Proliferation Security Initiative '14

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

Proliferation Security Initiative '14 U.S. Naval War College U.S. Naval War College Digital Commons Game Reports Reports & Studies 2014 Proliferation Security Initiative '14 Wargaming Department Stacey Auger Walter Berbrick Steve Burke Matthew Crook See next page for additional authors Follow this and additional works at: https://digital-commons.usnwc.edu/game-reports Recommended Citation Department, Wargaming; Auger, Stacey; Berbrick, Walter; Burke, Steve; Crook, Matthew; McKenna, Gary; Udhe, Jeff; and Winner, Andrew, "Proliferation Security Initiative '14" (2014). Game Reports. 1. https://digital-commons.usnwc.edu/game-reports/1 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Reports & Studies at U.S. Naval War College Digital Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in Game Reports by an authorized administrator of U.S. Naval War College Digital Commons. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Authors Wargaming Department, Stacey Auger, Walter Berbrick, Steve Burke, Matthew Crook, Gary McKenna, Jeff Udhe, and Andrew Winner This article is available at U.S. Naval War College Digital Commons: https://digital-commons.usnwc.edu/game- reports/1 U.S. Naval War College PSI 2014 Game Report TONE 2013 Facilitator Guide 23-27 September 1 About the Game Team Stacey Auger is a Lieutenant Commander in the U.S. Navy in the War Gaming Department at the U.S. Naval War College and Game Director for PSI 2014. Walter Berbrick is an Associate Professsor in the War Gaming Department at the U.S. Naval War College and Game Analyst for PSI 2014. Steve Burke is a Senior Military Analyst in the War Gaming Department at the U.S. Naval War College and Game Designer for PSI 2014. Matthew Crook is a Lieutenant Commander in the U.S. Navy in the War Gaming Department at the U.S. Naval War College and Game Analyst for PSI 2014. Gary McKenna is a Senior Intelligence Analyst in the Office of Naval Intelligence-Newport at the U.S. Naval War College and the Intelligence Lead for PSI 2014. Jeff Udhe is a Commander in the U.S. Navy in the War Gaming Department at the U.S. Naval War College and Game Developer for PSI 2014. Andrew Winner is the Chair of the Strategic Research Department and PSI 2014 Lead at the the U.S. Naval War College. Acknowledgements Postulated scenarios were formulated to generate useful analysis and discussion. The views expressed in this work and the game’s scenarios should not be inferred to represent expected or desired future conditions and do not represent the policy or position of the Naval War College, Department of the Navy, Department of the Defense, or any agency in the U.S. government. This work was cleared for public release; distribution is unlimited. U.S. NAVAL WAR COLLEGE Est. 1884 NEWPORT, RHODE ISLAND 686 Cushing Road Newport, Rhode Island 02841 www.usnwc.edu/wargaming2 Also search for us on Facebook and Twitter 20 June 2014 At the request of the Office of the Secretary of Defense, members of the Naval War College (NWC) Center for Naval Warfare Studies (CNWS), particularly from the War Gaming Department, Strategic Research Department, and Office of Naval Intelligence Detachment-Newport hosted the 2014 Proliferation Security Initiative (PSI) Operational Experts Group (OEG) Meeting and Game at the Naval War College in Newport, Rhode Island, 13-15 May 2014. This report was prepared by the War Gaming Department faculty and documents the findings of these efforts. The War Gaming Department conducts high quality research, analysis, gaming, and education to support the Naval War College mission of preparing future maritime leaders and helping to shape key decisions on the future of the Navy. It strives to provide interested parties with intellectually honest analysis of complex problems using a wide range of research tools and analytical methodologies. The War Gaming Department is located within the Center for Naval Warfare Studies at the U.S. Naval War College in Newport, Rhode Island. It was first established in 1887 by Lieutenant William McCarty-Little. Please direct any inquiries or comments to the game director, Lieutenant Commander Stacey Auger, at 401-841-6572 or [email protected]. David A. Della Volpe Chairman War Gaming Department U.S. Naval War College i INTENTIONALLY BLANK ii Table of Contents Executive Summary..................................................................................................................................................... E-1 I. Introduction .............................................................................................................................................................. 1 Statement of Sponsor’s Interest in this Topic ........................................................................................................... 1 Problem Statement ......................................................................................................................................................... 1 Purpose ............................................................................................................................................................................ 1 Objectives ........................................................................................................................................................................ 1 Research Questions ........................................................................................................................................................ 2 Identification of Independent and Dependent Variables ........................................................................................ 2 Definition of Key Terms ............................................................................................................................................... 2 II. Game Design ............................................................................................................................................................ 3 Overview of game design and mechanics .................................................................................................................. 3 Game Scenarios .............................................................................................................................................................. 5 Overarching Methodology and Analytic Framing .................................................................................................. 12 Participant Demographics........................................................................................................................................... 13 III. Analysis and Findings ..................................................................................................................................... 16 Overview ........................................................................................................................................................................ 16 Review of Key Cell Deliverables................................................................................................................................ 16 Country Team Results ............................................................................................................................................. 17 Functional Group Observations ........................................................................................................................... 30 Informing the Game Objectives ................................................................................................................................ 36 Beijing Convention .................................................................................................................................................. 36 Transit and Transshipment .................................................................................................................................... 38 Disposition and Liability ......................................................................................................................................... 39 Critical Capabilities and Practices.......................................................................................................................... 40 IV. Implications and Recommendations ......................................................................................................... 44 Limitations of Data Analysis ...................................................................................................................................... 49 Annex A: Game Templates ............................................................................................................................................. 51 Annex B: Individual Player Questionnaire ................................................................................................................... 54 Annex C: Facilitator Questions ...................................................................................................................................... 58 Annex D. Participant List ................................................................................................................................................ 65 Annex E: Fictional Country Background Information ............................................................................................... 69 Annex F: Treaty and Regime Matrix.............................................................................................................................. 78 Annex
Recommended publications
  • The Assembly Resolution
    PROVISIONAL EDITION NOVEMBER 2010 RESOLUTIONS ADOPTED BY THE ASSEMBLY ASSEMBLY – 37th SESSION Montréal, 28 September—8 October 2010 INTERNATIONAL CIVIL AVIATION ORGANIZATION Suzanne RESOLUTIONS ADOPTED AT THE 37TH SESSION OF THE ASSEMBLY PROVISIONAL EDITION TABLE OF CONTENTS Resolution Page A37-1 Principles for a code of conduct on the sharing and use of safety information ............... 1 A37-2 Non-disclosure of certain accident and incident records ................................................. 2 A37-3 Protecting information from safety data collection and processing systems in order to improve aviation safety .................................................................................. 3 A37-4 ICAO global planning for safety ...................................................................................... 4 A37-5 The Universal Safety Oversight Audit Programme (USOAP) continuous monitoring approach ........................................................................................................ 7 A37-6 Runway safety .................................................................................................................. 9 A37-7 Comprehensive Regional Implementation Plan for Aviation Safety in Africa ............. 10 A37-8 Regional cooperation and assistance to resolve safety-related deficiencies .................. 12 A37-9 Halon replacement ......................................................................................................... 14 A37-10 Proficiency in the English language used for radiotelephony
    [Show full text]
  • Air Transport Industry Analysis Report
    Annual Analyses of the EU Air Transport Market 2016 Final Report March 2017 European Commission Annual Analyses related to the EU Air Transport Market 2016 328131 ITD ITA 1 F Annual Analyses of the EU Air Transport Market 2013 Final Report March 2015 Annual Analyses of the EU Air Transport Market 2013 MarchFinal Report 201 7 European Commission European Commission Disclaimer and copyright: This report has been carried out for the Directorate General for Mobility and Transport in the European Commission and expresses the opinion of the organisation undertaking the contract MOVE/E1/5-2010/SI2.579402. These views have not been adopted or in any way approved by the European Commission and should not be relied upon as a statement of the European Commission's or the Mobility and Transport DG's views. The European Commission does not guarantee the accuracy of the information given in the report, nor does it accept responsibility for any use made thereof. Copyright in this report is held by the European Communities. Persons wishing to use the contents of this report (in whole or in part) for purposes other than their personal use are invited to submit a written request to the following address: European Commission - DG MOVE - Library (DM28, 0/36) - B-1049 Brussels e-mail (http://ec.europa.eu/transport/contact/index_en.htm) Mott MacDonald, Mott MacDonald House, 8-10 Sydenham Road, Croydon CR0 2EE, United Kingdom T +44 (0)20 8774 2000 F +44 (0)20 8681 5706 W www.mottmac.com Issue and revision record StandardSta Revision Date Originator Checker Approver Description ndard A 28.03.17 Various K.
    [Show full text]
  • The Urgency of Ratification of the 2010 Beijing Convention Concerning Enforcement of Unlawful Acts Against International Civil Aviation
    E-ISSN 2281-4612 Academic Journal of Interdisciplinary Studies Vol 9 No 2 March 2020 ISSN 2281-3993 www.richtmann.org . Research Article © 2020 Prabandari et.al.. This is an open access article licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/) The Urgency of Ratification of the 2010 Beijing Convention Concerning Enforcement of Unlawful Acts against International Civil Aviation Adya Paramita Prabandari Peni Susetyorini Darminto Hartono International Law Department, Faculty of Law, Diponegoro University, Indonesia Doi: 10.36941/ajis-2020-0020 Abstract Aviation is a mass transportation mode that is transnational (across national borders) that has a high level of security and safety. However, the phenomenon of unlawful acts in international civil aviation is a factor that greatly disrupts the security and safety of aviation. As a member of ICAO, Indonesia is responsible for continuing to keep up of developments in international civil aviation arrangements and making them part of national law, which is of course adapted to national interests. However, until now Indonesia has not ratified the 2010 Beijing Convention. The problem that will be discussed in this study is the urgency of the ratification of the 2010 Beijing Convention on the Suppression of Unlawful Acts relating to International Civil Aviation in Indonesia. This research is normative juridical research that uses secondary data as research material. The results show that as an ICAO member state, Indonesia is urged to immediately ratify the 2010 Beijing Convention as a means of providing legal protection, both preventive and repressive. The ratification is also to enforce laws as a manifestation of Indonesia characterization as a state of law.
    [Show full text]
  • ELTE Law Journal 2019/2 Cone T Nts ELTE Law Journal
    -------- -------- ELTE LAW JOURNAL 2019/2 CONE T NTS ELTE LAW JOURNAL S YMPO IUM – THE LEGAL RESEARCH NETWORK (LRN) PAPERS KRISZTINA ROZSNYAI: Editorial and Preface to the Legal Research Network – Autonomy Papers L IVÁN SIKLÓSI: Private Autonomy and Its Restrictions in Roman Law: An Overview Regarding the Law of Contracts and Succession LÍVIA GRANYÁK: Do Human Rights Belong Exclusively to Humans? The Concept of the Organisation from a Human Rights Perspective QUENTIN LOÏEZ: The Inclusion of Strategic Autonomy in the EU Law: Efficiency or Ambiguity? HERMAN VOOGSGEERD: More Autonomy for Member States in So-called ‘Purely Internal Situations’? NISCHA VREELING: Party Autonomy in the Brussels I Recast Regulation and Asymmetric Jurisdiction Clauses ALIZ KÁPOSZNYÁK: Reinterpretation of the Requirements to Preserve the Autonomy of the EU Legal Order in Opinion 1/17 BEIBEI ZhANG: Challenges of Third Party Funding to Arbitral Autonomy: A Discussion of Possible Solutions in the Chinese Context ARTICLES DORIS FOLASADE AkINYOOYE: Africa–EU Trade Relations: Concise Legal Background to the West Africa – EU Economic Partnership Agreement CSENGE MERKEL: The Rise and Fall of Daylight Saving Time: The Uncertainties of Internal Market Harmonisation JOURNA LAW ELTE BORIS PRAšTALO: Expanded Judicial Review in International Commercial Arbitration: Which Jurisdictions Offer the Optimal Approach from the Private Parties’ Perspective? 2020/1 ELTE LJ ELJ_201902.indd 1 2020.06.12. 10:08:52 -------- -------- ELTE Law Journal, published twice a year under the auspices
    [Show full text]
  • Introduction to Aviation Law by Timothy M. Ravich
    Journal of Air Law and Commerce Volume 86 Issue 1 Article 4 2021 Book Review: Introduction to Aviation Law by Timothy M. Ravich Paul S. Dempsey McGill University, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://scholar.smu.edu/jalc Part of the Air and Space Law Commons Recommended Citation Paul S. Dempsey, Book Review: Introduction to Aviation Law by Timothy M. Ravich, 86 J. AIR L. & COM. 167 (2021) https://scholar.smu.edu/jalc/vol86/iss1/4 This Book Review is brought to you for free and open access by the Law Journals at SMU Scholar. It has been accepted for inclusion in Journal of Air Law and Commerce by an authorized administrator of SMU Scholar. For more information, please visit http://digitalrepository.smu.edu. BOOK REVIEW: INTRODUCTION TO AVIATION LAW By Timothy M. Ravich Paul Stephen Dempsey* Legal historian Stuart Banner has declared air law dead, observing the declining number of U.S. educational programs in aviation law and law professors teaching it.1 As he explains, “Air law ceased to be a useful category when the airplane was no longer a novelty.”2 Professor Robert Jarvis disagrees: “Aviation law, after years of languishing on the sidelines, currently is enjoying unprecedented popularity in American law schools. [S]ome of the attention is due to the fact that, for the first time in history, instructors can choose from three competing aviation law casebooks.”3 Now there is a fourth—Introduction to Aviation Law by Professor Timothy M. Ravich of the University of Central Florida4—as well as a plethora of texts and treatises published in the last two decades alone.5 Aviation law is alive and well.
    [Show full text]
  • The OSCE Secretariat Bears No Responsibility for the Content of This Document FSC.EMI/63/21 and Circulates It Without Altering Its Content
    The OSCE Secretariat bears no responsibility for the content of this document FSC.EMI/63/21 and circulates it without altering its content. The distribution by OSCE 13 April 2021 Conference Services of this document is without prejudice to OSCE decisions, as set out in documents agreed by OSCE participating States. ENGLISH only OSCE Code of Conduct on Politico-Military Aspects on Security FINLAND Annual Information Exchange on the Implementation of the Code of Conduct 2021 1 INFORMATION EXHANGE ON THE CODE OF CONDUCT ON POLITICO-MILITARY ASPECTS OF SECURITY FINLAND's information, year 2020 Section I: Inter-State elements 1. Account of measures to prevent and combat terrorism 1.1 To which agreements and arrangements (universal, regional, sub-regional and bilateral) related to preventing and combating terrorism is your State a party? Conventions and protocols ratified or accepted by Finland: Relevant United Nations Conventions Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of Crimes against Internationally Protected Persons, including Diplomatic Agents, done at New York on 14 December 1973 International Convention against the Taking of Hostages, done at New York on 17 December 1979 International Convention for the Suppression of Terrorist Bombings, done at New York on 15 December 1997 International Convention for the Suppression of the Financing of Terrorism, done at New York on 9 December 1999 Convention on Offences and Certain Other Acts Committed on Board Aircraft, signed at Tokyo on 14 September 1963 Government Bill for the acceptance of
    [Show full text]
  • International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO)
    75 International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) Location: Montreal, Canada Contact Information: International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) 999 University Street H3C 5H7 Montreal, Quebec Canada E-mail: [email protected] Focal Point: Mr. Jiefang Huang Legal Officer Tel: +1 514 954 8219 ext 8035 Fax: +1 514 954 8032 E-mail: [email protected] Website: www.icao.int Year of Establishment: 1947 CTITF Working Group Membership: • Strengthening the Protection of Vulnerable Targets • Preventing and Responding to WMD Terrorist Attacks • Supporting and Highlighting Victims of Terrorism • Border Management Related to Counter-Terrorism 76 ICAO The International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) was established to set standards for the safe and orderly development of international civil aviation by developing treaties and international standards, recommending best practices, and offering guidance to states. 93 Today its objectives include aviation safety, security, environmental protec - tion, and sustainable development of air transport. 94 Concern over aviation security and terrorism has become increas - ingly salient in the last decade, in large part as a result of the attacks on September 11, 2001. However, aviation security has been an area of international concern since 1944, when the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) was established with a membership of fifty-two states (currently 191). Shortly after the establishment of the ICAO, its assembly adopted a resolution that brought into force its relationship with the UN, making the ICAO a specialized agency of the United Nations. As such, the ICAO and the UN have benefitted from each other through an increased ability to deliver and facilitate technical assistance to member states. As early as 1959, the ICAO Legal Committee recommended a convention to fill the gap in jurisdiction for offenses that had taken place over the high seas, in response to an increase in the number of aircraft hijackings.
    [Show full text]
  • Aviation Week & Space Technology
    STARTS AFTER PAGE 38 How AAR Is Solving Singapore Doubles Its Workforce Crisis RICH MEDIA Down on Aviation ™ EXCLUSIVE $14.95 FEBRUARY 10-23, 2020 BRACING FOR Sustainability RICH MEDIA EXCLUSIVE Digital Edition Copyright Notice The content contained in this digital edition (“Digital Material”), as well as its selection and arrangement, is owned by Informa. and its affiliated companies, licensors, and suppliers, and is protected by their respective copyright, trademark and other proprietary rights. Upon payment of the subscription price, if applicable, you are hereby authorized to view, download, copy, and print Digital Material solely for your own personal, non-commercial use, provided that by doing any of the foregoing, you acknowledge that (i) you do not and will not acquire any ownership rights of any kind in the Digital Material or any portion thereof, (ii) you must preserve all copyright and other proprietary notices included in any downloaded Digital Material, and (iii) you must comply in all respects with the use restrictions set forth below and in the Informa Privacy Policy and the Informa Terms of Use (the “Use Restrictions”), each of which is hereby incorporated by reference. Any use not in accordance with, and any failure to comply fully with, the Use Restrictions is expressly prohibited by law, and may result in severe civil and criminal penalties. Violators will be prosecuted to the maximum possible extent. You may not modify, publish, license, transmit (including by way of email, facsimile or other electronic means), transfer, sell, reproduce (including by copying or posting on any network computer), create derivative works from, display, store, or in any way exploit, broadcast, disseminate or distribute, in any format or media of any kind, any of the Digital Material, in whole or in part, without the express prior written consent of Informa.
    [Show full text]
  • Beijing Achievements the 2010 Beijing Diplomatic Conference Adopts Important New International Counter-Terrorism Instruments
    ICINTERNATIONAL CAOIVIL AVIATION ORGANIZATION Beijing Achievements The 2010 Beijing Diplomatic Conference Adopts Important New International Counter-terrorism Instruments Also in this issue: NGAP Symposium Review: Pilots and Flight Crews • New Guidance Updates NextGen and SESAR Environmental Strategies New Milestone for Montreal Convention of 1999 Vol. 66, No. 1 Includes Special ICAO Middle East (MID) Regional Report Contents Cover STORY Criminalizing the 9/11 offences and related terrorist activities and actions within a more comprehensive international aviation legal framework Message from the Secretary General Framing the remarkable legal achievements of the recent Beijing Diplomatic ThE ICAO JOURNAL VOLUmE 66, NUmBER 1, 2011 Conference within the context of the unanimously adopted 2010 Declaration on Aviation Security, Raymond Benjamin outlines the Organization’s ongoing Editorial strengthening of its security-related programmes, capacity-building efforts ICAO Regional Coordination and Communications Office and inter-agency cooperation initiatives. ................................. 3 Tel: +01 (514) 954-8220 Web site: www.icao.int The 2010 Beijing Convention and Protocol: Anthony Philbin Communications Senior Editor: Anthony Philbin Ushering in a New Legal Era for Aviation Tel: +01 (514) 886-7746 The Beijing Convention and Beijing Protocol of 2010, adopted and opened for E-mail: [email protected] signature just two weeks before the 2010 Assembly session, significantly broaden Web site: www.philbin.ca and strengthen the global civil aviation counter-terrorism framework. These new legal Production and Design instruments are expected to achieve very wide acceptance based on the significant Bang Marketing momentum now surrounding them. .................................... 6 Stéphanie Kennan Tel: +01 (514) 849-2264 E-mail: [email protected] New Legal Aspects of the Beijing Instruments ......................
    [Show full text]
  • G600 Prepping for Service Entry
    PUBLICATIONS Vol.50 | No.8 $9.00 AUGUST 2019 | ainonline.com Modifications G600 prepping for service entry Tamarack winglets back in service page 32 by Curt Epstein Gulfstream’s newest addition to its lineup, certificate awards represent its third model the Gulfstream G500.” He added that the Pilot Report the large-cabin, long-range G600, earned to receive both approvals simultaneously, G600 program tallied nearly 100,000 hours both its type and production certificates joining the G550 in 2003 and the G500. of laboratory testing and more than 3,200 We fly the Airbus A220 from the FAA on June 28, paving the way for “Getting both authorizations on the hours of flight testing. deliveries to begin later this year. If the pro- same day is evidence of the maturity The G600 has a cabin that is configurable narrowbody page 34 cess follows Gulfstream’s experience with of our G600 production processes and for three living areas, with a range of 6,500 the smaller sibling to the G600, the G500, speaks to the safety and reliability of the nm at its long-range cruise of Mach 0.85, those deliveries would likely start next aircraft’s design,” said Mark Burns, the and at its high-speed cruise of Mach 0.90 Training month. The G500 received U.S. approval in Georgia-based airframer’s president. can travel 5,500 nm. “We can’t wait to put AIN editor tries Go/No-go July 2018 and Gulfstream delivered the first “Even more remarkable is the fact that we the newest member of our aircraft family, of the model on September 27.
    [Show full text]
  • Nuclear Law Bulletin No. 94 Volume 2014/2
    Legal Affairs 2014 N uclear Law Bulletin Nuclear Law Bulletin No. 94 – Volume 2014/2 Bulletin No. 94 – Volume Nuclear Law No. 94 Volume 2014/2 NEA Legal Affairs Nuclear Law Bulletin No. 94 © OECD 2014 NEA No. 7183 NUCLEAR ENERGY AGENCY ORGANISATION FOR ECONOMIC CO-OPERATION AND DEVELOPMENT ORGANISATION FOR ECONOMIC CO-OPERATION AND DEVELOPMENT The OECD is a unique forum where the governments of 34 democracies work together to address the economic, social and environmental challenges of globalisation. The OECD is also at the forefront of efforts to understand and to help governments respond to new developments and concerns, such as corporate governance, the information economy and the challenges of an ageing population. The Organisation provides a setting where governments can compare policy experiences, seek answers to common problems, identify good practice and work to co-ordinate domestic and international policies. The OECD member countries are: Australia, Austria, Belgium, Canada, Chile, the Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Israel, Italy, Japan, Luxembourg, Mexico, the Netherlands, New Zealand, Norway, Poland, Portugal, the Republic of Korea, the Slovak Republic, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey, the United Kingdom and the United States. The European Commission takes part in the work of the OECD. OECD Publishing disseminates widely the results of the Organisation’s statistics gathering and research on economic, social and environmental issues, as well as the conventions, guidelines and standards agreed by its members. This work is published on the responsibility of the OECD Secretary-General. The opinions expressed and arguments employed herein do not necessarily reflect the official views of the Organisation or of the governments of its member countries.
    [Show full text]
  • Compilation of Cyber Security Regulations, Standards, and Guidance Applicable to Civil Aviation
    Compilation of Cyber Security Regulations, Standards, and Guidance Applicable to Civil Aviation Edition 1.0, August 2020 Purpose The purpose of this document is to provide an overview of regulations, standards, and guidance related to aviation cyber security. Please note that this Compilation of Cyber Security Regulations, Standards, and Guidance Applicable to Civil Aviation is a non-exhaustive list. This document will be continuously updated, considering the crucial developments and changes related to the regulations, standards, and guidance for aviation cyber security. The list is divided into four following parts: • International Instruments and Documents; • European Regulations and Documents; • National Documents and Guidance; • Aviation Industry Cyber Specific Documents; and • Other Relevant Cyber Industry Framework Each part contains the name of the organization/owner of the document, brief description, status, tags, and the link to the website where the document is published or available for purchase from the publication owner. For more information, comments, and suggestions related to this document, or if you represent any of the organizations mentioned in this document and would like to engage with us on aviation cyber security, please contact us at [email protected]. DISCLAIMER The information contained in this document is subject to constant review in the light of changing government requirements and regulations. No subscriber or other reader should act on the basis of any such information without referring to applicable laws and regulations and/or without taking appropriate professional advice. Although every effort has been made to ensure accuracy, the International Air Transport Association shall not be held responsible for any loss or damage caused by errors, omissions, misprints, or misinterpretation of the contents hereof.
    [Show full text]