sign in sign up
<<
Home , Alcoholic hallucinosis, Benadryl challenge, Date rape drug, Drug overdose, Medical cannabis, Methadone clinic

1 Act 171: Information and Current Trends Updated June 2021

DR. BARZANNA WHITE, S.S.P., PH.D.

DISTRICT SCHOOL PSYCHOLOGIST, PREVENTION COORDINATOR, AND SCTG AND BJA GRANT DIRECTOR During the COVID-19 Pandemic… 2 Early Research has shown…

▪ issues such as , , are increasing. ▪ For those already diagnosed with a mental illness, the degree of illness has been exacerbated. ▪ For those not previously diagnosed with a mental illness, the illness is manifested ▪ Domestic violence has increased. ▪ cases have risen. With COVID-19… 3 Research continues to show… (continued)

▪ Stress has caused fear, anxiety, and social isolation.

▪ Individuals with and substance use disorders are more vulnerable …cravings, consumption, and risk of relapse are high (NIAAA, 2020).

▪ Researchers suggest that valid & reliable data will not be available until possibly 2022 for the time during the pandemic crisis. 4 Early Results of 2020 AMERICAN STREET DRUG USAGE Due To PANDEMIC PROTOCOLS

DECREASED USAGE  MDMA/ECSTASY – usage dropped 41% (*absence of festivals//)  – usage dropped 38%*  – usage dropped by 34%

INCREASED USAGE  – most popular, 46% increase  PSYCHEDELICS (magic mushrooms, LSD, etc.) – considered to remain steady with only a 20% increase 5 STREET to WATCH for in 2021

❖ CANNABIS – 46% increase in use during 2020 (Americans)

• Continued legalization in numerous states

❖ MDMA/Ecstasy

• Returning post-pandemic (Raves, clubs, parties recurring*)

❖ FANTASY (GHB)

• Returning post-pandemic *

❖

❖ FLAKKA (ALPHA-PHP)

❖ KRATOM

❖ &

❖ This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY-NC-ND 6 - CANNABIS

 Intake: Smoked in a cigarette or in a pipe or bong, smoked in blunts, mixed with food (edibles)or other drugs, brewed as  Slang: Aunt Mary, BC Bud, Chronic, Dope, Gangster, , Grass, Hash, Herb, , Mary Jane, Mota, Pot, Reefer, Sinsemilla, Skunk, Smoke, Weed, Yerba  Effects: Impaired judgment, reduced coordination, , difficulty thinking and problem-solving, effects memory and learning, causes relaxation, disinhibition, increased appetite, sedation, increased sociability, confusion, distorted perception, anxiety, drowsiness, dizziness, nauseas, tachycardia, respiratory problems Marijuana (, 7 , & )

 Intake: Orally or smoked (buds, leaves, sticky, black oil)  Slang: Bud, Herb, Grass, Green, Mary Jane, Reefer, Weed, Shatter, Ear Wax, Budder, 710, Dabs  Effects: Bloodshot eyes, intense anxiety, panic attacks, dry mouth and throat, lack of concentration, lack of coordination, impaired learning, impaired judgement, difficulty problem solving, and loss of memory. 8 LEGALIZATION OF MARIJUANA

❖ Currently, 27 states and Washington, D.C. have implemented legislation decriminalizing minor amounts of marijuana possession, according to the National Conference of State Legislatures. (June 6, 2021)

❖ MEDICAL-USE UPDATE: As of May 18, 2021, 36 states and 4 territories allow for the medical use of cannabis products.

❖ ADULT-USE UPDATE: As of April 14, 2021, 17 states, two territories and the District of Columbia have enacted legislation to regulate cannabis for adult use. 9 Monthly retail sales of recreational marijuana amid the coronavirus outbreak10 in the in 2020*(in million U.S. dollars) Published July 2020 -Statista.com DECREASED , expected to drop to 380+ million by April 2020 (results not in). May be found to be NOT TRUE ONCE THE DATA IS IN. This may be skewed due to the fact that – MORE STATES HAVE LEGALIZED ITS USE. In LOUISIANA…2019 11

As of 2019 LA had one of the most restrictive Medical use laws: Limited to: Cancer, Epilepsy, HIV/AIDS, /Wasting Syndrome, MD, Crohn’s, MS, Parkinson’s, , PTSD, Severe muscle spasms, and severe . included in the list, but with specific criteria : Avoidance of others if the individual’s health is compromised; Self- stimulatory or repetitive behavior severe enough to put the victim in danger, self-destructive or physically aggressive 12 In LOUISIANA…2020

In 2020, legislature passed & Gov. John Bel Edwards signed HB 819: allows doctors to recommend for any medical condition the “considers debilitating to an individual patient” that the physician is qualified to treat. Added several conditions, including Alzheimer’s, Parkinson’s, ALS, traumatic brain injury, and associated with sickle cell anemia or fibromyalgia. In LOUISIANA…2021 13

 As of June 2021, patients can now vaporize cannabis preparations via “metered- inhaler,” but cannot access whole-plant flower and is not allowed.  Recreational use: currently illegal –However, the marijuana legalization bill, HB699 which decriminalizes marijuana has now (June 6, 2021) passed and is awaiting the Governor’s action.  Can buy and use CBD oil and its derivatives as long as it is sourced from industrial and has less than 0.3% THC. 14 In LOUISIANA…2021... Notes

 Louisiana has only two state-licensed cultivators — Louisiana State University and Southern University — and the state has authorized only nine locations to dispense medical marijuana.

 Prohibiting whole-plant (flower) and smoking drives up costs, making medical cannabis inaccessible to most low-income and middle-income patients, and can result in cannabis businesses not being economically viable. 15 DABBING AND

VAPING ARE TWO TEEN TRENDS THAT CONTINUE TO ESCALATE 16 MARIJUANA DABBING

 Marijuana dabbing, a relatively new form of marijuana use that has been used for over 20 years, but gained popularity in recent years, refers to the process of inhaling HIGHLY CONCENTRATED THC marijuana concentrates, known on the street by many names such as dabs, butane (BHO), honey oil, shatter, wax, and budder. Dab tabs are measured portions of cannabis (50mg of THC or CBC or both). When heated, they are not chemically modified, but by extracting marijuana’s psychoactive ingredient (THC) by a method of butane extraction, thus, the result is a high dose of THC with instantaneous effects.

 The end product is a thick brownish-green substance, resembling ear wax, or honey. Marijuana dabbing or ‘blasting dabs’ is when the concentrate is processed by using a blowtorch heated delivery system or heated device such as a nail or modified water pipe and the released vapors are inhaled. The device is commonly referred to as a dab rig (Parents Opposed to Pot, 2020). MARIJUANA DABBING 17 continued…..

 Just six years after marijuana was legalized in , teens report an alarming increase in use of ultra-potent pot products. More than half who use marijuana now dab to get high.  Students vaping marijuana increased 69%. Will that continue elsewhere?  For MOTHER’S DAY 2021 - SPECIALS FOR DAB RIGS were on the internet! What Might You See…. Have You Seen Any of These Items at 18 School or Walking Down the Street? 19 SIGNS SOMEONE MAY BE DABBING

 Increased use of perfumes/colognes to hide the smell.  Paraphernalia: vape pens, glass water pipes, dab rigs, nails (hollow rod where the nail is heated and the dab is placed on the hot surface).  Use of gum, mints, and eye drops.  Changes in behavior consistent with marijuana use, but intensified throughout the entire day (unusual talkativeness, sleepiness, bloodshot eyes, disorientation).  Increased positive attitude about marijuana use and interest in marijuana(movies, characters, clothing). 20 VAPING

 Prior to COVID-19, teen vaping and related lung issues were growing at an alarming rate. This has intensified since the pandemic.

 The U.S. Surgeon General officially declared e-cigarettes an epidemic with young Americans.

 Originally, vaping was a way to get a buzz from the and was a method of hiding usage in neatly contained devices (JUULs/devices or Puff and Zyn/disposable nicotine pouches).

 1 in 5 high school seniors vape (2018) and these numbers are rising each year.

 Nicotine, alcohol, and marijuana are gateway drugs and increase the likelihood of using other substances later in life. Using substances is an ineffective coping mechanisms, it increases trouble with law enforcement (poor decision making, driving under the influence), and it limits effective problem-soling (poor choices, suicide), etc. VAPING –vs- SMOKING 21

VAPING VS SMOKING: WHAT IS THE DIFFERENCE?  The main difference between smoking and vaping stems from how nicotine is delivered. The burning end of a cigarette reaches of 900 C or 1652 F which creates smoke. The process of combustion is what generates carcinogenic chemicals, and this is why smoking cigarettes is dangerous.  On the other hand, vaping does not burn chemicals, and instead, it heats the ingredients into an aerosol aka vapor.  Before we start comparing the differences between vaping and smoking in detail, let’s go through the similarities between the two. SMOKING/NICOTINE/TOBACCO 22 & E-CIGARETTES

E-cigarettes, AKA vapes or vaping devices, are classified by the FDA as a tobacco product. A critical similarity is that the main ingredients in e-juices are also in cigarettes as additives to improve the smoking experience.

 What are the E-liquid Ingredients, Commonly referred as E-liquid or Vape juice? Four main ingredients: Propylene Glycol (PG) , Vegetable Glycerin or Glycerol (VG) , often Nicotine (which can increase the carcinogenic effects of tobacco smoke), Flavoring Concentrates. (PG & VG are preservatives to prevent it from drying out.) The 4 main ones are Generally Recognized As Safe (GRAS)” Many compare nicotine to for its stimulant-like properties, high risk for , and lethally toxic when ingested in high concentrations or its pure form. E-juice bottles are child-proofed to prevent accidental nicotine overdose. NOT all e-juice contains nicotine as you can order 0 mg nicotine. There are many internet sites to purchase these items. MUST BE 21 - they say. 23 HEALTH EFFECTS of VAPING/SMOKING

 The danger of smoking cigarettes is caused by the combustion process. In e- cigarettes, the danger is in the which are vaporized.*

 Real danger lies in the harmful chemicals released when tobacco goes through combustion. The ingredients include 500 other ingredients used in cigarettes which are all surprisingly FDA approved as additives to put in your food.

 *Comparable amounts of toxicants (Formaldehyde, Acetaldehyde, and ) in vapor were also found in FDA-approved Nicorette Inhaler, an NRT product However, burning these chemical compounds paint a different story, and some of these chemicals are known to have carcinogenic effects.

 With over 4000 chemicals in cigarette smoke, 250 are known to be harmful chemicals and at least 60 can cause cancer.

 Metals found in vapor may leach from the metal coil used to heat the e-juice WHAT WE KNOW ABOUT THE HEALTH 24 EFFECTS OF VAPING/SMOKING continued

 Harmful chemicals released in the vaping process are also found in tobacco smoke. Compared to the 250 known harmful chemicals & more than 60 cancer-causing compounds in cigarette smoke, researchers have found 31 potentially toxic compounds in vapors.

 The levels of toxic chemicals found in vaping are dependent on the device used (Power), e-liquid contents (varies by flavor and brand), and user behavior (puff topography). Furthermore, every vape juice will test differently due manufacturing process with each brand.

▪ the flavorings used (Diacetyl, Vanillin, etc.)

▪ the production environment (Contaminants)

▪ the purity of the ingredients (specifically when testing for NNN and NNK)

▪ the device used (higher wattages, wicking system, and type of coil used)

▪ how the user interacts with the device (Dry Hits) WHAT WE DON’T KNOW… 25

▪ the long-term health impact (Cancer, Respiratory and Cardiovascular ). ▪ if the trace amounts of harmful chemicals found in vaping is enough to do substantial damage to the human health. Everyone who vapes is now part of a greater toxicological experiment and only time will tell. Until then, scientists will continue to produce new studies that will ultimately determine how e-cigarette products will be regulated. COMMON SIDE EFFECTS OF VAPING 26 REPORTED (Not everyone experiences these)

 VAPING W/NICOTINE- VAPING WITHOUT NICOTINE RELATED SIDE EFFECTS: EFFECTS: can occur when vaping  Chest Pain at high intensity.  Coughing   Throat irritation  / Dizziness  Wheezing  Eye irritation  Dehydration - dry mouth, skin, nose  Stomach Aches  Headaches  Increased  It may further intensify Asthma symptoms  Increased 27 PUFF BARS

 Designed in Los Angeles by two 20-year-olds.  At first - Flavor mixing labs are in Malaysia; production occurs in China. Now produced in . Puff Bar vape devices are non-refillable disposable devices with flavored nicotine offering 200-800 puffs, depending on battery charge and amount of nicotine . It is for one-time use as it raises its own bar. The PUFF BAR DISPOSABLE POD Device is a compact, lightweight, and portable pod system that comes with 1.3 ml of e- liquid with each pod. The disposable pod device requires no maintenance, charging, or refilling and has a built-in 280mAh battery. It is very compact, portable and lightweight. 28 JUUL – one kind of puff bar/pod

Designed for adults, JUUL products, like other Puff devices, deliver nicotine (with flavor if desired). It is illegal to sell the products to minors. They are an alternative to traditional cigarettes. Like some other devices, the JUUL Device is a vaporizer that has no buttons or switches, and uses a regulated control, and allows you to set your strength and flavor.

Juul CRÈME BRULEE – refill pods – Youth e-cigarette Epidemic Continues with 29 Other DISPOSABLE POUCHES & LOZENGES

• one in five high school students used e-cigarettes in 2020 • a new type of flavored nicotine product is gaining popularity and raising public health concerns. Oral nicotine pouches and lozenges; brands such as Zyn, On! and Velo, Dryft, are in many flavors, which have proven to appeal to youth • sales data show that nicotine pouches are increasing in popularity • Nielsen data reported Zyn nicotine pouch dollar sales in convenience stores increased 470% in the first half of 2020. • Truth Initiative tracking shows that 13% of 15-24 year olds surveyed in Fall 2020 used pouches in the past 30-days. ALCOHOL – on the increase 30

 Alcohol-related jumped to highest level during Covid pandemic  Alcohol killed more people in 2020 than in any of the previous 20 years  The 2019 Youth Risk Behavior Survey5,6 found that among high school students, during the past 30 days 29% drank alcohol, 14% binge drank, 5% of drivers drove after drinking alcohol; 17% rode with a driver who had been drinking alcohol.  Males historically had higher rates, but data in 2019 showed that female high school students were more likely to drink alcohol and binge drink than male high school students.6 ALCOHOL – 31 Dangers of Underage Drinking Youth who drink alcohol are more likely to experience6,8-10 ➢ School problems, such as higher rates ➢ Physical and sexual violence. of absences or lower grades. ➢ Increased risk of suicide and homicide. ➢ Social problems, such as fighting or lack ➢ Motor vehicle crashes and other of participation in youth activities. unintentional injuries (burns, falls, drowning) ➢ Legal problems, such as arrest for driving or physically hurting someone. ➢ Memory problems. ➢ Physical problems, such as ➢ Misuse of other substances. or illnesses. ➢ Changes in brain development that may ➢ Unwanted, unplanned, and have life-long effects. unprotected sexual activity. ➢ Alcohol  Disruption of normal growth or sexual development. INTENTIONAL ADVERTISING to Youth 32 Tobacco and Alcohol – in America

 LOCATION IS EVERYTHING ..Retail-based marketing starts outside of stores, colorful ads for tobacco products beckon those passing by, items placed near check-out areas.

 across the U.S. spend roughly $25 billion every year on ads for tobacco products such as vape pens & cigarettes, and alcohol.

 The ads specifically gain the attention of teens through the use of celebrities, humor, current music, and attractive young models. 25% of music videos depict smoking. Alcohol remains the most prevalent, with an average drinking scene shown every 22 minutes on tv; primetime rates are higher- 70 percent of these shows depict alcohol use.

 The ads make smoking and drinking seem like casual everyday activities

 Alcohol-related ads are often aired during primetime tv shows &; thus, teens are 400 times more likely to see an ad for alcohol than a PSA that discourages underage drinking. 33 IN THE NEWS

 Binghampton, NY mayor introduces new “social host” law to reduce underage drinking. The law will help those who host and serve substances to minors accountable.

 Coke bought the Topo Chico seltzer brand and will be adding alcohol to it. It will be available in Latin America in select cities.

 A Lynnwood, Washington couple was arrested for having $19 million dollars worth of fentanyl in their home.

 Drug-driving could soon exceed !

 Baton Rouge, LA – Approximately $4000 of fentanyl laced praline candy was seized along with other items in a drug arrest. 34 IN THE NEWS continued….

 CDC reports in July 2020

• 93K Americans die from alcohol-related causes each year

• 5,306 homicides related to alcohol use each year,

• injuries sustained during falls accounted for 2,645 of the alcohol-related deaths each year,

• Overdose Deaths Accelerating During COVID-19 | CDC Online ...

• Over 81,000 deaths occurred in the United States in the 12 months ending in May 2020, the highest number of overdose deaths ever recorded in a 12-month period (Dec 17, 2020 · CDC Press Release) Deaths continue with forced excessive alcohol drinking during hazing on college campuses.

 RECOVERY WORLD-WIDE ADDICTION CENTER reports November 2020

• the largest annual increase of deaths from alcohol-related problems is for non-Hispanic Caucasian women 35 ECSTASY or MDMA aka Molly

 Intake: Orally swallowed  Slang: Candy, Clarity, Beans, Adam, E. X, XTC, Happy Pill, Molly, Skittles, Smarties, Vitamin E, Vitamin X, Hug Drug, Vowels  Effects: Reduced appetite, , blurred vision, hallucinations, tremors, muscle tension, extreme thirst, fainting, and increased heart rate. 36 FANTASY - GHB (Gamma-Hydroxybutyric Acid)

 Intake: Often added to drinks in liquid or power form, swallowed or taken orally  Slang: Date Drug, G, Georgia Home Boy, grievous Bodily Harm, Liquid Ecstasy, Sleep 500, or Scoop  Effects: Tremors, impaired motor skills, difficulty breathing, , respiratory depression, , nausea, and 37 PHENIBUT

➢ chemical similar to a brain chemical called gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA); used as a recreational drug and as a medicine.

➢ used for anxiety, , a type of anxiety that often develops after a terrifying event (post- traumatic stress disorder or PTSD), alcohol use disorder, etc. There is no good scientific evidence to support these uses. .

➢ In USA it is legal to possess, but not approved as a licensed pharmaceutical drug by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA). Can purchase online as a nutritional supplement, FDA has ruled that phenibut does not meet the definition of a dietary ingredient. Once sold in GNC & Walmart! Brand names Anvifen, Fenibut, and Noofen – sold on line.

➢ When taken by mouth: side effects, include effect, dizziness, nausea, poor balance, and fatigue. In large doses can cause trouble breathing, unconsciousness, and death.

➢ Phenibut can cause dependence when taken regularly. People who use phenibut regularly and then stop taking it may experience withdrawal symptoms which can include decreased appetite, nausea, muscle aches, fast heart rate, anxiety, agitation, trouble sleeping, and seizures. FLAKKA (alpha-PVP) 38 “The Zombie Drug”

 Similar to the street drug commonly referred to as .  Intake: eaten, snorted, injected, or vaporized in e-cigarettes  Slang: Gravel  Effects: Hallucinations, paranoia, violent , self-injury, overdose, death 39 KRATOM

 Leaves from the Kratom tree (southeast Asia; causes stimulant and effects.

 Intake: Pill, crushed and smoked, chewed, brewed as a tea

 Slang: Thang, Kakuam, Ketum, Biak

 Effects: Psychoactive and euphoric effects – raves and concerts Increases alertness, talkativeness, and physical energy (low doses), sedation (high doses),hallucinations, confusion, , itching, nausea, dry mouth, sweating, increased urination, loss of appetite, wight loss, anorexia, insomnia

 Not illegal at federal level DEA has under review for controlled substance

 Some states have banned. CAN BUY IN SHREVEPORT & BOSSIER

 Used for overcoming opiod addiction 40 FENTANYL (Synthetic )/CARFENTANIL

 One hundred times stronger than ; developed for pain management with cancer patients

 Intake: Needle Prince  Slang: Apace, China Girl, China Town, China White, Dance , Goodfellows, Great Bear, He-Man, , and Tango and Cash

 Effects: Intense, short-term high, , slowed respiration, reduced blood pressure, nausea, fainting, seizures, death 41 CELEBRITY DEATH – Fentanyl related

Lil Peep American Overdose of Prescription 2017 21 rapper and fentanyl and drugs singer Xanax American Accidental Prescription 2017 66 singer and overdose of drugs songwriter prescription drugs including fentanyl and Prince American Accidental Prescription 2016 57 singer and fentanyl drug songwriter overdose 42 GABAPENTIN

 USE: Gabapentin is used with other meds to prevent & control seizures, treat alcohol and cocaine withdrawals, restless leg syndrome, types of neuropathy, fibromyalgia, epilepsy adjunct treatment, & relieve nerve pain following shingles

 Brand Names: Neurontin · Gralise · Gralise 30-Day Starter Pack · Neuraptine · Gabarone

 Street names are “gabbies” or “johnnies.”

 Drug Class: - GABA Analogs · Dermatological - Miscellaneous Single Agents · Postherpetic Neuralgia Agents

 Availability: Prescription Required

 Side Effects: drowsiness, tremors, coordination problems, suicidal thoughts, forgetfulness

 Researchers attribute the tighter prescription restrictions on opioid painkillers as one of the reasons for the spike in gabapentin use.

 Often combined with to get greater high. 43 Other Drugs From A to Z

 Prescription stimulant used to treat ADHD (Concerta, Adderall, Dexedrine, Focalin, Metadate, Ritalin).

 Often used as a study aid to keep people awake or used to suppress appetites.

 Intake: Used orally or injected. Ice or crystalized hydrochloride is smoked.

 Slang: Bennies, Bumble Bees, Black Beauties, Dexedrine, Footballs, Hearts, Speed, Uppers, Vitamin R

 Effects: Similar to cocaine, but slower onset and longer duration. Causes increased body temperature, blood pressure, irritability, aggression, insomnia, loss of appetite, physical exhaustion. Chronic abuse can lead to , paranoia, hallucinations, violent and erratic behavior. 44 ()

➢ Intake: Pill or injecting a liquid. ➢ Slang: Barbs, Block Busters, Christmas Trees, Goof Balls, Pinks, Red Devils, Reds and Blues, Yellow Jackets ➢ Effects: Paranoia, suicidal thoughts, lack of inhibition, sleepiness, impaired memory & judgment & coordination, irritability, clammy skin, dilated , weak & rapid , . Bath Salts: MDPV, 4MMC (Synthetic ) ➢ Intake: Orally, smoked, snorted, or injected ➢ Slang: Cloud 9, Bliss, Energy 1, White Rush, Purple, Wave ➢ Effects: Aggression, Confusion, , Paranoia, Alters Mood, Dilation of Pupils, Sweating, Seizures, and Suicidal Thoughts Human-made stimulants related to , found in the plant. 45 (Depressants)

➢ Intake: Orally or crushed and snorted ➢ Slang: Benzos, Downers, Nerve Pills, Tranks ➢ Effects: Calming, euphoria, vivid, disturbing dreams, , irritability, hostility, clammy skin, shallow reparation, dilated pupils, weak and rapid pulse, and coma. COCAINE ➢ Intake: Orally swallowed, smoked, snorted, or injected ➢ Slang: Coke, Flake, , Nose Candy, Snow, Soda Cot, White, Blanco, Big C, Blow ➢ Effects: Anxiety, insomnia, hallucinations, paranoia, heart attack, seizures, and possible infected diseases if injected. 46 CRACK (Stimulant)

 Intake: Heated in a pipe then smoked  Slang: Freebase, Apple Jacks, Rocks, Pebbles, Nuggets, Half Track, Baseball, Roxanne  Effects: Anxiety, insomnia, hallucinations, paranoia, heart attack, seizures, and possible infected diseases if injected

DXM - (Cough Suppressant)

 Intake: Orally swallowed

 Slang: CCC, DXM, Dex, Red Devils, Robo, Skittles, Triple C, Tussin, Velvet

 Effects: Abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, confusion, hallucinations, high blood pressure, numbness of fingers and toes, and irregular heartbeat 47 (Depressant)

 Intake: Snorted, smoked, or heated into a liquid and injected

 Slang: Black , Brown sugar, Big H, China White, Dope, H, Junk, Smack, Dragon, or Horse

 Effects: Euphoria, sleeping/drowsiness, nodding off, vomiting, dry/itchy skin, impaired mental functioning, slow movement and breathing, needle marks, boils, extremely small pupils, clammy skin, and reduced appetite Chris Kelly Rapper (Kris Kross) Fatal overdose, cocaine and Illegal drug 2013 34 heroin

Cory Monteith Actor (Glee) & Toxic mix of heroin and alcohol Illegal drug and 2013 31 singer alcohol

Whitney Houston American singer, Drowning; complications of Illegal drug 2012 48 actress cocaine and heart ; Flexeril, marijuana, Xanax and also found in body but did not contribute to death 48

 Usually Prescribed as Dilaudid; 2-8 times more likely than morphine.  Intake: orally or by injecting tablets dissolved in solution  Slang: D, Dillies, Dust, Footballs, Juice, Smack  Effects: relaxation, euphoria, sedation, changes in mood, nervousness, restlessness, constipation, vomiting, nausea, poor coordination, rash, heartbeat changes, loss of appetite, changes in blood pressure, depression, poor muscle tone, constricted pupils, clammy skin, coma  Brand names: Dilaudid · Exalgo ER · Dilaudid-hp · Palladone · Dilaudid-5  Drug classes: Opioid · 49 (Depressant-like)

▪ Intake: Vapors are inhaled ▪ Slang: Huffing, Laughing Gas, , Rush, Whippets, Bagging, Gluey ▪ Effects: Dizziness, slurred speech, drowsiness, passing out/loss of consciousness, sudden sniffing death, , hearing loss, and permanent damage to the liver, lungs, and kidney ▪ Deaths: National Institute on Drug Abuse reports that as many as 200 people die from abuse each year. ▪ Household and industrial chemicals whose volatile vapors or pressurized gases can be concentrated and breathed in via the nose or mouth (acetone, freon, , toluene, trichloroethylene, which is used in contact cement, permanent markers, & some glue; but, do not include drugs that are sniffed after burning or heating.) 50 KETAMINE (Used as an anesthetic & pain)

 Intake: Orally swallowed, smoked, or snorted (pills, powder, or liquid)

 Slang: Cat Valium, Jet, K, Kit Kat, Purple, Special K, Super Acid, Super C, Super K, Vitamin K

 Effects: Amnesia, , impaired motor functioning, respiratory problems

 Ketamine is a anesthetic used in human and veterinary medicine. An hallucinogen that causes a person to feel detached from reality. Much of the ketamine sold on the street has been diverted from veterinarians’ offices. Ketamine’s chemical structure and mechanism of action are similar to those of PCP. 51 KHAT (Stimulant)

 Made from leaves and twigs of the evergreen shrub (Active ingredients: cathine and cathinone)

 Intake: chewed, used as a tea or chewable paste, smoked, sprinkled on food

 Slang: Abyssinian Tea, African Salad, Catha, Chat, Kat, Miraa, Oat, Qat, Quaadka

 Effects: Manic behavior, depression, suicide, delusions, hallucinations, paranoia, nightmares, euphoria, increased blood pressure and heart rate , insomnia, gastric disorders, cardiac complications LSD 52

 Intake: Orally swallowed, or placed on the tongue (pill, liquid, gelatin, blotter paper)

 Slang: Acid, Blotter, Lucy, Purple Haze, Microdots, Trips, Window Panes, Tabs

 Effects: Elevated body temperature, decreased appetite, increased blood pressure, insomnia, tremors, flashbacks, chronic recurring hallucinations, psychosis

 Use INCREASE – significant, even prior to COVID; greater among. Researchers found LSD use increased the most among those aged 35 to 49, whose interest in the drug shot up 223 percent in the three-year period. The 50+ age group saw a 45 percent increase in LSD use as well, while use among people aged 26 to 34 increased by 59 percent. However, the youngest potential acid-droppers, those aged 18 to 25, were the only age group whose LSD use saw a decrease, dropping 24 percent. (July 2020) 53 54

 Synthetic opioid prescribed as Dolphine or Methadose  Intake: Swallowed as a liquid or pill or it’s injected  Slang: Abyssinian Tea, African Salad, Catha, Chat, Kat, Miraa, Oat, Qat, Quaadka  Effects: highly addictive, clammy skin, convulsions, coma, death, weak pulse, shallow breathing, stomach spasms, itchy skin, sweating, sleepiness ➢ Treatment for Drug Addiction: A methadone clinic is a place where a person who is addicted to opioid-based drugs, such as heroin or prescription painkillers, can receive -based therapy. Patients receive methadone, or the brand name version known as Dolophine, which is an opioid . This drug treatment is often referred to as replacement therapy. METHAMPHETAMINE 55 (Stimulant)

 Desoxyn Methamphetamine Hydrochloride Tablets– used to treat obesity and ADHD. Adderall,vyvanse,ridlin,and concerta all contain similar to the street drug (speed).  Intake: Orally, smoked, snorted, or injected smoked form (crystal meth resembles crushed ice)  Slang: 417, Beanies, Crank, Crypto, crystal, Fired, Glass, Ice, Meth, Quartz, Speed, White Cross, Shards, Bikers , Stove Top, Tweak, Yaba, Trash, Chalk, Crystal, Crank, Shabu  Effects: Paranoia, convulsions, stoke, scratching, skin sores, hyperthermia, sensation of bugs crawling under their skin, hallucinations, heart attack, death, and poor dental health 56 MORPHINE

 NON-SYNTHETIC NARCOTIC (OPIOID) MADE FROM .  BRANDS: AVINZA, KADIAN, MS CONTIN, MSIR, ORAMORPH SR, ROXANOL, ROXANOL-T, RMS MORPHINE,  INTAKE: ORAL SOLUTIONS, INJECTED, TABLETS, CAPSULES,  SLANG: DREAMER, EMSEL, FIRST LINE, GOD’S DRUG, HOWS, MS, MISTER BLUE, MORPHO, UNKIE  EFFECTS: SLEEPINESS, COLD AND CLAMMY SKIN, EUPHORIA, PAIN RELIEF, LOWERED PULSE/BLOOD PRESSURE, POSSIBLE DEATH 57 OPIUM

 Non-synthetic narcotic extracted from the poppy plant.  Intake: Pill, smoked, injected, used in combination with other drugs  Slang: Aunti, Aunti Emma, Big O, Black pill, Chandu, Chinese Molasses, Dopium, Dream Gun, Fi-do-nie, Gee, Guma, Midnight Oil, Zero  Effects: Relaxation, euphoric relief, coma, death, highly addictive 58 OXYCODONE/ (Depressant)

 Intake: Orally swallowed, snorted, or injected (tablets, caplets, or crushed)

 Slang: Cotton, 40/80, Hillbilly Heroin, Kicker, Killers, OC/O, Oxy, OxyContin, Roxy, Percs, Pills

 Effects: Bloodshot eyes, major anxiety, panic attacks, dry mouth and throat, lack of concentration, lack of coordination, impaired learning, impaired judgement, difficulty problem-solving, and loss of memory

 Hydrocodone is not widely available outside of the U.S., so has limited use internationally. Oxycodone appears to have a higher abuse liability potential compared with hydrocodone. Hydrocodone is also combined with as an effective cough suppressant. Acetaminophen & other pain , may be added to oxycodone to make a specific narcotic analgesic. Norco - Lortab · Vicodin. This type of combination medication can calm a person’s mood, which gives the painkiller time to work. 59 PCP ()

 Synthetically produced hallucinogen.  Intake: Power form (snorted), tablets/capsules, leafy materials sprayed or dipped in liquid and smoked.  Slang: Angel Dust, Boat, Crystal, Embalming Fluid, Hog, Ozone, Rocket Fuel, Shermans, Supergrass, Tac, Wack, Zoom  Effects: Distortion, feelings of being detached from the world, slurred speech, sedation, amnesia, numbness, disorientation, feeling invincible, shallow breathing, immobility CACTUS & 60

 Small spineless cactus with an active ingredient of mescaline.  Intake: Fresh or dried buttons can be chewed or smoked with marijuana/tobacco, capsules, soaked in water and drank  Slang: Buttons, Cactus, Mesc, Peyoto  Effects: Altered perceptions of space and time, hallucinations, nausea, vomiting, rise in body temperature, impaired motor coordination, anxiety, euphoria  For thousands of years, American Indians have used peyote for ritual and healing purposes. The plant has been traditionally used for pain (e.g., toothache), rheumatism, colds, blindness, and . Peyote use is illegal in the United States, except for religious use by the Native American Church. 61 (Mushrooms)

 Intake: Brewed as tea, added to food to mask bitter flavor, ingested orally

 Slang: Magic Mushrooms, Shrooms, Mushrooms

 Many species/hybrids with varying amounts of Psilocybin (the hallucinogenic

 Effects: Panic attacks, psychosis, hallucinations, nausea, vomiting, weakness of muscles, poor coordination, psychosis, death 62 ROHYPNOL ( Drug)

 It’s a depressant and is not approved for medical use in the U.S.  It is sometimes used by cocaine users to relieve side effects.  Intake: Tablet, swallowed, crushed or snorted, can be dissolved in liquids (colors light drinks a pale blue).  Slang: Circles, Forget Me Pill, La Rocha, Lunch Money Drug, Mexican Valium, Pingus, R2, 2, Ruffies, Rophies, Wolfies  Effects: addictive, impaired mental functions, slurred speech, loss of concentration, drowsiness, sleepiness, amnesia, relaxes muscles, decreases anxiety  DATA: Over 86% of the time – the rape is caused by a boyfriend, an acquaintance, or another trusted individual.  GOOD NEWS: There are now some cups, straws, nail polish, The SipChip, pd.ID sensors that are reusable, and other devices that can indicate the presence of a . Additionally, bar coasters are made with two testing strips that can detect GHB and Ketamine. All of this can be ordered on-line. 63

 Plant from the mint family that is used for its hallucinogenic effect.  Intake: Chewing fresh leaves, drinking extracted juices, smoking/inhaling vapors  Slang: Maria Pastora, Sally-D, Salvia  Effects: hallucinations, loss of coordination, dizziness, slurred speech, uncontrollable laughter, panic, fear, body and object distortions, wild perceptions In 2005, Louisiana was the first state to ban for consumption 64 SPICE/K2, SYNTHETIC MARIJUANA

 Synthetic version of THC. Active ingredients are synthetic chemicals () sprayed onto the plant material, over 700 research chemicals found. A Schedule II drug in Louisiana. Spice and K2 will not be detected in a standard , such as a 5 Panel or 10 Panel.

 Typically labeled “not for human consumption.” In most countries around the world, including the United States, synthetic cannabis is illegal. Spice use is also banned for U.S. Military personnel. In 2013, the DEA formally banned as a Class I drug. The action only covered a small number of chemicals, leaving dealers to use different chemicals. Thus, Legislation cannot keep up with the rapid change of chemicals.

 Intake: Smoked (joints, pipes, e-cigarettes), added to tea

 Slang: Over 600 names including Bliss, Black Mamba, Blaze, Bombay Blue, Fake Weed, Legal Weed, Genie, Zohai, Red X, Dawn Scooby Skunk, Snax, Mojo, Scooby Snax, Black Mamba and Annihilation.

 Effects: MORE DANGEROUS than real marijuana. Addictive, increases blood pressure and heart rate, causes paranoia, hallucinations, panic attacks, possible organ damage and death 65 66 STEROIDS

 Synthetically produced versions of testosterone; promotes muscle growth and enhances appearance and athletic performance.  Intake: gels, creams, transdermal patches, tablets/capsules, injections  Slang: Arnolds, Gear, Gym Candy, Juice, Pumpers, Roids, Stackers, Weight Gainers  Effects: can stunt growth, enlarge breasts, and shrink testicles in males; can increase facial hair, body hair, acne, and deepens voice in females; mood swings, increases aggression, heart disease, liver damage, addiction 67 U-47700

 Synthetic opioid somewhat pink in color, NOT used medically  Intake: Snorted, swallowed, injected  Slang: Pinky, Pink, or U4  Effects: cold and clammy skin, coma, sedation, numbness, /death (U-47700 was found in combination with fentanyl during the autopsy of the American guitarist Prince in 2016) 68 TEEN TRENDS

2020 University of Michigan survey of students in 8th, 10th, and 12th grades on their behaviors and attitudes about substance use results the previous 12 months: 2017 to 2019 - vaped nicotine almost daily for 2020 *- 8th graders 7.5% to 16.5%, 8th graders - 16.6% 10th graders from 15.8% to 30.7% 10th graders - 30.7% 12th graders from 18.8% to 35.3% 12th graders - 34.5%

* February 11 through March 14, 2020, the MTF survey investigators collected 11,821 surveys in 112 schools before data collection stopped prematurely due to the COVID-19 pandemic. The surveys from early 2020 represent about 25% of the sample size of a typical year’s data collection, gathered from a broad geographic and representative sample, so the data were statistically weighted to provide national numbers. The University of Michigan researchers are working with schools to deploy the survey in early 2021 to gather data that will reflect substance use during the COVID-19 pandemic and related periods of social distancing. NIH – National Institute on Drug Abuse 2021 69 TIK TOK

 Benadryl is used normally as an and blocks the (responsible for saliva production, tear production, and facilitates functions like urination, heart rate, body temperature, brain functioning, and eye functioning.  This challenge asks people to take more than 12 Benadryl tablets in order for them to “get high”.  Can cause: High body temperature, blurred vision, unsteadiness, nausea/vomiting, confusion, high blood pressure, hallucinations, brain damage, seizures, heart attack, and even overdose.  Benadryl is especially dangerous when it is taken in combination with pain relievers. 70 DANGEROUS TIK TOK SKULLBREAKER CHALLENGE, CEREAL CHALLENGE, PENNY CHALLENGE DANGEROUS TEEN TRENDS 71 continued…….

 Purple Drank or Sizzurp – mixture of cough syrup (), jolly ranchers, and soda. When used with other drugs, it can be fatal.

 Huffing – putting cleaning fluids on a cloth or in a bag and breathing them. Effects the CNS and brain functioning. Can also cause liver and kidney damage and possibly death.

 Alcohol enemas/ Butt chugging – alcohol poured into the colon through the rectum. It delivers the alcohol directly to the bloodstream and can lead to blood poisoning and death.

– consuming small amounts of food during the day in order to leave room for consuming large amounts of alcohol later. It can lead to strong intoxication, blood sugar issues, serious hangovers, and lack of nutrients.

 Planking – competitive exercise that can ruin your health according to Harvard Health Publishing. Teens will lie on an object face down and trying to keep your balance for as long as possible, such as train tracks, escalators, tall rocks or carved statues, etc.

 Bath salts – contain MDPV and . Snorting, injecting, or smoking bath salts can cause chest pain, hallucinations, paranoia, psychosis, etc.

 Vodka eyeballing 72 TRENDS continued

➢ Tide pod challenge - films themselves biting into one of the laundry detergent pods. ➢ Duct tape challenge – taping to a pole and person must get away ➢ - requires someone to swallow a spoonful of cinnamon in 60 seconds ➢ Choking game - limited strangulation to reduce without taking a drink of water (caustic) to the brain, causing the participant to faint ➢ - the participant pour salt in their hand, add some ice cubes and see ➢ Trunking – hiding underage kids in the trunk so how long they can hold the salt and ice together not to violate curfew in a closed fist. Some require friends to hold the ➢ Condom snorting salt and ice mixture against the participant’s skin. Whoever can endure the most pain — “wins.” ➢ ChatRoulette – teens participating in ➢ Dipping and Juuling anonymous online chatroom that reveals a random person on the other side of the webcam, ➢ Online porn unknown that they are being watched ➢ Sleeping with a smartphone – danger lies in ➢ Vampire biting - biting each other, can notifications, radiation, limited sleep purchase prosthetics 73 TRENDS continued

Sky walking - basically involves a photographer making his way to a death-defying height, snapping a photo .. Many photographers are in their teens, and unfortunately, with no sign of safety equipment Car surfing - riding on the outside of a moving vehicle being driven by another person. It has resulted in numerous deaths, predominantly caused by head injuries.

Edibles - CannaHoney, MariButter, MariOil, Pot , 420PCH Bar, Pot Roll, MJ Gummy, Ultra Chews, Ultra Gummies, Pot Chips, Potle, MJBD Baking Products, CBDY, MEDSOD, Cannabol, A1 Oils, Hermosa Farm, CBDerm and Presto Patch CAN ALL BE ORDERED ONLINE. Others are cannabis suckers, gumdrops, and gummy bears, cookies, “Healthy” pot granola, pot tea, and cannabis punch; Cannabis milk chocolate, dark chocolate, and toffee chocolate; flavored CBD oil; Cannabis- infused popcorn, candy corn, and popcorn toppings. Sublingual edibles are made to move quickly into the bloodstream, creating a fast high. FIRST RESPONDERS CAN SAFELY ADMINISTER 74

Opioid Overdose Reversal with Naloxone (Narcan, Evzio)

• A medication designed to rapidly reverse • It is an —meaning that it binds to opioid receptors and can reverse and block the effects of other opioids.

• Quickly restores normal respiration if breathing has slowed or stopped as a result of overdosing with heroin or prescription opioid pain medications. CADDO SCHOOLS CONTACT 75 for additional information

Dr. Barzanna White Caddo Schools System Psychologist 318-603-6484 [email protected]

IRELAND 76 REFERENCES

➢ CDC Wonder, 2020 ➢ National Institute on ➢ Department of Justice/Drug and Alcoholism (NIAAA) Enforcement Agency/ dea.gov ➢ National Institute on Drug Abuse ➢ Dr. Andrew Mendonsa, Psy. D., MBA, IME clinical and forensic ➢ Safesupportivelearning.ed.gov psychologist ➢ Sprout Health Group ➢ Dr. Francis Rienzo, MD, East Coast Medical Director for Sprout Health ➢ Statista.com Group ➢ Tall Cop ➢ Dr. S. Sroka ➢ Truth Initiative.org ➢ Get Smart About Drugs ➢ United States Department of Health and ➢ Getty Images Human Resources ➢ Harvard Health Publishing Medical School ➢ Newport Academy Teen Treatment Center ➢ Justthinktwice.gov ➢ Washington State University Department of Nursing ➢ Louisiana Legislature legiscan.com ➢ Youth.gov