'hich is being looked after by ^^ars in 1945. The vast majority had only The third group, the returnees, is numeric­ our Association. In the meantime the first *ery loose ties with Judaism and but for the ally the largest one, about half of all Jews batch of appeal letters has been dispatched '"acial persecution many of them might not now living in Germany, i.e., approximately ^^en have considered themselves as Jews any and we are glad to report that the response 10,000 to 12,000, have returned from abroad. has been very encouraging. At the time longer, with their limited interest in and The majority of this group, again, consists of Knowledge of Jewish affairs, they could not elderly and old people, mainly those who had of going to press it is too early to give any pe expected to contribute much to the rebuild- not succeeded in settling properly during the exact figures and information, but we ^§ of Jewish communities, quite apart from years of their emigration. It is calculated that would ask all those members of the AJR ^ne fact that hardly a single Jewish teacher nearly 45 per cent of the group are fifty years who have not received an appeal letter to ^^ reader (cantor)—to say nothing of a rabbi or older. A large proportion returned to write to the Association, as apparently Was found among the survivors. Germany for " retirement" and live on some seem to have gone astray. It was As regards the second group, not less than indemnification pensions, often because these obviously technically impossible to des­ *5.000 liberated former inmates of concen­ are worth more in Germany than in the tration camps lived in Germany at the end of country where they lived before. Not a few patch all the many thousand appeal letters ^•^S. It must seem almost paradoxical that. of them are, moreover, uncertain whether at the same time. Page 2 AJR INFORMATION October, 1964

" IDYLLIC " THERESIENSTADT COMPENSATION FOR VICTIMS OF NAZI A Nazi propaganda film portraying the Theresienstadt concentration camp as an idyllic resettlement centre for the Jews oi Czechoslovakia has been discovered in tne PERSECUTION NOW U.K. CITIZENS attic of a house near Theresienstadt. The film shot under duress by Herr Kurt The Standing Conference of British 9th June, 1964. This includes persons who Gerron, a well-known Berlin film director wno became naturalized U.K. citizens between was a prisoner at the camp, was shown in Organisations for Aid to Refugees has sent us German cinemas during the war under the the following important Memorandum : the time of persecution and 1st October, title "Der Fuehrer schenkt den Juden eine August, 1964. 1953. Stadt." . , 1. One of the gaps in the arrangements for Thits, former refugees who were perse­ About three-fifths of the film have survived, compensation for Nazi persecution has been cuted by the Nazis and who became showing workshops, a home for the aged, a affecting persons who were foreign rmturalized U.K. citizens before 1st October, women's communal centre (that never existed), nationals at the time they were persecuted, 1953, may apply for registration under this the central baths and the library, as well as but who received United Kingdom Fund. a number of activities such as lectures, a naturalization subsequently. Many of them staged football match and girls working on had become refugees after the war, but, 5. Applications for registration must be sent farm plots. if they had received U.K. naturalization to the Under-Secretary of State, Foreign Among the audience at a lecture shown in before 1st October, 1953, were no longer Office, London, S.W.l, from whom the full the film can be seen Rabbi Dr. Leo BaecK, legally " refugees " on that date, and were, particulars and application forms can be Rabbi Dr. Friediger and Rabbi Dr. Neuhaus. therefore, not eligible for the U.N.H.C.R. obtained. Please note that registration of A concert conducted by Karel Ancerl, today Indemnification Fund. At the same time, claims closes on 31st July, 1965. principal conductor of the Czechoslovak Phil­ since they had not been U.K. nationals at harmonic Orchestra, also shown in the film, the time they were persecuted, it was not includes among the audience the composer, known whether they would be eligible for BERICHTIGUNG Hans Krasa and the sculptor, Rudolf SaudeK. any eventual arrangements for the com­ Commenting on the film, Karl Ancerl said: pensation of persons who were U.K. In der Darstellung der BRueG-Novelle "The hall, which had served as a hospital, nationals at the time of the persecution (Sonderbeilage zu der Septembernummer) had to be cleared specially for the concert (Channel Islanders, etc.). befinden sich in dem " Beispiel 5 " auf Seite 4 Several hundred patients were simply gassed • Following the Agreement of 9th June, leider einige Fehler. Richtig muss es Mr. Frantisek Fuchs, another former heissen: Theresienstadt inmate and now vice-chairman 1964, between the British and German of the Council of Jewish Communities, added: Governments, whereby the German Govern­ Beispiel 5. " To clear sufficient space for interior shots ment agreed to pay one million pounds to Festgestellte Gesamtforderung DM 60,000. the Nazis sent 5,000 prisoners to the gas the British Government to benefit U.K. Auf grund des Bescheides gezahlt DM 20,000. chambers ".—(J.C.) nationals who were victims of Nazi perse­ Ferner gezahlt DM 10,000. cution, the British Government has taken Auf grund Alters gezahlt DM 15,000. BELSEN GRAVE DISCOVERED steps to close this gap so as to give such Mit dem Inkrafttreten faellig einschliesslich former refugees a possibility of receivng der bisherigen Zahlungen DM 55,000, wie The remains are to be reburied later this some compensation for their suffering. im Beispiel 4, also effectiv zu zahlen year of hundreds of victims murdered by tne 2. This new Fund is for the benefit of U.K. DM 10,000. Nazis in the Belsen death camp, which have nationals who, as a result of Nazi measures been discovered in a hitherto unknown mass Wegen der restlichen DM 5,000 gilt dasselbe grave near the Belsen memorial. of persecution, suffered loss of liberty or wie im Beispiel 4. damage to their health, or, in the case of those who died in consequence of such Ebenfalls auf Seite 4 muss es im 2. Absatz DACHAU MEMORIAL measures, for the benefit of their depen­ der rechten Spalte, Zeile 3 von unten, It is hoped that work in transforming the dants. heissen " von der Machtuebernahme", nicht " vor der Machtuebernahme ". site of the Dachau concentration camp into a 3. For the purpose of this Fund, Nazi perse­ memorial will have been completed by spring cution means treatment by the Nazis for next year, in time for the commemoration oi the 20th anniversary of the camp's liberation. reasons of race, religion, nationality, SHADOWS OF THE PAST political views or political opposition to Two of the remaining barracks in whicn prisoners were confined will be retained and Nazism, involving detention in a concen­ Trials tration camp or an institution where con­ turned into a museum. Construction of a small ditions were comparable with those in a synagogue is to begin shortly and the Evange­ concentration camp. Hardship) suffered in Dr. von Krannhals, of Lueneburg, an expert lical Church is to build a house of worship a normal civilian prison, civilian intern­ on contemporary history, gave evidence against next to the Roman Catholic chapel already ment camp, P.O.W. camp, etc., does not con­ Himmler's former adjutant. General Wolff, erected at the site. stitute persecution for this purpose. Nor charged with complicity in the murder of The Dachau Memorial Committee are expect­ does loss of pjoperty or any form of mone­ 300,000 Jews. He told a court in Munich that ing representatives from 20 countries . to tary or econ()mic loss. German armed forces had tried to prevent participate in the commemoration ceremomes^ the S.S. from killing Jews in Poland. The Applications cannot be registered from exterminations had led to sharp differences. persons who have already received com­ " It is a grotesque untruthfulness that former Don't suffer from tiie effects of DRY AIR caused by pensation for the same persecution from S.S. leaders claim at trials today they had other funds provided by Germany. never known about exterminations," he said. Central-Heating 4. The person persecuted must have been a U.K. national or British subject (or, but The euthanasia trial at Limburg has been for his prior death, would have been) on adjourned sine die, after medical evidence that only hospital treatment could save the life of the only defendant still available to stand trial. Dr. Hans Hefelmann. Two Your Nous* for:— of the other three defendants killed themselves CURTAINS, CARPETS, LINO, and the thir(i. Dr. Bernhard Bohne, is believed UPHOLSTERY to be in South America. At a Frankfurt trial a Nazi telegram supplied by the archives of the West German Foreign SPICIAUTY Ministry was read. It stated that the Jewish population near the summer palace of Admiral CONTINENTAL DOWN Horthy, then the Hungarian Chief of State, were deported "because Horthy did not like to see Jews ". QUILTS! INSTALL A HUMIDIFIER ALSO RE-MAKES ANO RE-COVERS Mengele on your Radiator and be free from an unpleasant and unhealthy atmosphere. ESTIMATES Fjtff INEXPENSIVE—NO RUNNING COSTS According to a spokesman of the West DAWSON-LANE LIMITED German Foreign Ministry in Bonn, Dr. Josef Ask for details from : Mengele is now a Paraguayan citizen. It was The Humidifier Co. 17 BRIDGE ROAD. WEMBLEY PARK stated that investigations by the German Telephone : ARN. 6671 Embassy in Paraguay had shown that one Jose 25 Bridge Road, Wembley Park, Middx Mengele who became a Paraguayan citizen ARNold 7603 ^•rsanal attention ot Mr. Yl. Shacltman. some years ago and Dr. Josef Mengele were the same person. AJR INFORMATION October, 1964 Page 3

AMERICA NEWS FROM RUSSIA, ISRAEL AND AMERICA Jewish Negroes JEWRY IN THE EAST THE ISRAELI SCENE The scattered and disunited Negro Jewish congregations in New York have taken their Children's Story Population Totals 2,500,000 first step towards unity in their struggle to The story of a Jewish boy, " The Child of Israel's population totals 2,500,000, of which become fully fledged members of the American Brest", by S. S. Smirnov, is included in a 38.8 per cent are native born, according to a Jewish community. About 100 Black Jews children's book, " Bretskaya Krepost" (" The statistical abstract just published. from ten congregations met for the first time «rest Fortress"), published in Moscow this Inter alia, tlie report reveals that life this summer and decided to support a newly year. The Jews who were singled out for expectancy in 1963 reached 73 for men and formed unity committee named "Hatzaad ^^struction by the Nazis in the Brest area 77.9 for women, which is among the highest in Harishon" (The First Step). or France during the war only because they the world. Jewish women have an average The Black Jews, most of whom began to were Jews is referred to compassionately in of three to four children an3 Arab women emigrate to the United States from the West tne book. The collection of stories is obviously seven to eight during their lifetime. Fifty- Indies in the 1920s, have been cut off not only cased on authentic experiences of the German nine per cent of families have their own from the white Jewish community but from occupation and partisan warfare. homes. each other. Estimates of their number vary from between 15,000 and 100,000. They feel that they are Jews first and coloured second, Hungarian Community Victiins of "Illegal" Immigrant Ship Arrive and want to be recognised by the American for Reinterment Jewish community. Rabbis for Negro-Jewfth R Pf- A- Scheiber, director of the Hungarian With full ceremonial, the bodies of the 199 congregations have been trained at the Kabbinical Seminary in Budapest, who visited victims of the " illegal" immigrant vessel academy run by Rabbi W. A. Mathew, of f-ngland for research work, stated that two " San Salvador", which sank off the Turkish Harlem. Neither he nor his academy are new rabbis would be inducted and a newly recognised by the New York Board of Rabbis. DUUt synagogue at Grongros consecrated. The coast in 1940 after the immigrants had been number of students at the Budapest seminary refused Turkish entry visas, were brought to remains at about ten and three new students Israel for reinterment on Mount Herzl in Day of Prayer sre to begin their studies there in the coming Jerusalem. academic year. The number of pupils at the The Salvador had carried some 300 Bul­ Rosh Hashana was designated as a special only Jewish high school in Eastern Europe, at garian Jews and attempted to land them in day of prayer and remembrance for Soviet Budapest, had increased to 120. Turkey. The Turks, however, towed the Jewry by the New York Board of Rabbis, vessel into the Marmara Sea where, during a which represents the Orthodox, Conservative gale, the ship sank. Two hundred and three and Reform movements. Polish Monument of the immigrants were lost, but the bodies In a proclamation the board urged all Jews -^A memorial has been unveiled at Ostrow of 199 were recovered and buried in a Turkish to dedicate the year 5725 " as a year of remem­ Mazowiecki, Poland, to commemorate the mur- village until last week when they were brance and dedication to the alleviation of ner of the 5,000 Jews in the area by the Nazis exhumed and taken for solemn reburial in the plight of the three million Jews in the ^J""ing the war. Hundreds of Poles and Jews Israel. Soviet Union ". attended the unveiling of the monument, which " Assimilation Catastrophe " was erected over the two mass graves of the British National Youth Orchestra's Tour 'Victims outside Ostrow. The British National Youth Orchestra com­ Speaking at Los Angeles at the 50th National pleted its Israeli tour and left for Athens. Convention of Hadassah, the women's Zionist Vilna Campaign The Orchestra, conducted by Rudolf Schwarz, organisation of America, Dr. David Lieber, himself a survivor of Belsen and now a cele­ president of the University of Judaism in Los „ A call for greater effort by atheists to brated conductor in Britain, gave six concerts Angeles, declared that the A merican-Jewish expose the reactionary essence of Judaism" to large and enthusiastic audiences in various community faces "a catastrophe too fright­ was made in " Sovetskaya Litva ", a newspaper parts of Israel. With the Orchestra travelled ening to contemplate" unless the trend Published in the Lithuanian capital of Vilna to Israel Dr. Ruth Railton, its founder and towards Jewish assimilation is reversed. " The earlier this year. The article stated that the leader, who is married to Mr. Cecil Harms- hour is ripe for a total assault on Jewish main direction of atheistic work in the Lithua­ worth King, Chairman of the Mirror group of apathy and ignorance, an all-out drive to make nian Soviet Republic was against Catholics newspapers. Judaism a source of joy and inspiration to the necause most believers there adhered to that modern," added Dr. Lieber.—(J.C.) feligion. But it should not be forgotten that German Reparations the Russian Orthodox Church and the Jewish Triki Leaves synagogue have a distinct influence on a cer­ The chairman of the Junge Union, the tain part of the population ". Christian-Democrat youth organisation in Hussein Triki, the Arab League represen­ Hesse, has demanded the ending of West tative in Argentina, who is responsible for German reparations to Israel if she recognised fomenting much of the recent antisemitic Zionist Propaganda Charge the Oder-Neisse line as Germany's eastern propaganda circulating in Latin America, has , " Trud ", the Russian trade union newspaper, frontier. Herr Norbert Hoef said his sugges­ left the country.—(J.C.) nas accused Israeli diplomats of distributing tion should not be considered " Blackmail" t o''•^•' ''Otten, poisonous " Zionist propaganda against Jews, but Israel should not forget the to Soviet Jews. The paper charged that Israeli help Western Germany had given in material Jjiplomats, whom it named, had been spreading and moral reparations since the war. ..Zionist literature" on Latvian beaches, in The executive board of the Junge Union has tne streets of Odessa and Chernovtsy, and in denounced Herr Hoef's statements, referring ^ynagogues in Moscow and Kiev. It also to remarks made by Mr. Levi Eshkol, the reported that three Russian Jews had been Israeli Prime Minister, implying that Israel deprived of the right to visit synagogues for recognised the line as Germany's definitive Six months " for helping " the dirty work " of frontier. the IsraeU diplomats. In its article " Trud " noted that it published a similar attack in "Righteous Men" ..An Israeli Embassy spokesman described Two Italians, Monsignor Arrigo Beccari and fne accusations as "false and with no basis Dr. Giuseppe Moreali, at the risk of their own m fact". lives, saved more than 100 young Jews and Jewesses of many nationalities from deporta­ tion by the Nazis in 1942 and 1943. Lithuanian Theatre To mark Jewish gratitude for all that they -Lithuanian Jews are to have a Yiddish State had done, Mr. Jasko Indig, a special repre­ j^neatre on the lines of the one in Poland, to sentative of the Israeli Government, pro­ fje formed from several amateur Jewish claimed the two men as " Righteous Men "•eatre groups. The Lithuanian Ministry of Among the Nations" at a ceremony in the ^ulture has notified the Jewish theatrical city hall of Monantola, Northern Italy. |foup of about fifty members that it has been sranted official recognition. The group will Sophia Loren now be entitled to regular payments and it Paramount Pictures and the Rome film "111 be placed on the same footing as other company for which Sophia Loren's husband tneatre groups in the country. works, have denied a report that Arab League countries have black-listed films made by Bulgarian Prize Sophia Loren because she is now filming in Israel in "Judith". .The winners of Bulgaria's Dimitrov Prize, A Damascus announcement had said that iOf achievements during 1963, include four the Arab League had asked for inquiries to Jews recognised for their work in social be made so that " Judith " could be banned sciences, music, films and architecture.—(J.C.) if it turned out to be "Israeli propaganda". Page 4 AJR INFORMATION October, 1964

SWEDEN NEWS FROM ABROAD Ex-Nazi Candidate ROAD TO ROME CHURCH AND JEWRY Harold Ljuugstrom. a Stockholm alderman Ecumenical Council and a former active Jew-baiter, offered to witn- They Were Silent draw his candidature to the Swedish Farua- Rabbi Marc H. Tanenbaum, the national ment after a strong press campaign against director of the Department of Inter-religious From correspondence between the Anglican him. He now states that he regrets nis anii- Affairs of the American Jewish Committee, Suffragan Bishop of Toronto and the semitic activities and has " asked for forgive­ who has been very close to the efforts for Niembller brothers in Germany, it is made ness " during the past 20 years. Nevertheless, rapprochement between Christians and Jews, clear that the Protestant Church in Germany because of widespread unemployment in uer- commented to a Jewish Chronicle corre­ did not speak out once in defence of the Jews many before the war, he thought it "unfair spondent on the chapter concerning relations during the last war. that 75 per cent of German doctors ano between the Catholic Church and the Jews in Pastor Martin Niemoller spent eight years lawyers were Jews." rr rv <; the Schema on Ecumenism. His opinion was in a concentration camp for defying Hitler's Leaders of the newly formed K.U.s- that so widespread is the movement among church programme. His brother, the Rev. Party (Christian Democratic Union) wno Christians towards eliminating antisemitism in Wilhelm Niembller, is a member of the com­ nominated Ljungstrom. stated they knew about texts and liturgy, including the deicide charge, mission on church history in Germany. The his Nazi past but nominated him because ne that, even if the " Jewish chapter" before Bishop, the Rt. Rev. H. R. Hunt, began the had changed his views. They did not tell the the Ecumenical Council is not approved in correspondence after hearing the complaint nomination meeting about his past. Rome, "the revolution has now begun and it about the German Protestant Church in would take a counter-revolution to stop it". Anglican church circles in Canada. Bonn Compensation Pope Challenged Fighting Antisemitism Under an agreement signed in Stockholm, Mr. Herman Shumlin, producer-director of West Germany will set aside one million marKs the Broadway production of Rolf Hochhuth's (about £90,000) for distribution to Swedisn " The Representative", has disclosed that he A European summer school on " Israel" (the Jewish people and Judaism) was held at citizens persecuted by the Nazis before ano wrote to the Pope in July asking him to clarify during the war. The Swedish Governmem his attitude towards the Jews in the light of the Church and World Centre of the Nether­ lands Reformed Church at Driebergen, near has inserted advertisements in Swedish news­ his approval, when Archbishop of Milan, of papers asking people who consider themselves a book containing anti-Jewish comments. The Utrecht. It was sponsored by the Committee on the Church and the Jewish People of the entitled to compensation to apply to tne Pope has not answered his letter. Swedish Foreign Office. The book, " II Messaggio degli Evangeli", World Council of Churches. a commentary on the Scriptures by a Rev. The Rev. Dr. Anker Gjerling, of Copenhagen, Professor Don Angelo Alberti, published in who is secretary of the Committee, said the Job for Herterich Italy in 1956, contains a preface by Mgr. churches could do much to counteract anti­ Montini (as Pope Paul VI then was) stating semitism by pointing out that the same God The West German non-Jewish doctor, Df- that the work was " worthy of meeting the spoke in the Old and New Testaments and Elmar Herterich, who left Germany after bis sympathetic attention of Intelligent readers ". that the commandment to love one's neigh­ campaign against ex-Nazi judges still in oince Mr. Shumlin quoted a number of antisemitic bour was from the Old Testament. It was led to efforts at reprisals against him, nas statements from the book in his letter. wrong to adopt a doctrine of collective guilt obtained a job at a hospital in Western against the Jews for the Crucifixion. Sweden. He was recently granted a residence First Encyclical The Rev. J. H. Grolle, secretary of the and labour permit and has been given a gram Council for Church and Israel of the Nether­ to help him learn Swedish.— (J.C.) Many quarters in Spain have taken the first lands Reformed Church, said that antisemitism encyclical letter of Pope Paul VI, " Ecclesiam was largely quite irrational and to a great Suam ", as an indication of a hardening of the extent determined by Christian instruction.— REBUILDING EUROPEAN JEWRY attitude towards the non-Christian religions, (J.C.) including Judaism. The anti-progressive press The rebuilding of European Jewry after the in general and the hierarchy of the Catholic Second World War was discussed in Amster Church in the country have welcomed the UNEASE IN TUNISIA dam by about 60 youth members of the Wo'"'° encyclical for its conservative tone. It has Union for Progressive Judaism from Britain, been widely quoted, particularly the section Any Tunisian wishing to go abroad who has France, West Germany and Holland. ^^ which states that Catholics cannot remain at any time visited Palestine or Israel is now A proposal to organise a special " ^?'''l" indifferent to the fact that all religions are refused a Tunisian passport or laissezpasser Week " next Passover was among the subjects not equal. Nor can they permit those who by the authorities. Such persons are given a discussed. The purpose of this would be to practise other religions to continue unaware Stateless laissez-passer which means that they help young Jews in Berlin who have some of the erroneous nature of their faiths. will almost certainly never be able to return contact with their co-religionists in West Ger­ The statement in the encyclical that the to Tunisia. many. The requirements of Jewish youth m Christian religion is the only true one has The number of people affected so far has West Germany were also discussed. been forcefully quoted by commentators as been small but the fact that this discrimination setting limits to the dialogue between Roman has been instituted in conformity with instruc­ 3,000 JEWS FACE DEPORTATION FROM Catholics, Jews and the members of other tions from the Arab League office is causing religions.—(J.C.) considerable unease among Tunisian Jews. TURKEY The stream of refugees to France from Tunisia About 3,000 Turkish Jews of Greek PARIS CELEBRATES is still growing. nationality, most of whom were born in Paris Jewry took part in the celebrations Turkey and do not even know the Cree» marking the 20th anmversary of the liberation MOROCCO "EXODUS" language, face deportation to Greece under «• of the city from German occupation. As part Turkish Government edict issued in retalia­ of the official ceremonies President de Gaulle According to community officials in Rabat, tion for the Greek poficy in Cyprus, it was called at the town hall where the National the Jewish population of Morocco has dropped indicated in Turkish Jewish circles. ^{J^ Council of the Resistance led the struggle to between 70,000 and 75,000. No exact count Government had announced that " all of tne against the Germans. A service of commemo­ is available because thousands have been Greek nationals " in this country must leave ration was conducted in the synagogue in the leaving each month and the departures con­ before September 16 or face deportation, ^ne Rue de la Victoire by the Chief Rabbis of tinue. The last Government census gave the 3,000 Jews are part of that group. Some oi France and of Paris. Jewish population in June, 1961, as 159,608. the Greek Jews in Turkey have already been expelled.

INVITATION FROM PERSIA Feuchtwanger (London) Ltd. The Shah of Iran has invited world ^^^Vi to participate in the celebrations to be neio in October, 1965, to mark the 2.500th anniver­ Bankers sary of the establishment of the P^J^'^.g Empire and the 25th anniversary of the Shan » BASILDON HOUSE, 7-11, MOORGATE, E.C.2 accession to the throne. The invitation was extended through Pro­ Telephone: METropolitan 8151 fessor Henry Raphael Gold, an American psychiatrist, who was in Teheran recently a Representing: a guest lecturer at the university. Professoi Gold said he intended to bring the invitation I. L. FEUCHTWANGER BANK LTD. I FEUCHTWANGER CORPORATION to the attention of leading Jewish bodies throughout the world, including those '" TEL AVIV : JERUSALEM : HAIFA | 60 EAST 42nd ST.. NEW YORK. 17. N.Y. Britain. Israel will also participate in tne celebrations. AJR INFORMATION October, 1964 Page 5

ANGLO-JUDAICA HOME NEWS Chief Rabbi's Retirement JUDAISM AND PSYCHIATRY C.B.F. SCHEME FOR INDIA On April 4, 1965, his 70th birthday, the Chief Rabbi is due to retire. There is now nav ?-^® ^""^t international congress of social The Central British Fund may soon embark some doubt as to whether the Chief Rabbinate t^?/p'"atry recently held in London was on a programme to relieve some of the distress Conference convened for the election of a thi 5 / "^y °°® thousand delegates, about a of poverty-stricken Jews in India, mainly in successor will be able to carry out its purpose inira of whom were Jews. Dr. Joshua Bierer, the Bombay region. In a report to the C.B.F. by that time. It is rumoured that Dr. Brodie "„^?'nser and chairman of the conference, in of his recent visit to India, the director of the has indicated his desire to continue in office to '"terview said that the Jewish contribution American Joint Distribution Committee des­ to allow more time for the choice of a suitable j" psychiatry is proportionately very great, cribed the squalor surrounding many of the successor and to enable him to dispose of a dpv^i ^^""^ mainly responsible for the new Indian Jews. number of communal matters. j,p r°Pment known as social psychiatry which The C.B.F. plans to appoint a director to "e nad introduced into this country in 1938. co-ordinate work leading to the establishment Rosh Hashana Broadcast wi; \^^ ^° secret, said Dr. Bierer, that people of mother- and child-care clinics, kindergartens riJ, , • \^^ had difficulties tend to come into and other welfare centres. In Bombay the The Chief Rabbi made his annual New ip/'^Vi.^try. To be persecuted is more or Fund already contributes towards the main­ Year's broadcast in the B.B.C. Home Service. itf 1, ^ prerogative of the Jew and therefore tenance of a hostel for boys living outside the He also broadcast over the B.B.C. Hebrew {:.7"ows automatically that psychiatry should area so that they may attend Jewish schools section to Israel, on the General Overseas net­ haH 1 prerogative of the Jew. Also, medicine in Bombay and also obtain adequate meals. work and on the North American service. uaa always been one of the permitted pro- i^^sions of the Jew who, historically, has been AID FOR REFUGEES n7„5^ .."^to certain professions because others Ajex Activities *^^e forbidden to him. Churches and Jewish organisations in Man­ chester are raising funds and collecting One of the main platforms of the Association Wa tu ^- Warshaw, of the Pinner Synagogue, clothing for refugees throughout the world. of Jewish Ex-Service Men and Women will be 'rds the only rabbi to read a paper at the The churches opened their doors on Sep­ to press the next Government to introduce rPf^orence. He spoke on "Judaism and tember 16 and 17 for clothing and synagogues legislation to outlaw racial discrimination. scip t-c*''^ "• explaining how the latest were asked to give financial support to the The activities of Ajex in the social sphere n-.rltjnc researches and discoveries of modern venture. will also receive great attention. Ajex intends anH t^u^ were anticipated by the Biblical to aid to a greater degree those already benefit­ oa rabbinic teachings of traditional Judaism. FASCIST GROUPS ing from its work and also to add new causes Following a fight in Leeds city centre, a to its list. It is hoped that help for hospitals SEX AND THE FAMILY woman and three men were arrested and at Christmas will be done on an even larger charged with disorderly conduct. Among the scale this year. p In the annual report of the Jewish Marriage 25 people involved in the disturbance were ^oucation Council the Rev. Raymond Apple, six men selling " Spearhead", the magazine J^airman of the Council's youth clubs com- of John Tyndall's National Socialist Movement New Journal utiee, cites the glamourising of sexual free­ group. A new quarterly " The Ajex Journal", has dom and the wide publicity given to the " new Mosley's Union Movement was involved in just been published by the Association of '"'"aiity " among the reasons for the " serious disturbances in Hove when an angry crowd Jewish Ex-Service Men and Women. The first Ufo u'^S" of Jewish marriage and family attacked six members of tlie movement who issue carries articles by Mr. Maurice Edelman, unvii states that his committee faces an had set up a speaker's stand on the sea front. M.P., Alderman Leslie Lever, M.P., Mr. Martin "Pnui task in laying the foundations of stable An application from the Union movement to Savitt, Ajex chairman, and many others. nr. ?'^Ses, happy family lives and homes based hold a rally at the grounds of the Bristol City •"^Jewish traditions, Football Club has been rejected, and the tra *•• Apple also lists "the attractive dis- Bristol Corporation refused permission to use Sir Basil Henriques Remembered ractions that make people dissatisfied with the a hall in the city centre.—(J.C.) Jp • u eircle, the unintelligent way in which Following the death in 1961 of Sir Basil ewish observance is often carried out by ANTI-NAZI LAWS? Henriques, an amount of £14,500 was donated. Jrffonts who cannot explain the Jewish way Sir Barnett Janner, M.P., recently visited About £20,500 will ultimately be received for r5 "le to their children, the inadequacy of Sydney to conduct an appeal for the King a special Memorial Trust Fund under which many young people's Jewish education, and David Day School. During an interview he six charitable bodies will benefit. Among the 'ne general weakening of religious sanctions ". declared that if the Labour Party were to win projects which will be established in memory the forthcoming General Election it would of Sir Basil will be a camp site for diabetic legislate against antisemitic and neo-Nazi children, an area for outdoor games, an annual HELPING THE AGED activities and would consider passing laws lecture, a religious library and a training scheme for club organisers. A 24-year-old barrister, Mr. Anthony Steen, against group libel. nas initiated a scheme for young people to TRIBUTE TO BENNO SCHOTZ Peip the aged. A company has been formed Synagogue Consecrated jn London to finance this, and its members Mr. Benno Schotz, Queen's Sculptor in include Mr. Edward E. Mocatta and a number Ordinary for Scotland, was the guest of honour The new St. John's Wood Synagogue, of M.P.s. at a reception in the Glasgow Arts Club. Britain's largest, was consecrated by the Chief Mr. Steen. who has been organising groups It was organised by a special committee set Rabbi assisted by Rabbi Dr. S. Goldman, its ot young people in voluntary work for the up to give public recognition to the work of minister, and the Rev. M. E. Hertzberg, reader, ^ed for the past five years, has obtained Mr. Schotz. On behalf of the Jewish com­ with a choir directed by Mr. S. Fixman. The *-3 000 from the Government for the scheme. munity he had been commissioned to execute £220,000 building took only ten months to —(J.C.) a bust of Mr. David Ben-Gurion, which was complete and will be able to accommodate a presented to Mrs. Levi Eshkol, wife of the congregation of over 1,500. Israeli Premier. IRELAND IMPORTS OF CITRUS FRUIT A cheque was also presented to institute Education FROM ISRAEL the " Benno Schotz Award" which will be made annually to a young Scottish sculptor to be chosen by the R.S.A. The Rev. Raymond Apple, minister of Bays- , Ireland imported citrus fruit from Israel water Synagogue, from the pulpit called for last year to the value of £500,000. The figure MARTYRS' MEMORIAL a balanced and more realistic appraisal of tor 1964 has not yet been released. Jewish education. Although the quantity of , These imports are by way of a direct deal Dayan I. Golditch unveiled a plaque to the children's Hebrew education might be less oetween Israel and Ireland and not routed via memory of the six million Jews murdered by today he said, children went more willingly the United Kingdom. the Nazis. Addressing members of the High- to cheder than had their parents. The recom­ . In 1962 the figure was just under £400,000 : town Central Synagogue he said: " But for mendations Mr. Apple made included the 'n 1961 it was £360,000; in 1960 it was just Hitler there would never have been a Jewish appointment of a full-time education officer under £300,000. State. ... It was the very hopelessness of our in every regional district in London and the In this connection it will be recalled that situation that compelled us to realise that the substitution of the term " Hebrew school" for the population of Ireland is just under three only people capable of looking after the Jews " Hebrew classes ". million. were the Jews themselves ". New Home A £500,000 appeal has been launched in G L EDGAR ELECTRICAL ifd Manchester for a new home for the aged and chronically sick. The new home in Prestwich CONTRACTORS and SUPPLIERS will replace the present one in Cheetham Hill. It is planned that 200 beds will be accommo­ dated in a group of houses on a five-acre site 65 MILL LANE, N.W.6 HAM 8000 in pleasant surroundings. AJR INFORMATION October, 1964 Page 6 rearmaments. Kreiser and Ossietzky, as the Egon Larsen responsible editor, were charged with treason and the disclosure of military secrets. Ane THE PASSION OF CARL VON OSSIETZKY Leipzig Reichsgericht took a long time to pre­ pare the charges. In November, 1931, tney were both sentenced to eighteen months m A Biography and an Anniversary prison. . „j Kreiser escaped to Paris. Ossietzky remainea and waited for the call to serve his sentence^ 1 cannot think of anything more moving, My only point of criticism is that a book One morning in May, 1932—this is the scene more sinister, and more terrifying among my of this kind, which is in fact a history with which Grossmann begins his book--ms memories of 1933 than a photograph which of the Weimar Republic and its end, ought friends accompanied him to the gates ot ine appeared in Hitler's Illustrierter Beobachter. to have been amply illustrated ; instead, it Tegel prison. He could have got across tne It was one of a series of pictures from the has a single portrait. It should have pre­ border, he could have joined Kreiser ana concentration camp of Sonnenburg, purport­ served, for us and the young generation that Tucholsky in Paris. " You will never gf °"; ing to show how the " enemies of the National- knows too little about the Nazi period, that again ", Ludwig Marcuse had told him. aave Socialist Revolution " were receiving " correc­ terrible, telling photograph from Sonnenburg. your life for your fight. In liberty, your pen tive treatment" at the hands of the S.A. A Still, the book is indispensable for anyone is your power. Don't give that power away. short, slightly built man in a striped prison interested in Germany's past, and it has been But Ossietzky had replied, firmly and with nis uniform, a number plate around his neck, rightly awarded the Albert Schweitzer Book characteristic simplicity, " If you want to ngni stood there, gazing with an expression of Prize. effectively against the corrupt spirit of a nauou utter despair at the jackbooted feet of an The Ossietzky family, knighted in the you must share its fate." .. enormous bully of a stormtrooper who had eighteenth century, came from Upper Silesia. And so he went to Tegel. The list of ms planted himself before him as if he wanted Carl, born in Hamburg, was baptised as a friends who escorted him makes impressive to say, "We'll finish you off yet, just you Catholic, confirmed as a Protestant, and reading: Ernst Toller, Leonhard FraoK, wait! " became a follower of Ernst Haeckel as a Arnold Zweig, Erich Muhsam, Ernst Glaeser, The prisoner was Carl von Ossietzky and the student. He started his career in the legal Lion Feuchtwanger, Alfred Wolfenstein, Kood picture was the first sign of life—if it could be civil service, but at the age of 24 he already Roda, Hermann Kesten, Professor Alfons uoio- called life—that we, who were still free, had his first scrape with the reactionary schmidt, Emil Faktor, Hellmut von Gfriacn, received from the other side of the barbed powers-that-be. He wrote a highly emotional Werner Hegemann, Gertrud Isolani, Waltnei wire where Germany's new masters had put article in a Socialist paper against the revolt­ Karsch, Rudolf Olden, Kurt Grossmann and-- their opponents. It took them five years more ing sentence of a military court in Erfurt, yes, and Herbert Ihering, who was within d to "finish him off." In May, 1938, he died, which had sent some harmless citizens to gaol year to throw in his lot with the new masters 48 years old—the third German to be rewarded for long periods after a pub brawl. As a of Germany. with the Nobel Peace Prize, after Quidde and result, the young court clerk, Ossietzky him­ Before Christmas, 1932, Ossietzky was Stresemann ; with him died peace itself, and self, was sentenced to a stiff fine. This episode released under Schleicher's Amnesty. On ine what was left of the " other Germany ". More made a deep impression on him ; he felt that morning after the Reichstag fire the storm- than the belated rebels of the 20th July, he could no longer remain in the German troopers came for him. They tortured anu heroic as their deeds may have been, legal service, and resigned. That was early humiliated him in Sonnenburg and Papenburg- Ossietzky was the supreme example of true in 1914; soon afterwards he married Maud In 1936 his friends in the free worid mobUiseu nobility of the mind and genuine patriotism ; Woods in London. From then on his career public opinion so effectively that he wa for, to quote Friedrich Wilhelm Foerster, " a was that of a political journalist. awarded the Nobel Peace Prize. Goring mm- patriot is a man who fears that his people The weapons of his incessant fight for peace. self tried to force him to decline the P"^' may miss its way to justice and truth ". Socialism, a truly democratic Germany and the he refused to comply, well aware of the cons - This year, on October 3, Ossietzky would Rights of Man were not only articles in news­ quences. By that time he was a very sick maii have been 75 years old. Perhaps the best way papers and periodicals but also speeches at in a Berlin hospital. Goring refused to let mm to observe the anniversary, and honour his public meetings and organising work in asso­ leave Germany. A swindler cheated him ou memory, is to read the brilliant, painstakingly ciations such as the Liga fiir Menschenrechte ; of the Prize money which might have helpe? compiled biography which his friend and he also helped to found the Republican Party him to recuperate. On May 4, 1938, he diea. comrade-in-arms, Kurt R. Grossmann (of the and sought election to the Reichstag. In the Among the " good " Germans of our century spring of 1926 Ossietzky changed over from the history may judge him the best. Men have Liga fiir Menscftenrec/itc), published last year.* been made saints for less. * Kurt R. Grossmann: Ossietzky. Etn dentschet Tagebuch to the Weltbiihne, Siegfried Jacob­ Patriot. Klndler-Verlag, Munich, 1963 (581 pp.). sohn's weekly, in which Kurt Tucholsky was becoming the dominating figure. A few months later Jacobsohn died, and Ossietzky was his natural successor as editor (Tucholsky had more or less moved to Paris and tumed Ackermans up in Berlin only occasionally). Under his SELECTION conscientious, passionate and inspired leader­ IHALLGARTEN^ ship the joumal became the leading German periodical of the Left—fearless, incorruptible, aggressive. In its columns the voice of KING Chocolates Goethe's and Heine's Germany wamed, De Luxe pleaded, informed, stormed, denounced. But SOLOMON the cause of freedom was doomed, and in their IN BEAUTIFULLT hearts Ossietzky and his contributors felt the WINES DESIGNED creeping paralysis ; it was doomed long before The Israel wines PRESENTATION Hitler rose to the top. BOXES In its issue of March 12, 1929, the Weltbiihne for all occasions published an article, " Windiges aus der MARZIPAN deutschen Luftfahrt", by its budget specialist, Dry and Sweet White, Red and ROB* Walter Kreiser (he signed it with a pseudo­ SPECIALITIES nym). It was a detailed analysis of the Luft­ hansa and the German aircraft industry and ]_(_)' — perbotOe DIABETIC disclosed some embarrassing facts about secret Ask for them at your wine merchant and CHOCOLATES I favourite restaurant. Full information and details of stockists from sole importers: 43, KENSINGTON CHURCH ST., LONDON, W.8 S F i O HALLGARTEN, 1 CRUTCHED FBIARS LONDON EC3. ROYAL 9716 WES. 4359 and Wir kaufen Einzelwerke, Bibliotheken, Autographen und moderne Graphik 9. GOLDHURST TERRACE, Direktor : Dr. Joseph Suschitzky FINCHLEY ROAD, N.W.B 38a BOUNDARY RD., LONDON, N.W.B MAI. 2742 Teleohone : MAI. 3030 ^e-:%^ AJR INFORMATION October, 1964 Page 7 Trude Dub Old Acquaintances Milestones: Walter Rilla^ who remarried THE LAST TRAIN FROM PRAGUE and returned to Germany from London a few years ago, has turned 70 years of age. After The following article reminds us of the days when we were forced to leave our countries the First World War he started in Breslau of origin without knowing where to turn. Its publication appears particularly fitting as editor of a literary magazine Die Erde, at a time when the "Thank-you Britain" Fund provides us with an opportunity of then went to Berlin where he acted with expressing our gratitude to this country for having rescued u.s.—The Ed. Elisabeth Bergner in " Der Geiger von Florenz". Together with his first wife, a Twenty-five years ago, on March 15, 1939, I crawled home to a weary husband who had sister of Ida Roland, he went to England in Woke up from an uneasy sleep and switched spent his day chasing the passports. 1933 appearing in " Victoria Regina " on the on my bedside radio. The time was 5.30 in God knows how we managed at all. Look­ stage and taking many parts on the screen. —Annemarie Selinko, authoress of the inter­ the morning, the place was Prague. ing back on it, I can see a divine scheme in national best-seller " Desiree" and wife of The voice of the announcer said : which each step was counted and each minute Erling Kristiansen, Danish Ambassador in " Please keep law and order—the German measured. For if we had not met just one of London, is 50 years old. Born in Vienna, she army is invading Czechoslovakia from all the many people who helped us at a particular was a journalist before she wrote her first tour sides. . . . Please keep law and order— moment, or if a tram or a taxi had not come novel, " Ich war ein haessliches Maedchen", the German army is invading Czechoslovakia just when it did, we would not be here today. which was an immediate success. Together from all four sides. . . . Please keep law Eventually, we held in our hands the precious with her husband, whom she met as a student and order. . . ." passports, the tickets, the inland revenue per­ in Vienna, she survived the Nazi regime in I woke my husband and together we listened mit, and all the other documents—everything Sweden. to the voice that proclaimed not only the except the Gestapo permit to leave. That was Miscellany: Walter Slezak, whose autobio­ death of one of the finest democracies in the hardest thing of all. graphy " Wann geht der naechste Schwan " is i^urope, but also the end of an epoch in our There was the possibility of my husband a bestseller in the U.S.A. and in Germany, sold uves—an epoch that meant roots, security, being arrested, so I decided to go to the his house near New York to come to Europe, and human dignity. Even as that voice droned Gestapo myself. When I came out of that where he will be near his daughters who on, we were being turned into fugitives, our are studying in London.—After starring building, I knew that I should never be afraid in Continental films for over ten years, crime being that we were Jews. as long as I live—I spent the fear of my life­ Lilli Palmer returned to London to appear in By about midday, the first convoy of German time in there. Marcel Hellman's production of " Moll tanks entered Wenceslas Square. I had often The passports had to be left behind and Flanders " and in " Operation Crossbow ".— stood there, watching processions in the colour- were to be collected with the permits—if any— Anton Diffring, the Coblenz-born actor who tul Czech and Slovak national costumes and three days later, on the day when the last train played on the stage in " Out of Bounds " in Cheering with the onlookers. But the crowd was leaving Prague to reach England without London, Zuerich and Berlin, returned to that lined both sides of the square when a visa. London from Brazil where he was on location the first German tank rolled down this beauti- for a German picture to take part in " "The tnl thoroughfare was as still and silent as the Anxious Hours Projected Man " before going on to Germany for another film.—Wolfgang Wilhelm, who statue of St. Wenceslas—the patron saint of returned to Munich from London some years ^ohemia—towering above the square. The Early that morning my husband Izio and I ago, has adapted the B.B.C. show " The Good ^ermans did not waste much time. A curfew set out for the Gestapo. We closed the door Old Days" for Bavarian TV.—Trude Kobnan, was called immediately and their lorries of our home on all the precious things we had of Munich's " Kleine Freiheit", whilst recover­ fumbled long into the night collecting the first collected in our young married life, as well ing from a car accident, produced a one-woman blacklisted victims. as on our hopes and dreams for the future. show, " Inventur ", with Helen Vita on German In the days that followed, my husband and I We joined the long, long queue. Friends TV.—Rudi Fehr, son of the late banker, super­ 'an from embassy to embassy, trying to find brought us food, while the family waited at the vised the German dubbing of " My Fair Lady " ^ Way of escape. By one of those strange flat for our telephone call to bring our luggage in Berlin with F. Schoenfelder speaking Rex ^incidences that shape human destinies, we to the station. The hours passed and we made Harrison's part. "let an old friend, who told us that until the only little progress. My God, shall we never Obituary ; After a long illness Karl Schnog ^nd of March, Czech nationals did not require reach the door ? Round about midday we died in East Berlin aged 67. A well-known were getting within sight but then the officials cabaret compere before 1933, he survived visa for England. We made up our minds the Nazi concentration camps and became a °n the spot, although it seemed impossible called a break and the queue became once more motionless. writer for the radio.—Dr. H. F. Pindar, a Jo get all the necessary documents in the criminal lawyer in Berlin before 1933, died in emaining eight days. We did not even have Two o'clock came and the door opened again. Lugano at the age of 80. 3 passport. Still, it was worth trying. Never We were not far away by this time but to Books and Authors: Peter de Mendelssohn Shall I forget this breathless paper-chase, the our dismay the jackbooted Nazi in charge has been commissioned by publisher H. Kindler ^ours in endless queues, with hope mounting started to pull out his friends from the back to write a book entitled " Rueckkehr nach °nd hope disappearing while time was of the queue. At three o'clock I plucked up Atlantis " about Germany and Berlin between 'inning out. all my courage and pointed out—humbly and 1945 and 1949.—Salka Viertel, who was Greta The National Bank was closed and you could politely—that our train would be leaving just Garbo's best friend and wrote many film scripts Set no money out of the country ; you could after four o'clock. The man yelled : " Keep for her, is now in Switzerland preparing her not even get a railway ticket abroad. Again your mouth shut, Jewish swine, or you'll go memoirs for early publication.—Hans Habe's to the back of the queue." best-selling report, " Der Tod in Texas ", will oy chance, I heard that foreigners could obtain be published here by Harraps in the autumn tickets. If you were lucky enough to find More waiting. ... At four p.m. we were under the title " Anatomy of Hatred—the °ne, he might be persuaded to part with his at last moving through the door. A woman Wounded Land ". eturn ticket and buy a new one. The price of in front of us undertook to ring my parents Germany: British-bom Martin Beheim- Jich a transaction was fantastic, but life was and ask them to bring our hurriedly packed Schwarzbach, who survived the Nazis in Z^ precious still. personal belongings to the station. England, was awarded the Alexander Zinn . My God, where can I find a foreigner ? But We arrived at the station within minutes Prize worth DM. 10,000.—Benno Reifenberg, It seemed easier than I thought. The clerk at of the train's departure—perhaps it was better co-editor of the Frankfurter Allgemeine " t>i*^^^^ travel agency did know of a Dutchman. so—there was no time for prolonged good­ Zeitung, received the Goethe Prize from the Please, oh please, money no object. . . . byes. . . . The train moved slowly out of the City of Cologne.—Elisabeth Bergner will es, of course I pay in advance." In a back appear in "The Mad Woman of Chaillot" station and I saw the dear faces of my parents at Duesseldorf and in a Kortner produc­ ^ley that was our rendezvous, I was waiting disappearing in the distance. I never saw them tion of " Lady Macbeth" at Berlin.— or two hours in the pouring rain for the again. None of the 300 fugitives on that train Erika Mann is scripting her father's novel t^k and his Dutchman. They did not come. knew that the husbands who were going out " Waelsungenblut " for the screen.—Friedel But when I returned home, another good to prepare the ground for their wives and Schuster is playing in Guitry's " Das letzte '^'^nd telephoned that some tickets were being children would never be joined by them, nor Testament " at Berlin's Renaissance Theater.— Old at the main railway station—something were the separated sweethearts to meet again. Pamela Wedekind took over Lotte Lenya's nat the efBcient German administration had part in Weill's " Sieben Todsuenden " at Ham­ overlooked. I mshed there immediately but the And now we were on our way into the burg's State Opera.—Oskar Maria Graf, who unknown. We reached the border of the Czech survived the Nazi regime in New York and ews had got around and I found a queue a Protectorate, where all the permits were taken who is already a member of the Academy of ^ile long. After three hours, when I was away from us. This was a bad omen. The Arts in West Berlin, also became a member Oout fifth from the grille, the window shut of the Academy in the Eastern sector. own: the tickets were sold out. Nobody permits entitled us to return within four weeks »new whether there would be any more. So I Continued on page 8, column 1 PEM r^T«»r.ig^?aa>x:\-irj^;aaH»fjg«;';a-^:;iiir..-?|i» 3 ^-iS.ijrr-sirisriais^s&mmgm-:^?>-K"?;iv

Page 8 AJR INFORMATION October, 1964

young woman of fifteen she, the daughter of The Last Train from Prague the successful surgeon and man of the world John Jessensky, frequently visited the artists' Continued from page 7 studios and the coffee houses of Prague and attracted men and women alike by her exciting and now the way back was irrevocably closed. room—and women were given a bunk between beauty. She became estranged from her father What would happen if England refused us two of them. when she fell in love with and married the entry ? Our speculations were cut short by In the morning, the good news was brought man of letters and notorious coffee-house an order to change trains. This was to be a to us that all women, and the married ones frequenter, Ernst Polak; in 1918 she went to direct train from Prague to the Dutch port together with their husbands, were permitted Vienna with him. There she was compelled of Vlissingen, but Jews were not supposed to present themselves to the British immigra­ to earn her own and her unfaithful husband's to ask questions. We had to change twice tion officer in Oldenzaal. It was only one rail­ living by writing for newspapers, giving lessons more and so precious hours were lost. It now way station away, but what a different world and even by working as a porter at Vienna's became obvious that we should not reach Eng­ awaited us on the other side of the border. main railway station. land before midnight on March 31. Panic The Dutch went all out to welcome us, and I In 1920 the unhappy Mrs. Polak made the seized those who came on the train straight shall never forget the warmth of their hospi­ acquaintance of Franz Kafka, who was staying from prisons and there were a good number tality. There was food ready for us in a in Meran for health reasons and required a of them. They said that they were going to school and we certainly needed it. And here Czech translator. She bombarded him with kill themselves rather than go through it we had another pleasant surprise : the guaran­ letters and wires since he paid a visit to her again. tee from our chance English acquaintance in Vienna. But Kafka was a very sick man arrived and so we faced the immigration and could not satisfy Milena, who was deeply At the Last Hurdle officer with easier hearts. in love with him. She met him four times in Full of foreboding, the transport reached Yes, we got the visa and were taken to a town on the Austrian border, but gradually Bentheim, on the German-Dutch border. There Hengelo, one more railway stop down the Une, the platonic love developed into a long-lasting we were told that England would not let us to spend the night. As in Oldenzaal, the whole "letter-love" which Kafka finally stopped, in. It was too late. The treaty would expire town turned out to greet us. People threw leaving Milena alone in her sorrow. " I am before we could reach the English shores. their homes open to us and Scouts took care on the brink of madness ", she wrote at the Now the Dutch also refused us entry, fearing of our luggage and shepherded us to our time to Kafka's friend. Max Brod. that we would be left on their hands. Besides, lodgings. Izio and I followed our Boy Scout She separated from Polak and began a their reception centres for refugees in transit as in a dream through the darkening streets relationship with Count Schaffgotsch, a Com­ were already overcrowded. Negotiations with of Hengelo. The crisis was over—this was the munist, and returned to Prague as a the Dutch authorities were set afoot, while beginning of a new life. celebrated journalist in 1925. In 1927 she our luggage, papers, and persons were That night, after what seemed like a life­ married the architect and builder, Jaromir examined by the German customs and police time, we rested again on clean and comfortable Krejcar, and, in the couple's modern flat, oflicials. Carriage after carriage was emptied beds. Next morning our group left Hengelo to Prague men of letters and Bohemians now and filled again, as people went to be investi­ the chorus of " Long live Holland " and " Long gathered, until her desire for a child was ful­ gated and returned. live Czechoslovakia." The Boy Scouts formed filled. After she gave birth to her daughter, By and by everybody was back except for a guard of honour at the station. I often Honza, she ailed for a year, and when she got three men—one of them my husband. For six thought of this scene, when, a few months up again she had changed into a fat, old, hours they kept him standing near a wall—not later, Holland herself became the victim of limping woman, addicted to morphine. Her leaning on it, mind you, while Nazi officials the same cruel oppressor. husband, she recounted later, once put a checked with Prague his identity and awaited The journey on the boat was uneventful. revolver on her bedside table. After visiting clearance. I was nearly out of my mind with We felt that whatever lay before us could the Soviet Union for two years, he returned worry and I was not comforted when I asked never be as bad as our first glimpse of Hitler's with a new wife. Milena kept silent and was an official with a swastika armlet whether he rule. True, we did not know a word of Eng­ thankful for the little flat which her former knew where my husband was. Hearing the lish ; we had exactly sixpence left after send­ husband provided for her and her child. She name, he said brightly : " Oh, we shot him ! " ing postcards from the boat and treating joined the Communist Party but resigned after Just one of the delicate Nazi jokes, but how ourselves to one cup of coffee between the hearing of the show-trials in Moscow. When was I to tell at the time ? two of us ; we did not know a soul in England, the German forces occupied Prague, Milena Meanwhile, the first half of our transport apart from that chance acquaintance of ours, wrote sentimentally patriotic articles and her was allowed to move on to Oldenzaal, on the but we were young and not afraid of hard work. flat, always filled with flowers, became a hive Dutch side of the border, and await their fate And so, during the week of Passover, when of resistance activity and a hiding place for in Holland, while the rest of us had to remain Jewish people all over the world celebrate their refugees. Although herself not a Jewess, sbe in Germany. We spent another night on the deliverance from slavery to freedom—^we wore the Star of David on her clothes to show train, which was shunted on to a side track. landed on these blessed shores. her solidarity with the Jews. Months later I was to wake up in the middle In the autumn of 1939 Milena was arrested. of the night and imagine myself to be still She was imprisoned in Prague, in Beneschau, on that stationary train. In the morning, the MEMORLAL TO A BRAVE WOMAN in Dresden and finally in the newly built con­ local inhabitants came to stare at us as if we centration camp for women, Ravensbrueck. To were some strange animals ; and we felt indeed Milena Jesenskd, to whose memory this the other prisoners she was " Mother Milena' like rats in a trap. We could neither go book* is dedicated, was a descendant of the and the " Czarina". The authoress remem­ forward nor back, and now the German rail­ medieval Rector of Prague University, bers : " In 1940 she was still unbroken, full of ways were asking for the carriages. Rumours Jessenius, who, together with other leaders of courage and initiative. Milena never became reached us that we might be transferred to a the Czech Protestant revolt, was beheaded on a typical prisoner", she never became insus­ June 30, 1621. Like her forefather, she, too, ceptible or brutalised, as did so many others. concentration camp. was a martyr to the cause of freedom. The But now the world was told of our plight Many of her fellow-inmates wept when she authoress, who made the acquaintance of died in 1944, and they covered her coffin with by desperate telephone and telegraph Milena in the Nazi concentration camp of messages. Finally a British immigration the flowers which she had loved so dearly. Ravensbrueck, where she spent four years with EUGEN WINTERBURGH. officer arrived in Oldenzaal, and it was her, tells a heartbreaking story of a woman's rumoured that if you found an English guaran­ suffering and also of her steadfastness, tor, you were given a visa. Izio and I had courage and endurance, which impressed even had a chance meeting with an Englishman on her gaolers. Gorta Radiovision the day Hitler marched into Prague. We wired Now, two decades after her death (she died him in desperation to send a guarantee for us in the camp after a kidney operation), the first Service to Oldenzaal. One clutched at every straw. biography of Milena, Kafka's friend, " whose (Member R.T.R.A.) Another night came and still our fate was piercing glance held even the Prague poet of undecided. The train had to be sent back now modern nightmares spellbound ", is published 13 Frognal Parade, and we were told to deposit our luggage in a by her camp mate. But Milena was also Finchley Road, N.W.S room at the station and form two orderly lines, acquainted with the much-loved Alma Mahler- SALES REPAIRS men separate and women separate. We thought Werfel and was adored by Willy Haas. In the Agents for Bush, Pye, Philips, that this could only mean a concentration 'twenties she lived both in Prague and in Grundig, etc. camp but to our great surprise we found our­ Vienna, in a way suited to her name, which Refrigerators, Washing-Macliines Stocked selves at a youth hostel, where we were given means " the loved one". .\s a precocious Mr. Gort will always be pleased to black coffee and bread with margarine, thanks * Margarete Buber-Neumann: Kafkas Frenndin advise you. to the mayor of Bentheim. Then the men were MUcna. Gotthold Mailer Verlag, MtUicben. 316 pp. (HAM. 8635) accommodated on straw—sixty of them in a DH.17.80. AJR INFORMATION October, 1964 Page 9 a little " risqu6", and with an occasional IN MEMORIAM irreverent remark about some public figure. But all was done without malice and she would MR. L. K. SONNEBORN has done which leaves the great void in our keep her audience in fits of laughter, would On Thursday, September 3, the Manchester midst. It is the man he was, whom we shall sing old music hall songs and make fun at refugee community lost one of its leaders by miss for many years to come. This highly her own expense including that of her appear­ the sudden death of Louis Sonneborn, at the cultured, charming, friendly and so modest ance which caused many people to take her age of 68. man was dearly loved by every resident in our for a man; she always dressed like one with He was born in Hamburg, studied Economics Homes and by everyone who ever had the jacket, collar and tie. and, after obtaining his doctorate, he joined privilege of working with him. This is not the place to relate her colourful the family business, Oelwerke Stern Sonne- Louis Sonneborn was one of the few truly life and career, but it will be of interest to oorn A.G., Germany's leading oil refinery. good men and his friends are grateful for the our readers to learn that she made no secret Which had meanwhile become part of the example which he has set. of the fact that, although a Christian, she ^hell Group. He worked in London for Shell His charming wife, Gertrude, has always was the daughter of a Jew from Germany from 1924 to 1928 and thereafter went to live been at his side throughout their happily and was very proud of her partly Jewish in Paris, working there for the Shell organisa- married life. descent. As a heritage, she had a store of non until 1935. On leaving the Shell Group Louis Sonneborn was a very active member Jewish jokes and stories which she told with ne returned to England and founded, with his of the Board of the AJR and frequently came great gusto. In our present society of con­ orother-in-law, a company for the manufacture to London to discuss matters of interest to our formists she was a true representative of that Of chemicals for the building industry, now Manchester group. His wise counsel will be dying species of " characters." toown as Floorlife and Chemicals, in Man­ sadly missed. F.K. chester. E.A.L. Louis Sonneborn was always in the fore- NAOMI JACOB MRS. HANNE FISCHER tront of the work for Refugees by Refugees. *or many years he was the Chairman of the Naomi Jacob, the well-known novelist, died Mrs. Hanne Fischer, a friend of Max Brod Worth-Western Branch of the AJR, Chairman at her home in Sirmione on Lake Garda at and other members of the Prager Dichter- Of its Building Committee. One of the the end of August. All who knew her must kreis, has died in London at the age of 65. tounders of the Morris Feinmann Home for have been surprised to learn that she was She published her novels " Die grosse Land­ Ola and lonely refugees in Britain, he already eighty years of age, as she appeared strasse " in 1933 and " Die gluehende Kugel" ought be caUed the father of this first Home to be many years younger and was full of in 1937. In pre-Nazi years she was a literary tor Refugees in Britain and, as such, he will youthful zest. She was a very popular member adviser to the Prague German Theatre and a always be remembered as long as there is a of the English community of Northern Italy regular contributor to the periodical " Hoch- Morris Feinmann Home in Manchester. His and gave a yearly lecture at the Institute of schulwissen". In 1943 Harraps of London oevotion and untiring effort for the refugee the British Council in Milan. Those respon­ published a comedy, " Zwischenfall in Berg­ cause kindled enthusiasm and support in sible for these lectures were always a little stadt ", written and illustrated by her for others, so that he was surrounded by friends apprehensive when she went on the platform advanced students of German. The AJR neiping him in his work. because the irrepressible Miss Jacob would extends its sincerest sympathies to her hus­ It is. however, not what Louis Sonneborn spice her talks with stories which were often band. AJR Whafever your figure CHARITABLE TRUST These are the ways in which you whafever the occasion can help : CONTRIBUTMNS UNDER COVENANT (in lieu of your membership subscription to the AJR). A Covenant commits the covenanter for a period of seven years or during his Ufe. whichever period is shorter. GIFTS IN YOUR LIFETIME A BEQUEST IN YOUR WILL Ask for particulars from : The Secretary, AJR Charitable Trust, 8 Fairfax Mansions, London, N.W.3. SPACE DONATED BY Trade Cutters Ltd.. Britannia Works, 25 St. Pancras Way. N.W.1.

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Page 10 AJR INFORMATION October, 1964

Rudolf Rafael Levy (Cholon) channels are blocked. Professor Hugo S. Bergmann contributes an outstanding descrip­ tion of the personality and teaching of Martin Buber. Based on his archaeological work in ISRAEL YEAR BOOK 1964 the Negev, Dr. E. Anati describes his findings of ancient art in the desert. The 1964 issue of the Israel Year Book of home production in the total food supply Thus, as its predecessors, the Israel Year (Chief Editor, L. Berger) again carries a from 50 per cent to 75 per cent in spite of Book 1964 is an indispensable source of wealth of information compiled by expert the increase of the population from one million information, especially about facts and pro­ contributors. people to over two million people during the blems of Israel's economy in its various In his introductory article, Pinchas Sapir, years 1949 to 1961). In the light of these branches. Minister of Finance, Commerce and Industry, developments the author considers it possible states that Israel's industry has stood the test, that during the second decade economic JEWS IN A HESSIAN VILLAGE especially with regard to productivity, price emancipation will be achieved by growing pro­ stability and liberalisation, which makes Israel ductivity, especially by increase of export, The history of the Jews in the township of competitive in the Intemational market. decrease of import, and continuous saving for Bergen, in the Hanau district, has been Industry and agriculture have become stabilis­ investments. recorded in a monograph recently published ing factors, but services give reason to anxiety, The economic conditions for capital invest­ under the auspices of the Hanau Historical and in this respect, efforts from within have ments are described by L. Dultzin, head of the Society. Its author is Dr. Ludwig Rosenthal, to be intensified. Economics Department of the Jewish Agency, whose ancestors had lived there for many Foreign Minister Golda Meir is represented and Dr. L. Berger, the Chief Editor of the generations. The book is a revealing insight in the Year Book by the text of the address Year Book. Their articles are supplemented into the conditions under which Jews in the which she delivered at the Plenary Session of by statistical abstracts and the text of the Wetterau lived during the 17th, 18th and 19tb the United Nations on October 2, 1963. law concerning the promotion of capital centuries. Abba Eban deals with the impact of modern investments. Its first part deals with their general history, Liberalism on modern life. He raises the Further problems of Israel's economy are especially with their relationship with their question of whether the victory of the Liberal also dealt with in comprehensive articles by environment and with their overlords (Land­ idea in the institutional and constitutional expert authors. We mention the contribution graf en, etc.). The second part comprises field can be extended to the social and on banking and capital market by Dr. Y. family records of the author's ancestors, end­ economic sphere. Contrary to Professor Foerder, General Director of the Bank Leumi ; ing up with genealogical charts. The last entry Toynbee, who predicted the early disappear­ on building and housing problems by M. Ch. refers to Sobibor, where Samuel Rosenthal, Dr. ance of the National State, Eban states that at Stern, Director of Rassco ; on foreign trade by Rosenthal's father (1861-1943), perished. present we are living in the golden age of E. Ezrahi, Director of the Foreign Trade In the introduction, the Hanau Historical the small states. Whether these new small Department of the Ministry of Commerce. Society expresses its appreciation of the fact states will believe in the ideals of freedom As a new feature, this Year Book intro­ that, in spite of the terrible happenings. Dr. or whether they will feel tempted to assume duces descriptions of Israel's trade relation Rosenthal has had the strength to write this that their social and economic problems can with countries all over the world, from book. " Together with him," it says, " we pay only be solved by a totalitarian system will Argentina to the United States. The authors tribute to those to whose memory the book is depend on the extent to which democracy does are either foreign trade representatives in dedicated, and at the same time humbly not merely remain a constitutional symbol Israel or Israeli representatives in the coun­ remember the millions of people who had to but becomes a living economic and social tries concerned, or both. suffer the same fate." reality. A special chapter, illustrated by maps and E.G.L. The President of the Israeli Bank, David statistics, is dedicated to the petrol industry SWISS OFFICIAL RESIGNS Horowitz, deals with the economic capacity of Israel. The legislation during the past year of the country. In the course of one decade, is summed up by Henry E. Baker, President The Swiss press prominently featured the he writes, Israel has passed through an of the Jerusalem District Court. resignation of Mr. Etienne Serra, the chiei economic process which in the normal way Compared with the extensive articles on of protocol of the Swiss Ministry of Foreign would take half a century. He shows how this economic questions, the number of contribu­ Affairs, who resigned because of antisenutic was accomplished under the most difficult con­ tions on cultural subjects is small. remarks he was reported to have made at an ditions (increase of national income by Arab reception in Berne. The Swiss Govern­ Dr. M. Vardi of the Foreign Office deals ment accepted his resignation. M. Serra wiU 10-11 per cent from I£l,296 million in 1950 with the problems arising from the fact that be given other work by the Government. Com­ to I£4,835 million in 1962; increase of export in the case of a number of countries the only ments in the Swiss press varied from approval during that period from 46 million dollars to way of building up contacts is the establish­ of the acceptance of M. Serra's resignation to 272.2 million dollars; increase of the share ment of cultural relations, because all other his outright defence.

FAMILY EVENTS FORMER ELECTRICIAN, a clerk Accommodation Vacant November until about December since 1949 as a result of an acci­ 18, during husband's absence on a Entries in the column Family dent, experienced in invoicing, as CENTRALLY HEATED SINGLE business journey. Box 476. Events are free of charge. Texts a telephonist, able to type, unable ROOM, Henlys Corner area; cook­ should be sent in by the lUh of to stand for long hours, living in ing facilities; £3 3s.; garage avail­ AJR Needlewomen Service the month. N.IO, seeks full-time position. able. Box 470. Box 473. WOMEN available for alterations, Birthday ONE OR TWO FURNISHED ROOMS, h & c, large block of flats, mending, handicrafts. 'Phone MAl- Goldschmidt.—Mrs. Anna Gold­ 4449. schmidt (nee Rosenbaum) (for­ Women 1st floor, lift. 'Phone CUN. 7223. merly Schwerin i/Mecklenburg), EXPERIENCED LADIES' HAIR­ FURNISHED BED-SITTER to let Personal of 31 Riffel Road, Willesden Green, DRESSER (German-speaking) to one lady, use kitchen, bath. London, N.W.2, will celebrate her visits clients in their homes by Modern flat. nr. Finchley Swim­ YOUNG LADY, 25, German/ 80th birthday on October 2. appointment, 9 a.m.-5 p.m. Please ming-pool, N.12. Moderate rent. Jewish background, well educated 'phone SPE. 7133 evenings. 'Phone FINchley 1436, after 6 p.m. and good looking, would like t" CLASSIFIED or week-ends. meet young, intelligent gentleman of cultured background with secure Situations Vacant MRS. MENGEL. MAI. 4306, under­ future, with view to matrimony- takes typing of all kinds, also dis­ Miscellaneous WANTED, economic writer to sertations, manuscripts, theses, Box 468. finish book on "City of London" translations, etc., in English and ALTERATIONS WANTED ? Ring in German. Material, typist and FOR MY FRIEND, 43, attractive, German. Own typewriter. experienced dressmaker for best innocently divorced, well educated, typewriter at disposal. 'Phone work. HAMpstead 8775. before 9 a.m. BAR. 8876. musical, mother of one friendly, SECRETARY. German and some SUPERFLUOUS HAIR removed adaptable child. Wanted kind, Situations Wanted English shorthand-typing, good safely and permanently by experi­ intelligent husband. Box 469. references, seeks part-time position, Men enced Physiotherapist and Elec- preferably in Social Services trologist. Mrs. Dutch, D.R.E., Personal DISPATCH/ORDER CLERK, 43, Organisation. Box 474. R.M.T., 239 Willesden Lane, N.W.2. single, also experienced stock- 'Phone WILlesden 1849. ELDERLY, active gentleman, own keeper, warehouseman, seeks full- GENERAL CLERK/typist, experi­ house in pleasant country town, time position. Box 471. enced in German shorthand, simple BRIDGE TUITION, easy method. one hour London, seeks companioiJ- IMPORT/EXPORT MERCHANT, bookkeeping, fond of music, seeks Please 'phone, momings, GLAd­ ship and light help of middle-aged 63, formerly own export firm non-commercial post, preferably in stone 1587. lady, independent, nature loving, (feather trade), seeks full-time school or welfare organisation. LADY, N.W. LONDON, is looking educated. Apply with full details, post. Box 472. Box 475. for a lady companion. Beginning discretion assured. Box 477. AJR INFORMATION October, 1964 Page 11

Francis Treuhers copies in existence of the drama "Die Leuchte " (1938), by Michael Wurmbrand, the The Younger Generation and the A,J,R, former Berlin correspondent of the Jewish Telegraphic Agency, and of Hans Tramer's Another Contribution to the Debate brochure " Die Verantwortung des Dichters " While sitting eating Quetschekuchen as only Jewish, but one of us ". Why ? There (Joachim Goldstein Verlag, Tel Aviv, 1939)? tbey made it in Bingen, this Rosh Hashana, are some very intangible things I find in These and many other publications are now We conversation, as it often does when Yekkes common with people of my generation from exhibited in the Bonn University Library. ^eet, ranged the lengths and breadths of a " Refujew" background. Not least is a The impressive new Library Building Mishpochology. The ins and outs of a forth­ nodding acquaintance with the German coming Chupah having been disposed of, the language. Another is a peculiar sort of aca­ (opened in 1961) offers sufficient open space forthcoming A.G.M. of the Old Age Home was demic intellect. A third is even more indefin­ for a suitable display of the showcases. Never­ oroached. On this topic there was no stop­ able, but stems from a different approach to theless, it cannot have been an easy task to ping them. The possible paucity of helpers the English Class system, from that of my select the exhibits out of the 800 volumes of in ^ ten years' time was mentioned. equals in the present generation of English Exile Literature originally owned by an . ' But what about the younger people ? " I Jews. emigrant from Augsburg, Hein Kohn, and interjected, " I don't even know how many of I find (and this is a generalisation) that I acquired by the Library two years ago. This your AJR friends have got daughters ". This know more " Refujew" children than young task has been successfully accomplished, remark on my part was highly relevant. The Anglo-Jews who have been to Germany, and small industrial town where I live gave shelter can view the subject of Germany without especially due to the work of Dr. Guenther 10 a number of families from Germany. None exploding. Maybe this is because, although Soffke. Of these families have daughters. There are there is the unmentionable side to Germany The material is, in the first place, classified tamilies with two sons, with three and even, which we all abhor, I have been educated with according to political categories. Under the A.en Yirbu, with four. The energetic father a certain gloss of German Culture which my nas been heard to remark that he'd like a Anglo-Jewish counterpart hasn't got, and he heading "Analysis of the German Tragedy" lootball team. therefore sees only the anti-German viewpoint. we find, among others, works by Leopold Half the gathering pretended not to hear my " The trouble with Jews is that they can Schwarzschild ("The End of the Illusion," 'emark so I repeated it. " I'm twenty-two ", always see both sides of the question." Some­ 1934), Fritz Sternberg ("Fascism in Power," ^ said, " And it's about time ". times I feel I see all three. 1935), Konrad Heiden ("The Birth of the You don't only want a Jewish girl, but it I realise that I am letting myself in for a Third Reich," 1934) and Oscar Meyer (" From SJist be one of us ? " came the aghast reply, request for a three-guinea subscription, but I Bismarck to Hitler," 1944). The collection ^ne lighthearted discussion provoked, how­ feel that not only should younger refugees be of pamphlets includes Alfred Kerr's "Diktatur ever, some serious thoughts. drawn into AJR and its useful work, but there des Hausknechts" (1934) and the brochure Someone's got to run the Home when we is surely mutual benefit to be gained by recruiting the Children of Refugees. of the Social Democratic Bavarian post-war "love into it." Prime Minister Wilhelm Hoegner, "Fascism Your parents-in-law will speak with a bad accent like we do ; that's something you'll have WORKS BY GERMAN AUTHORS IN EXILE and the Intellectual" (Karlsbad, 1934). The in common." section " Theory and Practice of the Persecu­ Later in the day my family sat down to tea, EXHIBITION IN BONN tion of the Jews" includes Wolfgang Lang­ insisting of boiled eggs and Aufschnitt. I A display of literature produced by German hoff and Lion Feuchtwanger (" The Yellow proceeded to cut the top of my egg with a authors in exile is bound to be fragmentary. Badge ", Paris, 1936). «nife. My father tapped his with a spoon and peeled the sheU. Nevertheless, any venture of this kind is to One special section deals with "The Third , Yours is the Continental way ", he said. be welcomed, because it brings to light facts Reich in Novels and Short Stories", another „ I learnt it from you." unknown to, or forgotten by, the wider public. one with " Fates of Emigres ". There are also But it's not done ". he replied, For instance, who knows that, in 1934, Emil biographies of Jewish personalities, and no reminded me again of my Central Euro- Ludwig wrote a book about "Fuehrer exhibits of literary works (in alphabetical ,„fi origins and I asked where the AJR Europas " (Querido Verlag, Amsterdam), that order), by Vicky Baum, Doeblin, Feucht­ '^formation was. the " Phoenix " series (Paris) published works wanger, Bruno Frank and Georg Hermann In the dustbin." by Paul Westheim and Alfred Kantorowicz, (who. as the inscription states, perished in »,,! went to look for it. The bin was empty. that a lecture about Hieronymus Bosch, I'ne dustman had been. That clinched the Auschwitz or Birkenau), Irmgard Keun, delivered by Geheimrat Max L. Friedlaender, Koestler, Else Lasker-Schueler, Thomas, Hein­ R fT ^"^ ^ P"* P^" ^° paper. the former Director of the Berlin Kupferstich­ Jp'Reflecting on my girl friends at university, rich and Klaus Mann, Joseph Roth Bruno ma- P^^t few years, I realised that the kabinett, was published at The Hague in 1941 ? Schoenlank, Toller, Berthold Viertel 'Wasser- 'ajonty were, as had been remarked, "not Who could have imagined that there are still mann and Werfel. E G L

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Page 12 AJR INFORMATION October, 1964 LETTER TO THE EDITOR RECEPTION FOR S. ADLERRUDEL A reception was held in honour of Mr. Sir, For some time past I have been working All those who are in possession of any Shalom Adler-Rudel during his recent visit to on a dissertation on documents in this line are asked to contact Britain. The main reason for the reception, held under the auspices of Poale Zion, was to " THE POSITION OF IBE JEWS IN THE me. so that I can investigate into the possi­ bilities of u^ing the material in connection mark the 70th birthday of Mr. Adler-Rudel, a PRUSSIAN-GERMAN ARMY FROM 1812 former chairman of Poale Zion in Britain and TO 1914." with my dissertation. It goes without saying that all charges will a former vice-president of the Zionist Federa­ As the Prussian archives were burned down in be borne by me. tion. In the June issue of this journal (pa^e April, 1945, it is no longer possible to do Thank you in advance for your help! 10) we have ourselves paid tribute to this research work in their records. Therefore I Yours, etc., outstanding Jewish personality. depend on securing corresponding material Zionist leaders recalled Mr. Adler-Rudel s through other channels, the same comprising : HORST FISCHER. work in the past for Poale Zion and his efforts Semiruir fuer Zeitgeschichte 1. Copies of decrees and rescripts of the to assist Jewish refugees. Dr. S. Levenberg, Universitaet, Jewish Agency representative in Britain, gave Prussian Ministry of War and the Interior Tuebingen (Germany). as to enlistment and promotion of Jewish an appraisal of Mr. Adler-Rudel's work for the Volunteers and Jews liable to serve in Leo Baeck Institute and made a plea for work the Army. JUDAICA EXHIBITION to be started soon on a history of the culture 2. Correspondence between Jewish soldiers of German Jewry. An exhibition in the Jewish Historical Replying in Yiddish, Mr. Adler-Rudel spoke and their corps headquarters conceming Museum in Amsterdam featured coloured litho­ disrespect or antisemitic comportment of of the present struggle in Israel between the graphs from costume Books showing Jewish State and the rabbinical authorities. Religion, their fellow soldiers and other discrimi­ men and women from many Oriental and East nations. he said, was a factor which many Zionists had European countries in their distinctive dress neglected. 3. Memoirs, letters and other personal notes in the eighteenth century. The exhibits were of Jewish soldiers taken during that a small selection from the private collection FESTSCHRIFT FOR MARGARETE SUSMAN period. of Judaica of Dr. Arthur Polak, the chairman 4. Statement of ranking conditions of the of the board of the Central Jewish Hospital in To mark the recent 90th birthday of the Jewish soldiers, their number in the Amsterdam. They also included Jewish coins thinker and authoress Margarete Susman, a respective age-groups, percentage of one- and medals, late sixteenth-century maps of Festschrift under the title "Auf gespaltnem year volunteers, as well as their quali­ Palestine, seventeenth-century spice and etrog Pfad" will shortly be published by Erato fications. boxes, eighteenth-century Chanucah lamps and Presse, Darmstadt. The 370-page book 5. Number of promotions and decorations. rare Dutch-Jewish settlement documents.— (DM 48) will carry special contributions from Whoever knows of thf. conditions of the 19th (J.C). 28 authors, including Hugo Bergmann, Max century is acquainted with the superior role Brod, Martin Buber, Erich Kahler, Erich Luetn, of the Prussian and later the German Army in NON-JEWISH STUDENTS ENROL FOR Eugen Rosenstock-Huessy, Gershom Scholem and Robert Weltsch. Germany. YIDDISH COURSE In my estimation it seems to be an important contribution to the records of the Thirty students have enrolled for the course EXHIBrriON OF WORKS BY history of the German Jews that a large- in Yiddish given at the Amsterdam University ELSE MEIDNER scale study conceming the relationship of the by Dr. L. Fuchs. Out of the 30 only one is Else Meidner, the well-known painter and, German Jews to this institution be made. This Jewish. incidentally, a staunch supporter of the work contribution cannot be rendered today without The course is given wihin the framework of of the AJR, will hold an exhibition of her the help of former German Jews throughout the permanent lectureship in Yiddish at the paintings at the Ben Uri Art Gallery, 21 Dean the world. university. Street, from October 22 onwards.

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