Bijdragen tot de Dierkunde, 59 (4) 239-241 (1989)

SPB Academie Publishing bv, The Hague

Lovenula (Neolovenula) alluaudi (Guerne and Richard, 1890) in the Canary

Islands (Copepoda: Calanoida: Paradiaptominae).

Stygofauna of the , 19

Thomas E. Bowman

Department of Invertebrate Zoology, NHB-163, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC 20560, U.S.A.

Keywords: Copepoda, Calanoida, Lovenula, Canary Islands, stygofauna

Abstract by Jan H. Stock and Brigitte L.M. Rondé-Broek-

huizen, of the Institute of Taxonomie Zoology,

Details of the collection Lovenula (Neolovenula) alluaudi is widespread on , University of Amsterdam.

22 the 105 it where it occurred at of stations. On methods and station locations are given by Stock & was found atonly 2 ofthe 53 stations, both in the extreme north- Rondé-Broekhuizen (1986). The calanoidcopepods west part of the island. It was also found in a reservoir on the from these samples were sent to me by Prof. Stock south side of the small island ofAlegranza. Samples collected at for study. One sample from Lanzarote (Sta. 85-88) several hundred stations in the other Canary Islands failed to

eastern is- has been in the Smithsonian Institution yield a single calanoid, supportingthe belief that the deposited lands are fragments of the African continent that drifted to (USNM 242456); the remainder has been returned

deeper waters. to Amsterdam. Males outnumbered females in about 2/3 of the samples,

often heavily.

Results

Résumé

A single species of calanoid was collected, Lovenu-

la (Neolovenula) alluaudi (Guerne & Richard, Lovenula (Neolovenula)alluaudi1 est largement répandue à Lan-

It was most common on Lanzarote, where it zarote, étant trouvée à 22 des 105 stations échantillonnées. A 1890).

Fuerteventura, l’espècea été trouvée dans seulement 2 des 53 sta- was taken at 22 of the 105 stations occupied. The tions, les deux à l’extrémité nord-ouest de l’île. Elle a été cap- positive stations were widely scattered over most of turée aussi dans un réservoir d’eau à la partie méridionale de la the island (fig. 1). All were wells or cisterns, 18 of petite île Alegranza. Aucun Calanoïde n’a été trouvé dans des them covered. Depths to the water surface in the centaines de stations échantillonnées dans les autres îles des Ca-

wells 0.2 to 11 and water in fait les îles orientales des ranged from m, depths naries, ce qui penser que sont frag- the from 0.25 Water ments du continent africain déplacés vers des eaux plus wells ranged to 4.75 m. tem- profondes. Dans environ 2/3 des échantillons, les mâles dépas- peratures ranged from 16.1°C to 27.9°C, and mea- sent en nombre - souvent très nettement - les femelles. surements ofconductivity were from 0.252 to 17.16

mS/cm.

Introduction On FuerteventuraL. (N.) alluaudi was found at

only 2 of the 53 stations, both in Tostón, on the

northwest station In May 1985, as part of a planned survey of the coast of the island. One was the

faunaof the cistern of with a of r/ the other groundwater Canary Islands, samples Faro, salinity 00 ; were taken of the groundwater on 3 of the eastern was an open well near the seawater distillation

and The salinity in the well water was 327 . I islands, Graciosa, Lanzarote, Fuerteventura, plant. 0O

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Fig. 1. Lanzarote and Graciosa showing locations of ground- water samples collected in 1985. Open circles, samples contain- Fig. 2. Fuerteventura, showing locations of groundwatersam-

Lovenula alluaudi. Solid other sam- ing (Neolovenula) circles, ples collected in 1985. Open circles, samples containingLovenu- ples. Star, type locality of L. (N.) alluaudi la (Neolovenula) alluaudi. Solid circles, other samples.

questioned this because this was a surprisingly high

salinity for a diaptomid copepod, but Prof. Stock the Ennedi Mountainsof northeast Chad (Dussart,

assurred that it correct. its known distribution is me was 1968). A map showing

On the small island of Alegranza, which lies given by Kiefer (1958a). The type-locality on Lan- about 15 km north of Lanzarote, L. (N.) alluaudi zarote, shown in Fig. 1, is a freshwater reservoir in was collected in January 1986 from a man-made (Guerne & Richard, 1890). reservoir with a rain catchment, maximum depth 2 Subsequent to the 1955 survey, in 1986/87 hun- m, on the south side of the island. The conductivity dreds of groundwater samples were collected in was 2.38 mS/cm. most of the other Canary Islands, but not a single

calanoid was found in them. Evidently L. (N.) allu-

audi occurs only on the eastern group of islands

is- Discussion ("Purpuraría") and is not found on the western

lands ("Macaronesia"). This distributionsupports

The distribution of L. (N.) alluaudi is summarized the proposition, discussed by Stock & Broekhuizen by Dussart (1967) as "relatively rare and circum- (1986), that the eastern islands are fragments of the

Mediterranean, it has been observed in the Canary African continental plate, whereas the western is-

Islands, Morocco, Egypt, Syria, in the Balkans, in lands arose de novo from the oceanic crust by vol-

Romania, in southern Hungary, in (up to the canic activity. Lovenula must have inhabited the

Ebro River), and in Portugal" (my translation). It East Canaries block before its detachment. Separa- also has been foundin the central Saharaof Algeria, tion may have occurred during the initialrifting be- near the Tropic of Cancer (Kiefer, 1958a,b) and in tween North America and Africa in the mid-Trias-

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Table I. Sex ratios of Lovenula alluaudi in the 45.57 This of males is (Neolovenula) 00 . preponderance surprising

Islands Canary because in most populations of calanoids the num-

bers of females equal or surpass, sometimes great- Lanzarote ly, the numbers of males. A possible explanation is Station N %cr

that in the groundwaters sampled via the wells that

85-66 100 1 reached them, males do not predominate, but in

85-68 4 75 search of mates they swim more actively than the 85-69 2 50 females and thereby enter the wells in greater num- 85-70 3 0

bers. 85-71 5 6(1

85-74 1 100

85-88 392 82

119 85 Acknowledgments 85-89 137 85

85-90 41 90

I am grateful Prof. Jan H. Stock for offering this interesting 85-91 11 100 to

In- collection to me for study, and for allowing the Smithsonian 85-92 9 78

stitution retain a for its collections. 85-93 15 SO to sample permanent

85-94 4 75

85-140 2 50

85-143 14 36 References

85-144 10 50

85-145 6 67

R.S. & W.P. 1970. East Islands as a 85-146 83 43 Dietz, Sproll, Canary

microcontinent within the Africa-North America continental 85-147 46 48

drift fit. 226: 1043-1045. 85-149 17 59 Nature,

1967. Les des eaux continentales 85-150 11 27 Dussart, B., Copépodes

d'Europe occidentale. Tome I: Calanoïdes et Harpacticoïdes:

Fuerteventura 1-500 (N. Boubée & Cie, Paris).

85-267 6 100 Dussart, B., 1968. Contribution à l'étude des eaux douces de

85-268 13 so l'Ennedi,I. Copépodes. Bull. I. F. A. N., (A) 30(1): 127-134.

J. de & J. 1890. du al- Alegranza Guerne, Richard, Description Diaptomus

luaudi recueilli M. Alluaud dans réservoir d'eau 85-583 SI) 31 n. sp. par un

douce à Lanzarotte (Canaries). Bull. Soc. zool. France, 15:

198-200.

1958a. Kiefer, F., Diaptomiden(Crustacea Copepoda) aus dem sic, or more probably in the early Cenozoic (Dietz Inst. Rech. Gebiet von Tassili n'Ajjer(Zentral-Sahara).Trav. & Sproll, 1970). Sahariennes (Série de Tassili, 3): 11-126. An unexpected finding was the high proportion Kiefer, F., 1958b. Über einige Diaptomiden(Crustacea Copepo- of males in the summarized in Table I. samples, da) aus der Zentralsahara. Zool. Anz., 160(7/8): 158-160.

& B.L.M. Males outnumberedfemales in 14 samples, females Stock, J.H. Rondé-Broekhuizen. 1986. Stygofauna of

the A of in Canary Islands, 1. new species Pygocrangonyx, an were more numerous 5. In large samples (N> with African from amphipod genus affinities, Fuerteventura. 40), males made up an average of 85.5% in the Bijdr. Dierk., 56(2): 247-266. 4 samples in which they predominated. In the 2 samples with more females, the males averaged Received: 24 October 1989

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