Leica Geosystems TruStories Monitoring Leica Geosystems TruStory Monitoring Along the Construction Site of the Warsaw Metro Line 2

Customer AGP Metro Polska S.C. (Astaldi - Güllermak-Przedsiębiorstwo Budowy Dróg i Mostów Sp. z o.o.) Metro Warszawskie Sp. z o.o.

Objective 3D deformation monitoring of an urban area along the construction site of the Warsaw Metro Line 2

Challenge Providing geodetic real-time monito- ing along the construction site of the Warsaw Metro with limited access

Date June 2011 – ongoing

Location Warsaw, Poland

The Warsaw Metro (Metro war- Centralna) with the National szawskie) is a rapid transit system Stadium for the Euro 2012 serving the city of Warsaw, the championships. Then, at the capital of Poland. Currently it second junction (Stadium station) consists of a single north-south the line divides in two parts,one line (Line 1) that links central running toward the North-East Warsaw with its northern and (Bródno) and the other toward Project Summary southern suburbs. The first section the South-East city region (Gocław). Instruments was opened in 1995 and then The completion and operation of Leica TM30 Monitoring sensor gradually extended until it reached Line 2 is planned for 2015. Leica GMP104 monitoring prisms its full planned length in October Leica GPR112 prisms 2008. The construction for building This tunnel project belongs to one Meteo sensors Software the initial section of the second, of the most interesting underground Leica GeoMoS Monitor + Analyzer east-west line (Line 2) started building challenges in Europe, due Leica GeoMoS Adjustment in August 2010, with completion to the fact that the construction is Leica GFU24 messaging modem planned for late 2013. This section carried out below the densely built Communication will be 6.1 km long (including a area of Warsaw’s city center, the Moxa NPort tunnel under the Vistula River) Vistula River and the Metro Line 1. and has 7 stations, one of these Benefits a transfer station shared with To complete such a giant project, - Stability control on the Line 1. The transfer station there is a need to simultaneously construction site Swiętokrzyska’ also connects the lead construction works in a few - 3D deformation control of over- center of the city via its Central places. According to the planning, laying buildings and infrastructure Railway Station (Warszawa three tunnel boring machines (TBMs) All Leica TM30s are controlled via GPRS modems Moxa NPort from the main operation centre with the Leica GeoMoS software. In such a large-area survey, there is undoubtedly atmospheric refraction which impacts on distances and vertical angles, so there is a need to control the refraction coefficient and to apply proper corrections in calculating the final deformations. For that reason three meteo sensors are located in the monitoring area, measuring in real-time the current atmospheric parameters, tempera- ture and pressure. These measured values are automatically applied to the raw measurements with the Leica GeoMoS software.

Collecting and Analyzing Monitoring Data The monitoring data is mainly are going to start in parallel with being implemented by IMG, an Italian presented in GeoMoS Analyzer the drilling of the new metro tunnel company with experience in defor- and in addition, IMG has the in April 2012. In addition, some mation monitoring installations (the access to use GeoMoS Adjustment metro stations will be built with dig- Metro line C in Rome, Italy). IMG for network adjustment and and-cast method. works as a subcontractor for the deformation analysis. consortium AGP Metro Poland. Above the designed metro there are Beside the automatic deformation many buildings, streets, historical Monitoring System Setup monitoring system, there are classical places and public institutions. In the central Warsaw underground surveys performed for example, Therefore, beside the main tunnel section, more than 10 high accuracy precise leveling and additional total work there are many other tasks total stations Leica TM30 are mounted. station survey. related to such a tunnel construction, They are mounted on tunnel walls for example, securing overlaying AND on buildings inside especially The complexity of the project buildings and infrastructure with designed glass-aluminum housings combines the fields of geodesy 3D deformation monitoring and boxes situated either on buildings’ and geology. Therefore, geotechnical controlling the possible impact of roofs or inside buildings. They sensors and data are part of the the newly built tunnel on the measure 3D deformations to over project. Supplementing the geodetic existing north-south metro line 1. 100 reference prisms Leica GPR112 and geotechnical measurements and thousands of deformation con- with each other helps to understand The required and absolutely necessary trol points situated on surrounding the reasons for any detected move- deformation monitoring system is buildings. ment and to improve the intervention existing in the software solution. In Warsaw, the monitoring system is being operated exclusively by the Leica GeoMoS software package with no 3rd party solutions.

Robust and Flexible Equipment The customer is a global, well experienced company providing construction works and other services. They have been using Leica Geosystems equipment for many years as well as being one of the most important Leica Geosystems partners worldwide.

The customer appreciates the robustness, interoperability and flexibility of the implemented monitoring system. Due the software integration, there is no need to install other supporting applications like warning systems, analytical tools etc.). with appropriate actions. The collected scientific and public institutions for geotechnical data (provided mainly analytical purposes. by SisGeo) is analyzed in the operation center together with the geodetic In Poland, the described deformation results displayed with GeoMoS. monitoring system is a completely new approach in terms of underground Data Sharing and tunnel monitoring. The customer, There is an agreement between however, is experienced, as they the consortium (AGP Metro provided a similar integrated surveying Poland) and the purchaser (Metro system in Rome, Italy, deciding to Warszawskie Sp. z o.o. and The trust the already checked solution. City of Warsaw) allowing the Nevertheless, there are differences possibility of exchanging data with between Rome and Warsaw, mainly

Leica Geosystems AG Heinrich-Wild-Strasse CH-9435 Heerbrugg Switzerland Phone +41 71 727 31 31 www.leica-geosystems.com Leica Geosystems TruStory Monitoring Europe’s Tallest Building

Customer Byrne Bros (Formwork)

Project period August 2009 – June 2012

Location Southwark, London, United Kingdom

‘When it comes to structural Byrne Bros (Formwork) is one of the monitoring, there is no room for UK’s premier concrete frame con- risk. At Bryne Bros we pride tractors. Byrne Bros were appointed ourselves in ensuring the delivery by MACE to carry out the concrete of best in class structures with substructure and superstructure works the upmost of safety and care. in a contract worth more than £50 It is integral for us to be able to million. The substructure will adopt work with a technology that is ‘top down’ techniques and the main adaptable to the project and structural core will be slip formed in Project Summary delivers without fail. That’s why parallel solutions which will deliver Provision of a real-time slip-form we chose Leica Geosystems and significant programme advantages. rig positioning system to maintain that’s why we were able to deliver verticality of the concrete core one of the largest engineering The top 30 floors, culminating at a construction. projects with absolute precision.’ public viewing gallery between levels Hardware 69 and 72, will be constructed using Leica GMX902GG Receivers Donald Houston, Byrne Bros a post tensioned slab construction. Leica AS10 GNSS Antennae On completion The Shard will house Leica GRZ122 360 Prisms Renzo Piano, the architect for offices for Transport for London, a Dual Axis Inclination Sensors The Shard, considers the slender, hotel and luxury apartments, all with Campbell Data logger spire like tower a positive addition exclusive views over the capital. Anemometer to the London skyline. The Meteorological Sensor sophisticated use of glazing with In the summer of 2009, Leica Geo- Leica TPS1200 expressive facades of angled systems was approached by Byrne Software panes is intended to reflect light Bros one of the UK’s and world’s WLAN bridge and the changing patterns of the leading formwork construction Leica GeoMoS sky, so that the form of the companies to develop a realtime Leica GNSS Spider Leica Geo Office building will change according to slip-form rig positioning system the weather and seasons. The which would be used to construct Shard London Bridge will tower the central concrete core of The Shard. 306m (1,017 feet) into the sky Slip-form construction is perhaps and will be the tallest building one of the safest, efficient and in the European Union and the economical methods of building tallest building in the United vertical structures. It enables form- Kingdom. When completed in 2012 work construction to rise at rates it will soar more than 70 floors of up to 8 metres per 24 hours. above London. Traditional methods of controlling the position of a slip-form rig as To allow the GNSS and total station it rises is often a time consuming results to be correlated a set of and labour intensive process. transformation parameters were Normally a site surveying team will calculated within the Leica Geo compute traverse computations Office software. from observations taken with total stations and precise optical plummets. These calculations allow the position Datalogger configuration for Inclination of the rig to be obtained in the site Sensors and Anemomete grid coordinates. As the vertical concrete core has known offsets As with any other city working from the rig it is therefore possible with GNSS technology in London to guarantee the core is being- can often prove challenging. Existing 4 x GMX902GG GNSS Receivers inside constructed vertically in relation buildings and infrastructure can the slip form rig. to its design coordinates. obscure the satellites signals and mean that unreliable or no position In addition to the problem of actually The required tolerance for this can be achieved. using GNSS technology in the project was that rig plan position ‘urban canyon’ the provision of both should not exceed +/- 25mm of For this reason 360° prisms were reliable and stable reference stations deviation against the design co- co-located with the Leica AS10 is extremely difficult. Often easy ordinates. The height component GNSS antenna to allow both total access to a stable location that is not as critical but is often useful station and GNSS observations to provides both the necessary power to know. After some consultation be gathered simultaneously which supply and communication is hard between Leica Geosystems and would also provide a check on the to obtain. Negotiation with other Byrne Bros a combined system of GNSS results particularly whilst building owners and businesses TPS, GNSS and dual axis inclinometers the rig was near ground level and can be prohibitively expensive. For was agreed. Real-Time GNSS positi- potentially encountering difficulty this reason it was decided that a ons would allow determination of in having a clear satellite window. real-time data feed from Leica the rig’s position. Both the translation SmartNet NRTK correction service and rotation of the rig could be would be utilised. determined using GNSS technology but it would be unable to provide The 4 x GMX902GG receivers are information on the rig’s inclination connected to the site computer which could be up to +/-75mm over running on the rig. Leica GNSS the 20m square rig dependant on Spider software takes the incoming the correction factors applied by data streams for these receivers the rig manager. It was therefore and a real-time data stream from necessary to calculate the tilt on the SmartNet service. The internet the rig. This was achieved using connectivity is provided by a WLAN data acquired from the 4 x dual axis bridge system which comprises inclinometers. By using the virtual of 2 x directional antennae which sensors functionality (mathematical guarantee reliable internet formulae) within the Leica GeoMoS connectivity to the site compu- software it was possible to compute ter on the rig as it rises nearly 3 a ‘tilt compensated’ position of all metres per day. four corners of the rig. Third-party inclination sensors were chosen due to the large expected range of tilt and were integrated into the systems via a Campbell Co-located AS10 GNSS Antenna, 360 Scientific Datalogger. Prism° and Dual Axis Inclinometer. Leica SmartNet provides Reference Data Information

Project Results This new and innovative approach for controlling the position of a slip-form rig has proved highly successful on The Shard project. The fact that the results obtained could be verified and correlated to WLAN Bridge System Effects of Tilt on GNSS position those obtained via traditional methods was extremely important The position of each antenna on The rig positioning interface uses in building confidence in the system. the rig was computed with respect the open architecture of GeoMoS This allied to the fact that Leica to nearest SmartNet reference which is built on a Microsoft SQL Geosystems Monitoring Support station which was approximately database. An OBDC link is establis- team could support this system 1.5 miles away. This yielded a 3 hed between the GeoMoS database remotely even during out of hours dimensional coordinate quality of and the bespoke interface which meant that in the early stages of better than +/-25mm. displays the results graphically and this project in particular confidence that is easy to understand by the in the system was assured. Already The GNSS positions are computed rig manager. This interface enables other tall buildings in London being every second within GNSS Spider the rig manager to make adjustment constructed using slip-form metho- and the median result of these to the rig position via the use of dology have adopted this system observations are sent every 10 hydraulic pumps. traffic light system and Byrne Bros plan to use this seconds to Leica GeoMoS where of warnings are displayed within system again on future projects. they are synchronised with the the interface. If the computed results data from the dual axis inclinometers exceed +/-25mm lateral displacement and the wind speed. A computation against the design position or is simultaneously carried out within +/- 4mm/m of tilt on any corner of For more information on monitoring GeoMoS which applies the lateral the rig then an orange display is solutions from Leica Geosystems Ltd shift caused by the tilt of the GNSS shown. A exaggerated rig display contact James Whitworth on antenna to the vertical position. and level ‘bubble’ display allow +44 (0)77 958 440 75 instant visualisation of results. [email protected]

Leica Geosystems Ltd Milton Keynes United Kingdom +44 01908 256500 www.leica-geosystems.co.uk Leica Geosystems TruStory Monitoring of the Central-Wanchai Bypass During Construction

Objective Deformation monitoring of bridge construction works

Customer/Institution Chun Wo Construction and Engineering Company Limited

Challenge Planning and installation of a temporary monitoring system within a daySmooth transition from a temporary into a permanent monitoring system Real-time deformation monitoring throughout the construction

Date Since February 2011

Location

The Island Eastern Corridor is a (ADMS) was initially set up major expressway connecting temporarily to automatically Causeway Bay to Chai Wan, operate round the clock, provi- which was completed in the ding precise deformation mea- 1980’s. In February 2011, a surements. However, in March bridge abutment supporting 2011, the system was turned the slip road was found to have into a permanent system. Project Summary unusual structural movements, Instruments causing the temporary suspension The temporary monitoring system Leica TM30 of underground works and soil was originally set up on a rental Leica Geosystems Monitoring prisms stabilization and measurements basis with a Leica TCA 2003 total Software to be taken immediately. As station, but after one month, the GeoMoS Monitor / Analyzer further settlement is still possible customer purchased a new permanent Web viewer for displaying data and and construction work needs to monitoring system with a Leica TM30 reports continue, which could potentially total station, which was specially Communication threaten the safety of road designed for monitoring use. The Cables users, further monitoring of the TM30 can operate 24 hours, 7 Uninterrupted Power Supply (UPS) bridge structure is required to days a week even under severe provide real time deformation environments. It also performs well Benefits information to the engineers, throughout a wide temperature - Continuous and remote monitoring so that they can make a correct range and is protected against wind - The safety of the bridge can be decision to ensure the highest driven rain, sand and dust, which is ensured round the clock during degree of safety. The automated omnipresent in this monitoring site operation deformation monitoring system as it is an open-air area with cars system is still operational during any short-term power outages. A backup database is used to store backup data, as past data plays an important role in future analysis and comparison. To enable monitoring users to access the monitoring data anywhere, the computer is connected to a web server in a data centre and all the data is uploaded in real time to the Internet. To ensure the monitoring system operates smoothly, reliably and accurately in spite of all the construction work nearby, regular system maintenance checks and cleaning of optical prisms is done to prevent coverage by sand and dust or movements caused by vibration.

Temporary to Permanent After the initial structural movements travelling around. Incorporating Monitoring System Setup in February 2011, the customer all these features, measurements The monitoring consists of a TM30 demanded a fully automatic could be taken round the clock total station, a computer and more monitoring system from Leica and the system remains stable than one hundred Leica prisms. Geosystems Hong Kong with only and precise at all times. Measuring The total station is mounted on a a half-days’ notice. The monitoring over a hundred monitoring prisms platform next to a bridge abutment system planning, with the position mounted on bridge abutments and and protected by a fixed metal of the total station, prisms and other surfaces, monitoring data stand, once the system became setup, had to be done within were measured in a one-hour cycle. a permanent set-up. The prisms hours. The Leica monitoring system For the monitoring of such a critical are mounted on various surfaces, components were set up very easy road bridge, with cars frequently which are distributed around the with plug & play for a one month passing by, outliers or data gaps concerned slip road in the construction temporary installation. To reach the cannot be tolerated. With the site. Reference prisms are installed highest standards of a monitoring Leica TM30 total station, the in stable areas to provide a control system, it was turned into a system provides high accuracy an- network for the Leica TM30 total permanent setup one month later. gular measurements of 0.5” station. The computer, with Leica During the installation period of and precise distance measurements GeoMoS for the total station control the permanent set-up, the temporary with 0.6 mm + 1 ppm. With the and data acquisition, is located just set-up continued operating until it direct drives and the SmartEye next to the total station in a heavy had worked for two whole months, vision the total station can perform transportable box. In addition, an so that surveyors could compare the measurements to all the uninterrupted power supply (UPS) the data between the two set-ups monitoring prisms in a short cycle. is installed so that the complete and adjust them accordingly. the reasons behind the notification and confirm whether the message was due to faulty equipment (displaced prism), human error or construction activities. They decide what kind of actions need to be taken, e.g. increasing monitoring frequency or even a temporary suspension of all nearby works.

Conclusion The implementation of the automatic deformation monitoring system after the initial structural movements has been highly beneficial, as with the help of the monitoring system, the Central-Wanchai Bypass project could be resumed safely and the public can be constantly kept informed about the situation. The Data Visualization Messaging System monitoring system has allowed the All the measured monitoring data As the name of automatic deformation progress of construction projects is first processed by the computer monitoring system suggests, every to continue, in addition to ensuring with GeoMoS Monitor. The responsible process should work without human public safety. surveyors can then view the data intervention. Therefore, instead of directly with GeoMoS Analyzer on employing a person to watch the data the computer located on the con- 24 hours a day, computers notify struction site or via a web interface, surveyors and engineers immediately as the data is immediately uploaded when any deformation beyond tolerance to the Internet. After logging into occurs with the system. After the the web page the users can display monitoring positions of the prisms the data with numerical or graphical are measured, they are compared reports, their associated limit levels with the set limit levels. If any moni- and download raw data. The actual toring data reaches or exceeds one monitoring data can be displayed of the three limit levels, the messaging with reference to the initial values system is immediately activated. The measured at the start of the monitoring designated personnel are notified or as trends. through various media and by e-mail. The surveyors in charge then investigate

Leica Geosystems AG Heinrich-Wild-Strasse CH-9435 Heerbrugg Switzerland Phone +41 71 727 31 31 www.leica-geosystems.com Leica Geosystems TruStory Yesterday’s Negligence Becomes Today’s Problem

http://vermessung.emchberger.ch/

Objective Subsidence monitoring of a building

Customer/Institution Emch+Berger AG Vermessung, Solothurn

Challenge Real-time subsidence monitoring during remediation Notification via SMS when any sensor exceeds set limit levels Pure geotechnical monitoring project

Date While pumping and active charcoal filtering is taking place, the new building is continuously 2010 – 2015 monitored with several inclination Leica Nivel220 sensors. Location The level of pollution at the geology and groundwater levels. Zuchwil/Switzerland Schnepfenmatt site in Zuchwil Remediation works for a new build- makes it one of most contaminated ing to the east of the Schnepfen- pieces of ground in the Swiss matt site led to the realisation that canton of Solothurn. Although the pollution could be treated by the pollution threatens two of extracting water through wellpoints Solothurn’s public drinking water without risk to the sur-rounding sources, it has not been possi- buildings. ble to successfully remediate the “Decades of careless handling of land until now. Emch+Berger is environmentally hazardous materials working on the remediation of and wastes have left their mark Project Summary this contaminated waste site. in the soils of Switzerland.” Swiss Instruments Federal Office for the Environment - Leica Nivel220 (BAFU), 2009 Background - Groundwater piezometers In 1998, during the course of a - Flow sensors redevelopment project in Zuchwil, Site work - Water pressure sensors it was discovered that there was Emch+Berger is responsible for the Software considerable contamination of the site work and the evaluation and - Leica GeoMoS Monitor/Analyzer ground (soil, groundwater), on what interpretation of the monitoring - Leica GeoMoS Web is now the Schnepfenmatt site, with data. The CHC-contaminated Communication chlorinated hydrocarbons (CHC). groundwater is purified by passing - ComBox20 Previous attempts at remediation it through an active charcoal filter - Campbell Scientific datalogger using conventional methods have water treatment system. The site not proved successful. Their failure manager must ensure that the 92 was due to local conditions, the filter strings installed to extract the Benefits Leica sensors and third party sensors combined in a single monitoring system simplifies support and interpretation of the measured data. Two geotechnical sensors systems increase the systems reliability

groundwater do not obstruct or a water pressure sensor. A Leica delay progress on the new building ComBox20, a central communications to the east. The individual filter unit, controls the groundwater strings are connected by several piezometers, the flow and water pump lines to the treatment plant. pressure sensors (using a Campbell Each filter string must be designed Scientific datalogger) and provides and installed so that it can be them with electrical power. All data individually controlled by a shut-off is transmitted via a wireless GPRS valve. Remediation is expected to router in real time to the Leica take five years. GeoMoS Monitor software in the Graph of the groundwater level in Leica GeoMoS Web Emch+Berger AG Vermessungen Monitoring office. The Leica GeoMoS monitoring While pumping and active charcoal system controls the data acquisition Results filtering is taking place, the new of the Leica Nivel220 inclination The customer receives a truly multi- building is continuously monitored sensors and the other sensors, faceted service including the measuring with several inclination Leica Nivel220 displays the measured data, calculates concept, installation, maintenance sensors. The Leica Nivel220 inclination displacements and checks, in real of the system and user support in sensors are directly connected, via time, whether the tolerances are the interpretation of the measured two separated RS485 bus systems, exceeded. If the tolerances are data. The monitoring system includes to the central communication unit. exceeded, the system notifies the two independent measuring sensors Every 15 minutes, each sensor registers project partners by SMS. To allow that increase the reliability when the longitudinal and transversal other interested parties (geologist, the CHC-contaminated groundwater inclination of its position. system maintenance engineer, con- is purified. Furthermore, groundwater levels struction engineer etc.) to see the are automatically measured every data, the data viewing application five minutes by five groundwater Leica GeoMoS Web is available on piezometer stations spread out over the Internet. This allows the data to the site. The treatment plant also be analysed from anywhere at any has two integrated flow sensors and time.

Leica Geosystems AG Heinrich-Wild-Strasse CH-9435 Heerbrugg Switzerland Phone +41 71 727 31 31 www.leica-geosystems.com Leica Geosystems TruStory Landslide Monitoring in Acri, Italy

Scope/Objective Monitoring of a landslide over the main access road. This road is the only way to connect a town with the main high- ways.

Customer/Institution ANAS S.p.A. - Calabria

Challenge Replacing the 24/7 military garrison with an automatic monitoring system

Date Started in August 2010

Location Acri, Italy

Leica TM30 above the town of Acri

In 1998 a landslide occurred Scanner, GPS/TPS for survey and close to the city of Acri, located Monitoring System. in Calabria in southern Italy. The landslide had a dimension Monitoring objective of approximately 100 x 400 m The deformation monitoring width and 500 m length. system’s target is to observe the Project Summary Fortunately, nobody was injured landslide over the main road, SS660, Instruments and no important buildings which connects the town Acri with Leica GMX901 within the landslide area were the highway. Leica GMX902 destroyed. Only the security Leica TM30 0,5” of the national SS660 road is System concept Leica Nivel 210 affected. The geodetic monitoring system is Software composed of a Leica TM30 0,5”, Leica GeoMoS Monitor Between 1998 and 2010 the military installed on a historical tower, which Leica GNSS Spider Remote communication manually monitored the landslide measures 20 monitoring points Cellular router; GSM as backup area every 24 hours. This was very every 6 hours covering an area of Communication on the field expensive and therefore the custo- approximately 1 x 1 km. Inside the Wireless LAN and cables mer (ANAS S.pA.) decided to install tower there is a Leica Nivel210 to Office an automatic deformation monito- control the stability of the structure. SystemAnywhere (data synchronization ring system. & calculations) and Analysis (data In addition, four Leica GNSS baselines view) ANAS S.p.A. is the main national built up with Leica GMX901 antennas, company responsible for the located on the landslide, compute Benefits management of the road network independent and absolute coordi- - Remote data handling with maintenance & refurbishment. nates of the landslide movements. automatic backups They are already a Leica Customer A Leica GMX902 high-precision - Real-time messaging of landslide deformations Absolute coordinates for a different application: Laser monitoring GNSS reveiver located on the tower is used by each of batteries if required. Messages are sent via SMS and E-mail the baselines. In addition, the “Leica GMX901 and in addition, automatic reports boxes” are equipped with a Serial can be generated. “PC box” on site to TCP converter and an Ethernet The PC has an Internet connection The installed communication structure switch, to ensure an easy on-site and a GSM backup connection to consists of a robust enclosure on connection with a laptop to check allow quick downloading of the the site called the “PC box”. This the status of all the connected monitoring data from the “PC box”. contains a cellular router, an industrial devices. Identical to the “PC box” windows based PC, power and these boxes also have a power Maintenance & Backup cabling. The Leica TM30, Leica GMX902 supply, backup battery, “Amphenol” All the data from the “PC box” is receiver and Leica Nivel210 are plug connectors, Wifi / GSM also backed up on an FTP site. The directly connected by cables to connection and are assembled backup software installed in the this box. The four Leica GMX901 with DIN-Rail. “PC box” checks the completeness monitoring points are connected of the GeoMoS measurement cycle via a local Wifi network (5GHz) to Data Acquisition and the GNSS Spider baseline results, the “PC box”. All collected monitoring The total station and Nivel210 and automatically creates a backup data is downloaded to a monitoring inclination is controlled with the of the SQL database on a FTP server. system PC, at the headquarters Monitoring software Leica GeoMoS. The backup gives maximum security of ANAS, with a direct high-speed The software schedules the for data collection and minimum Internet connection. In addition, a measurement to the prisms and intervention, in terms of a, PC GSM connection provides a backup the read out of the inclination values. failures etc. For the on-site communication line in case any The raw data is stored in the open management of the different internet problems occur. A 220V SQL database. The GNSS baselines components, various means of power supply with a backup battery are processed with Leica GNSS remote access to all devices are provides continuous power to all Spider. Both software packages are available. the devices. To ensure absolute installed on an industrial windows waterproof characteristics of the based PC inside the on-site “PC box”. Results enclosure, all cable connections As a result, the customer receives to the “PC box” are wired via The acquired raw data from Leica all the results as simple and clear “Amphenol” plug connectors. To GeoMoS and Leica GNSS Spider is graphs that show, at a glance, the allow maximum flexibility of the box downloaded from the monitoring behaviour and deformation of the every component and device site, with the local Leica Selling Unit landslide. is DIN-Rail mounted. software called “SystemAnywhere”, to another dedicated monitoring “GMX901 box” on site system computer located in the Each of the four GMX901s is powered headquarters of the customer. by solar panels. Inside the Leica SystemAnywhere retrieves the pure GMX901 box a datalogger reads raw data and then automatically out and stores the charge of the computes the total station corrections battery. This information is auto- as orientation, free station, ppm matically downloaded to the “PC etc. Total station and GNSS base- box” so that the system operator lines are combined and limit checks can proactively react and exchange computed. Leica GMX902 as reference station

Leica Geosystems AG Heinrich-Wild-Strasse CH-9435 Heerbrugg Switzerland Phone +41 71 727 31 31 www.leica-geosystems.com Leica Geosystems TruStory Structural Monitoring of Michigan’s Highway Bridges

Company/Institution Michigan Department of Transportation Construction and Technology Division

Challenge Reliable Real-Time Deformation Monitoring of many bridges within the State of Michigan with wireless data coverage

Date 2010 - ongoing

Location State of Michigan / USA

A temporary bridge being monitored while work is completed on the rebuilding of the permanent bridge.

The State of Michigan (USA) is During the 1960’s and 1970’s, a surrounded by the largest source significant highway construction of fresh water in the world, the effort took place in the State of Great Lakes. Lakes Superior, Michigan. As time was of importance Michigan, Huron, Ontario, and Erie to open up routes of commerce to Project play tremendous environmental the far reaching areas of the State, Instruments and economic roles, and are of many of these structures were built Leica TS30 Total Stations vital importance to Michigan and on spread footings, sometimes on Leica GRX1200 Reference Station the United States in terms of less then desireable ground. Over Receivers shipping, fishing, tourisim, and time and millions of vehical crossings, Software a clean water source. Between these bridges need to be reconstructed Leica GeoMoS the Great Lakes, their associated to support the larger loads of watershed, and the State’s semi-trucks and increased vehical Objectives extensive highway system, there traffic. As is the case with any - 3D determination of bridge are also a significant number of critical traffic structure, it is most deformation highway bridges that require service, desireable to safely perform as - Checking for bridges that need maintenance, and reconstruction much work as possible on the to be maintained or reconstructed - Maintaining secure traffic by in order to ensure and maintain bridges without interrupting traffic verifying the stability of the safety to the motoring public. flow. In order to ensure that structures construction activities around a bridge do not comprimise the structure, the Michigan Department as well as maintain the Michigan of Transportation (MDOT) has Spatial Reference Network (MSRN), Benefits implemented the Leica GeoMoS consisting of nearly 100 Leica - Real-Time 3D Monitoring - Easy Monitoring Configuration Monitoring software system and GRX1200 Pro GNSS receivers and - Effectiveness of measuring Leica TS30 total stations. This Spider Software. MDOT has longsince real-time deformation system allows highway engineers established itself as a worldwide - Robust sensors suitable for to constantly verify the stability of leader in the application of Leica permanent monitoring the structures and provide instant Geosystems hardware and software, - Bridge Safety updates in the event of any unforeseen and continues to provide the tax - Preventing catastrophic failure movements or changes. paying citizens of Michigan with the - Minimizing road closures during Under the direct supervision of Mr. most productive and precise maintenance and reconstructions Shawn Roy, P.S., Chief Monitoring measuring technology available on Surveyor of the MDOT / Design the planet. would be to close the bridge to all Survey Division (Lansing, Michigan), traffic, perform the reconstruction, many bridges over the past two Economic Benefits of Structural and then open the new structure years have been successfully Monitoring to vehicle traffic. Unfortunately, a recontructed under the watchful While the mighty Mackinaw Bridge complete bridge closure has a eye of Leica TS30 Total Stations’ is probably the State’s most iconic massively negative impact on local Automatic Target Recognition (ATR) bridge, Michigan also has thousands commerce. As the State of Michigan’s and GeoMoS Monitoring Software. of smaller bridges, associated with economy is greatly driven by the their tens of thousands of miles agriculture (getting crops to market), Long-standing Positive Experience of public roadways in their state automotive (getting parts to factories), with Leica Geosystems highway system. As is the case with and tourism (getting people to MDOT is no stranger to the high any physical structure exposed to the state’s many great vacation quality and precison of Leica the elements of a harsh winter destinations) industries, shutting Geosystems total stations, digital environment, eventually these down a bridge can easily cost levels, and GNSS receivers. They bridges require maintenance or millions of dollars in lost commerce, currently utilize a massive fleet of replacement. Most certainly, the as well as inconveniencing everyday Leica Geosystems instrumentation, ideal case in a bridge reconstruction citizen travel and increasing traffic on auxiliary roads that may not be designed for such loads. The cost of bridge closure is computed by the engineering staff at the Michigan Department of Transportation using a standard numerical study resulting in a User Delay cost.

Economic Benefits of Structural Monitoring As a result of the Leica GeoMoS/ Leica TS30 monitoring system a bridge reconstruction can take place with minimal bridge closure and t raffic delays. Obviously, keeping traffic moving on a bridge under construction carries larger risk it is absolutely critical to provide Small bridges: just as important as big bridges continuous, absolute measurements in discussions with the Chief Surveyor to make sure that all of the critical areas of potential movements are sufficiently monitored.

Reliable Wireless Data Coverage Michigan is blessed with reasonably stable wireless web coverage in populated areas and along the state highway system. As a result, the connection between the modem attached to the Leica TS30 and the Leica GeoMoS software server can be reliably established via the wireless web. On all of the projects completed in Michigan to date, there has been no data lost due to connectivity between the on-site modem and the server where the of the existing structure in real-time is in progress, a conventional Leica GeoMoS software is installed. while reconstruction work is performed. surveying crew must be on site Certainly, the logistics of a successful The Leica GeoMoS system with Leica every day to provide measurements and reliable monitoring project TS30 total stations has proven to be relating to the stability of the struc- would be significantly greater (and exactly “what the Doctor ordered”for ture. The full implementation of a more expensive) without access to this scenario. When fully implemented Leica GeoMoS monitoring system, reliable wireless data coverage. on a bridge reconstruction, all of with Leica TS30’s spinning the data “The ability to perform real-time the critical project engineers can streams 24/7, eliminates the need monitoring in absolute 3-D via monitor the structure to be sure of a costly surveying crew on site Leica GeoMos Software and the there is no unnecessary movement, day after day, and also ensures that Leica TS30’s has revolutionized thereby preventing catastrophic any movements that might occur how we look at highway bridge failure. In the event there is any when the surveying crew is absent reconstructions in the State of abnormality relating to the structural will be duly recorded. Michigan and provides our Project stability, the appropriate personnel Engineers and Surveyors with are immediately notified via text The Leica GeoMoS/TS30 installations added confidence to ensure the message, e-mail, or the web interface for an MDOT Bridges depend on many safety of the motoring citizens on their mobile device and can variables, including the extent of of the great State of Michigan, quickly analyze the real-time repairs (or in some cases, replacement), while providing significant cost savings in survey crew man- measurement data and make an length of project, and the critical hours.” informed decision as to the project’s points of measurement as defined -Mr. Shawn Roy, P.S. / Chief course of action. by the project engineer. In all cases, Monitoring Surveyor / Michigan a concrete pillar 6 ft deep and 12 Department of Transportation. Small Bridge Monitoring: inches in diameter is installed in A Tactical Approach view of the predetermined prism Secure Installation of the Although the typical bridge monitoring locations. It is critical to establish Monitoring System project takes place over a relatively the instrument station out of the Security is also a concern, since Leica short period of time (4-6 months), direct work area in order to prevent GeoMoS monitoring instrumentation the security that the Leica GeoMoS potential obstructions between the is left on-site 24/7, unattended, system provides is immeasurable for instrument and its target prisms, as especially during off-construction project engineers and surveyors. The well as ensuring instrument stability. hours. In order to keep potential cost savings however, are very real. The configuration of the target thieves at bay, the Michigan As has been the case in the past prisms on the bridge is always Department of Transportation has when a complicated reconstruction determined by the Project Engineer designed theft-proof semi-portable equipment enclosures. The TS30 is Productivity and Cost Savings mounted solidly onto the concrete The Leica GeoMoS Monitoring instrument pillar and the theft-proof Software, in conjunction with Leica box containing the power supply, TS30 total stations, is most certainly solar panels, inverter, and modem the most effective combination of is lowered over top of the instrument. safety, productivity, and cost savings The original design plan of the for structural monitoring. Even the innovators of this theft-proof setup smallest country road bridges can (Mr. Andrew Semenchuk, P.S., and directly result in User Delay fees Mr. Shawn Roy, P.S.) called for a of $12,000 per day if closed to curved Plexiglas housing around the vehicular traffic. Larger interstate outer shied. However, upon testing, highway bridges can easily cost it was de-termined that the curved hundreds of thousands of dollars surface resulted in poor measurement to close. Therefore, in addition to accuracy to the prisms. The Plexiglas increasing the safety of everyone was removed so the instrument has involved in these projects, the an unrestricted view of the prisms. ability to minimize road closures The theft-proof enclosure, even during maintenance and reconstructions without the Plexiglas, eliminates the directly results in cost savings to the ability to remove the instrument tax payers of Michigan. from its mount and has been proven to be very effective in maintaining security.

As the Michigan Department of Transportation has perfected the TPS bridge-monitoring procedure for low frequency / high-precision bridge projects, they are currently looking to extend the capability of their existing Leica GeoMoS processing and analysis package to explore the utilization of GNSS sensors for applications where higher frequency (20+ Hz) may be required to facilitate project needs. The ability of both TPS and GNSS data to be combined simultaneously has a multitude of existing applications and opens the door to even more possibilities for ensuring the safety of future Chief Monitoring Surveyor, Mr. Shawn Roy, P.S. inspects a monitoring station with a monitoring projects. Leica TS30 situated on an IBEAM driven into the ground.

Leica Geosystems AG Heinrich-Wild-Strasse CH-9435 Heerbrugg Switzerland Phone +41 71 727 31 31 www.leica-geosystems.com Leica Geosystems TruStory Slope Monitoring at Adaro Tutupan Coal Mine/Indonesia

Scope/Objective Monitoring the open cut coal mining slopes’ deformation to predict the time of slope failures and to protect personnel and equipments from slope failures

Customer/Institution Adaro Indonesia, South Kalimantan, Indonesia

Challenge Continously operate the complete system within immediate distance to the excavation

Date Project started in June 2004 Tutupan mine is one of the In addition, six meteo sensors are largest open cut coal mines in installed within the mine, automatically Location Indonesia, situated in the South measuring atmospheric conditions and Banjarmasin, Indonesia Kalimantan province 300 km changes. In order to receive reliable from Banjarmasin. The mine has measurement data, the total station a total coal production of over slope distance measurements need 40 million tons per annum. The to be corrected with the calculated Tutupan’s pit dimensions are PPM. approximately 16,000 x 2,500 x 250 m. Radio devices (Mikrotik 2.4 GHz) are used for data communication bet- The Adaro Tutupan mine is a long ween the Leica GeoMoS Software in standing customer, having used the main office, all total stations, and Project Summary Leica Geosystems monitoring sensors the meteo sensors. Each instrument Instruments for slope monitoring since June 2004. uses a ComServer to convert the Leica TM30 Monitoring Sensor RS232 feed from total stations and Leica TCRP1203 Total Stations Leica TCRA1201 Total Stations Currently, 11 Leica Geosystems total meteo sensors into RJ45/IP for radio Leica Geosystems Monitoring prisms stations with hundreds of monitoring communication. STS DTM Meteo sensor prisms are installed in the pit slopes Software to perform slope stability monitoring. Leica GeoMoS monitoring software Leica GeoMoS Monitor The monitoring prisms are installed controls the total stations and the Lica GeoMoS Analyzer on the slope surface with intervals meteo sensors. As a result of using Communication of 100-150 m and the process of GeoMoS, the customer receives Mikrotik 2.4 GHz Radio Modem installing many more prisms to cover long term monitoring deformation Office all the pit slopes is ongoing. The of the pit slopes. Leica GeoMoS total stations measure distances The monitoring data is used for the between 800 and 2500 m in a nearly study of slope stability for the continuous measurement cycle. monitored areas to protect work- ers and equipment and to research Since the monitoring system has the slopes’ ‘behavior’, especially the been installed, the geodetic and Benefits failure history. geotechnical sensors controlled by l 24 hour slope stability monitoring to Due to the variations of soil/rock the monitoring software have been protect personnel and equipment from types inside the excavation area, able to detect some slope failures slope failures l studies to obtain accurate deforma- in advance. The experience that was Predict time of failure l Optimize the excavation tion level limits are in a continuous gained due to these events is now development process, carried out applied to limit levels for the by the surveyors responsible for the measured deformations of the pit the Leica GeoMoS monitoring soft- monitoring data and by geotechnical slopes. ware, the Adaro mine also uses geo- engineers. The geo-technical engi- technical monitoring sensors such neers and surveyors also estimate To perform nonstop, 24-hour slope as inclinometers, crackmeters and of the time of failure of the mining space stability activities in the mine, course visual inspection/monitoring. slopes using the “Inverse Velocity” the monitoring crews run three Combining all variations of monitor- analysis. The time of failure is a very shifts to ensure the delivery of real ing methods/technologies important indicator time slope stability information to the increases the reliability and accuracy used to predict collapse of the responsible staff. The main challenge of the deformation data. slopes that have accelerating trends of this huge monitoring project is to Responsible slope engineers gain in deformation/velocity. maintain, for example, the data com- confidence when two independent In addition, the automatic monitoring munication and to schedule service measuring technologies indicate measurements are an essential data times for the installed equipment. the same measurement results. set to verify geotechnical assess- Nevertheless, a final visual inspection ments or recommendations made Besides geodetic sensors (total is done before large-scale actions by production engineers. stations with meteo sensors) and are taken by the engineers.

A combined power supply station with a solar panel is used for data transmission to the main office for data analysis (top).

Several High-Precision Leica Geosystems total stations are used to monitor the slopes of the Adaro Tutupan Coal Mine (left).

Leica Geosystems AG Heinrich-Wild-Strasse CH-9435 Heerbrugg Switzerland Phone +41 71 727 31 31 www.leica-geosystems.com Leica Geosystems TruStory Monitoring System at Tsuen Wan West Station, MTR West Rail Line

Scope/Objective Tunnel deformation monitoring

Customer/Institution MTR, Hongkong

Date 2009 - ongoing

Location Hongkong

The TW7 area in Tsuen Wan West System design and setup Station Hong Kong, is the planned The design of the tunnel monitoring location for the development of system started in 2009 and required Project Summary a new urban infrastructure. Since two months to complete the design, Used Instruments the construction is very close to preparation, setup and testing. In Leica TM30 an existing MTR (Mass Transit total, six high accurate Leica TM30 Leica Geosystems L-bar prisms Railway, the rapid transit railway total stations, two computers, one Software system in Hong Kong) tunnel and backup computer, 42 reference Leica GeoMoS Monitor / Analyzer station, an automatic deformation prisms and 234 monitoring prisms Web Service for data viewing monitoring system (ADMS) must have been installed for the monitoring of the SU Hongkong be installed for security, because system. The locations of the total Third party adjustment software Communication any deformation to the MTR could stations and prisms were carefully Cables threaten the lives of thousands selected so that measurement cov- of passengers. erage, efficiency and the costs of Challenge the project were balanced. The total - Monitor a length of 400 meters A Netherlands company has been stations were distributed along a - Ensure the required clearance contracted to monitor the develoment 400 meter segment of the railway between installation and railway of this project for any deformation tunnel. The total stations we infrastructure that may occur due to earth and piling installed in three groups of two, - Fully automated and reliable system works. To perform the deformation with one total station of each pair to very limited access to the site monitoring Leica Monitoring solutions was set to monitor the uptrack, the has been selected. This is because other the downtrack (see Figure 4). the realtime monitoring is able to The monitoring prisms were continuously detect any deformation, installed next to overhead line therefore providing an alert to any cables, on the sides of the tunnel possible disasters. and next to the pedestrian walkway. Benefits - Ensure the safety for the daily railway operation - React proactive on any occurring deformation to avoid downtimes of the railway tunnel / station

For each prism a clear line of sight outside the monitoring area and addition, the end customers have to the total stations and safety partly inside the monitoring area. As the ability to access via a web inter- clearance to the tracks and over- not every total station had a line of face the measured monitoring data head lines was required. sight to the outside stable reference that represents the deformations in points, it was necessary to compute easily understandable graphical and Communication network adjustments for the complete numerical deformation reports. was established between the total network based on the outside stable stations and the dedicated monitoring reference points, so that the inside Messaging System computers using cables. These com- reference points could be updated. To enable quick response to any puters were located in a separate For that reason, at the beginning of irregularities in the project area, a office with a workstation equipped each complete monitoring cycle, the messaging system was implemented. with Leica GeoMoS Software. This total stations measure all the reference This system automatically informs is responsible for the Leica TM30 points. These measurements are used the responsible staff via e-mails in cotrol, data collection, analysis and to compute the network adjustment. any situation when a measured visualization. In addition, third party The coordinates of the total station displacement exceeds set limit levels. network adjustment software was standpoints and the reference points These limit level values have been used. Reliability to the system was inside the monitoring area are set through the system beforehand ensured by using uninterrupted updated with the results. Leica by the surveyors. After a limit level power supplies (UPS), to reduce the GeoMoS software then measures is exceeded, the surveyors in charge problems of power outages, and the monitoring points based on the investigate the reasons behind the data was frequently backed up. updated reference points. This exceedance and confirm whether Regular maintenance and checks complete measurement cycle, with the measurement was due to outliers, including cleaning the optical prisms stable reference and monitoring human errors, construction activities twice a week, allowed the system to points, occurs every 2 hours. or a real movement. operate smoothly and accurately as the trains, running frequently next Deformation Data Conclusion to the instruments, could cause The monitoring data is available in In the last decade, it has been proven unwanted displacements and dust real-time for displaying through the that the automatic deformation coverage of the prisms. Internet. The monitoring staff, with monitoring systems have effectively appropriate access codes, can login prevented accidents from happening Monitoring Network to the complete monitoring system since its implementation in various The stable reference prisms were information and display both deformation projects in Hong Kong. installed along the tunnel, partly values and the system health. In

Leica Geosystems AG Heinrich-Wild-Strasse CH-9435 Heerbrugg Switzerland Phone +41 71 727 31 31 www.leica-geosystems.com Leica Geosystems TruStory Chemical Plant Monitoring

Scope/Objective Monitor of a highly explosive plant during consolidation works

Challenge Continuously evaluate data to check the position of the pipes in the plant

Date December 2011 - ongoing

Location

The plant is located in the Each pipe carries high explosive center of Italy and is a chemical liquids through the plant. The Project Summary plant for the production of high monitoring area is sub-divided in Field explosive chemical liquids. two plants called “PLANT 1” and “PLANT 1” and “PLANT 2” “PLANT 2”. Leica TM30 0.5” Maintenance work inside the plant Leica GeoMoS Monitor by a construction company making A total station monitoring system SystemAnywhere (data synchronisation some consolidation works (like was selected for the plant monitoring & calculations) micropiles, etc.) is required. To avoid due to its flexibility during the Analysis (data view) any effect and to maintain the plant’s installation of monitoring prisms Sensor communication in the field activity, the customer is obliged to on the pipes with a minimum time Wireless LAN for sensors monitor the pipes during all the & work impact, the ability to easily Remote communication construction operations. Any add and remove monitoring points, Cellular router unforeseen deformation of the the cost saving for the increase of Office pipes causes a total stop of the monitoring points and the ability to Analysis prodution, which costs approximately measure prism’s absolute position 1.000.000 EUR per hour. with high precision. Benefits Therefore, the stability of the pipes - Absolute data and differential values related to their absolute as-built On each site the total stations are for real-time check of the pipes positions in the plant are monitored directly plugged into a so-called - Reliable and precise Sensors in real-time with very close human “TM30 box”. These boxes are - Cost savings supervision of the gathered results. connected via WiFi to a so-called PC box that contains a cellular of the box, every component and Based on the computed virtual router, industrial windows based device is DIN-Rail mounted. sensors, automatic limit checks are PC, power and cabling. The GeoMoS computed and messages given to Monitor software is installed on the the customer. Based on the limit industrial PC and manages the checks, the operator can make measurements, the calculation and decisions about the safety of the the limit check computation. The plant. complete monitoring data is trans- ferred from SystemAnywhere to the As a result, the customer receives office PC via a secure FTP server. all the results as simple and clear graphs that show, at a glance, the In the main office of an engineering Leica TM30 field view behaviour and deformation of the company, that is contracted by the plant. construction company and responsible The battery information is auto- for the monitoring system, the matically downloaded to the “PC software for data analysis is installed. box” so that the system operator In this project, the local Italian can proactively react and exchange SystemAnywhere software is used batteries if required. to analyze and validate the measured monitoring of the sites. With the To fulfill the customers’ requirements SystemAnywhere software on the it was necessary to measure SQL database it is possible to work assingned 3D positions within the Wifi network “PLANT 1” from three different workstations. plant and the pipes. These coor- dinates are then used in a virtual “TM30 boxes” sensor computation. With virtual Installed next to every Leica TM30 sensors, the output of one or more is a so-called “TM30 box”. All the sensors can be modelled using Leica TM30 total stations are constants, mathematical functions connected directly to a 220V power and/or logic operators. In this pro- supply, without backup battery ject three main virtual values have (because it is not allowed in the been computed; height difference plant). Inside the “TM30 boxes” between two points on the same are the required devices e.g. a pipe but on different planimeric datalogger that reads out and stores position, 3D vectors between the charge of the battery, serial to points in different sections of IP converters, WiFi devices and an the pipes line (like convergence Ethernet switch, to ensure easy measurement in the tunnel) and connection with a laptop to check 2D vectors (planimetric) between Wifi network “PLANT 2” the status of all the connected points on the same pipe to check devices. To allow maximum flexibility the alignment.

Leica Geosystems AG Heinrich-Wild-Strasse CH-9435 Heerbrugg Switzerland Phone +41 71 727 31 31 www.leica-geosystems.com Leica Geosystems TruStory Railway Bridge Monitoring Kirchtobel – Switzerland

Monitoring Company Schällibaum AG, Switzerland www.schaellibaum.ch

Builder Schweizerische Südostbahn AG

Challenge Monitor and display the move- ments of a railway bridge during 100 year old railway bridge “Kirchtobel” and the monitoring system setup the construction of a second par- allel bridge The extension of the railway movements and inform the line between St. Gallen – Arth- key people in the railway Date Goldau is part of the integration service “SOB Südostbahn” in November 2011 to May 2012 of Eastern Switzerland with any case of emergency. the New Railway Link through Location the Alps (NRLA). There are Monitoring Object several engineering projects The railway bridge crosses a associcated with this enlargment, steep forested ravine and has such as the building of the new a length of 150 m and the railway bridge close to St. maximum height is about 30 m. Gallen. As the new bridge will The overpass consists of four be built close to the existing minor and six main arcs, and one hundred year old brigde, there are trains crossing the the project is complex as the ravine every 15 minutes in both old bridge is made of natural directions. Project Summary stone and the foundation of Instruments its pillars are not accurately During the building process of Leica TCA2003, Leica TCA1800 defined. This means that the new bridge, the structure of Leica Prisms construction work can affect the old bridge and the overlying Leica Nivel220 Bus System the old bridge in the forms tracks has to be monitored. Due W&T Meteo Sensor of settlement and torsion. A to a geological report, the people Webcam permanent monitoring system in charge concluded that the Software is required to monitor these existing bridge foundations will GeoMoS Monitor and Analyzer be influenced by the construction GeoMoS Web work around the old bridge, Communication especially during the building of Leica ComBox20 a temporary road through the Leica TCPS27 Radio Modem ravine, which could lead to GSM/UMTS, Ethernet, RS232/485 subsidence and rotation of the Power piers. Movements in the foundation Fuel Cells of a railway bridge can be Alarming disastrous for the railway service SMS and E-Mail Important swiss railway connections and distortions in the railroad Monitoring System Benefi t For this monitoring project • Redundant measurements primarily tachometric measuring of monitoring points from equipment (Leica TCA2003, different TPS locations TCA1800) was selected. The • Nivel220 Bus System as a required measurement accuracy fallback system for bad weather is ± 2-3 mm. The total stations conditions have been placed on each side • Data access anytime and any- of the bridge in the ravine. With where over Leica GeoMoS Web the choice of these instrument • Effi cient messaging via SMS and stand points, the piers of the E-Mail arcs can be monitored from each side, leading to redundant. A • Flexible and secure total of 81 prisms are mounted communication setup in a uniform pattern on the bridge. • Fuel cell technology provides For setting up and orienting the a secure and self-suffi cient total stations, there are twelve power supply in the outback stable fixed points available • Automatic versus manual around the viaducts that are monitoring systems reduces mounted on concrete pedestals. costs • Leica Geosystems Support Special pillars are created to ensure the stability of the total covers this region, which impedes station locations. These pillars geodetic measurements. Due are made of a solid foundation, to these problems, six inclination where the frost depth is sensors (Leica Nivel220 bus considered, a stable outer shell system) are installed at the serves to protect against bridge head. These high-resolution temperature and mechanical sensors monitor the longitudinal damage. The measuring device and transverse tilt of the bridge. is installed on the core of these They form redundant measure- pillars. ments and a fall-back for the monitoring system, if optical To use optical measuring measurement techniques fail. instruments as total stations, a clear view of the monitoring The automatic monitoring object must be ensured. For that system also determines the reason several problems need atmospheric corrections for to be taken into account for geodetic measurements with this project. Firstly, because meteo data (temperature, Distributed monitoring prisms this gorge is heavily wooded, pressure and humidity) from a tracks are the most critical factor certain shrubs and trees have meteorological sensor. Further- in the rail geometry. Therefore, to be felled. Secondly, the new more, these weather data are in addition to monitoring the bridge will obscure a face of helpful for the concreting phases various foundations, focus is also the old bridge during its of the new bridge elements. placed on the bridge head where construction progress, which the tracks lay. The expected cannot be prevented. Thirdly, Beside all these measuring movement at the foot of the in winter months, fog often sensors, a rotating webcam is bridge could be in the millimetre to centimetre range. In addition to these conditions, the location of the object, the different weather conditions and the progress of construction of the new bridge must be also consi- dered during the design process of the monitoring system. Monitoring System Calibration Before a system is set to active, a proper null measurement of the monitoring object is necessary. During this phase, the measurement data of the stationary bridge, and thus the intrinsic behaviour of the bridge are studied. It is also an opportunity to fine tune the moni-toring system.

Conclusion By using such an automated monitoring system through the Graphical visualisation of the monitoring data in Leica GeoMoS Web: web cam image, construction, the companies weather forecast, rain radar, meteo data, inclinations with shown limit levels, etc. involved get an image of the health status of the constantly also used to monitor the is not available at the site and monitored object. With high- surveying process and the must therefore be supplied by resolution and independent measurement equipment. fuel cells. The development of measuring techniques and the The measured data of the power-boxes in combination deployment of modern means individual sensors (Leica total with fuel cells and batteries of communication, the reliability stations and Nivel220) are generates emission-free and quality of measurement collected in a master station electricity and runs the system results can be increased. (Leica ComBox20) and are self-sufficiently for several days These are essential prerequi- transferred, on the mobile or weeks. sites for monitoring tasks. Such internet (GSM/UMTS), to the control centre (Leica GeoMoS) By using Leica GeoMoS in the where the whole system is control centre, the data is vali- supervised. The connection dated on the basis of filter from the master station to the criteria, processed and stored different sensors is done via in a database. If any measure- cable and/or wireless connec- ment results exceeds set limits tions and the data transfer and satisfies the filter conditions, interfaces are serial RS232/485 the messaging system notifies and TCP/IP protocols. the appropriate people in charge.

Via the SMS service, the connetion These messages are sent via status (e.g. UMTS signal strength) e-mail and SMS service. After of the master station can be the messages are sent, further queried and in addition, the action will be taken based on Power-Box (fuel cell) and ComBox station may also be rebooted set regulations. This begins in the event of various faults in with a consultation of the a monitoring system increases the communication. Since the monitoring data through the the efficiency and flexibility of project is in rural areas, the Leica web portal GeoMoS Web, the construction and therefore power of the monitoring system then a site visit if necessary, allows costs to be saved (e.g. is somewhat more complicated. which can lead to immediate insurance premiums for con- Before the construction of the closure of the railway operation. structions, manual monitoring new bridge, mains electricity costs, etc.).

Leica Geosystems AG Heinrich-Wild-Strasse CH-9435 Heerbrugg Switzerland Phone +41 71 727 31 31

www.leica-geosystems.com Leica Geosystems TruStory GNSS Observation of Volcanic Activities in Sakurajima

Objective Volcano monitoring to predict volcanic eruptions

Customer/Institution Geosurf Corporation Disaster Prevention Research Institute Kyoto University, Sakurajima Volcanological Observatory

Date Start August 1994

Location Kagoshima Prefecture, Japan

Sakurajima is a volcano on the permission, within a 2 km range island of Kyushu. It is located of the Minami-dake crater. on the southern edge of the Aira Caldera and erupts from The volcanic explosion in October the summit of Sakurajima. This 1955 (Showa 30) was the starting summit is split into three peaks point for volcanic eruption predictions known as the Kita-dake (the at the Disaster Prevention Research northern peak), the Naka-dake Institute, and transitive volcanic (the central peak) and the Minami- activities have been monitored dake (the southern peak). The attentively ever since. In June 1956 Project Summary volcano is located in close (Showa 31), observation of volcanic Instruments proximity to the densely popu- activity in the mountain summits Leica GMX902GG Receiver lated Kagoshima city area. It is was on a full-scale level and it was Leica GRX1200 Receiver very active and is known to be determined that the duration would Leica AX antenna the largest active volcano in be of a long-term continual nature. Leica AT502 antenna Japan. The crater at Sakurajima’s This prompted the necessity to Software Minami-dake summit erupted in consider the construction of a Leica GNSS Spider October 1955 (Showa 30). Since permanent observation facility. Geosurf RIP (developed by Geosurf then, the volcano has been The Sakurajima Volcanological Corporation) spewing volcanic products Observatory was inaugurated in Communication (volcanic gas, ashes, lapillus December 1960 (Showa 35) and Internet and cinders), and creating earth originally constructed as an auxiliary Challenge and rock avalanches, which facility to the Disaster Prevention Monitoring volcanic eruptions and continues to cause damage in Research Institute and was endorsed predicting volcanic eruptions by every direction. Because of this, by the Ministry of Education, Science, utilizing the GNSS system no person is allowed, without Sports and Culture. Emphasis is placed on seismic GPS + GLONASS reception observation and ground deformation - The latest version of Leica GNSS observation, both of which are Spider was installed on the conducted at the Sakurajima analysis software Volcanological Observatory. In - The implementation of GEOSURF order to capture a versatile picture RIP enabled confirmation of and reach a comprehensive under- positional data standing, additional observation - The enablement of GNSS content is made sequentially obser- receiver operation from remote GPS antenna at “Kurogami” site vation to attain diversified observation. areas (by Leica GNSS Spider) was In Spring 1994 (Heisei 6), a total accomplished Characteristics of the new GNSS of 18 dual frequency GPS Leica - Back-up of observed data through receiver model SR299E receivers were installed, the implementation of CF cards Leica Leica with 9 receivers at Kirishima on the newest receivers (Leica GRX1200 GMX902 GG

Volcano Station and 9 at the GRX1200) was performed in the GPS ü ü

Sakurajima Volcano Station. GPS event of problems with trans- GLONASS ü ü

Network Monitoring started in mission. Dual frequency ü ü

August of the same year. Electricity 4W 2W consumption Network System Coverage Leica SmartTrack ü ü Web interface ü ü

CF card ü ü

Leica GNSS Spider ü o connection

Monitoring system setup Improvements were made in longterm reliability and static observation, by implementing Leica Geosystems “SmartTrack” function. Also, the Network range is 70km x 300km web interface makes it possible to remotely control multiple receivers Network System Configuration by using one computer terminal, An upgrade of the GPS Network Locations of 9 observation stations eliminating the necessity to go to System began in 2005 (Heisei 17) in the Sakurajima network the observation station to modify and consisted of the latest in the receiver configuration. receiver and analysis software. Establishment of Observation Additionally, a CompactFlash card The GPS network revision resulted Stations is used as a backup function for in improvements in the positional The Leica GMX902 GG GNSS receivers the observation data. This is system, system reliability and were newly implemented and particularly beneficial in volcano system efficiency. installed in 2 brand new observation monitoring and observation, where - The implementation of the latest stations and the Leica GRX1200 circumstances do not necessarily GNSS receiver resulted in the was updated in the existing observati- guarantee the stability of transmitted GNSS Network System enabling on station. data. With 1 GB, the CF card can hold up to7 weeks’ worth of data. “GEOSURF RIP” is a system equipped is possible to attain the estimated The GMX902GG design is compact with a coordinate transformation pressure source positioning and and solid and is a GNSS receiver function and converts coordinated magma output volume from such that was exclusively developed for measurements taken by “Leica data, as well as other observations, monitoring purposes. GNSS Spider” using WGS84/ITRF which in turn lead to and enable into the local frame of reference volcanic eruption prediction. Observation Data and Analysis and it simultaneously performs “Leica GNSS Spider” and “GEOSURF noise elimination. RIP” are both installed on the same Additionally, “GEOSURF RIP” utilizes computer terminal for analysis of the interface which displays a observation data, which is then sent simple and graphic image of the to the Volcanological Observatory. horizontal position, height, and The main function of “Leica GNSS directional position on the monitor Spider” is positional analysis. screen. Horizontal displacement vector from Oct 2009 to Oct 2010 when Horizontal Variation reference station is SVOG Variation of the horizontal vector is a key element in the analysis of Conclusion volcanic observation. The recent update in the observing The following diagram displays system resulted in an improvement horizontal direction movements, of positional accuracy. from the past year. The displayed movements originate from the Main GUI of “Geosurf RIP” respective observation stations. It

Leica Geosystems AG Heinrich-Wild-Strasse CH-9435 Heerbrugg Switzerland Phone +41 71 727 31 31 www.leica-geosystems.com Leica Geosystems TruStory Monitoring to Secure an Area With Hydrogeological Instability

Scope/Objective Automatic and continuous monitoring of a mountain slope affected by hydrogeological instability

Customer/Institution The Region of Valle d’Aosta

Challenge Continuous monitoring of any movements in the area for activation of the Civil Protection plan

Date July 2009 - ongoing

Location Valle d’Aosta, Italy

The Aosta Valley (Valle d‘Aosta) Since 2000 the Region of Valle is a mountainous semi-auto- d’Aosta and the department for nomous region in north-western “Inspectorate for public works, soil Italy. It is bordered by Rhône- conservation and water resources Alpes, France to the west, – Geological Service” have carried Valais, Switzerland to the north out a series of surveys in order to Project Summary and the region of Piedmont to gain in-depth knowledge on the Instruments the south and east. With an instability and to understand its Leica TCA2003 Total Station area of 3,263 km2 (1,260 sq dynamics. Leica NIVEL210 Tilt Sensor mi) and a popu-lation of about Leica GMX902 GG 130,000, it is the smallest and As a result, today this area is moni- Leica AS10 least densely populated region tored 24 hours, 7 days a week with Leica GMX901 with communication box Leica Geosystems Monitoring prisms of Italy. It is an Alpine valley a fully automatic and integrated Master Unit PC that, with its side valleys, deformation monitoring system. Software includes the Italian slopes of The system combines geodetic Leica GeoMoS Monitor the Mont Blanc (Monte Bianco), and geotechnical instrumentation Leica GNSS Spider Monte Rosa and the Matterhorn. as well as ground radar measure- SystemAnywhere (data synchronisa- ments. tion & calculations) and Analysis (data Some areas are affected by slope Based on the surveying results of view) instability called DGPV (Deep-seated the last years and the importance Communication Gravitational Slope). The main of the regions, dedicated monitoring Wireless LAN State Road 26 section accessing points on the slopes have been GSM/GPRS the Mont Blanc Tunnel, as well as selected for automatic deformation Office the districts of Entrev and Palud are monitoring and stability analysis. Analysis influenced. About 30 monitoring prism and 5 reference prisms are installed. of the buffer battery on site. The These prisms are measured with a power system consists of solar Benefits Leica TCA2003 total station every panels and a methanol tank system. - Study of landslide dynamics Protecting the safety of the hour. The total station is installed A special electronic device controls population in a stable area with a pillar secured automatically and intelligently the - Analysis and study of an to a rock on site. In addition, a correct power input to the monitoring efficient integrated approach dual axis inclination sensor Leica equipment between the solar panel to multisensor monitoring Nivel210 is installed to verify the and the methanol tank system. stability of the station with an independent sensor. Near to the The complete automatic monitoring located in the headquarters of Leica TCA2003 total station, a system is left unattended in the the customer. This SystemAnywhere separate GMX902 GG receiver with remote environment of the Aosta retrieves the pure raw data and Leica AS10 antenna is installed. Valley. The total station and the then automatically computes the Also, several Leica GMX901 have Leica GMX receivers are managed total station corrections as been installed with co-located by Leica GeoMoS and Leica GNSS orientation, free station, ppm etc. prisms that record data with 1Hz. Spider, which are installed on a Total station and GNSS baselines The monitoring prisms and the master computer (embedded in- are combined and limit checks Leica GMX901 are installed over dustrial PC), located inside the total computed. the slope to monitor critical posi- station measurement hut. The tions. total station, the Leica GMX902 GG In case the three different set limit sensor and the Leica Nivel are thresholds are exceeded, the Commonly for alpine valleys, human connected via cable to the master reponsible staff member in charge access to the monitoring sensors is computer and the GMX901 sensors is informed and the required actions very limited. All installed equipment are connected via 5GHz wireless are taken to ensure the safety in requires a reliable and autonomous link. the Aosta Valley. energy source that guarantees that As a result, the monitoring system the equipment works properly. Due The acquired raw data from Leica includes two independent geodetic to the amount of snow and the GeoMoS and Leica GNSS Spider is measuring sensors, total station reduced solar irradiation during downloaded from the monitoring and GNSS data, that increase the winter months, a combined power site, with the software called reliability of the system. The data supply system was installed for SystemAnywhere, to another dedi- is correlated for further evaluation. continuous power and recharging cated monitoring system computer This autonomous monitoring system is beneficial for the Aosta Valley, as continuous monitoring data is collected and analysed providing detailed deformation information. In addition, messages are sent to notify the required personnel of exceeded limit levels providing advance warning of possible problems and protecting the safety of the local population.

Leica Geosystems AG Heinrich-Wild-Strasse CH-9435 Heerbrugg Switzerland Phone +41 71 727 31 31 www.leica-geosystems.com Leica Geosystems TruStory Rail Tunnel Monitoring in Sochi/Russia

www.tunnels.ru

Objective Rail tunnel monitoring during construction

Customer/Institution Tunneldorstroy

Date 2011 – ongoing

Location Sochi/Russia A railway tunnel near Sochi in the existing tunnel to detect pos- the Russian Krasnodar region is sible deformations resulting from being monitored as part of the the construction of the road tunnels construction preparations for and to detect possible problems the 2014 Winter Olympic Games. before they become critical. The tunnel is part of the only rail line for all passenger traffic Frequent trains and the necessity to the Sochi resort area from of acquiring data every two hours central parts of Russia and for made it nearly impossible to perform cargo traffic supplying construc- classic methods of monitoring. tion sites in Sochi. Due to the Therefore, total stations and the planned construction of two automatic deformation monitoring road tunnels above the railways, system Leica GeoMoS were installed Project Summary the decision was made in 2011 and have been working around the Instruments to set up an automatic monitor- clock. Project planning recommended Leica TM30 Monitoring Sensors ing system for the existing tun- installing two Leica TM30 (1‘’) robotic Leica Geosystems Monitoring prisms nel. total stations in the middle of the Software existing rail tunnel to have line of Leica GeoMoS Monitor / Analyzer The company Tunneldorstroy is sight to all prisms and to measure Communication building two road tunnels, with a reliable data. These instruments - Ethernet via LAN cables and mobile total length of 770m, above the can achieve an angle accuracy of 1’’ Internet current rail tunnel. and a distance accuracy of 0.6mm + - Uninterrupted Power Supply (UPS) 1ppm. Automatic target recognition Out of concern for the safety of (ATR) allows the Leica TM30 to Challenge passenger and freight trains pass- reliably aim to the center of each Real-time deformation monitoring ing through the current tunnel, it reflector and thus to determine the among frequent rail traffic was decided to monitor a part of smallest deformations. Benefits Once the automatic monitoring system was installed, the system works beside all difficulties caused by lack of electricity and heavy train traffic absolutely reliable and delivers high accurate monitoring data

Because of an unreliable power along the entire rail tunnel structure. It is responsible for control of the supply inside the tunnel construction All points are measured every two total station, data acquisition, data area, an uninterrupted power supply hours. storage and automatic processing (UPS) and power conditioner had to of the instrument’s resection (free be set up for continuous operation Communication station computation). of the total stations and the com- The total stations are connected munication devices. to a GPRS/GSM modem installed In case of a deformation event an near one tunnel end by LAN cable SMS or email is sent to the respon- Four stable control prisms were and the Ethernet converters inside sible staff for further investigation mounted on each side of the tunnel. the rail tunnel. The communication and inspection of the deformation. These points are frequently checked between the total stations and the The monitoring data analysis includ- by an independent survey campaign. software is via TCP/IP and Mobile ing graphs and reports is completed Before the monitoring points are Internet. using Leica GeoMoS Analyzer. measured, each total station positions to the stable control prisms located Data Processing Center in the deformation-free area. The measurements of the Leica These measurements are used to TM30 total stations are managed by compute the actual total station the Leica GeoMoS. position and corrections (e.g. With an integrated TCP/IP connec- orientation or Vz correction) using tion GeoMoS is able to establish a resection calculations. For the actual bi-directional communication with monitoring, five monitoring prisms the total stations over the GPRS/ were installed in each tunnel profile. GSM modem and the tunnel LAN. The distances between the profiles The GeoMoS Monitor software is are between 1 to 5m. A total of installed at the Tunneldorstroy 196 monitoring prisms are located office on the other side of the city.

Leica Geosystems AG Heinrich-Wild-Strasse CH-9435 Heerbrugg Switzerland Phone +41 71 727 31 31 www.leica-geosystems.com Leica Geosystems TruStory Monitoring Bridge Structures Under Static Loads

Scope/Objective An innovative integrated surveying system applied in the monitoring of bridge structures under static loads

Customer/Institution Road and Bridge Research institute

Date April 2011 The Maria Skłodowska-Curie Bridge are ready to be used in many, usually (Polish: Most Marii Skłodowskiej- very distant, places in a short time. Location Curie, formerly North Bridge) is Moreover, the research body of the Warsaw, Poland a road bridge over the Vistula Road and Bridge Research Institute River in Warsaw, Poland. The road came across the idea of developing bridge in the capital of Poland new technology, which could bring links the northern suburbs of new possibilities and make the whole Białołęka and Bielany and opened process of static load testing more on 24 March 2012. The total comfortable and useful. length of the bridge is 795 m (the main river span is 160 m). The The new architecture of the North applied precise Nivel220 inclino- bridge load monitoring system meters network makes it possible comprises an integrated work Project Summary to measure the deflections of a between 20 precise Leica Nivel220 Instruments bridge construction under static inclinometers and a Leica TM30 Leica TM30 Monitoring Sensors loads without the necessity of Monitoring Sensor. Leica Nivel220 Precision Inclination using external reference points. Sensors The project has been implement- Monitoring Setup on the Bridge Leica GMP104 Monitoring Prisms ed in cooperation of the Road The Leica Nivel220 inclinometers have Leica GMP112 Prisms and Bridges Research Institute been placed in specially designed Software in Warsaw, Leica SU Poland and adapters, to detect deflections of Leica GeoMos Monitor + Analyzer O.N.T Krakow. the bridge construction. The adapters have to be attached to the bridge Additional Field Equipment The most typical application of the construction or set up along the Specially-designed adapters new system is deflection monitoring construction’s edge. Each Leica Power wires of different lengths of various bridge constructions, Nivel220 device is powered and (25 m, 50 m and 100 m) where installing mechanical sen- linked to the next one by cables, so Power supply system with backup sors would be very difficult or even that a network (maximum 32 pieces) batteries impossible (road traffic or intensive is built up. The first Leica Nivel220 Military toughbook exploitation of railway tracks). is attached to a “master station” consisting of a military toughbook, Communication Why a New Approach? power supply with backup battery Satelline radiomodems Before implementing the bridge load and an integrated radio modem. Bluetooth® Wireless Technology monitoring system, the customer From this “master station” the had been doing classical surveying monitoring data is sent to the Mobile on-site Office (leveling supported by precise monitoring office. Panasonic Toughbook measurements TDA5005 high-accurate 3rd party analytical software based industrial total station). Such The Leica TM30 total station is on Matlab® engine for reading data approaches were successful until operated via Bluetooth® technology, from the SQL database, calculating the the construction boom in Poland, making the whole application more bridge deflection curve and visualizing resulting in a necessity of applying flexible. & saving the data (in on-line mode) high-speed online systems, which Benefits • Flexible installation • Reliable and precise sensor network • Real-time data transmission • High accuracy and reliability of collected data

www.ibdim.edu.pl www.mostpolnocny.warszawa.pl

Data Analysis and Results Bridge monitoring was performed are invited to participate in practical The Leica GeoMoS monitoring soft- during construction works, final tests projects run on-site. The customer ware run in the monitoring office, and further exploitation of a structure. saves time in addition to getting schedules the Nivel220 readings The proposed and successfully more reliable and accurate data. Based and stores the data to the SQL implemented bridge load monitoring on the new amount of data, they database. Afterwards, a third party system brings many benefits for are able to implement new modeling application powered by Matlab® both its user and other customers. algorithms running on highly efficient core presents the results, by First of all, it can compete against computers, making examined con- modeling the data with special the classical methods mainly based structions safer and expressing real “spline-curves” algorithm. This on leveling. In many cases, a bridge behavior during the exploitation. application accesses the measured construction is unique, long and raw data from the SQL database extraordinary, making it difficult The designed bridge load monitoring and processes the data to the to perform time-consuming and system is one of the most precise particular demands of the project. in many cases erroneous leveling and at the same time flexible bridge methods. Moreover, a system user monitoring installations in Europe. In addition, the Nivel220 inclinometer can analyze constructions in real network is supported by total station time, considering static loads while The Road and Bridge Research surveying data (high accurate results examining bridge construction, Institute in Warsaw has been a key given by the Leica TM30 0,5’’ precise which is simply crucial. customer of Leica Geosystems total station) exemplifying the Poland since 2006. The area of deflection progress of the tested Customer Benefits common co-operation comprises bridge structure. Based on the The customer appreciates the highest integrated monitoring systems, surveying results (inclination angles) accuracy and reliability of collected precise leveling and high-accurate the system constantly determines monitoring data. That’s the reason total station surveying combined the height displacement line by why the institute has been using with innovative software and data- modeling the data with a specially- Leica Geosystems equipment, as base solutions. The project was developed algorithm using “spline- well as the constant and still thriving carried out by specialists from Road curves”. Moreover, the system cooperation between specialists and Bridge Research Institute under delivers very high accurate data as from both sides. Leica Geosystems, the supervision of Dr Ing. Piotr well as high frequency of sampling. responsible for the delivery of Olaszek in cooperation with: Dr Ing. instruments and accessories and Krzysztof Karsznia from Leica Conclusion also for the whole process of the Geosystems Poland. Dr Ing. Mariusz The system was tested on several project implementation. For example, Pauluk, Msc Ing. Miłosz Augustyński newly built as well as on already Leica Geosystems provides a full & Msc Ing. Paweł Bytnar from existing bridge structures, examined CCP service and maintenance in Oprogramowanie Naukowo Techniczne, under static loads, across Poland. aftersales. Very often, the specialists MathWorks distributor in Poland

Leica Geosystems AG Heinrich-Wild-Strasse CH-9435 Heerbrugg Switzerland Phone +41 71 727 31 31 www.leica-geosystems.com Leica Geosystems TruStory Monitoring a dam wall in a Polish Copper Ore Enrichment Facility (PL)

Scope Establishing a continuous, automatic monitoring system for a section of an extremely large dam wall.

Customer KGHM Polska Mied SA (Polish Copper), Hydrotechnical Department (HD), Rudna (Lubin), Western Poland.

Date December 2008 - Ongoing

Location

View from the monitoring hut towards the tailings dam wall.

In December 2008 the first water. 4-5 m3/t of enriched ore monitoring project in Poland are sent to flotation and the tailings for the KGHM Polska Miedz SA generated by this process are in Project Summary (Polish Copper) Company was the form of a liquid slime. Solids Instruments started. Located in western represent 6.5-8.7% of the volume. Leica GMX902 GG Poland, KGHM Polska Mied SA These tailings are then transported Leica GRX1200 GG Pro (Polish Copper) is the largest by pipe to the tailings pond. Leica TCA2003 company in the region, employing Leica Nivel210 approximately 18000 people. The tailings dam covers an area of Leica prisms At present it is the 10th larg- approximately 1400 ha. The total Software est copper producer in the length of the dam wall is 14.3 km Leica GeoMoS world. long. The project scope involves Leica GNSS Spider establishing a continuous, automatic Self developed database converter The tailings dam, Zelazny Most monitoring system for the eastern (“Iron Bridge”) belongs to the section of the tailings’ dam wall. Other copper ore enrichment facilities, STS meteo sensor managed by the Hydrotechnical Traditionally, the dam wall was Division. The purpose of this division monitored using classical surveys Benefits: is to manage the flow of tailings techniques involving TPS and dis- • Increased productivity from the three ore enrichment tance angular movements. Due to • Safety control facilities, which process the copper rising geotechnical problems with • Increased data analysis ore using the flotation method. the dam slopes, such as landslides, • Data modeling for scientific purposes The process of flotation requires the mine operators decided to • Cost savings the use of large amounts of change technology. After a very detailed and thorough antenna is co-located with a prism Benefits analysis, the mine operators choose for the reference and orientation The Leica Monitoring Solution Leica Geosystems automatic of the TCA2003 total station. The with integration geological soft- monitoring system, GeoMoS. The second is co-located at the top ware (SyZeM) has been a major Hydrotechnical Department is very measurement hut with the total improvement in productivity and demanding and strongly relies on station to get absolute coordinates data analysis of the stability of international experts’ opinions. All of the total station inside the the slope monitoring in com- their specialists recognize Leica unstable area. parison with the previous manual Geosystems and believe it’s a survey. The prediction of slope synonym of precision, high quality Leica GNSS Spider provides the failures can be done in real-time and robustness. GNSS receiver control and real-time and the safety is improved. data collection. The GNSS raw Leica Monitoring Solution data is collected every 6 hours per In addition the GNSS reference Initially in 2008, a 2 km section of baseline (one from the reference station is not only used as a sta- the dam wall would be monitored station outside to the co-located ble reference point for the moni- with a Leica TCA2003 total station prism and one to the co-located toring system. It is also used to and approx. 30 Leica prisms. The total station). A highly precise broadcast RTK corrections as a monitored area of the dam wall is Spider Post Processing Product is commercial service. The local land subdivided into different sections created. surveyors that use these correc- based on the expected movements. tions provide additional income to In general the operator expects The TCA2003 total station is the mine. around 0.05 meter movement per controlled via Leica GeoMoS year. Monitor, which also retrieves the GNSS base-line results. All the data is combined and stored to the open GeoMoS SQL database. The KGHM monitoring department is in charge of the automatic monitoring systems and reacts to limit messages.

Based on the requirements of KGHM, specially designed software retrieves with SQL statements the New Reference Station outside of the move- computed GeoMoS displacements ment area. and transfers them to another For an independent coordinate especially developed software. check of the Leica TCA2003 total This software provides the very station and their stable reference specific graphical representation prisms, a GNSS reference station for international experts on slope is built outside of the monitoring stability and open pit mining. area and two GNSS GMX902GG receivers and antennas are installed The communication of all instru- inside the expected deformation ments is established using LAN area. One of these GNSS receiver/ and WiFi networks. Monitoring hut antenna

Leica Geosystems AG Heinrich-Wild-Strasse CH-9435 Heerbrugg Switzerland Phone +41 71 727 31 31 www.leica-geosystems.com Leica Geosystems TruStory Concrete Dam Monitoring in Montereale Valcellina (IT)

Scope/Objective Automatic and continuous monitoring of the Ravedis mass gravity concrete dam

Customer/Institution Consorzio di Bonifica Cellina Meduna

Challenge Continuous automatic monitoring of the behaviour of the structure on a daily basis

Date Operational since November 2011

Location Montereale Valcellina

Automatic monitoring system with dual station operation with the Leica TM30 station.

The Ravedis dam is located in system formed by meteorological, the municipality of Montereale geotechnical and geodetic sensors. Valcellina (PN), in the area where the Cellina torrent, (tributary of The topographic monitoring sys- the Livenza river) runs from the tem is formed by two Leica TM30 mountain section to the valley monitoring total stations, one section, spreading out over the located upstream and the other Friulian plain in the province of downstream of the Ravedis reser- Project Summary Pordenone. It is a mass gravity voir. Each measuring total station Instruments concrete dam, measuring 68 m is fed by a 220 VCC cabinet with Leica TM30 Monitoring Sensor high with a reservoir storage buffer battery. All the equipment Leica Geosystems Monitoring prisms volume of 22.6 million m3. The has been suitably housed and Rover Unit primary function of the basin is protected inside purpose-built Software to detain the overflow from the structures. The monitoring prisms Leica GeoMoS Monitor SystemAnywhere (data synchronization Livenza river, its secondary uses have been arranged along the & calculations) and Analysis (data view) are irrigation and hydroelectricity. crown of the dam, both on the Communication upstream and downstream side, Wireless LAN The conditions sheet for operating in correspondence with significant GSM/GPRS and maintaining dams show an structural elements and with other Office instruction regarding the periodic geotechnical sensors. Monitoring Teamviewer control of the structure through prisms have also been placed on a complex integrated monitoring the stabilisted slopes at the back of the reservoir in order to verify analysis software with automatic the area’s stability. graphic data representation are Benefits installed on the dedicated computer Acquisition of a homogeneous and The communication between the in this dam control centre guard- comparable database for an indepth total stations and the control house. study of the dam’s behaviour during centre (Centro di controllo), placed Responsible staff can access the the filling and emptying phases of the reservoir and correlation with in the guardhouse of the dam, is monitoring system, consult measurments acquired from other achieved with a 5 GHz Wireless measurements and amend the sensors LAN. parameters thereof remotely The monitoring system software, through appropriate remote Leica GeoMoS, and the local data software.

Graphs of the measurements acquired from the topographical monitoring system are produced on a monthly basis and compared with the reservoir levels.

This system represents an example of an innovative approach to continuous, automatic and preventive control of complex structures inserted into problematic environmental contexts.

Layout of the Monitoring Stations

Prism points measured by both Total Stations Total station 1 (Postazione 1)

Leica Geosystems AG Heinrich-Wild-Strasse CH-9435 Heerbrugg Switzerland Phone +41 71 727 31 31 www.leica-geosystems.com Leica Geosystems TruStory Automated Deformation Monitoring Apollo Bridge, Bratislava, Slovakia

Company Department of Surveying of the STU Bratislava

Challenge Deformation due traffic load and external conditions (e.g. temperature)

Date October 2010

Location Bratislava, Slovakia

The Apollo Bridge is one of five modern and often very complex road bridges across the Danube structure of these objects underlines in Bratislava, connecting the the importance of high accurate centre of the city with the measurements of their movements. district Petržalka. The traffic load and temperature changes Bridge Structure cause deformation of the bridge The Apollo Bridge is one of the most Project structure. In addition, the use important transportation corridors Instruments of the developed automated in Bratislava, the capital of Slovakia. Leica TS30 measurement system (AMS) for The traffic load, the changes Danube Leica Nivel200 Series long term monitoring allows the water level and many other factors Leica Viva GNSS Department of Surveying of the influence the basic function and Meteo sensor STU Bratislava to determine safety of the bridge. The steel Software actual information about the bridge has a total length of 517.5 m Leica GeoMoS deformation of the main structure and consists of eight sections; Data logging software in real time. The AMS consists the main section is an arch steel of the Leica TS30 high-precision structure with a span length of Objectives total station with Automated 231.0 m and an arch height of 36 m. - 3D determination of bridge Target Recognition (ATR), a deformation Leica Viva GS15 and GPS1200+ The main structure of the bridge - Measurement of bridge deck GNSS receiver, and a Leica consists of two steel arches and the vibrations using accelerometers Nivel 220 inclination sensors deck. The bridge deck consists of - Synchronisation of system as well as accelerometers. 6 sections with spans of 52.5 m, components 2 x 61.0 m, 63.0 m, 231.0 m and - Feasibility study for the long-term One of the main safety tasks of 49.0 m, separated by dilatations monitoring of all bridges across the civil engineering structures is the and supported by 5 bridge piers. Danube in Bratislava measurement of deformation. The Only one of the piers supporting Benefits - Real Time 3D Monitoring

- Easy Monitoring Configuration

- Effectiveness of measuring real time deformation

- Robust sensors suitable for permanent monitoring

the bridge floor is positioned in the GPS1200+. The measurement cycles and data processing in each river. The top of bridge arches is system was completed by Leica 146 epochs. The Leica Viva GS15 36.0 m above the bridge deck. The Nivel210 inclinometer sensor, a and GPS1200+ use GPS (NAVSTAR) main bridge deck with arches was Reinhardt DFT-1 metrological station, and GLONASS satellite signals. constructed on the river bank and and 13 standard prisms (GPR1) The second part of the system then moved (rotated) to the final from Leica Geosystems. The angle comprises of two Leica Nivel 220 position over the piers and cross- and distance measurements were inclination sensors and four 1D ing the river. This operation of 36 made by Leica TS30 using Leica HBM B12/200 accelerometers. hour duration was fully navigated GeoMoS and the ATR function The measured data is registered and monitored by geodetic technology. every 10 minutes in two faces with 1 Hz and 10 Hz frequency. with automated data acquisition. The homogeneity of data and Monitoring System Setup The inclination sensor controls synchronisation of the notebook The measurement system was the stability of the total station time are achieved by using special positioned according to the geometry position on the pillar. All three time server LTS, which use the GPS of bridge structure and consists of devices are connected to the time signal from GPS satellites. geodetic and geotechnical sensors personal computer and the The accuracy of this time signal connected to the Leica GeoMoS measurement data is sent directly is ± 5 msec and the time signal software. The geodetic sensors to the computer with the Leica from LTS is transferred via WiFi are a motorised Leica TS30 high- GeoMoS Monitoring software antennas with 5 GHz operation precision total station, and GNSS installed, which is also used for frequency. receivers; Leica Viva GS15 and controlling the measurement

Longitudinal section with observed points. data. The horizontal deformation in the perpendicular direction to the bridge’s roadway (Y) was relatively small; the most intensive changes were registered on the 28th October 2010 at 09:00, this was caused by both the sun shine and the traffic load. The biggest deformation was registered at the point PBH02 with an absolute value of 14.2 mm. The deforma- tion in the parallel direction to that bridge’s roadway (X) indicates a trend of the movement of the structure according to the temper- ature changes. The bridge structure (deck) is fixed at pillar No.10, which avoids the movement of the structure in the longitudinal direction. Pillar No.11, at the left side (Bratislava) of the river bank, is equipped with a joint that allows movement of the bridge structure Cross section with observed points. in the longitudinal direction. Automated Monitoring of the measured values were sent to be With an increasing distance from Bridge Structure processed by the Leica GeoMoS pillar No.10 the bridge structure For 24 hours, between the 27th software. The accuracy of the 3D trends to longitudinal deformation, and 28th October 2010, automated position for the observed points which is mainly caused by monitoring was used to measure was less than 1.0 mm. temperature changes. The the bridge. The aim of the bridge The GNSS Leica Viva GS15 was to maximum value of 18.4 mm is monitoring was to determine: static mode measurement and registered at point PBH02 on the - 3D displacements of observed receiving data at an update rate 27th October 2010 at 16:00. The points, positioned at the bridge of 1 Hz was used to determine minimum deformation was floor and at the top of bridge the horizontal displacement of predicted at points PBH10 and arch measured by total station, the top arch. All the data was PBH11, which corresponded with - horizontal displacements of the stored in the internal receiver’s observed point on top of the memory (SD memory card). The bridge arch measured by GNSS Leica Nivel220 inclinometers, sensors, registered with 1 Hz frequency - longitudinal and cross inclination were used to determine the of the bridge measured by longitudinal and cross inclination inclinometers, of the bridge. The vibration of the - vertical vibration of the bridge bridge deck was monitored by deck measured by the one-axial accelerometers HBM accelerometers. B12/200 (in vertical direction) The stability of the pillar, with the with a sample rate of 10 Hz. Leica TS30 mounted on it, was controlled by measuring to the Data Processing and Results neighbourhood control points The results of the 24 hour situated on the riverbank. The measurements were time synchro- measurement results were nized data sets from total stations, corrected taking the inclination GNSS, inclination sensors, Leica Viva GS15 GNSS receiver on top of of the pillar into account and all accelerometers, and meteorological the bridge arch. the largest value 5.0 mm The Apollo Bridge project was used and we hope that will therefore registered at these points on the to show the personal (department) lead to permanent monitoring of 28th October 2010 at 05:30. responsible for the bridge all the bridges on the Danube in The vibration of the bridge deck maintenance the effectiveness of Bratislava in the future. is described by the measured measuring real time deformation vertical accelerations. The from traffic and temperature. The For more information please registered data sets build time project has proven the use and visit: http://www.svf.stuba.sk/ series with high variations. The the feasibility of automatic generate_page.php?page_id=3486 vertical movement of the bridge deformation monitoring systems deck was derived from these data sets in the form of trend curves. Amplitudes, frequency characteristics of the structure were determined using frequency analysis. The maximum amplitude (deformation) of 19.0 mm was measured at PBH04 on the afternoon of the 27th October 2010. Significant frequencies at level of 0.98, 2.18, 2.88 Hz were calculated, which fit together with the theoretical fre- quency spectrum of the structure calculated by the designer. Different behaviour (response) of the bridge was derived (described) from these data sets according different effects the air conditions and the traffic. Horizontal displacement of obervation point VB16 located on a pillar head.

The graphic shows the vertical displacement of observed points.

Leica Geosystems AG Heinrich-Wild-Strasse CH-9435 Heerbrugg Switzerland Phone +41 71 727 31 31 www.leica-geosystems.com 30 | Reporter 66 Weak Foundations Weak on Loads Heavy nearly 100 nearly pipes steel site, pier At the foundations. weak by caused subsidence consolidation to prevent re-filled and improved to be needed soil portion, landfill the In airport. present to the connected all a taxiway, and ofpiers, platforms land, ofreclaimed consisting Bay, Tokyo in ofTama River mouth the at structure hybrid first Japan’s on constructed was D-Runway runway. the of safety the ence influ can movements large as operation, safe daily. Continuous monitoring for is important runway constructed newly the on land and off take each, tons of hundreds weighing airplanes Heavy land. reclaimed on located is it as build, to a was Haneda structure complex tional Airport The newly opened D-Runway at Tokyo Interna Tokyo at D-Runway opened newly The Dr. Zhang Yun and Nii Kazuhiro by od, the connection between landfill/pier as well as as well as landfill/pier between connection the od, meth construction and structure complex this With smoothly. flowing river the to keep it around built was Acover intervals.

m l ong were sunk into the sea at specified specified at sea the into sunk were ong - - - restriction. height airport the outside points at installed were they taxiway the at and operation, aircraft with ence interfer to avoid sides pier and landfill the at way run the near level ground at installed were Antennas structures. different the in joints the at movements the to measure joints the across positions these in installed were points oftwo sets positions; relative oftwo movements the measures system The opened. was runway the since quakes earth during movements any as well as changes ular sec monitoring been have and installed were points monitoring of GNSS Dozens characteristics. plex com its with runway ofthe management and nance mainte for designed was system monitoring The System the of Installation in a satisfactory condition for safe operation or not. or operation safe for condition asatisfactory in is D-Runway whether to assess used criteria of the one is ofmovement amount the as earthquakes, ing mustments be accurately measured, dur especially Move change. to secular due to sink and/or moving to be assumed were pier/taxiway between joints the ------

© Kanto Regional Development Bureau, MLIT Ocean University. ([email protected]) Ocean University. Shanghai the at aprofessor isalso He Corporation. Geosurf at Engineer System Dr. Chief is Yun Zhang ([email protected]) integration. GNSS system with experience of years 14 has He Corporation. Geosurf at President Vice tive and Execu NiiKazuhiro is Chief Technology Officer authors: the About runway. the on installed seismometer the from signals trigger electric receiving by earthquakes of times end and start exact the capture can system (inter-quartile range). monitoring earthquake The IQR by caused values false deleting after medians final getting by results ofthe accuracy the improve 20 at data from nates 3D coordi ofthe median each TCP/IP. calculates It by communication, socket via Spider to Leica points monitoring from data LB2 transferring analysis, time an earthquake. Constant monitoring real performs of processing post and monitoring, earthquake ing, and runwaymonitor tasks: constant taxiway airport ofthree consists broadly system processing The data in files to the government server. collected uploads then and runway, the on based coordinates to plane coordinates geodetic world converts It Geosystems. Leica by developed uniquely message aGGQ with software Geosurf to the results 20 at data the analyzes tinuously con Spider server. the on running (Tokyo, Japan), are Corp. Geosurf partner Geosystems’ Leica by oped devel D-Runway, for software monitoring designed custom and Spider GNSS Leica Both building. ment Depart Fire the in room control monitoring the in located server the by analyzed to and ferred Monitoring data captured on the runwayis trans &Analysis Collection Data (0.39 of10 accuracy ahorizontal to maintain signals GLONASS using data collects also system the so ity, activ aircraft by disrupted be may reception data ground, the in put were antennas Since earthquake. ofan middle the in even performed be can tioning posi so it around absorber avibration fixing by lated iso seismically was antenna The runway. the near than rather airport, ofthe side the at building east Department’s Fire of the roof the on installed were antenna GNSS AX1203+ an with GG GMX902 A Leica

in).

H z every two hours. It can also also can It hours. two z every

H z and outputs the the outputs z and

m m ------

© Kanto Regional Development Bureau, MLIT Source: Wikipedia destinations. to new routes as well as routes, ing exist on frequencies increased year, permitting per to 407,000 movements movements 285,000 from designed to increase Haneda's operational capacity was 2010. in runway This completed was and field air existing ofthe south to the reclamation land via constructed was D-Runway, runway, fourth The expansion. to outpace continued 1970, in demand pleted but com were terminal international an and runway new A to swell. airport the at traffic passenger causing citizens, its on restrictions travel lifted 1964,In Japan runway was completed. to 800 extended was runway first 1939 In airport's the complex. airport oftoday's end south the at land ofwaterfront piece 1931 in opened asmall on first Airfield Haneda The Haneda Airport International Tokyo The of LeicaGeosystemsGlobal Magazine |31

m a nd a second 800 asecond nd

m ( 2,625

f t) - - - Leica Geosystems TruStory Monitoring of Excavation Slopes in an Open Pit Mine

Objective Automatic deformation monitoring combined with a mining control system

Customer/Institution Bełchatów http://www.kwbbelchatow.pgegiek.pl/

Date 2009 – ongoing

Location Bełchatów, Poland

The Bełchatów is a large brown After this decision, the customer, coal mine in the centre of Poland, mining experts and the local Leica 150 km west of the capital, Warsaw. Geosystems representatives worked Bełchatów quarries brown coal in closely together to design a monitoring open pit mining with a surface of system concept with a technical over 30 sq. km. The operator is feasibility and implementation the Polish Energy Group – Open planning. Pit Mine Bełchatów. Due to the increasing demands for mine Monitoring System Layout Project Summary efficiency and slope stability in The monitoring system consists of Instruments the excavation area, the customer two total stations and a small GNSS Leica TCA2003 Total Station decided in 2006 to implement reference network to establish known Leica TCA1201M Total Station an automatic monitoring system stable points. The main total station Leica Geosystems prisms combined with a mining control TCA2003, which works permanently, Leica GMX902 GG system. is situated in a measuring container Leica GRX1200 GG that is airconditioned and equipped Software Leica GeoMoS Monitor / Analyzer The Polish Energy Group required a with a hydraulic levelling system. The Leica GNSS Spider system for the automatic monitoring hydraulic levelling system is used for Communication of slope stability in combination with levelling the container. The stability WLAN or GPRS a risk management system, which of the container and the inside total controls the excavation. After a station is determined by post- Challenge consultancy period for the project, processing a GNSS baseline to a Continuous deformation monitoring the customer selected Leica Monitoring GNSS antenna at the top of the of the slopes’ dynamics and the salt Solution for the slope stability container. This GNSS antenna links piercing fold beneath the mining area monitoring as it has online 24/7 the total station and the measuring data acquisition and analysis software. container with a GNSS reference Benefits - Fully automated and combined monitoring system with total stations and GNSS - Open system architecture for the interaction with other applications (e.g. mining control system)

station situated on an adjacent values between the GNSS antenna data for analysis and storage in an area, which is stable and free from and the total stations as well as open SQL database. As a result, the any influences imposed by the mine. the GNSS antenna and the prisms customer observes the slope stability Apart from the permanently working are applied within the monitoring displacements in a local coordinate total station, there is a second Leica software Leica GeoMoS. In addition, system. TCA1201M total station, that is used a meteo sensor is installed inside the for semi-automatic monitoring in Bełchatów mine and the total stations System approval and benefits areas of the mine where access is slope distances are corrected with The automatic monitoring system quite difficult, but monitoring is still the atmospheric corrections. deployment for the Bełchatów necessary, although not constant. brown coal mine was completed Communication with a final acceptance test based Slope Monitoring A permanent data transfer between on functioning and accuracy checks Both total stations are continuously each total station and the GNSS of the entire system. The installed measuring over 50 monitoring points antenna / receivers to the centralized system monitors the mining slopes located on the slopes directly around computer runs over a wireless network. and the open pit ground. It reduces them, as well as on the ground of The monitoring communication has the risk of slope failures during the an underground salt piercing fold, the ability to switch automatically, coal excavation, provides a continuous which divides the mining area into for example in the case of wireless control of the slopes’ dynamics, as two excavation pits (Szczerców and network disturbances, from the well as the possibility of applying Bełchatów). The underground salt WLAN to the mobile Internet with integrated management of the mine’s piercing fold is a geological structure, GPRS as a backup solution. work. Moreover, the salt piercing fold to be more detailed, a layer of salt that impacts the mining excavation beneath the mining area. Data collection and analysis is under control. The slope stability The GNSS reference frame consists The data acquisition and baseline monitoring project in the Bełchatów of three two-frequency GNSS computation of the GNSS reference mine was the first monitoring project receivers. One Leica GRX1200GG Pro network is operated by the GNSS for Leica Geosystems Poland set at the reference station and two Spider software. The total stations out in a mining area. The customer Leica GMX902GG; one of which is are controlled with the GeoMoS appreciates the robustness of Leica located on the roof of a measuring Monitor software. In addition, the Geosystems products as well as the container and the second is colocated GeoMoS Monitor software retrieves high accurate data they provides. with prisms for the stable orientation the GNSS baselines coordinates of the total station. The offset from GNSS Spider and combines the

Leica Geosystems AG Heinrich-Wild-Strasse CH-9435 Heerbrugg Switzerland Phone +41 71 727 31 31 www.leica-geosystems.com Leica Geosystems TruStory Monitoring System for Hong Kong Airport Express Line

Challenge There are 3 sections of railways settlement measurement, included tunnel, trough and ballasted sections of total 1.2km, total 18 Total Stations and 600 prisms needed for measurement, Leica GeoMoS measurement cycle with 2 hours each. Running for 24 hours for 36 months non-stop. There are only 2 hours at night and 2-3 days per week to get the installation work and the tasks needed to be finished in two months time. After the system running, everyday, it is necessary to get a line safety report on 5:00am morning to all the related engineers and station manager for status of the railway in order to commerce the construction work.

Customer The Kowloon-Canton Railway Corporation/ Hong Kong

Date The Kowloon Southern Link project connects the East Rail with the West Rail of the December 2005 Kowloon-Canton Railway. Project Summary Instruments The Kowloon Southern Link (KSL) the construction works do not Leica TCA2003 and prisms will be a 3.8 km connection have serious structural effect and Field Metro sensor, stand, pillar, between the East and West Rail distributing daily operation and cable running for 2 km. in Hong Kong. The construction safety of the Airport Express Rail, Office of the $8.3 billion KSL is an Automatic Deformation Workstatons, Web Server with Web Interface, scheduled for completion in 2009. Monitoring System is deployed Leica GeoMoS Professional The Kowloon-Canton Railway mainly to continuously monitor Corporation (KCRC) in Hong Kong settlement along the affected rail Benefits: acquired an Automation track. • Real time continue monitoring system with Deformation Monitoring System SMS, email alert, web interface for client to get the data in real time. from Leica Geosystems in The 1.2km track is divided into • Continue monitor the progress of the December 2005 for continuously three different sections (600m, contractor work if the work disturb the monitoring settlement and overall 210m and 400m) for continuously railway systems deformation of a section of monitoring where cover ballasted • Eliminate the 24 hours manual measurement existing Airport Express Railway. section, trough section and tunnel on MTRC railway and tunnel which are section. A pair of mini prisms with dangerous and labour intensive. The Kowloon Southern Link project is tailor-made protection is installed • Complement the existing geotechnical a 3.8 km extension of KCRC's West in every 13 m interval along the sensors work Rail Link from Nam Cheong Station rail track. TCA2003 Total Station connecting to East Tsim Sha Tsui that are driven remotely via a data Station of KCRC's East Rail Link. There communication network by Leica is about 1.2km of the new extension GeoMoS software at the Control area located very closely to the Center measure the positional existing Airport Express Rail and MTRC change of each target prism Tung Chung Line. In order to ensure automatically in every 2 hours Through section (210 m) Total station configuration in the Through section.

interval. To get the best line of afterward. Thus, even any SMS. At the same time, the alarm sight for measurement, those structural movement happening and a report will also be Total Stations are installed at vari- at the Total Station location does automatically sent to those ous locations including tunnel wall, not have any affect to the overall persons by email. Thus, engineers roof of rail station and structure measurement accuracy and the and surveyors can verify the along the track. There is system can achieve less than 1mm settlement immediately and take continuous power supply at each measurement error over a distance necessary actions to prevent Total Station location and they are of 100m. damages and maintain rail safety well protected by special design to passengers. As said by Mr. mounting device and security lock. The measurement reading is Andrew Wong, Engineering transmitted to Leica GeoMoS Solution Manager of Leica To ensure achieving the highest software for computing the Geosystems: “It is a well-proof accuracy and reliability of the rail updated coordinates of all solution for engineer making quick deformation measurement result, monitoring points. Then, and right decisions and also take the highest accuracy automatic coordinates comparison can be necessary actions regarding the Total Station available in the made against the initial reading influence of new construction current market - Leica TCA2003 is and the deviation and trend of works to existing structure”. used, which can achieve +/-0.5” movement can be easily presented angular accuracy and 1mm +/- as numeric and graphical The system installation works since 1ppm distance accuracy. presentation report to engineers February 2006 for a period of 36 Thanks to the automatic target and surveyors every 2 hours. months continuously. reorganization technology built in All the information can be found the Leica TCA2003, it can from an Intranet webpage and automatically pin-point the center engineers can also remote control of each target prism and detect the system configuration and slight positional changes. monitor its performance via the Furthermore, before taking every Ethernet. They can also preset cycle of monitoring points various levels of settlement measurement, each Total Station tolerance in the software, so also first measures assigned when the measurement result control reference points located at reach the critical level, then stable structures (reference various alarm messages will be prisms) and then re-adjust its own automatically sent to all mobile position and monitoring reading phones of assigned persons via

Leica Geosystems AG Heerbrugg, Switzerland www.leica-geosystems.com Leica Geosystems TruStory Permanent Slope Stability Monitoring Brown Coal Excavation, Czech Republic

Company Severočeské doly a.s., Nastup Tusimice Mine

Challenge Slope Stability/Landslide Monitoring and prediction of failures

Date Since September 2011

Location Tusimice, Czech Republic

Severočeské doly a.s. is the doly a.s. decided to renew its largest producer of brown coal monitoring equipment for the in the Czech Republic. The latest Leica Monitoring company was established by Solution. the Czech National Property Project Fund in 1994 by merging two The Nástup Tušimice Mine with its Instruments major brown coal producers - slope declines of up to 20 degrees Leica TM30 the Bílina Mines and the Nástup is located in an area with complex Leica Monitoring prisms Tušimice Mines. The company's tectonics. When the mine operators Meteo sensor business line includes mining, started slope monitoring in 1979, Software processing and selling brown observations were carried out Leica GeoMoS Monitor coal and associated by-products. manually by angle readings using a Communication The company's domestic market theodolite. In 1997 they switched Leica ComBox10 using GPRS share in 2008 was 46.87%. The over to a permanent monitoring Leica MonBox30 Nástup Tušimice mine is the installation utilizing a Leica TCA1800 most important mine for brown and third party software, with the Objectives coal excavation in the Czech remote communication established - Precise monitoring of possible slope Republic. In 2010, approximately via radio. movements and velocity 12.3 million tons were extracted, - Prediction of slope failures and in 2011 more than 15 At the heart of the new, fully - To avoid injury and damages during million tons are expected. automatic Monitoring solution is the coal excavation Since 1979 the mine slopes Leica GeoMoS software running on have been monitored with the MonBox30 computer installed Leica Geosystems equipment. in the ComBox10. This receives In September 2011 Severočeské the data of the Leica TM30 Benefits • Precise long-range distance measurements up to 3000m with Leica TM30 • Easy Monitoring system setup with Plug&Play solution and reliable communication • Leica MonBox keeps system running in case there is a communication breakdown

Monitoring Sensor inside the In addition, the Leica TM30 Monitoring specific analysis, based on mean- measurement hut and the DTM Sensor combines speed and accuracy. ingful results, to make the right meteo sensor outside. Measurement As it is especially designed for decision if movements should data transfer and communications Monitoring applications the sensor occur. are established via mobile internet provides high accuracy angular GPRS. measurements of 0.5”. The long More information about range ATR detects and measures Severočeské doly a.s. at The Leica TM30 currently measures, to prisms within a range of up to http://www.sdas.cz at hourly intervals, 15 monitoring 3000m with millimetre accuracy. The prisms placed on the slopes at modern drives, based on piezo distances of 250m to 2.240m from technology, support a high rotation the Monitoring Sensor. In the near speed of 180°/s allowing shorter future, measurements to a total time intervals between measure- of 40 prisms are planned. The ments cycles, if required. measurement cycle can be adapted With the TargetCapture technology, at any time according to the needs. obstructions in the line of site Compared to the previous monitoring can be inspected remotely and installations, the new system documented. Also, with TargetView, provides a complete Plug&Play the sensor detects the correct solution that was easy to setup. prism when multiple prisms are All connections and communication close together. are placed in the rugged ComBox housing. The integrated Leica MonBox Additionally, Leica GeoMoS supports also serves as an independent the integration of the DTM meteo internet backup, which means that sensor for data processing, taking data is not lost if a communication atmospheric corrections into All connections and communication are placed in the breakdown arises. account, allowing a precise and rugged ComBox housing.

Leica Geosystems AG Heinrich-Wild-Strasse CH-9435 Heerbrugg Switzerland Phone +41 71 727 31 31 www.leica-geosystems.com Leica Geosystems TruStory Real Time Bridge Deck Guidance Using GNSS Systems (Spain)

Company Dragados S.A. Spain Challenge Real Time monitoring and guiding of a moving structure (motorway bridge) Date March 2008 Location

Project Summary Instruments 6 Leica GX1230 GG Receivers 6 Leica AX1202 GG Antennas Arbizelay´s bridge, 380 meters 406 Mhz Satel radios. Other types Software long, 6 spans high, 5 pylons of communications (GPRS, Wi-Fi) Leica GNSS Spider and 12 meters wide is part of were tested and finally discarded Leica GeoMoS the AP-1 Vitoria - San Sebastián due to frequency inhibitors and Leica Alignment Monitoring Motorway and is located near poor GSM coverage. Communications the city of Mondragon. Thanks Radio, GPRS, UMTS, Wi-Fi to Leica GNSS technology, it Both bridge´s decks (one from Benefits was possible to successfully each side of the valley) were built - Real Time 3D Monitoring of the complete the manoeuvre of on site by pouring concrete over a structure incremental launching of the steel structure. Once the structure - Displacements Calculations compared bridge´s deck over the pylons was ready, it was pushed over to 3D alignments with an error of less than 3 the pylons with the method of - Continous hydraulic pushing centimetres. incremental launching of the deck manouvre thanks to the real time with the help of hydraulic jacks monitoring and GeoMoS alarms Using 6 GX1230 GG receivers (5 (incremental launching cycles were - Database storage of all measurements rovers placed over the deck with 3 meters). In addition to the jacks, - Instant and continuous operation 1 reference on a concrete pillar), the hydraulic system relied on a reports with Leica Alignment the whole deck structure can be pair of cables that were able to Monitoring - Easy Monitoring system configuration monitored in real time while the completely retain the bridge´s deck and installation and User friendly manoeuvre takes place. in case of emergency. software

Communication between GNSS An auxiliary pylon was built in the receivers and Leica GNSS Spider centre of each deck with the task software was established using of holding steel cables, which were responsible for both the rise possible thanks to the new GeoMoS All WGS84 coordinates were and fall of the deck´s nose (when 'Virtual Sensor' functionality. transformed to the old Spanish the manoeuvre takes place, the Geodetic Reference System (UTM nose slightly rises in order not to 30N European Datum 1950) using hit the pylons in its path; when the proper 3D transformations completed, it lowers and rests on provided by the customer. It was the pylons). also possible to use the new Country Specific Coordinate The whole GNSS monitoring systems System (CSCS) together with a was quickly and easily installed geoid model provided by the three times on both bridges’ decks. With the Leica Alignment Monitoring Spanish Geographic Institute. Not only was the deck´s real time software, the positions, at 1 Hz, 3 metre hydraulic pushing cycles position monitored, but the central of the 5 rover GNSS receivers was can clearly be observed when pylon’s inclination as well. compared with respect to the 5 seeing both horizontal and vertical theoretical trajectories of those displacement graphics. The project´s control centre was points.. All these measurements located in a nearby hut where a were recorded on the MSQL computer running Leica GNSS Database and displayed using Spider received the data from the GeoMoS´ module 'Analyzer', thus 6 GNSS receivers and calculated obtaining the horizontal and verti- all 5 base-lines in real time. Real cal displacements compared to the Time position of each of the rover theoretical design alignment. GNSS receivers placed on the structure were sent at 1 Hz via Minimum quality 3D check values TCP/IP to Leica GeoMoS and Leica were established, and differences Alignment Monitoring software in in chainage and horizontal/vertical NMEA format. distances to the reference line were continuously analysed.

Leica GeoMoS´s task was to make real time calculations of the central pylon’s attitude (in particular its longitudinal and transversal inclination) as well as triggering different alarms if the project´s tolerances were exceeded. Inclination calculations are made

Leica Geosystems AG Heinrich-Wild-Strasse CH-9435 Heerbrugg Switzerland Phone +41 71 727 31 31 www.leica-geosystems.com Leica Geosystems TruStory Monitoring Rail Tracks during Construction of Noise Barriers/HK

Objective Deformation monitoring due construction works close to existing railway tracks

Customer/Institution MTR (Mass Transit Railway, Hong Kong)

Date 2009 – ongoing

Location

As one of the busiest and most have been built along the tracks Project Summary crowded rapid transit system in the since 2009. However, before any Instruments world, MTR (Mass Transit Railway, works started, safety had to be Leica TCA2003 Total Station Hong Kong) operates high frequency ensured. Since the barriers were Leica Geosystems Monitoring prisms train services from early morning built very close to the existing Software until midnight. Due to the noise tracks, deformation due to digging Leica GeoMoS Monitor / Analyzer of the trains, areas where trains and various works for the con- Web viewer for displaying data and reports operate outdoors, like Tai Wai, struction of the barriers might Communication suffer significantly from noise have seriously affected the position Cables pollution. Serving as the busest of the tracks and subsequently Uninterrupted Power Supley (UPS) interchange station in New Territories, train operation. Therefore, an connecting Ma On Shan Line to automatic deformation monitoring Challenge East Rail Line, Tai Wai Station and system was implemented so that - Real-time deformation monitoring Depot are also one of the busiest relevant preventive actions could throughout the construction hubs for train operation. As resdents be performed if an unpredicted - Maintenance of the prisms and total move into the newly built residential deformation was detected by the stations in restricted MTR zones buildings above Tai Wai Depot, real time monitoring system. the noise pollution problem is Benefits expected to affect an increased Monitoring System Setup - Continuous and remote monitoring - The safety of millions of MTR number of people. The monitoring systems consists passengers can be ensured round of six total stations TCA2003, two the clock In order to alleviate the noise computers, 23 reference prisms pollution problem, noise barriers and over hundreds of monitoring monitoring measurements were taken continuously in automatic two-hour cycles using the Leica GeoMoS software. All monitoring results were uploaded to the Internet for instant browsing and were closely monitored by surveyors. Any deviated data would immediately be investigated by surveyors to check the accuracy.

Messaging System One of the main purposes of setting up an automatic deformation monitoring system was to inform the responsible staff of a situation when irregularities occurred in the construction site. After the monitoring Control Center of the Monitoring System positions of the optical prisms are prisms. The total stations were and power cables respectively. measured, they are compared with sub-divided into two groups and The two computers were located the set limit levels. If any monitoring located in Zone 1 and 2 of the in a workstation equipped with data reached or exceeded one of construction site. Each location Leica GeoMoS software which is the three limit levels, the messaging for the total stations was selected responsible for the control of the system would immediately be under various conditions, including sensors, collection and analysis activated. The designated personnel solid foundations, safe distance of data and the. In addition, both of MTR and the Contractor would from tracks and high-voltage computers were connected to a be notified by e-mail. The surveyors overhead lines, and a clear sight web server via broadband internet, in charge would then investigate to every monitoring and reference so that users can access the the reasons behind the notification prism. sys-tem remotely. and confirm whether the message The monitoring prisms were installed was due to faulty equipment, human at the upper and lower levels of Leica TCA2003 Total Station can error or construction activities. overhead line masts to check achieve an accuracy of ± 0.5” Additional respective measures tilting and also on the railway in angle and 1 mm ± 1 ppm in may be taken according to the sleepers. The reference prisms distance. To achieve good visibility severity of the message, ranging were distributed around the total for the total stations, clean and from increasing the monitoring stations so that each total station not fogged prims in the correct frequency to immediate cessation could measure to approximately position with a constant light con- of all foundation and excavation six prisms and compute the dition with a dark background and works. stability and orientation of the no atmospheric disturbance were total stations. needed. Reporting An uninterrupted power supply All monitoring data was displayed (UPS) was provided to each total Data Acquisition in graphs showing and every 24 station to ensure the system could The operation of the automatic hours a report was generated. overcome any temporary power deformation monitoring systems shortage. started two weeks before the Maintaining Stability construction works commenced as Notwithstanding the high precision The total stations were connected so-called reference or null epoch of the surveying instruments and to two computers and the UPS in data had to be collected. Throughout careful planning, every component the workstation via signal cables the construction, the deformation in the system must perform sturdily to provide reliable data. the instruments be examined for display the monitoring results to However, maintaining the stability damage or defects on regular the customer. of such a complex system is never basis, but surveyors also assessed an easy task. First and foremost, the system for any possible future High Precision: As surveying has maintenance of the equipment damage caused by other construc- always been renowned for its high was carried out annually and wear tion activities or improvement accuracy, surveyors strived to outs and damages were fixed works carried out by MTRC. produce measurements as accurate during this maintenance period. as possible. However, human Since most of the instruments Advantages measurements can never be as were installed along the tracks Continuous Measurements: The accurate as those of machines, and masts, which belong to the most important reason of imple- especially in a dark environment. restricted zone, working group menting an automated system was To provide a highly precise moni- meetings with MTRC were arranged its non-stop measurements taking. tor-ing system, the automatic to discuss the permitted working In the past, when measurements deformation monitoring system hours and site possession. Other were taken by manual survey, data minimizes the use of human than hardware maintenance, collected could be fragmented as labour with the replacement of calibration of instruments was it was impossible for surveyors to newly developed total stations, another important element to work all day resulting in incomplete which ensures extremely reliable maintain stability. The system was analysis and the process was not measurements. tested prior to installation of the cost-effective. With the automatic instruments to ensure that they deformation monitoring system, Conclusion were working and configured comprehensive reports could be The success of the monitoring properly. From time to time, generated solely by computers system has shown that safety can during the course of monitoring, and an efficient messaging system be ensured with the help of ad- the positions of the back sight enables deformation to be vanced technology, especially for prisms on the total station masts detected at all times. works carried out in a train system and the selected monitoring target which carries millions of passengers prisms were checked by manual Remote Monitoring: A considerably every day. Such a flexible yet survey to verify that the automatic short period of time available for efficient system has demonstrated measurements had been made track possession was another that safety can be maintained correctly, as the prisms might have significant constraint for works round the clock and does not been displaced either acciden- in an operational railway system. necessarily come with interference tally or naturally. The automatic With surveyors monitoring the to our daily lives. measurements could be corrected system anywhere via the Internet, using data from manual system the system could be operated checks when necessary. At the without interfering with train same time, all optical prisms were services. Surveyors and other staff regularly cleaned and checked did not have to travel to the site for stability, orientation and firm to check for any irregularities and attachments. In cases of obstruction reports could be seen in just a few to the sight line of the total stations, clicks. prisms were relocated to other stable locations. They would also User-Friendliness: To increase the be re-installed if they were found efficiency of the system, a user- loose. Moreover, not only would friendly web interface was used to

Leica Geosystems AG Heinrich-Wild-Strasse CH-9435 Heerbrugg Switzerland Phone +41 71 727 31 31 www.leica-geosystems.com Leica Geosystems TruStory GNSS Guide System for Pile Embedding Port of Cádiz (Spain)

Company Dragados S.A. Spain Challenge GNSS Real Time Guidance of the barge for embedding piles for the construc- tion of the bridge in the Bay of Cadiz (Puente de la Pepa). Date August 2008 Location

The new Bridge in the Bay of deviation. This software stores the Cadiz, known as “Puente de la points to stakeout, tolerances and Pepa” (1812 Spanish Constitution), Coordinate Systems. It is also was the highest bridge in possible to control the software Project Summary Europe in 2010. Its 3.1 km using a laptop computer on-board Instruments length, 180 metres height and the barge. 2 Leica GMX902 GG Receivers 540 metres span makes it a Firstly, the platform is roughly 1 Leica GX1230 GG Receiver true surveying challenge. positioned close to the final pile 3 Leica AX1202GG Antennas position. Later it is anchored and Software Using a Leica GX1230 GG receiver its position is fixed to the seafloor Leica GNSS Spider Leica Alignment Monitoring as a reference (GPS and GLONASS) using 2 hydraulic jacks, allowing Communications connected to the control centre at for precision positioning. Leica GPRS Dragado´s offices, which in turn was Alignment Monitoring software is connected to Leica Spider Software, able to store a detailed report Benefits differential corrections were sent of the positioning and stakeout - Rover GNSS receivers on portable to 2 GMX902 GG (small and full process (1 Hz) in addition to the installation - GPRS communication between the performance GNSS receivers). logging (txt file) of the instant Monitoring Control Centre and the GNSS Antennas were the reference position. Support Computer. points for which navigation and Once the pile´s embedding phase - Reference GX1230 GG also stakeout tasks were referred to. A comes to an end, the monitoring transmitting via Radio to the crane on the barge with a vibrator system can be used in other GX1230 GG rovers. head places and drives the steel construction tasks: drawers - GX1230 GG very versatile; reference, casing. Leica Spider software receives guidance (as part of the pylon’s rover, machine guide, surveying... the signal from the 2 rovers by GPRS, footings), and final structural bridge - User friendly and intuitive Software. computes the baseline and sends monitoring when finished. For these the position to Leica Alignment tasks Leica Spider will run together Monitoring. Coordinates are displayed with Leica GeoMoS, controlling at 1 Hz with 10-15 mm 3D standard possible displacements, registering data and displaying graphics.

Leica Geosystems AG Heinrich-Wild-Strasse CH-9435 Heerbrugg Switzerland Phone +41 71 727 31 31 www.leica-geosystems.com Whether you monitor the movement of a volcanic slope, the structure of a long bridge or track the settlement of a dam; whether you measure, analyse and manage the structures of natural or man-made objects: the monitoring systems by Leica Geosystems provide you with the right solution for every application.

Our solutions provide reliable, precise data acquisition, advanced processing, sophisticated analysis and secure data transmission. Using standard interfaces, open architectures and scaleable platforms, the solutions are customizable to meet individual requirements - for permanent and temporary installations, for single sites and monitoring networks.

When it has to be right.

Leica Geosystems AG Heerbrugg, Switzerland www.leica-geosystems.com