The Future Of IaaS Is In The The right cloud service partner can help navigate infrastructure challenges, maximise opportunities and mitigate risks!

2 China Telecom Global: Cloud IaaS Is Not A Commodity

5 Technology Insight for Cloud Infrastructure

16 About China Telecom Global 2 l The Future Of IaaS Is In The Cloud and performance. speed ofprovisioning,qualityuserexperience,infrastructureavailability variance inthenumberofavailableoptions,qualityimplementation, provision compute,storageandnetworkingresources,thereisdramatic While allcloudIaaSofferings willallcontainthebasiccapabilityto deliver newIaaScapabilitiesatacompetitivecostrapidly. take caretoevaluateprovidersontheircapabilities,aswellability that enterpriseinnovationleadersresponsibleforcloudcomputingshould cycle”. “…cloud IaaSisnotacommodityandhasanextremelyfastinnovation report entitled‘Technology InsightforCloudInfrastructureasaService’, While weseethatcloudIaaSisincreasinglypopular, accordingtoGartner’s Evaluate ProvidersOn Their Capabilities on non-cloudIT infrastructurewithinthenextfouryears. infrastructure –includingon-premisesprivatecloudwillovertakespending What’s more,punditspredictthatoverall investmentoncloudIT percent in2018toreach$40.8billion.” ( growing segmentofthemarketiscloudsysteminfrastructureservices cloud infrastructuregrowatarapidclip.Gartnerreportsthat“...thefastest- Cloud adoptionisclearlyaccelerating,whichmakingthemarketfor get there. be inthecloud.It’s whatkindofclouddoweneed,andhowaregoingto comes toenterpriseIT, theburningquestionisnolongerwhetheritshould Hamlet famouslyponderedwhether“tobeornottobe.”However, whenit IaaS IsNot A Commodity China Telecom Global:Cloud another way, notallcloudprovidersarecreatedequal. effectiveness andvalueformoneyofthose implementations”. goals, thequalityoftechnical implementations,andthecost- points out,“...thereisconsiderable varianceinserviceproviderdesign Although IaaSistypicallyintended toreduceuserconcerns,asGartner Not All CloudProviders Are CreatedEqual fashion. deploying andmanagingmiddlewareapplicationsinanautomated monitoring anduser-controlledorchestration,aswellcapabilities for encompass arangeofIT operationsmanagementcapabilities,suchas Cloud IaaSofferings maycontainextensiveadditionalfunctionality, infrastructure asaservice 2 That ispartlybecausetheinnovationcycleswift.Whichmeans orIaaS),whichisforecasttogrow35.9 1 Source: China Telecom Global 3 Or, to putit The Future Of IaaS Is In The Cloud l 3 have also established a dedicated network of gateway nodes to major public cloud platforms to ensure fast and agile public cloud connections for customers transferring their applications to the cloud. leading SLA commitment are also available for addressing commitment leading SLA disaster server, business needs, such as private cloud, email Advantages recovery (DR) site or managed services. Abundant world to host CTG is already helping customers all over the patterns both new and existing workloads. Certain workload to cloud IaaS offerings may be better served by different achieve an optimal fit to virtually any use case. For example, when it comes to development environments, financial institutions worldwide are increasingly embracing technology to make innovations in their operations and these fintech enhance the customer experience. However, projects could put pressure on DevOps teams to set up or take while maintaining down secured test environments quickly, internal and fast and reliable interconnection among different They also need to re- collaborations. third parties for effective configure workloads with no upfront cost. solution can help latest cloud-based SD-WAN CTG’s with robust customers simplify their cloud connectivity, We and policy enforcement. application identification, security, An Extensive Portfolio an Global portfolio is extensive. With Telecom The China we have designed our services for emphasis on integration, major cloud platforms in China and full compatibility with all overseas, Azure, including AWS, and Aliyun. that new cloud One significant benefit of this approach is their cloud adopters and start-ups can quickly ramp up cloud- capabilities with these solutions. For more established compatibility and based and large enterprises, the high level of the services offer easy integration of network and public cloud for their workloads, flexibility to choose the right cloud platform where and when they need it. portal. In CTG provides IaaS service on its cloud service with industry- addition, diverse customised enterprise solutions management. It also allows companies to grow their network networks based with different faster and work more effectively on business requirements. (SD-WAN), which provide customers with an all-new which provide customers (SD-WAN), minimal network experience characterised by quick delivery, configuration and centralised control. By virtually separating network device management and teams can optimise and streamline centralising it, IT That’s not all. Next year (2019) we will be adding even more not all. Next year (2019) we will be adding even more That’s to cater to Europe and the USA APAC, data centre resources in customer demand for global coverage. CTG has also taken a pioneering step with software-defined networking (SDN) and a software-defined wide area network CTG is aggressively putting that philosophy into focus. For CTG is aggressively putting that philosophy Asia Pacific example, CTG recently reinforced its position as an market-leading data centre services information hub by offering III+ data centre in Hong Kong’s Tier at the new carrier-neutral, Kwan O district. Tseung but also the data centre services to meet the requirements of but also the data centre services to meet the means creating globalisation and digitisation. In practice, that capable of a highly-scalable, secure and resilient offering Asia strategic goals across the supporting our customers’ Pacific and beyond. by a resilient, carrier-grade data network. Together, they enable Together, by a resilient, carrier-grade data network. in other enterprises of all sizes to explore new opportunities seize revenue geographies, accelerate expansion plans and opportunities no matter where they arise. network, are focused on developing, not just a best-in-class We worldwide network coverage through over 300+ domestic nodesworldwide network coverage through over 300+ That the globe. within China and more than 26 nodes across data centresextensive footprint includes more than 10 Americas. and the EMEA APAC, (IDCs) across They are interconnected These IDCs aren’t standalone facilities. especially crucial for enterprises looking for international and especially crucial for enterprises provider turns out to be lacking, then global support. If their can end up being a massive bottle-neck the move to the cloud growth. rather than enabling business secure, dedicated, offer We not a risk for CTG customers. That’s Making the right choice always matters. However, it is always matters. However, Making the right choice 4 l The Future Of IaaS Is In The Cloud 2-4 1 and regions,offers easy accesstoyourportalfromeverypart internet connectivity. Ournetworkof176PoPsin33countries China Telecom isperfectlypositioned tobeapartnerfor As oneoftheworld’s largestfixedandmobileserviceoperators, scaled toachieveefficienciesbasedonmarketdemands. infrastructures, wherepartnershipscanbequicklyformedand need anIaaSplatformthathelpsenterprisestocreateagile software ateveryend-pointintheirtradingcommunity. They between theirtradingpartners,withoutdeployingtheproprietary One ofthemisquicklyestablishingreliableconnections challenges comparedtotheirconsumer-facingcounterparts. Business-to-business organisationsfaceadifferent setof need itmost. turn, ensuressuperiorcontentdeliveryperformancewhenyou prevent serviceinterruptionsandimprovessecurity. Which,in utilise cachingtoreducehostingbandwidth. This helpsto downloads, CTG’s cloud-basedCDNsolutioncanhelpyou When streaminglow-latencycontent,suchassoftware transit providersandtheirroutingpolicies. content tolastmilenetworkswithoutrelyingonthird-party cloud serversmanagedbyChina Telecom, anddeliveryour example, youcoulddeployyourCDNnetworkondedicated distributed end-pointsacrosstheworld,includingChina.For to efficientlydeliverinternet-basedcontentgeographically China Telecom Globaloffers thetoolsthatbusinessesneed availability iscriticaltotheirsuccess. of-mind forbothSaaSprovidersandtheircustomers,asservice infrastructure. However, securityandperformanceremaintop- important, andbecominganintegralcomponentofbusiness That’s nottheendofstory. SaaShostingisincreasingly burden andmoreeffective costcontrol. include simplerDevOpsinfrastructure,loweradministrative days orweekscannowbedoneinminutes.Otherbenefits The resultismuchfastertime-to-service,aswhatoncetook Gartner Inc.,Press Release,https://www.gartner.com/newsroom/id/3871416, 12 April, 2018 Gartner Inc., Technology InsightforCloudInfrastructureasaService, 4May2017,G00319911 dry pipefiresuppressionsystems,aswellglobaldisaster protected by24x7environmentalcontrolmonitoringandalerts, IDCs areequippedwithmultilateralsecuritycontrols,and CTG’s extensive network ofIDCsallovertheworld. These as datacanbemirroredatmultipleredundantsiteswithin In fact,disasterrecoverybecomeseasierandlessexpensive, CTG, theydon’thaveto. can’t afford totakeanychanceswhendisasterstrikes.With well. However, enterprisesandpublicsectororganisations It’s easy tooverlookanyshortcomingswhenthingsaregoing operations orpartnersinChina. China access,perfectlysuitedtomultinationalenterpriseswith network andover510IDCs,allowsustoprovidepremium of theworld.OurstrongfootprintinChina,withanationwide company freetofocusonitsgrowthambitionsandstrategies. challenges, maximiseopportunitiesandmitigaterisks,leavinga cloud servicepartnerlikeCTGcanhelpnavigateinfrastructure There isnoreasontoembarkonacloudjourneyalone. A determine whetheritistherightchoice. technical characteristicsandbusinessmodel,to provider’s Therefore, itiscriticalforenterprisestolookatanypotential portion oftheirworkloads,thepercentageisgrowing. although todaymostorganisationsonlyusecloudIaaSfora fastest-growing areasofcloudcomputingadoption”. As theGartnerreportpointsout,“...cloudIaaSisoneof Don’t GoIt Alone recovery solutions.

4 Moreover, The Future Of IaaS Is In The Cloud l 5

; we as a Lydia Leong, 4 May 2017 Lydia technology platform Source: Gartner Research, G00319911, G00319911, Source: Gartner Research, , and cloud infrastructure as a Cloud IaaS is not a commodity and has an extremely fast Cloud IaaS is not a commodity and has an extremely innovation cycle. providers, Adopt market-leading integrated IaaS and PaaS Azure, or Services (AWS) Amazon Web such as order to when public cloud services are an option, in achieve maximize access to innovative capabilities and long-term cost-efficiency. of IT. It is part of a range of cloud deployment options, as of IT. illustrated in Figure 1. Gartner draws a distinction between cloud infrastructure service call the latter “cloud-enabled system infrastructure” (CESI). In cloud IaaS, the capabilities of a CESI are directly exposed to other services, the subscriber through self-service. However, including noncloud services, may be delivered on top of a CESI; examples include cloud-enabled managed hosting, data Cloud IaaS is one of the fastest-growing areas of cloud Cloud IaaS is one of the fastest-growing areas with computing adoption. It is a maturing technology Although most organizations use cloud mainstream adoption. percentage of IaaS for only a portion of their workloads, the and growing workloads in cloud IaaS is approximately 15% rapidly. Definition where offering Cloud IaaS is a standardized, highly automated and networking compute resources, complemented by storage to capabilities, are owned by a service provider and offered The resources are scalable and the customer on demand. elastic in near real time and are metered by use. Self-service including an interfaces are exposed directly to the customer, The resources may API and a graphical user interface (GUI). be single- or multitenant, and are hosted either by the service or on-premises in the customer’s . provider, Description is a style of computing in which scalable and capabilities are delivered as a service using elastic IT-enabled internet technologies. Cloud IaaS is a type of cloud computing service; it parallels the infrastructure and data center initiatives • Analysis

application life cycle, across development and operations, to maximize benefits. organizations) on Evaluate providers (including internal IT capabilities, as well as their ability to their differentiated rapidly deliver new IaaS capabilities at a competitive cost. Use cloud IaaS to gain access to new IT capabilities, Use cloud IaaS to gain access to new IT improve developer productivity and improve business agility, transformation. Cost reductions are possible, but drive IT should probably be a secondary consideration. Rethink the their offerings. However, optimal use of cloud IaaS requires optimal However, their offerings. skills and disciplines. somewhat different Cloud IaaS infrastructure resources are “self-managed”; that Cloud IaaS infrastructure resources are “self-managed”; is, the subscriber (customer) is responsible for the operating system (OS) and the layers above, including the middleware The and application layers, and all associated security. subscriber may outsource this management; many IaaS managed services that can be bundled with providers offer multitenant, and can be hosted either on the customer multitenant, and can be hosted either on the can be The offering premises or in an external data center. IaaS can industrialized or bespoke (custom-made). Cloud use cases; it is be used for a broad range of workloads and a maturing technology with mainstream adoption. Cloud infrastructure as a service (IaaS) provides self- Cloud infrastructure as a service (IaaS) provides scalable service, on-demand, near-real-time access to service can be The and elastic infrastructure resources. external organization or by an delivered by an internal IT resources may be single-tenant or The service provider. • responsible for cloud computing should: • Recommendations Enterprise architecture and technology innovation leaders • Key Findings • Cloud infrastructure as a service provides self-service, Cloud infrastructure as a service provides self-service, Enterprise on-demand access to infrastructure resources. can use it to architecture and technology innovation leaders reduce improve business agility and developer productivity, transformation. costs, and enable IT Technology Insight for Cloud Infrastructure as a Service Infrastructure Insight for Cloud Technology 6 l The Future Of IaaS Is In The Cloud – thatareusingtheservice. The “serviceprovider”istheentity (rarely) anindividual. A subscribermayhavemultiple“endusers” subscriber maybeanentirebusiness,abusinessunit,teamor The “subscriber”istheentitythatreceivesservice. A Components ofCloudIaaS Spectrum ofCloudValue.” in greaterdetail“Four Types ofCloudComputingDefinea well asthebenefitsderived. We describethesedistinctions the providerisinternalIT oranexternalserviceprovider),as between theproviderandcustomer(regardlessofwhether IaaS. This isimportantbecauseofthedivisionresponsibilities Gartner alsoholdstoastrictdefinitionofwhatconstitutescloud Is Not”formoreinformationonthisdistinction.) Infrastructure asaService”and“Five Things That PrivateCloud Be FooledbyOfferings FalselyMasqueradingasCloud Overview forCloud-EnabledSystemInfrastructure,”“Don’t center outsourcinganddisasterrecovery. (See“Technology Source: Gartner(May 2017) figure 1.CloudDeploymentOptions • • IaaS offering: The followingcomponentsarenormallyincludedinacloud organization, oritmaybeviaanexternalserviceprovider. internalIT that deliverstheservice;itmaybesubscriber’s Physical hardware. meets theservicedeliverycommitments. is responsibleforensuringthatthephysicalenvironment colocation facility;regardlessofthemodeownership,it provider mayownorleaseitsdatacenter, oritmayusea provider willhosttheinfrastructureinitsdatacenter. The third-party datacenter(suchasacolocationfacility),the IaaS offering thatisdeployedinitsowndatacenterora Data center. custom privatecloudIaaSoffering foraspecificsubscriber. chooses allofthehardwareused–unlessitisbuildinga storage arraysandnetworkdevices. The providernormally the hardwareassociatedwithoffering, suchasservers, Unlessthesubscriberhaschosenan The service provider will operate all The serviceproviderwilloperateall The Future Of IaaS Is In The Cloud l 7

The provider The provider will When the A provider will normally offer customer customer provider will normally offer A Identity and access management (IAM). portal, provide mechanisms for logging into the web-based API. Most providers allow and authenticating against the resource multiple users to share a single account, with control permissions controlled via role-based access vary (RBAC). IAM feature sets and quality of security widely. support. Technical as part of support (billing and administrative support), multiple a provider may offer However, the offering. options for technical support, with higher levels of support incurring larger costs. Note that technical support is distinct from managed and professional services. For external providers, the most basic form of technical support may be “community” support, where customers can ask questions recommend that customers in the support forums. We elect to buy enterprise-grade support when using an external provider. Wide-area network (WAN) connectivity. network (WAN) Wide-area the provider is hosted in the provider’soffering data center, bandwidth, as well as a means internet will normally offer to the subscriber’s IaaS offering of connecting the cloud that the subscriber so provider, chosen telecommunications provider is responsible The can obtain private connectivity. is hosted in the for operating its network. If the offering the subscriber is normally subscriber’s data center, responsible for the WAN. Control plane and self-service interfaces. for the is responsible for all orchestration and automation itself. It will normally expose self-service cloud IaaS offering interfaces to the subscriber in the form of a web-based API to API. (The subscriber can then use the portal and an implement additional automation.)

of provisioning, quality of user experience, infrastructure availability and performance. Furthermore, cloud IaaS offerings encompassing may contain extensive additional functionality, operations management capabilities, such a range of IT as monitoring and user-controlled orchestration, as well as capabilities for deploying and managing middleware and applications in an automated fashion. • • will While cloud IaaS offerings Cloud IaaS is not a commodity. all contain the basic capability to provision compute, storage and networking resources, there is dramatic variance in the number of available options, quality of implementation, speed Your title Your organization Your • • “Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetuer consectetuer sit amet, dolor ipsum “Lorem eget justo.” Phasellus elit. adipiscing name Your There must be a LAN between A compute instance can either be a compute instance A When a compute instance is provisioned, A compute instance needs access to files or A Local-area network (LAN). provider is responsible for LAN operations. Many providers higher-level networking functions as well, such as load offer balancing, network security and DNS. remain the subscriber’s responsibility. compute instances, as well as a LAN between compute instances and any network-attached storage devices; this The may be two networks, or a single converged network. specific compute instance, or it may be independent of a This type of storage is distinct from what compute instance. is commonly known as “,” which is object- The provider is responsible API-accessible storage. based, the provider for storage operations. In most cases, however, is not responsible for activities such as data backup, which configurations. When coupled with subscription and billing configurations. When coupled with subscription becomes a mechanisms for third-party software, the catalog marketplace. block storage; at minimum, it requires a boot volume with an operating system. Storage may be associated with a may contain images that are supplied by the subscriber or may contain images that are supplied by the in addition third parties; images may include other software mechanism to the OS. If a provider supports a template of an (blueprints that can automate the provisioning catalog; a entire solution), there may also be a template template may contain multiple images and infrastructure typically run within a compute instance. Image catalog. An image catalog contains, at minimum, it needs an OS. – for instance, OS images that are supplied by the provider image catalogs Linux and Windows images. More advanced some offerings may also include an option for bare metal. some offerings the service provider is responsible When VMs are offered, and hypervisor for operating the virtualization management for the subscriber is normally responsible However, layer. providers may everything at the OS layer and above. Some a container service for OS containers; containers also offer although some providers may permit arrangements in whichalthough some providers leases the equipment. the subscriber owns or Compute instances. a bare-metal (nonvirtualized) server. virtual machine (VM) or VMs, but are normally delivered on Cloud IaaS offerings The provider normally owns or leases all of the equipment,The provider normally

• • Storage. • • 8 l The Future Of IaaS Is In The Cloud 1 consider: describing cloudIaaS,therearethreeimportantdimensionsto “public cloud”and“privateinaconsistentfashion.When Unfortunately, theindustrydoesnottend tousetheterms Public Versus PrivateCloudIaaS may unnecessarilyincreasecosts. development environmentswherebundledmanagedservices often prefermanagedservicestobeunbundled,particularlyin common withinternalprivateclouds.However, subscribers services alongwithacloudIaaSoffering; thisisparticularly IaaS provider. Someprovidersdobundlemandatorymanaged from whatever provider they potentially the want, cloud including most cases,theycanchoosetoobtainthosemanagedservices other componentsthatarenotpartofthecoreIaaSoffering; in subscriber canchoosetoaddmanagedservicesfortheOSand and everythingaboveit,suchasmiddlewareapplications. A layer, andthesubscriber isresponsibleformanagingtheOS service providerisresponsibleforeverythingbelowtheOS Cloud IaaSisnormallyaself-managedoffering –thatis,the as Stackmayenablesuchinternalofferings. IT organizationtobuildsuchaservice;futuretechnologies Integrated IaaSandPaaS.”Intheory, itwould bepossibleforan (IaaS+PaaS) arediscussedindetail“Technology Insightfor value thanwithcloudIaaSalone.IntegratedandPaaS fully integratedenvironment,customersobtainmuchgreater of PaaScapabilities.WhenIaaSandareoffered ina An increasingnumberofcloudIaaSprovidersalsooffer arange IaaS environment. easier forcustomerstoobtainandlicensesoftwarethecloud This maybepartofasoftwaremarketplace,whichmakesit provision aVMwithcertainsoftwarepackagepreinstalled. A commonoffering isIaaS+,whereacustomercanone-click the spectrumbetweenIaaSandplatformasaservice(PaaS). infrastructure services,whichtypicallyexistsomewhereon Many cloudIaaSprovidersalsooffer cloudsoftware Your organization Your title Your name adipiscing elit.Phasellusegetjusto.” “Lorem ipsumdolorsitamet,consectetuer OS layer. The operatorisresponsibleforeverything belowthe which casethatIT organizationisthe“serviceprovider”). insourced –deliveredbyaninternalIT organization(in delivered byanexternalserviceprovider;oritmaybe Who operatesit? CloudIaaSmaybeoutsourced–

Typically, “privatecloud”referstosingle-tenantofferings – 3 2 terminology asitisusedinthisresearch. Table 1summarizesthecommonsituationsandrelevant general categoryoftechnology. offerings called“virtualprivatecloud”evenbelongtothesame way whenprovidersbrandofferings; donotassumethat shared. Notethat“virtualprivatecloud”isusedinanarbitrary private”; alwaysaskproviderstospecifyexactlywhatis there isnoconsistencyatallintheuseofterm“virtual accurately) usetheterms“public”and“private,”likewise, Generally, externalprovidersdonotconsistently(and compute isavailable. be “privatecloud,”regardlessofwhetherornotsingle-tenant in whichthedatacenter, networkandstoragearesharedto are shared.However, Gartnerdoesnotconsideranyofferings the computeissingle-tenant,eventhoughallotheraspects one another. Someproviderswillcallanoffering “private” if subscribers haveexplicitlychosentosharetheoffering with is the“communitycloud,”amultitenantoffering wherethe cloud” referstomultitenantofferings; aspecialformofthis that aredeliveredbyaninternalIT organization.“Public premises,orofferingsofferings thatare onthesubscriber’s otherwise multitenantoffering. (sometimes called“dedicatedcompute”)withinan service providersoffer theoptionofsingle-tenantcompute typically shared–theyaremultitenant.However, many premises,alloftheseaspectsare on thesubscriber’s multiple subscribers.UnlesscloudIaaSisbeingdelivered and computeresourcescanpotentiallybesharedamong What isshared? premises oroff-premises. datacenter.IaaS provider’s Inotherwords,itcanbeon- choice,orinthecloud data centerofthesubscriber’s datacenter,premises inthesubscriber’s inathird-party Where isitlocated? The datacenter, networking,storage Cloud IaaSmaybedeliveredon- The Future Of IaaS Is In The Cloud l 9 The subscriber Vendor and sourcing management. Vendor needs to have an employee who is responsible for ensuring that the provider delivers the promised service offering, There must be a point at the agreed-upon service levels. Shared None None network Data center, in industry No consistent use of terminology network, storage Data center, network, storage, compute Data center, Same as public, but community-only sharing cycle than industrialized offerings. Customer Responsibilities needs to the subscriber In order to use cloud IaaS effectively, provide the following functions: • governance. (See “Successful Hybrid Cloud Deployment Requiresgovernance. (See “Successful Hybrid Cloud Deployment guidance.) Areas” for Maturity in Four Key Offerings Bespoke IaaS Industrialized Versus – it is a is always industrialized public cloud IaaS offering A where every subscriber receivescompletely standardized offering service provider may offer A the exact same set of capabilities. standardizedadditional customization options on top of the is always industrialized. but the core of the offering offering, be may Private and community cloud IaaS offerings An industrialized offering industrialized, or they may be bespoke. is built and operated exactly the same for every customer; in fact, it may simply be a single-tenant version of the provider’s many service providers However, public cloud IaaS offering. for a customer. will build and operate a bespoke IaaS offering may be custom-designed, custom-built, or bespoke offering A custom-operated, depending on what the provider is willing may be based on a reference offering bespoke A to offer. architecture, so that many customers have the same or can substantially similar implementations. Bespoke offerings typically be operated in a distinct fashion for each customer. are often significantly more expensive than Bespoke offerings and typically have a slower innovation industrialized offerings, Some internal IT organizations may create a hybrid cloud organizations may create a hybrid Some internal IT likely includingservice by combining one or more IaaS offerings, and unified self-service an internal private cloud, and offering Location Subscriber Subscriber Provider Provider Provider Provider Provider Operated By Internal IT Provider Provider Provider Provider Provider Provider Public cloud with dedicated compute Public cloud Community cloud Type Internal private cloud Outsourced private cloud Hosted private cloud private cloud Virtual services are consumed both on-premises and off-premises. support particular cloud IaaS providers. a single platform that can be consistently Some providers offer deployed and managed – regardless of whether it is multitenant These providers or single-tenant, and regardless of its location. cloud service if their a hybrid may be considered as offering Hybrid cloud orchestration occurs when the integration between cloud automation domains involves a single control plane that allows dynamic provisioning of workloads across the different such cloud automation domains. Some providers will offer solutions themselves. Such software must generally explicitly – most often to refer to a combination of VMs and bare-metal servers, or managed hosting on a cloud IaaS platform. Gartner uses “hybrid cloud service” to mean a service that crosses isolation and provider boundaries – a combination of multiple services. (See “Get Past the Confusion Surrounding Hybrid Cloud Computing” for our complete definition.) infrastructure for an existing portfolio of applications, infrastructure for an existing portfolio of applications, cloud-inspired thus serving a valuable function. However, infrastructure should not be confused with cloud IaaS. Hybrid Cloud IaaS Providers may use the word “hybrid cloud” in a variety of ways they have all the attributes of cloud infrastructure.) but not all, of Cloud-inspired infrastructure provides some, does not have the benefits of true cloud infrastructure, but computing. all the attributes that are definitional to cloud to modernize Cloud-inspired infrastructure is typically used Internal Private Cloud internal private cloud IaaS has all the attributes of cloud True they have a infrastructure – but customers often call what such attributes. “private cloud” even when it does not have all that 42% of respondents recent Gartner survey indicated (A only 7% said believed they had an internal private cloud, but Source: Gartner (May 2017) Table 1. Common Types of Cloud IaaS Types 1. Common Table 10 l The Future Of IaaS Is In The Cloud • Governance. • • and trackwhatend usersdo–maybeuseful.Such tools, offering, thenagovernancetool– whichisusedtocontrol the subscriberhasendusersthat directlyconsumetheIaaS tool. However,a governance be unnecessarytoimplement if engineers). Ifonlyadministrators use theoffering, itmight technical endusers(suchasdevelopers, scientistsand administrators (normallyIT operationspersonnel)and its users.Mostsubscribershavetwotypesofusers– controls arenecessary. configure thosecontrols,aswelladdwhateveradditional However, itistheresponsibilityofsubscribertocorrectly additional securitycontrols,particularlyatthenetworklevel. virtualization layers. The providermayalsooffer some provide securityatthephysicaldatacenter, hardware and Responsibility”). The cloudIaaSproviderwillnormally provider (see“StayingSecureintheCloudIsaShared always asharedresponsibilitybetweenthesubscriberand subscriber maychoosetooutsourcethis.Securityis IT administratorsthatwillassumethisresponsibility. The performance. Consequently, thesubscribermustprovide and operations,includingapplicationavailability responsible fortheirapplicationarchitecture,implementation and responsiblefortheirowndata. The subscriberis layer andabove,responsibleforsecuritycompliance, IT administration. develop theirowninternalexpertise. cloud IaaSmaywanttomakeuseofconsultantsuntilthey that containsthesearchitects.Organizationsarenewto may wanttobuildacloudIaaScenterofexcellence(COE) and templatesfortheorganization.Largerorganizations policies, best-practiceguidelines,referencearchitectures best waytousetheIaaSplatform. This architectmaycreate is typicallyanarchitectwhoabletoadviseusersonthe a subject-matterexpertonthiscloudIaaSoffering. This Subject matterexpertise. this isaninternalprivatecloud. products arebeingusedonthecloudinfrastructure,evenif agreements withanycommercialsoftwarevendorswhose the subscriberisincompliancewithsoftwarelicensing The procurementdepartmentalsoneedstoensurethat negotiating discountsagainstthisconsolidatedspend. contract, trackingtheoverallspendonoffering and managing thecontract,whateveraccountsareunderthat an externalprovider, someonemustberesponsiblefor to obtainaccessthecloudIaaSoffering. Whenusing of contactforpersonnelwithintheorganizationthatwant The subscriberisresponsibleforcontrolling The subscriberisresponsiblefortheOS The subscriberneedstohave • purposes ofchargeback orshowback. on howIT organizations canpriceIaaScapabilities forthe “Calculating Per-VM CostsinPrivateClouds”forguidance The costofinternalprivateclouds variessignificantly;see additional capabilitiessuchasload balancingandmonitoring. network bandwidthconsumed,and mayalsochargefor for computeresourcesprovisioned,storageconsumedand a per-minutemeteringincrement.Providersnormallycharge basis, althoughtheexternalprovidermarketismovingtoward In cloudIaaS,resourcesaretypicallymeteredonanhourly Pricing PaaS” forinitialguidance. See “ImplementingGovernanceforPublicCloudIaaSand the interactionofbusinessmanagementwithIT management. organizations, legalandregulatorycompliancefunctions, they mayimpactfinance,sourcingandprocurement Note thattheseimpactsarenotconfinedtotheIT organization; for newmanagementtoolsandtheimpactoncareerpaths. underestimate trainingneeds,processimpacts,requirements of thosetwodisciplinesinDevOps.Organizationsshouldnot development andinoperations–often,theconvergence from cloudIaaSrequirethedevelopmentofnewskills,bothin Optimal useofcloudIaaSandextractingthemaximumbenefits “Getting HelpWithImplementingCloudIaaS”fordetails. offering canuse a third-party-managedserviceprovider. See Customers thatdonotwanttoberesponsibleformanagingthe cannot beexpandedondemand.Mostcustomersof clouds andotherIaaSenvironmentswhereoverallcapacity capacity planningismuchmorecriticalforinternalprivate built intotheCMP oravailableasanadd-ontotheCMP; In internalprivateclouds,financialmanagementmaybe to eliminateinfrastructurethatisnolongerbeingused. to theapplication,inordercontrolrecurringcostsand Organizations musttakecaretorightsizetheinfrastructure critical elementforcostcontrolandbudgetforecasting. Capacity management. Selection Methodology”formoreonmanagementtools.) and ServiceMesh.(See“IaaSCloudManagement Tool for endusers.ExamplesofCMPsincludeCliQr, Scalr offer acustomizableportalandservicecatalogdesigned known ascloudmanagementplatforms(CMPs),typically Expense Management Tools” fordetails). Analytics (see“InnovationInsightforCloudService tool, suchasCloudyn,CloudHealthorRightScaleCloud external cloudIaaSproviderswillwantacostmanagement Capacity managementisa The Future Of IaaS Is In The Cloud l 11 Cloud IaaS is often used Cloud IaaS is often used Many SaaS providers and vendors that they are often among the initial use cases when organizations adopt cloud IaaS, as the business often considers these projects to be urgent – driving the use of an external cloud IaaS provider in order to meet immediate infrastructure needs. Digital marketing agencies also often prefer to work with external cloud IaaS providers and may be able to deliver projects more quickly when these providers are used. for preproduction staging environments as well. Some for preproduction staging environments as well. simply organizations that adopt cloud IaaS for this purpose operations in provisioning use it as a way to assist IT Most, however, development infrastructure more rapidly. via the directly allow developers to self-service, either a governance API, or via native portal or offering’s for the tool. Most organizations first adopt cloud IaaS it becomes development of new applications; over time, an integral part of the full life cycle of those applications, including production deployment. SaaS hosting. from a hosted software use a cloud IaaS offering offer This can be one of the first ways that an service provider. organization ends up adopting cloud IaaS. In some cases, while in other the IaaS contract is held by the subscriber, cases, it is held by the provider. Consumer-facing hosting. to host consumer-facing content and applications, such as e-marketing, e-commerce, e-CRM and gaming. It is frequently used to host social and mobile initiatives, including the back end of mobile applications and Internet use cases are often These Things (IoT) applications. of mission-critical or otherwise highly visible. Nevertheless, Development environments. may be used for application development and testing, and • • its e-commerce website entirely hosted in cloud IaaS, but its e-commerce website RAC database cluster in a nearby have its back-end Oracle that is cross-connected with the cloud colocation data center additional information, see “Hybrid For provider’s data center. Computing.” Architectures for Cloud center environments, when using cloud As is true with all data availability IaaS, attention needs to be paid to performance, – and and security when developing the system architecture needs. needs to be chosen to address these the right offering Common Use Cases The following use cases are common: • applications that do not perform well under virtualization. Some applications that have components that cannot be hosted in cloud IaaS for technical reasons can be split between cloud IaaS and dedicated equipment in cross-connected colocation, allowing the components to communicate within LAN latencies. For example, an organization might have the front end of Design Cloud-Native Applications” and “A Guidance Framework Applications” and “A Design Cloud-Native for Architecting Highly Available Cloud-Native Applications.”) Most applications that perform well within a virtualized environment will perform well in cloud IaaS; use of bare-metal servers within cloud IaaS can also address the needs of enterprises to have two to four cloud IaaS providers in order to achieve optimal fit to each use case. Subscribers do not need to rearchitect their applications to use cloud IaaS. However, applications that are architected to be cloud-native, using cloud transaction processing (TP) principles, are better able to take Architect and advantage of the traits of cloud IaaS. (See “How to Center and Public Cloud IaaS Costs.” Benefits and Uses Cloud IaaS can be used to host both new and existing workloads. Certain workload patterns may be better served and it is common for large cloud IaaS offerings, by different the provider that delivers the greatest value. on a scenario- Cost forecasting for cloud IaaS should be done Save Money Migrating to Cloud You planning basis; see “Can the cost of public cloud IaaS compare To IaaS?” for guidance. Data to internal solutions, use “Calculating and Comparing and some workloads may be a more cost-effective fit on and some workloads may be a more cost-effective that are particular infrastructure configurations. Organizations – without comparing the relative costs of multiple offerings a set of particular applications in mind – should choose patterns. Most common application patterns and price those but rather provider, organizations do not choose the lowest-cost newer, higher-performing processors, so one provider’s higher-performing CPU is newer, not necessarily equivalent to another provider’s CPU. be done Comparing the cost of multiple solutions should application will on an application-specific basis, since every of the cloud IaaS offering, capabilities consume different IaaS providers, because different offerings contain different contain different offerings different IaaS providers, because performance varies enormously capabilities. Furthermore, options for and providers may have multiple between offerings, be networking performance. In particular, compute, storage and wary of a provider’s of a “vCPU” or “CPU core”; some definition providers have providers oversubscribe their CPUs, and some It can be difficult to compare the relative value of multiple cloud It can be difficult to compare 12 l The Future Of IaaS Is In The Cloud • • • •

SAP, Oracle E-BusinessSuite,Microsoft Dynamicsand traditional businesses, buttheyareamongthemost critical. the workloadsfoundininternal datacentersofmost highly sensitivedata;theyareamodest percentageof in ascale-upfashion,areperformance-sensitive andcontain applications typicallyconsumelarge amountsofresources the formofacomplexsoftwaresuite fromavendor. Such to hostmission-criticalenterpriseapplications,usuallyin Enterprise applications. center orinfrastructureconsolidationprojects. cloud IaaS.Large-scalemigrationsmayoccurduringdata type; overtime,existingapplicationsmaybemigratedonto applications gradually, startingwithnewapplicationsofthis Many organizationsadoptcloudIaaSforthesekindsof SharePoint; andmanybusinessprocessapplications. applications suchaswikis,MicrosoftExchangeand include intranetsites;collaborationandcontentmanagement applications aremission-critical,butmanynot.Examples business. Manysuchworkloadsaresmall.Someofthese vendor. The applicationusersareusuallylocatedwithinthe architectures –theymaybeinternallydevelopedorfroma based, andbuiltusingmodernarchitectures,frameworks most businesses. These applicationsaretypicallyweb- of thesekindsworkloadsintheinternaldatacenters an internalvirtualizedenvironment. There isanabundance kinds ofapplicationsthatanorganizationwoulddeployinto used tohostgeneralbusinessapplications–typically, the General businessapplications. on externalcloudIaaS. capacity; high-priorityor“overflow”projectsmaybeplaced IaaS providerisoftenusedtoaugmentexistinginternal is oftentheinitialcloudIaaSusecase. An externalcloud engineering andresearchorganizations,batchcomputing cloud. Foracademicinstitutionsandotherscientific, provider, itisalsoacommonuseforaninternalprivate compelling usecaseforofanexternalcloudIaaS increasingly common. Although thisisaparticularly on demand.Internetof Things applicationsarealso other workloadsthatrequirelargeamountsofcapacity performance computing(HPC),“bigdata”analyticsand Batch computing. use cases. mobile applicationsandIoT applicationsarealsocommon supply chainportals,arealsocommon.B2Bdataservices, consumer-facing hostingusecase.Extranetportals,suchas used tohostB2Bcontentandapplications,similarthe Business-to-business (B2B)hosting. CloudIaaSisveryusefulforhigh- Cloud IaaSisoccasionallyused Cloud IaaS is increasingly Cloud IaaSisincreasingly Cloud IaaSisoften alone, object-basedcloudstorage–suchasbackupand Although thisdocumentdoesnotcoverusecasesforstand- • • • The typicaladoptionpatterns,inlate2016,are: • • • technology aggressivenessfororganizations: Gartner usesa“Type ABC” classificationframeworkfor “HypeCycleforCloudComputing,2016.” Gartner’s aggressiveness. ItismovinguptheSlopeofEnlightenmentin patterns closelycorrelatedtoorganizationsizeandtechnology The useofcloudIaaSisbroadlymainstream,withusage Adoption Rate of cloudIaaS. object-based cloudstorageaspartofamoregeneraladoption archiving –itshouldbenotedthatmanyorganizationsadopt choose tousecloud-basedDRfornoncloudworkloads. with thesameprovider. However, organizationsmayalso DR forthoseapplicationsoncloudIaaSaswell,usually production applicationsincloudIaaSarelikelytoperform Disaster recovery(DR). kinds ofapplications. IaaS forthedevelopment,testingandstagingofthese such asSAP –organizationsaremorelikelytousecloud service providerthatspecializesinaparticularapplication, applications inproductiononcloudIaaS–oftenusinga such applications.Whilesomeorganizationsrunenterprise other ERP solutionsarethemostcommon examplesof have asimilaradoption patternto Type A enterprises, but Type A midmarketbusinesses andType Benterprises internal datacentersformanyyears tocome. cloud services,butifnot,theytypically expecttomaintain a long-termtransformationtodrive greateragilityviapublic purpose-built forparticularneeds. They maybeconsidering are verysuccessfulwithprivatecloudservicesthat not metdeveloperneeds;therearesome,however, that but mightconsiderittobeafailure,usuallybecausehas initiatives. They havelikelybuiltprivatecloudinfrastructure, usually fromanIaaS+PaaSprovider, fordigitalbusiness five years. TheymakeextensiveuseofpubliccloudIaaS, Type Aenterprises Type C Type B Type A focuses oncompetitiveadvantage. focuses oncontainingIT costs. focuses onimprovedproductivity. have likelyusedcloudIaaSforatleast Organizations thatdeploy The Future Of IaaS Is In The Cloud l 13 Availability and performance Availability Regardless of the type of cloud IaaS, the The underlying IaaS platform must be adequately are functions of the subscriber’s chosen architecture, as Some cloud well as the underlying cloud IaaS offering. greater infrastructure resilience, either offer IaaS offerings by default or as an option. Performance varies significantly across cloud IaaS providers, and some providers also have greater variability in performance than other providers. more expensive options that provide Providers may offer higher performance or greater performance consistency. options for encrypting data at rest and in motion. The options for encrypting data at rest and in motion. and end- operations subscriber also needs to manage IT need Internal private clouds user access to the offering. offerings, security just as much as service provider IaaS againstsince the environment still needs to be fully protected “How to Make Cloud IaaS any breach of internal security. Own Data Center” Your Than More Secure Workloads security. provides some general guidance for transforming Data location. If ansubscriber always chooses where the data resides. external service provider is used, the exact address of the data center might be unknown, but the provider will typically The provider specify which metropolitan area it is located in. typically does not have the right to move the data between metropolitan areas without the customer’s permission, so the customer always knows that the data will not cross country boundaries. (Note that object-based cloud storage is an exception; customers should determine the restrictions on replication locations.) Customers may have specific location but it may requirements, or prefer to use a non-U.S. provider, from local be challenging to find high-quality IaaS offerings providers. and performance. Availability to allow the subscriber to evaluate the quality of the solutionto allow the subscriber Furthermore, because there is alsoand any attendant risks. of control over the platform alsoa loss of insight – the lack into issues and an understanding ofmeans lack of visibility be resolved – the provider needswhen any problems might communications. rapid, transparent to offer needs to but the subscriber secured by the provider, may needconfigure the available security controls and is alsoThe subscriber to add additional security controls. canresponsible for regulatory compliance. Data security potentially be addressed via encryption (see “Simplify Operations and Compliance in the Cloud by Encrypting this themselves,Sensitive Data”); subscribers can implement integrated but service providers are increasingly offering • • Security. • Security. have have typically done some When cloud IaaS is used to provide self- of control. The organization must depend upon the providerThe organization must depend upon of control. performance and availability, to ensure the IaaS platform’s security; and furthermore, is dependent upon the provider to continue to provide a competitive feature set at a competitive The provider needs to provide adequate transparency cost. Loss of control. operations service infrastructure to technical end users, the IT organization typically loses some degree of control over the infrastructure, unless measures are taken to implement governance and management. When the organization uses an external provider for cloud IaaS, there is a further loss savings are minimal. They may also have some digital savings are minimal. IaaS. initiatives that are a good fit for public cloud Type C midmarket businesses and enterprises C midmarket Type IaaS, andbeen cautious about their entry into public cloud (even if theyare likely to only have virtualization internally increasinglyThese organizations are call it a “private cloud”). cloud IaaSlooking at migrating their data centers to public although many may find that the cost for cost-efficiency, their internal data centers to public cloud IaaS, often in their internal data centers to public cloud IaaS, of cloud- conjunction with managed services – a form This is typically done for classic enabled outsourcing. quicker access to outsourcing reasons – cost-efficiency, new technology capabilities and access to skills. agility, while others will do so for efficiency. while others agility, businesses B midmarket Type cloud- digital initiatives in public cloud IaaS, and have an increasing However, inspired infrastructure internally. migrating number of these businesses are considering are likely to have used cloud IaaS for two or three years, andare likely to have used They initiatives in public cloud IaaS. to have digital business built a true private cloud, but may haveare less likely to have They may be considering a cloud-inspired infrastructure. a substantial percentage of their datamultiyear migration of will do so forcenter infrastructure to public cloud IaaS; some they have not adopted as quickly or as aggressively. They as quickly or as aggressively. they have not adopted

• IT organizations considering cloud IaaS typically have a number organizations IT of concerns; some of these may be personal to individuals or represent actual operations organization, while others to the IT technical and business risks. Common concerns and risks include the following: Guidance for getting started with public cloud IaaS is given in “How to Begin Using Public Cloud Infrastructure as a Service.” Risks • • 14 l The Future Of IaaS Is In The Cloud money ofthoseimplementations. implementations, andthecost-effectiveness andvaluefor in serviceproviderdesigngoals, the qualityoftechnical technical traitsoftheservice. There isconsiderablevariance service, theunderlyingimplementation stillstronglyaffects the IaaS triestoremovemanyconcerns fromtheuserof its appropriatenessforyourneeds.Rememberthatalthough technical characteristicsanditsbusinessmodeltodetermine When evaluatingacloudIaaSoffering, lookatbothits Evaluation Factors choosing smallerproviders. Service ProviderSecurity”tounderstandtheriskimplicationsof suggested mitigationmechanisms.See“HowtoEvaluateCloud a morecomprehensiveassessmentofcloudIaaSrisksand See “Take aRisk-Based Approach toPublicCloudIaaS”for • Lock-in. • With PublicCloudInfrastructureasaService.” risks isdiscussedindetail“AddressingLock-InConcerns from theoffering. The trade-off betweenlock-inbenefitsand be morelocked-in,buttheywillalsoderivegreatervalue adopt thedifferentiated capabilitiesofaCMP orservicewill a middlewareplatformvendor. Customerswhoextensively operations management(ITOM) softwarevendor, oreven a serverhardwarevendor;itismoreakintoadoptinganIT Adopting anexternalcloudIaaSproviderisnotlikeadopting the greatestdriveroflock-inisdifferentiated capabilities. rented virtualizationanddatagravitycanbeovercome, Strictly speaking,whilecloudIaaScanbetreatedlike move applicationsanddatabetweenenvironments. “locked in”toacloudprovider, andwanttheabilityto connection offerings. offer integratedacceleration aspartoftheircloud appliances withinthecloud,andcarrierswillincreasingly from vendorssuchasRiverbedcanbedeployedvirtual Switching (MPLS)network.WAN optimizationcontrollers MultiprotocolLabel become anodeonthecustomer’s cloudIaaSenvironmenttosimply common foracustomer’s of carriersdirectlyoffer suchnetworkconnections.Itis of telecommunicationscarrier, andanincreasingnumber choice the useofprivateconnectivityfromcustomer’s Fortunately, mostexternalcloudIaaSproviderssupport and howtheywillmitigateanynetworklatencyissues. cloud IaaSoffering, howtheywillsecurethatconnectivity about howtheywillconnecttheirnetworktoanoff-premises Network connectivity. IT managersareoftenconcernedaboutbecoming Organizations areoftenconcerned Not allinfrastructurerequirementsarebestservedbycloud IaaS Alternatives Cloud Service, Worldwide.” in “CriticalCapabilitiesforPublicCloudInfrastructureasa a use-case-specificviewoftechnicalfeaturesandcapabilities significant cloudIaaSproviders. We assessprovidersandoffer Worldwide” providesanoverallmarketassessmentofthemost Our “MagicQuadrantforCloudInfrastructureasaService, Web Services, Microsoft Azure andGoogleCloudPlatform. using thosecriteria,ofthemarketshareleaders– Amazon built privateclouds.We provideIn-Depth Assessments, public andprivatecloudIaaSproviders–includinginternally Service.” The evaluationcriteriacanbeusedtoevaluateboth providers in“EvaluationCriteriaforCloudInfrastructureasa Gartner providesextensiveevaluationguidanceforcloudIaaS • • • include thefollowing: or asimplevirtuallabautomationsolution.Otheralternatives without self-service,aCESIusedbytheIT operationsteam data centercapability, suchasavirtualizedenvironment IaaS. Manyneedsarebetterservedbyanoncloudinternal Some offerings are only available in the provider’s data data Some offerings are onlyavailableintheprovider’s service, elasticity andautomationwithintheCESIplatform. offerings varysignificantly inthedegreeofavailableself- providers, offer managedservicesontop of aCESI. These managed hostinganddatacenter outsourcing(DCO) variety ofmanagedserviceproviders (MSPs),including Cloud-enabled managedinfrastructure services. larger organizationsaswell. accordingly. However, theyareapossiblealternativefor their sales,serviceandsupportapproachesaredesigned small businessesthatonlyhaveoneortwoservers,so SingleHop. These companiestypically specializeinserving from aprovidersuchasInternap,OVH,CogecoPeer1or cloud IaaScapabilities),shouldconsiderdedicatedhosting datacenter(butdonotneed external serviceprovider’s servers bythemonth,andarewillingtohosttheminan Dedicated hosting. does notpayuntiltheresourcesareused. premisesinadvanceofneed,butthecustomer customer’s including modelswherehardwareisdeployedonthe customers toobtainhardwareinamoreelasticfashion, are nowopentonegotiatingflexibleleasesthatallow lease asapossiblealternative.Manyhardwarevendors interested inself-service,shouldconsideranequipment more flexiblemodelforprocuringinfrastructure,butarenot On-demand hardwarelease. Organizations thatwanttorent Organizations thatneeda A The Future Of IaaS Is In The Cloud l 15 Some cloud IaaS These often provide internal Many DCO providers, such as SIs, VARs and MSPs may build bespoke SIs, VARs Many cloud IaaS providers have a genesis in Dell, HCL Technologies, Infosys, Tata Consultancy Services Tata Infosys, Technologies, Dell, HCL (TCS) and Wipro, will build bespoke private clouds. System integrators (SIs), value-added resellers (VARs) and MSPs. and MSPs private clouds for customers. Some VARs have also entered the market with industrialized offerings; notable examples include CDW and Dimension Data. agency), or customers who are purchasing something else agency), or customers who are purchasing something cloud IaaS. from this business and are also interested in Cloud-native service providers. business providers have directly entered the cloud IaaS or IT without a previous significant history in hosting and Microsoft are cloud-native AWS, services. service providers – as are many startups. Cloud-native but may providers typically have an industrialized offering, as well. have bespoke offerings Hosters. the colocation, mass-market hosting, dedicated hosting, or managed hosting businesses. Several such providers still retain their original business and have expanded into such asThere are many independent hosters, cloud IaaS. Rackspace, but there are also many communications service providers who have entered this market, either directly or through acquisition; examples include CenturyLink, Interoute Hosters typically have an industrialized offering, and NTT. but may also build bespoke private clouds. Data center outsourcers. CSC, Fujitsu and IBM, have entered the cloud IaaS market Most DCO providers, including with industrialized offerings. I&O’s goals of reducing costs, simplifying operations, and goals of reducing costs, I&O’s do If you reliability and efficiency. improving operational IaaS, compare its capabilities decide to use private cloud IaaS+PaaS providers; ensure to market-leading integrated IaaS fully meets the needs of end that your private cloud researchers and engineers. users, such as developers, Internal IT organizations. However, private cloud IaaS to users within their business. organizations may also provide cloud IaaS central IT to other businesses, such as subsidiaries, partners, a other organizations within a community (for instance, to another government agency may provide cloud IaaS • • • • Representative Providers categories: Cloud IaaS providers typically fall into the following •

Some DCO and automation. Explore the use of cloud-inspired infrastructure on-premises for Mode 1 projects that are not a good fit for public cloud IaaS, rather than building private cloud infrastructure. Cloud-inspired infrastructure is often sufficient to achieve Use public-cloud-integrated IaaS+PaaS to maximize agility modernization and transformation and efficiency for IT projects. Use market-leading providers to minimize risks. do not assume that migrating to IaaS will reduce However, costs unless a shift is made to greater standardization Create an internal cloud COE to provide oversight of organizationwide governance, cloud computing policy, The COE best practices and cloud vendor management. and provide solution should serve as a cloud service broker, architecture assistance to projects that desire to use cloud services. Use cloud IaaS to drive developer productivity and facilitate Use cloud IaaS to drive developer productivity especially innovation, and thus deliver faster time to value, for Mode 2 projects. Use public cloud integrated IaaS+PaaS to maximize access to innovative capabilities. Embrace the capabilities of these providers, but thoughtfully differentiated manage the lock-in risks. providers offer IUS – hosted, virtualized, usually multitenant IUS – hosted, providers offer application infrastructure that is designed to host a specific is usually some elasticity There – most commonly SAP. and they may be delivered using an in such offerings underlying CESI. data center. The financial models vary, including the contract financial models vary, The data center. equipment. Customers that wantlength and who owns the not want to manage the infrastructurecloudlike traits, but do attractive. these offerings themselves, may find services (IUS). Infrastructure utility center, while others are available in the customer’s while choice of center,

• • • • provides a list of factors that suggest that public cloud IaaS is provides a list of factors that suggest that public the wrong solution. Recommendations leaders should: Enterprise architecture and technology innovation Consult “Toolkit: Decision-Making Model for Data Center Consult “Toolkit: of the range Service Sourcing Strategy” for a broader view to Select the of infrastructure outsourcing options. See “How for a broader Correct Data Center Option for the Digital World” “15 Reasons Not to Migrate look at infrastructure strategy. as a Service” Data Center to Public Cloud Infrastructure Your • 16 l The Future Of IaaS Is In The Cloud Objectivity influence fromthese firms, fundsortheirmanagers.Forfurtherinformation ontheindependenceandintegrity ofGartnerresearch,see“ BoardofDirectorsmayinclude seniormanagersofthesefirmsorfunds. Gartnerresearchisproducedindependently byitsresearchorganizationwithoutinput or research. Gartner’s should notbeconstrued orusedassuch.Gartnerisapubliccompany subject tochangewithoutnotice. Although Gartnerresearchmayinclude adiscussionofrelatedlegalissues,Gartnerdoesnotprovideadviceorservices anditsresearch information. Gartnershallhavenoliabilityfor errors,omissionsorinadequaciesintheinformationcontainedhereinforinterpretations thereof. information containedhereinhasbeenobtained fromsourcesbelievedtobereliable.Gartnerdisclaimsallwarrantiesastheaccuracy endorsement ofChina Telecom Global’s productsand/or strategies.Reproductionordistributionofthispublicationinanyformwithoutpriorwritten permissionisforbidden. The is ©2018byGartner, Inc. All rightsreserved. permission. The useorpublicationofGartnerresearchdoesnotindicateGartner’s All GartnermaterialsareusedwithGartner’s The FutureOfIaaSIsIn The CloudispublishedbyChina Telecom Global. EditorialsuppliedbyChina Telecom GlobalisindependentofGartneranalysis. All Gartnerresearch (“CTG”) whichisheadquarteredinHongKongsince2012. human resourcestoestablishChina Telecom GlobalLimited resolved tointegrateourinternationalbusinessresourcesand to acceleratetheoverseasbusinessexpansion,China Telecom business, andtoenhanceourglobalservicequalityaswell from integratedoperationofinternationaltelecommunication Driven byourdeterminationtoservetheevergrowingdemands forged itsgloballayoutofservicenetworkandcapacity countries andregionsviaterrestrialcables,China Telecom has and leveragingdirectconnectiontomorethan10neighbouring involved intheconstructionofmorethan10thosecables) network resourcesof39submarinecables(China Telecom was bandwidth andintercontinentalcapacity. Bytappingintoits owns morethan42T capacitiesininternationalconnectivity 39 countriesandregions,aswell176overseasPoPs, Limited. Today, China Telecom hasbranchesandaffiliatesin (Europe) LimitedandChina Telecom (AfricaandMiddleEast) Limited, China Telecom Americas Corporation,China Telecom the establishmentofChina Telecom (HongKong)International Telecom hasexpandeditsinternationalfootprintrapidlywith step ingrowingitsinternationalbusiness.Sincethen,China established arepresentativeofficein America,aninitial pace withchangingtimes.InNovember2000,China Telecom its capabilitiesinmanagingglobaloperation,soastokeep telecommunication serviceshasbeenstrivingtoenhance as oneoftheworld’s largestprovidersofintegrated TelecommunicationsChina Telecom”),(“China Corporation Global Limited TelecomChina About ” onitswebsite. , anditsshareholders may includefirmsandfundsthathavefinancial interestsinentitiescoveredGartner

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