Timeline of Major Events in Exploraon Up to Early 20

BCE 500 Defining Historical Events Explorers and Exploraon Science or Natural Philosophy Aristotle BCE 400 connected events Phei BCE 300

Hsui Erotstathenes

BCE 200 Hipparcus

BCE 100

0

Ptolemy CE 100 Empire Roman

200 th Church Starts Holy Roman Century

Aristotle’s Geocentric Universe (Earth Centered) 300

400 Great Germanic 500 Migraon

The Great Interrupon in Western Europe 600 Carolingian King Charlemagne Dies France, Germany, and

Byzanne Empire (Southeast Europe/Turkey) 700 Empire Switzerland Form Rise of Caliphs and the Great Arabic Empire

800

900 Viking Age Leif Ericsson

1000

1100 Marco Polo 1200 Prince Henry Exploraon Begins Sea Mongolian Empire Arabic Empire Diminished 1300 Mauro Fra Cheng Ho 1400 Diaz Copernicus Columbus

1500 Da Gama Vespucci Tycho Treaty of Ooman (Arabic) Empire Magellan Copernicus Treaty of Zaragosa

Kepler 1600 Galileo Tordesillas (Sun Centered) Era of Colonizaon and Imperialism

Heliocenc

Newton 1700 Cook

Universe Maxwell 1800 Einstein World War I

1900 Bang Big 2000 with the fall of the Berlin Wall. the end of WWII and ended in 1989 The and Soyuz spacecra in 1975. ended with the docking of the Apollo with the launch of Sputnik in 1957 and The From the Earth to the Moon

1850 Timeline of Major Events in Cold War / Space Race Defining Historical Events Selected Major Space Achievements Science/Engineering Jules Verne Cold War (1945-1989) Space Race (1957-1975)

1860

1870 started at began 1880 Tsiolkosky

1890 Wright Bro’s (1857-1935) First Flight Robert Goddard (1882-1945) 1900 World War I 1910 rocket first liquid Goddard

flies Atlanc 1920 Lindbergh Korolev

1930 Oberth World War II Von Braun (1912-1977) (1907-1966) Atomic Bomb (1894-1989) 1940 V2 launch formed WARSAW NATO formed PACT 1950 Sputnik USA/USSR Cold War Era Explorer 1 Crises Missile Cuban Gagarin

Space Race 1960 Mercury Project Armstrong moonwalk 1970 Gemini Project Richard Branson (1950-?) Apollo Project

1980 Apollo/Soyuz Shule First Space Jeff Bezos (1964-?) 1990 orbital mission First Chinese manned Space Shule Era Elon 2000 Musk (1971-?) Virgin Galacc suborbital flight wins X Prize First commercial manned spaceflight 2004-present: We are currently in the “Prince Henry Phase” of the Sea Exploraon Era Internaonal Space Staon (ISS)

2010 recovered from splashdown (Space X) First commercial orbital spacecra recovered aer splashdown (Space X) rendezvous and dock with ISS, First commercial orbital spacecra TODAY: Donald Trump elected President

2020

2030

2040

2050 100 Professor Churchill’s th

2060 birthday!

2070

2080

2090

2100 Space Race Begins Zoom-In Timeline of Major Events Space Race American Space Achievements Russian Space Achievements Historical Context 1956 Sputnik 1

1957 Explorer 1 dog in orbit Sputnik 2

1958 recovered alive 2 dogs in orbit Sputnik 5 at moon photos Luna 3 1959 1 orbit Gagarin

1960 suborbital Shepard Kennedy Speech Moon 1961 17 orbits Titov suborbital Grissom in orbit at same me 2 manned spacecra Vostok 3 orbits Glenn 1962 3&4 1 5 day duraon 1 2 manned spacecra Vostok 4 orbits Carpenter st st

woman in space 1963 3 person crew 1 6 orbits Shirra EVA/Spacewalk st spacewalk Voskhod 5&6 Voskhod 24 orbits Cooper

1964 Gem IV 1 2

1965 Flight Shakedown Gem III VI: 1 VII:14 day duraon Gem VI/VII 5 day duraon Gem V st 1 Gem VIII Rendezvous w/ VII 1966 st docking 1 Luna 9 st EVA 2 Gem IX Lander on Moon nd EVA 4 Gem XI docking EVA 5 Gem XII th th docking 1967 docking EVA 3 Gem X rd docking The Fire Apollo 1 In LEO Shakedown Apollo 7

1968 Moonshot Apollo 8 Apollo 9 LM Test In LEO

1969 Tranquility Base Apollo 11 Lunar Orbit LM Test Apollo 10 Aborted Apollo 13 Sea of Storms Apollo 12 1970 1 Venera st Lander on Venus 7 1971 Fra Mauro Apollo 14 w/ Rover Apennines/Hadley Apollo 15 w/ Rover Descartes Plains Apollo 16 In LEO 1 Salute st

manned space staon 1972 another planet 1 Mariner 9 w/ Rover Taurus/ Apollo 17 st orbiter of 1973 1 Mars 3 st Lander on Mars Liro 1974

In LEO 3 man space staon Skylab launched Mulnaonal docking Apollo 1975 / Soyuz Space Race Ends 1976

Bold faced events are Firsts

1977

1978

1979 Reusable Vehicle 1 st Space Shule

1980

1981