Marian Studies Volume 45 Mary and Religious Education: Proceedings of the Forty-Fifth Annual Meeting of the Article 13 Mariological Society of America, held in New Orleans, LA

1994 A Survey of Recent Eamon R. Carroll

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Recommended Citation Carroll, Eamon R. (1994) "A Survey of Recent Mariology," Marian Studies: Vol. 45, Article 13. Available at: https://ecommons.udayton.edu/marian_studies/vol45/iss1/13

This Back Matter is brought to you for free and open access by the Marian Library Publications at eCommons. It has been accepted for inclusion in Marian Studies by an authorized editor of eCommons. For more information, please contact [email protected], [email protected]. Carroll: A Survey of Recent Mariology

A SURVEY OF RECENT MARIOLOGY

Eamon R. Carroll, O.Carm. *

The three opening items of this year's Survey are (1) a book on the by Nicholas Ayo, C.S.C.; (2) Stephen Benko's study on Mariology; and (3) a reflection from the Holy Father's letter for the year of the family. The University of Notre Dame published (1994) The Hail Mary: A Verbal of Mary, following Ayo's earlier books, The Lord's : A Survey, Theological and Literary (Notre Dame, 1992) and The Creed as Symbol (Notre Dame, 1989).As in the previous titles the author analyzes the prayer line by line, and then offers an anthology by authors ancient and modern. Nine selections range from to Sister Agnes Cunningham, touching along the way and Savonarola. Five chapters make up the Introduction (e.g., per­ ceptive comment on the concerns of feminism and ecu­ menism); Final Words comprise additional short chapters (e.g., "The Hail Mary as the Prayer of the Holy Spirit"). A bibli­ ography on the Ave Maria and a selected list of books in En­ glish about Mary round out the 231-page volume. Stephen Benko (a Protestant) has written over the years on Mariological topics, also on the communion of . In spite of its foreboding title, his The : Studies in the Pagan and Christian Roots ofMariology (Brill, New York and Cologne, 1993) is a respectful and useful study. Benko argues that, from the Apocalypse (Rev.12), Christians were influenced by the pagan patterns of Mediterranean in elaborat­ ing their image of the Virgin Mother of the Savior. His thesis is

"Fr. Carroll, O.Carm., is professor emeritus of at Loyola University () and also a member of the faculty of the International Marian Research In­ stitute of the University of Dayton. XLV (1994) MARIAN STUDIES 250-271

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no simplistic return to the comparative religious reductionism of a century ago, but a balanced appeal not to overlook the Near Eastern attempts to express the feminine qualities of the divine. Benko in no way denies the newness of Christianity and the orthodoxy of the Christo logical title ofTheotokos. The papal "Letter to families worldwide for the 1994Year of the Family;" February 2, 1994, can be found in The Speaks 39 Quly-August, 1994), 208-245.The conclusion appeals to the example and intercession of Mary and : " Mary, Mother of Fairest Love, and Joseph, Guardian of the Redeemer, accompany us all with their constant protection." John Paul II gives as well several pages to Mary as Mother of fairest love, a truth "already revealed in the words of the , but its full significance will gradually become clearer and more evident as Mary follows her Son in the pilgrimage of faith." Joseph too is caught up in this mystery of love:

Mary was the first to enter this realm [i.e., the mystery of the Incarnation] and she introduced her husband joseph into it. Thus they became the first models of that fairest love which the Church continually implores for young people, husbands and wives and families. Young people, spouses and families themselves should never cease to pray for this. How can we not think about the crowds of pilgrims, old and young, who visit Marian and gaze upon the face of the Mother of , on the faces of the , where they fmd reflected the full beauty of the love which God has given to mankind?

The Holy Father's pastoral message for the feast of , November 22, 1981, Familiaris Consortia, offered simi­ lar teaching (e.g., "May the Virgin Mary, who is the , also be the mother of 'the church of the home.' Thanks to her motherly aid, may each Christian family really be­ come a 'little church,' in which the mystery of the church of Christ is mirrored and given new life"). There follow the customary divisions of the Survey: 1. Sci­ entific periodicals and annuals; 2. Magisterial documents; 3. Scripture and tradition; 4. Doctrine: general and particular; 5. Liturgy, devotion and devotions; 6. Ecumenism; 7. Miscellany. An appendix offers a "Further selection of recent writings."

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1. Scientific periodicals and annual proceedings The second number of the new, twice-yearly Italian : Ricerche interdisciplinari di Mariologia (vol. 1, 1993/2) reached subscribers early in 1994. Editor A. Valentini, S.M.M., set the stage. There are seven studi, then reviews and notices.A. Serra leads off with a scriptural study entitled "Gala­ tians 4,4: a Mariology in a nutshell" (lit. in germe).The Marian­ ist Luigi Gambero, well known to American audiences from his many summers at the University of Dayton, considers Galatians 4,4 in patristic exegesis.A. M.Triacca writes of Galatians 4,4 in current Roman liturgy, the Mass, and the Hours. A brief sum­ mary in English follows his long article, and similar summaries append the other articles also.The fmalline oftheTriacca sum­ mary runs: "The Author dwells upon the interchange between lectio-celebratio-conjessio of the biblical locus in question and on its implications in the sphere of mario logy." Francesco Lambiasi writes of"Mary, the woman and the Trin­ ity," a study in current theology, with feminist ramifications. Vilma 0. Gozzini of Florence offers a reflection based on moth­ erhood in an artitle entitled "Partorito da donna" (born of a woman), again Galatians 4,4.The team ofG.Mattai and B. Marra, from the theological faculty of South , offers the article "Re­ flections on an anthropological-sociological reading of Gala­ tions 4,4ff.," considerations on the concepts of generation and law, and the role of the . Michele G. Masciarelli applies the Marian pericope of Galatians 4,4 to the indispensable role of our Lady in catechesis, for she is situated "in the very heart of the moment of grace."Ten titles are in the review section, some fairly lengthy and bearing witness to the health of theol­ ogy about the Virgin Mary in Italian thought. S. De Fiores, re­ cent book is reviewed: Maria Madre di Gesu. Sintesi storico-salvifica (Bologna, 1992). De Fiores himself reviews the important title (flrst in the series Monumenta Italica Mari­ ana),Ippolito Marracci. Un protagonista del movimento mar­ iana del secolo XVII (Ed. Monfortane, Roma, 1992), by a member of Marracci's religious order, E Petrillo.This initial title in the series is a project of the new A.M.I. (Associazione Mari­ ologica Interdisciplinare Italiana), of which Theotokos is the organ. Petrillo's comprehensive study, fllled with information

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on Man-acci and his extensive writings, is his doctoral thesis from the Pontifical Gregorian University (19 June 1992). The section "Notizie," concluding the issue, reports on the papers of the Italian group at the international congress of Huelva, September, 1992, also on two other gatherings-the ninth international symposium at the , Novem­ ber, 1992, on Marian spirituality, and an October, 1992, Roman meeting for the 150th anniversary of the discovery of Mont­ fort's True Devotion.The next number of Theotokos will be ti­ tled" La Mariologia oggi: ricerca e insegnamento;' and will have the acts of the Italian society's Loreto convention of Septem­ ber 29-0ctober 2, 1993. The Mariological Society of America salutes the new A.M.I., and its journal Theotokos, for truly in­ terdisciplinary articles and referee-journal quality book re­ views.Auguri! After a fifteen-year editorship over Ephemerides Mariolog­ icae, D. Fernandez has been replaced by a brother Claretian,An­ gel Aparicio, with a supporting staff. The journal wears a new typographical face and promises to study the figure of Mary un­ der this set of headings: in relation to , along with St. Joseph, in connection with the women of the , in the com­ munion of saints, in relationship to peoples and cultures and mystical experience, also "con Ia madre-naturaleza:' The four numbers for 1993 (vol.43) take up in order: Mary according to St. Matthew; Mary in the Gospel and Acts of St. Luke; Mary in the Gospel of John and the Apocalypse; finally, a full issue for chronicles and book reviews. The issue Qan.-Mar.) on St. Matthew offers four studies: women in the genealogy (Severi­ ano Blanco); the origin of Jesus Oose Cristo Rey Garda); the visit of the Magi (Ramon Alfonso Diez); and by editor-in-chief A.Aparicio,"La madre del pueblo en el anti-exodo yen el nuevo exodo (Mt 2, 13-23)."This last is a study in St. Matthew's theo­ logical geography: hence anti-exodo means back to Egypt, and the new exodus "from Egypt I have called my son."The section "Notas" has three articles: one by Carmen Bernabe on the para­ doxically subversive character of the women of Matthew's ge­ nealogy; a second piece on the biblical brethren ofJesus, and, thirdly, the only non-Spanish essay in the issue, Stephen Sher­ wood's "Jesus'True Relatives." Sherwood is listed on the mast-

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head as the correspondent from the .After each article there is a short summary in French and English. The pa­ tristic section is by former editor D. Fernandez, and there is a final liturgy section by Danilo M. Sartor, on Mary in the Christ­ mas and Easter cycles. The April-June number is on Mary in Luke's Gospel and the Acts, with four studies, five "notes," and patristic and liturgical sections (these last two again by Fernandez and Sartor). The major articles are by (editor) A. Aparicio ("Mary's vocation to motherhood, Lk 1,26-38"); by the well-known Salvador Muiioz Iglesias (the virginal conception today); Rene Laurentin (in French) (the ); and GonzaloAranda Perez (the visitation).Among the "notes" are Sherwood's (English) ar­ ticle," 'Blest is the womb that bore you ... : (Lc, 11,22-28)," andAristide Serra's (Italian)" 'You will fmd an infant wrapped in swaddling clothes ... : (Lk 2, 12)." Number three (July­ Sept.) treats Mary in the Gospel of John and the Apocalypse. There are four capital articles, one "note," and sections on pa­ tristic texts and liturgy-the latter entitled "Mary, woman of sorrows and mother." Mercedes Navarro Puerto writes of the woman of Cana and Jose Luis Celestino Monge on the woman at the foot of the cross. Bernadette Escaffre Ladet (in French) raises the question: Does the gospel of]ohn refer to the virginal conception? Her answer is that unless the reference in the prologue be read in the singular, there is no other clear indica­ tion in John (although nothing opposed) on the virginal con­ ception. Francisco Contreras Molina reports on the woman of 12. Carmen Bernabe Ubieta contributes a "note" on the role of woman in the Johannine gospel. Volume 43 concludes with the October-December 1993 issue of Ephemerides Mariologicae. There is an extensive chronicle by D. Fernandez of the international Mariological and Marian congresses of Huelva, , September, 1992. Co­ director of the publication, Jose Cristo Rey Garda Paredes, offers an extensive and well-balanced article-length review of Stephen Benko's The Virgin Goddess: Studies in the Pagan and Christian Roots of Mariology (Brill, Koln and New York, 1993). One should not be put off by the title; Benko's is a seri­ ous study, not to be confused with tabloid comparative reli-

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gion. The reviewer has warm praise for the book. There are thirty-one Marian book reviews, plus still other theological ti­ tles. The lead review is by Aparicio, of Jean Paul Michaud's Maria de los Evangelios (Estella, Navarra, 1992), from the Canadian French. There is a review of the ninth volume of the German Mariologische Studien. Maria in der Evange­ lisierung (Pustet, Regensburg, 1993). The reviewer fmds the volume unduly pessimistic and, though I have recently re­ viewed it more positively (appearing in Carmelus, 1994), there is merit to his censure. Several titles on Fatima documentation are also reviewed. Volume 58 of Estudios Marianas was published in 1993 (Ed. de Espiritualidad,Madrid).The title and theme are "Mariol­ ogy from the to the present." The fore­ word, "Mary, Star of Evangelization," is signed by Felix Ochayta Piiieiro, president of the Spanish Mariological Society, and by Gaspar Calvo Moralejo, O.EM., the secretary. The 351-page book contains the papers from Huelva, Spain, September, 1992. At the end there is a useful list of all the back numbers, 1942 to the present, with full bibliographical information (contents, authors, titles, pages).This volume has twelve articles, enlisting, as ever, leading Spanish theologians. The ftrst article is by Manuel Garrido Bonafio, O.S.B., on the cult of the Virgin Mary in the documents of the Second Vati­ can Council, including preliminary drafts and opinions of the Fathers. Luis Diez Merino, C.P., considers the use of Scripture in the new votive Masses of our Lady: the principles behind the biblical selections and Mary as model of the Church in hearing God's word. Julian Lopez Martin spoke of the re­ newed liturgy since the Council. Returning to the new votive Masses, Juan Ordonez Marquez discussed their theological structure and pastoral promise, concluding with certain open questions. Veteran member of the Spanish society, lldefonso de Ia Inmaculada, O.C.D., presented a paper on Marian spiritu­ ality since the Council: the post-conciliar crisis and the re­ sponse to it, along with considerations of the role of theologians and . Tomas lturriaga, C.M.E, spoke of religious and devotion to Mary; Andres Molina Prieto's topic was Mary and the Eucharist, concluding with number

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44 from , "Mary leads the faithful to the Eucharist," with an interesting anticipatory quotation from a letter of Pius XI to Cardinal Cerretti for the 1928 Eucharistic congress in Sydney,. Teachers, especially in seminaries, will fmd of interest the presentation by Miguel Ponce Cuellar on the cult of Mary in the manuals and treatises since the Council. Faithful to the tra­ dition of his religious family, Rafael Casasnovas Cortes, S.D.B., presented the devotion to in its appeal to modern youth. German Rovira Tarazona enters the fray with his paper, "Devotion to Mary as an answer to false pseudo­ mariological interpretations." Dario Izquierdo Rubio and Maria Cuende Plaza collaborated on the paper "De lo empirico a lo especulativo: encuesta sobre el culto mariano hoy:' Whole number 143, the 1992 double-fascicle, is volume 54 of Marianum. The bulk of the 530-page issue is devoted to "Mary in St. Bernard and Cistercian Tradition," part of the acts of the international congress on St. Bernard, specifically the section organized by the Marianum,21-24 October 1991,con­ tinuing the 1990 celebration of the ninth centenary of Bernard's birth. I. Calabuig writes the introductory editorial and contributes also a study on "stella marls," from to Bernard. By way of introduction also, S. M. Daniell, O.S.M., pro­ vides a bibliography, 1950 to 1990, on Bernard's Marian thought. There are six essays under the heading "Mariological thought of St. Bernard," from Cardinal Javierre Ortas (Bernard and Mary, "mitezza e umilta") to E. Iablczynsky, O.C.R. (Mary in glory-theAssumption and mediation), including E Gastaldelli on St. Bernard and the -the historical and theological significance of the letter to the canons of Lyons. C. Cristina Cannelli offers a study, with black-and-white illustrations, on the glorification of the Virgin in twelfth­ century medieval culture; and I. Deug-Su takes up Bernard's Marian symbols. Five papers make up the section "Bernardine apocrypha and Cistercian tradition" (e.g., E Rita Alimonti on "mater misericor­ diae," and G.Viti and M. Falletti, two Cistercians, on devotion to Mary in the Cistercian Order).A third major section, with three papers, is on St. Bernard's subsequent influence (e.g.,

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M. De Nicolo [Rimini] with respect to the of the Church, from the Council to the present). In addition to the dominant St. Bernard material, there is an article by ]. Lopez Martin (Spanish) on devotion to Mary (lit., el culto mariana) and the renewed liturgy since the Council. There is a single "miscellanea" item by M. Masini, on the infancy gospels. There are flfty pages of book reviews, with titles and reviewers span­ ning many languages, including Polish.There is an extended no­ tice of the four volumes on the Infancy Gospels by S. Muiioz Iglesias (B.A.C., Madrid, 1986-1990). Our Walter Brennan as­ sesses Mary in the Church, edited by]. Hyland (Veritas, Dublin, 1989), from a congress held July, 1984, for the hundredth an­ niversary of the arrival in Ireland of the of the Schools (seventeen years after their foundation by Blessed Mar­ cellin Champagnat). G. Besutti reviews the flrst volume of the new series Manu­ menta ltalica Mariana, the study by E Petrillo on Ippolito Mar­ racci, seventeenth-century Mercedarian. In addition to his prodigious output, he is best remembered for his vigorous, not to say aggressively polemic, defense of the Immaculate Conception, which led at one stage to a bitter conflict with the Master of the Sacred Palace. He had published on behalf of the Immaculate Conception against the pontifical prohibi­ tions and was suspended a divinis and confmed to his own religious house (1655-71), a situation finally reversed under Clement IX. Besutti compliments author Petrillo, expressing the hope that the Marracci Bibliotheca Mariana, with its cor­ responding Appendix, might be reprinted. Two titles of ecu­ menical importance are reviewed: the flrst, by the German Lutheran Horst Gorski,Die Niedrigkeit seiner Magd (1987),is judged by Franz Courth as contributing importantly to dia­ logue; the other is a long report by the Servite Giancarlo M. Bruni on a joint volume from the federation of evangelical churches in Italy, Maria nostra sorella, produced in reaction to Redemptoris Mater, at a Waldensian-organized convention in , March 12-13,1988. Readers may recall (some decades back) The Virgin Mary (Philadelphia, Westminster Press, 1956) by Giovanni Miegge of Italy. The Waldensian objections remain basically the same now

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as then; see my article "A Waldensian View on the Virgin," in American Ecclesiastical Review 135 (December, 1956), 380-397. Still other interesting titles among the over thirty re­ views are recent fascicles of Dictionnaire de Spiritualite by L. Gambero, and such annuals as Estudios Marianas (vol. 55, meeting held in 1989, on the third Council ofToledo,A.D. 589) and Mariologische Studien. Maria und der Heilige Geist (vol.8, proceedings for 1989). The flrst 1993 fascicle of Marianum (vol.55, whole no.144) has just arrived. It carries an advertisement for the latest Besutti Bibliograjia Mariana, 1985-1989, with a foreword by D. Fer­ nandez, C.M.E (Ed. Marianum, Rome, 1993, no price given). There is a long obituary and partial bibliography for H. M. Koster, S.A.C., with the promise of an extended bibliography to come. The editorial by I. Calabuig covers several highlights of 1992: the anniversary of evangelization in the Americas ("more light than shadow," as the Holy Father put it in a letter ofJune 29, 1990);the Huelva congresses; the anniversary ofCa­ pua (A.D. 392); the fiftieth anniversary of the death of (1942);fifth centenary ofPiero della Francesca;third cen­ tenary of the "patronage of on the Servites" (1692); and a closing paragraph on the present health of Mariology. The lead article by Cesare M.Antonelli, O.S.M., is on the role of Gerard Philips in the eighth chapter of Lumen gentium, us­ ing archival material from . Corrado Maggioni, S.M.M., considers the phrase from the , "intemerata vir­ ginitas edidit Salvatorem," in the Christmas preface, with ap­ pendices on such terms in the Missal as virgo, virginitas, virgineus. Ioanna Zervou Tognazzii illustrates with black-and­ white plates the historical cycle of the life of the Theotokos in a church in Constantinople. The short article by Giovanni Lic­ cardo on women and madonnas in Naples' catacombs also has illustrations. Vincenzo Benassi writes of Fatima documenta­ tion.An English-language miscellanea entry by Mark Armitage is "A Marian theme in the Soteriology of St. Leo the Great." Is­ mael Bengoechea, O.C.D., has a short study on the historical precedent for the expression of Paul VI:"If we wish to be Chris­ tians, we must be Marian."

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Etudes Mariales: the fiftieth session of the French Mario­ logical Society was held at the ancient of Le Puy,August 31-September 2, 1993, on the theme "The Mother of theRe­ deemer, reflections on Redemptoris Mater" (Medias Paul, , or from the Secretariat of the Society,Pontmain, 1994).The 176- page volume reproduces on the cover an eighteenth-century drawing of Notre Dame du Puy. It is noted at the start of this book that the forty-ninth meeting of the Society took place at the Huelva international congress, September, 1992; this vol­ ume prints the salutation of the French group at Huelva, with a brief report on the congress by B. Billet. After the lengthy in­ troductory essay by Charles Molette, president of the French Society, with interesting background on the Shrine, there are seven papers. H. Cazelles spoke on the biblical faith of Mary. Theodore Koehler showed the place of Mary's spiritual moth­ erhood in the thought of John Paul II, a theme studied also by B. Billet. The veteran Swiss Reformed pastor Henry Chavannes reported on Protestant reaction to the use of Scripture in Re­ demptoris Mater. Bernadette Lescoffit-Lorenzo, psychologist and psychoanalyst, contributed the paper "Psychoanalysis and theology with respect to Drewermann and Redemptoris Mater." The German theologian-psychologist Eugen Drewer­ mann has been the object of much Church criticism, as from Degenhardt, his bishop.Jean Stern, the La Salette archivist, did the paper "Mary, the prayer of petition, and the mission of Je­ sus of Nazareth," enriched by insights from his own Jewish background. He writes of Mary's prayer in three stages: the , Cana, and the Cenacle, and as both praise and peti­ tion. Pierre Masson, O.P., French-Canadian, well-known figure at the international Mariological/Marian congresses where he has many times served as secretary for the ecumenical round­ tables, and who has been working in recent years in Taiwan, gave the paper "The Virgin Mary in the perception of the uni­ verse in the East and in the West." President Molette's introductory essay has three parts: (a) history of Notre Dame du Puy; (b) overview of this meeting of the French Society; (c) under the heading "Mary, Mother of the Redeemer, even to the ascent (jusqu' a la montee) of the Gol­ gotha of the contemporary world;' an account of the devotion

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to Mary of victims of Nazi persecution (by their decree of De­ cember 3, 1943), among young Catholics sent to forced labor in (1943-1945). Fr. Molette wrote also of these "mar­ tyrs" in the Besutti Festschrift Virgo Liber Verbi (Rome, 1991). T. Koehler's article began with the Marian teaching of the current pope in his three encyclicals on the persons of the Holy Trinity: Redemptoris hominis (March 4, 1979), Dives in misericordia (November 30, 1980), and Dominum et vivifi­ cantem (May 18, 1986). He considered Redemptoris Mater in the second section of his article. In her article, B. Lorenzo de­ fends the legitimacy of using the findings of psychology and the study of myths, but fmds E. Drewermann's "regression dans l'imaginaire" and his explanation of gospel events in terms of dreams (from the nativity onwards) unwarranted and made at the expense of the incarnation, in over-dependence on Jung. The fifth volume ("Orante to Scherer") of Marienlexikon has appeared, edited by R. Baeumer and L. Scheffczyk (EOS Ver­ lag, Erzabtei St. Ottilien, 1993).The flrst article, "Orante (Maria orans)," is by G. M. Lechner, and the flnal entry is on a Jesuit preacher of Linz, Georg Scherer (d.1605). Here is a short sam­ pling from the more than 750 articles: Poulenc (mentioned also in the Rocamadour entry, the shrine where the French Mario­ logical Society will meet in September, 1994); both Rahners, Hugo and Karl; Reformation and reformed theology; Richard of St. Lawrence (by ]. Roten); Rome; Russland; series of named Paul and, similarly, Pius; on preaching; priesthood and women; Protestantism; a long list of pseudo's-Albert to Mod­ estus.There are fairly few Marian listings under the letter Q; one is Edel Quinn and there is a row ofWest Syrian titles. The January-June 1993 Miles /mmaculatae (Conventual Franciscans; anno 29, fasc.1) has its regular blend of docu­ ments, articles and reviews. The papal addresses concern St. (April 25, 1993), Duns Scotus (March 20, 1993), Mary, Queen of Mrica (given in English at Kampala, , February 7, 1993), and further topics. There is a letter in English from the four ministers general of the Franciscan families, rejoicing in the recent liturgical recognition of Scotus as Blessed. An address by Sister Eva Durlak, translated from Pol­ ish into Italian, discusses the role of Mary in the theological an-

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thropology of Karl Rahner. E. Piacentini writes of the first prin­ ciple of Mariology, appealing to St. Maximilian and the Immac­ ulate Conception. Arnaldo Pedrini considers Teresa Bacq (Mother Therese of Jesus, 1825-1896), Paris-born foundress, and her devotion to the Immaculate Conception. She was as­ sociated with Cardinal Lavigerie in Algiers.

2. Magisterial documents The Holy Father makes very many references to our Lady, al­ most without exception, in his speeches and letters, especially at the Marian shrines along his apostolic journeys. Here are three recent examples; the first two are from a recent issue of The Pope Speaks (May-June, 1994). For the eighth interna­ tional conference on children, sponsored by the pontifical council for pastoral assistance to health care workers, Novem­ ber 20, 1993, the pope concluded (Saluto con):"Children have a right to be loved. May the Blessed Virgin, who had the joy of bringing forth and holding in her arms the Son of God made a 'child; of seeing him grow in wisdom, age and grace before God and man (cf. Lk 2:52), help each one to endow his per­ sonal efforts on behalf of little children with active goodness, an attractive example and self-giving love." The themes of the papal address to the of , Nevada and Hawaii on their ad limina visit (December 4, 1993) were that liturgi­ cal translations should be free of ambiguity, a recommendation of the new catechism, and other matters. The conclusion was:

Precisely at this stage of the Church's pilgrimage, the Holy Spirit has anointed us as high to bring the Good News to the poor and heal the broken-hearted, to proclaim release to the troubled and oppressed ( cf. Lk 4:18-19). Sound teaching, fervent celebration of the sacraments and vigorous pastoral activity are the "treasures" we have to offer to a waiting world. With ardent hope and confidence, I ask that same Holy Spirit to pour out the fullness of his gifts upon the Church in the United States. En­ trusting all her members to the intercession of Mary Immaculate, pa­ troness of your country, I gladly impart my apostolic blessing.

The major papal document of the year past was Veritatis splendor 24 (August 6, 1993), "regarding certain fundamental

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questions of the Church's moral teaching." It ends with this hymn to Mary: "0 Mary, Mother of Mercy, watch over all peo­ ple, that the Cross of Christ may not be emptied of its power, that man may not stray from the path of the good or become blind to sin, but put his hope ever more fully in God who is 'rich in mercy' (Eph. 2:4). May he carry out the good works pre­ pared by God beforehand ( cf. Eph. 2: 10) and so live completely 'for the praise of his glory' (Eph. 1: 12)."

3. Scripture and tradition There is much Marian material in the massive (two) volumes of Raymond E. Brown's The Death of the Messiah, also in the expanded edition of The Birth of the Messiah (both by Paulist Press, Mahwah, NJ, 1994). The former title considers (in vol. two) "the Mother of Jesus and the beloved " (pp. 1019-1026). The second title has a lengthy appendix (pp. 571-732), updating the original edition from 1976 through 1992 by a "dialogue with the literature written in that period" (e.g.,Appendix IV on the virginal conception). Under "tradition," I place also the book by the Irish Re­ demptorist Frederick M. Jones, Alphonsus de Liguori: The of Bourbon Naples, 1696-1787 (Christian Classics, Westminster, MD, 1993). The chapter "The theological wars, 1749-1762" discusses the famous (pp. 269-274). Mary of Galilee, first volume of a projected trilogy Mary in the , was published in 1994, by Bertrand A. Buby, S.M. (Alba House, Staten Island, NY).Volume two is to be Mary in the Hebrew Scriptures; volume three, Mary in the Apocrypha and the Sub-apostolic Writer.

4. Doctrine, general and specific Johann G. Roten, S.M., presented "Hans Urs von Balthasar's Anthropology in Light of His Marian Teaching" in Communio 20 (Summer, 1993), 306-333.The same number of Communio has "Mary in the Church"byAdrienne von Speyr (pp. 451-456), reprinted from her book Handmaid of the Lord (Ignatius Press, San Francisco, 1985). Walter T. Brennan, O.S.M., wrote "The Role of Mary in the New Creation" for The Living Light (Winter, 1993). Fr. Brennan

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publishes a single-page occasional Marian Update, available from the Marian Center in Chicago (3121 W. Jackson Blvd., 1 Chicago, IL 60612; $2.00 a year). Two recent issues are no. 40 (May, 1994):"Mary and the NewTemple" and no. 41 (Summer, 1994):"Mary and Christian Praxis."Two Marian Center Papers by Fr. Brennan have also been published (from the same ad­ dress; $2.00 each): "Mary-the Mirror of Our Expectations. no.37:The Call for Inculturation in Marian De­ votion" (paper given at Huelva, Spain, September 18, 1992), and "TakingMarialis cultus no.37 Seriously:The Reform of in the American Church Today" (paper given to the New England section of the Mariological Society, Providence, Rl, October 24, 1992). The Marian Library issues the Marian Library Newsletter twice yearly (The Marian Library, University of Dayton, Day­ ton, OH 45469-1390; $2.00 a year). Number 27 (new series; Winter, 1993-94) chronicles the visit of Cardinal Silvestrini and his homily, "The Blessed Virgin Mary, ," for the ftftieth anniversary of the library. Number 28 (n.s.; Spring-Summer, 1994) reports on the honorary doctorate be­ stowed on John Macquarrie and includes his homily, "The An­ nunciation."These newsletters also contain library news, book reviews, and so forth. GeorgeT.Montague,S.M.,has the new title The Woman and the Way:A Marian Path to jesus (Servant Publications, Ann Ar­ bor, MI, 1994): of particular interest to or about charismatics, by a prominent scripture scholar and leader in that movement. Another movement, known as the Apostolate Alliance of the Two Hearts, bringing together religious institutes with a spe­ cial dedication to the and the Immaculate Heart, has just published a brochure with the same title, subtitled A journey, a Destiny, an Urgency (National Coordinating Cen­ ter, 570 Main Street, Rear, Hyannis, MA 02601).A theologian as­ sociated with the project describes it in a three-part article, "The Alliance of the Hearts of Jesus and Mary," in Queen ofAll Hearts 44 (March-April, 1994), 5-8; 45 (May-June, 1994), 28-30; 45 Ouly-Aug., 1994), 28-29,45. Announced for fall, 1994, is jesus Living in Mary: Hand­ book of the Spirituality ofSt. Louis Marie de Montfort (Mont­ fort Publications, 26 So. Saxon Ave., Bay Shore, NY 11706-

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8993), with over 1200 pages and over 100 photographs. The new book is a companion to GodAlone:The Collected Writings of St. Louis Mary de Montfort (Montfort Publications, Bay Shore, NY, 1987).The Holy Father writes of St. Louis' influence on him in his book Crossing the Threshold ofHope (1994). Father Frederick M .Jelly, O.P., received the patronal medal at the Basilica of the National Shrine of the Immaculate Concep­ tion, December 5, 1993; an extract from his homily on that oc­ casion was published in Queen of All Hearts 45 Ouly-Aug., 1994), 30-31. Paul Duggan's article, "The Liturgy and the As­ sumption," appeared in The 49 (August, 1993), 16-18. His "The Ecumenical Climate: Part One," was in Queen .. .45 (Sept.-Oct., 1994), 24-27. The article by Sister Mary Elise Krantz, S.N.D., "Woman, God's Instrument in the Salvation of the World," was included in Real Women: Advice, Commentary and Encouragementfor Today's Woman, edited by Sister Con­ cetta Belleggia (Ignatius Pr., San Francisco, 1994, pp. 185-189). It is a commentary on Pope John Paul's letter at the close of the Marian Year. The 1994 Catholic Almanac (Our Sunday Visitor Press, Huntington, IN) has the articles "The Mother of Jesus in Catholic Understanding," "Apparitions of the B.V.M.," "Criteria of Apparitions," and "Events of " (pp. 260-265). Two titles by Cardinal Suenens (now ninety) are to be noted: Memories and Hopes and The Hidden Hand of God: The Life ofVeronica O'Brien and Our CommonApostolate (both from Veritas of Dublin and England, 1992/93); both have much on the Belgian Cardinal's involvement with the and the charismatic movement, also on the Fiat which he invented, a shorter form of the traditional one.

5. Liturgy, devotion and devotions Johann Roten, S.M., authored Deep Memories: A Marianist Icon (The Marian Library, Dayton, OH, 1994), on the Marianist devotion of the Three O'clock Prayer. Venerable Mother Mary Potter (d.1913) wrote Devotion for the Dying: Mary's Call to Her Loving Children (Tan Publishers, Rockford, IL, 1991), with a long publisher's preface by Thomas A. Nelson on the foundress of the Little sisterhood. Mark G.

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Boyer produced Mary's Day-Saturday: Meditations for Mar­ ian Celebrations (Liturgical Press, Collegeville, MN, 1993), treating votive Masses as well. Liturgy 90, volume 25 (August-Sept., 1994),features theAs­ sumption on front and back covers. The front, in striking cal­ ligraphy, has lines from psalm 44/45, used from early times for offices of virgins and the Church and, currently still, for our Lady: "On your right the queen wearing gold: this is why God, your God, has anointed you with oil of gladness. Myrrh and aloes waft from your robe. Royal women honor you." The back cover is a "bulletin insert":"Celebrating the human body" (text by Mary Ellen Hynes, drawing by Steve Erspamer, S.M.). Familiar devotions and titles are receiving continuing atten­ tion. On the rosary are found: M. Basil Pennington, O.C.S.O., The Fifteen Mysteries in Image and Word, illustrated by William Hart McNichols, S.J. (Our Sunday Visitor Press, Hunt­ ington, IN, 1993), and Roland Well, The Royal Mysteries of the Rosary (Servant Books, 1993), subtitled: "Scriptural Medita­ tions on the Life of Jesus from Jordan to Jerusalem." Also, William E Maestri, My Rosary journal, illustrations by Marilyn Carter Rougelot (Alba House, 1993), and Joanna Hastings, The Rosary, with illustrations by Mary Rose Gimpl (Liturgical Press, 1993), subtitled "Prayer for All Seasons" (both women are Dominican Sisters). The Holy Father's book Cross(ng the Threshold ofHope, so filled with his love of our Lady, mentions "the tradition of the Carmelite , rich in meaning and symbolism, which I knew from my youth .. :' (p. 214). Eamon R. Carroll, O.Carm., contributed the article "Who Is Our Lady of Mt. Carmel" to the magazine Soul (45 Uuly-Aug., 1994], 16). Carroll's article, "Therese and the Mother of God," has been reprinted from Carmelite Studies V, Experiencing St. Therese Today, edited by John Sullivan, O.C.D. (I.C.S. Publications, Washington, DC, 1990); the pamphlet reprint is from the AMI Press (WorldApos­ tolate of Fatima, Washington, NJ, 1994), as volume 17 in their Queen ofApostles series. Stanford and Leonie Caldecott edited and contributed to the section "Second Spring," under the title "Fiat voluntas tua," in The Catholic World Report 4 (March, 1994), 30-36, with

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quotations from C. Houselander, N. O'Donoghue, and John Saward, to show that "Mary is the model of maternal love." In Soul44 (Uuly-Aug., 1993], 14, 35), E M.Jelly, O.P., had the arti­ cle "The Church's Process for Approving Apparitions and Pri­ vate ."

6. Ecumenism The Ecumenical Society of the Blessed Virgin Mary (ESBVM) sponsored its tenth international conference in July, 1994, at Norwich, East Anglia. Recent issues of their thrice-yearly newsletter carried reports of the conference, on the theme "Mary and Ecclesiology." The ESBVM Newsletter, new series no.56 (May, 1994), reported on various branches throughout England, also Rome and Washington, along with book reviews and other news. New series no.57 (Sept., 1994) had accounts of local branches, along with the Norwich report. Members (including all who belong to the American ESBVM) receive, along with the newsletter from England, occasional talks given under Society auspices, for example, recently, Marian Ecu­ menism: Past, Present, Future (published May, 1994): papers by Joseph P. Farrelly (Catholic) and Carter (Methodist); Mother of Christ-Bride of Christ (given to Oxford branch, June, 1993), by Graham Leonard, former Anglican Bishop of London (ordained a Roman Catholic priest, spring, 1994); and, published in September, 1994,Mary, Model of the Church, by Roger Nesbitt (given to London branch, February 22, 1994). The American ESBVM has two branches: one in the Wash­ ington, D.C. area and the other in San Antonio, Texas. The Soci­ ety meets spring and fall in the Washington region; members receive advance notices and, on request (for token postage), copies of the papers that are read. The May, 1994, meeting had Reginald H. Fuller, "The Quest for the Historical Mary," and John Orens, "Dancing the Magnificat." In October, 1994, the presen­ tations were by Peter Hocken, "Marian Paradoxes in Roman Catholic and Evangelical Piety," and Eamon R. Carroll, O.Carm., "Marking Thirty: Theology, Mary, Christian Unity," for the an­ niversary of Vatican II's Unitatis redintegratio. Full informa­ tion on the Society and its publications is available from the

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Membership Secretary (ESBVM, 222 Eighth Street NE, Wash­ ington, DC 20002). Columba Press of Dublin published a volume of essays (1993) in honor of Hurley, S.J., founder of the Irish School of Ecumenics, edited by Oliver Rafferty, S.].: Reconcili­ ation. In his article "Mary and Ecumenism: Paths Ahead," Christopher O'Donnell, O.Carm., suggests spirituality as the area that may solve the ecumenical impasse. liturgy and devo­ tion must be carefully considered and experienced; we need a deepened consideration of the Communion of Saints. The es­ says by G. Wainwright and E.Yarnold touch on similar themes. Yarnold put it thus: "If reunion is to be achieved, it will come only at the end of a courtship during which the two Churches have grown together in faith, life, worship and mission."

7. Miscellany Canon Harold Root was for many years the representative of the Church of England in Rome. At the Kevelaer international Mariological Congress, September, 1987, he gave the address "SomeAnglicanAttitudes to Mariological Developments from '' to ': " printed in the first volume of the congress proceedings (International Pon­ tifical MarianAcademy,Rome, 1991), 137-147. He commented on the sixth article of the famous Thirty-nine Articles of 1571, holding that whatever Anglican problems there are in the def­ initions of the Immaculate Conception and the Assumption, they cannot arise from article VI correctly understood.Without passing over the difficulties, he said: "If I may venture , I feel convinced that Anglicans may well develop a genuine 'feeling for: as well as sympathy towards, the defini­ tions of 1854 and 1950, if they are patiently and lovingly al­ lowed to do so in their own way." With Ambrogio Albano, S.M., as general editor, the North American Center for Marianist Studies (Dayton, OH, 1994) has produced the massive volume Commentary on the Rule of Life ofthe Society ofMary. The chapter"Mary"is by Luigi Gam­ bero; the late William Cole contributed "Consecration to Mary," and the index has many other Marian entries.

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Further Selection of Recent Writings

Titles are included that came to notice as late as early De­ cember, 1994, when this Survey was going to press. The arrangement is as customary: A. Magisterium; B. Scripture and tradition; C. Doctrine; D. Liturgy and devotion; E. Ecumenism; E Miscellany and last-minute entries.

A. Magisterium 1. Pope John Paul II, "Preparing for the Great Jubilee of the Year 2000," to the cardinals at an extraordinary consistory, June 13, 1994, in The Pope Speaks 39 (Nov.-Dec., 1994), 376: on the Blessed Virgin "who goes before the pilgrim people of God through history," , Our Lady of , . 2. The Tablet of London, October 22, 1994, ran a series of comments on the Holy Father's book Crossing the Threshold of Hope, under the title "An audience with the Pope. Personal words of hope on the eve of the mil­ lennium" (pp. 1348-1351); among references to our Lady: "The Mother of God. Women;' by Janet Martin Sos­ kice (p. 1351). 3. According to a notice from the United States Catholic Conference (Washington, DC, 1994), the new two­ volume Norms for Priestly Formation considers also the role of Mary. B. Scripture and tradition 1. Advertised as "based on the Gospels": Paul Molinari, S.J., and Anne Hennessy, C.S.J., The Vocation and Mission ofjoseph and Mary (Veritas of Dublin, Ignatius Press of San Francisco, 1993). 2. "Sr. Juana's Celebration of Mary" is one of the papers in Ethnicity, Nationality and Religious Experience, ed. Peter C. Phan ( Society annual, vol. 37, 1994): as advertised. C. Doctrine 1. Jacques Bur, How to Understand the Virgin Mary (S.C.M. Press, London, 1993): from the French.

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2. Sister Carol Frances Jegen, B.V.M., "Mary and the Church of the Future," in All Generations Shall Call Me Blessed, ed. Francis A. Eigo, O.S.A. (Villanova University Theology Institute, vol.26, 1994), 175-202. D. liturgy and devotion. 1. Romanos V. Russo, "A Hymn to Stand For," Catholic Near East 20 (May-June, 1994) 17-19;by the same author (a priest of the Melkite-Greek ), "A Mother of Consolation;' in the September-October 1994 issue. 2. Robert L. Kinast, Mirror Meditations (Liturgical Press, Collegeville, MN, 1992), subtitled "Praying with the Im­ ages of Vatican II," as advertised: "concluding with Mary as a model of individual discipleship." 3. George Montague, S.M., Still Riding the Wind: Learning the Ways of the Spirit (Resurrection Press, 1994), as ad­ vertised: revised and expanded from the title of twenty years ago. 4. Colleen McDannell, " and American Catholicism, 1870-1896;' as advertised: Working Paper Series 24, no.3, Fall, 1992, from Cushwa Center for the Study of American Catholicism, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN. E. Ecumenism 1. Frederick W. Norris, The Apostolic Faith: Protestants and Roman Catholics (liturgical Press, Collegeville, MN, 1992): good material on the Blessed Virgin. 2. Sharon E. Cheston, ed. ,Mary the Mother ofAll: Protestant Perspectives and Experiences of Medjugorje (Loyola University Press, Chicago, 1994), as advertised: Lutheran, Presbyterian, Congregationalist, Unitarian, Baptist, Angli­ can views. E Miscellany and last-minute entries 1. John Paul II, and Devotions (Viking, England, 1994): as praised by Frank Longford in the Christmas number of The Tablet (London) 24/31 December, 1994, p.1662. 2. Romano Guardini, The Rosary of Our Lady, trans. H. von Schuecking (Sophia Institute Press edition, Manchester, NH, 1994).

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3. Jean Leclercq, O.S.B., Women and Saint , trans. Marie-Bernard Said, O.S.B. (Cistercian Publications, Kalamazoo, MI, 1989); no. 104 of the Cis­ tercian Studies Series: much on Mary by this gifted medievalist. 4. EamonR.Carroll,O.Carm.,"TheVirginMaryandFeminist Writers;' Carmelus 41 (1994/1), 49-62: revised version of paper from a plenary session of the eleventh inter­ national Mariological Congress, Huelva, Spain, Septem­ ber 23, 1992. 5. E. R. Carroll, in the same issue of Carmelus,pp. 220-224, four reviews in the field of Mariology: Mariologische Studien, volumes 8 and 9 (resp.,Maria in der Evange­ lisierung ... and Maria und der Heilige Geist ...), La Mariologia nell'organizzazione delle discipline teologiche ... and Vir.go Liber Verbi. 6. Sister Mary Timothy Prokes, Mutuality: The Human Image of Trinitarian Love (Paulist Press, Mahwah, NJ, 1993), 86-90: the same ideas she developed at the Josephinum,January, 1982, under Robert Brungs, S.J., on the theme "the nuptial meaning of body in light of Mary's Assumption." See Marian Studies 34 (1983), 66-84; 35 (1984), 171-72; and 36 (1985), 114: all on the una caro relation between Jesus and Mary. Further, in Robert A. Brungs, S.J., You See Lights Breaking Upon Us: Doctrinal Perspectives on Biological Advance (St. Louis, MO, 1989), chapter 7 is "The Second Eve"; consult index un­ der "Mary" and note also the author's words: "I dedicate this book to His Lady and mine." 7. Salvatore M. Perrella, O.S.M., I 'vota' e i 'consilia' dei vescovi Italiani sulla Mariologia e sulla corredenzione nella fase antipreparatoria del Concilio Vaticano II (Ed. Marianum, Rome, 1994): in Scripta pontificiae facul­ tatis theologicae "Marianum," no. 47, nova series 19. 8. Cornelius J. Burns, "Mary Star of the Sea-Where did that title come from?" in Queen ofAll Hearts 45 (Nov.-Dec., 1994), 13. Same number has articles on ecumenism, the Apostolate Alliance of the 1\vo Hearts, etc. (26 So. Saxon Ave., Bay Shore, NY 11706-8993).

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9. Ann W. Astell, ed., Divine Representations: Post­ Modernism and Spirituality (Paulist Pr., Mahwah, NJ, 1994): described as "toward a lay spirituality for the post-modern era" (from the Schoenstatt Center, Wauke­ sha, WI, October, 1992; under the inspiration of [1885-1968]): much on Mary (e.g., Johann Roten, S.M., "The Marian Counterpart of Postmodern Spirituality," pp. 102-128).

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