Final Environmental and Social Impact Assessment 60MW Batkurki Wind Power Project Project Number: 50195-001 March 2017 IND: ReNew Clean Energy Project Prepared by ERM India Private Limited The environmental and social impact assessment report is a document of the borrower. The views expressed herein do not necessarily represent those of ADB's Board of Directors, Management, or staff, and may be preliminary in nature. Your attention is directed to the “Term of Use” section of this website. In preparing any country program or strategy, financing any project, or by making any designation of or reference to a particular territory or geographic area in this document, the Asian Development Bank does not intend to make any judgments as to the legal or other status of any territory or area. Environmental and Social Impact Assessment of 60 MW Batkurki Wind Power Project: Ramdurg Taluka, Belgaum District, ReNew Wind Energy (Sipla) Private Limited Karnataka, India Final Report March 2017 www.erm.com The business of sustainability FINAL REPORT ReNew Wind Energy (Sipla) Private Limited Environmental and Social Impact Assessment of 60 MW Batkurki Wind Power Project: Ramdurg Taluka, Belgaum District, Karnataka, India 22 March 2017 Reference # I11932P/0365931 Prepared by: Anil Ota, Anupreet Anand, Karishma Sharma Reviewed by: Naval Chaudhary Principal Consultant Manish Singh Principal Consultant Approved by: Neena Singh Partner This report has been prepared by ERM India Private Limited a member of Environmental Resources Management Group of companies, with all reasonable skill, care and diligence within the terms of the Contract with the client, incorporating our General Terms and Conditions of Business and taking account of the resources devoted to it by agreement with the client. We disclaim any responsibility to the client and others in respect of any matters outside the scope of the above. This report is confidential to the client and we accept no responsibility of whatsoever nature to third parties to whom this report, or any part thereof, is made known. Any such party relies on the report at their own risk. ABBREVIATIONS Abbreviation Description ADB Asian Development Bank AENOR Spanish Standardisation and Certification Association ALARP As Low As Reasonably Practicable ANM Auxiliary Nurse Midwife AoI Area of Influence ASI Archaeological Survey of India ATS Agreement to Sale AWEA American Wind Energy Association BMTPC Building Materials and Technology Promotion Council of India BU Billion Unit CBO Community Based Organisation CDM Clean Development Mechanism CEA Central Electricity Authority CGWB Central Groundwater Board CH4 Methane CHC Community Health Centre CMS Convention of Migratory Species CO2 Carbon dioxide CPCB Central Pollution Control Board CPR Common Property Resources CR Critically Endangered CSR Corporate Social Responsibility CTE Consent to Establish DD Data Deficient DG Diesel Generator DIC District Industries Commissioner DISH Directorate Industrial Safety and Health Department E East E&S Environment and Social EHS Environment, Health and Safety EHV Extra-High Voltage EMF Electromagnetic Field EN Endangered ENVIS Environmental Information System EP Environmental Protection EPC Engineering, Procurement and Construction Contractor EPFIs Equator Principles Financing Institutions ERM Environmental Resources Management ESIA Environmental & Social Impact Assessment ESMP Environmental & Social Management Plan ESMS Environmental and Social Management System FCCC Framework Convention on Climate Change FGD Focussed Group Discussion FPIC Free, Prior and Informed Consent GHG Greenhouse Gas Abbreviation Description GoI Government of India GoK Government of Karnataka GP Gram Parishad H & S Health and Safety HDI Human Development Index HSE Health Safety and Environment HYV High Yield Variety IA Impact Assessment IAEA International Atomic Energy Agency ICAR Indian Council of Agricultural Research IEC International Electrotechnical Commission IFC International Finance Corporation ILO International Labour Organisation IMD Indian Meteorological Department IPP Independent Power Producer IUCN International Union for the Conservation of Nature KPTCL Karnataka Power Transmission Corporation KREDL Karnataka Renewable Energy Department Ltd KSPCB Karnataka State Pollution Control Board LC Least Concern MNRE Ministry of New and Renewable Energy MoEF Ministry of Environment and Forests MoEFCC Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change MoTA Ministry of Tribal Affairs MSW Municipal Solid Waste N North N2O Nitrous oxide NAAQ National Ambient Air Quality Standards NARP National Agricultural Research Project NASA National Aeronautics and Space Administration NE North-east NGO Non-Governmental Organisation NIWE National Institute of Wind Energy NOC No Objection Certificate NT Near Threatened NW North-west O&M Operation and Maintenance OH&S Occupational Health and Safety OPD Out Patient Department PHC Public Health Centre PPE Personal Protective Equipment PS Performance Standards PSS Pooling Substation PUC Pollution Under Control Certificate R&D Research and Development RoW Right of Way S South SC Scheduled Castes SE South-east Abbreviation Description SEHS Social, Environment, Health and Safety SPS Safety Policy Statement SRTM Shuttle Radar Topography Mission ST Scheduled Tribes SW South-west TSC Total Sanitation Campaign UTM Universal Transverse Mercator coordinate system VU Vulnerable WB World Bank WHO World Health Organisation WNA World Nuclear Association WPR Work Participation Ratio WTG Wind Turbine Generator Unit Description MW Mega Watt kV Kilo Volt m metre km Kilo metre m/s Metre per second m2 Metre square V Volt Hz Hertz rpm Rotations per minute m3/day Cubic metre per day L Litre m3 Cubic metre kVA Kilo volt ampere km/hr Kilo metre per hour kg/day Kilogram per day Tonnes/day Tonnes per day kg/WTG Kilo gram per wind turbine generator Ltr/month Litre per month ha Hectare MU Mega Unit Ceq/kWh Carbon equivalent per kilo watt hour CO2e/Gwh Carbon dioxide equivalent per Giga watt hour km2 Square kilometre amsl Above mean sea level mm Millimetre kmph Kilo metre per hour bgl Below Ground level dB(A) Decibel hrs Hours CONTENTS 1 INTRODUCTION 1 1.1 PURPOSE OF THE REPORT 1 1.2 APPLICABLE REFERENCE FRAMEWORK 1 1.3 RENEW POWER VENTURES PRIVATE LIMITED 2 1.3.1 Wind Energy 2 1.4 OVERVIEW OF THE PROJECT 3 1.5 OBJECTIVE AND SCOPE OF THE ASSESSMENT 6 1.5.1 Objective 6 1.5.2 Scope of Work 6 1.6 ESIA METHODOLOGY 7 1.6.1 Screening 8 1.6.2 Scoping 8 1.6.3 Project Description 8 1.6.4 Baseline Conditions 8 1.6.5 Stakeholder Analysis and Consultations 8 1.6.6 Impact Identification/Prediction 9 1.6.7 Analysis of Alternatives 9 1.6.8 Environmental and Social Management Plan (ESMP) 9 1.7 LIMITATIONS 9 1.7.1 Uses of this Report 10 1.8 LAYOUT OF THE REPORT 10 2 PROJECT DESCRIPTION 12 2.1 SITE SETTING 12 2.2 PROJECT COMPONENTS 13 2.2.1 Wind Farm 13 2.2.2 Wind Turbine Generators 13 2.2.3 Power Evacuation 17 2.2.4 Additional Project Infrastructure 17 2.2.5 Accessibility 17 2.3 PROJECT PHASES AND ACTIVITIES 21 2.3.1 Planning Phase 21 2.3.2 Construction Phase 21 2.3.3 Operation and Maintenance Phase 22 2.3.4 Decommissioning Phase 22 2.4 CONTRACTORS 22 2.5 RESOURCE REQUIREMENTS 23 2.5.1 Manpower requirement and facilities 23 2.5.2 Water requirement 23 2.5.3 Raw Materials 24 2.5.4 Fuel Requirement and Storage 24 2.5.5 Power Requirement 24 2.6 POLLUTION CONTROL MEASURES 25 2.6.1 Air Emissions 25 2.6.2 Wastewater Management 25 2.6.3 Solid & Hazardous Waste Management 26 2.6.4 Noise Control 27 2.6.5 Fire Safety and Security 27 2.7 PROJECT ORGANIZATION STRUCTURE 28 2.7.1 Project Proponent 28 2.7.2 Engineering, Procurement and Construction (EPC) Contractor 28 2.7.3 Operation & Maintenance Contractor 28 3 LAND REQUIREMENT AND PROCUREMENT PROCESS 29 3.1 LAND DETAILS 29 3.1.1 Project related land procurement and specific issues 30 3.1.2 Land details and existing procurement status for specific components 34 3.1.3 Land Purchase Process 36 4 APPLICABLE LEGAL AND REGULATORY FRAMEWORK 38 4.1 INTRODUCTION 38 4.2 INSTITUTION FRAMEWORK – ENFORCEMENT ACTIVITIES 38 4.3 APPLICABLE REGULATORY/POLICY FRAMEWORK 43 4.4 APPLICABLE ENVIRONMENTAL STANDARDS 44 4.4.1 National Level Standards 44 4.4.2 IFC/WB Standards 44 4.5 INTERNATIONAL STANDARDS 50 4.5.1 IFC Performance Standards 50 4.5.2 ADB Safeguard Policy Statement 52 5 SCREENING & SCOPING 53 5.1 SCREENING METHODOLOGY 53 5.1.1 Kick-off Meeting 53 5.1.2 Document Review 53 5.2 PROJECT CATEGORIZATION 54 5.2.1 Equator Principles and IFC 54 5.2.2 ADB Safeguard Policy 54 5.2.3 Category Justification 55 5.3 SCOPING METHODOLOGY 55 5.3.1 Scoping Matrix 56 6 ANALYSIS OF ALTERNATIVES 63 6.1 NO PROJECT SCENARIO 63 6.1.1 Power Scenario in India 63 6.1.2 Status of Power in the State of Karnataka 64 6.2 ALTERNATIVE SITE LOCATION 65 6.2.1 Alternative Locations for WTGs and Associated Facilities 65 6.3 ALTERNATIVE METHOD OF POWER GENERATION 66 6.3.1 Greenhouse Gas Emissions 67 6.3.2 Water Consumption 68 6.3.3 Carbon Offsetting 68 6.4 CONCLUSION 68 7 ENVIRONMENTAL, ECOLOGY AND SOCIAL BASELINE 69 7.1 LOCATION AND CONTEXT SETTINGS 69 7.2 AREA OF INFLUENCE 69 7.2.1 Study Area 69 7.3 ENVIRONMENTAL BASELINE MONITORING AND SURVEY 71 7.3.1 Collection of Primary Data 71 7.3.2 Collection of Secondary Baseline Data 71 7.4 ENVIRONMENTAL BASELINE FINDINGS 72 7.4.1 Topography 72 7.4.2 Hydrology and Drainage Pattern 75 7.4.3 Geology and Soil Classification 77 7.4.4 Climate and Meteorology 78 7.4.5 Natural Hazards 79 7.4.6 Land Use and Land Cover 79 7.4.7 Groundwater