1 March 1978 45- I a One-Man Air Squadron a by 503 KEN ORNICK a Nameis More Than a Monikerwhen It Conveys an Interesting Story

MAGAZINE OF THE U.S. NAVY - 55th YEAR OF PUBLICATION MARCH 1978 NUMBER 734

Features 4 NEW ROLE FOR AN OLD PLANE Remanufacturing the A-7 in Texas 10 TECHNIQUES FOR SUCCESSFUL RECRUITING Introducing thetop recruiters

16 A DEATH DEFYINGTALE Effects of smoking on health Psnn 4 OCEANOGRAPHIC RESEARCH TOWER Stability is the key to experiments 22 USS PINTADO - WE WORK HARDER AT BEING BETTER Life aboard a nuclear submarine 28 WEST AFRICA HO! Three-port visit by USS Julius A. Furer (FFG 6) 34 SECOND-CHANCE MIRACLE Selecting donors for kidney transplants 40 1979 DEFENSE BUDGET FY 79 figures are called 'adequate'

I 42 DIVINE WIND - DESPERATE REENACTMENT OF ANANCIENT LEGEND Japan's Special Attack Corps in WW I I 46 A ONE-MAN AIR SQUADRON Page 34 Story behind Guam's Brewer Field I DZepartmentsCurrents 47 Rights and Benefits 30 Bearings 48 Mail Buoy Covers Front:Aircraft on theflight deck of USS Independence (CV 62) inthe Mediterranean. 3 Photo by PHC Bill Pointer. Inside Front: Navy dependents have always been an important part of the Navy family. Photo by J. 0. Cooper. Back: Audie Bransford highlights the career of CAPT Johnston Blakely of USS Wasp in the War of 1812.

Chief of Naval Operations: Admiral James L. Holloway Ill Staff: LT Bill Ray Chief ofInformation: Rear Admiral David M. Cooney JOCDan Guzman Dir.Print Media Div. (NIRA): LieutenantJohn Alexander JOI Jerry Atchison Editor: John F. Coleman JOI (SS)SundbergPete News Editor: Joanne E. Dumene PHIMitchell Terry Production Editor: Lieutenant Jeff Zakem J02 Davida Matthews ~ . .

Layout Editor: E. L. Fast J02 DanWheeler " ! '- Art Editor: Michael Tuffli J03 Francis Bir Page 42 Research Editor: Catherine D. Fellows Edward Jenkins Elaine McNeil currents 1 ulchase of Bell Bottoms Authorized for May 0 Chief of Naval Operations Admiral James L. Holloway I11 has announced that any Navy men E-1 through E-4 attached to fleet units who were not selected to participate in the first phase evaluation of new fabrics for the traditional jumper-style uniform will be authorized to purchase and wear the new uniform in May when the fleet evaluation program for the uniformbegins. The approximately 20,000 fleet sailors selected to wear test the new blues will be issued their uniforms without charge. Shore-based personnel and reservists will be able to purchase and wear the uniform beginning in August as more uniforms become available. The new uniform, available in the dress blue version only, initially can be purchased through the Norfolk and San Diego Navy Ex- changes or through the Navy Exchange mail order system. Eventually the jumper uniform will be available in all Navy Exchanges. The uniform will be manufactured in the 15-ounce blue serge material currently used in the winter weight service dress blue uniforms. The white hat will be of polyester blend. Rating badges and service stripes will continue to be the current all-embroi- dered style. Wearing of jumper style uniforms madeof melton or any other material will not be authorized. Personnel should ensure that garments purchased are certified for wear according to Navy specification. Uniform manu- facturers upon their requestwill be certified by the Navy to produce the authorized uniform. The uniform is optional and may be prescribed for all occa- sions where service dress blue is worn, including liberty purposes. Manner of wear shall be as directed in U. S. Navy Uniform Regulations. Service dress white jumper will be authorized at a later date afternew materials have been adequately tested in the fleet.

U.S. Navy Memorial Foundation Holds Founders’ Meeting 0 The United States Navy Memorial Foundation held its Founders’ meeting on Jan. 26, 1978, in Washington, D.C. The Founda- tion is a non-profit organization dedicated to erecting a monument in the Wash- ington area to all Navy personnel, living and deceased, and to establishing a scholarship fund for the children of current and former Navy personnel. The Memorial Foundation will work closely with the National Endowment for the Arts to select a distinguished art committee, a prominent sculptor, an historic monument design and a suitable location forthe memorial. Former Secretary of the Navy J. William Middendorf I11 will serve as Chairman of the Founda- tion. Other Board members include former Navy Secretary John Warner, former Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff Admiral Thomas Moorer, and former CNO Admiral Arleigh Burke.

2 ALL HANDS Fifteen Women Enter Flight Training in FY 79 0 The Navy will enroll 15 women in its flight training program during FY 79. Selection of women candidates will be made by a single selection board in July 1978. Women officers who desire to be considered for flight training and meet the requirements contained in BuPersMan 661 0360 should submit their applications to theChief of Naval Personnel (Pers 433E) before June 30, 1978.

Nautilus Memorial Study Authorized 0 A study to consider preserving USS Nautilus (SSN 571), the world’s first nuclear powered warship, as a monument and placing it on public display at the U.S. Naval Academy, Annapolis, Md., has been authorized by Secretary of the Navy W. Graham Claytor Jr. Theinactivation of Nautilus was disclosed on January 23 by the Defense Department as part of the FY 79 defense budget. Any plan resulting from the study will be submitted to Congress for approval.

Europe Mail to Go Through Norfolk 0 The Navy and the U.S. Postal Service (USPS) have taken com- bined action to restore a smooth flow of mail to and from Navy units in Europe. Most mail bound for Navy units in Europe now is being processed through Norfolk, Va., instead of the Fleet Post Office in New York where both incoming and outgoing mail are backlogged. A message issued by USPS last month directed its dispatch centers around the countryto route the mail to the Fleet Postal Unit at the Norfolk Naval Station. The directive covers first class and registered mail. Mail from the northeast section of the country,including New York, will continue to be processed through the Fleet Post Office in New York. The temporary reroutingof other mail through Norfolk will continue until the New York branch can return to normal operations. Mail service through New York had been slowed since before Christmas because of several factors, including the heavy holiday load. The situation was aggravated by a severe snowstorm which hit New York on January 20, and deteriorated further, following a crippling storm which temporarily closed down the city. The temporary measure does not alter recipient addresses. Mail should continue to be addressed to FPO New York addresses.

New Phone System for BT, MM-Detailers 0 In a continuing effort to improve communications with detailing communities, a rotary phone system has been installed inthe Bureau of Naval Personnel’s BT/MM detailing shop. Because the BT and MM ratings are large, members have had difficulties, in the past, reaching their detailers. This new system, which doublesthe number oflines, is part of an improvement plan to giveall detailingcommunities similar equipment.The new rotaryphone numbers for BTs and MMs are - Autovon: 224-4550; Commercial: 202-694- 4550. The de.tailer phone numbers for nuclear powerMMs and BTS who are submarine designated remain the same. The numbers are - Autovon: 224- 10 16/ 1227; commercial: 202-694- 10 16/ 1227.

3 New role for an ( lane old I STORY BY ART SCHOENI Putting the instructor.in the back PHOTOS BY PAUL BOWER seat of the same airplane cuts the fuel cost in half and requires fewer .total A weatherbeaten A-7C Corsair I1 aircraft for the training mission. TA- sporting the yellow diamonds of VA- 7Cs replace A-7Es in the training 174 lands at Naval Air Station, Dallas. squadrons on about a 2 for 3 ratio. Taxiing onto the parking ramp at The quality of training also is Vought Corp., the pilot, Lieutenant improved. Having an instructor in the Commander Bill Goesling, climbs out back seat allows him to observe the and hands the plane's logbooks to a activities of the transition pilot and flight line inspector. offer constructive comments on a real- The airplane was returning to time basis. Dallas, where it was built nearly. 10 LDCR Goesling was wearing two years before; This Corsair is one of 60 hats when he.flew the A-7C from A-7s now being remanufactured into Cecil Field in Florida to Dallas. As two-seat TA-7C trainers under a Navy assistant naval plant representative program. (A total of 36 A-7Cs and 24 under Commander Jim Beam, he A-7Bs are being completely plays a part in supervising the disassembled, inspected and rebuiltas personnel assigned to the NAVPRO. trainers). This will give them eight to As a naval aviator, with 4,000 flight 10 more years of life in the fleet. The hours, he occasionally steps in to keep remanufacturing program is well flight schedules moving. underway at Vought (a subsidiary of In this case, he had ferried a new LTV). NAVPRO (Naval Plant A-7E to Cecil and brought back a Representative Office) Dallas is the war-weary A-7C for conversion into a cognizant contract administration two-seat trainer. The Corsair had seen office at Vought and is responsible to both Vietnam combat duty and see that Vought produces for the Mediterranean deployments with two government what wascontracted. different squadrons. The last tour was The conversion programis the first with a VA-86 Sidewinder insignia on time the Navy has literally cut an its tail. Completing its last deployment existing airplane in half with a saw it was transferred to VA-174, hence and remanufactured it into a new the yellow diamonds. aircraft. The Navy has bought nearly 1,000 The Navy has two reasons for of the A-7 Corsair 11s since the first converting the 60 early Corsairs into one flew in 1%5. In Vietnam, the light two-seat trainers: attack bombers operated fromcarriers 0 It saves a lot of dollars; a in the Gulf of Tonkin flying more than completely reworked two-seat Corsair 100,OOO combat missions. Together I1 trainer goes for $2 million per with the Air Force A-7Ds, they aircraft, as against $7 million for a dropped more than 200,000 tons of new one. bombs and rockets. 0 Under the present training The 60 planes being converted come doctrine, transition from a different from fleet squadrons. The aircraft type of airplane to an A-7 requires have accumulated many flight hours that the transition pilot be chased by and present a coloIful variety of an instructor pilot in a separate A-7. squadron insignia as they arrive.

.. I_. March 1978 5 The new TA.-7C configuration..

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It takes a year to disassemble an A- The elevation of the rear seat proficiency of all A-7 pilots. 7 and remake it into a trainer. Day-to- provides the instructor with good The final “quality check’ on the day guidance and inspection at Dallas visibility in all directions. The extra aircraft is accomplished by the flight is done by NAVPRO’s five officers. height resulted from the slight banana- test division. Its director, Lieutenant There are 106 civil service and five like fuselage curvature necessary for Commander Fields Richardson, military personnel who carry out a tailpipe clearance on takeoffs and monitors all test flying including that multitude of duties in the NAVPRO. landings. accomplished by Vought test pilots, all They administer contracts, monitor The TA-7C retains the same of whom are graduates of Navy or Air flight test programs, evaluate ordnance carrying capability as the A- Force test pilot schools. contractor quality and engineering 7E except that it carries less 20mm Vought test pilots fly each airplane systems, monitor cost-control ammunition. It also has the same until all systems are operable. At this management, and monitor the computerized navigation and weapons point, the airplane is presented to the contractor who manages all delivery system, including the head-up Navy. The Navy’s team then flies the government-owned equipment. display (HUD) and projected map airplanes to insure they meet military Similar NAVPRO organizationsare display, as the A-7E. specifications, thereby insuringa located at the aircraft and aircraft The HUD is a relatively new combat capable weapons systemfor engine facilities of Grumman, General feature in Navy aircraft. By means of the fleet. Each airplane is flownat Electric, Lockheed, McDonnell- letters and symbols, the pilot can get altitudes ranging from 200 to 45,000 Douglas, Sikorsky and Rockwell. flight information as he watches the feet and from stallto supersonic Each NAVPRO is a field activity of target through his gunsight.It enables speeds. the Naval Air Systems Command. him to fly the most accurate course to The Navy selected the TF-30-P408 The two-seat Corsair I1 retains the drop or firing point. In the TA-7C, non-afterburning turbofan engine for most of the physical characteristics of an onboard closedcircuit TV system the trainers since the A-7Bs and A- the original A-7. It is 34 inches longer allows the instructor to monitor the 7Cs from which they were converted and four inches higher. The HUD presentation of the student in already were equipped with that lengthening resulted from insertion of the front cockpit. engine. The TF-30is lighter than the the second cockpit. This additional The instructor does not have all of TF-41 used in the A-7E, thereby length consists ofa new lcinch the weapons control switches in his partially offsetting the increased section in the forward part of the cockpit. However, lights indicate weight caused by the addition of a fuselage and a stretch of about 18 when the student has moved a switch second cockpit. inches at the trailing edge of the wing. which would enable a station to In a national emergency, the TA- release bombs or fire rockets/missiles. 7C-whose service life is expected to Instrument hoods can be installed be about 10 years-could very easily over both cockpits for instrument be outfitted with the additional training. Pilots have previously equipment required to make it received instrument trainingin the combat-capable. Deliveriesof the 60 TA-4 Skyhawk. All training in the TA- completed TA-7Cs are expected to 7C should enhance the overall run into the middle of 1980.9,

6 ALL HANDS Tuning the A7 CorSair into a two-seat tramer STORY BY ART SCHOENI PHOTOS BY PAUL BOWER

Let’s look at what happens to an airplane when it arrives at Dallas at the start of its year-long transition from a single-place A-7C aircraft to a two-seat TA-7C trainer. As soon as the engine stops, the ejection seat is secured so it cannot be fired accidentally. Fuel is removed from the tanks and the systems are purged and treated with a preservative. After being towed into a hangar, its engine and ejection seat are removed. A team of Navy and company inspectors immediately inspect and inventory the airplane. All inventoried equipment is then removed and sent to various laboratories for inspection cradle and the landing gear and wing Jacksonville for repair or for their and repair as necessary (IRAN). are removed. refurbishment. Additionally, everything else useable Next step is actually to saw it in NAVPRO decides which items can is cleaned, labeled and stored in bins two right behind the cockpit. A Skil- and must be scrapped or repaired, for installation as the airplane is type saw chews throughthe fuselage through a joint task control board of reassembled. skin, electrical wiring and hydraulic Vought and Navy people. Next, the aircraft goes to the paint tubing. Anything to be salvaged and Scrapping is held to a minimum- hangar where allKnt is removed reused is stripped and stored. Then a most of the avionics systems arrive in from the outside skin. It is blasted ‘ thorough corrosion inspectionis good condition, but some sets need with a special chemical paint remover conducted. Any components showing readjustment, fine tuning or updating. so that corrosion can be more easily wear are rebuilt or new parts The air conditioning heat exchanger is spotted. This “vacuuhoning” substituted. Judgment of NAVPRO one item which receives a very critical technique is new. All waste from this inspectors goes intoevery step of the examination, since the scrap rate is process is collectedrather than being operation. high. Windshield panels frequently are allowed to flow into the sewage Engines are sent to Norfolk. Other scratched and must bescrapped. system, thus reducing pollution. components“ejection seats, landing The entire nose section of the A-7, The airplane then moves into the gear, hydraulic actuators-are sent to once the instruments and other fittings disassembly area where it is put into a the Naval Air Rework Facility at NAS are salvaged, is discarded. An entirely

March 1978 ‘I Below: The aft fuselageof the Corsair is lengthened by 18 inches. Bottom: In final assembly, the wing is refitted to the two-seat fuselage. Lefr: An A-7 is blasted with a chemical paint remover.

Below: NAVPRO and Vought personnel inspect wings during rework.

new forward section incorporatingthe an engine run is performed on the electronics, avionics and hydraulics. two seats is built on the final assembly ground. Ejection seats are installed. A Navy and company cooperation is line. The wing remains out by the complete weapons delivery checkis close and constant to make sure the flight line where a new fairing is conducted. The fuel system is pilots in the fleet get the best possible installed to streamline the fuselage checked, pressure is tested and a airplane to fly. into the second cockpit. The wing’s complete operational check is made. A group from the Naval Air Test wiring is the only wiring in the entire After these things are done, the Center (NATC) at Patuxent River, airplane that is left intact. airplane goes back to the paint hangar Md., is to conduct an extensive test of One of the most noticeable new for a new paint job because the this new model airplane, known as the features of the two-seater is a side- original stripping removed the paint Navy Technical Evaluation(NTE). opening canopy. Normal ejection is down to bare metal. It will return to This test, which all new airplane types through the canopy. Emergency the Navy with a regulation paint job, and models must pass before ground egress is achieved by use of a but without squadron letters or acceptance for fleet use, is to be shaped charge explosive which insignia. NAVPRO inspectors get conducted in Dallas. shatters the plexiglass in an back into the airplane again to verify The second major hurdle is the emergency. company systems operational checks evaluation by the Board of Inspection Another new feature of the Corsair and to okay the seat installations. and Survey (BIS). While the NTE I1 trainer is a parabrake installed in a The TA-7C then is ready to have its requires approximately four weeks housing atop the tailcone under the electrical and hydraulic operations and ensures that the airplane performs rudder. This installation could be used checked preparatory to its first flight as it should, BIS trialsget down to the in emergencies or for short field by two Vought test pilots. “nitty gritty” details of ensuring that landings. Company test pilots then fly the the airplane meets every specification After the new nose section with two remanufactured airplane for up to to the letter; thus BIS trials are cockpits is manufactured, it is mated three hours, giving it a complete conducted at NATC and require about to the reworked fuselage and wing. systems check in both cockpits. It two months. Navy and Vought inspectors watch then is ready for NAVPRO flight test While BIS trials are going on, the the operation closely. The engine, not pilots to run their acceptance flights. two-seat trainers will begin going to necessarily the same one that was in Everything has to be in good working VA-174 at Cecil Field in Florida and the aircraft originally, is installed and order-ngine, seats, landing gear, VA-122 at Lemoore in California for operational training use.& March 1978 9 Techniques for Successful RECRUITING BY JOCS BILL WEDERTZ SuccessfulNavy recruiters invaria- way of doing the job and assessing showing the uniform. He showedup bly possess three important attributes: rewards. everywhere-schools , gas stations, re- theyrelish the challenge; they view tail stores-and placed “take-one” monthly goals as minimum, not maxi- Street Walkin’, School Talkin’ racks of recruiting materials wherever mum,acceptable standards; and they hecould. “I’ve got a pretty good are enthusiastic about the role they Recruiter of the Year DPC Krahn is reputation out there now,” Krahn said. playin the Navy. All are confident articulate and self-assured, confidentin “That’s all it takes.” professionals, willing to accept nothing his ability to recruit top-quality young Oftendevoting 18 hours a day to less than their best. people and confident, too, in the prod- recruiting duties, Krahnis totally in- Eight of theseoutstanding Navy uct he sells-a Navy career. He is the volvedin community affairs. He recruiters-selectees for Recruiter of recruiter-in-charge of the three-man formed an Educator ActionCouncil theYear (FY 77)-and theirfamilies Ocala, Ha., station. During FY 77, his composed of local vocationaland guid- wereguests of honorin award cere- recruiting efforts reaped 109 Navy re- ance counselors. He frequently invites moniesheld in Washington, D.C., in cruits-210 percent of his assigned top high school seniors and their teach- late January. Top honors went to Data goal. ers to tour the numerous naval facili- Processing Technician 1st Class Charles “I was a recruiter in Orlando, Fla., ties in Florida. W. Krahn Jr., Navy Recruiting Com- for two months before comingto Ocala Acting as a resource material in- mand’s AreaThree, who wasad- in August 1975,” Krahn said. “By structor in local schools, he has estab- vanced to chief petty officer. September, I was on my own.” lished rapport with most teachers and Sevenrunners-up were: Aviation Unemploymentwas high in Ocala students. He took the CNO Sea Power Machinist’sMate (Jet Engine Me- and it should have been rich in poten- presentations and adapted them for use chanic)1st Class David T. Warmkes- tial recruits, but people weren’t enlist- in sociology,environmental sciences, sel, Area One; Fire Control Technician ing. What was needed, Krahn decided, civics,Americanism vs. Communism, (Surface Missile Fire Control) 1st Class was an all-outcampaign to educate andhistory classes he teaches on an William J. Hallmark, Area Four; Elec- localresidents about the sea service tronicsTechnician (Communications) and make them aware of the outstand- 2nd Class Joseph V. Bruno, Area Five; ing opportunitiesinherent in a Navy Rebekah Krahn places a chief petty officer’s hat on her husband, Chief Data Processing Engineman1st Class Shawn T. Kol- career. At least part of his efforts were Technician Charles Krahn, Navy Recruiting’s stad, Area Seven; Fire Control Tech- influencedby his commandingofficer Outstanding Recruiter of the Year. Chief nician(Surface Missile Fire Control) Krahn was meritoriously advanced by Admiral Commander Charles S. Cornett Jr., James L. Holloway 111, Chief of Naval Opera- 1stClass Daniel J. Petz, AreaEight; NRDJacksonville, who believes in tions (right),during ceremonies in Washington. Aviation StructuralMechanic (Hy- “school talkin’ and street walkin’.” Photo by PHI A. Watkins. draulic Mechanic) 1st Class Robert F. “Once I started telling people about Baxter, Air Reserve; and Master Chief scholarships, the Naval Academy, and YeomanFrederick C. DerBaum Jr., other educational opportunities, the Surface Reserve. ball started rolling,” Krahn said. Each Recruiter of the Year (ROY) is More important than talking pro- an individual; each has his own unique grams, Krahnsoon discovered, was

10 ALL HANDS average of once a weekin various ing for 109 new sailors from the Phila- applicants who are unsure of what to schoolsthroughout his district. These delphia area. do to check out all of the services “extra” activities, no doubt, helpac- In addition to simplehard work, before deciding, of course,to “go count for hisbeing able to beat all Warmkesselbelieves that using refer- Navy.” other service representatives in the rals from community contacts and re- “It’s important that they make their area. cruits, andintensifying his recruiting own decisions,”Warmkessel said. “I Krahn, at 33, is a 12-year veteran; efforts at high schools, accounted for evengo so farsometimes as to call he’s married and has two young daugh- his success. He was the recruiter-in- anotherservice recruiter and arrange ters. charge of the NRS at Kensington and an appointment for a young person. If AlleghenyAve. during FY 77, an in- they’re not happy, they’ll make every- Getting the Best for the Navy ner-city recruiting stationcovering one working around them unhappytoo. During ADJl Warmkessel’s first two about10 square mileswith a popula- I’d rather have a guy happy in the Air yearson recruiting duty he averaged tion of 157,000. Force than unhappy in the Navy.” five new contracts a month. In FY 77, Warmkessel’sapproach is honest Warmkessel’s strong community in- he raised that average to 9.08, account- and straightforward. He encourages volvement is highlighted by his exten- c

March 1978 RECRUITING sive work (about 20 hours each week) gust 1964, Hallmarkremained on ac- oldest son is undergoing hospital corps- as a troop leader with the Boy Scouts. tive duty until August 1974. After leav- man training in Pensacola, Fla. Additionally,he is a volunteer police ing the Navy he began a construction officer forthe New Jersey Marine company and then an electronics h.Hey, Dude, What’s Happening? Police on weekends and an instructor Although both were successful, he be- ‘‘Goodmorning. Navy traveland in a local lifesaving course. came dissatisfied because hehadn’t A 19-year veteran, Warmkesselis completed his Navy career. married and has two children, 14 and “I just felt like I was on leave and Bruno: “DEP is often the motivating factor that keeps them in school in order to get 5 years of age. ought to be reporting back,” he said of such-and-such program.” his twoyears incivilian life. “So, I You Have to Do It Better decided to come back.” His. return to Unlike the other selectees, who said Navy life was as a TEMAC recruiter/ they did not specifically seek the Re- canvasser. He has remained in that cruiter of the Year honor, FTMl Hall- status since June 1976. mark said that the nomination was one Upon reporting to Washington, Pa., of his personal goals for Ey 77. Of his Hallmark assessed the area’s potential accomplishment, Hallmark, who is re- as an “open marketp1ace’”a market cruiter-in-charge of the Washington, that yielded 119 accessions during FY Pa., station, said, “I’ve always worked 77, 92 ofwhom wereschool-eligible hard to gain a reputation of ‘he-does-it- enlistees. the-best’.” Hallmarkspends his “spare” time For himit’s a matter of personal helping coach a youth basketball team, pride. Hallmark feels that his job as a serving as adjutant of the local Ameri- recruiter issomething that the Navy can Legion Post, as a member of the needs done and“something which is Taylorstown volunteer firedepartment, just as important as when I operated and as a scoutmaster for the Taylors- andmaintained a missilesystem town Cubs. He’s also an active mem- aboard ship.” ber of the VFW post and the FTA. He Beginninghis Navyservice inAu- has five children from 6 to 19; his

adventure. Joe Bruno speaking. Could I help you?” “. . . Hey, dude, what’s happening?” Although this is not the typical telephone greeting in most recruiting stations, itis perfectly in characterfor ETN2 Bruno, recruiter-in-chargeof the two-man,inner-city NRS in Chicago. Bruno’s community consists of about 70 percent black, 25 percent Hispanic and five percent white. During FV 77, he attained 159 percent ofhis goal; that’s 92 new sailors. Like other ROY selectees, Bruno found that getting his message into the public schools was essential. “I found

Warmkessel: “I’d rather have a guy happy and in the Air Force than unhappy and in the Navy . . . we don’t need that.”

12 ALL HANDS if you’re sincere with the school coun- is pursuing a bachelor’s degree in elec- truth right off.” .selor, if you don’t make a pest of trical engineering. To ensure that his accessions know yourself, and if youmake sure you what they are getting into, Kolstad Don’t Just Look At One Before have an appointment, they are recep- encourages each to shop around before Buying tive,” Bruno said. joining. He tells them that joining the “I had to showschool counselors “I neverfigured I’d stay in the service is similar to buying a new car: that the Delay Entry Program (DEP) is Navy,” saidEN1 Kolstad, “but the you don’t just look at one and buy it. veryoften the motivating factor that more I talk about it as a recruiter, the Youfind out whereyou can get the keeps students in school because a more I sell myself.” best deal. high school education is necessary to Buthe’s also sold plenty of other Anotherbeliever in goals,Kolstad take advantage of so many Navy pro- young men and women on the Navy- maintains that they are only the mini- ,grams.” 105 of them in FY 77 alone. A lot of mum figures to reach each month. He Bruno feels gettingout on the street, people ask how he does it. “By telling isimpressed with the caliber ofhis especially in the summer, is just. as the truth, first of all,” he says. fellow recruiters and with many other important as referrals. Both he and his It doesn’t dothe recruiter or the people he’s met since joiningthe Navy partner RM2 (SS)Larry Ambrey spend Navy any good to misrepresent things, in 1971. “I try to absorb all the good as much timeout of theoffice as Kolstad says. As soon as a person gets qualities I see in otherpeople,” he possible. When they walk the streets, to bootcamp and begins comparing said.“I’m not like them, I’m still Chicagopeople nod and speak, even notes, the truth isfound out. “And myself, but I listen to advice.” shout a greeting from across the street. whatkind of sailor wouldwe have Kolstad and hiswife Cheryl enjoy Bruno has firmly established a good acquired by lying?’’Kolstad said. many outdoor activities such as hiking, reputation both for himself and the “He’d probably be walking around camping and water-skiing when he can Navy. He is married and has a 3-year- mad all the time, never doing a good break away from recruiting. old daughter. In his off-duty hours he jobjust becausehe wasn’t told the It’s Just Like You Said FTMl Petz doesn’t consider himself a high-pressure recruiter. In fact, he doesn’t consider himselfthat way at all. “I’m a teacher,” he said. Assigned to the four-man Glendale, Ariz., station, Petz iscredited with putting 99 new men and womenin Navy uniforms during FY 77. “I probably get more satisfaction out of recruiting than anythingelse I’ve done,” he said. “Itjust reallyhelps

Secretary of the Navy W. Graham ClaytorJr. congratulates Diana Karchella as her fiance, Fire Control Technician (Surface Missile Fire Control) 1st Class William Hallmark, one of this year’s outstanding recruiters, looks on. RearAdmiral E. S. Briggs, Commander, Navy Recruiting Command Var right), shares the greeting. Photo by PHI A. Watkins.

March 1978 13 RECRUITING when the kids come back and say, 132 voluntary veterans affiliated and 64 1972, he has recruited more than 5 19 ‘Thanks a lot, I’m really having a great USN referrals with 19 enlisting during veterans-an impressiveaverage of time . . . It’s just like you said’.’’ this past fiscal year. Der Baum’s 132 13.5 each month. InFY 77, he ex- r Petzdoesn’t believe that everyone veterans represent 275 percent of his ceeded his quota by250 percent, re- shouldbe a recruiter. According to assigned goal. cruiting more than 150 veteransfor him, a recruiter’must be something of reserveprograms. Baxter’s recruiting an egotist, flexible, and very receptive A Lot Have Been Alienated wasaccomplished while assigned to to people’s needs and desires. AMHlBaxter feels there is a vast the Naval Air Reserve Unit (NARU), Like other ROYs, Petz is very much difference between reserve and regular NAS North Island, Calif. He has since been transferred to instructor duty at theReserve VETRO school inNew Orleans. As an instructor, Baxteris not an official recruiter, but it’s difficult to hold him down. He’s already recruited one person for the TAR program and is “working” several others. One of Baxter’s most noteworthy recruitingefforts was done at home.

Baxter: “The time for manipulating is over. You are better received ifyou tell the truth.”

involvedin civic and community Petz: “You can’t say what your best organizations. Of particular note has pitch is because it depends on what the guy wants to buy.” been hiswork with the Community ActionPrograms in Wickenburg, Navy recruiting. Obviously there is a Buckeye, and Gila Bend communities. difference in programs, but one other A l@year veteran, Rtz is married and difference surfaces frequently. has two sons, 7 and 5. “A lot of prospects have already been alienated,” Baxter said, “or they feel that a recruiter in the .past did Reserve Recruiter themsome injustice. During the first A recruiter since 1968, Master Chief enlistment processing, the individual is Yeoman Der Baum began recruiting-at younger, more receptive. AndrewsAFB, near Washington, “Whenwe run into them, though, D.C., andsandwiched in sometime they want everything spelled out. They with the shees officein Savannah, want to see it. They want to read it. Ga.He came to NRC Charleston, You’ve got to constantly prove your- S.C., in 1971. FY 77 marks the third self to each individual you encounter.” consecutiveyear that he hasbeen Roving himself has become a way selected asthe Surface Reserve Re- of life for Baxter. Since being assigned cruiter of the Year. He accomplished toreserve air recruiting inAugust

14 ALL HANDS Kolstad: “We want people who want to be in “I even enlisted my wifein the re- Kennedy says, “whichmade our per- the Navy-people who want to stick with the Navy-people who like what they do.” serves,” he said, “andmy sister-in- formancein FY 77 possible: communi- law,too.” Some of the recruiters cations, teamwork, trust and confidence, ribbedhim that he must have been a desire to succeed, goal-oriented efforts, really hardup for quota and chided and the fact that top management in the him aboutputting the kids in next. It command got personally involved.” doesn’t bother him, thougLhe be- CAPT. Kennedyand his chief re- lieves in what he’s doing. cruiter, Master Chief Torpedoman’s Mate Baxter is involved in community Ernest L. Brown,made a concentrated activities including VFW, PTA, and in effort to improve communications among supporting youth programs such as the the field recruiters, andbetween them- Bobby Sox League and the Boy selves and the field. They spend much of Scouts. He and hiswife have three their timepersonally bringing recruiters children ranging from 8 to 17. up to date. Critical recruiting information has to be passed along as soon as possible, Throughtheir community involve- CAPT Kennedy says. ment and personal commitment, DX Numerous reasons which werecited by Krahn and the seven Recruiter of the the captaincould have contributed to Yearrunners-up are helping to make failure instead of success. Civilian unem- the all-volunteer Navy a reality. Their ploymentduring the periodfell from highlyimaginative, individualistic re- 13.8 percent to 8.6 percent, much of the cruitmentprograms are proving that Florida population is retired, and a honest person-to-person programs can great manySpanish-speaking people are reap rewards for the Navy in the form not U.S. citizens. of topquality enlistees. “Youalso have Florida’s incredi- ble weather, a positive factqr for the rop DISTRICT state, but one which can become negative What does it take to finish the year as when talking about leaving ‘to see the the Navy RecruitingCommand‘s top world’,’’ CAPT Kennedy said. performing district? In spite of these barriers, NRD Miami According to CaptainJack M. didsucceed. The district enlisted over Kennedy,commanding officer of Navy 2,500 new sailors in FY 77 andhad Recruiting District (NRD) Miami, Fla., it an additional 400 persons enrolled in the takes teamwork. Navy’s Delayed Entry Program(DEP). Without that super team, as the The quality ofthe recruits was equally captain calls his group of 120 sailors and impressive - 83 percent were high school civilians, it wouldn’thave been possible graduates. for NRD Miami to take FY 77 top honors Otherswho played a majorrole in all three categories: best district in in Miami’s accomplishmentsinclude the officer programs, best district in enlisted executive officer, LCDRHarlan W. programs,and best district in over- Woodward;LCDR James E. Kirkendall allperformance and production. Miami Jr., former officer programs officer; and was at184 percent in officer programs LT Kenneth W. Caldwell. Also responsi- and at nearly 114 percent in enlisted ble forthe program’ssuccess were the programs. district’szone supervisors SeniorChief Teamwork, as referred to by CAPT Aviation Structural MechanicFloyd E. Kennedy,means officer and enlisted Hardenand Senior Chief Engineman recruiters supporting and making referrals Robert W. Eichman, and the district’s top Der Baum: “The secret is long hours and to each other. recruiter Chief Interior Communications plenty of telephone calls.” “Thereare six key factors,” CAPT Electrician (SS) Jose A. Cardenas. 9, March 1978 15 Surgeon General of the Navy, Vice Expert Committee recently reaffirmed time number of cigarettes smoked, and Admiral W. P. Arentzen sent a letter a statement released in 1970 concern- depth of inhalation. Lung cancer is in September to allMedical Depart- ing theeffects of smoking cigarettes alsoinversely related to age: the ment officers stressing the need to andhealth. It states that“smoking- youngerone starts smoking, the curtail self-destructive behavior among related diseases are such important greater the risk of disease. The use of Navy people. causes of disability andpremature filter tips and low-tar content cigarettes “One of the principal forms of self- death in developed countries that the has been shown to reduce slightly the destructive behavioramong the per- control of cigarette smoking could do risk of developing lung cancer; the risk sonnel for whom we care is cigarette more to improvehealth and prolong ishigher than that in nonsmokers, smoking,” wrote the admiral. “. . . the life in these countries than any single however. control of cigarettesmoking alone action in the whole field of preventive BRONCHITISAND EMPHY- could do more to improve health and medicine.”The specific effects of SEMA: Extensive studies in a number A death defving tale ./ prolong lifein developedcountries smoking, as outlined by the WHO of nations confirm that pulmonary than any other single action in the field Committee, are summarized below: function of cigarettesmokers is im- of preventive medicine.” LUNG CANCER:The increase in pairedin everyknown respect when The admiral stressed that health care lungcancer mortality in those coun- compared to nonsmokers. The preva- professionalsmust encourage the de- tries where cigarette smoking has been lence of coughand expectoration in velopment of programs which will de- widespread continues without intermp- both men and women is closely related creasesickness and premature death tion.In some countries, such as the to the number of cigarettessmoked; caused by smoking,obesity, drug UnitedKingdom and theUnited thesesymptoms usually abate once a abuse and alcoholism, among other States, there is a leveling-off of mortal- personstops smoking. Recurrent epi- abuses. Consequently, Admiral Arent- ity rates among men under 60 years of sodes of respiratory infection, associ- Zen stated, the programs will not nec- age,for whomcigarette consumption ated with this excess secretion of mu- essarily be designed to discourage cig- reached a plateau 20 years ago.In cus,are morefrequent in cigarette arette smokers. He said the programs women,whose cigarette consumption smokersthan in nonsmokers.Studies are meant “to encourage them (smok- has been rising rapidly in the past 30 demonstrate that cigarettesmoking is ers) not to affect adversely their own years, lung cancer mortality continues responsible for approximately 70 per- well-beingand that of theirfamilies to rise at an increased rate. Mortality cent of chronic bronchitis and emphy- and shipmates.” rates fromlung cancer are 10 times sema cases. Death rates from respira- The admiral stressed that physicians greater in smokers thanin persons who tory diseases are higherin smokers and other health care professionals havenever smoked. Cessation of than in nonsmokers, accounting for should set the example by not smoking smoking reduces this differential grad- about 25,000 deaths each year. When themselvesor displaying other forms ually so that after 10 years the mortal- youngpatients stop smoking,pulmo- of self-destructivebehavior. Espe- ityrate for these ex-smokers ap- naryfunction may return to normal. cially, professionals should behave in a proachesthat for persons who never Even in persons withmoderately se- manner consistent with the knowledge smoked. This indicates that widespread vereobstructive disease, stopping that smoking is a health hazard. cessation of smokingwould rapidly smoking may result in striking im- The followingstatement issued by reduce lung cancer mortality. provementin labored breathing and the U.S. Department of Health, Edu- Inthe United States smokingwas cough, with some improvement in pul- cation and Welfarefiblic Health Serv- considered to be responsible for 68,000 monary ventilatory function. iceaccompanied the Admiral’s letter of the estimated 84,000 lung cancer CORONARY HEARTDISEASE: and adds credence to his beliefs. It is deaths in 1976. Lungcancer risks in- The most important specific effect that reprinted here for the benefit of all crease directly with the number of smoking cigarettes has on health is the hands. cigarettes smoked every day, total life- development of premature coronary heart disease (CHD). Cigarette smok- Effects of Smoking on Health ers have a significantly higher risk of A World Health Organization (WHO) CHDmorbidity and mortality. Long-

16 ALL HANDS

Oceanographic Research Tower

Everything from Sound Refraction to Purple, Hinged Scallops

STORY AND PHOTOS BY have been conducted at the tower on JOHN YONEMURA water motion, seatemperature, sea chemistry, biology,seafloor topogra- As the morning fog rose from Mis- phyand geology, and the testing of sion Beach, just north of San Diego, experimental materials and equipment. an unusual-looking structure came into The tower’s location was not se- view on the horizon. lected arbitrarily. Directly off Mission “Whatis that thing out there?” Beach in 17 meters of water, it has an asked a young surfer straddling his unobstructedexposure to the open bright green board.“Heck, I don’t ocean. know,” answered his companion. “If we went even a few miles north by boat. And yet, it is far enough from A mile offshore, rising 13 meters out or south, we would have rocky terrain the shore and populated areas to pro- of the water, stands the Navy’s ocean- and a lot of kelp. This would adversely vide a natural, open-sea environment. ographic research tower. Since it was affectour experiments,” explains One of the greatest advantages is the erected in 1959, it has been the site for Good. tower’sstability. It isvery secure in experiments which are enabling the “The tower facility itself has really highwinds, waves and currents and Navy to make better use of the sea. expanded over the years,” he contin- has withstood storm surfup to four “It’ssurprising how manySan ues. “When it was first put into place, meters. This stability comes from the Diego people don’t knowwhat the it had only one room. That one room construction of the legs.They slant tower is,” saysDale Good, head of wasimmediately found to beinade- awayfrom the tower platform at an theNaval Ocean Systems Center’s quate and has nowexpanded to six eight-degree angle and are anchored to (NOSC) Ocean Measurements Branch. rooms on three levels.” the bottom by steel pin- foot in Involved with the tower since 1962, he The tower ispermanent, and, as diameterariven 63 feet into theocean coordinatesdifferent projects con- such, has several advantages over an floor. This allows the use ofhighly ducted at the site. anchored vessel trying to conduct the sensitive measuring instruments, ac- Because of the importance to navi- same studies. For one thing, the tower complishing precision readings. gation (surface and subsurface), trans- is accessible. It’s only 30 minutes from The tower’s permanence is another mission of soundand longevity of NOSC-15 minutes by car to the Mis- advantage. Naturally, long-termmeas- underwater equipment, many studies sion Bay pier and another 15 minutes urements could not be made economi-

18 ALL HANDS cally or efficiently from surface craft. tion, utilities and replacement of worn waves,” explains Good, “but they are Instruments mountedon thetower, parts and cable-e about one-eighth beneath the surface andonly occur however, can operate unattended day as much as that for a ship. where there is a change in density. and night under all weather conditions. Manpower utilization is much more Hereatthe tower we have a Permanence also makes scheduling and efficient. Where-on a ship-most per- density boundary occurring at the ther- planning easier forGood, who says, sonnel are concerned with propulsion moclinewhich is present during the “When the tower was put in, it was and navigation, almost all human effort summermonths. The thermocline is expected to last for 10 years, maybe a on the tower goes toward scientific identified by an abrupt change in tem- littlemore. Well, here it is 18 years projects. The tower is usually manned perature within a small change in later, andit still looks very sound, by four or five persons,but it can structurally,underwater. We’re not accommodate at least twice that many sure how much longer it will last, but if needed. apparently it willbe for some time.” The tower is versatile as well. Stud- The biggest advantage of the tower ies of water motion, acoustics, electro- is that it is muchmore economical magnetics, chemistry, biology and ge- than an oceanographic ship. Its initial ology-related or unrelated-anbe cost was only one-fifteenth that of an conducted .simultaneously. average oceanographic ship; mainte- Most experiments involve internal nance costs-painting, cathodic protec- waves.“These are similar to surface

March 1978 19 - I depth. At that depth a change in density occurs which supports the internal waves. These may range from one or two meters to over six meters in height andthe period of thewaves varies from five to 20 minutes.” Studies of internal waves are viewed asimportant because sound waves transmitted through them are refracted differently,depending on where they hit the internal waves. Submarine com- municationsis oneaspect of thisre- search,but just as important is its antisubmarine warfare aspects coupled with detection and navigation systems. The internal waves can be monitored by temperature sensors because of the thermocline condition. This past summer, four arrays of these sensors were putin strategic locations near the Inspite of this,the tower has an Above: Oceanographer Paul Hanson (right) tower.For this particular experiment excellent safety record over its 18-year with Dale Good, Directorof NOSC’s In- thepresence of internalwaves was strumentation Branch. Opposite page: Navy lifespan.Several persons have fallen divers usethe NOSC boat to place temperature correlatedwith data being gathered into the water and there have been a sensors at strategic points aroundthe tower for from an extremely sensitive supercon- fewminor injuries but all possible an upcoming experiment. ductinggradiometer which was being safety precautions are taken. Afterchecking for a long time,they tested as a toolfor measuring the notifiedme that the Lockheed boat Good cheerfully tells the tale of one change in theearth’s magnetic field hadbroken down but would beout of his early experienceswith the tower. with the passing of internal waves. later. Finally, at 2330 that night, I was It turned out that one of his first duties Anothernotable experiment, this notifiedby radio thatthe boat could was to write an instruction of “do’s’’ onelast winter, involved NASA and notbe repaired. I said,‘Don’t worry and “don’ts,’’ one of which was never 21 otheragencies. “Measurements about me. I’ll lockthe doors, hit the to st.ay on the tower alone. were made of wave height, sea temper- sack,and see the day crew in the ature, air turbulence, and environmen- “Well, wehad some of ourown morning.’ talfactors from the tower,” Good experiments going onduring the day “Well,before morning an unex- states,“then compared to measure- and we werealso participating with pected storm blew in and no one could mentsmade by four aircraft using Lockheedon a nighttime experiment. get a boat out to the tower. It wasn’t remotesensors. The sensors used on I was planning to spend one night with until the evening of the next day that I theaircraft are prototypes of sensors the Lockheed people, so I went out on finally got off the tower. So, I had the to be used in the Sea Satellite Program the last run of the Navy boat for that dubious honor of being one of the ftrst in late ’78 or ‘79. day, which was also used to take the to be stranded on the tower alone. “Normally we prefer to observe and daytimecrew ashore. They were all “I’ll tell you,” he adds, “that tower experiment from theplatform when the anxiousto get home, so, sinceI ex- madesome awfully strange noises. weatheris nice, but in thiscase, we pected the Lockheed boat in a matter Youjust couldn’t believe all the wanted information at peak storm pe- of minutes, I told them to go on in. creaks,groans and banging that had riods,”said Good. “We had some “Iwaited and waited. No boat never been obvious before.” prettyscary days out there trying to showed up, so I called our operations Occasionally,sharks are seen near getpeople on and off thetower in office on the radio and asked them to the tower, but they have never been a those conditions.” phoneLockheed for a status report. problem. If thereare divers in the

20 ALL HANDS water, they just get out until the sharks passed right by us. It wasn’t particu- were justcurious,” he says, “and leave. Once, when Good and oceanog- larly frightening since they didn’t seem never did any realdamage until re- rapher Paul Hanson were working on to care if we were there or not. It is cently when vandals broke some win- the bottom, a huge, dark shape loomed unusual for them to come into water dows and stole some diving gear.” into viewthrough the murky water. that shallow.” At one time,three 4@fOOt booms “At fwst we couldn’t tell what it was Hanson, a long-time Navy oceanog- extended from the tower. Sailboats but as it continued to pass by, we rapher, believes that a few unauthor- would get too close, get tangled in the realized it was a California gray whale, ized personshave boarded the tower boomsand sometimes rip their sails and in a fewmoments a second one when it was unmanned. “Mostly they and pull thebooms down. TomLa Puzza, of the NOSC public affairs office,was raised in theSan Diego area and admits to having been one of thecurious boaters. “When I wasa kid, long before I evenknew what NOSC was, I used to sail around the tower,”he said. “I nevercame aboard, though.” NOSC is currently cooperating with San Diego State University in a mari- culture experiment at the tower. At threedifferent depths, 30 cageshave been attached to the legs. Eight purple, hinged scallops reside in each cage. “They are finding out that the scallops grow faster at the tower than in thebay,” Good explains, “and faster at mid-level than close to the surface or on the bottom, probably because of the thermocline providing more food at thatlevel.” Another research organi- zationhas abalone growing atthe tower. “We really get a variety of projects andpeople out here,”he says. “We do appliedresearch, and that’s what keepsthis work so interesting.There are always new studies comingup. You wonder after finishing one project what’s going to happen next. I suppose we’ll never run out of things to do.”

March 1W8 21 depthsD cruiseseep the beneath nuclear-powered the ocean’s submarine USS Pintudo (SSN 6721, a self-containedenvironment where 123 men live and work. Narrowpassageways and cramped quarters are a fact of life for the crew but they’veadapted to a spaceno larger than two semi-trailers end-to- end by forming a closeknit group-a common trait in the submarine force. “A submariner learns to giveand take with otherpeople,” explained Machinist’sMate 1st Class Gary L. Vital. “It’s a hard lifeliving in close confinement,but we learn to respect each other’s rights.” Vital is one of many who agree that working together in tight quarters, coupled with an understanding of the job at hand, spawns a camaraderie unique to submariners. “Thecloseness is an advantage since a sailor gets to really know his shipmates,” said Commander John J. McDonald, Jr., Pintudo’s skipper. “How well can the commanding officer of a 5,000-man aircraftcarrier know his crew?’’ Thebrotherhood of submarinersis an outgrowth of trust,since each man’s life is in the hands of his shipmates. One mistake could result in the loss of the submarine and its entire CIEW.

22 ALL HANDS ., 1. r uss PINTADO we work harder at being better

STORY BY JO1 JAMES R. GIUSTI, PHOTOS BY PHC KEN GEORGE, AND JO1 GIUSTI

23 Chief Electronics Technician OrvalG. Watson, chief-incharge, topside, forward. Bottom: On Pintado, good food is high priority-mess cook F. Martin Lea with the day’s dessert. “You learn to trust everyone,” said Vital. “A guy could endanger us all by doing something wrong or not knowing what to do. Basically, a submariner has to know what it takes to save his and everyone else’s skin.” All personnel reporting to a submarine must qualify in order to earn the dolphins of the submarine force, but it takes time. A sailor goes through four phases of training-ship orientation, damage control, shipsystems and watchstanding. It can take up to a year for a sailor to qualify, and then he hasto requalify on each boat he serves. After the initial qualification requirements-being successfully checked out onall ship’s systems by a qualified submariner-arecompleted, the man goes before a three-man board usually consisting of two officers and a chief petty officer. Theman is again required to demonstrate his knowledge of how and why the sub works. Those with nucleardesignations mustalso go through a stringent nuclear training program. But nuclear powertraining starts evenbefore a. sailor reports to the submarine. After his initial training, a sailor with a nucleardesignation goes through the advancedNuclear Power School and

ALLHANDS Below: entado's control room.

Bottom: Electronics Technician3rd Class Rodney C. Roberts (foreground) and Machinist's Mate 2nd Class Paul E. Kazlauskas practice throwing heaving lines as Pintado enters Hong Kong harbor.

Above: Radioman 3rd Class Robert M. Rodriguez, topside petty officer, waits for I Pintado to tie up.

March 1978 25 1 Right: Machinist’s Mate 1st Class Gary L. Vital following a six-hour watch. Bottom: USS Pintado (SSN 672) leaves U.S. Naval Station, Subic Bay, R.P. Training Unit where he receives first- hand experience working on a nuclear- powerplant. The schools qe located in New York,Connecticut, Florida and Idaho. Trainingis the cornerstone of the submarine force’s success and is borne out by thespeed and precision in which crewmen respond to an alarm. Unlikesurface ships, wherean an- nouncement ismade when an evolu- tion is to be a drill, submarines operate under the premise that all alarms are the real thing. Stemming from the emphasison training isprofessionalism, but it’s much more. “It’s pride inbeing a submariner,” adds Vital. “We work harder at being better; we have to. Pintado is designed to submergeand we all want to get back to the surface.” A submariner’s time is spent standing six hours on watch and 12 hours off. When off duty, he heads for the crew’s mess which serves four meals a dayand also doubles as the crew’s lounge. Meals are served in32-man shifts withmess cooks servingplatters and bowls of food which seem to vanish as fast as they’re delivered to the tables. But the food neverruns out. With conversations ranging from the number of broken hearts left behind in San Diego to the mail they can’t receive Below: Executive Oficer LCDRFred P. Gustavsqn copducts a training-lecture in the crew’s mess.

Bottom: Machinist’s Mate 2nd ClassPaul E. Kazlauskas maneuvers through one of the sub’s berthing areas.

while underway, one submariner in- jects, “Weget the bestfood in the Navy here.” A passing cooknods agreement. Afterthe main course,the mess cookshurry from table to tablewith desserts which areprepared daily aboard Pintado. Theyrange from cakesand pies to cookies and ice CreWll. After the meal, some men head for their “skids” or bunks, one of the few places a sailor can be assured of some sort of privacy, while others hurry to get in a quick game of checkers, chess or acey-ducey before they“burn a flick” (show a movie). Even with theinconveniences of submarine life, few sailors would leave it. Vital echoes the sentiment of many submariners, “I wouldn’t go to a skim- mer (surfaceship) even if the hours were shorter.” For these sailors, a feelingthey’re dedicated, professionaland being the best are rewards enoughfor an unusual way of life. 9,

March 1978 27 BY LT RICHARD DICK

Crewmembers aboard USS Julius A. Furer (FFG 6) recentlyvisited three ancient African ports in nations as new as the space age. Theoccasion was a good will tour alongWest Africa's coast. Precon- ceived notions the crew may have had about the Dark Contineht were quickly dispelled-Africa, they found, is a con- tinent rich in natural beautywith a tradition of friendlinesstowards visitors. Long before tyingup atthe first port-Freetown in Sierra Leone- Furer beganpreparations for abusy schedule of ceremonial visits and social functions.In addition to thenormal shipboard routine of maintenance and training, all hands turned to, putting in extra effort to ensure a flawless shipboard appearance. The highlight of the visit had to be the arrival of Siaka Stevens, President of SierraLeone. A 21-gunsalute greetedthe president as hecame aboard in the afternoon and Furer later got underway. For the next few hours,

28 ALL HANDS AFRICA

President Stevens saw a display of the capabilities of theguided missile frig- ate. The president seemed thoroughly impressedwith the readiness of the EOUATOR ship and her crew, and when presented a Furer ball cap, he donned it immediately. The feeling of fellowship continued tural Center as guests of the president throughoutthe day as crewmembers of the small nation. enjoyed the white sands and warm From Monrovia, Furer continued on waters ofLumley Beach or partici- toBanjul, Gambia. Again, Furer pated in traditional sports events with played host to diplomatic and govern- theSierra Leone army. As mightbe ment dignitaries including the president expected, the army won a soccer game of Gambia, Sir Dawda Jawara, and his handily, but came up against some stiff wife. A local helicopter trip turned into competition in basketball-Furer’s an impromptu tour with the president teamwon, 69 to 51. Theymay have himself as the guide. As the helo flew become a bit too overconfident be- up river to JamesIsland, President cause at the next port call, Monrovia, Jawara pointed out the village of Juf- Liberia, Furer’s basketballteam suf- fure, madefamous by Alex Haley’s fered defeat at the hands of the Liber- book, Roots. ian armed forces. It wasback to business as usual, At Liberia, the ship was opened to however, as theCharleston, S.C., visitors,and people were quick to based vessel soon departedfor the returninvitations. The crew went on more familiar waters of the Mediterra- fishingexpeditions with the Liberian nean. But the sense of accomplishment navy,toured and lunched at a local in doing a job well and, at the same rubber plantation, and enjoyed a spe- time, thoroughly enjoying itshould cial performance at the National Cul- remain with the crew of the Furer.

March 1978 29 areas; I believed my best opportunity world. Data is electronically processed News Center Director was the Navy.” anddistributed to the nation’s news “Twenty-fiveyears ago, there CAPT Alice Marshall is now direc- media. weren’t manyfields a youngwoman tor of the Fleet HomeTown News CAPTMarshall is also director of could enter as a profession,” Captain Center in Norfolk, Va. Thecenter the High School News Service, a DoD Alice C. Marshall said, explaining why produces 100,OOO press andradio re- activitythat publishes a magazine she chose a career in the Navy. leases a monthon individual Navy, called ‘‘Profile” six times a year. This She had worked in radio and televi- Marine Corps and Coast Guard mem- deals with all fiveservices and is sion but opportunities were limited. bers. It operates on the principle that distributed nationwide to high schools “Up to a certain point, womenwere sea servicepeople make good news and career counselors. employed just like the men, but men copy in their home towns. When the captain was commissioned became station managers or moved up However, Fleet Home Town News in1952, there wasonly one woman in the network,’’ she said. Center does not originate, only repro- captain on active duty in the Navy- “The women never went in that duces, the press releases. Information the director of the WAVES. That ofi- direction. I felt that was true in other is submitted by commands all over the cer held captain’srank only while serving as director. When she left the job, she reverted to the rank of commander. “Today there are at least 10 women line captains andeven an admiral,” CAW Marshall said. Inthe 1950s,women officers were generallylimited to positions in the administrative fields. “For a woman to getinto a fieldlike electronics,” she said,“that womanhad to be very exceptional. Nowonly the seagoing jobs are closed to us.” FleetHome Town News Center is CAPT Marshall’s first command. Yet, she has no qualms about her ability to handle the assignment. “Good man- agementis good management,” she said. “I don’tthink the techniques I use should be different because I’m a woman. I approached this job as I’ve approached every other job-with the intention of doing it to the best of my abilityand with a concernfor the mission, the people and the command as a whole.” CAPT Marshall would like her next command to be a ship, though she knows it won’t be. “At this point, we are far away from a woman being in command at sea because of a lack of practical experience,” she said. I30 “However, commanding a ship is a ALL HANDS management function much like man- tionally,she thinks women should be beadvanced as far as Ithought my agingany other activity, butit also allowed to fly all types of aircraft, “I talents would reasonably take me; now presentsa possible combat situation. think we havesome women who I havea command-that was one of We don’t have women now who have wouldmake marvelous fighter pilots the things I wanted.” thetraining and background to com- , because of their stamina and abilities.” A quartercentury of navalexperi- mand at sea.” . In spite of restrictions, CAPT Mar- encehas entitled CAR Marshall to Thecaptain thinks that women shallhas had a rewarding career. “I . give advice to young women (and men should be allowed to go to sea though. have done everything I set out to do,” too) just starting out: “Do yourjob the She says there are a number of jobs she said. “When I came in, com- best wayyou know how. Learn as that could be done by women on ships manderwas the highest permanent much as you possiblycan.” withoutjeopardizing readiness. Addi- rank a woman could attain. I set out to 502 Glenna Houston

X4 Ing 1 wides Lift be the answer to the problem. muchneeded breakthrough solution. Sponsored jointly by the Defense Forthe technically minded, this is Engineers at the David W. Taylor AdvancedResearch Agency and the how the X-Wing works. Naval Ship Research and Development Navy, the X-Wing has proven capable The circulation control concept em- Center in Carderock, Md., mayhave of extending hovering and high speed ploys relatively thick, hingeless blades solved an aerodynamic riddle that has cruising(Mach 30) in recent tests. with rounded trailing edges. Low pres- beengiving vertical-takeoff-and-land- Past attemptsto develop a VTOL sure air is pumped into each blade and ing-aircraft experts quitea headache. aircraft with both capabilities have is ejected from a thin slot on the upper How does one design a plane that can been unsuccesshl-hovering and high- surface of the trailing edge. Due to an do what appears impossible-hover speed cruising seemed to be mutually aerodynamic phenomenon-the Coanda like a bumblebee one minute and zoom exclusive characteristics. X-Wing’s effect-the air adheres to the rounded like a diving hawk the next? ‘ ‘unique circulation control aerody- edge until it reaches the lower surface, The X-Wing composite aircraft may namics’’ are expected to provide a thus keeping the boundary layer from separating. This creates high lift. The single lift system is used throughout the entire speed range. Op eratingas a four-bladed rotor, the X-shapedwing allows the aircraft to hoveror proceed at low forward speeds. Whenthe wing is slowed or stopped, the aircraft is capable of high forward speeds. In otherwords, the X-Wing can hover when the wing spins like arotor, andcruise at high speedswhen the wingis locked intoone position (though that position can be varied on an axis). Full-scalewind tunnel tests ofthe criticalrotor and hub control system are scheduled for 1978. Flight tests of a demonstrator vehicle could begin as early as 1979. It is possible that the X- Wing composite aircraft will be in the fleet of the 1980s.

March 1978 31 Bearinss Soviets in those scenarios involving Navy] as a generally good outfit,” the Taping Noted Edit - the most vital U.S. national interests.” captain said, “but whatI’m talking This spring, the Naval Photographic CAPTMoore draws uponhis 34 about is a comparisonbetween them Center inWashington is expectedto years ofnaval experienceto explain andthe excellent outfit whichis the release a 20-minute SITE System tele- why the CNO’s views, in his opinion, U.S. Navy. Youhave to remember vision spot featuring Royal Navy Cap- are valid. “Let us describe [the Soviet when comparingyourselves in the tain John E. Moore, editor of June’s U.S. Navy to the Soviets that you FightingShips. CAPTMoore ex- have the advantage. poundsupon his findings concerning “You have the advantage of educa- the balance of sea power between the tion,tradition, knowledge and experi- U.S. and Soviet navies. ence. These things are of the greatest “If they[the Soviet Navy] are to possible value should it ever come to a operate in anykind of hostile situa- confrontation.” tion,” Jane’s editor said, “the dE1cul- Moore stresses that analysts have to ties for [them] will be far greater than avoidcomparing navies based solely for any other navy in theworld.” on tonnage and numbers of fleet units. CAR Moore emphasized that the de- “Theseare idiocies compared to the ciding factor in any naval confrontation study of the men that man them,” would notbe numbers or tonnage of CAFT Moore said. “The greatest sin- theopposing fleets, but the attitudes, gle factor is the man.” trainingand experience of those who Interspersed with the captain’s com- man the ships. ments will be stock footage illustrating Chiefof Naval Operations Admiral as nearly as possible the subjects about James L. Holloway I11 has repeatedly whichhe speaks including Soviet and stated that “Today the U.S. fleet has a Americantraining, vessels and meth- slimmargin of superiority1 over the odology.

32 ALLHANDS

“ 1 the Public s Eye “It’sour wayof celebratingthe Navy’s 202nd birthday . . . it shows to thousands of viewers our support for the Navy, the Naval Reserve, and the military establishment in Jacksonville andthe world.” That’s how sports editor Nick Bashnan explains why he andweather man RayBoylan are wearing uniforms for the evening news on station WTLV-ch. 12. Bashnan is a NavyReserve officer with the Naval ReservePublic Affairs Unit at NAS Jacksonvilleand Boylan is a retired Navy lieutenant (Anchorman JohnHo- gan and anchorwoman Deborah Gian- oulis are in the middle).

March 1978 33

BY 502 DAVIDAMATCHEWS general physical condition, she was. a area,” said Lieutenant Commander prime candidate for a kidney trans- (Dr.) MitchellGoldman, head of Re- Seventeen-year-oldJudy Gregory plant.But she faced another problem, parative Surgery Division at the Naval didn’tfeel well, but she accepted the one that has plagued the transplant Medical Research Institute(NMRI), day’sdiscomfort as part ofher preg- program since its inception: lack of Bethesda, Md. “HOWlong she would nancy. By that eveIfing, Judywas in donors. wait depended upon the donation of a so much pain that her husband, Army “Judy’s name was placed on a list compatiblekidney. Often, close rela- Spec. 4 Terry Gregory, rushed her to with about 30 other people from this tives will donate one of their kidneys- 40 percent of the kidneyswe transplant come from living relatives of the recipients,” he explained. “Those trans-, plants stand a better chance of ‘taking’ because of the similarity of tissue. The success rate is about double that of transplanting fromcadaver donors.” LCDR Goldman Portsmouth Naval Hospital. Judy had suffered a total kidney (renal) failure. She was in critical condition for days, eventually losing the baby while doctors fought to keep her alive.Judy recovered, but her life would never be the same. In the following years, Judy’s doctor tried medication after medication- each with its own peculiar sideef- fects-in an effort to heal her kidneys. Most of thefoods she loved were forbidde-she was placed on a strict no-salt diet ofbland foods. Worst of all, Judy faced dialysis. Three times a week, she checked into the hospital where she was con- nected to an artificial kidney machine. For eight hours, her entire blood supply passedthrough filters which cleared her body of poisonous wastes. “I feltlike I waschained tothat machine,” Judy said. “It took so much timeand interfered with my life and how I wanted to live it. I was willing to try anything to get away from it-to start living a normal life again.” Judy wasn’t alone with her problem. Each year, morethan 10,OOO Ameri- cansdevelop chronic renal failure. Their only hope is to be hookedup periodically to a dialysis machine or to receive a kidney transplant. Judy’s doctor contacted the Navy’s kidney transplant team at the National NavalMedical Center (NNMC), Be- thesda, Md.Because of her age and

Lieutenant Maureen Robards, charge nurse of the hemodialysis unit at the National Naval Medical Center at Bethesda, monitors dialyz- ing patient. Photo by JOI P. Sundberg.

March 1978 35 The source of kidneysfrom living anywhere in the U.S. to harvest an ments to counter still another rejection relatives is limited, however. Few pa- organ,” he continued. “Many hospitals episode. Despite all the problems she tients haveblood relatives who are don’t realize we exist or that we have has had with the transplanted kidney, bothable and willing todonate a the capability to do this. As a result, if it fails, Judy is determined to go kidney. Patients must rely on kidneys thousands of organs are lost to us each through with another transplant. from deceased donors. year.” “I’m only 24 and I can’t stand the “It may benecessary to check As forJudy, she finally gotthe prospect of dialysis therest ofmy hundreds of donor kidneys against the kidneyshe had been waiting for; but life,” Judy said. body chemistry of therecipient to it’snot a happyending yet. Despite Judy’s transplant alsoreleases the avoid rejection orat least ensure a treatment and precautions, her body dialysis machine forsomeone else. minimal reaction that can be controlled rejected the organ.She developed a “Therejust aren’t enough of these by anti-rejection drugs,” Dr. Goldman wound infection andlater, a viral infec- artificial kidneys to care for the people said. tion.“The drugs we must use to whoneed them. The situation is so control rejection leave the .body practi- critical in some areas that many hospi- A computer systemis nowaiding cally defenseless against bacteria that tals are forced to work around-the- facilitiesnationwide in this screening normally would be harmless or easily clock operating their dialysis machines process. The transplant team daily re- combated,’’ Dr. Goldman explained. to keep up with thedemand,’’ Dr. ceives a computerized fde of all waiting “For a transplant patient, a cold can Goldman said. recipients, complete with their physical kill.” Dialysis is a costly, time-consurning and histocompatibility (tissue) data. Judy has been in and out of the business. The annual cost for a person Donor organs that do not match any hospitalsince her operation and is withlittle or nokidney function ap- recipients in the region where they currently undergoing radiation treat- proaches $25,000. Less expensiv+but become available can now be sent to a moreclosely matching recipient else- where. “We are cutting down consid- erably on wasted organs, made useless because we couldn’t find a recipient in time,’’ Dr. Goldman said. So Judywaited. Twice, kidneys were donated that initially matched her requirements. Shewas rushed from Portsmoutk-one time by helicopter- to Bethesda for final typing and matching. Both times, the organs were closer matches for someone else. Then in April 1977, a year and a half after Judy’s name had been placed on the waiting list, the transplant unit was notifiedof another kidney that tenta- tively matched Judy’sneeds. They sprang into action. Again,Judy was brought to Bethesda. At thedonor hospital, both kidneys were removed, prepared for transport, flown to An- drews Air Force Base, Md., then air- lifted by helo to Bethesda. “Speed is critical,” explained Gold- man.“We can keep a kidneyviable only 72 hours by using a Belzer per- fuser-a machine that keeps fluids circulating through the organ by way of a blood vessel. The sooner the organ can be transplanted, the better the chances of success. “In Judy’s case, it wasn’t necessary. But if need be, we’ll fly a surgical team

36 lessefficient-machines may be pur- havebeen transplanted at Bethesda. degree from Brandeis University in chased for use at home, but eventhese Last October, to avoid duplication, the Mass., then continued on to Harvard involve an annual outlay of several Navy transplant team joinedforces Medical School. He completed his in- thousand dollars. with the Army at Walter Reed Hospi- ternship and residency trainingat Peter A transplant procedure costs about tal. Brigham Hospital in Boston, siteof the $10,000 to $15,000, and thetrans- “It takes the same numberof people first kidney transplant performed in the planted kidney has an average lifespan to do transplant surgery whether it be U.S. He joined the Naval Reserve in of five years. “. . . but there are many one or 30 operations a year. By com- 1970 and came on active duty in 1976. exceptions,” Dr.Goldman reported. bining our facilities, we not only get a “There are so manyquestions still “In October 1969, our team performed better transplantation unit, but also get unanswered-how the body rejects or- its first kidney transplant onDavid more time to devote to research,” Dr. gans and how we can prevent it with- Bryan, the 19-year-old son of a retired Goldman said. out lowering the body’s defenses, long Navy man. He is still maintaining nor- Nowmost of the actual transplant and short term preservation,closer mal renal function.” operations are performed at the Walter tissue typing and matching-the list is Since that first operation, 60 kidneys Reed facility. Research continues at endless,” he said. Bethesda. Dr. Goldman, assisted byfive hos- Left: Corpsmeninsert a segment of freeze- Mitchell Goldman is morethan qual- pital corpsmer+HMl Dennis French, dried artery to study the animal’s reaction. Above: Delicate operation requires a closer ified to supervise research in organ HM1 Mike Fomey, HMT Lou Meister, look. transplantation. He received hisBA HM2 Keith Gawith and HM3 Jerry

March 1978 37 Forgey-ismaking progress in trans- plantsurgery usinganimals obtained from a conditioning farm. The majority of theactual experimental surgery is performed by the corpsmenwho at- tenda nine-month transplant techni- . cianschool conducted at Bethesdabe- fore assignment to the research unit. A freeze-dryingmethod developed at NMRI has revolutionized tissue preservation.The process removes water from frozen tissue by vaporizing the moisturein a high vacuum and then condensing the vapor. The tissues may then be stored under vacuum at room temperaturefor 10 yearsor longer.When used for transplanting, thetissues require no matching since the ability to provoke rejection is lost in the freeze-drying process. However,larger organs present problems: Quick-freezing produces in- tracellular ice crystals that damage the cellular structures. For long-term .preservation of organs, a new method must be developed. That is just one of the many areas Dr. Goldman’s unit is investigating. Althoughlong-term preservation or even portable artiticial kidneys will be availablesomeday, it’s little consola- tion to those who need kidney transplants now. Eighty percent of today’s patientswith renal failure will never receive a kidney because there aren’t enough being donated. In early 1976, more than 10,000 peoplewere living on borrowed kidneys, 52 others were alive because of someone else’s heart, and 28 depended ontransplanted livers. Each year, about 6,000 people see again through donated corneas. Four times as many people survive fromday today, waiting for their secondchance through a gift ofa donor organ. If you would like to help save the life of a fellow human being, you can take steps now to ensure that your wishes are carried out; You can take your body with you, but in this case-don’t. Leave behind a part of yourself so that others might live. Photos by JOI Jerry Atchison. &

HM2 Gawith a4usts kidney petfuser. 38 Paving the way The UniformAnatomical Gift Act tissues, relyingin good faith onthe Many potential donors fear that if whichserved as a modelfor similar documents,are protected from law- they sign up to donate an organ after lawspassed by all 50 states and the suits. The physicianattending at the death, it mightbe takenbefore they District of Columbia provides that per- time of death, if acquainted with the are, in fact, dead. sons 18 or over may donate all or part donor’s wishes, may dispose of the Obviously, the victimis a patient of their bodies for research, transplan- body under the UniformAnatomical first and becomes a potential “donor” tation or placement in a tissue bank. Gift Act. only when it is certain that there is no When properly filled out, a wallet-size 0 The time of death must be deter- way to save his or her life. If breathing cardsuch as the example shown is mined by a doctor who is not involved and the heart have stopped, there is no accepted as a legal document.Many in the transplantation, and the attend- problem in declaring death. However, states are permittingintentions to be ing physician cannot be a member of if the victimis put on a mechanical indicated on drivers’licenses. In any thetransplant team. The transplant respirator to try to keepoxygen and case, you are free to change your mind team, likewise, is forbidden to make a blood circulating to the brain, it is not at any time. death diagnosi-ertifying that the do- so simple. The modellaw for donations also nor is indeed dead. Many states have revised their laws makes the following provisions. 0 Thedonor may revoke the gift making absence of brainfunction as 0 A donor’s valid statement ofgift and the gift may be rejected if not well as absence of spontaneous heart- isparamount to the rightsof others suitable. beat the main determinant of death. except where a state autopsy law may The act states that the gift may be Generally, brain death is declared only prevail. made by a will and becomes effective if the victim cannot breathe sponta- 0 If a donor has not actedduring without waiting for probate. However, neously without mechanicalassistance, hislifetime, his survivors, in a speci- youshould reveal your intentions to if there is no response to pain or light, fied order of priority, may do so, in his your doctor and to as many relatives and if an electroencephalogram reading name. and friends as possible, and carry a of brain waves shows no activity for 0 Physicians who accept organs or donor card with you at all times. 24 hours......

UNIFORM DONOR CARD OF Prlnt or Type name of donor Signature of Donor Date of Blrth of Donor Inthe hope that I mayhelp others, I herebymake thls anatomlcal gilt. if medically acceptable, to take effect upon my deathThe words and marks Date Signed Clty & State below lndlcate my deslres I gtve (a)-any neededorgans or parts (bj-only the followlng organs or parts

spec~fythe organ61 or pen(s) lor the purposes of transplantatlon. therapy, medlcal research or educatmn. or further Information consult your physician or (cj-my body lor anatomlcal study 11 needed Llmltatlons or American Medical Association speclal wlshes. If any. 535 N. Dearborn, Chicago, 111.60610 ...... Cit along dolled llne March 1978 39 1979 Defense budget The administration’s $126 billion defense budget for FY 79, announced in late January, was described by Defense Secretary Harold Brown as “austere but adequate.” The proposed budget, while providing the Navy with $1.1 billion less for shipbuilding than last year, still boosts the Navy’s overall package by $1.2 billion over FY 77’s figure. The budget is aimed primarily at strengthening the combat capability of those U.S. forces which support the NATO Alliance. It places high priority on cruise missile production and the development of a new land-based ICBM. The budget makes provisions for a six percent pay raise When asked why finding for the SES was not included in October 1978 and the passage of legislation providing for in thisyear’s budget, Secretary Brownsaid, “We would sea pay, familyseparation allowance, quarters allowance still need to understand much better than we do just what it and military trailer allowance. It also includes $88 million to would be used for, and how it would be used, what it would extend travel and transportation entitlements to dependents be equipped with and what advantages it would offer for its of junior enlisted personneloverseas. obviously very substantially increased cost. In the absence The Navy will procure one less Trident submarine in FY of a better understanding of that, I considered that at this 79 than in FY 78, in keeping with the administration’s plan budget level it did not compete, and so it is not included in to build three Trident submarines every two years(as the budget.” presented to Congress last year). The Navy will also build The Navy will continue to operate 13 caniers and 12 air nine other combatant ships as compared to 11in FY 78. wings throughout FY 79. Four Los Angeles-class nuclear Dollars for the procurement of new aircraft-24 F-14s and submarines will be introduced into the fleet. USS Nautilus five F-18s-also are included in the proposal. (SSN 571) will be inactivated for a net gain of three nuclear- The proposed budget also calls for a reduction of about powered submarines. (See Currents.) 10,OOO active duty Navy personnel in FY 79 and the transfer Eight new Spruance-class destroyers and one new am- of 35,000 Naval Reservists from the Selected Reserve to phibious assault ship (LHA) will be delivered during FY 79. the Ready Reserve. One destroyer and one diesel submarinewill be deactivated. Funding for aircraft carriers, additional A-7E Corsair With respectto future ship procurement, Secretary aircraft, new engines for the F-14 aircraft, and procurement Brown said, “We are delaying the fiscal year 1983 projec- of the surface effect ship (SES) isnot included in the tions that we will be presenting to Congress on the Navy budget. ship construction program until there is a completion of a study by the Navyand the Ofice of theSecretary of Defense of the Navy ship construction program in Febru- ary, after which the President and I will make our decisions in March probably and forward the program to Congress.” The FY 79 defense budget proposal has been forwarded to Congress for approval.J,

ALLHANDS New additionsto,the fleet The U.S. Navy infiscal year 1979 will welcome 14 new ships to the fleet:one submarinetender, one amphibiousassault ship, andthe rest destroyers and nuclear submarines. Nine of these have already been launched. The newcomers are: Emory S. Land (AS 39) Cushing (DD 985) Conolly (DD 979) Harry W.Hill (DD 986) Moosbrugger (DD 980) Nassau (LHA 4) John Hancock (DD 981) Birmingham (SSN 695) Nicholson (DD 982) New York City (SSN 6%) John Rodgers (DD 983) Indianapolis (SSN 697) Lefwich (DD 984) Bremerton (SSN 698)

Those ships that have already been launched are: Emory S. Land, Conolly, Moosbrugger, John Hancock, Nicholson, Nassau, Birmingham, New York City, and Indianapolis.

March 1978 DIVINE rA WIND

42 ALL HANDS DesperateReenactment of an Ancient

BY JOHN M. JOYCE

Editor’s Note: The Pacific Theater during World War I1 face certain death together4eath which, to them at least, was the scene of manyintense battles,often involving was heroic and meaningful in the belief that itwould unique situations and innovations for airlnaval warfare. Of breathe new life into their gasping nation. these, none were more intriguing or frighteningto American Already, pilots of the Special Attack Corps, Kamikazes, Navy men than the kamikaze attacks of the Japanese. formed only five months before, had inflicted heavy losses While ancient and modern war records cite many exam- on the American Navy off the Philippines and Iwo Jima. ples of desperate acts of courage by individuals, seldom Tonight, hispurpose and that of the rest of hissmall have entire units been formed for the purpose of trading tokkotai (special attack unit)was to crash theirplanes, their members’ lives for as much death and destruction as each carrying a 250-kilogram bomb, into ships of the U.S. possible. fleet anchored in the Ulithi Islands. Thefollowing article aboutthe kamikazes deals with As his twin-engined plane bucked and shuddered like a courage. To the Japanese of World War 11, hearkening to frightened horse, he fought a surge of panic. The plane had the ancient code os the samurai, there was nothing more been patched togetherand reinforced with parts from glorious than to die for the cause. damagedplanes for this one finaltrip. It had taken on Throughthis article, ALL HANDSattempts to show, barelyenough fuel to reach the target.Fingering a small without judgment, another aspect of warfareunique to omamori (good. luck charm) in his tunic pocket, he prayed Navymen. that he be allowed to acquit himself with honor along with As toany respect or abhorrencefor men fightingfor their his comrades, that he not waste his life out here, alone. beliefs, that determinationrests solely in theviewpoint of Lookingahead to the distanthorizon, he saw a filmy the individual. whiteness hanging low as a morning mist and knew his plea had been answered. He then threw a switch which released High over the shimmering surface of the Pacific Ocean, tinfoil in the hope that it would jam the Americans’ radar. the “Divine Wind” of theancient Japanese gods was Seconds later, a glow from the illumination of many lights blowing full force the night of March 11, 1945. Its purpose lit the northwest sky. In the fleeting moments he recalled was to sweep off the face of the ocean an enemy threatening other lights, the lights of Yokohama. A year before he had the homeland, just as the kamikaze (divine wind) had sailed from there, and had watched as those lights faded in destroyed a Mongol fleet attacking Japan in 1570. the distance. He realized now that it was the last view he Passage of centuries hadaltered its appearance. The had known of his homeland. shriek of the gale was now the whine of an airplane engine, Suddenly, the glow was gone. Radar had found his group, and movement was directed not by the hand of the gods, but it was too late-he was already winging over the dark but by the hands of humans-those of pilots. humpsof the outlyingislands. His fears, hismemories Oneof the pilots that night glanced to hisside at the quickly faded. Now, seconds from death, hismuscles other planes flying in formation with him, all at the same tensedand twitched from the greatpower he felt as he speed. The sight comforted him. Knowing the other pilots made the final preparations. shared his destiny made his fate more bearable. Theirs was He armed the bomb so it would explode on contact and a rare comradeship, one shared only by men who willingly adjusted the small white flag on his shaved head, turning it March 1978 43 I until .the crimson sun was over his forehead. Starting the descent .under full throttle, he braced for anti-aircraft fire but there.was none. The sight below filled him with joy. Masts, turrets and superstructures from a multitude of ships .riding at anchor At that instant, only he and his gods will ever know if he were silhouetted against the darkened watersof the lagoon. realized too late that hewas plummeting toward a real Almost a thousand ships of all types rade at anchor in island. the natural harbor formed by the coral islands of Ulithi. With the great numberof possibilities on whichto unleash Every shape the pilot had memorized in recognition class his fury, the young kamikaze pilot, in his excitement, had waspresent-the carriers, battleships, cruisers, destroyers mistakenlyzeroed in .on Sorlen, one of the small,low and auxiliaries-sitting like fat, sleeping pigeons. islands in the horseshoe-shaped atoll. Theycomprised one of the mightiest forces of naval Sorlen was equipped with support facilities .for landing power ever assembled in one place. It was the American craft units. The signal tower and water tank which had been invasion fleet which was forming for the landing on Oki- erected near the center of the barren, sandy island would, nawa and included elements of the famed Task Force 58. in the darkness, project a shadowy contour similar to that Flushed with excitement from the numberof prime of a carrier. targetswhich were his for the choosing, the youngpilot Off-duty sailors on the island that. night were watching a wiped the sweatfrom his eyes andscanned the scene, moviewhen “Condition Red” sounded. As the sailors searching right, then left. Suddenly something straight moved through the darkness toward their assigned stations, ahead, at the far edge of the harbor and near the open sea, they grumbled over the interruption, believing perhaps that caught his attention. the alarm was only for the highflying, unarmed recomais- It seemed to be a compact superstructure centered on a sance planes-the “Bed Check Charlies”-which had been long, low flight deck-it was a carrier and it was a big one. spotted before over Ulithi at this time of night. With his throat dry and his nerves tingling, he shoved at the Whetherit was becausethey movedslowly at this control stick and .took deadaim for the carrier’s island. thought, or because the alarm had been sounded late, the Theplane responded, lurching as itaccelerated into a menhadn’t gone far when they heard the shriek of the steep power dive; pilot and plane were one. The pulse of kamikaze rushing headlong across the anchorage. Hypno- the motor matched the pounding of his heart; the scream of tized by the shrill crescendo of the plane as it roared out of the plane’s dive gave voice to his defiance. the blackness in vengeance, the sailors watched it strike the As he gained speed, the Ocean seemed to race past him. ground between the signal tower and water tank. Growing bigger and coming closer every instant, the dark Sorlenshuddered under a crunchingimpact asthe water and darker outline of the ship rushed to meet him. In “Divine Wind” unleashed its fury in a thunderous ball of the last instant, he could see the white phosphorus of the fire.Fragments of rockand metal whipped through tents waveslapping at the ship’s hull-like surf breaking on an and rattled the tin quonset huts while, at the heart of the island’s shore. blast, flames erupted amid billowing clouds of dense black smoke. Long after the storm had subsided and the fires had died, a stunned silence hung over Sorlen. Ghostly traces of the Y “Divine Wind” lingered, fanning smoldering embers in the wide, shallow, newly formed hole. *** That one youngpilot may have considered himself a failure, but hewas not the only one to misjudge a target thatdark night. Of the 11 pilotswho took off from the Japanese stronghold of Trukand coaxed their rickety

‘4 medium bombers through the lonely one-way trip to Ulithi, 10 had misjudged their targets: one, the young pilot who hit Sorlen, and the other nine who crashed harmlessly into the for a little while. I will fight for this ship to the best of my inky waters of the lagoon. Only one of the ragged, hard- ability. Forgive me for the mistakes I am about to make.” bitten band managed a degree of success, striking the fantail Similarwords might have been uttered by the young of the carrier USS Randolph (CV 15). Japanesepilot of theSpecial Attack Corps the nighthe It washardly a devastatingblow to the U.S. Pacific rocketed through the sky and crashed into the barren, sandy Fleet, but the Japanese were far from finished using their island of Sorlen. “Divine Wind.” In Japan, thousands ofyoung men were Forgiveness and honor most certainly were given to the volunteering for the Special Attack Corps, eagerly pledging youngAmerican ensign. And, thekamikaze’s superiors- their lives to gain time for their beleaguered country. Using his gods-would forgive him, for most certainly he was a the bomb-laden plane as a projectile, one man could sink a novice and he had but one chance. great American ship of the line. As Admiral Marc Mitscher (CTF 58) said bluntly, “There To the Japanese, these were magnificent odds; the life of are no experienced kamikaze pilots.” one man against the lives of hundreds, even thousands of theenemy. Their slogan-“One man, one warship”-re- flected that belief. Museum in Philippines Designed to channel decimated air strength into maximum efficiency,the kamikazes hadmet with sporadic success. In an account of the kamikaze,Vice Admiral C. R. The Special Attack Corps, first a desperate replacement for Brown said “Among us who were there in the Philippines Japan’s shattered Navy, would become an integral part of and at Okinawa, I doubt if there is anyone who can depict the defense of the Ryukyu Islands, where they would burst with complete clarity our mixed emotions as we watched a from the skies and ignite what one observer would describe man about to die-a man determined to die in order that he as “a hail of flaming terror and searing death.” might destroy us in the process. When theskies cleared over theRyukyus, more than “There was a hypnotic fascination to a sight so alien to 4,000 Japanese planes had been destroyed, 1,228 of them our Western philosophy. We watched each plunging kami- kamikazes. But America had paid a terrible price, with 34 kaze with the detached horror of one witnessing a terrible shipssunk and 288 others damaged.The U.S. Navyhad spectacle rather than as the intended victim.” suffered its most costly campaign of the war. These words are foundin amuseum in the Philippines However, the losses could have been far greater. honoring the memory of kamikaze pilots. Also, a marker No matter how viewed, courage and valor in battle are hasbeen erected in a sugarcane field 60 miles north of never limited to only one side. For Americans, their courage Manila, site of a Japanese airfield from which the suicide lay in the gallant efforts of Navy men to keep disabled ships pilots took off during the war. afloat that day-efforts typified by the officer who was the Neither the words nor the marker are meant to specifi- senior man alive on a destroyer under kamikaze attack at a callyglorify the kamikaze. Rather, they are intended to remote picket station. The last message he sent from the serveas a lasting tribute to those whodied fortheir stricken ship was a battle report to the flagship, the carrier convictions. USS Bunker Hill (CV 17). As the world has changed-generating respect for differ- Closing, he said, “I am an ensign. I have only been on ent countries, cultures and people-attitudes have changed this ship for a little while, and have only been in the Navy to thepoint where former enemies, such as the United ~ States and Japan, can, and do, become friends and staunch allies. 9,

1 March 1978 45- I A one-man air squadron A BY 503 KEN ORNICK A nameis more than a monikerwhen it conveys an interesting story. Such is the case with Brewer Fieldat Naval Air Station, Agana, Guam. Dedicatedto one of thetrue heroes of the“Marianas turkey shoot,” Brewer Field had its beginning in June1944. Guam was occupied by the Japanese who were using the island toextend the operationalcapabilities of their carrier-based aircraft, and theU.S. Navy carrier USS Essex (CV 9) was ordered to thwart the enemy’s plans. Fighters were launched from her deck and Commander CharlesBrewer, Jr., commandingofficer of Fighter Squadron 15, was-credited with sinking an enemy destroyer using only his plane’s machine guns. Following that encounter, Essex steamed all ahead full in search of Japanesecarriers. By themorning of June 19, Essex had notestablished contact. It wasfeared that an attack could be momentarily launched against her if Japa- nese carriers were lurking just outside radar range. CDRBrewer led a patrol of 11 fighters to detect .and engage the enemy if an attack seemed imminent. ’ U.S. suspicionswere confrmed shortly thereafter-enemy aircraft were airborne southwest of Essex. The Japa- nese force consisted of 16 bombers and 24 fighters. Brewer directed his patrol to attack as the Japanese bombers began to scatter and the Rising Sun fighters jockied for position. Withinminutes, Brewer’s guns had downed the enemy strike leader and three fighters. The Japanese dispersed and Brewer’s squadron returned to Essex, victorious. Late that afternoon, Brewerled another patrol over Guam which was to strafe the Japanese and prevent them from using the airstrip as a staging area. In the course of the initial attack, one Japanese fighter was destroyed as it tried to land. ThenBrewer’s luck turned. Twenty Japanese fighters dived on his patrol from the rear. Piloted by the best airmen in the Japanese Navy, each fighter bore a special insignia attesting to the pilot’s skill. Fighting was frantic as the enemy made well-disciplined and coordinated attacks. Though the Japanese formation’s leader was downed by Brewer, the fight continued and the American patrol was caught in the twisting combat, fighting to survive. Finally extricating themselves from a situation turned bad, the patrol returned to Essex, but Brewer was not among the surviving pilots. No one knows his fate, though there were reports that he crashed into the sea. The lastline of theplaque dedicating the airfieldin Brewer’s memory ‘expresses more than the appreciation of a grateful nation: “His example of courage, leadership and selfless devotion to duty will live on in the memory of all who fly from this ,field.”&

46 ALL HANDS Rishts & Benefits Emir7 Credits Through SOC Servicemen’s Opportunity Colleges (SOC) make it easier ation for students in exceptionalsituations. SOC colleges than ever for Navy people to earn a college degree while on are really a network of institutions that make a commitment activeduty. SOCis unique because itis an arrangement to serve the special needs of military men and women. In betweena national group of accreditedcolleges and the this respect, participating colleges offer the following advan- military which enables people on active duty to achieve a tages to Navy men and women. college degree. More than 350 accredited public and private SOC colleges try to bemore flexible in scheduling institutionsnow honor college-level work completed by classes. service members before and during active duty. In case of transfers which could interrupt course work, Each Servicemen’s Opportunity College bases its admis- departing students are allowed to take early exams or sion requirements on present academic ability, recognizes continue their studies through correspondence or indepen- GED high school diplomas, and allows individual consider- dent study. In event of TAD orders or watch-standing duties, SOC colleges are more liberal in providing makeup work. Academic counseling is provided and recognition is given to the learning value of military experience. Credits earned at accredited colleges or universities are counted toward a degree if they meet the degree requirements.SOC colleges have developed residency requirements that are more relevant to the high mobility of military students. Creditsearned both on and off campuscount toward residencyrequirements if earned under theinstitution’s sponsorship. Exceptions to this basic residency requirement may be granted when unusual circumstances warrant. Participatingcolleges and universities do nothave to accept any individual who wishes to apply, but acceptance I guarantees that each application will be judged on the basis of ability rather than availability. In other words, the institutions do not have to waive their academic admission requirements in order to participate in the program. An added feature of the Servicemen’s Opportunity Col- leges program is the “contract for degree” option offered by many of the participating institutions. This option works like a traditional credit transfer, only in reverse. Instead of getting a degree from the last institution attended by attempting to transfer all previous credits, a student decides fromwhich institution he wishes to receivehis diploma early in his college career. Credits earned at other institutions are transferredto the selected institution, which serves as a repository for all the student’s academic records and which awards a degree upon fulfillment ofthe contract. Navymen and women interested in attendinga SOC college should contact either their education officer or the local Navy Campus for Achievement Advisor (NCFA) for details and a listing of the SOC institutions. 9, Mail Buov J Anchor Weight as great an accuracy as the combination of side. The degrees on the disk are changed the math and college board scores; we can byswiveling the half-circle arm, which SIR: I noticedwhat I believe to be an determine whether a person was born left- willswivel in a completecircle in either error in theOctober 1977 issueof ALL or right-handed, and recognize the neuro- direction. Written on top of the disk are HANDS. The caption to the photograph on logical signature of minimal brain dysfunc- the words, “E. S. Meyerowitz,”appar- the cover states the anchor chain of the tion. USSJohn F. Kennedy (CV 67) is “a 18@ Allof these are in addition to some of fathom chain, each link weighing in at 160 the long-range work we are doing on the pounds.” advanced identification of neurological dis- Being a Plankowner of USS Nimitz orders several decades in advance of their (CVN 68) and well-remembering the ship’s normal appearance. . . .-Karel Montor, FamiliarizationQualifications, I believe Ph.D., associate professor, U.S. Naval thecorrect weight should be 360 pounds Academy. per link.-S. E. Tourtellot, YN2, USN. 8 You are correct. We are still searching for the 200 poundsper link we lost between here and the printer.-ED. Right Arm Rates SIR: I amseeking information on the rightarm rates in 1940, 1941, 1942 and Was It Really? 1943. In 1943 I think they went to the left arm. There isone rate I am particularly SIR: Concerning your “Stern Shots” in interested in. I would like to know if the the November issue of ALL HANDS, USS AviationMachinist’s Mate rate was ever Hartford was Admiral Farragut’s flagship, wornon the right arm. This matter has but your illustration at “A” is of a ship of caused quite a disturbance where I am the line-not a screw sloop. The picture is employed.-Mrs. LoisHughes, Jackson- small, so details are hard to spot, but since ville, Fla. I don’t believewe ever had any steam- 8 We offer the followingin hopes it will powered ships of theline, is it really quellthe disturbance at your place of British?-Tyrone G. Martin, CDR, USN, employment:Right arm rates signified 57th in command of USS Constitution. men of the Seaman Branch. The followingently the name of the company that man- 8 You are right. The ship illustrated is ratingscomprised the Seaman Branch not the USS Hartford. We contacted both ufactured the instrument. during the World War II period:Boat- I would appreciate any information you Naval History and Warship International swain’s Mate, Turret Captain, Signalman, may have as to the application of this who agree the ship is probably British but Gunner’sMate, Fire Controlman,Quar- instrument,when and where it was this is not a certainty. termaster,Mineman and Torpedoman’s made.-Ralph Spence, Tyler, Tex. Theyalso add thatthe photo is of a Mate. 8 Oursearch for an answer to your small ship of the line with lessthan 80 Right arm rates were disestablished on question led us first to the Naval Supply guns.-ED. April 2, 1949. Aviation Machinist’s Mate Systems Command. They were as puzzled was not a right arm rate.-ED. as you over the instrument’s identity and suggested we send your letter and sketch More Research on to theNaval Observatory, which we What Is It? did. SIR:In reading the December 1977 issue Although the people at the Observatory of ALL HANDS,I found the article on SIR: I have an item that was washed up couldnot come up with an answer, they “Brain Wave Research” of great interest. by HurricaneCarla, and I am curious did suggest we contact Mr. Saul Moskow- I also appreciated the mention of some of aboutit. It appears to benavigational itz of Marblehead, Mass., a specialist in our work here at the Naval Academy. equipment so I thought perhaps you could nautical instruments. Here is the essence As a matter of interest we at the Acad- help me. of the reply received from him: emy have the best neurological signal All except the handleis made out of “. . , Meyerowitzis a New YorkCity analysis real-time laboratory in the coun- metal.The handle is made from wood, eyeglass firm;still in business. The object try. Some of the more notable accomplish- painted black and is about 6 inches long. in question is a circa 1900, or later, device ments include: the measurement of the (seeillustration). The disk on the top is for measuring angular field of vision Q a speed of the brain-with this technique we one and three-quarter inches in diameter. person being tested for glasses. In perfect cantell, with 100 percentaccuracy, It is numbered in 15 degree increments, up condition it has no historical, antique, or whether reading difficulties are neurologi- to 360 degrees. monetary value. In less than perfect con- cal or academic in origin; we can predict The half-circlearm to whichit is at- dition, it is worth even less.” performance at theNaval Academy with tached is numbered from 0 to 90 on each Scratch onefind.--ED.

48 ALL HANDS

1 Stern Shots The following badges and emblemsindicate special des- ignations which Navy people wear to denote qualification in certain specialties or branches. Can you identify all of them? A. B. C. D.

E. m E

1. I. During the War of 1812, the sloop WASP, 18 in the English Channel where she spread terror brig, which was sentto Savannah with reports of guns, one of our nation's most colorful fighting among British shipping. She took many valuable 8lakely's operations to dare. ships, mysteriously vanished at sea. Aboard was prizes andwith great cunning attacked and soundly Irish-born CAPT Johnston Blakely, her skipper and thrashed two brig sloops in separate engagements. On Oct. 9, WASP was hailed by the Swedish brig a master ship handler. He had one of the best The flrst encounter was with H.M.S. REINDEER; ADONIS. On board were two American officers trained crews in our infant Navy. the secondwas H.M.S. AVON. Both were who were transferredaboard. This was unfortunate destroyed. in that WASP sailed away and was never seen or WASP's disappearance suggeststhat fate obliged heard from again. the British by accomplishing a task which they This spectacular.but ill-fated cruise, lastingless themselves could not complete. than six months, is likened to a flare which, bursting CAPT Blakely began his naval career as a mid- into flame, brightly lit a fewpages in history. shipman on Feb. 5, 1800. He was 33 years old when On May I, 1814, WASPslippedher moorings at WASP was lost. Ironically, he never heard that he Portsmouth, MA,and showed up soon thereefter On Sept. 21, 1814, WASPseized herlastprize. a had been promoted in rank to captain.