1957 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - HOUSE l4145 on a preliminary examination and survey or Columbia, Guam, American Samoa, Virgin abling cotton to be sold competitively in the Intracoastal Waterway, Jacksonvtlle t1;> Islands, and the Canal Zone; with amend­ domestic and foreign markets; to the Com­ Miami, Fla.. authorized by the River and ment (Rept. No. 1041). Referred to the mittee on Agriculture. Harbor Act approved March 2, 1945 (H. Doc. Committee of the Whole House on the State By Mrs. ROGERS of Massachusetts: No. 222); to the Committee on Public Works of the Union. H. R. 9195. A bill to increase farm income and ordered to be printed with four illus­ Mr. GORDON: Committee of Conference. and to expand markets for cotton by en­ trations. S. 2130. An act to amend further the Mu,. abling cotton to be sold competitively in 1118. A letter from the Secretary of the tual Security Act of 1954, as amended, and domestic and foreign markets; to the Com­ Army, transmitting a letter from the Chief for other purposes; without amendment mittee on Agriculture. of Engineers, Department of the Army, dated (Rept. No. 1042). Ordered to be printed. By Mr. BONNER: May 16, 1957, submitting a report, together H. R. 9196. A bill to authorize the con­ with accompanying papers and illustrations, struction of a nuclear-powered icebreaking on an interim report on the Mississippi River PUBLIC BILLS AND RESOLUTIONS vessel for operation by the United States at St. Paul and South St. Paul, Minn., re­ Coast Guard, and for other purposes; to the quested by resolutions of the Committee on Under clause 4 of rule XXII, public Committee on Merchant Marine and Fish- Flood Control, House of Representatives, bills and resolutions were introduced and eries. adopted September 18, 1944 (H. Doc. No. 223); severally referred as follows: By Mr. FISHER: to the Committee on Public Works and H.J. Res. 438. Joint resolution proposing By Mr. BAKER: an amendment to the Constitution of the ordered to be printed with seven illustra­ H. R. 9185. A bill to provide for the ap­ tions. United States to provide that, subject to the pointment of additional district judges for consent of the Senate, judges of the Supreme the eastern district of Tennessee, the middle Court shall be appointed by a vote of the district of Tennessee, and the western dis­ judges of the courts of highest and last resort REPORTS OF COMMITTEES ON PUB­ trict of Tennessee; to the Committee on the LIC BILLS AND RESOLUTIONS in civil cases in the several States; to the Judiciary. Committee on the Judiciary. Under clause 2 of rule XIII, reports of By Mr. HAYS of Ohio: By Mr. PELLY: committees were delivered to the Clerk H. R. 9186. A bill to revise the laws relating H.J. Res. 439. Joint resolution to permit to depository libraries; to the Committee on articles imported from foreign countries for for printing and reference to the proper House Administration. calendar as follows: the purpose of exhibition at the Washing­ By Mr.LANE: ton state Seventh International Trade Fair, Mr. COOLEY: Committee on Agriculture. H. R. 9187. A bill to increase farm income Seattle, Wash., to be admitted without pay­ H. R. 376. A bill to amend the Commodity and to expand markets for cotton by enabling ment of tariff, and for other purposes; to the Exchange Act to -prohibit trading in onion cotton to be sold competitively in domestic Committee on Ways and Means. futures in commodity exchanges; with and foreign markets; to the Committee on By Mr. O'BRIEN of New York: amendment (Rept. No. 1036). Referred to Agriculture. H.J. Res. 440. Joint resolution proposing the Committee of the Whole House on the By Mr. McCORMACK: an amendment to the Constitution of the State of the Union. H. R. 9188. A bill to authorize the Secre­ United States relating to the procedure for Mr. ENGLE: Committee on Interior and tary of the Navy to transfer to the Common­ amending the Constitution; to the Commit­ Insular Affairs. H. R. 4183. A bill to amend wealth of Massachusetts certain lands and tee on the Judiciary. an act entitled "An act to provide for the improvements comprising the Castle Island By Mr. BONNER: refunding of the bonds of municipal corpo­ terminal facility at South Boston in exchange H. Res. 395. Resolution to amend House rations and public-utility districts in the for certain other lands; to the Committee on Resolution 149, 85th Congress; to the Com­ Territory of Alaska, to validate bonds which Armed Services. mittee on Rules. have heretofore been issued by a municipal By Mr. MERROW: corporation or any publfc-utility district in H. R. 9189. A bill to prohibit Government the Territory of Alaska, and for other pur­ agencies to acquire or use the National poses" (54 Stat. 14), approved January 17, Grange headquarters site without specific PRIVATE BILLS AND RESOLUTIONS 1940; with amendment (Rept. No. 1037). Congressional approval; to the Committee on Under clause 1 of rule XXII, private Referred to the House Calendar. Public Works. Mr. ENGLE: Committee on [nterior and ByMr.PELLY: bills and resolutions were introduced and Insular Affairs. H. R. 8126. A bill to amend H. R. 9190. A bill to provide for the disposi­ severally referred as follows: section 16 ( c) of the Revised Organic Act of tion of certain property heretofore conveyed By Mr. BOYKIN: the Virgin Islands; with amendment (Rept. by the United States to the Housing Author­ H. R. 9197. A bill for the relief of Mrs. No. 1038) . Referred to the House Calendar. ity of the City of Seattle, Wash.; to the Com­ Sumpter Smith; to the Committee on the Mr. BUCKLEY: Committee on Public mittee on Banking and Currency. Judiciary. Works. H. R. 4260. A bill to authorize the By Mr. REECE of Tennessee: By Mr. HAGEN: Chief of Engineers to publish information H. R. 9191. A bill to provide for the ap­ H. R. 9198. A bill for the relief of Maria pamphlets, m-aps, brochures, and other mate­ pointment of additional district judges for Donatilde Pacheco Lima; to the Committee rial; without amendment (Rept. No. 1039). the eastern district of Tennessee, the middle on the Judiciary. Referred to the Committee of the Whole district of Tennessee, and the western dis­ By Mr. LANKFORD: House on the State of the Union. trict of Tennessee; to the Committee on the H. R. 9199. A bill for the relief of certain Mr. BONNER: .Committee on Merchant Judiciary. employees of the Department of the Navy at Marine and Fisheries. H. R. 3210. A bill to By Mr. SAUND: the United States Naval Gun Factory, Wash­ amend section 510 (a) (1) of the Merchant H. R. 9192. A bill to create an Agricultural ington, D. C.; to the Committee on the Marine Act, 1936, as amended, to accelerate Research and Industrial Board; to define its Judiciary. the trade-in of old vessels with replacement powers and duties; and for other purposes; By Mr. MORANO: by modern vessels; without amendment to the Committee on Agriculture. H. R. 9200. A bill for the relief o: Olga Mas­ (Rept. No. 1040). Referred to the Committee H. R. 9193. A bill to increase annuities pay­ loff; to the Committee on the Judiciary. of the Whole House on the State of the able to certain annuitants from the civil­ By Mr. YOUNGER: Union. service retirement and disability fund, and H. R. 9201. A bill for the relief of Russell Mr. BONNER: Committee on Merchant for other purposes; to the Committee on Post Heans Marshall; to the Committee on the Marine and Fisheries. H. R. 7052. A bill to OtHce and Civil Service. Judiciary. amend section 216 (b) of the Merchant Ma­ By Mr. NICHOLSON: By Mr. ZABLOCKI: rine Act, 1936, as amended, to provide for H. R. 9194. A bill to increase farm income H. R. 9202. A bill for the relief of Cedomily appointments of cadets from the District of and to expand markets for cotton by en- Ristic; to the Committee on the Judiciary.

EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS Vox Populi to include in the RECORD at this point value to me in my work in Congress. the results of the second annual survey Many persons who answered the ques­ EXTENSION OF REMARKS conducted by myself in the Second Con­ tions also submitted comments on other OF gressional District of the Sfate of issues and suggestions for solutions to Washington. some of the problems of the day. HON. JACK WESTLAND This poll represents the thinking of In evaluating the importance of vari­ OF WASHINGTON more than 14,000 residents of the dis­ ous issues to themselves, residents of my IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES trict, from many walks of life, · many home district emphatically pointed up occupations, and varying viewpoints on Government spending as being of most Thursday, August 8, 1957 international and domestic issues. concern to them. They then were most Mr. '\VESTLAND. Mr. Speaker, under I am pleased with the response to this interested in defense and preparedness, leave to extend my remarks, I would like questionnaire. It has· proven to be of foreign policy, taxation, farm prices and 14146 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - HOUSE August 8. policies, civil rights, social security, participate in community activities. Latin American Republics. Later he power policies, and immigration. These are only several 'of the important served at Cali, Colombia, in South Amer­ Questions asked ·in the poll, the an-. functions of thiS splendid organization ica, as an instructor in establishing swers given by the pollees, and action that is helping blinded veterans to be­ maintenance proced~es. taken by Congress this session, if any, come economically self-sumcient . and In 1948, Sergeant Lee became active in are listed below: readjusted to our society. the maintenance field at Edwards Air 1. In the event of a budget surplus this Mr. Speaker, the Blinded Veterans As­ Force Base, wo:rtdi:ig as erew chief, in­ year, should this surplus be use

In Ration-America'1 No. 1 Domestic When you or I save money, we tend to re­ original intention of Congress by includ­ duce the pressure of infiation. On the other ing within the meaning of the term "or­ Problem hand, it we tend to take out more credit ganize'' the continuing organizational than vie actually need and than we can actually pay for, the net result is more activities of the Communist Party. Un­ EXTENSION OF REMARKS inflation. der terms of my proposal, the needed OF Credit is a wonderful instrument. But it broad interpretation of this vital word you or I go overboard and take out too much would include the recruiting of new HON. ALEXANDER WILEY credit, if we buy too many things without members, the forming of new units, and OF WISCONSIN any downpayments or without substantial the regrouping or expansion of existing IN THE SENATE OF THE UNITED STATES downpayments, then, you or I are liable to units. find ourselves so deep in debt that we can ·Thursday, August 8, 1957 never get out of it. Although, unfortunately, my proposal can have no retroactive effect on cases Mr. WILEY. Mr. President, I ask And the deeper you or I or anyone gets into debt, the more inflation tends to in­ already brought by the Government, its unanimous consent to have printed in crease. enactment would give the Justice De­ the CONGRESSIONAL RECORD a radio ad­ So, if you and I want to defeat the number partment the latitude it will so sorely dress I made over the network in Wis­ one domestic enemy in the United States­ need in framing future cases against consin. The subject was "Intlation­ infiation-we each have an important role subversive elements. America's No. 1 Domestic Problem." to fulfill. Let's keep prices down. As it is now, the Department is like There being no objection, the address a boxer operating with only one arm was ordered to be printed in the RECORD, in its fight against Communists, because as follows: Time To Close the Communists' Escape it can only bring one of the two counts INFLATION-AMERICA'S No. 1 DOMESTIC it normally uses in prosecuting subver­ PROBLEM Door sives. As we have seen so clearly this "Infl.ation-rising prices"-those three past week, the result can be that some words spell out the most difficult single do­ EXTENSION OF REMARKS alleged Reds will go scot free if the "or­ mestic problem facing our country. OF Infl.ation is a pain in the neck, and it is a ganize" charge cannot be effectively pain in the pocketbook and wallet. HON. KENNETH B. KEATING brought, and the ease against others will It is a particular headache, confronting OF NEW YORK be greatly weakened. tens of millions of Americans who are living Although it is understandable why on virtually fixed incomes. 1 These Americans IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Congress, snowed under with other are badly squeezed by static salaries and ris­ 'Phursday, August 8, 1957 pressing legislative matters at the end ing prices. Mr. KEATING. Mr. Speaker, 13 al­ of a session, has not yet acted on my Here in the Congress, we have been study­ proposal, I believe it should at least be ing this inflationary problem. leged Communists have now been given The Senate Finance Committee has been a new lease on freedom as a result of a tlrst order of business when we recon­ holding hearings on the subject of the lower Federal court decisions this past vene in January. United States Treasury's financial policies. week based on the Supreme Court's Until we clarify the meaning of the This committee has been looking at· the so­ Yates decision. Had my amendment to Smith Act and give it the broad mean­ called tight money situation in our coun- the Smith Act-H. R. 8867-been in ing orig'inally envisaged by Congress, the try-high-interest rates for example. · effect when indictments against the Government will be hindered in its f:f­ And another committee is likewise holding 13 were brought, they would not have forts to combat those who would destroy hearings. Our ·Senate Antimonopoly Sub­ us. committee has been looking at the subject been given this extra chance to go of what are called administered prices. That free. It is high time we changed to red means prices in key industries, like steel, this green light to freedom for the Reds. Foreign Building Program a Proper Use which don't tend to drop, even when you The Supreme Court stated in the would normally expect the prices to go down. Yates decision last June that the term of Foreign Currency These administered prices tend to . remain "organize" in the Smith Act refers only stationary or to go up. to the organization of the Communist EXTENSION OF REMARKS Well, what is the net effect of rising prices, Party in this country in 1945, and that OF the net effect of inflation? charges of conspiracy to organize The effect is that every single dollar in HON. FRANK T. BOW your savings bank, in your United States . brought mo1:e than 3 years after · that, savings bonds, in your old-ag_e pension, in were invalid, due to the running of the OF OHIO your insurance policy, your annuity, tends statute of limitations. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES to lose its purchasing power. · Two startling instances last week Thursday, August 8, 1957 You and I know that every J.00-cen·t dol­ focus attention on the need to clarify lar that you possess is really just a 50-cent the terms of the Smith Act. Mr. BOW. Mr. Speaker, recently my dollar, compared to what that same dollar In United States against Russo, now distinguished colleague from Tennessee would bring back in prewar period. pending before the district court in [Mr. EVINS] made reference on the floor So, now, the big question is: How can we Boston, the Government has now been to the overseas buildings program being prevent further loss in the dollar's purchas­ conducted by the Department of State. ing power? forced to drop the "organize" part of The answer is: "Through many steps." For its count against 5 of the 6 defendants, He pointed out in considerable detail the one thing, the Federal Government must and has been forced to proceed solely projects which are now under construc­ avoid a policy of printing-press money­ on the allegation of their conspiracy to tion by the Department, and the addi­ wild expansion of the supply of greenbacks. "teach and advocate" violent overthrow tional ones which were being planned as For another thing, labor and management. of the Government. The sixth original a part of the Department's p1~ogram to must cooperate voluntarily, so as not to force defendant, Geofirey Warner White, an house our employees abroad. huge wage increases and then price increases. alleged Communist leader and organ­ I should like to observe that 4 years This inflation problem must be licked. ago as a Member of a small group from We dare not permit Americans to lose con­ izer, has been set free because the "or­ fidence in the value of their own money. ganize" count against him has had to this House, a searching field study was Fortunately, I don't think that there is be dropped. made of this program. During the reason for fear. In a Denver case, the 10th Circuit course of that study, it became evident Your American dollar is still one of the Court of Appeals has reversed the con­ that in many of the very difficult places strongest currencies in the world. viction and ordered a new trial for seven in the world, there was sore need to im­ When the United States Treasury backs convicted Communists, by ruling that the prove the physical facilities of our office up your dollar and backs up your savings Government's "organize" charge was in­ buildings as well as the housing for our bonds, you have every reason to be confident valid under the Supreme Court's Yates personnel. In many of these places, the in the Treasury's pledge. ruling. I was this week informed by standards for office buildings and living But it is up to each of us to avoid infia­ tionary pressures. It is up to us to save the Justice Department that they are quarters are so inadequate the Depart­ more of our money. Keep putting your considering whether the case can be re­ ment of State has no alternative but to money into United States savings bands, into tried under the "advocacy" count alone. construct adequate physical facilities to deposits in the bank, into the savings and On July 23 of this year I introduced house our representatives who are sta­ lo~n association and into insurance. legislation Pittsburgh, lieves that southern jurors would fail to Pa.: maintain our employees decently and convict where there was sufficient evi­ Through Congressman Fulton I have adequately in many of these localities. dence to warrant n. verdict of guilty. Our learned of your 88th birthday and the splen­ I should like to observe also that in jury system has a much better record did celebration of it in Bridgeport. In your carrying out this program a wholly con­ for upholding the law than does the sec­ gift to the citizens of your hometown, you structive use is made of foreign curren­ tion from which Mrs. Roosevelt comes. demonstrate again the standards of public cies and credits which are already owned The southerners are insisting upon the service which have guided your life. Con­ by the United States Government. Dur­ right of trial by jury because it happens gratulations to you and best wishes to all ing the past fiscal year, the Department who enter into the use of your new com­ to be existing law and because we believe munity center. carried out this program to the extent in trial by jury. Jury trials are one of of $19 million of which $14 million repre­ DWIGHT D. EISENHOWER. our ancient landmarks and one of the THE WHITE HOUSE, Washington, D. c. sented foreign.currency util~ation. For finest systems that civilization has pro­ 1958 the Department will carry out es­ duced. The southerners certainly do not My research shows the following about sentially the same level of program but believe that they should be denied the this remarkable man: will utilize $15 million of foreign cur­ right of trial by jury, when apparently The great wildcatter, Michael Late rency. we cannot sustain convictions of com­ Benedum, of Pittsburgh, who passed his Let me note that during the past 4 munists, although convicted ~ juries. 88th birthday on July 16, 1957, is still years, this program has required $50 There is one thing that the South is actively carrying on vast exploratory oil million to construct, acquire, maintain, quite proud of. That is that not one projects. Reputed to have discovered and operate our civilian Government­ southerner signed the petition that Mrs. more oil than any other man in history, owned properties abroad. Significant Roosevelt signed, asking President Eisen­ Uncle Mike, as he is known by oilmen is the iact that of this amount $39,500,- hower to grant a "Christmas amnesty" throughout the United States, has re­ 000 is foreign currency utilization and to Communist Party leaders jailed under cently commenced large-scale undertak­ only $10,500,000 is new cash dollar ap­ the Smith Act. These Communist Party ings in South America, in Central Amer­ appropriations. leaders were convicted for teaching or ica, and in Africa on leases covering l: must state that this utilization of advocating the forcible overthrow of the more than 3 million acres. foreign currencies for acquisition of Government, the same Government that Besides being familiar with each pe­ needed physical assets abroad is a sound has been kinder to Mrs. Roosevelt and troleum venture in which he has an in­ operating program for this Government. her family than to any other family in terest, Mr. Benedum finds time to direct I believe also that anyone who has trav­ the history of our country. personally the chai'itable and civic dis­ eled extensively abroad will agree that Indeed, philosophies change. When tribution of a large portion of his for­ our Government should be represented Mrs. Roosevelt's husband was claiming tune. There are more than 700 students in its establishments overseas with dig­ Georgia as his second home he executed in 26 colleges in the Pennsylvania and nified, appropriate, and adequate quar­ a deed to certain real estate in Georgia, West Virginia area who benefit from ters for our people. incorporating in that deed that the lands Benedum scholarships and student loan conveyed should never be sold to persons funds. In addition to this, there are of African descent. That deed is a mat­ dozens of churches, hospitals, and simi­ ter of public record down in Georgia. lar institutions in the same area of the Southern Juries Will Ignore Negro Rights country that receive substantial finan­ cial support from him. EXTENSION OF REMARKS One of the largest deserving benefi­ Tribute to Michael Benedum ciaries of Mr. Benedum's philanthropic OF effort has been the small West Virginia community of Bridgeport, where the HON. E. L. FORRESTER EXTENSION OF REMARKS OF GEORGIA great wildcatter was born and reared. OF He has given this town a $2 million IN Tl:-IE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES church; and also a· community center, Thursday, August 8, 1957 HON. JAMES G. FULTON complete with auditorium, dining room, Mr. FORRESTER. Mr. Speaker, the OF PENNSYLVANIA library, club rooms, swimming pool, ice Washington Daily News, Wednesday, IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES skating rink, and playgrounds at approx­ August 7, 1957, page 44, carried an ar­ Thursday, August 8, 1957 imately the same cost of $2 million. In ticle by Mrs. Eleanor Roosevelt entitled addition to these contributions, Mr. "Southern Juries Will Ignore Negro Mr. FULTON. Mr. Speaker, when Benedum has spent a half million dollars Rights." Michael Benedum reached his 88th restoring and beautifying the town's old Mrs. Roosevelt says in that article: birthday on July 16, 1957, his whole cemeteries and burying grounds. The Yet the whole point of the southerners! hometown, and many friends from all population and wealth of Bridgeport has fight for the jury trial amendment is that over the country, stopped to take a whole quadrupled in the last 10 years, largely they know a white jury will not give Negroes day to celebrate the event at Bridgeport, because of what Mr. Benedum has done the right to vote. This is just a way of es­ W. Va. Outstanding businessmen, pub­ for the town, in cooperation with the caping from having to face the quite differ­ lic officials, and his many friends by the local citizens, in making it a fine place ent problem of coming out against that right hundreds gathered for luncheon in honor in which to live. of Negroes to vote, which is the right of every of Mike Benedum and for a day of friend­ Mr. Benedum does not fit the popular American citizen. ship, gratitude, and remembrance. The conception of daring oil wildcatter, but I wonder where Mrs. Roosevelt ob­ many good works of Michael Benedum is friendly and rather quiet, shy, arid tained the information that white jurors for his community, the people of · West soft spoken. Business associates and his will violate their oaths? I wonder why Virginia, Pennsylvania, and Ohio, and many friends are frequent dinner guests Mrs. Roosevelt holds southerners in such the whole United States, were recalled. at his 8-acre estate in the heart of Pitts- 1957 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - HOUSE 14149 burgh's residential East End, where he Batista, of Cuba, is under pressure and one Western Hemisphere, and a more secure and lives a quiet, hard-working life to . this of the strongest opponents of communism safe United States. in this hemisphere, the Dominican Republic, Sincerely, day. We in Pittsburgh, as well as all of is under murderous assault from not only GARDNER R. WITHROW, .Pennsylvania and West Virginia, are Latin American points, but right here in the Member of Congress. proud of the accomplishments and con­ United States as well. I know of no case tribu.tions to the American people of · in recent history wnere exiles have been able such fine citizens as Michael Benedum. to stir up such v.enom in the United States, House Resolution 383 · or where exiles are so vitriolic in their de­ Whereas communism is on the march in sires to produce punishment or revolution, the Latin Americas and Caribbean; and · as in the case of the Dominican Republic. Whereas the chief of state of a friendly ally Communist Influence in the Caribbean and This is, indeed, strange departure from the was assassinated by a confessed Communist usual customs of where refugees, many of who held a position of trust; and in Latin Americas whom fled from conditions admittedly far Whereas revolution is being fomented in worse than in the Western Hemisphere, who the Caribbean and the Latin Americas on EXTENSION OF REMARKS are glad to be here and away from those such a vast scale as to indicate an organized terrorized homelands to forget all and be­ ·effort rather than localized feelings; and OF come good citizens. It would not surprise Whereas the national security calls for me to learn Communist forces supply much Communist-free and settled governments in HON. GARDNER R. WITHROW of the energy which makes up this strange the Western Hemisphere; and OF WISCONSIN program. Whereas it would appear that Communist IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Strange, too, is the fact ·that President forces are crowding the United States in the Figueres presides over Costa Rica, where Western Hemisphere to divert interest from Thursday, August 8, 1957 about 9 years ago communism was outlawed other strategic areas: Therefore be it Mr. WITHROW. Mr. Speaker, under by official act. Yet, the Communists con­ Resolved, That the Committee on Foreign leave to extend my remarks I include tinue to exist (perhaps in a relatively minor Affairs is authorized and directed to make role) openly and without punitive action by a study of Communist efforts and influences therein a letter I sent to the Honorable the Government of Costa Rica. being exerted in the Caribbean and Latin HOWARD SMITH, chairman of the Rules One does not live with communism that Americas and report to the Speaker of the Committee, relative to my House Resolu­ way. It may well be that here will be No. 4, House of Representatives not later than Jan­ tion 383, which I introduced August 1, to answer the Herald Tribune. I understand uary 10, 1958. l95'7, and which I also include in my Figueres recently unmasked two alleged as­ SEC. 2. The committee is authorized to remarks. ..sassins who had voluntarily confessed their employ such investigators, and such clerical The following letter was sent from mission· was at the direction of the chief of and professional assistance as may be neces­ Hon. GARDNER R. WITHROW to Hon. state of another country. Perhaps they sary, and the committee is authorized to were correct but it is a story with a familiar travel, and to authorize travel for employees, HOWARD SMITH, chairman, Committee on Communist theme-murder and revolution and to provide for whatever services may be Rules, in support of the resolution re­ stirred up in the international communism necessary. For these ·purposes the committee garding Communist influence in the Car­ program, but tailored carefully for local is authorized to expend not to exceed $25,000 ibbean and the Latin Americas in view purposes. The Communists which Figueres -out of the contingent fund of the House of of happenings in the last week which seems to tolerate may well be preparing him Representatives. strongly indicates a move of interna­ for No. 4 and laying the groundwork to place · SEC. 3. The committee is authorized to tional communism. Mr. WITHROW in­ the responsibility on another, since Commu­ hold hearings at such places in the United nists are sometim·es less concerned with States or Caribbean or Latin Americas as troduced House Resolution 383 on August credit than their goals. If Figueres is No. may be desirable and shall have the power 1, 1957. .-4, it would bring instant military action by to issue subpenas for witnesses for purposes AUGUST 7, . 1957~ .Costa Rica, unless it could be charged to of testifying at any duly authorized hearing Ron. HowARD SMITH, another outside source, which would relieve provided in this section. · Chairman, Committee on Ruies, Costa Rica Communists from punitive ac­ SEc. 4. In the course of its study and report House of Representatives, tion and give them time to organize a coup the committee shall pay special attention to Washington, D. C. in their orderly fashions. DEAR Ma. CHAIRMAN: I .am seriously con­ any activities calculated to be Communist in No. 5 may be Gen. R. Trujillo, in the Do­ purpose or nature tending to create antag­ cerned with the increasingly apparent vio­ minican Republic, since he seems to repre­ lence and Communist influence in the Car­ onism between countries in the Western sent the strongest resistance to communism Hemisphere with a view to amicable settle­ ibbean and the Latin Americas. It is no in the Latin Americas today. In the Domin­ ment of these hemispheric disputes and longer possible for us to distinguish petween ican Republic there is another equally pow­ trace the irritation to its source, and for quarreling among political groups and what erful foe of communism, the Catholic Church the express purpose of bolstering friendly we now know to be international Communlst of Rome, and it leaves little ground to feed a governments whose traditional alliance, tactics. Communist growth. The Communists may anticommunism, Christianity, and strategic On August 1, I introduced House Resolu­ need some strong help from within the importance to the United States is demand­ tion. 383, now before your committee, and United States, since we would resist outside ing of the confidence and support of tlle which I trust you will act upon before the foreign assistance at once, to break down United States. House adjourns. I do not believe the $25,000 this goal, and recent developments indicate to be exorbitant for a study of Communist they are. getting it. efforts in the Western Hemisphere; however, The Monroe Doctrine not only calls for in recognition of the economy efforts, I would the United States to protect the Western not object to your reducing the amount, so Hemisphere from without, but certainly from Pay Raises for F e.deral Employees long as we can begin some concrete effort to within from a foreign influence which would meet this problem, which is of concern to destroy us all. In recent weeks, I have EXTENSION OF REMARKS all of us. heard colleagues speak of dictatorships as if I need not go into much detail on the they were something new. Latin America OF need for favorable action by the Committee has always had its strong men, who in turn on Rules and the Committee on Foreign were replaced . by strong men, and strong HON. JOHN J. McFALL Affairs. We in Wisconsin have long been men will replace those now in power, with a OF CALIFORNIA attuned to the dangers of communism. I continuing succession for years to come. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES need only to invite the committee's atten­ The limited self-interest of any strong man tion to the Washington Post on Sunday, offers more· liberty than communism, which Thursday, August 8, 1957 August 4, wherein a special New York Her­ makes every person the .abject slave to a Mr. McFALL. Mr. Speaker, under ald Tribune dispa"tch asked: "Castillo Death strange ideology. In a police state there leave to extend my remarks, I first wish Starts Check on Who's Next." may be security personnel who will check President Carlos Castillo Armas, of Guate­ on citizens, but communism offers the al­ to thank you for the privilege of express­ mala, has just died of an assassin's bullet, ternatiye of ~aving a break in a long work­ ing myself in favor of . immediate and fired by a palace guard who stood revealed as ing day where you don't drink coffee or meaningful pay raises for Federal em­ an acknowledged Communist. Just previ­ siesta but spend the time denouncing your­ ployees. ously, President Jose A. Rem6n, of Panama, self or having a fellow worker do it. The 11th Congressional District, was murdered, followed by President Ana­ House Resolution 383 will help in imple­ which 1 represent in California, has a stasio Somozo, of Nicaragua. ·These three menting the Monroe Doctrine. I warn the great many Federal employees includ­ were not only devoted friends and allies of House that we owe it to Christian and anti­ the United States, but each was bitterly communist governments to help search out ing postal workers and persons employed anti-Communist. and expose ·the Communists and their plans, at Sharpe General Depot, the Stockton The pattern is much too· widespread to be as much a matter of our protection as Naval Supply Annex and other Federal purely localized political unrest. President theirs. . In so doing _we r~alize I'!- stronger offices and installations. 14150 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - HOUSE August 8 The salary question is a very real and Thallander; Lee Chadwick; Mrs. Eva to carry out a major assignment on the pressing problem which calls for a forth- · Brooks; Emmet Ames; Walter Sun; Earl part of our Armed Forces. right approach. For the employees con· Robbins; George Keane; Emmett Little­ It will be recalled that the Big Bend cerned, it is a matter of simple justice; ton; Fred Axner; Roy Anderson; John fliers rescued a Houston woman from for the Government, it is a matter of Walker; Francis Middleton; S. R. Edel­ the park after a search of 6 days and attracting and retaining qualified per­ man; George Anderson; Edward Tod· nights. Failing to get response from the sonnel in the interest of efficiency and resic; E. R. Paddeford; Dick Willis; CAP office in Fort Worth when asking economy. In my opinion, an adequate George Scott; Manuel Retamoza; Brian for permission to conduct an official pay schedule for Federal employees is O'Loughlin; Joseph Kaufman; Alfred CAP mission, the flyers elected to carry long overdue, at least to the extent of Vesik; E. A. Schanzenbach; F. Elwood out a mission of mercy as individuals keeping up with the fast-rising cost of Reitz; Fred Moore; George Ely; Mr. and and their efforts ended successfully. living. Lester Cherry; Mr. and Mrs. William Persons in Alpine, Tex., having no Federal employees are in the unique Weston; L. J. Hefner; Marshall Haines; connection with the Big Bend CAP unit, position of having to accept what is John McDonald; Earl Call; Forrest Bish­ informed me of the work of the flyers given to them without being able to fight op; S. Bozzini; Mr. and Mrs. Lloyd and suggested I attempt to collect for for their rights by the conventional Kleine; W. G. Oyler; Mr. and Mrs. Ming them the actual funds they had spent methods available to other employees Wong; Mrs. P. S. Willis; Frank Chi­ from their own pockets in conducting who negotiate wage matters with their turas; Mrs. F. A. Middleton; Reuben the search. The National Park Service employers. It would be highly im­ Howeth; Mr. and Mrs. Charles Bryant; agreed to pay it, and I so notified the proper, in my opinion, for the Federal Everett Spitler; Bob Raines; Cleo Wet­ flyers. Later, however, the Park Serv­ Government, as an employer, to take ad­ ter; Gerald Enos; Mr. and Mrs. Moody ice informed me the fliers had voted vantage of this unique authority and to Blanchard; Mrs. Edward Cole; W. J. not to accept the money as they had expect Government employees to pay the Thomas; Clyde Dyer; Roy Brannon; carried out the search as individuals, cost of any governmental budget diffi­ Flora Johnson; Henry Ruthmann; Gil­ not with the thought of collecting re­ culties. Certainly, any threats of a bert Rosa; Jesse Black; C. J. Bennett; imbmsement but with the thought of Presidential veto should not deter the Carl Walker; Mrs. Florence Long; Jack saving a life. This, I thought, was a Congress from taking the only just and Woodhams; Joe Fong; John Seyben; Le­ most admirable attitude. equitable course. Roy Wright; D. H. Brandon; Mrs. Bessie Apparently, however, General Agee As you know, the House by an over­ Murano; Vernon Baltz; Doris McFar­ and others within the ivory towers of whelming majority has voted for a $546 land; John Watts; Frank Osterman; high CAP circles did not agree. The annual pay increase for postal workers. William Morris; Mrs. Frank Beiler; next thing I knew, the CAP ordered an The House Civil Service Committee has Stuart Scofield; Howard Grove; Mrs. investigation into the conduct cf Maj. recommended a fiat 11 percent increase David Gemigniani; Edward Dupont; "Bob" Crawford, the Big Bend CAP for classified employees, which per­ David Walker; Melvin Backlund; Bert commanding officer. It is interesting to centagewise would approximately equal Hubers; B. T. Sloan; Burton Davis; note that the CAP officials did not ask the postal pay raise. Wendell Hall; Ray Berry; Melvin Leno; Major Crawford one single thing about In my files are scores of letters bear­ E. R. Thomspson; F. E. Rinehart; Bon­ the successful search he conducted, nor ing convincing evidence of the injustice nie Gelderman; Mrs. Everett Spitler; did they comment on his saving the life of the present scales and the pressing Mrs. Everett Ross; Mr. and Mrs. W. M. of the lost woman. The only questions need for remedial action now, not some Elzner; Mr. Frank D. Uomini, Jr.; Mrs. posed to Major Crawford were these: time in the distant future. It has long 0. L. Rich, Sr.; Mrs. Geo. Graziano; How did the newspapers get the pub­ been my belief that one of the greatest Sybil Sticht; and Richard Suess. wastes in Government is the loss of licity relating to the search, and how did trained personnel through heavy turn­ Congressman J. T. RUTHERFORD become over and the loss of potential public involved in the matter of attempting to collect the· money spent by the flyers? workers who are forced to enter more Air Force Secretary Asked To Investigate remunerative fields. The answer to the first question is Following are the names of some of CAP Military Setup obvious: the search was of nationwide the persons who have written to me con­ importance, and was covered by report­ ers and correspondents from the El Paso cerning the inadequacies of the present EXTENSION OF REMARKS Federal pay: Herald-Post, another El Paso daily in Mrs. Elvira Lopez; Dick Remington; OF addition to the Herald-Post, the San An­ J. E. Willey; C. B. Rose; Reid Hollings­ HON. J. T. RUTHERFORD gelo Standard-Times, the Forth Worth worth; Joseph Groves; H. Clemens; Gene Press, the Fort Worth Star-Telegram, Hopper; Mrs. Martha Davela; Mrs. OF TEXAS the Alpine Avalanche and the major Pearl Jones; Mrs. Estelle Simpson; Mrs. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES wire services in the news-gathering field. Marjorie Sheridan; Nell Heil; Mrs. A. F. Thursday, August 8, 1957 I can assure you that Major Crawford Harrison; Mrs. M. F. Blackshear; Bill and his flyers were too busy saving a life Halstead; Mrs. J. H. Smalley; Mr. and Mr. RUTHERFORD. Mr. Speaker, to be issuing press releases. The an­ Mrs. Forrest Cooper; Mr. J. Chincarini; on July 16 I remarked for the RECORD swer to the second question has already Carl Van Allen; Dean De Carli; Karl on the outstanding job turned in by the been given, by saying that interested Monten; Chet Farnsworth; Duryea Big Bend Squadron of the Civil Air persons in Alpine, having no connection Warn; James Lystra; James Tutor; Miss Patrol in connection with rescue opera­ with the flyers, called the matter to my Bonnibell Lamence; Helen Lewis; Mrs. tions in the Big Bend National Park of attention and felt the boys should be re­ Annie Eigenberger; Arnold Lawson; A. Texas. Now I find it my sad duty to imbursed for their expenses. J. Beerbower; Mr. and Mrs. Walton Har· report to the Members of this House At no time-and I repeat-at no time, ris; Mrs. Gladis Cole; Hollie Langiey; that the fine work: accomplished by this did Maj. "Bob" Crawford or any other Edythe Rigor; Jean Harris; Nora La­ group of Texas flyers has not been met member of the Big Bend CAP unit con­ zara; Milton Loy; Velma Robinson; Mrs. with the appreciation one would expect, tact me about the money, or for any other Adrea Haggren; Luella Neckels; Dorothy but with the blundering persecution of reason. Firth; Lois Robinson; Rebecca Mac­ the leader of those fliers by high Civil Yet last Sunday, August 4, CAP big­ Farlane; Frank Weaver; Mrs. Audelle Air Pa.trol and Air Force officials. wigs met in star-chamber proceedings Berry; P. L. Menou; Mrs. Oleta Hester· For some 3 or 4 days now I hav:e been in Fort Worth, Tex., and decided to re­ ly; Joan Loftus; Lorraine McElwee; in conversation, via the telephone, with lieve Major Crawford of his command Rose Del Barba; Gerald Marques; Ber­ Maj. Gen. Walter Agee. General for what they termed "his handling of tram Jacobs; M. W. Auge; Eldon Peter­ Agee is a member of the United States the case." I talked yesterday for almost son; C. A. Rivers; Mrs. Reba Gibson; Air Force, and his full-time duty assign­ 40 minutes with General Agee, asking F. J. Crona; Mrs. Jean Peterson; Mrs. ment is to act as National Commanding him time and time again to explain what Violet Carney; Leonard Silva; Harold Officer of the Civil Air Patrol. I regret was meant by Major Crawford's "han.. Weed; George Brehm; Mr. and Mrs. to say his actions in this case have not dling of the case." He did not once give Joseph Dias; Mrs. Vea Camp; Wilfred given me any confidence in his ability me a satisfactory answer, referring only 1957 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - HOUSE 14151 to the "adverse publicity" the CAP did Crawford the right of appeal. This is a comes from the divine source. On many not like. So the sum total of the situa­ culmination of the biggest railroad job occasions while Jesus was on earth He re­ tion is this: Major Crawford is being since the railsplitters headed west. ferred to the light. After His triumphant entry into Jerusalem and just prior i() par­ relieved of his command because he did I have only admiration for the Big taking the Last Supper with His disciples. not censor the many representatives of Bend tlyers and for Major Crawford Jesus advlsed the crowd to "Walk while you the press, who reported oniy the facts based on their activities of their search have the light, lest the darkness overtake and what was common knowledge to the in the Big Bend National Park. Like­ you." He vividly explained that those who citizens of the Big Bend area, and be­ wise, I have only admiration for the CAP walk in darkness do not know where they cause I entered into the case at the re­ members all over the United States who go. He was simply trying to teach the value quest of Alpine citizens. I say again that give of their time and efforts to belong of the Christian way of life and He used the word "light'' as a most significant symbol. I have not heard from Major Crawford, to an organization that has done so much Those who disbelieved on that tragic occa­ I do not personally know him and I doubt good in the past, and that has the oppor­ sion did not know the extent and power of if I would recognize him if he walked into tunity to do so much good in the future. the light that God had brought into their this House, but this apparently makes no I fear for them, however, because if the lives through the teaching and example of difference to General Agee and his cen­ actions condoned by General Agee are Jesus. sorship-conscious commandos. allowed to go unchallenged, who knows In her book, The Sea Around Us, Rachel who will next be purged from the ranks Carson has a chapter on wind and water, I point out that Major Crawford was and she describes the effects of coastal not notified of the Fort Worth meeting of the CAP in the future? storms. Along a rocky coast, for example, deciding his CAP fate, he had no chance I am calling these remarks to the at­ the waves of a severe storm are likely to be to explain his side of the story, to be in­ tention of the Secretary of the Air Force. armed with stones and rock fragments. Once formed of the charges against him or to and am asking him to conduct an inves­ a rock weighing 135 pounds was thrown face his accusers. I submit to the House tigation into this matter, and into the higher than the lightkeeper's house on Tilla­ that things are in a sorry state when an entire operations of General Agee's office. mook Rock, 100 feet above sea level. As it fell, it tore a 20-foot hole through the roof. organization chartered by Congress, and In America, we cannot allow a hand­ She mentions a lighthouse, which stood on commanded by a major general in the ful of men to establish themselves as the summit of a cliff, 300 feet high, in which United States Air Force, can conduct paragons of virtue, as censors of our windows and lights were repeatedly broken such purge proceedings that would be press, as overlords of our right of free by stones from the cliff and tossed like con­ more in keeping with the operation of speech and petition. I urge each Mem­ fetti by the waves. the Kremlin than with the operation of ber of the House to join me in asking In reading her description of the perils of lighthouse keeping, it occurred to me that the Pentagon. the Secretary of the Air Force to look here was a job even more hazardous than Even more amazing is this drastic ac­ into the situation. being a Congressman. tion when we consider the statements of What a tremendous responsibility to tend CAP officials that the Big Bend unit was light against the elements. Light always not an official CAP organization at the seems to lead a very precarious existence in time of the search. Cot Sidney Perry­ Address by Hon. Robert C. Byrd Before our world. Like the wall, in Robert Frost's man of Olney, Tex., wing commander the Youth Temperance Council, Cowen, poem, there is something that doesn't like of the CAP for this area, told newsmen it, something that wants it out. Any man W. Va. who tries to keep a light shining finds him­ shortly after the woman had been l?elf from time to time facing great odds. rescued from the park that he could not What was it Jesus said to His disciples? officially commend members of the Big EXTENSION OF REMARKS "Therefore, be careful lest the light in you Bend flying posse, "because officially they OF become darkness." In these days when the are not yet members of the CAP." I light in our world seems to be so feeble, we do not know Colonel Perryman, either, HON. CLEVELAND M. BAILEY need to hear His words again. The light OF WES.T VIRGINIA that He brought into the world needs tend­ but I wonder what kind of a man he can ing. We never dare to take it for granted, be to make that statement and then, a IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES for darkness is always waiting to blot it out few weeks later, bring charges against Thursday, August 8, 1957 at the first sign of weakness. "Therefore, the man designated 1tS the commanding be careful lest the light in you become officer of the same organization. Mr. BAILEY. Mr. Speaker, on last darkness." When I read Colonel Perryman's Sunday, August 4, my colleague, the Let me say first of all that we need to be statement in the newspapers, I checked Honorable ROBERT c. BYRD, made a concerned with tending the light of human to see why the Big Bend squadron had speech at Cowen, W. Va., before the decency. not been recognized. I found that al­ Youth Temperance Council. Cowen is in One of the sad truths about human life though the members paid for their I. D. my Congressional District, and I have in that we have learned in our own generation the past watched the activities of this is that there is no automatic guaranty on cards and for their charter last March, decency. One might think that as wealth they had received nothing more. After group of young people with a great deal and standards of living tend to rise, decency numerous letters to General Agee, all an­ of interest. Mr. BYRD has always been would be assured. And yet the family liv­ swered by someone else in his absence, glad to assist the youth of our country in ing in a wealthy home with all of its con­ i received a letter from his office saying the development of noble ideals, and I veniences shows no more natural inclination that as of 2 weeks ago the charter ap­ am confident that his speech to the boys to goodness than the less fortunate neigh­ plication had not even been received by and girls at Cowen was received as a bors. Character does not fiuctuate with challenging one. His address, The Lights wealth or material resources. CAP headquarters. Thus far General One would suppose that a high standard of Agee has not explained what happened of Decency, Faith, and Temperance, is culture and intellectual life would carry with to that application during the past 5 one which is not only appropriate for it the guaranty of decency. It must be months. Yet, Colonel Perryman only re­ young people of our day, but it is also true as one of our Protestant bishops has cently wrote Major Crawford that the one which contains facts of vital im­ said, that civilization is always like a little unit was "being placed on probation un­ portance to the adult generation. I am clearing on the edge of the jungle-and that til October 1," and then followed with glad, Mr. Speaker, to call it to the atten­ at night, if you are quiet, you can hear the tion of my colleagues. howling of the beasts-and the jungle is the secret closed-door hearing in Fort always waiting, ready to take over the min­ Worth last Sunday at which the charac­ Congressman BYRD'S speech follows: ute man relaxes his vigilance. ter of a man not invited to the session THE LrGHTS OF DECENCY, FAITH, AND The Christian and the church must always was roundly attacked. TEMPERANCE be concerned with tending the light of hu­ General Agee has given every indica­ Young people possess certain traits and man decency. There are so many ways in tion of being the original "rubber stamp" abilities which are envied by the older gen­ which life is degraded. There are so many commander. He told me on the tele­ eration. And so, it is no mere formality circumstances in which darkness prevails. phone yesterday that he has not yet re­ when I tell you that I am glad you asked Decency ls never guaranteed by wealth, or me to be with you today. You have made by education, or by social standing. It is ceived the official transcript of the star­ me feel very much at home on this occasion. guaranteed only by the moral courage and chamber proceedings firing Major You have told me that your theme for determination of individuals like you and Crawford, but that he "fully intends to the year is Erect Towers of Outreach and me. back Colonel Perryman up." In other your text is verse 3 of the 43d Psalm-"O Now the second thing I want to say is that words, he is refusing to review the case send out Thy light and Thy truth." The we need to be concerned with tending the with an open mind and has denied Major light referred to, of course, is that which light of faith; 14152 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - HOUSE August 8 I don't know of anyone who makes me people respect you for it." Another said: The Annual Mason-Dixon Industrial Man­ more uncomfortable than the man who .. When I am at a party and the host brings knows everything. In religion especially, in some drinks, I know that some ought not agement Conference, Held at York, there are so many people who have ap­ to drink because they will be driving others parently never had a moment's doubt about home. Some ought to keep away from the Pa., for the Purpose of Promoting Per­ anything pertaining to their faith. Do you stuff for their own good. My example sonal Growth Through the Exchange of remember how much closer Jesus was to a counts for something and as a Christian I m an like Thomas, famous for his skeptical feel responsible." These young people are Ideas, Continues Its Mission of Provid­ mind-than to the Pharisees who knew carefully tending the light of temperance. ing Inspiration and Knowledge to everything about everything? Honest doubt Our youth can make a mighty contribu­ seems to me a better foundation for a tion to the cause of sobriety. The opinions Industrial Leaders in the York Area spiritual structure than a closed dogmatic and the actions of young people attract creed. much attention. It is unlikely that the al­ EXTENSION OF REMARKS Having said that, I want to go on and cohol problem will ever be solved until qualify it by saying that there comes a time young people in vast numbers become vol­ OF when a man has to guard the tiny flame of untary abstainers and become leaders in the faith within, for, if he does not, it can be battle against the drinking of alcoholic HON. JAMES E. VAN ZANDT quickly extinguished. It is more important beverages. OF PENNSYLVANIA to fight for what you believe than to settle Here are some things that young people IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES down to P. life of indifferent cynicism. And can do to keep the light of temperance the unhappiest people I have ever met are burning bright: Thursday, August 8, 1957 those who have lived their whole lives with­ Young people can learn the truth about Mr. VAN ZANDT. Mr. Speaker, it was out coming to the place where they could alcohol. No one can afford to be ignorant a pleasure to accompany Representative say: "This I believe, and hold to be true." .about alcoholic beverages. The welfare of WALTER STAUFFER of the 19th Congres­ Horace Bushnell is a name that illustrates family life, the stability of society, safety on s. what I am trying to say. Early in the last the highways, and the health of the Nation sional District of Pennsylvania to his century he became a tutor at Yale, and at the depend upon sobriety. Ignorance of the home city of York, Pa., August 7, 1957, same time a student of law. He called him­ facts about alcohol can cause young people where I delivered the principal address self an agnostic, one who does not pretend to stumble. I urge you to read and learn. at the Mason-Dixon Industrial Manage­ to believe anything, one way or another. Two Young people can patronize social events ment Conference sponsored by the Fore­ years later a powerful Christian movement which do not serve alcoholic drinks. Chris­ men's Club of York, Pa., and held at the began to develop on the Yale campus, and tian young people have an obligation to York Fairgrounds. the students watched Bushnell to see how he make popular the serving of nonalcoholic would react. He was a very popular teacher. drinks at social functions. This is being For several years the Mason-Dixon He recognized that he was influencing many done in many communities and it can be Conference has been held for the purpose students, and so one night he decided to face done in many others when Christian young of enabling leaders of industry in the the issue as to whexe he stood in respect people act courageously and with convic­ York area to assemble annually to ex­ to religion. tion. change ideas and opinions on subjects of. He made two columns on a piece of paper, Dr. Hornell Hart, professor sociology at mutual interest. The prime purpose of one negative and the other positive. He put Duke University, has eloquently spoken to three entries into the negative column. youth in the following words: "Because I the annual conference is to encourage "F'irst: I believe that the Bible is a collec­ want to live as richly, keenly, and fully as and promote personal growth through tion of Jewish folklore and Chaldean fables. possible, I am an abstainer from alcoholic exchange of ideas, and in pursuit of this Second: I believe that Jesus was nothing drinks. The joy of life depends, for me, objective the program schedule, from more than a Galilean peasant. Third, I see vitally upon being in full command of my­ 4 to 9 p. m., featured 2 afternoon speak­ no valid reason why I should believe in a self. Alcohol deprives those who use it of ers preceding the dinner hour, followed God at all." In the positive column he was the possession of themselves. It dulls the by the principal address at 7: 45 p. m. able to make only one entry: "I believe that keen edge of intellectual power. Personally, there is an eternal distinction between right I feel the need of the utmost abilities I The theme of the 1957 Mason-Dixon and wrong." can possess in order to achieve the final 5 or Conference was Industry Tomorrow, and But this is the important point. He de­ 10 percent of quality in my work which so in keeping with the theme, I was invited cided that he could not give up what he often makes the difference between . failure to speak on the subject, Peacetime Uses did believe because of what he did not be­ and success. Keenness of living depends in a of Atomic Energy. A copy of my address lieve. So he committed his life to it, and large measure upon health. Alcohol is an follows: little by little the truth broke upon him. enemy of health. Much of richness of expe­ Before the year was out, he entered the rience depends upon looking back to vividly THE PEACETIME USES OF ATOMIC ENERGY theological department at Yale, and 2 years joyful memories. I find that the recollec­ (Address delivered by Representative JAMES later was ordained a minister. tions which people seem to retain of alcoholic E. VAN ZANDT, Member of Congress, 20th It is a great thing to keep an open mind, sprees are muggy and repulsive to them. The District of Pennsylvania, at the Mason­ but at the same time it is fatal never to be love of my family is one of the most precious Dixon Industrial Management Conference, able to object to anything at all. A Chris­ of my possessions. Sociological studies show Wednesday, August 7, 1957, at 7:30 p. m., tian is someone who has a certain faith; that drinking is a prime cause of grief, of York Fairgrounds, York, Pa.) his experience verifies the thing he believes. conflict, and of disaster in family life. Many Mr. Chairman, you honor me by your in­ But any man's faith is at best a tiny, flicker­ drinkers defend alcohol as· a means of ob­ vitation to participate in the 1957 Mason­ ing candle in a sea of darkness, so much re­ taining thrilling excitement. But I shall find Dixon Industrial Management Conference, mains unknown. The light of faith is the my thrills by keeping my mind keen, my body which has as its theme "Industry Tomorrow." light that needs tending. vigorous, my memories delightful, my friend­ This idea of bringing together representa­ There is a third thing I want to say: we ships sound, and myself free from enslave­ tives of industry in York County and sur­ need to tend the light o.f temperance. And ment to habit-forming drugs like alcohol." rounding areas is highly commendable be­ once again, here is a light that none dares If you accept the creed I have just re­ cause it permits personal growth through an take for granted. Alcohol poses an urgent peated, the light of temperance will burn exchange of opinions and ideas. The Fore­ problem to the youth of today. Every par­ brightly and will not go out. men's Club of York, Pa., sponsor of this ent faces the disturbing fact that a child I wish to express to the members of the industrial management conference, is to be of high school age must be prepared to meet Women's Christian Temperance Union my congratulated for such a worthwhile contri­ the threat of liquor. No parent can say­ congratulations on the success with which bution to the industrial life of this area. no young person can say, "This problem this conference has been planned and exe­ In keeping with the spirit of the times, does not concern me." cuted. They are keeping the light of tem­ and in recognition of the theme of this con­ About seventy million Americans drink perance burning in our land. ference, Industry Tomorrow, I have selected alcoholic beverages. These are very recent In closing I want to leave with you a few as the subject of my discourse The Peace­ :figures-figures quoted in a Washington lines from the contemporary English poem, time Uses of Atomic Energy. In discussing newspaper on July 20. Medical science know, From the Gate of the Year, by M. Louise this important subject, in my capacity as a Haskins: member of the Joint Congressional Commit­ as a statistical fact, that about 7 percent of •And I said to the man who stood at the gate tee on Atomic Energy, you have my assur­ all drinkers will wind up as alcoholics. But it of the year: ance that there is a definite feeling of adven­ cannot now predict, with any degree of ac­ •Give me a light, that I may tread safely ture in exploring the nuclear field. curacy, who will be included in that 7 into the unknown!' On the one hand, we are exploring the percent. And he replied: unknown in sciences-physics, chemistry, Young people who abstain do a great serv­ 'Go out into the darkness and put your metallurgy, biology, etc.-as well as unknown · ice to the Nation, to other young people, hand into the hand of God. fields in engineering and construction and and to themselves. A college student said:_ 'That shall be to you better than light and the knowledge as to how they are managed. "Not drinking is a sign of strength and safer than a known way.' " On the other hand, there must be applied 1957 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - HOUSE 14153 sound scientific engineering and business 4. The basis for the international atoms­ addition to the synthetic production of drugs, principles to solve unprecedented problems for-peace prograin. progress is being made with TB drugs, arising from unique and sometimes impos­ 5. And the role of the Joint Committee on radioactive-labeled tranquilizer pills, and in sible situations. Atomic Energy which serves as watchdog alleviation of the dread disease, leukemia. To date the American people have spent for the entire atomic program, providing en­ Meanwhile, other interesting techniques are nearly $15 billion in the field of atomic couragement and sometimes the spur for the being carried on with regard to the aging energy, and the surface has barely been executive branch to develop basic technology process, or what makes people grow old. scratched. The great bulk of this money has and to provide both the necessary supplies Of equal interest to industry are the costs been spent on military application of nuclear and the services contributing to the sound· and industrial uses to which the radioactive energy. Several years ago, however, the rate growth of the atomic-energy industry. isotope is capable of being employed. To of spending on peacetime uses of the atom The time and scope of ·this presentation begin with, it might be noted that the known started to climb considerably. The result forbid a detailed exploration of the atom's applications of radioisotope techniques have has been that today we are faced with a steadily mounting peaceful use, or of its by no means saturated the market. For vast new science that affects the lives of all impact on: example, it is estimated that the market for of us and which is having a marked influ­ 1. Agriculture. radioisotope thickness gauges is less than ence on the industrial life of the Nation. 2. Radiation preservation of foods. 10 percent saturated. Such installations, on Since this Mason-Dixon conference repre­ 3. Medicine and public health. the average, have been found to pay off the sents a true cross-section of the business and 4. Power generation. initial investment in less than a year. Sav­ industrial leaders of this area, I wish to tell 5. The insurance industry. ings in the measuring, recording, and con­ you the story of atomic energy in down-to­ 6. The coal and mining industries. trolling of the thickness of various materials earth language. It is my hope that when 7. Commercial shipping and airlines. such as plastic, rubber, aluminum, and this conference terminates you will have a 8. And many other segments of our econ­ cigarettes have returned to American manu­ clearer concept of the atomic revolution that omy. facturers approximately $110 million per is enveloping mankind. . Peaceful uses of the atom in these various year. This sum is expected to rise to $1 bil­ Atomic energy (or nuclear energy, as the fields were recently considered by the Mc­ lion per year in 2 or 3 years, according to scientist calls it) is everywhere around us, Kinney panel. The findings led to the more Atomic Energy Commission figures. with the sun pouring out great quantities or less general conclusion that the United Another comparatively new use of radio­ of atomic energy which come to the earth in States maintains world leadership in the de­ isotopes is to facilitate oil well stimulation. the form of heat, light, and other kinds of velopment of nuclear energy for defense and This newly born use for radioactive tracers, radiation. Atomic energy as we know it to­ for peaceful progress. The detailed record already represents a large potential source day results from splitting atoms of heavy of the McKinney panel not only led to this of profit to the oil industry in terms of element uranium and its byproduct plu­ last realization but furnished an impressive getting more oil out of the same piece of tonium. Uranium, which is sometimes record of the joint contribution made by our ground and doing it more cheaply. called a critical or operational mass, is radio­ scientists, engineers, and American industry. To give you some idea of the great poten­ active material and is used to produce a One aspect which is deserving of a little tial from placing short-lived isotopes in the chain reaction. The splitting of the atom, more specific treatment is the matter of intermediate product itself and using the radiation from these isotopes control the or fission, as it is called, releases great radio~ctive isotopes, the miracle tool of the to amounts of energy, thus permitting man to atomic age-the so-called byproducts of out manufacturing process, let me go into a tap the almost inexhaustible source of na­ atomic reactors. In the past several years, little detail for you. First, it is possible to ture's energy which can then be used as a there has been a dramatic upsurge in the make use of radioactive carbon or hydrogen curse or a blessing to mankind. number and variety of things for which on the part of every organic chemical indus­ In any serious consideration or review of isotopes are being used. For an illustration, try, thus controlling production operations the peaceful uses of atomic energy, one sig­ existing applications include everything from by judicious labeling of the material being nificant starting point suggests itself in the clinical examination to oil drilling, from ag­ processed at safe, low radiation levels. For form of a question: What do we expect to get ricultural experiments to spot welding. Yet example, you can label a certain ingredient out of atomic energy? From a military the surface has barely been scratched. of crude oil-such as octane-before it goes to an oil refinery. standpoint, there is no question that the de­ Then, too, the annual savings to American velopment of nuclear weapons has served as a Secondly, it is possible to use a small industry from the many different isotopes are amount of radioactive iodine by adding it to deterrent to war and a great contributing estimated at one-third of a billion dollars factor to our national defense. But even the the rosin core in a rosin-core solder. Then annually. By 1960, it has been estimated by means of a continuous Geiger counter military applications of atomic energy are that isotope savings will amount to $5 bil­ very obviously bound to intersect, affect, and monitoring on the production line any lion, at an annual cost to the Government poorly soldered joints in radio, TV sets, and concern the peaceful uses. This appraisal of $20 million. Therefore, it is possible, over is principally concerned with, and directs its similar electronic assemblies will be de­ the long run, that benefits from isotopes will tected. Thirdly, a small quantity of radio­ attention to, these intersections and peace­ more than repay the huge investment we ful applications of the atom. active iodine can be added to the glue in have made in our atomic energy program. making a plywood. With a Geiger counter, Returning to our question: What do we This, by way of anticipation, could prove a expect to get out of atomic energy in its you can establish uniformity of application very reassuring and comforting answer to of the glue and thus develop quality con­ peaceful. uses? Let me tell you what we our original question: What do we expect very definitely are not going to get out of trol and improvement in the strength of the to get out of atomic energy? plywood. Fourth, by adding radioisotope it. To begin with, Thomas Edison points The role of isotopes in the peacetime uses out that a better idea may be had of what a to dyes, you can detect color-bleeding in of atomic energy is revealed in the following the manufacture of textile fabrics. Finally, thing is if first you know what the thing is authoritative words of Atomic Energy Com­ not. through the use of isotopes, methods of con­ missioner Dr. Willard F. Libby: trolling the uniform mixing of materials There are some who expect atomic P,nergy "In the field of the atoms-for-peace pro­ such as paint or lubricating grease are pos­ to be the cure-all, a sort of universal panacea, gram, isotopes will play a very great role, sible. for both the economic and physical ailments for they can be put to work immediately of the world. Some others-who may be In citing these industrial applications, it without extensive training and heavy invest­ is proper to conclude that the application called plungers, with their eyes on the mak­ ment, and can serve for years to reconvince ing of a fast dollar, view the atom as an of radioisotopes to industry, medicine, and the people the world over of the atom's great agriculture continues to be one of the bright easy road to fame and fortune. Well, let me promise for peaceful uses when they become spots in the atomic energy program. In make it perfectly clear; atomic energy is impatient waiting for the other great peace­ addition, their rate of growth is rapid and not yet any of these things. ful use-atomic power-to arrive." to such an extent that it may well be that On the other hand, there is room for a Recognizing the important part agricul­ the savings to industry alone will in a few good deal of optimism, for in my opinion ture plays in the economy of this area, let years repay the Nation handsomely for its we have made a great deal of progress since me mention a few examples of the impact entire investment in atomic energy devel­ the Atomic Energy Act was first passed in of the isotope in the field of agriculture: opment. 1946. Considerably more progress has been First, improvement in the fertility of the In the field of atomic power, there is no made since the Act was amended in 1954. soil, and second, to kill plant diseases and need for our Federal Government to under­ This progress is mainly due to: improve strains of farm animals. From the take a crash program. We have ample coal 1. A civilian Atomic Energy Commission standpoint of handling and processing food, resources here in Pennsylvania and in other responsible for the program and carrying ou1; atomic energy plays an important part. It parts of the country. The Government's its activities through industrial and uni­ is also effective in purifying salt water for efforts should be restricted to research and versity contractors with administration in irrigation purposes. development, and construction of small ad­ the field. In the field of medicine and pharmacy, the vanced prototypes in the field of atomic 2. The more recent policy of encouraging radioactive isotope of iodine is being used power, and construction of large-scale atomic greater private ownership and participa­ to find out more about the distribution of powerplants should be left primarily to tion in the development of an atomic-energy the body's metabolism and its special charac­ private industry, with limited Government industry free of Government monopoly. teristics. Interesting and rewarding results research and development assistance. 3. Greater declassification of technicµl in­ have been attained in arresting excessive In connection with the development of formation. thyroid activity and heart conditions. In atomic power, there is the erroneous belief 14154 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - HOUSE August 8, 1957 of many persons not familiar with reactor proximately 15 years old, since the first re­ billion to date, we have barely scratched development that a reactor is a device actor, built by Dr. Enrico Fermi, went into the surface in developing the ultimate bene­ shrouded in mystery and concocted by long. operation on December 2, 1942, in Chicago. fits to be derived by mankind. Fifty years haired scientists. They believe that new AB of June 30, 1957, in the United States, from now, barring an atomic war, atomic rules of operation must be used on it and 267 reactors had been built or were in the energy will be as common as electricity and that it uses only exotic materials under various stages of planning or construction. coal are today. Atomic planes, atomic rocket strange and secretive conditions. All of this It is interesting to observe that while the ships, automobiles, locomotives, farm trac­ is an exaggeration-including the mystery reactor industry has progressed more rapidly tors, etc., will be in everyday use and an angle. in its 15 years than the steam power indus­ accustomed sight on the world scene. Homes In plain words, a reactor is a machine for try did in its first hundred years, we are still will be heated and cooled by the atom. Food, producing energy in the form of heat. It a long way from developing atomic power clothing, medicines, and crops will be im­ differs from the conventional steam plant to the point where it can take its place in proved, and in general our way of living wlli mainly in the kind of fuel it uses. The fol­ the competitive market. This is due to the be completely revolutionized. lowing points should be constantly kept in fact that there are costly and exacting re­ Regardless of what the future holds in this mind: First, a nuclear reactor is a furnace quirements in the construction of a reactor great atomic age, the businessman and in­ from which beat must be removed at a rapid, far in excess of what is required in ordinary dustrialist will surely miss the boat if they controlled rate. Second, the production of steam boilers. fail to keep abreast of rapid developments in highly energetic waves and particles in a. The main problem in designing and con­ the field of atomic energy. reactor by the splitting of atoms has peculiar · structing reactors is the failure of standard As one of the original members of the effects on the properties of materials. Third, equipment in an operating reactor system. Joint Congressional Committee on Atomic the neutrons, the small bullets produced For example, failures in piping, valves, heat Energy, and in the best interest of the Ameri­ when atoms split, through fission, must be exchangers, plates, and :flanges have caused can people, it was necessary in the beginning used as efficiently as possible, to cause other more lost time and money than have the to do the research and development on ll atoms to split. These neutrons are likely to unconventional portions of reactors. socialistic basis by giving the Government a be absorbed by unsplit atoms; therefore, it Another problem is a real need for alloys complete monopoly in the field of atomic is necessary to use in reactors materials that of a higher yield strength than we now have energy. Such a monopoly is no longer neces­ resist the neutrons. developed. In addition, much research and sary, and as an ardent disciple of the Ameri­ The building of a reactor poses three ques­ development is necessary to develop mate­ can system of free enterprise, I played a part tions: rials suitable for the exacting requirements in amending the law to give industry the 1. Why are the requirements so unusual of atomic reactors. We also need to learn right to participate in our Government's ef­ or so difficult to meet? how to use the low alloys in reactors and fort to harness the atom for the benefit of all 2. Why is so much study and development how to utilize them in every spot possible. mankind. necessary before each nuclear reactor is so that plant costs can be reduced. To ob­ The theme of this Mason-Dixon confer­ bunt? tain these suitable materials, intense investi­ ence, "Industry Tomorrow," as it relates to 3. How do the problems differ from those gations are necessary of existing alloys to­ this atomic age, wil tax your ability, inge­ of a conventional boiler plant? gether with experimental development of nuity, energy, and imagination if you-as The answer to these questions is that we combinations new to industry. Meanwhile, businessmen and leaders of industry-seize have jumped headfirst into an operation for it remains for industry to give us the know­ the opportunity to play an important role in producing heat by means of a novel reac­ how which will permit us to use efficiently the peacetime development of the' atom. tion-the release of energy by splitting these steels, alloys, and structures in the In accepting this challenge, you and your atoms. Then, too, we must be mindful of atomic machines of tomorrow. firm will not only derive mutual benefits, but the fact that conventional steam power has In concluding this discussion on peace­ you will likewise aid in strengthening our had 150 years of development behind it. time uses of atomic energy, let me repeat Nation's effort to enjoy the blessings of this On the other hand, nuclear reactors are ap- again that even though we have spent $1f> atomic era.