Annual Report 2019-20

Centre for Multi-Disciplinary Development Research (An ICSSR Institute) Dr. Ambedkar Nagar, Near Y. Shettar Colony, Dharwad-580004, Karnataka www.cmdr.ac.in

ANNUAL REPORT 2019-20

CONTENTS

i. Preface 3-6

1. Profile of CMDR 8 2. Objectives 9 3. Our Vision 10-11 4. Governance 12-15 5. Committees 16-21 6. Faculty and Supporting Staff 22-25 7. Thrust Areas 26-31 8. Research Studies Completed: 2019-20 32-37 9. Ongoing Projects 38-53 10. Doctoral Programmes 54-56 11. National / International Programmes 57 12. Endowments / Chairs of Distinction 58-74 13. Support Services 75-76 14. Publications 77-78 15. Seminars/Workshops/ Training Programmes / 79-83 Discussion Meetings, etc. Organized by CMDR 16. Participation of Faculty in Conferences/ 84-86 Seminars/Workshops/Lectures/ Meetings 17. Participation in Other Academic Activities 87-92 18. Distinguished Visitors 93 19. Representation of Faculty in Different Bodies 94-96

Centre for Multi-disciplinary Development Research (CMDR)

Preface

At the outset I sincerely thank Indian Council of Social Science Research (ICSSR), New Delhi and Department of Higher Education, Government of Karnataka for the support and encouragement in pushing further the research agenda of the Centre.

The release of the Annual Report for 2019-20 is a proud moment for CMDR. It provides an overview of academic activities conducted during the year and also outlines the way forward. The previous year has been quite fulfilling with an array of activities that included lectures by eminent scholars, national seminars, capacity building programmes and research projects on topical themes.

Major Milestone:

VISIT OF ICSSR’s REVIEW COMMITTEE

The Review Committee of ICSSR visited CMDR on 16th and 17th May, 2019. ICSSR conducts such review of the Institutes to have first hand information about the performance of the Institute both in terms of academic and non academic/administrative issues. Four Members Committee visited CMDR and reviewed the activities of the Institute. The Chairman and Members of the Review Committee were very appreciative of the academic activities that the Centre has undertaken during the review period. They also appreciated accounts and administrative procedures followed at the Institute. They did talk to Chairman, Director, Faculty, Staff and Ph.D. Students separately to elicit necessary information. We sincerely thank the review team as well as ICSSR for providing this opportunity to CMDR.

Activities During the Year :

The mission of CMDR has been to undertake research keeping in mind the fact that the ultimate beneficiary of research should be the society at large. For doing so, the research studies have focused on developmental issues, such as, education, health, de-addiction, water supply and sanitation, empowerment and capacity building, especially of marginalized sections of society, decentralization, social inclusion, environmental protection, etc. This year CMDR did carry out capacity building programmes for the benefit of its Ph.D. students.

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Few important studies were completed relating to the issues pertaining to Water Supply and Sanitation, Economics of Tobacco Farming, Migration, Education of Scheduled Castes, Common Property Resources and Indian Siddi Tribes.

Out of the many training programmes mention needs to be Thirty-five Research Scholars are pursuing made about the Summer School their Doctoral Studies at CMDR during the on “Health Policy Analysis : reporting year. Theory and Measurements” in collaboration with Indian Health Economics and Policy Association (IHEPA) and Azim Premji University, Bengaluru. The course targeted M.Phil/ Ph.D students and early career researchers working on applied health economics and policy. The Institute also organized 8 day course “Econometric Analysis for Social Scientists”. This programme was backed up by an orientation event on “CS Pro- The Data Entry Software”. Other capacity building events included “Quantitative Techniques in Social Science Research”, E Data Bases and the like.

A total of 6 lectures were organize under the banner “Social Science Lecture Series” on different facets of social science research like Philosophical Foundation for Research, Basics of Social Science Research, “Building an Argument- For Critical Reading to Writing”, Hypotheses Testing, Literature Review and such related topics.

A two day national level seminar was organized on “India’s Foreign Policy in a Changing World Order”. Good number of researched papers were received and presented during the event. Select papers from the seminar will be considered for publication in an edited book. Centre jointly with Giri Institute of Development Studies (GIDS), Lucknow (UP) organized the Report Dissemination Seminar of the study “Economics of Tobacco Farming in India” at Giri Institute of Development Studies (GIDS), Lucknow (UP).

Prof. Pradeep Apte delivered a lecture under the endowment in honor of Prof. P.R.Panachamukhi on “Higher Education : Changes and Challenges”.

The Centre has two Chairs, viz., Dr. D. M. Nanjundappa Chair and Sri Abdul Nazir Sab Panchayat Raj Chair. Under the former Chair, CMDR conducts research on ‘Regional Inequalities’, especially in the context of Karnataka and in comparison with other states of India. The aim of CMDR is to not only undertake 4

Centre for Multi-disciplinary Development Research (CMDR)

a comparison of incomes across various regions of Karnataka, but also investigate the inequalities in other development indicators. The review and evaluation of Special Development Plan as recommended by DMN report also constitutes one of the crucial agenda for the Centre. In this background a Two Volume Book was published by Prof.V.B. Annigeri and Dr. S.V. Hanagodimath entitled “Regional Imbalances in Karnataka” by Serials Publication.

Under the Abdul Nazir Sab Panchayat Raj Chair, one of the crucial activities is to conduct research on themes related to decentralization of power and functioning of Gram Panchayats and Gram Sabhas as agents of change and development of rural society in India. Besides this, the Centre has also pursued capacity building of Gram Panchayat Members, particularly those belonging to Scheduled Caste and Scheduled Tribes and provided them training pertaining to the conduct of Gram Sabhas. The Institute organized a public lecture under ANS Chair. Dr. Meenakshi Sundaram S.S., Former Principal Secretary, Rural Development and Panchayat Raj Department, Govt. of Karnataka, delivered a lecture on “Contribution of Shri Abdul Nazir Sab in Strengthening Panchayat Raj Institutions in Karnataka”. Shri Kota Shrinivas Poojari, Hon’ble Ministert for Muzrai, Fisheries, Ports and Inland Transport Department, Government of Karnataka was the Chief Guest.

Under both these Chairs many events like Capacity Building Programmes, Panel Discussions and Studies relating to the Issues under the Chair have been initiated.

Finance remains a crucial issue for CMDR in sustaining and increasing the growth of human resources. Despite the fact that the Centre is located in North Karnataka, which is the focus of developmental policies of the Government of Karnataka, CMDR is yet to get its due recognition for its research contribution as input for policy making. CMDR hopes that it will be able to mobilize adequate resources from Government of Karnataka.

The Centre tries to balance its research studies and research output keeping in view the constraints of human and financial resources and the research voids, especially the regional and sectoral contexts.

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I thank Prof. V.R. Panchamukhi, Founder Member and Prof. P.R. Panchamukhi, Chairman, CMDR for their unstinted support and guidance. I also thank Shri Chiranjiv Singh, Prof. M. V. Nadkarni, Prof. Vikas Chitre, Prof. Ravindra Dholakia, Prof. Sudarshan Iyengar, Prof. JBG Tilak, Prof. Pushpa Trivedi, Prof. Meena Kumari Deshpande, Prof. Anil Mudbidri, Prof. Hussain Khan, Dr. A.N. Kabbur and Shri Vilas Datar for their guidance and support. I also thank Prof. Ravi Kanbur, Prof. Pradeep Apte and Prof. S. Sivanna whose academic contributions have taken CMDR to new heights, my colleagues, both academic and non-academic whose collective contribution is so very essential for sustainable development of CMDR. I sincerely thank all of them.

V.B.Annigeri Director

Centre for Multi-disciplinary Development Research (CMDR)

The Centre gratefully acknowledges the support received from:

♦ Indian Council of Social Science Research (ICSSR), New Delhi ♦ Government of Karnataka (GoK), Bangalore ♦ Canara Bank, Bangalore ♦ Indian Overseas Bank, Chennai ♦ Industrial Finance Corporation of India (IFCI), Bangalore ♦ Mangalore University, Mangalore ♦ Kannada University, Hampi ♦ Karnatak University, Dharwad ♦ Rani Chennamma University, Belgaum ♦ CMR University, Bangalore ♦ University of Massachusetts, Amherst ♦ Campaign for Tobacco Free Kids (CTFK), USA ♦ Karnataka Evaluation Authority, Govt. of Karnataka ♦ USAID, Washington DC, USA ♦ Azim Premji University, Bengaluru

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Profile of CMDR

The Centre for Multi-disciplinary Development Research (CMDR) has been functioning since 1976 as an autonomous non-profit research organization. The genesis of CMDR can be attributed to the foresight and advice of a band of dedicated and eminent social scientists of the country. The aims and objectives of the Centre include conducting research on developmental issues that are relevant at regional, national and global levels. The approach of analysis is usually a multi- disciplinary framework, covering social, economic, political and cultural dimensions of human behaviour. The Centre is also known for its action research. In addition, there is an attempt to judiciously combine theoretical perspectives and empirical realities in the analysis of developmental issues.

Location

The Centre is located in Dharwad (Karnataka), which is about 430 kms towards north west of Bengaluru (the capital city of Karnataka), and therefore combines both rural and urban features. The Centre has the unique advantage of providing a suitable ambience for analysis of the developmental issues and regional economy at the grassroot level. Given the fact that there has been an unduly large concentration of research institutions in urban and metropolitan areas of the country as also in Karnataka, establishment and survival of a National Institute in smaller cities is undisputedly a challenging task. In North Karnataka, which is supposedly backward in terms of socio-economic indicators as compared with Southern Karnataka, there is a significant scope for strengthening the institutional infrastructure for conducting socio-economic analysis of regional problems. Considering these dimensions and the unique features of CMDR, the Indian Council of Social Science Research (ICSSR), New Delhi, accorded recognition to CMDR as a national level social science research institute and began funding its research activities since 1991.

Centre for Multi-disciplinary Development Research (CMDR)

Objectives

CMDR has set for itself the following major objectives:

1. To undertake and promote social science research with a focus on multi- disciplinary approach and contribute to the analysis of development process.

2. To undertake research on the socio-economic issues and cultural themes pertaining to the Indian society and the developing societies in general and Karnataka in particular.

3. To arrange for permanent and continuous investigation of socio- economic problems and attempt to recast the various accepted theoretical frames into a new mould of relevance to the socio-economic characteristics of the society.

4. To carry out social science research sponsored/funded or requested by governments, organizations of employers, workers, international agencies, or other bodies or persons interested in promoting studies of socio-economic issues.

5. To undertake action research on issues of socio-economic relevance.

6. To build up a research and reference library in social sciences and related disciplines.

7. To undertake publications of research studies and bring out professional journal of suitable periodicity.

8. To conduct refresher courses, research methodology courses, training/other capacity building programmes and research Seminars on Social Sciences.

9. To undertake and publish studies on cultural themes with a multi-disciplinary approach.

CMDR has functioned with the above objectives in the past and aims to pursue such initiatives in future as well.

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Our Vision

CMDR has been in existence for more than a quarter of a century. Every passing year provides us with the opportunity for introspection and future planning. CMDR has witnessed tumultuous struggle in the past for its survival. It struggles for strengthening itself as a major think tank in north Karnataka for its sustenance and growth continue. CMDR’s future initiatives aim at making it an academically vibrant social science research institute with national and global presence and financially a viable institution. Those who have been observing development of CMDR since its inception must have noted that CMDR has been known as an institute focusing on social sectors, especially education and health, which it regards as the triggers for the overall development of the region and its people. The Centre has also focused on the micro level perspectives of the sector/s or sub-sectors. This is because while the aggregative perspectives may be helpful, micro level perspectives are necessary for understanding the various nuances of the developmental issues and necessary ingredients for policy making. CMDR has also initiated research on the themes of decentralized governance and panchayati raj, which are so very crucial for empowerment at grassroot levels. The micro level studies on evaluation in the field of education, health, environmental challenges associated with life styles (like smoking, gutka, passive smoking, etc., and their effects on air quality, health and even education) conducted by the Centre are too important to be overlooked.

It may not be an overstatement that CMDR has been one of the pioneering institutes among the ICSSR institutes in conducting action research. There have been many firsts for CMDR, as far as social science research is concerned. CMDR is probably one of the first institutes in Karnataka, if not in the southern region of the country, to undertake pioneering studies in tobacco economics, tobacco cultivation and tobacco consumption, integrated action research with academic research; it is perhaps one of the very few institutes emphasizing the importance of supply side controls and the need for coordinated international level initiatives for effective tobacco control; it is also probably the first to highlight the need for systematic studies of merit bads, such as, addiction to tobacco, alcohol, etc.

CMDR is the first to demonstrate the usefulness of novel approaches in decision making, such as, sectoral accounting systems (like health accounting, educational accounting, natural resource accounting, etc.); its action research in terms of adoption of certain villages for tobacco and health economics studies, etc. and combining with insights derived from academic research studies with regard to selected areas, can be considered highly challenging and useful. The Centre has been emphasizing the importance of multi- disciplinary perspectives in its research and trying to pool different expertise on a common research platform to deliberate on the issues of socio-economic development.

Centre for Multi-disciplinary Development Research (CMDR)

The Centre has been designated as an Education Data Bank and its very detailed Data and Information System publications on Elementary Education and Higher Education have been considered as pioneering attempts in compilation, processing and presentation of the quantitative and qualitative data on these sub-sectors of education.

The initiatives taken by the Centre in the field of environmental economics, such as, trade and environment, common property resources, study of medicinal plants, water resource management are quite notable and they need to be further strengthened.

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Governance

Prof. P R Panchamukhi Prof. V R Panchamukhi (Founder Member) (Founder Member), Chairman &Professor Emeritus, Former Chairman, ICSSR, New Delhi CMDR, Dharwad

Prof. Vikas Chitre Prof. M V Nadkarni (Member), (Member), Director, Indian School of Former Vice-Chancellor, Political Economy, Pune University of Gulbarga

Centre for Multi-disciplinary Development Research (CMDR)

Shri. Chiranjeev Singh, IAS Dr. A N Kabbur (Member), (Member), Former Additional Chief Secretary, Consulting Physician, Government of Karnataka, Bangalore Dharwad

Prof. S. Mahendra Dev Prof. SudarshanIyengar (Member), (Member), Director (Vice Chancellor), Vice Chancellor, Gujarat Vidyapeeth, IGIDR, Mumbai Ahmedabad

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Prof. Anil Mudbidri Dr. C G Husain Khan (Member), (Member), Professor (Retd), Dept. of Sociology, Professor (Retd), Dept. of Anthropology Karnatak University, Dharwad Karnatak University, Dharwad

Prof. Jandhyala B. G. Tilak Prof. Pushpa Trivedi (Member), (Member), Professor & Head Professor (Economics) National University of Educational Indian Institute of Technology Planningand Administration Bombay New Delhi

Centre for Multi-disciplinary Development Research (CMDR)

Prof. Ravindra Dholakia H Shri Vilas Datara Dr. V. MeenaKumari Deshpande (Member), (Member), (Member), Professor of Economics High Court Advocate, Professor and Chairperson, Indian Institute of Management- Bangalore Dept. of Political Science Bangalore University, Bangalore Ahmedabad

Ex - Officio Members :

Prof. Virendra Kumar Prof. P.V. Krishna Bhatta Prof.V.B.Annigeri Malhotra (Member Secretary), (Member- ICSSR Nominee), Member Secretary Chancellor, CMDR, Dharwad (Member) Central University of Odisha Indian Council of Social Science Research New Delhi

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Committees

Academic Research Programme Committee (ARPC)

Prof. V.B. Annigeri Chairman Director, CMDR

Prof. P.R. Panchamukhi Special Invitee Professor Emeritus, CMDR

Prof. Sivanna N. Special Invitee (Rtd.) Adjunct Professor, R.K.Hegde Chair, Institute of Social and Economic Change (ISEC), Bangalore.

Prof. Meena Deshpande Member Dept. of Political Science Bangalore University

Prof. Anil Mudbidri Member Member of the Governing Council, CMDR

Prof. Hussain Khan Member Member of the Governing Council, CMDR

Prof. Muzaffar Assadi Member Professor, Dept. of Studies in Political Science University of Mysore

Prof. Chandrasekhar S Member Professor, IGIDR, Mumbai

Prof. Venkatrao P Member Hyderabad University, Telangana

Centre for Multi-disciplinary Development Research (CMDR)

Prof. K. Tarachand Member Chairman, Dept. of Anthropology, Karnatak University, Dharwad

Prof. R. R. Biradar Member Chairman, Dept. of Economics, Karnatak University, Dharwad

Prof. Yariswamy M Member Chairman, Dept. of Political Science Karnatak University, Dharwad

Prof. Nayanatara Nayak Member Professor, CMDR

Dr. Brahmanandam T. Member Associate Professor, CMDR

Dr. A.R. Kulkarni Member & Convener Assistant Professor, CMDR

Dr. Jai Prabhakar S.C. Member Assistant Professor, CMDR

Dr. Shiddalingaswami Hanagodimath Member Assistant Professor, CMDR

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Finance Committee

Porf. P. R. Panchamukhi Chairman Professor Emeritus, CMDR, Dharwad

Dr. A. N. Kabbur Member Consulting Physician, Dharwad

Prof. Anil Mudbidri Member Professor (Retd), Dept. of Sociology, Karnatak University, Dharwad

Ex Officio Members

The Member Secretary Member ICSSR, New Delhi

Prof.V.B.Annigeri Member Secretary Director, CMDR

Centre for Multi-disciplinary Development Research (CMDR)

Dr. D. M. Nanjundappa (DMN) Chair :

Advisory Committee

Prof. P R Panchamukhi Chairman Professor Emeritus, CMDR, Dharwad

Prof. G K Kadekodi Member Former Director, ISEC, Banagalore

Prof. Pradeep Apte Visiting Professor Honorary \Visiting Faculty member of (From July, 2019) Gokhale Institute of Politics and Economics Pune

Prof. Ravi Kanbur Visiting Professor T.H. Lee Professor of World Affairs, International Professor of Applied Economics, and Professor of Economics at Cornell University

Prof. Chaya Degaonkar Member Professor, Gulbarga University, Gulbarga

Principal Secretary Member (Ex-officio) Dept. of Higher Education, Govt. of Karnataka, Bangalore

Principal Secretary Member (Ex-officio) Dept. of Planning, Govt. of Karnataka, Bangalore

Professor & Chairman Member (Ex-officio) Department of Economics, Karnatak University, Dharwad

Director CMDR, Dharwad Member Secretary

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Shri Abdul Nazir Sab (ANS) Panchayat Raj Chair :

Advisory Committee

Honorable Minister for Panchayat Raj and Chairman Rural Development Government of Karnataka, Bangalore

Principal Secretary Member Panchayat Raj and Rural Development Government of Karnataka, Bangalore

Prof. P R Panchamukhi Member Chairman, CMDR Dharwad

Chief Executive Officer Member Zilla Panchayat Dharwad District Dharwad

Chief Executive Officer Member Zilla Panchayat Raichur District Raichur

Director Member Centre for Multi-Disciplinary Development Research (CMDR) Dharwad

Prof. Abdul Aziz, Member 328, Teachers’ Colony, Nagarabhavi PO Bangalore.

Shri D.R. Patil, Member Former MLA, Gadag

Centre for Multi-disciplinary Development Research (CMDR)

Prof. N. Sivanna Member Visiting Professor, ANS Panchayat Raj Chair

Dr. Prakash Bhat Member Secretary, SCOPE, Dharwad

Prof. Nayanatara S. Nayak I/c Chair Professor Professor, CMDR, Dharwad

V T Hungund Ex-Officio Member Coordinator Deputy Registrar (Admn) C.M.D.R., Dharwad.

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Faculty and Supporting Staff

Professor Emeritus /Honorary Professor / Visiting Professor

Name Research Interest

P R Panchamukhi Public Economics, Economics of Education, Professor Emeritus Economics of Health, Development Economics, Tobacco Economics

Ravi Kanbur Public Economics, Theory of Income Visiting Professor Distribution, Theory of Decision-Making Under Dr. D.M. Nanjundappa Chair Uncertainty, Inequality, Poverty and Development, Agriculture and Development, Rural-Urban Migration and Commodity Price Stabilization, Labor Markets, Informality and Urbanization, Macroeconomic Stabilization and Structural Adjustment in Developing Countries Aid Policy, Global Public Goods and Development Institutions

Pradeep Apte International Trade, Public Economics, Visiting Professor Agricultural Economics, Econometrics Dr. D.M. Nanjundappa Chair (From July, 2019)

N. Sivanna Decentralisation; Rural and Urban Governance; Visiting Professor, Development Administration; and Bureaucracy Abdul Nazir Sab Panchayat and Development Raj Chair

Centre for Multi-disciplinary Development Research (CMDR)

Faculty Research Interest

Director

Vinod B Annigeri Economics of Health, Economics of Education, Director Tobacco Economics, Action Research, Issues in Ph.D. in Economics Decentralization and Panchayat Raj (Mangalore University)

Professor

Nayanatara S Nayak Economics of Health, Tobacco/Alcohol Control Ph.D. in Economics related issues, Environmental Economics, (Mangalore University) Action Research, Issues in Decentralization and Panchayat Raj

Associate Professor Discourse on Communalism and Communal

T.Brahmanandam Riots; Health of Women and Girl Child; Ph.D. in Political Science Development of Scheduled Castes, Panchayat (University of Hyderabad) Raj Institutions.

Assistant Professors

Arunkumar R Kulkarni Environmental Economics, Agricultural Ph.D. in Economics Economics, Rural Development, Economics of (Mangalore University) Health

Jai Prabhakar S C Health and Nutrition, Cultural Studies, Tribal Ph.D. in Anthropology studies and Rural Development, Development Anthropology, Medical Anthropology, Dalit (University of Mysore) Education, Ethnographic Studies.

Shiddalingaswami Hanagodimath Human Capital, Regional Imbalances, Ph.D. in Economics Economic Growth, Poverty (Karnatak University)

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Supporting Staff

Name Designation

Research/Statistical Assistants

D R Revankar Research Assistant Narayan Billava Research Assistant (ANS Chair)

Administration

V T Hungund Deputy Registrar (Admin) Mukund Kallapur Administrative Assistant

Accounts

A S Raichur Deputy Registrar (Accounts) Sameer Huddar Accounts Assistant

Director’s office

B P Bagalkot Secretary to the Director (SG) Shridhar Dixit General Assistant

Library Staff

Jayashree Kulkarni Deputy Librarian Meena V Hungund Library Assistant

Centre for Multi-disciplinary Development Research (CMDR)

Computer Centre

Gururaj V Haribhat Technical Assistant Jayateerth Purohit Computer Assistant VijayaVeena Data Entry Operator

Other Staff

S M Meti Junior Assistant (Dr. DMN Chair) Bharatesh Akki Driver-cum-Attender Ramesh Patwari Printer-cum-Xerox Operator

B R Vannur Attender

Security

Laxman Dodamani Watchman

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Thrust Areas

The Centre has identified the following thrust areas for research to be undertaken in the near future. These areas have been identified by taking into account: (i) the emerging areas of research in the context of social, economic and political transformation in the country; and, (ii) the areas of specialization that CMDR has developed over time. Needless to mention that item (ii) has been developed in consistency with item (i).

1. Education and Development

♦ Sociological and political dimensions of educational development ♦ Inclusive Education ♦ Linkages between educational development and development of other sectors ♦ Quality and standard of education ♦ Database for the educational sector ♦ Globalization and education (challenges of entry of foreign institutions, foreign funding, brain drain of the educated, etc) ♦ Private Public - Partnerships (PPP) in education ♦ Equity in access, utilization and performance in education (with a focus on gender, regional and other social dimensions) ♦ Financing of and resources for, education ♦ Issues of governance ♦ Education accounts ♦ Scope and institutional framework of vocational / professional education ♦ Policy Analysis of primary, secondary and higher education ♦ Linguistic Studies

2. Health and Development

♦ Economic, sociological and political dimensions of health care services of different social groups ♦ Database for health sector. ♦ Linkages between health sector development and development of other sectors ♦ Community mobilization for healthcare services

Centre for Multi-disciplinary Development Research (CMDR)

♦ Globalization and health services (implications of WTO, globalization, and equity concerns, etc.) ♦ Private Public - Partnership (PPP) in healthcare services ♦ Resource costs of morbidity ♦ Health accounts – including sub regional and disease specific accounts

3. New Paradigms of Livelihood in the Rural Sector

CMDR has done extensive action research in the field of tobacco economics with a special focus on issues related to tobacco cultivation and tobacco consumption in India, health implications of tobacco consumption, shifting from tobacco cultivation to other livelihood achieving pursuits, subsidies from the government for tobacco sector, etc. Encouraged by the success realized in these action research studies, CMDR proposes to widen its scope of action research activities by including the research on challenges in shifting patterns of livelihood in the rural sector. It proposes to undertake research/action research in the following specific areas:

♦ Water resources and cropping pattern ♦ Off-farm avenues for livelihood ♦ Shifts in the social and cultural living conditions in the rural areas ♦ Gender issues in shifting patterns of livelihood ♦ Micro-financing and livelihood; Different initiatives in the financial sector and their implications for the livelihood opportunities of the poor ♦ Challenges in women empowerment eradication of child labour ♦ Rural urban migration; impact of urbanization on rural livelihood system ♦ Food security issues ♦ Farmers' suicides: Multi-disciplinary perspectives with a focus on implications of the prevailing institutional support system for livelihood

4. Social Costs of Income-centric Development

CMDR recognizes that development is a multi-dimensional phenomenon. Growth of GDP alone would not define the scope, content and value of development in relation to the goal of realizing optimum welfare for the people of a nation. This perception is in conformity with the objective of adopting multi-disciplinary

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approach in the study of the problems of the society. It is proposed to undertake a series of studies at the regional level, sub-regional level and village level to analyze the social costs of development process that is pursued with an overwhelming focus on the economic aspects. The programme of analytical research and action research in this thrust area can deal with the following specific issues:

♦ Human Development and economic growth ♦ Impact of economic growth on employment ♦ Impact of economic growth on poverty eradication ♦ Challenges of inclusive economic growth ♦ Impact of economic growth on cultural aspects of the society ♦ Impact of economic growth on values and social institutions

5. Challenges to Sustainable Development

♦ Issues relating to environmental economics ♦ Forest resources, water resources and sustainability of development; challenges of drinking water supply in rural and urban areas ♦ Common property resources and the poor ♦ Politics, sociology and economics of inter-state distribution of river water ♦ Natural resources accounting with sub regional perspectives

6. Tobacco and Alcohol (Economics, Control and Health Issues) Research

CMDR’s initiative on tobacco research as part of action research on tobacco control dates back to the late nineties. Since then, the efforts of CMDR have continued in this sphere. CMDR has been recognized internationally for its research and role in acting as a thinktank for facilitating policy discussions in the field of tobacco control. However, the tobacco menace continues to haunt the society and there are miles to go in the direction of a tobacco-free society. There is surely much scope and need to pursue tobacco control programmes without ignoring the problem of alternative livelihood opportunities for the farmers who are required to shift from tobacco cultivation to alternative crops.

Centre for Multi-disciplinary Development Research (CMDR)

7. Action Research

Action research contains an inquiry, which is participative, experimental, and action oriented. The discipline of action research relies on the assumption that theory can be translated into practice. This body of knowledge tries to bridge the gap between academics and popular wisdom, which constitutes the basic concern for practitioners.

Another major objective of CMDR is to combine conceptual research with action research so that the gains in the domain of theory can be effectively used to benefit the community in addressing real life situations. The research projects of CMDR, right from the beginning have been designed to contain action research component. The team of researchers at the Centre has been trying to help the community and policy makers by passing on the lessons from the pure academic research and facilitate the process of implementing the lessons on the ground.

8. Capacity Building Activities

One of the main objectives of the Centre is to serve as a Think-Tank for the researchers and policy makers through its various targeted capacity building programmes and also publications. The Centre has been striving to this objective over the past two and half decades. After receiving the recognition from the Indian Council of Social Science Research (ICSSR), New Delhi, in 1991, as a national level Social Science Research Institute, the activities of the Centre in this connection have developed more vigorously.

The capacity building programmes undertaken by the Centre have taken the following forms:

♦ Capacity Building for Research ♦ Orientation courses focusing on the application of statistical and econometric tools for faculty teaching at graduate and post-graduate levels ♦ M.Phil./Ph.D. Programme (affiliated to Select Universities in Karnataka) at the Centre ♦ Awareness Programmes to build the Analytical Capabilities of People Regarding Various Socio-Economic Issues

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♦ Bringing out CMDR’s research studies in the form of publications and monographs under CMDR Monograph Series ♦ Developing Socio-Economic Databank with a focus on specific issues ♦ Developing Inter-institutional collaboration ♦ Library and Information System ♦ Capacity Building through CMDR's Action Research Projects

9. Research and Development Initiatives in Diverse Areas

Though the study of ‘social sectors’ happens to be the main focus of research at CMDR, other issues also have received the attention of researchers associated with the Centre. CMDR's research and developmental activities have experienced the necessity of studying sectors other than social sector for the purpose of a better understanding of the social sector itself. The impact of natural calamities on school attendance, the relationship of overall fiscal position of the Centre/State with the expenditure on social sectors, behaviour of financial institutions during liquidity crunch, etc., are pertinent from the point of view of studies on social sector.

The Centre has undertaken a number of studies on sectors/themes besides education and health. Some of these are as follows:

♦ District Human Development ♦ Problems of Unorganized Sector and Economic Reforms ♦ Pros and Cons of 24 X 7 Water Supply Schemes ♦ Resettlement and Rehabilitation in Developmental Projects ♦ Role of Banks in Economic Development ♦ Socio Economic Development of North and South Karnataka ♦ Technological Diffusion in the Farm Sector ♦ Evaluation of Indira AwaasYojana ♦ Economic Effects of Multinationals ♦ Trade Strategies and Employment ♦ Panchayat Raj ♦ Federal Financial Relations ♦ Socio Economic and Environmental Assessment of Reforms in the Power Sector ♦ Analysis of the Budgets

Centre for Multi-disciplinary Development Research (CMDR)

♦ Employment Affirmation Programme ♦ Common Property Resources ♦ Indological Studies ♦ Gender Studies ♦ Housing ♦ Rural Development ♦ Sustainable Agricultural Development ♦ Environment-economy linkages, etc. ♦ Marginalised groups like Scheduled Caste and Scheduled Tribes ♦ Dalit and Tribal Studies / Issues

The above list is only indicative of the direction in which the research initiatives of the Centre have been focused and will remain so in the years to come. This ambitious vision would be translated into action research, subject to the availability of various resources. Wherever possible and needed the studies have highlighted the historical perspectives about the selected issues based upon the literature available in classical and regional languages.

While the Centre may not restrict its research initiatives to only specific regions, the Report of the Nanjundappa Committee on Redressal of Regional Disparities in Karnataka has visualized the need for an independent research organization for monitoring and evaluating the process of development in North Karnataka, a less developed region of the state. CMDR has taken upon itself to serve as an active think tank in north Karnataka for this purpose and it would continue to play this role in the years to come.

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Research Studies Completed: 2019-20

1. Health impact of continuous vs. intermittent water supply in Hubballi- Dharwad, India (Sponsored by University of Massachusetts, Amherst)

Ayse Ercumen, Emily Kumpel, Nayanatara Nayak and Narayana Billava

About the Study :

Intermittent delivery of water is a common form of water supply in developing countries, where water is delivered to consumers a few hours per day or a few days per week on a rotating basis throughout a city. Intermittent delivery can lead to contamination of water in the pipelines and in the home during storage, and limit the quantity of water available, negatively impacting hygiene practices and forcing consumers to rely on potentially contaminated non-municipal sources. Therefore, it is plausible that intermittent supply poses a health threat from increased levels of gastrointestinal illnesses caused by poor water quality.

Centre for Multi-disciplinary Development Research (CMDR)

2. Economics of Tobacco Farming in India (Sponsored by Campaign for Tobacco Free Kids (CTFK), USA)

Nayanatara S.Nayak, Arunkumar Kulkarni, S.V.Hanagodimath

About the Study :

India signed the WHO Framework Convention on Tobacco Control (FCTC) in 2004, and is therefore obligated to adopt measures to reduce tobacco consumption and cultivation. This study “Economics of Tobacco Farming in India” is based on the secondary sources of information (mainly official documents), and group discussions held with farmers in selected tobacco growing states, including Andhra Pradesh, Bihar, Gujarat, Karnataka, Maharashtra, Odisha, Tamil Nadu, Telangana, Uttar Pradesh and West Bengal. The objective of this research was to analyse and present the nature of tobacco farming in India focusing on alternative crops to tobacco and farmers willingness to shift from tobacco, its relative economic importance to the Indian Economy, trends in tobacco exports and imports, employment in dependent sectors, and revenue contribution of tobacco farming.

The study found that, in general, farmers are willing to shift from tobacco if suitable alternatives are made available. Their willingness to shift is conditional in most of the states, subject to institutional support in terms of subsidized inputs, technical know-how on alternate crops, guaranteed crop loan, exposure visits to the field, and adequate income support for a minimum of 3 years. They are ready to give up tobacco cultivation, if the government wants to shift them from tobacco cultivation in the interest of public health. However, an institutional role is essential and inevitable in promoting alternative crops.

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3. A Study of Outward Migration in Four States of India - Uttarakhand, Karnataka, Maharashtra and Gujarat with a view to Assessing the extent of Distress Migration and Modernity (Sponsored by Indian Council of Social Science Research (ICSSR), New Delhi)

Ganesh Devy

About the Study :

In post-industrial societies, outward migration has been a significant factor contributing to economic transitions as well as political trends. The colonial era resulted in an unprecedented transformation in the very nature of self perception of the traditional communities in several continents and the way they aspired to organize themselves as political entities. Large scale migrations from Europe to Australia and North America contributed to those historical developments. At the same time, the colonial rule brought in ideas of citizenship which affected the lives of traditionally migratory communities and resulted in their stigmatization. The colonial idea of education and urban settlements as the driving engine of productivity too influenced the land-dependent agrarian communities and generated a relentless migration to urban spaces. Thus, during the process of colonialism, three distinct varieties of migration emerged as inherent social features of the life of modern nations. During the post colonial times, these varieties have acquired a much greater complexity as several historically not known patterns of migration started emerging. These include, forced displacement of peripheral communities affected by development projects, migration resulting out of heavy resource-exploitation activities such as mining, migration resulting from endangerment of traditional livelihood practices such as agriculture and sea- farming, migration related to rising economic aspirations and related education needs and, finally, migration induced by the desire to escape the caste-oppression. In other words, migration has been at once a factor contributing to economic and educational betterment as well as an indicator for deprivation and marginalization of communities.

Centre for Multi-disciplinary Development Research (CMDR)

4. Status and Management of grazing lands in Karnatak (Sponsored by Indian Council of Social Science Research (ICSSR), New Delhi)

Kulkarni A R

About the Study:

Strengthening of Gram Panchayats at the community level enables them to function as local self-governing bodies. This has given impetus to participatory democracy in general and to decentralized governance of natural resources in particular. Recently, the researchers as well as policy makers have recognized the importance of CPRs. The recent studies on local governance and natural resources have mostly focused on forest resources, the non-forest resources (especially grazing lands) have been not given due attention by the researchers and policy makers. One the whole, in comparison to the gravity and nature of problems of grazing lands very few studies have been conducted. In this context, the present study makes an attempt to analyze the status and use of grazing lands across different agro-climatic zones in Karnataka. The implications of 73rd amendment to the constitution on the management of grazing lands would be studied.

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5. Performance of Scheduled Castes in Higher Education: Is there nexus between inclusion & outcomes in Karnataka (Sponsored by Indian Council of Social Science Research (ICSSR), New Delhi)

Jai Prabhakar S.C.

About the Study :

The study is an attempt to understand the affirmative action policies at higher education by fetching information pertinent to various dimensions. By understanding the ground reality on theoretical base by reviewing various literatures, this project aims at studying the performance of Scheduled Caste in higher education by adopting social enquiry to understand the effectiveness of positive discriminations guaranteed to SCs. These aspects deal with the perception on socio-economic condition, social inclusion, psychological factors, state intervention programmes etc.

6. Status, Use and Management of CPRs (Non-Forest) In Different Agro- Climatic Zones of Karnataka: Post 73rd Amendment Scenario (Sponsored by CMDR under Govt. of Karnataka Grant)

A R Kulkarni

About the Study :

The study makes an attempt to analyze the status and use of CPRs across different agro-climatic zones in Karnataka. The implications of 73rd amendment to the Constitution on the management of CPRs would be studied.

Centre for Multi-disciplinary Development Research (CMDR)

7. Struggle for retaining Identity, Recognition and for a Better Future: A Case of Indian Siddi Tribe of African Descendant (Sponsored by CMDR under Govt. of Karnataka Grant)

Nayanatara S.Nayak, N.S.Mugadur and Sharada Prasad

About the Study :

Karnataka has a tribal population of about 42,48,987 spread among 50 scheduled tribes in 14 districts. They constitute around 6.95% of state population. In Karnataka, the Siddis are about 10,477 in number and are located around Yellapur, Haliyal, Ankola, Joida, Mundgod and Sirsi taluks of Uttara Kannada district and in Khanapur of Belgaum district and Kalghatgi of Dharwad district. “The Siddi are an ethnic group inhabiting India and Pakistan. They are also known as Siddhi, Sheedi, or Habshi, Members are descended from the Bantu peoples of the African Great Lakes region”.

The objectives of the study were to; To find out whether Siddis are amenable to change; What are the contemporary dilemmas faced by Siddis in Karnataka? And to assess the extent of availability, access and utilization of government development and welfare programmes by Siddis. The study covered Siddis of Uttar Kannada, Belgaum and Dharwad districts. The study revealed that although Siddis of Uttar Kannada district are recognized as Scheduled Tribes, they lacked access to government programmes including many educational scholarships and skill trainings due to lack of awareness. Since they remain in outskirts and in forests, the awareness is very low. There precious time is wasted in travel most of the times as transport facilities are rarely available in some villages. And, they still face or themselves experience non inclusiveness due to their ethnicity of being different from the general population in physical appearance or looks. So Siddi boys or girls are hesitant to stay at government hostels although the facility is free. They feel that they are readily not acceptable and it takes time to mingle with the population. The Siddis in Belgaum and Dharwad district had expressed their agony for not being included in SC category during the survey. But, the Central government has included them under SC category very recently. We hope this will further reduce discrimination They possess many traditional skills, which can be economized with proper training and marketing strategies for the overall benefits of Siddis.

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Ongoing Projects

1. Report on the Evaluation on Performance of Dr. Babu Jagjivan Ram Leather Industries Development Corporation Ltd (Sponsored by Karnataka Evaluation Authority, Govt. of Karnataka)

T Brahmanandam

About the Study :

Objectives of the Study :

I. To study the functional effectiveness of Dr. BJRLIDC in meeting the requirements of poor leather artisans. II. To understand appropriateness of the trainings provided for skill up- gradation III. To understand the facilitation of market linkages IV. To understand the efforts related to reaching out different stakeholders – artisans, consumers and Government departments V. To suggest appropriate measures to improve functional effectiveness of Dr. BJRLIDC

Centre for Multi-disciplinary Development Research (CMDR)

2. Conversion from Intermittent to continuous water supply (24 x 7) through Public-Private Partnership (PPP): Investigating Governance and Sustenance Issues in Karnataka, India (Sponsored by USAID, Washington DC, USA)

Nayanatara S.Nayak, Emily Kumpell, Narayan Billava, Ayse Arcumen, Zachary Burt

About the Study:

The study proposes to conduct an impact evaluation of the pilot project as well as the up-scaling of the pilot project of the water services from intermittent to 24x7 water delivery in Hubli-Dharwad, Belgaum, Gulbarga and, Mysore cities in Karnataka –few of the first cities in India to implement such a conversion under Karnataka Urban Water Sector Improvement Project (KUWASIP) a World Bank funded project. The study proposes to compare areas of the cities that received 24x7 under pilot project, areas that are receiving 24x7 under up-scaled project and areas that continue to be served by intermittent water supply (IWS). The study also looks into the hurdles in transition from intermittent supply to IWS in the phases aftermath of pilot project as issues in sustaining 24x7 have been reported from many places in Karnataka as well as from other states in India. There is absence of research in this area.

Since the main purpose of the project is to examine governance issues, the study will try to answer whether Public Private Partnership model takes away the basic function of municipal bodies enlisted under 74th Constitutional amendment of India (water supply for domestic, industrial and commercial use is listed as one of the 18 main functions assigned to municipal bodies), whether it will lead to conflict of interests, whether it improves the capacities of municipal bodies or does it improve the quality of municipal services.

The specific objectives of the study are as follows;

 To conduct a comparative impact evaluation of the pilot-scale conversion from intermittent to 24x7 water delivery and the impact of its replication to other wards in selected cities.

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 To address the issues of sustainability in urban water supply in terms of access, water usage, current water availability, projected future supply, non–revenue water, equity and affordability.  To examine networking, pressure, availability, customer satisfaction and costs of water supply in wards, which received 24x7 in the second phase of the Project.  To assess the health impact of the pilot-scale conversion from intermittent to 24x7 water services  To examine and understand the role of governance in project initiation, expansion, execution, completion and coordination in selected areas

Centre for Multi-disciplinary Development Research (CMDR)

3. When ‘Speciality’ is Lost in ‘Special’: Political Economy of Special Micro- Project for Particularly Vulnerable Tribal Groups in Odisha (Sponsored by Indian Council of Social Science Research (ICSSR), New Delhi)

Bhubaneswar Sabar

About the Study :

Odisha is considered a land of tribals due to its highest number of tribal communities in the country. It houses 62 tribal groups of which 13 are identified as Particularly Vulnerable Tribal Groups (PVTGs) who, as per a survey by Scheduled Caste and Scheduled Tribes Research and Training Institute (SCSTRTI), Bhubaneswar (2007), accounted for 2.84 percent of the total PVTGs population in India. PVTGs, who are identified on the basis of (a) isolated habitation, (b) low level of literacy, (c) pre-agricultural level of technology and (d) stagnating population, are considered socio-economically marginal and backward. Therefore, government has been trying to bring them into mainstream of the population through various measures and legislative policy. The history of tribal administration in Odisha shows that it has taken up many remarkable development programmes and schemes for the development of tribals in general, and PVTGs in particular, as noticed from the enactment of Tribal Sub-Plan (TSP) during 5th Five Year Plan (1974-79), Article 275 (1) and Culture-cum- Development (CCD) programme that are claimed to have dedicated towards tribal development. The subsequent establishment of ‘Special Micro-Project’ for the development of PVTGs during 5th Five Year Plan Period was of course a positive step by the government towards addressing the vulnerability of PVTGs. Now Odisha is having 17 Micro-Project for identified 13 PVTGs of which 4 are located in non-TSP areas. But ironically, despite disbursement of huge funds, government has not yet been able to ‘de-PTGise’ any enlisted PVTGs since last five decades as envisaged in the government’s guideline. It is rather the frequent allegation of poverty, malnutrition, distress migration and even starvation like situation that questions the functioning of the micro-project plan in the state. So this present project aims at critically analysing the role of ‘Special Micro-Project’ plan

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 To critically examine the functioning/operationalisation of different schemes under Micro-Plan project.  To assess the impact and effectiveness of schemes in socio-economic development of the concerned PVTGs.  To understand the achievement of different schemes under micro-plan project  To know the level of participation of PVTGs in different schemes under micro-project.  To understand the perception of beneficiaries of different schemes received under micro-plan project.  To analyse the probability of success and failure of micro-plan projects in Orissa

Centre for Multi-disciplinary Development Research (CMDR)

4. Unknown to Known: An Ethnographic study of Kapala Community in Kodagu district of Karnataka (Sponsored by CMDR under Govt. of Karnataka Grant)

Jai Prabhakar S C and V T Hungund

About the Study :

The present ethnographic study is an in-depth study of the “Kapaala” community near Nalknad palace of Yavakapadi grampanchyat of Virajpet taluk of Kodagu district of Karnataka .It is an attempt to understand the human actions and as much as possible about an entire community living in a society. Problems of human and his society can be identified and analysed, provided that every cultural stimuli can be illustrated through ethnographic measurement. It present study is an qualitative research where researchers observe and/or interact with people in their real-life environment and trace detailed cultural description, historical background, linguistic aspects, biosocial information along with origin and evolution of a particular community by considering emic (folk or inside) and etic (analytic or outside) approach. The socio-cultural, economical and political status among the people of within and around are analyzing by looking to the past, present and future of Kapala community across time and space

Traditional anthropological methods like participant observation, interviews and survey methods are adopted. In addition, audio-visual film on explicit activity of the community is also creating through ethnographic documentary film.

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5. Workers in Construction Sector in Karnataka (Sponsored by CMDR under Govt. of Karnataka Grant)

S V Hanagodiamth

About the Study :

The specific objectives of the study are ;

 To analyse the trends and pattern of contribution of construction sector to the GDP  To analyse the pattern of employment opportunities created under construction sector  To study the socio-economic condition of workers in construction sector in the selected study area  To trace the chain link of the labour in the construction sector in the selected study area  To study the safety measures taken by the workers in construction sector in the selected study area  To study the health condition of the workers in construction sector in the selected study area  To examine the utilization of government social security measures utilized by the workers in construction sector in the selected study area

Methodology: Both secondary and primary data will be used for the study. Secondary data will be collected from the published sources of NSSO, CSO, Economic Survey, Statistical Abstract and so on. For primary data, well designed questionnaire will be used. For this purpose, four cities from different agro- climatic zones will be selected namely Kalaburagi from dry zone, Hubli- Dharwad from transition zone, Chikkamagalur from hilly zone, and Mangalore from coastal zone. From each zone 180 respondents will be selected from different socio-economic background. Further from each city three focus group discussions will be conducted for youth, women and labour agents. Thus, totally 720 respondents will be interview and 12 focus group discussion will be conducted. For meaningful analysis correlation, regression methods will be employed.

Centre for Multi-disciplinary Development Research (CMDR)

6. Hunger and Malnutrition in Karnataka (Sponsored by CMDR under Govt. of Karnataka Grant)

S V Hanagodiamth

About the Study :

The specific objectives of the study are,  To construct and analyse the district wise Hunger Index in Karnataka  To trace the association of Hunger Index with different social economic indices and indicators like- human development, gender inequality, food security, child development, literacy, Dalits and so on.  To study the factors for malnourishment and hunger in the selected study area  To find out the remedial measures for the problem of hunger and malnutrition.

Methodology The methodology of the present study has been borrowed largely from two reports, namely the Global Hunger Index (2016) and the India State Hunger Index (2009). The Karnataka District Hunger Index (KDHI) uses the same methodology, which has been developed for the GHI by the International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI) with some modifications.2 Four indicators have been con sidered to construct the index. These indicators are “Per Capita Daily Calorie Consumption” (PCD), “Prevalence of Wasting in Children under Five Years Old (in %)” (CWA), “Prevalence of Stunting in Children under Five Years Old (in %)” (CST), and “Proportion of children dying before the age of five (in %)” (CM).

The indicator “Proportion of People Undernourished” (based on the National Sample Survey Office (NSSO) 68th Round) yielded results that were contrary to the established reality at the district level. For example, Udupi district was found to be in the lower performing group of districts, which is not so in real terms. As this district is doing well in many of the indicators like per capita income, literacy rate, and infant mortality rate, it may be wrong to consider Udupi as a low calorie consuming district. Hence, we have considered the PCD in this regard. Indicators like the CWA and CST have been taken from the 4th National Family and Health

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Survey (NFHS-4). 3 The last indicator, that is, CM, has been taken from the estimates done by Ram et al (2013). The Karnataka District Hunger Index (KDHI) scores are calculated using the following steps. At the outset, component indicators have been standardised4 as indicated below: Standardised PCD= 1707/PCD × 100 Standardised CWA= CWA/43.1 × 100 Standardised CST= CST/55.8 × 100 Standardised CM= CM/81.8 × 100. The PCD is standardised differently because all other indicators are moving in a negative direction and the exception is found in the case of PCD. It is to be noted here that, barring PCD for other indicators, standardisation has been made using the observed maximum values as denominator. For PCD, standardisation is made using the observed minimum value as the numerator because of its unique feature. Further, the component indicators have been aggregated- KDHI = [1/3 × Standardised PCD] + [1/ 3 × Standardised CWA] + [1/ 6 × Standardised CST] + [1/ 6× Standardised CM].

Centre for Multi-disciplinary Development Research (CMDR)

7. Sustaining ODF and its Implications on Standard of Living in Karnataka (Sponsored by CMDR under Govt. of Karnataka Grant)

Kulkarni A R and Billava Narayan

About the Study :

Recognizing the importance of sanitation, in protecting the health, influencing economic growth and many other sectors, significant efforts have been made by government. As a result of this the coverage of sanitation has been increasingly significantly. Many Gram Panchayats have declared themselves as open defecation free (ODF), after making lot of efforts, preferably for getting awards and benefits. This status of ODF needs to be maintained over the period of time to get the benefits of adequate sanitation. In this context, the present study tries to know present status of sanitation and their problems in sustenance. The specific objectives of the study are given below.

The specific objectives of the study are;

 To study the current status of sanitation in selected villages (including status of solid waste and liquid waste)  To know the factors encouraging and hindering ODF  To study the behavioral changes of people of ODF villages  To know extent of slippage from ODF  To know the socio-economic benefits from improved sanitation i.e. ODF at selected villages. (Economic benefits from improved sanitation- such as; medical costs averted, value of time saving, value of saved lives, property value (one-off benefit).  To know the impact of ODF on education and health status of children  To suggest suitable measures for sustenance of ODF villages

The state Karnataka has been selected for the study as it is one of the populous and largest states in India. In recent years, the coverage and number of villages declaring ODF has been increasing significantly in Karnataka. The study is based on both primary and secondary data. Primary data has been collected from

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selected 600 households from 8 Gram Panchayats spread across the state. To get in-depth information, Focus group discussion and case studies have also been conducted.

The study will help in identifying the problems and challenges in sustaining the ODF status of Gram Panchayats. This will help policy makers and implementing agencies for making necessary changes in their usual practice.

Centre for Multi-disciplinary Development Research (CMDR)

8. Problem of School drop-out among Scheduled Caste girls in rural settings of Karnataka (Dept of Higher Education, Govt. of Karnataka)

Jai Prabhakar S C and V.T. Hungund

About the Study :

Enrolment of Scheduled Caste in India is gradually increasing and simultaneously drop-out rates also slower down but drop-out rateof SC girls is still challenging. There are many reasons why a girl child might drop out from school, which range from migration of families and child marriage, to lack of school infrastructure such as drinking water facilities and lack of separate toilets and so on.‘Though a lot of research has been concerned with school dropout issue for both girls and boys, dropout pattern significantly differs by the gender and the caste which they belong to. SCs are deprived of fundamental human rights including education for centuries. It is further deprived the right of education to the girls of SCs.Therefore,it is the time to understand the underlining factors which are responsible for girl child drop out from school and address these issues in depth with the following objectives. The broad objective of the proposed study is to understand the factors responsible for children dropped-out from Schools in the selected districts of Karnataka and specific reference to SC girls.  To document the extent of enrolment, retention, dropout and absenteeism (at each standard from I – X) various levels of school education with emphasis on caste and gender  To document the various Centrally Sponsored Schemes and schemes sponsored by the Government of Karnataka to retain the children in school  To examine the societal, attitudinal and socio-economic environment associated with and high dropout rates of students with special reference to SC population  To study the hurdles (problems and the reasons) as regards access and retention to education by SC girl students.

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9. Status of Tribal Development, A select study: Karnataka Experience (Dept of Higher Education, Govt. of Karnataka)

Jai Prabhakar S C and V.T. Hungund

About the Study :

It is to understand the systematic process of development in achieving the objectives of Tribal Development Programmesof the Government under the following research questions  What are the driving factors responsible for vulnerability of tribals in Karnataka?  What are the governing factors that determines to achieve progress in the development of Tribes through various programmes introduced under TSP?  Do the development programmes/schemes reaching to them? if yes, how far it has reached to them?  Are there any socio-cultural and politicalfactors behind non- implementation and ineffectiveness of development programs meant for tribes?  Are people covered under projects are aware of the scheme/programme?

Objectives of the Study The broad objective of the proposed study is  To critically examine the functioning/operationalization of different schemes under ITDPs.  To understand the achievement of different schemes under ITDP and Tribal Development Programme.  To assess the impact and effectiveness of schemes in socio-economic transformation of the concerned Tribal groups.  To understand the perception of beneficiaries of different schemes received from ITDP.  To analyse the probability of success and failure of various tribal development programmes in Karnataka.

Centre for Multi-disciplinary Development Research (CMDR)

10. Conversion from Intermittent to continuous water supply (24 x 7) through Public-Private Partnership (PPP): Investigating Governance and Sustenance Issues in Karnataka, India (USAID, Washington DC, USA)

Nayanatara S.Nayak, Emily Kumpell, Narayan Billava, Ayse Arcumen,

Zachary Burt

About the Study :

The specific objectives of the study are as follows;

1. To conduct a comparative impact evaluation of the pilot-scale conversion from intermittent to 24x7 water delivery and the impact of its replication to other wards in selected cities.

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2. To address the issues of sustainability in urban water supply in terms of access, water usage, current water availability, projected future supply, non–revenue water, equity and affordability. 3. To examine networking, pressure, availability, customer satisfaction and costs of water supply in wards, which received 24x7 in the second phase of the Project. 4. To assess the health impact of the pilot-scale conversion from intermittent to 24x7 water services 5. To examine and understand the role of governance in project initiation, expansion, execution, completion and coordination in selected areas

Centre for Multi-disciplinary Development Research (CMDR)

11. Free Will and Social Sciences; A Multi Disciplinary Perspective

P.R. Panchamukhi

About Study :

(A research initiative in progress under the joint auspices of CMDR and Sanskrit Research Centre Udupi (a research institute recognized by Tumkur University)

Free Will has attracted the attention of philosophers and neuro scientists and physicists over the past several centuries. In the present research initiative an attempt is made to examine the role of free will in social sciences in general and economics in particular and to show how the neuro scientists' conclusion endorsed by the noted scientists like Isac Newton, the Nobel Laureate Dr Stephen Hawking, Benjamin Libet, Sam Harriss and others viz. the free will is an illusion should be interpreted and how the riddle of free will can be resolved adopting the Indian philosophical approach. The study is expected to raise further questions with regard to this approach also.

12. Development of Centre for Multi -Disciplinary Development Research as an Experiment in Institution Building

P.R. Panchamukhi

About Study :

Development of CMDR, a research institution in a less developed region with sound value basis, with no political or resource support base, has been indeed a challenging task. An attempt is made under this study to present an analysis of such challenges with personal anecdotes of those who were very closely connected with the founding and development of such a research institution in north Karnataka.

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Doctoral Programmes

Doctoral Programme

CMDR and its faculty members are recognized by Mangalore University, Mangalore, Kannada University, Hampi, Karnatak University, Dharwad and Acharya Nagarjuna University, Nagarjuna Nagar, Guntur (Andhra Pradesh) for guiding Ph.D. students. The Centre provides two annual student scholarships under ICSSR doctoral fellowship grant. Seventeen students have received doctoral degree from different universities. Two scholars are in the process of completing their doctoral research.

Ongoing Doctoral Research: Thirty-five scholars are pursuing Ph.D. at the Centre during the reporting year.

1. Ms. Smita Bhaskar (Under ICSSR Fellowship) (Thesis submitted)

Topic :Energy Use Pattern in Household Sector: A Comparative Study in Rural and Urban Areas Supervisor: Prof. Nayanatara S Nayak University: Mangalore University, Mangalore

2. Dr. R.R. Biradar

Topic :Fiscal Policy Reforms and their Impact on Fiscal Performance and Economic Development : An Analysis of Major States in India Supervisor: Prof. Nayanatara S Nayak University: Mangalore University, Mangalore

3. Ms. Jyoti Mogaveer Topic : Decentralisation and Women’s Empowerment – A Case Study of Udupi District Supervisor : Prof. Nayanatara S. Nayak University: Mangalore University, Mangalore

Centre for Multi-disciplinary Development Research (CMDR)

4. Ms. Saniya

Topic : Production, Marketing and Export of Indian Coffee in Pre and Post Liberalisation Period Supervisor : Prof. Nayanatara S. Nayak University: Mangalore University, Mangalore

5. Ms. C Deepa Topic : �� : �� –�� (�� ) Supervisor : Prof. V.B. Annigeri University : Kannada University, Hampi

6. Ms. Bhagyashree Hiremath (Under ICSSR Fellowship) Topic : Indian MNCs in the European Union : A Case Study of TATA Group Supervisor : Dr. B.H. Nagoor, Professor, Karnatak University, Dharwad Co- Supervisor : Prof. V.B. Annigeri, Director, CMDR, Dharwad University : Karnatak University

7. Ms. Parvati K Kalamadi (Under ICSSR Fellowship) Topic : Gender Budgeting for Gender Development : A Study of Trends and Patterns in India and Karnataka Supervisor : Dr. B.H. Nagoor, Professor, Karnatak University, Dharwad Co- Supervisor : Prof. V.B. Annigeri, Director, CMDR, Dharwad University : Karnatak University

8. Ms. Jyothi Naragund Topic : Adhunikarnadinda Vrathi Kasabugallalguv Bikkattugalu Supervisor : Prof. Nayanatara S. Nayak University : Kannada University, Hampi

9. Ms. Jyothi H Topic : Problems of modernisation on traditional household occupations Supervisor : Prof. Nayanatara S. Nayak University : Kannada University, Hampi

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List of Research Scholars who are pursuing their Ph.D. in Karnataka University through CMDR.

Sl.No Name of the Ph.D Supervisor Discipline Scholar 1 Ramesh S. Harakangi Dr.V.B.Annigeri Economics 2 Nayana P Dr.V.B.Annigeri Economics 3 Savita Mashibinal Dr.V.B.Annigeri Economics 4 Nitinchandra More Dr.V.B.Annigeri Economics 5 Siddappa L. Mali Dr.V.B.Annigeri Economics 6 Asmajabeen Makandar Dr.V.B.Annigeri Economics 7 Dattatri Dr.V.B.Annieeri Economics 8 Parashuram Kavadimatti Dr.V.B.Annieeri Economics 9 Shanta Mathapati Dr.Nayanatara Nayak Economics (Under ICSSR Fellowship) 10 L Chethana Dr.Nayanatara Nayak Economics 11 Tammanagouda Dr.Nayanatara Nayak Economics 12 Hemashree Kurabatalli Dr.S.V.Hanagodimath Economics Nagappa 13 Balakrishana Bendre Dr.S.V.Hanagodimath Economics 14 Basavaraj M Hubballi Dr.S.V.Hanagodimath Economics 15 Jambayya Nayak Govind Dr.S.V.Hanagodimath Economics 16 Smita M. Nattar Dr.S.V.Hanagodimath Economics 17 Mookappa Channadasar Dr.A.R.Kulkarni Economics 18 Basavaraj Mahajanshetti Dr.A.R.Kulkarni Economics 19 Kalal Axata Dr.A.R.KulkarnI Economics 20 Hemalatha K Dr.A.R.Kulkarni Economics 21 Nayana Patil Dr.A.R.Kulkarni Economics 22 Mr. Shanmukha Hiremath Dr.A.R.Kulkarni Economics 23 Bheemappa Thayappa Dr.S.V.Hanagodimath Economics 24 Ashok Patil Dr. Jai Prabhakar S.C Anthropology 25 Basavaraj Pundappanavar Dr. Jai Prabhakar S.C Anthropology 26 Prathibha Hosur Dr.A.R.Kulkarni Economics

Research Scholars’ Colloquium-NIL-

Centre for Multi-disciplinary Development Research (CMDR)

National / International Programmes

CMDR has been participating in national/international programmes in different research areas for a number of years. Following are the prestigious organizations/fora wherein CMDR is a member Institution.

Asian Network of Training and Research Institutions in Educational Planning (ANTRIEP)

The overall objective of the network is to create synergy among the participating institutions to enable them to respond better to the growing and increasingly diversified needs for skill development in educational planning and management in the Asian region.

Specifically, the network has the following operational objectives:

• The regular exchange of technical information amongst members about specific issues relating to capacity building in educational planning and management. • The continuous upgrading of knowledge and skills amongst professionals in the participating institutions by learning from one another’s experience. • The instigation of co-operative research and training activities in areas of common interest.

CMDR is a member of the network right from its inception in the early nineties and it has been contributing in terms of presenting papers/research material at the conferences of the ANTRIEP.

The Advocacy Forum for Tobacco Control, New Delhi

The Advocacy Forum for Tobacco Control (AFTC) founded in 2001 is a coalition of organizations and individuals working in the areas of advocacy, awareness and research related to tobacco control in India. The AFTC members include public health experts, health professionals, research scientists and officers from Indian NGOs. The mission of the AFTC is to create mass support for tobacco control policies through evidence based, scientifically validated and concerted advocacy by its member organizations, targeted at policy makers through involvement of media, youth and the general population to create a tobacco free India. CMDR became member of AFTC in 2007. Prof. P.R. Panchamukhi and Prof. Nayanatara S. Nayak represent CMDR in the AFTC.

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Endowments / Chairs of Distinction

Endowments

Endowment in the Memory of Vidyaratna Sri R.S.Panchamukhi, The Founder President

An Endowment in the memory of late Vidyaratna Sri R.S.Panchamukhi, Founder President, CMDR, has been created with the financial contributions from Prof P. R. Panchamukhi. Distinguished social scientists are invited every year to deliver the Founder’s day lecture on socially/economically relevant themes.

Canara Bank Endowment

Canara Bank has accorded an endowment to CMDR for establishing a unit of research in decentralized planning. The Centre has been undertaking small research studies under this endowment through in-house research and also by inviting eminent research and academicians to contribute studies/papers in the field of decentralized planning particularly focusing on Indian banking sector. The outcome of the studies/ papers undertaken are presented in seminars / workshops and later published as Monographs.

Endowment in Honour of Prof. P. R. Panchamukhi

An endowment in honour of Professor P. R. Panchamukhi, Founder Member and Chairman, CMDR, has been created at the Centre with the contribution from his Ph.D. students and well-wishers. Dr. Vandana Dandekar, Sangli took a major initiative and contributed significantly for the creation of this endowment. CMDR sincerely thanks her in this regard. Eminent social scientists are invited every year to deliver lectures on topical developmental themes on Teachers’ Day.

 Under the endowment in Honour of Professor P. R. Panchamukhi, Chairman, Governing Council, CMDR, Prof. Pradeep Apte, Visiting Professor, Dr.D.M. Nanjundappa Chair, CMDR delivered Teachers’ Day Lecture on “Higher Education : Changes and Challenges” on August 30, 2019 in the seminar hall of the Centre. Prof. (Dr.) P. Ishwara Bhat, Vice Chancellor, Karnataka State Law University, Hubballi, presided over the event

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Endowment in Honour of Prof. G. K. Kadekodi

An endowment in honour of Professor G.K. Kadekodi, Honorary Professor, CMDR, has been created at the Centre during 2017-18 with the contribution from his well-wishers. Distinguished social scientists will be invited every year to deliver the lecture on socially/economically relevant themes.

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Chairs of Distinction:

I. Dr. D M Nanjundappa Chair

Government of Karnataka has instituted an endowment for a Chair in the name of late Dr. D. M. Nanjundappa (DNM) for undertaking studies on regional imbalances. The main objective of the Chair is to address the issues of resource allocation, reducing disparities, questioning abnormalities, enhancing deliverables, dissemination of information, etc

Following Studies are in progress under the Chair

1. Taluka Report Cards

V B Annigeri and Shiddalingaswami H

About the Study :

The report cards discuss the development indices for various taluks for each of the districts of Karnataka which are being developed by CMDR. The methodology used in Dr. Nanjundappa Report has been adhered to and the exercise is for the year 2009-10. This is a modest attempt to present the comparative development scenario of taluks in each district. The comparison is made between Dr. D M Nanjundappa Index (1999-2000) and the Index developed by CMDR (2009-10). As a corollary of such an attempt, the resource flows under SDP for different sectors to the taluks have also been examined. The report cards basically provide inputs to the needs of policy makers and administrators for the purpose of resource allocation and evaluation of outcomes

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2. Development Status of Taluks of Karnataka: At the Time of Dr. Nanjundappa and now

R S Deshpande, S V Hanagodimath and Ashwath D Naik

About the Study:

Systematic and scientific analysis on identification of regional imbalances in Karnataka can mainly be found in two Government reports one is by Dr. D M Nanjundappa Committee (High Power Committee on Redressal of Regional Imbalances, 2002) and another is ‘Human Development Performance of Districts, Taluks and Urban Local Bodies in Karnataka, 2014- A Snapshot’. In both these works, taluk level data have been used to construct various indices to study the position of different taluks. Between these two works Dr. Nanjundappa Committee Report becomes very important as it was a high power committee for not only identification of the backwardness but also for recommending various policy recommendations to eradicate the existing imbalances. Furthermore, from 2007 onwards, Karnataka state government has started implementing the recommendations of the Dr. D M Nanjundappa Committee . The indicators considered by the Dr. Nanjundappa Committee were 35 from five different sectors i.e., Agriculture and allied sector, Industry trade and finance, Economic infrastructure, Social infrastructure and Demographic characteristics. Whereas, in Human Development Report most of the indicators considered are related to human development aspects. Roads, transports and Infrastructure and other dimensions are not covered in the construction of different indices. Hence, most of the recommendations of district human development reports are towards the achievement of higher human development. However, in the present study the discussion is not about which study/work is more relevant and which is less. For the overall development, taking into consideration of all relevant reports and all the aspects seem to be important. Based on the finding and the recommendation of Dr. Nanjundappa Committee, policy intervention has taken place since 2007- 08, hence, tracing the present status of different taluks in the same indicators becomes relevant. Given this background an attempt has been made to construct and discuss the Comprehensive Composite Development (CCDI) and Cumulative Deprivation Index for the year 2015.

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3. Recent Taluk Level Developmental Indicators and Further Challenges in Karnataka R S Deshpande and S V Hanagodimath

About the Study:

In the recent days, many developments have taken place with respect to taluk level data on various aspects of socio-economic status in Karnataka. Among them Taluk wise Human Development Indices by Planning Department, Taluk wise Domestic Product by DES and CCDI of Dr. D M Nanjundappa Committee are very important. Data and information in these endeavours are helping and will be helpful a lot directly as well as indirectly for policy and research. However, there are numerous challenges before the policy makers and researchers in understanding the in-depth knowledge on developmental gaps.

Taluk wise domestic product data should be estimated every year. For this purpose, more scientific methodology as well as mechanisation should be developed by the state government in collaboration with CSO.

District wise domestic product data estimated by the DES is in different base years (like-1980-81, 1993-94, 1999-00, 2004-05 and 2011-12 etc.). In case of time series analysis like growth rates, convergence and divergence of district domestic products, one has to convert these data into single base/prices. Base shifting method is a commonly used tool to convert them into a single base. To shift the base one has to have domestic product of districts/its different component for a particular year in two bases (for the year, when the new bases are released). Getting data for different time periods for all the districts is difficult. Further, some people use whole sale price index method to shift the base. Using different methodologies, gives different conclusions. Whenever, there is a new series, CSO estimates the State Domestic product data for previous years also for all the states for all sectors. Alike CSO, DES of Karnataka should also estimate district wise and sector wise domestic product at current prices in a single base for all the previous years. It would be useful for analysing domestic product data more meaningfully without any errors.

NSSO’s poverty estimates are based on consumption expenditure. These are widely used data for analysing the poverty in different disaggregated levels, which is helpful for policy implication. In Karnataka also, district wise poverty 62

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data is available. NSSO’s data for taluk level is not available. In the recent years, framing of policies is becoming more decentralised. In such circumstances, taluk level data, at least on consumption expenditure is needed. To collect this data, state should plan for a ‘STATE SAMPLE SURVEY CELL’. In collaboration with NSSO, taluk level data can be collected using the same methodology, same questionnaire, and same canvassing system with increasing the sample size to cover all the taluks of the state. Similarly, for taluk level health related indicators, NFHS methodology can be used.

Once taluk level data on health and consumption expenditure is collected, that will be helpful for many policy interventions. Further it is also useful for construction of Human Development Indices at disaggregated levels like Rural/Urban, Dalit/Non-Dalits, and different occupational groups etc. at taluk level.

There is a major constraint in getting the data of government intervention on different taluks of different sectors/departments. Recently, state government has developed a mechanisation in maintaining the data on allocation, release and expenditure of Special Development Plan (SDP). Similarly, more scientific mechanisation should be developed to maintain taluk wise data on public expenditure by different department. There are several problems in this task, so a committee should be setup with this respect. With these types of more dedicated works, balanced regional development can be achieved in the state with more inclusive growth of the society.

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4. Regional Disparity in India: A Study of Inter-state and Intra-state

S V Hanagodimath

The study is entirely based on secondary sources of data. State-wise domestic product and population data have been collected from ‘Hand book of statistics on Indian economy’ of RBI (Reserve Bank of India). GSDP and per capita GSDP data have been used from 1993-94 to 2015-16 at constant prices of 2011-12. For this purpose base shifting and GSDP deflator methods have been used. District wise domestic product and population data have been collected from Directorate of Economics and Statistics (DES) of respective state governments. All the states do not estimate the district domestic products every year. Among the available district domestic product data, latest year data have been used (see appendix table 1 for source of data for different states for district domestic product). Comparison of districts ‘within the state’ has been made; not for ‘inter-state’. For intra-state analysis, only those states are selected, which have the data on district level domestic product, are selected.

For more meaningful analysis districts are categorised into four groups namely Very High, High, Above Average, Below Average, and Very Low. For this purpose all the states are first divided into two groups on the basis of state average index values - one above the all-India average and the other below the all-India average. Then two more averages are worked out, one for the group of states whose values are above the all-India average and another for the group of states whose values are below the all-India average. The states whose values are above and below the former average are classified as ‘Very High’ and ‘Above Average’ states, respectively. The states whose values are above and below the latter average are classified as ‘Below Average’ and ‘Very Low’ states respectively.

Different tools such as ratios, averages, percentage, compound annual growth rates (CAGR), coefficient of variation (CV) and correlation coefficient are used. Further, for the pictorial presentation line, bar and scatter diagrams have been used. Thematic maps have been used to mark the regions on the basis of level of development and quantum of disparity.

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5. HDI of Dalits and Tribes in India: The Way Travelled and the Distance to be Travelled

S V Hanagodimath

Human Development Index has been accepted as the measurement of development of the people world over. The basic objective of the human development is to enhance the choices of people. This indicates that all people in the society should be well educated, healthy having good standard of living; irrespective of their race, caste, religion, creed, ethnicity or colour. This index has been prepared for the first time in 1990 by UNDP (United States Development Programme), considering 159 countries of the world. In the design of the concept of Human Development Index, the contribution of MahbubulHaqand Amartya K Sen is remarkable. To fulfil the objective of attaining a higher level of human development, governments of every country have formulated policies and programmes towards it.India is also not lagging behind in this regard.

Till now, India has two national level human development reports, (state specific) i.e., for the years 2002 and 2012. To know the status of human development of districts, many Indian states have also developed State Human Development Reports. Karnataka is in the pioneering state not only in the publication of State Human Development Reports (district specific) but also publishing the District Human Development Reports (DHDRs) taking consideration taluks as the unit of analysis, in the year 2015. These all national, state and district level reports have suggested various policies and interventions for enhancement of human development.

India has a rigid caste based hierarchical system in the society along with diversity in various aspects like- Language, Culture, Costume, Ritual, Custom, practice, and so on. The development of a particular region (state, district, taluk) cannot be considered as the development of THE ENTIRE, because, due to hierarchical caste system, some of the social groups enjoy more fruits of the development and some are deprived from such fruits. Developmental measures

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should capture all social groups of all regions. For this purpose developmental indicators are analysed by categorising them into region wise, gender wise, caste wise, income groups wise and so on. Similarly, attempts are made to construct and analyse the human development index for different social groups. Countries like, Nepal, Gabon, Malaysia, USA, Canada, Gautemala and so on.

Research Issues:

In the recent years the concept of Dalit Development Index has been developed by researchers, but it is based on field survey, which has not been succeeded a lot. However, after Thorat’s (2009) social group-wise Human Development Index (HDI), no attempts have been made significantly, to construct social groups wise HDI. An attempt will be made in this study fulfil this research gap through the construction HDI for Dalits and non-Dalits for Indian states. Further, the gap between HDI of Dalits (SC) and non-Dalits will be traced at disaggregated levels. Moreover, data constraints will be identified and possible remedial measures will be suggested.

The objectives of this study are,

 to construct Human Development Index of Dalits and non-Dalits for Indian states  to find out the status and gap of HDI of Dalits, and non-Dalits in Indian states  to find out the data challenges in construction of Human Development Index of Dalits and non-Dalits at more taluk/district level (disaggregatedlevel).  to suggest the data and policyintervention in construction of Human Development Indices of Dalita and non-Dalits

DATA AND METHODOLOGY:

The gap in HDI values of Dalits and non-Dalits can be studied in two ways. First is the direct way, where HDI values of Dalits and non-Dalits are used. For this exercise data on HDI for Dalits and not-Dalits should be available. In the second way, which is called as indirect way, where the data on HDI of only overall is

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available. In this method percentage of Dalit population is used and correlated with the overall HDI values for different region. In the present study both methods have been used. For state level, Human Development Index of Dalits will be constructed for selected 20 Indian. In this context direct method will be used.

The study is based on secondary data collected from various published sources. Unit level data of NSSO, NFHS will be used for consumption expenditure and infant mortality respectively, Census data will be used for literacy rate.

The Human Development Index (HDI)

Human Development Index is a quantitative measure of the achievement level of human well-being. It generally covers three basic aspects of human subsistence (1) Health, (2) knowledge/education and (3) A decent standard of living. [This section heavily borrows from UNDP, HDI methodology of different year and Thorat (2007)].To calculate HD Index, a separate index needed to be calculated for each dimension like Health, Knowledge and Decent standard of living. To calculate these dimension indices, minimum and maximum values are chosen for each indicator separately. The formula used for the calculation of these indices is

( ) = ( ) 𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴 𝑉𝑉𝑉𝑉𝑉𝑉𝑉𝑉𝑉𝑉 − 𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀 𝑣𝑣𝑣𝑣𝑣𝑣𝑣𝑣𝑣𝑣 𝐷𝐷𝐷𝐷𝑚𝑚𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒 𝐼𝐼𝐼𝐼𝐼𝐼𝐼𝐼𝐼𝐼 Here the performance is expressed𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀 as a value𝑉𝑉𝑉𝑉𝑉𝑉𝑉𝑉𝑉𝑉 between− 𝑀𝑀 𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀0 and 1 𝑣𝑣by𝑣𝑣𝑣𝑣𝑣𝑣𝑣𝑣 applying the above formula. The HDI is then calculated as a simple average of the dimension indices. To construct composite indices for different social groups e.g. Scheduled Castes, Scheduled Tribes and other communities separately, the formula can be: the HDI value of the jth group (Ij) for the ith variable is defined as the average of these variables.

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Ij = ∑Iij/3 i = 1, 2, 3

j = SC, ST and Others

Therefore, the HDI value e.g. for SC = (health index value + education index value + consumption index value)/3.

Scaling Norm for HDI

Indicators Minimum Maximum Infant Mortality Rate 20 per 1000 --- Literacy rate for 7 + years 0 100 Average Consumption Expenditure (per capita per Rs. 877 Rs. 10525 month) (2011-12 prices) Steps to Calculate the HDI

(A) Calculating the Health Index

The health index of a group of Individuals measures the relative achievement in health status of that group vis-à-vis other groups and across states. The variable chosen here to measure the health achievement is ‘Infant Mortality Rate’. As the chosen variable reflects the deprivation aspect of the situation, to measure the achievement aspect we have used the reciprocal value of this variable (This is because of the unavailability of the other reliable health variable across social groups to measure the achievement aspect of the Health Index).

(A.1) Calculating the reciprocal value of Infant Mortality Rate

Identify the lowest value of the domain (here in this case lowest ‘Infant Mortality Rate’ in the caste state matrix). Then divide each value (of infant mortality rate) with that ‘lowest single value’- the lowest value of the domain. The values in different shells of the new matrix will be the reciprocal figure of the respective shell of the original matrix

( )

= 𝑅𝑅𝑅𝑅𝑅𝑅𝑅𝑅𝑅𝑅𝑅𝑅𝑅𝑅𝑅𝑅𝑅𝑅𝑅𝑅 𝐻𝐻𝐻𝐻𝐻𝐻𝐻𝐻𝐻𝐻ℎ 𝐼𝐼𝐼𝐼𝐼𝐼𝐼𝐼𝐼𝐼 𝐼𝐼𝐼𝐼𝐼𝐼𝐼𝐼𝐼𝐼𝐼𝐼 𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀 𝑀𝑀 𝐼𝐼𝐼𝐼𝐼𝐼𝐼𝐼𝐼𝐼 𝐿𝐿𝐿𝐿𝐿𝐿𝐿𝐿𝐿𝐿𝐿𝐿 𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆 𝑣𝑣𝑣𝑣𝑣𝑣𝑣𝑣𝑣𝑣 𝑂𝑂𝑂𝑂𝑂𝑂𝑂𝑂𝑂𝑂𝑂𝑂𝑂𝑂𝑂𝑂 𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟 𝑣𝑣𝑣𝑣𝑣𝑣𝑣𝑣𝑣𝑣 68

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In this way we will get values for all the states across all social groups. From these Reciprocal values the real reciprocal health index can be calculated using formula:

( )

= 𝑅𝑅𝑅𝑅𝑅𝑅𝑅𝑅𝑅𝑅𝑅𝑅𝑅𝑅𝑅𝑅𝑅𝑅𝑅𝑅 𝐻𝐻𝐻𝐻𝐻𝐻𝐻𝐻𝐻𝐻ℎ 𝐼𝐼𝐼𝐼𝐼𝐼𝐼𝐼𝐼𝐼 𝑅𝑅 𝑅𝑅𝑅𝑅𝑅𝑅𝑅𝑅𝑅𝑅𝑅𝑅𝑅𝑅𝑅𝑅𝑅𝑅 𝐼𝐼𝐼𝐼𝐼𝐼𝐼𝐼𝐼𝐼𝐼𝐼 𝑀𝑀 𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀 𝐼𝐼𝐼𝐼𝐼𝐼𝐼𝐼𝐼𝐼 𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴 𝑉𝑉𝑉𝑉𝑉𝑉𝑉𝑉𝑉𝑉 − 𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀 𝑉𝑉𝑉𝑉𝑉𝑉𝑉𝑉𝑉𝑉 (B) Calculating the Education𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀 Index 𝑉𝑉𝑉𝑉𝑉𝑉𝑉𝑉𝑉𝑉 − 𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀 𝑉𝑉𝑉𝑉𝑉𝑉𝑉𝑉𝑉𝑉

In the present report, The Education Index measures the relative achievement in literacy level alone by social groups across states as because the available enrolment data across social group is not reliable.

𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎 𝑉𝑉𝑉𝑉𝑉𝑉𝑉𝑉𝑉𝑉 − 𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀 𝑉𝑉𝑉𝑉𝑉𝑉𝑉𝑉𝑉𝑉 𝐸𝐸𝐸𝐸𝐸𝐸𝐸𝐸𝐸𝐸𝐸𝐸𝐸𝐸𝐸𝐸𝐸𝐸 𝐼𝐼𝐼𝐼𝐼𝐼𝐼𝐼𝐼𝐼 C) Calculating MPCE Index 𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀 𝑉𝑉𝑉𝑉𝑉𝑉𝑉𝑉𝑉𝑉 − 𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀 𝑉𝑉𝑉𝑉𝑉𝑉𝑉𝑉𝑉𝑉

In the present report instead of GDP/GSDP (Gross Domestic Product per capita as taken by UNDP reports), Average Monthly Per Capita Consumption Expenditure (at 2011-12 prices) is used for calculation of HDI. The MPCE index can be calculated as follows:

𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴 𝑉𝑉𝑉𝑉𝑉𝑉𝑉𝑉𝑉𝑉 − 𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀 𝑉𝑉𝑉𝑉𝑉𝑉𝑉𝑉𝑉𝑉 𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀 𝐼𝐼𝐼𝐼𝐼𝐼𝐼𝐼𝐼𝐼 (D) Calculating the HDI 𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀 𝑉𝑉𝑉𝑉𝑉𝑉𝑉𝑉𝑉𝑉 − 𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀 𝑉𝑉𝑉𝑉𝑉𝑉𝑉𝑉𝑉𝑉

The HDI value can be obtained by a simple average of the above individual dimension indices.

( + + ) = 3 𝑅𝑅𝑅𝑅𝑅𝑅𝑅𝑅𝑅𝑅𝑅𝑅𝑅𝑅𝑅𝑅𝑅𝑅𝑅𝑅 𝐻𝐻𝐻𝐻𝐻𝐻𝐻𝐻𝐻𝐻ℎ 𝐼𝐼𝐼𝐼𝐼𝐼𝐼𝐼𝐼𝐼 𝐸𝐸𝐸𝐸𝐸𝐸𝐸𝐸𝐸𝐸𝐸𝐸𝐸𝐸𝐸𝐸𝐸𝐸 𝐼𝐼𝐼𝐼𝐼𝐼𝐼𝐼𝐼𝐼 𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀 𝐼𝐼𝐼𝐼𝐼𝐼𝐼𝐼𝐼𝐼 𝐻𝐻𝐻𝐻𝐻𝐻 Other tools: Along with above mentioned tools, averages, percentages, correlation and regression methods will be used by the study. Further, line, bar, scatter diagrams will be Implied. For more meaningful analysis, states, districts, talulks and regions will be marked through thematic maps using ArcGisand QGissoftware.

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6. Regional Imbalances in MSMEs in Karnataka: A Special Focus on Small Scale Industries

S V Hanagodimath

In India Household economic activities like- income, consumption, expenditure, saving and investment are not in large scale. Most of the Indian products are labour intensive than capital intensive. The skill level of Indian labour force has to be improved a lot. Hence, in the short-term higher technological change and rapid industrialisation cannot be seen. In such circumstances, Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises play a very significant role in the development of overall socio-economic status of developing countries like India. The requirement of this sector is comparatively limited in terms of capital, investment, technology, skill and so on.

Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) are amongst the strongest drivers of economic development, innovation and employment (RBI, 2019). According to annual report of MSME 2017-18, this sectors has around 64 million enterprises, contributes 45 per cent of manufacturing output with more than 40 per cent of exports, about 28 per cent of GDP contribution and 111 million employment creation. Hence central and state governments have implemented various programmes and policy to improve this sector. In the Annexure 1 some of the recent schemes/programmes and policies are provided.

Among the three economic sectors, namely, agriculture, industry and services, the contribution of service sector is high in India. In MSME sector also services sector has the major contribution to the domestic product. Industrial development is very necessary for the development of the nation along with other two sectors. For the development of industrial sector manufacturing sector of MSME has to be developed because, it plays as producer of ancillary products to large scale industries. Hence, small scale industries sector’s development is important. In India, the position of Karnataka is above the average in SSI. But it is not distributed among the regions, divisions and districts. There is a noticeable imbalances in distribution of SSI alike other socio-economic indictors. In the present study an attempt is made to analyse the regional imbalances in SSI in Karnataka dividing the state as regions, divisions and districts.

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With respect to studies on regional imbalances in the context of MSMEs/SSIU are in less numbers. Further, liking the numbers of small scale industrial units with different socio-economic indicators are also a very few. Hence, in this context, in the present study an attempt has been made to fulfill this research gap based on the following objectives, to study the growth of SSIUs in Karnataka; to study the regional and divisional imbalances in destitution of number of SSIUs in Karnataka; to construct SSIU index for the districts of Karnataka; to find out the association of SSIUs (Small Scale Industrial Units) with different socio-economic indicators in Karnataka; to suggest the policy implication based on the finding.

Data and Methodology:

The study is based on secondary sources of data collected from different published sources namely; Karnataka at a Glance, Census of India, and CSO, India. Along with average and percentages, compound annual growth rate (CAGR) and Correlation coefficient methods have also been used. Composite index for number of SSIUs has also been constructed. For pictorial presentation line, bar and scatter diagrams are used. Further, to mark the districts, based on their performance Thematic maps have also been presented.

Construction of SSUs Index:

To compare SSIUs for different districts, the data of SSIUs have to be converted in to either per lakh population or per 100 sq. km. area. In the present study, these two methods have been used. Further, when compared these two methods each other, huge discrepancy is found. Hence, an index has been constructed using these two indicators to give proper justice to area as well as population. At the outset, data on No. of SSIUs per lakh population and per 100 sq. km. area of each district have been normalized using state value as the denominator. In the second step, average of these two indicators is calculated for each district to reach the SSIUs Index value. In the last step, ranks are assigned based on the index value. Formula for the construction of SSIUs Index is as follows,

SSIUs Index = 𝑋𝑋𝑋𝑋 𝑋𝑋𝑋𝑋

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Where ‘d’ stands for district ‘s’ state ‘x’ variable ie., number of SSIUs per lakh population and number of SSIUs per 100 sq. km. area

In addition to the construction of index, districts are categorized1 into four groups i.e. Group I – Best, Group II – Above Average, Group III – Below Average and Group IV – Low. For this purpose, all the districts are first divided into two groups on the basis of state average values, - one above the state average and the other below the state average. Then two more averages are worked out, one for the group of districts whose values are above the state average and another for the group of districts whose values are below the state average. The districts whose values are above and below the former average are classified as Group I – Best and Group II – Above Average districts respectively. The districts whose values are above and below the latter average are classified as Group III – Below Average and Group IV – low districts respectively.

1This methodology adopted here is that employed by Dadibhavi (1989) in the report of research project entitled “Regional Variations in Infrastructure Development in India” 72

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II. Shri Abdul Nazir Sab Chair

Government of Karnataka has provided financial assistance to CMDR for establishing a Chair in the name of Shri Abdul Nazir Sab at the Centre (Financial year 2010-11). The main objective of the Chair is to undertake studies on Panchayat Raj system and to create awareness about decentralization process and guide the Panchayats in planning and monitoring the implementation of development programmes at grass root level on a regular basis.

Following studies are in progress under the Chair

1. Transforming into people driven Gram Panchayat-Action Intervention in Mugad Gram Panchayat (2016-2021)

Nayanatara S.Nayak, Narayan Billava, V T Hungund

About the Study :

The main objective of this action intervention is to facilitate and guide gram panchayat in its development initiatives for creating community development oriented gram panchayat through creation of awareness, capacity building, knowledge dissemination, tracking of resources, building network and community participation. And, encourage capacity building of youth through employment oriented skill development.

The objectives will be realized through discussions, training, social mobilization, demonstration, and participation. For planned intervention, CMDR has selected around 12 indicators, which will form the basis of our activities and assessment of development and impact. Awareness campaigns and tax collection campaigns are complete. Rejuvenation of traditional well, construction of toilets for Anganwadi children and village and household surveys has been completed with public- private partnership.

Under skill development poor SC and ST beneficiaries have received training in computer operation, embroidery, tailoring, car driving. An awareness programme on ill effects of tobacco was organized for the benefit of school and college children. As part of this essay competitions on the above theme were organized by local schools.

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2. Political Inclusion and Participation of SC/ST and OBC Women Members in Local Government: A Study in Karnataka” N.Sivanna and Narayana Billava

About the Study :

One of the more radical and liberal aspects of 73rdAmendment is the provision of providing reservation to SCs and STs (in proportion to their population) and onethird reservation (now it is up to 50 percent in good number of states including Karnataka) to women in membership and authority positions like president and vice-president. As of now, in this congenial environment, more and more members of socially disadvantaged groups of the society are getting into the political process and participating in decision-making. They are organising themselves and lobbying for their rightful share in all walks of life - a development that will create political awareness among these vulnerable groups. This provides us with a unique opportunity to study how these women, mainly those from marginalized sectors like SC, ST and OBC, are creating a space for themselves in politics at the grassroots. They have to overcome a highly patriarchal societal structure, as well as, a government structure that is known for being inaccessible to women. The time is right for this study as in a country with where a complex set of castegender-class based discriminations continue till date and where a great majority of people are excluded from the process of governance, inclusive governance becomes one of the critical and structural pre- requisites for the democratization of Local Self Governance (LSG). This study will add to the existing literature by providing a more nuanced understanding of the role of gender in local governance by focusing on the lived reality of women elected members.

Centre for Multi-disciplinary Development Research (CMDR)

Support Services

Library and Documentation Centre

CMDR library is one of the leading social science research libraries in north Karnataka with a large collection of books, journals, theses, reports, CDs, working papers and occasional papers of various social science institutes.

Library follows Dewey decimal classification system for the classification and arrangement of the documents. It is fully computerised with latest software LIBSYS 7.0 for housekeeping operations and also it provides Online Public Access Catalogue (OPAC) for its users.

The collection of the Library is rich and diverse, especially in the field of Health Economics, Tobacco studies, literature on AIDS/HIV, Economics of Education, Environmental Economics and multi-disciplinary fields. During the year 2018-19, it had a collection of 27888 documents including books, reports, working/occasional papers, back volumes, journals, CDs, theses, etc. A separate collection of research papers (reprints) authored by some of the leading social scientists has also been preserved.

Library subscribes to online journals like JSTOR, EPW, Sage online & Econolit journals and statistical online sources like Indiastat.com, Districts of India, Economic Outlook, Prowess & EPWRF.

As on March 31, 2020, total collection of the CMDR library is 28146. Addition to the library is as below: New Additions (April 2019- March 2020) Purchase of Books 194 Donated Books 030 Reports 006 Working Papers 028 Back Volumes - CDs - Thesis - Total 258

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Subscribed Journals for the Year 2019-20

During the year 2019-20, the library subscribed to a total of 58 journals, of which the number of international and national journals/periodicals was 16+42, respectively.

Computer Centre

The computer facilities at CMDR are being increasingly used by the faculty, its administrative staff as well as social scientists and students from elsewhere. These facilities also help the researchers visiting the institute for various training programmes, computer application component in research methodology course (RMC), etc. The data processing unit of CMDR provides data processing facility, as well as, assistance as regards the use of the statistical packages, such as SPSS, Stata, Sigma Plot, etc to research scholars.

The Institute has state-of-the-art computer centre with about 35 computers hooked through local area network and Wi-Fi connectivity. The fibre-optic connectivity with 10.00 Mbps (1:1) Bandwidth providing continuous internet facility has been added. The centre has a set of high-speed Colour Digital Printer, LaserJet Network Printers for production of quality outputs to support our system. It is also equipped with an Uninterrupted Power Supply Unit with battery backup for the entire computer centre.

Centre for Multi-disciplinary Development Research (CMDR)

Publications

Books

Panchamukhi P R (2019), Tatva Vada Based Ethics in Dasa Sahitya With A Focus on the Contributions of Kanaka Dasa, Kanaka Adhyayana Publication- 35, Prasaranga, Karnatak University, Dharwad

Vinod B. Annigeri, S. V. Hanagodimath (2019), Regional Imbalances in Karnataka: A Decadal Comparison Through Taluk Report Cards, Serials Publications Pvt. Limited, 2019

Billava N and Kulkarni A R, Participation in Democratic Decentralized Governance Through Gram Sabha: A case Study From Karnataka, in Decentralized Governance and Planning in India Essays in Honor of Prof Abdul Aziz, Edited by Gayithri Karnam, N Sivanna and M Devendra Babu, Stadium Press Publications, 2020, ISBN 13 : 9789385046612

Research Papers and Articles in Journals

Nayanatara Nayak, Amita Shah, Fahimuddin S., Indranil Bose, L.Venkatachalam, N.L.M.Reddy (2019), “Challenges in shifting from tobacco: Perceptions of tobacco growers from major tobacco growing states in India”, Journal of Public Health and Tobacco (Special Edition), Consortium for Tobacco Free Karnataka & Mazumdar Shaw Medical Centre, Bengaluru.

Hanagodimath S V and Annigeri V B (2019), “Investigating the Hunger Index: Evidence from Karnataka”, Economic & Political Weekly, Vol. 54, Issue No. 15,

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Monographs / Working Papers/Discussion Papers

Annigeri V B, Kulkarni A R and Revankar D R (2019): “Loan Waiver Scheme: Are we Caught Up in Cogmire (In Kannada Language)” . Monograph No.104, ISBN No. 978-81-935209-8-7

Hanagodimath S V (2019) “Regional Disparity in Per Capita Income in India: A Study on Inter-state and Intra-state Analysis”, CMDR Monograph Series No. – 105, September – 2019, http://cmdr.ac.in/editor_v51/assets/Mono- 105.pdf

Newspaper Articles/Book Reviews

Narayana Billava, �� PÀ£ÁðlPÀ ¥ÀAZÁAiÀÄvï ¥ÀjµÀvï ªÀiÁ¸À ¥ÀwæPÉ, ¨ÉAUÀ¼ÀÆgÀÄ r¸ÉA§gï, 2019 Narayana Billava, �� , PÀ£ÁðlPÀ ¥ÀAZÁAiÀÄvï ¥ÀjµÀvï ªÀiÁ¸À ¥ÀwæPÉ, ¨ÉAUÀ¼ÀÆgÀÄ CPÉÆÖÃ§gï 2019 Narayana Billava, PÀgÁªÀ½ ¨sÁUÀzÀ°è d£À-ªÀÄ£À ¸ÀÆgÉUÉÆAqÀ ¥ÀAZÁAiÀÄvï ¥Àæw¤¢üUÀ¼À ºÉÆ¼À¥ÀÄ PÁAiÀÄðPÀæªÀÄzÀ ªÉÊ²µÀÖöåUÀ¼ÀÄ, PÀ£ÁðlPÀ ¥ÀAZÁAiÀÄvï ¥ÀjµÀvï ªÀiÁ¸À ¥ÀwæPÉ, ¨ÉAUÀ¼ÀÆgÀÄ ¥sÉ§ÄæªÀj 2020

Seminars/Workshops/Training Programmes Organized by CMDR 78

Centre for Multi-disciplinary Development Research (CMDR)

TRAINING PROGRAMMES /WORKSHIPS

 Institute organised 4th Five Day Summer School on “Health Policy Analysis: Theory and Measurement” in collaboration with Indian Health Economics and Policy Association (IHEPA) and Azim Premji University, Bangaluru organized from June 25 to June 29, 2019 in the premises of the CMDR.

The course targeted M.Phil/PhD students and early career researchers working on applied health economics and policy issues

 Institute organized Eight Day Course on “Econometric Analysis for Social Scientists” organized from August 12, 2019 to August 20, 2019 in its Seminar Hall. The focus of the course was to impart quantitative technique skills to the Ph.D. Scholars

 Institute organized an Orientation Programme on “CS Pro – The Data Entry Software” on September 27, 2019 in its Seminar Hall for the researchers and research scholars.

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 Institute organized Five Days workshop on “Quantitative Techniques” from December 9 to December 13, 2019 in the premises of the Centre. The focus of the workshop was to impart quantitative technique skills to the Ph.D. Scholars and researchers.

 Institute organized one day training Programme on “EBSCO - Research Databases, e-Journals, Magazine Subscriptions, e-Books and Discovery Service to Libraries” on March 6, 2020 in the seminar hall of the Centre for the benefit of Ph.D. Scholars. Researchers and Library Staff.

SEMINARS / LECTURES / DISCUSSION MEETNGS

 On the occasion of International Yoga Day the Centre organized a Special Lecture on “Yoga and Health” on June 21, 2019 in the Centre. Shri Ramesh Salonki, In- Charge of Dharwad District Patanjali Yoga Centre delivered a lecture on “Benefits Yoga in Our Daily Life”.

 Institute organized a Public

Lecture u nder Abdul Nazir Sab Panchayat Raj Chair on December 19, 2019 at the Seminar Hall of the Institute. Dr. Meenakshi Sundaram S.S., Former Principal Secretary, Rural Development and Panchayat Raj Department,

Centre for Multi-disciplinary Development Research (CMDR)

Govt. of Karnataka, delivered a lecture on “Contribution of Shri Abdul Nazir Sab in Strengthening Panchayat Raj Institutions in Karnataka”. Shri Kota Shrinivas Poojari, Hon’ble Ministert for Muzrai, Fisheries, Ports and Inland Transport Department, Government of Karnataka was the Chief Guest, Shri Kadroli, Executive Officer, Taluk Panchayat, Dharwad and Prof. Sivanna, Chair Professor, Abdul Nazir Sab Panchayat Raj Chair & CEO Karnataka Panchayat Raj Parishat, Bangalore were the Guest of Honours.

 Institute jointly with Giri Institute of Development Studies (GIDS), Lucknow (UP) organized the Report Dissemination Seminar of the study “Economics of Tobacco Farming in India” at Giri Institute of Development Studies (GIDS), Luc know (UP) on February 25, 2020

 Institute organized Two Day National Seminar on “India's Foreign Policy in a Changing World Order” on March 4 and 5, 2020 under Dr.D.M.Nanjundappa Chair in the seminar hall of the Centre.

Prof. G. Gopa Kumar Vice-Chancellor, Central University of Kerala, Kasargod delivered the Inaugural Address. Prof.Navnita Chadha Behera, Professor of Political Science, University of

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Delhi, Delhi delivered the Key Note address. LT.Gen. (Retd.) S.C. Sardeshpande was the Guest of Honor on the occasion

 Institute along with RTE Society’s Arts, Science & Commerce Degree College, Ranebennur, organized One Day Inter-disciplinary National Seminar on “Socio-economic and Political Development in India”, on March 6, 2020, at Ranebennur.

Social science Lecture Series at CMDR

CMDR has initiated a program for the benefit of Ph.D scholars in social sciences and other academic community of this region through a lecture series by

 As part of Social Science Lecture Series Professor Sagar, Davanagere

delivered a lecture on “Vitality of Philosophical Foundations for Cutting Edge Research and Research Methodology” on April 18, 2019 in the Seminar Hall of the Institute

 As part of Social Science Lecture Series, Dr.Pushkarni Panchamukhi, Academic Director, & Economics Teacher, Bhaktivedanta Gurukula & International School, Vindavan delivered a lecture on “Basics of Social Science Research” on June 17, 2019 in the seminar hall of the Institute.

 As a part of Social Science Lecture Series, Prof. Veena Naregal, Institute of Economic Growth (IEG), New Delhi, delivered a lecture on “Building an Argument – from Critical Reading to Critical Writing” on July 1, 2019 in the Seminar Hall of the Institute.

 As a part of Social Science Lecture Series, Prof. Sharada Bhat, Department of Statistics, Karnatak University, Dharwad, delivered a

Centre for Multi-disciplinary Development Research (CMDR)

lecture on “Hypothesis Testing” on December 20, 2019 the Seminar Hall of the Centre.

 As a part of Social Science Lecture Series, Prof. Veena Naregal, Institute of Economic Growth (IEG), New Delhi, delivered a lecture on “Critical Research Skills : How to get the Most of Your Literature Review?” on December 23, 2019 in the Seminar Hall of the Centre.

OTHER ACTIVITIES

 ICSSR Review Committee visited the Institute on 16th and 17th May, 2019.

 Institute jointly with Gram Panchayat Mugad organized an Awareness programme on “Ill Effects of Tobacco Consumption and its Control” at Mugad village on February 28, 2020

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Participation of Faculty in Conferences/Seminars/Workshops/ Lectures/ Meetings

Invited Lecture/ Paper Presented

Annigeri V B

 Delivered a lecture on “Research Methods in Social Sciences & Questionnaire Design” during Induction Training Programme for Assistant Professors of Commerce, organized by Higher Education Academy, Karnatak University Campus, Dharwad on July 18, 2019.  Delivered a Special Lecture on “Questionnaire Development and Data Analysis” organized by Karnataka State Law College, Hubli on November 8, 2019.  Delivered a lecture on “Research Methods in Social Sciences” on December 11, 2019 organized by UGC-Human Resource Development Centre, Karnatak University, Dharwad  Delivered a lecture on the occasion of 70th Orientation Programme on “Questionnaire” on February 7, 2020 organized by UGC-Human Resource Development Centre, Karnatak University, Dharwad.  Invited as Resource Person on the occasion of Inter Disciplinary Refresher Course in Social Sciences to deliver lecture on “How to write Minor Research Project Proposal” on 16.3.2020 organized by UGC- Human Resource Development Centre, Karnatak University, Dharwad.

Nayanatara S Nayak

 Presentation made on “Economics of Tobacco in India” at Niti Aayog, Government of India, New Delhi on April 10, 2019

 Presentation made on “Challenges in shifting from tobacco cultivation” at Narayan Hridayalaya, Bengaluru on World No Tobacco Day on May 31, 2019.

 Delivered lecture on “Review of Literature” at CMDR, Dharwad to Ph.D. scholars on November 18, 2019.

Centre for Multi-disciplinary Development Research (CMDR)

Kulkarni A R

 Presented a paper along with Dr. D.R. Revankar on “"Sanitation and Its Impact on Tourism in Karnataka" at 2nd Joint International Conference on Tourism, Hospitality And Sustainable Development Goals, February 8-10, 2020 at Hyderabad.

 Presented a paper along with Dr. D.R. Revankar on "Managing Sanitation at Tourist Places in Karnataka: Issues and Challenges" at 2nd Joint International Conference On Tourism, Hospitality And Sustainable Development Goals, February 8-10, 2020 at Hyderabad

 Presented a paper on “Local commons in a Globalised World: A Case of Grazing Lands” for National Seminar on “India’s Foreign Policy In A Changing World Order’ which was held at CMDR, Dharwad on March4- 5, 2020

Shiddalingaswami H

 Presented a paper (online) on “HDI of Dalits and Tribes in India: The Distance to be Travelled” at International Conference on Sustainable Development 2019 is jointly organized by International Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Law (ICIRL), Centre for Research in Social Justice and Policy (CRSJP) at Laurentian University and Ontario International Development Agency (OIDA) in Canada. And Montclair State University Department of Earth & Environmental Studies USA, at Harvard University, Joseph B. Martin Conference Centre, on December 10 –11, 2019 (Virtual Participation)

 Presented a paper on “Bus Rapid Transit System (BRTS) in Hubli- Dharwad city of Karnataka” at 39th Annual Conference of Centre for Urban Economic Studies, Calcutta University, CUES Conference Room CU Alipore Campus on February 7, 2020

 Presented a paper on “Micro Small and Medium Enterprises in India: Status and Challenges” at Two-Day National Conference, “Role of

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MSMEs in Inclusive Growth and Sustainable Economic Development of India: Issues and Challenges”, at Department of Economic Studies and Planning, School of Business Studies, Central University of Karnataka, February 10-11, 2020

 Presented a paper on “Regional Imbalances in MSMEs in Karnataka: A Special Focus on Small Scale Industries”at Two-Day National Conference, “Role of MSMEs in Inclusive Growth and Sustainable Economic Development of India: Issues and Challenges”, at Department of Economic Studies and Planning, School of Business Studies, Central University of Karnataka, February 10-11, 2020

 Presented a paper on “Regional Imbalances in Karnataka: Status and Challenges”, at Inter-disciplinary National Seminar on Socio-economic and Political Development in India, at RTE Society’s Arts, Science & Commerce Degree College, Ranebennur on March 6, 2020

Narayana Billava

 Presented a paper on “Tracking Scale up of Continuous Water Services in Hubli-Dharwad India” at the UN Water and Health Conference at the University of North Carolina (UNC), Chapel Hill, USA, October 7 to 11, 2019.

 Presented a paper on “Micro Small and Medium Enterprises in India: Status and Challenges”, at the Two-Day National Conference on Role of MSMEs in Inclusive Growth and Sustainable Economic Development of India - Issues and Challenges held at the Department of Economic Studies and Planning, Central University of Karnataka, Kalaburagi, 10-11, February 2020. (along with Dr. Hanagodimath)

 Presented a paper on “Tracking Scale-Up of Continuous Water Services in Hubli-Dharwad, Karnataka: Discussion on Urban Governance and Sustenance Issues”, at the 39th Annual Conference which held at Centre for Urban Economic Studies (CUES), University of Calcutta, on 7th February 2020 (along with Prof Nayak).

 Presented a paper on “Devolution and Performance Index Report for Panchayat Raj Institutions of Karnataka”, at one day workshop, conducted by RDPR& PR Department, Bangalore GOK, on 1st, August 2019 (Prof Sivanna and Dr.Hangodimath)

Centre for Multi-disciplinary Development Research (CMDR)

Participation in Other Academic Activities

Panchamukhi P R

 Written an article on “Yoga and Bharat”, a multidisciplinary perspective in Hindi. This was written on an invitation from a journal published at Lucknow.

 Written Forward to a book on “Growth Development and Education”, by Dr A.N. Kabbur, Member of the Governing Council, CMDR

 Written Forward to a book “Universal Secondary Education in India” edited by Prof. J BG Tilak and published by Springers Publications.

Annigeri V B

 Chaired the Technical Session on the theme “Skills and Entrepreneurship Development” held on May 31, 2019 during the three day national seminar on “The UN Sustainable Goals, Ba-Bapu and Civil Society” organized by Karnataka State Rural Development and Pancyayat Raj University, Gadag.

 Invited as a Speaker on the occasion of a Round Table discussion on Draft National Education Policy-2019 held on June 23, 2019 at Senate Hall, KLE Technological University, Hubli organized by Karnataka Rajya Mahavidyalaya Shikshak Sangha

 Invited as a Chief Guest for the Workshop on “Draft New Education Policy – 2019” organized by Karnataka Law University, Dharwad on July 23, 2019

 Chaired one of the sessions on the occasion of Two Day National Workshop on “Economics from the Broader Perspective” organized by Karnatak Arts College, Dharwad held on July 26th and 27th , 2019.

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 Invited as a Chief Guest on the occasion of “Inaugural Function and Welcome to Freshers” organized by Karnatak College, Dharwad PC Mahalonobis Statistics Study Circle held on September 11, 2019.

 Attended the Technical Advisory Group meeting of the research project “Capacity Building and Research on Public Finances for Children in Karnataka State” held on September 18, 2019.

 Evaluated the Report of Ph.D. thesis entitled “Reforms in Direct Tax Administration and Tax Performance in India” received from the Registrar, University of Mysore, Myore

 Participated as a Member in the Technical Advisory Group of the UNICEF Project on Child Budget organized by Fiscal Policy Institute on January 8, 2020.

 Chaired the Technical Session I-C on “Assessment of Household Health Expenditure” during Eight Annual Conference of Indian Health Economics and Planning Association (IHEPA) on Social Determinants of Health on January 23-24, 2020 held at Bhubaneswar, Odisha.

 Invited as Resource Person on the occasion of 70th Orientation Programmeto deliver lecture on “Research Methedology and How to Write Project Proposal” on February 7, 2020 organized by UGC-Human Resource Development Centre, Karnatak University, Dharwad.

 Invited as one of the Panelists on the occasion of Union Budget 2020 on the topic “Union Budget 2020-Health and Education” organized by Dr.D.M.Nanjundappa Centre for Applied Research in Economics” Dept of Economics, Karnatak University Dharwad on February 4, 2020.

 Invited as Chief Guest on the Valedictory Function of “World Anthropology Day – New Pradigms on Tribal Health – Issues and Challegnes” organized by Department of Anthropology, Karnatak College, Dharwad on February 20,2020.

 Attended the Capacity Building Programme–cum-National Level Workshop held on March 2, 2020 organized by Department of Studies in

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Economics, DavanagereUniverstiy, Sivagangotri. CMDR is Technical Partner in organizing this programme.

 Participated in the Special Lecture Programme on the topic “Financial Inclusion Through Pradhan Mantri Jan DhanYojana in India: Emerging Evidence” and “Dr.D.M.Nanjundappa as a Pioneer in Decetralized Planning” organized by Dr.D.M.Nanjundappa Centre for Applied Research in Economics and Dept of Economics, Karnatak University, Dharwad held on March 12, 2020

Nayanatara S Nayak

 Organized lectures on basic econometrics for two days on August 19 & 20, 2019 by D r. Sabuj Kumar Mandal for research scholars.

 Organized lectures as part of inaugural of the Centre for Applied Research in Economics at Karnatak University on November 8, 2019.

 Attended colloquium of research student at Kannada University, Hampi on September 20, 2019

 Attended pre submission colloquium of research student at Mangalore University on September 23, 2019

 Reviewer of ICSSR Research Proposals under MHRD IMPRESS scheme- November-December 2019

 Organized lectures on “Sampling techniques, sample size and Hypothesis testing” by Dr. Sharada Bhat for research scholars on December 20, 2019

 Submission of Ph.D. thesis “Energy use pattern in Household sector: A comparative study in rural and urban areas” by Ph.D. student Ms. Smitha Bhaskar to Mangalore University in December 2019.

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 Organised Project Report Dissemination Event jointly with A.R.Kulkarni and S.V.Hanagodimath at GIDS Lucknow on February 25, 2020 and made presentation on “Economics of Tobacco farming in India”

 Organised Tobacco Control Awareness Programme jointly with Dr. Narayan Billava at Alur Venkatrao College, Mugad on February 28, 2020

 Organised Basic Econometrics Course for Research Scholors by Dr. Pushkarini Panchamukhi

Kulkarni A R

 Participated in the Dissemination workshop related to "Economics of Tobacco Farming in India”at Giri Institute of Development Studies (GIDS), Lucknow on February 25, 2020

 Seminar Co-ordinator for National Seminar on “India’s Foreign Policy In A Changing World Order’ which was held at CMDR, Dharwad on 4th and 5th of March, 2020.

 Presently guiding 6 Ph.D Scholars

Jai Prabhakar S C

 Participated in the syllabus revision workshop of Anthropology on April 9, 2019 at the department of Anthropology, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune

 Participated in workshop and conference on “Forensic research and analysis” held on April 25-26, 2019 (2 days) at Radisson Blu Hotel, Paschim Vihar, New Delhi, organised by Select Biosciences India Pvt.Ltd. Chandigarh.

 Participated in the syllabus revision workshop of Anthropology on 14 May, 2019 at the department of Anthropology, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune

 Participated in Eight-days course on “Econometric Analysis for Social Scientists” held at CMDR, Dharwad during August 12 to 20, 2019

Centre for Multi-disciplinary Development Research (CMDR)

 Research Guide for 2 Ph.D. scholars (2019-20)

 Engaged classes for Ph.D course work students of Anthropology (2019- 20) in the department of Anthropology, Karnataka University, Dharwad from July 2, 2019 to November 2, 2019.

 External Examiner, Karnatak Science College, Dharwad- 2019 and 2020

 Internal Examiner, Department of Anthropology, Karnatak University, Dharwad on 6 and 7th January, 2020.

 Data compilation- Districts of India: statistical data for the benefit of faculty member/research scholars and academic community (January 2020).

Shiddalingaswami H

 Invited by Chief Electoral Officer of Karnataka to prepare Strategy of systematic Voter Education and Electoral Participation (SVEEP) the research study on End line Survey for knowledge Attitude and Practice of Citizens, along with Prof S. Madheswaran, Dr B P Vani and others, October 2019.

 Invited for the project initiation meeting as a discussant for the study “the Socio Economic Status of Schedule Caste Leather Artisans in Karnataka”, at ISEC Bengaluru, on March 2nd and 3rd , 2020

 Organized One Day Inter-disciplinary National Seminar on Socio- economic and Political Development in India, along with RTE Society’s Arts, Science & Commerce Degree College, Ranebennur on March 6, 2020, at Ranebennur

ANNUAL REPORT 2019-20

Narayana Billava

 Facilitated to conduct the meeting on skill development and employment opportunity for SC/ST in Mugad village on March to June 2019.

 Reviewed paper on “Habitations, Villages And Gram Panchayats: Local Drinking Water Planning In Rural India" (ref: WASHDev-D-18- 00196R1), for the Journal of Water, Sanitation and Hygiene for Development, June 2019.

 Participated in Water Research Forum on Water Supply System in California, Conducted by Department of Energy & Resources Group University of California, Berkeley on November 6, 2019.

 Facilitated to Organize “Public lecture on the contribution of Shri Abdul Nazir Sab for the strengthening of PRIs in Karnataka, by Meenakshisundaram SS, at CMDR, on December 19, 2019.

 Facilitated to conduct Awareness programme on “Ill Effects of Tobacco Consumption and its Control” organized jointly by CMDR and Gram Panchayat, Mugad, February 28, 2020

 Reviewed Paper on “The Impact of Statutory Liquidity Ratio as an Instrument of Indian Monetary Policy on the rate of Inflation: An Analytical Study” for the Journal Of Trade, Commerce And Business Affairs (JTCBA ), Pune, March 2020.

 Conducted public lecture on “Women and Water Budget Programme” for international women day in Mugad Village Dharwad on March 8, 2020.

 Participated in Research Forum on Towards Gender Equality through Sanitation Access. Conducted by Athena Infonomics, Washington D,C.

Centre for Multi-disciplinary Development Research (CMDR)

Distinguished Visitors

• Shri Kota Shrinivas Poojari, Hon’ble Minister for Muzrai, Fisheries, Ports and Inland Transport Department, Government of Karnataka • Prof. (Dr.) P. Ishwara Bhat, Vice-Chancellor, Karnataka State Law University, Hubballi • Prof. G. Gopa Kumar Vice-Chancellor, Central University of Kerala, Kasargod • Dr. Pushkarni Panchamukhi, Academic Director, Bhaktivedanta Gurukula & International School, Vindavan • Sri R Dileep, Police Commissioner of Hubli-Dharwad City. • Shri I F Maagi, Deputy Secretary, Higher Education, Govt. of Karnataka • Dr. Meenakshi Sundaram S.S., Former Principal Secretary, Rural Development and Panchayat Raj Department, Govt. of Karnataka • Shri Kadroli, Executive Officer, Taluk Panchayat, Dharwad • Admiral Arun Prakash PVSM ; AVSM VrC VSM ADC (Retd), Former Chief of Naval Staff • Air Vice Marshal MM Bahadur AVSM VM (Retd), Additional Director General, Centre for Air Power Studies, New Delhi • Mrs. Madhu Bhaduri, IFS, Former Ambassador • Prof. T. Krishna Kumar of Rockville Analytics, Maryland, USA • Professor Deepak Kumar Behera, Vice Chancellor, Sambalpur University, Odisha • Prof.M.G. Chandrakanth, Director, Institute for Social and Economic Change (ISEC), Bangalore • Shri V.Y.Ghorpade, Vice Chairman, Karnataka State Decentralized Planning and Development Committee, Government of Karnataka • Dr. S. S. Meenakshisundaram, IAS Retd., and Ex-Principal Secretary, RDPR, Government of Karnataka

ANNUAL REPORT 2019-20

Representation of Faculty in Different Bodies

Panchamukhi P R

• Life Member, Indian Economic Association, Bombay • Member, International Editorial Advisory Board, Journal of Educational Planning and Administration, NIEPA, New Delhi.

Annigeri V B

• Joint Secretary, Indian Health Economics and Policy Association (IHEPA) • Honorary Secretary, Karnataka Historical Research Society, Dharwad • Member, Indian Association for Educational Planning and Administration, New Delhi • Member, Indian Economic Association • Member, Health Financing India Network (HFIN), Hyderabad • Life member of Indian Association of Social Science and Health (IASSH) • Member, Board of Studies, KLE’s Lingraj College, Belgaum • Member of the Advisory Committee on “Hubballi-Dharwad Smart City SWOT Analysis on Industries”constituted as part of strengthening the Hubballi-Dharwad Smart City Proposal by the Deputy Commissioner, Hubballi-Dhrwad Municipal Corporation • Member of the Advisory Committee of the Canara Bank Chair, established at the Department of Economics, Karnatak University, Dharwad • Member of Editorial Board of IER Journal of Health and Demography”. The journal is being published by JSS Institute of Economic Research, Dharwad • Nominated as a Member of the Board of Studies in Economics (PG) by LingararjCollege, Belgavi • Invited as a Member of Advisory Committee of Canara Bank chair in the Department of Economics, Karnatak University, Dharwad. • Member of the Technical Advisory Group of the research project “Capacity Building and Research on Public Finances for Children in Karnataka State” in partnership with the UNICEF.

Centre for Multi-disciplinary Development Research (CMDR)

• Member of Advisory Committee member of MahalaxmiCoperative Bank, Ltd., Dharwad. • Invited as Member of the Board of Syllabus Committee for “Diploma in Cooperation and Banking Management” Course constituted by Karnataka State Law University, Hubli.

Nayanatara S Nayak

• Life member of Indian Economic Association • Life member Karnataka Economic Society • Life member SAHAYOGA (NGO) Bangalore • Life member Indian Health Economics and Policy Association (IHEPA), New Delhi

Kulkarni A R

• Life Member, Indian Health Economics and Policy Association (IHEPA), India • Life Member, Indian Association for Research in National Income and Wealth (IARNIW) • Member: (IOCOM) International Organization for Collaborative Outcome Management

Jai Prabhakar S C

• Member, Board of Studies in Anthropology (BOS), Savitribai Phule University, Pune, from 2019 to April 2020. • Member, Board of Examiners (BOE), UG and PG examinations in Anthropology, University of Mysore during the year 2018-19 and 2019- 20. • Doctoral Committee Member, Department of studies in Anthropology, Karnatak University, From January, 2019. • Life Member, Indian National Confederation and the Academy of Anthropologists (INCAA), Calcutta, India • Life Member, Anthropological Association (AA), Mysore, India • Life Member, Society for Indian Medical Anthropology (SIMA), Mysore • Life Member, Indian Academy of So`cial Science, Lucknow, India

ANNUAL REPORT 2019-20

• Life Member, International Organization for Collaborative Outcome Management (IOCOM) http://www.iocomsa.org/node • Associate Editor, 'Pratibimba' (ISSN 2582-2284)-Multidisciplinary Research Journal

Billava Narayan

• Member in the International Water Association, New Delhi India. • Life Time Member, Academy of Grassroots Studies and Research of India (AGRSRI) Tirupati (AP). • Member of the Editorial Board of Journal Of Trade, Commerce And Business Affairs (JTCBA ), Pune, Maharashtra (MH) • Reviewer. Journal of Water, Sanitation and Hygiene for Development, London UK. • Life Time Member, Indian Association for Research in National Income and Wealth, New Delhi, India. • Life Time Member International Billava Association Dubai and Hubli Dharwad Billava Association, Hubli, India. • Chief Editor for “Billava Smaranike” Published by Hubli Dharwad Billava Samaja Seva Sangha, Hubli. • Life Time Member, Akhila Bharata Kannada Parishat, Bangalore.

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