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2001

DESCRIPTION OF HAKKA, A NEW OF JUMPING (ARANEAE, SALTICIDAE) FROM HAWAII AND EAST ASIA

James W. Berry Butler University, [email protected]

Jerzy Prószyński

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Recommended Citation Berry, James W. and Prószyński, Jerzy, "DESCRIPTION OF HAKKA, A NEW GENUS OF (ARANEAE, SALTICIDAE) FROM HAWAII AND EAST ASIA" Journal of Arachnology / (2001): 201-204. Available at https://digitalcommons.butler.edu/facsch_papers/783

This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the College of Liberal Arts & Sciences at Digital Commons @ Butler University. It has been accepted for inclusion in Scholarship and Professional Work - LAS by an authorized administrator of Digital Commons @ Butler University. For more information, please contact [email protected]. DESCRIPTION OF HAKKA, A NEW GENUS OF JUMPING SPIDER (ARANEAE, SALTICIDAE) FROM HAWAII AND EAST ASIA Author(s): James W. Berry and Jerzy Prószyński Source: Journal of Arachnology, 29(2):201-204. Published By: American Arachnological Society URL: http://www.bioone.org/doi/full/10.1636/0161-8202%282001%29029%5B0201%3ADOHANG %5D2.0.CO%3B2

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BioOne sees sustainable scholarly publishing as an inherently collaborative enterprise connecting authors, nonprofit publishers, academic institutions, research libraries, and research funders in the common goal of maximizing access to critical research. 2001. The Journal of Arachnology 29:201±204

DESCRIPTION OF HAKKA, A NEW GENUS OF JUMPING SPIDER (ARANEAE, SALTICIDAE) FROM HAWAII AND EAST ASIA

James W. Berry: Department of Biological Sciences, Butler University, Indianapolis, Indiana 46208 USA Jerzy ProÂszynÂski: Muzeum i Instytut Zoologii PAN, ul. Wilcza 64 00-679 Warszawa, Poland

ABSTRACT. We describe a new genus for a jumping spider that was originally placed in the large genus Menemerus Simon 1868, from which the new genus is clearly different. They were later reclassi®ed as , then as Pseudicius, and still later as Salticus. These initial classi®cations were repeated by a number of authors. The distinctive features of the male, and somewhat ambiguous features of the female, do not ®t any known genus; and this species is here assigned to the new genus Hakka. Keywords: Hakka, Salticus, Menemerus, Hawaii, Salticidae

Like many other elements of the Hawaiian later repeated by a number of authors. The Islands, the jumping of the islands are fact is that the distinctive features of the male, poorly known. Much of the known fauna con- and somewhat ambiguous features of the fe- sists of genera whose origin can be traced male, do not ®t any known genus; and this from either Asia or North America. This paper species deserves delimitation to its own ge- discusses a species found in Hawaii that was nus. There are no direct biological observa- previously known under several different ge- tions con®rming the matching of males and neric namesÐfrom a few specimens onlyÐ females of this species; however, persistent in- from China, Korea and Japan. One specimen terpretation of that matching by a number of was recorded in Hawaii in 1923, and we have authors deserves following until proven oth- recently collected two more. It is not known erwise. whether they are incidental recent arrivals (al- Diagnosis.ÐHakka is a unidentate salticid though the three specimens were collected with two prolateral cheliceral teeth, without over a period of 74 years) or have populations patellar spines, and without lateral spines on established there. metatarsi I and II. These same characters oc- cur in the genera with which it has been con- Hakka new genus fusedÐIcius, Menemerus, Pseudicius, and Discussion.ÐAssigning these salticid spi- Salticus, but they do separate Hakka from ders to a genus has always created a problem. many other salticid genera. The absence of Although they have never been described as stridulatory spines from the carapace and mi- a separate genus, they were originally placed crospines from femur I, and presence of 5±6 in the large genus Menemerus Simon 1868 ventral spines on tibia I clearly separate Hak- (Doenitz & Strand in BoÈsenberg & Strand ka from Pseudicius. The latter has the stridu- 1906), from which they are clearly different. latory spines and, on tibia I, normally 0±3 ProÂszynÂski (1976) reclassi®ed them ®rst to spines that are usually much reduced in length Icius Simon 1876, subsequently correcting and often thickened basally. Pseudicius differs himself and re-interpreting them as Pseudicius also by having a long, ¯at, relatively narrow (ProÂszynÂski 1987). Wesolowska (1981) inter- carapace, and large robust ®rst legs with tibia preted the structure of the epigynum as resem- I more-or-less swollen, and with unusually bling the genus Salticus Latreille 1804 and de- long trichobothria, usually bent at a distinct scribed the female as Salticus koreanus angle. From Salticus, Hakka is distinguished Wesolowska. These initial classi®cations were by the absence of elongate male chelicerae,

201 202 THE JOURNAL OF ARACHNOLOGY the presence of ventral spines on tibiae I and Menemerus himeshimensis: Yaginuma 1970: 67; II, the elongate bulb of the male palp overlap- 1986a: 234, ®g. 130.2. ping the tibia proximally, and the medium- Icius himeshimensis: ProÂszynÂski 1976: map 105. long sinuous embolus (Figs. 3, 4). The epi- Salticus koreanus Wesolowska 1981: 78, ®gs. 102± gynum is less sclerotized than in Salticus; and 105 (Female holotype from North Korea: Nam- pho, prov. Phyongan-namdo, deposited at Mu- the epigynal ducts run forward from the cop- zeum i Instytut Zoologii, PAN, Warsaw, Poland, ulatory openings, then turn back to the sper- examined). mathecae (Figs. 6, 7). The typical Salticus col- Icius himeshimensis: Bohdanowicz & ProÂszynÂski or pattern of white lines of scale-like hairs is 1987: 66, 67, ®gs. 65, 66. absent. Icius differs by having a proportion- Pseudicius himeshimensis: ProÂszynÂski 1987: 51 ately longer, somewhat oblong carapace (transfer from Menemerus, Icius). (shorter and more ovate in Hakka) and abdo- Icius himeshimensis: Chikuni 1989: 151, ®g. 22. men, the palpal bulb narrowing anteriorly, and Pseudicius himeshimensis: Peng, Xie & Xiao 1993: a distinct color pattern, consisting in part of 191, 192, ®gs. 667, 670. scale-like hairs. Menemerus, the genus in Description.ÐMale: Measurements (n ϭ which H. himeshimensis was originally 1): total length 6.98, length of eye ®eld 1.32, placed, has a ¯atter, broader cephalothorax height of cephalothorax 1.42, width of eye and abdomen. Also, the male palp of Mene- ®eld at eyes I 1.80, width of eye ®eld at eyes merus has the tibia and patella short and III 1.80, width of cephalothorax at eyes III broad, often as broad as the cymbium, and a 2.28, maximum width of cephalothorax 2.64, broad crescentic femur; the RTA is large, the length of ¯at surface of cephalothorax 0.96, embolar base wide and separated by a groove length of abdomen 3.72. Body and legs uni- from the rest of the bulb: the embolus is ac- formly dark brown, without any contrasting companied by a membranous conductor-like pattern. Cephalothorax relatively broad portion. Epigynal openings lead directly into (broadest posteriorly) and low; eye ®eld rect- a bursa connected by a very short thick-walled angular, indistinctly shorter than broad, pos- duct to a second chamber. But in Hakka there terior sloping part of cephalothorax short. is no membranous part in the male palp, and Covered with sparse, inconspicuous adpressed the bulb and epigynal ducts, as described lighter setae; longer setae, now reddish, stand above, differ strikingly. up diagonally beneath lateral eyes. There is no Distribution.ÐPreviously known from row of tubercles with spines beneath the lat- China, Japan, North Korea, and now, Hawaii. eral eyes. Eyes I large, the diameter of median Etymology.ÐNamed for a group of Chi- eyes almost twice the size of the lateral eyes. nese people, members of which were brought Eyes I surrounded by colorless, slightly red- to Hawaii as laborers on sugar cane planta- dish setae; setae above eyes longer; clypeus tions in the middle of 19th century (described very narrow with inconspicuous sparse short in the book ``Hawaii'' by James Michener). setae, with a sparse row of brown setae over- For nomenclatorial purpose the name is con- hanging cheliceral bases. Chelicerae brown sidered to be female. and robust; posterior margin with single con- Type species.ÐMenemerus himeshimensis ical tooth. Abdomen a ¯attened oval, as broad (Doenitz & Strand, in BoÈsenberg & Strand as cephalothorax and indistinctly longer, 1906). densely covered by lighter thin adpressed se- tae. Leg formula: I-IV-III-II; but legs of ap- Hakka himeshimensis (Doenitz & Strand) proximately equal length (leg I longest by (in BoÈsenberg & Strand 1906) new about 20%); long and thin, their segments of combination similar width, with femora somewhat wider, Figs. 1±7 but tibia I not broader than neighboring seg- ment and not shortened (in which it differs Note: The type specimens, housed in Stutt- from Pseudicius). Spines inconspicuous, gart, were destroyed during World War II. shorter than sparse upright, reddish setae on Menemerus himeshimensis Doenitz & Strand, in the same surfaces; anterior tibia with only BoÈsenberg & Strand 1906: 395±396, table 8, ®g. ventral spines, on anterolateral edge two short 116; table 14, ®g. 309. spines located in the anterior one third of seg- BERRY & PROÂ SZYNÂ SKIÐHAKKAÐA HAWAIIAN SALTICID 203

Figures 1±7.ÐHakka himeshimensis new genus. 1. Male, dorso-lateral view of cephalothorax; 2. Male abdomen, laterally; 3. Palpal organ, ventrally; 4. Palpal organ, laterally; 5. Female, general appearance; 6. Epigynum; 7. Internal structure of epigynum. ment, on posterolateral edge two short spines, bolus characteristic, elongate conical with normally spaced. Palpal organ with bulbus wavy outline. broad anteriorly and with anterior margin Female: Resembles male in appearance and curved posteriorly (in which it resembles size (Fig. 5); difference from male in leg for- some Pseudicius of the cinctus group); em- mula (IV-III-II-I) is a secondary sex character, 204 THE JOURNAL OF ARACHNOLOGY found in many genera of Salticidae. Charac- work to be done. We are also grateful to the terized by epigynum in a form of a concave Indiana Academy of Science for support for plate, with slit-like copulatory openings in the travel. Dr. Joe Beatty was of immense help in middle, located inside indistinct oval depres- writing the diagnosis of the genus. sions, separated by a thin, low ridge (Fig. 6). LITERATURE CITED Internal structures of epigynum consist of a Bohdanowicz, A. & J. ProÂszynÂski. 1987. System- channel running anteriorly, then curving and atic studies on East Palaearctic Salticidae (Ara- running back, slightly diagonal and joining neae), IV. Salticidae of Japan. Annales Zoologici, the transversely oriented narrow bag-shaped Warszawa 41(2):43±151, ®gs. 1±312. spermathecae, located in the posterior half of BoÈsenberg, W. & E. Strand. 1906. Japanische Spin- epigynum. There is a long chimney-like struc- nen. Abhanglungen der Senckenbergischen Na- ture, presumed to be a scent gland pore (see turforschenden Gesellschaft 30:93±422, pl. III- ProÂszynÂski 1998, in press), located at the junc- XVI. tion of channel and spermatheca. Walls of Chikuni, Y. 1989. Some interesting Japanese spi- channels, spermatheca and scent gland scler- ders of the families Amaurobiidae, Araneidae and Salticidae. Arachnological papers presented otized and of similar thickness. Interior walls to Takeo Yaginuma, Osaka. Pp. 133±152, ®gs. of spermathecae with irregular, transverse 1±17. ridges. Nutritive pores (see ProÂszynÂski 1998, Peng X., L. Xie & X. Xiao. 1993. Salticidae in in press) minute and indistinct, located near China. Hunan Normal Univ. Press. 270 pp. 893 the top of conical distal part of spermatheca, ®gs. [in Chinese, English summary]. near insertion of fertilization channel (Fig. 7). ProÂszynÂski, J. 1976. Studium systematyczno-zo- General plan and appearance of these struc- ogeogra®czne nad rodzina Salticidae (Aranei) tures super®cially resemble those seen in var- Regionow Palearktycznego i Nearktycznego. Ro- ious species of Salticus. zprawy Wyzszej Szkoly Pedagogicznej. Siedlce: Pp. 1±260, 450 ®gs., 218 maps. Distribution.ÐJapan, China and North ProÂszynÂski, J. 1987. Atlas rysunkow diagnosty- Korea; this is the ®rst record from Hawaii. cznych mniej znanych Salticidae 2. Zeszyty Nau- Material examined.ÐHakka himeshimensis kowe WSRP, Siedlce, 172 pp., illustr. [``Pseudicius'' himeshimemsis], under stones, ProÂszynÂski, J. 1998. Description of new species of Necker Island, Hawaii, 1(, 14 June 1923 (E.M. Phlegra (Salticidae, Araneae) from Israel. Israel Bryan, Jr., AMNH). Hakka himeshimensis [labeled Journal of Zoology 44:159±185. ``Salticus koreanus (Wesolowska 1981) s. Pseudi- ProÂszynÂski, J. In press. Salticidae of the Levant. cius koreanus''], on black lava beach, Anaehoom- Fauna Palaestina: Arachnida. The Israel Acade- alu Bay, Hawaii County, Hawaii, 1&, 15 February my of Sciences and Humanities. Jerusalem. 1997 (J. & E. Berry). Hakka himeshimensis [``Sal- Wesolowska, W. 1981. Salticidae (Aranei) from ticus'' koreanus (Wesolowska 1981) s. ``Pseudicius North Korea, China and Mongolia. Annales koreanus''], among beach rocks near Nailoa, An- Zoologici (Warszawa) 36:45±83; 112 ®gs. aehoomalu beach, Hawaii County, Hawaii, 1&,17 Yaginuma, T. 1970. The spider fauna of Japan (re- February 1988 (J. & E. Berry). All specimens iden- vised in 1970). Bulletin of the National Science ti®ed by J. ProÂszynÂski. Museum (Tokyo) 13:639±701. Yaginuma, T. 1986. Spiders of Japan in Color. (new ed.). Hoikusha Publ. Co., Osaka. Pp. 1± ACKNOWLEDGMENTS 350, ®gs. 1±135, Plate 65. We are grateful to Butler University for an Manuscript received 5 April 2000, revised 30 Jan- academic grant to JWB, which permitted this uary 2001.