De Hoop Group 3 Vergelegen 20110420.Docx April 2011 I DE HOOP GROUP 3 VERGELEGEN REPORT NO

CONTRACT WP 9711 DEVELOPMENT OF A RECONCILIATION STRATEGY FOR ALL TOWNS IN THE NORTHERN REGION

GREATER SEKHUKHUNE DISTRICT MUNICIPALITY AND MAKHUDUTHAMAGA LOCAL MUNICIPALITY:

FIRST ORDER RECONCILIATION STRATEGY FORTHE DE HOOP GROUP 3 VERGELEGEN WATER SUPPLY SCHEME

Ga-Molepane, Ga-Moloi, Glen Cowie, Glen Cowie Ext 1, Glen Cowie Ext 2, Hlahlane, Jane Furse, Jane Furse LCH, Mahlomola, Mochadi, Mokwete, Riverside, Sekwati and Tlame

DRAFT VERSION 1.4

April 2011

Prepared by Prepared for:

SRK Consulting Department of Water Affairs

PO Box 35290 Directorate: National Water Resources Planning MENLOPARK Private Bag X313 0102 PRETORIA, Tel: +27 (0) 12 361 9821 0001 E-mail: [email protected]

DE HOOP GROUP 3 VERGELEGEN REPORT NO. {1}

DEVELOPMENT OF A RECONCILIATION STRATEGY FOR ALL TOWNS IN THE NORTHERN REGION

FIRST ORDER RECONCILIATION STRATEGY FOR THE DE HOOP GROUP 3 VERGELEGEN WATER SUPPLY SCHEME.

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

The rudimentary strategy objectives and methodology are presented in a separate report titled “ Starter document: Methodology followed for the Development of Reconciliation Strategies for the All Town Study Northern Region ” and must be read in conjunction with this document.

Location and Background Information

The De Hoop Group 3 Vergelegen cluster is located centrally in relation to the Makhuduthamaga Local Municipality within the Sekhukhune District Municipality. The focus of this document is on the De Hoop Group 3 Vergelegen cluster which includes the settlements of Ga-Molepane, Ga-Moloi, Glen Cowie, Glen Cowie Ext 1, Glen Cowie Ext 2, Hlahlane, Jane Furse, Jane Furse LCH, Mahlomola, Mochadi, Mokwete, Riverside, Sekwati and Tlame

.Water Resource Availability and Requirements

The present water requirements for the cluster was calculated to be 2.144 Million m3/a. The water requirements are predicted to increase to between 3.689 and 4.058 Million m3/a in 2030 depending on the growth scenario. This could be attributed to the projected improvements in the water supply levels of service. The low cost housing at Jane Furse is currently utilizing approximately 500l/c/d, resulting in the high water usage of the area [3].

The Vergelegen Dam located on the Ngwaritsi River is the only current surface water resource option for the study area. Upon implementation of the ORWRDP via the De Hoop Dam, additional yield will become available.

The De Hoop Group 3 Vergelegen scheme receives water supply from the Vergelegen Dam. Water in this scheme is augmented by the boreholes located within the study area.

Water Balance with Reconciliation Options

The De Hoop Group 3 Vergelegen cluster seems to be in a water deficit based on the comparison of the calculated water demand and the current and future water supply volumes. The cluster is currently served with 0.438 Million m3/a from the Vergelegen Dam. This minimal allocation is due to overutilization of the dam as well as the Waste Water Treatment Works. The supply from the Vergelegen Dam is further augmented by 0.3 Million m3/a from local boreholes. This supply can be increased based on the Average Utilizable Groundwater Potential in the area. This was calculated according to the catchment available supply in relation to the surface area. Supply from the ORWRDP via the De Hoop Dam will need to supply a volume of 1.9 Million m3/a. Original planning allocated an additional 5.5 Million m3/a from the De Hoop Dam; however after the revised yield calculations conducted on the De Hoop Dam, this amount may not be available in the future. Augmentation from the De Hoop Dam should be considered a high priority.

Water Conservation and Water Demand Management measure must be implemented in order to reduce the losses in the distribution system and to ensure the minimization of wasteful water. It is essential that all abstracted water must be metered and continually monitored in order for the implementation of management measures and the ensured effectiveness thereof.

Augmentation options and / or implementation of WC/WDM measures

5 20% growth in house Current Level 5% growth in house connection by 2025 of Service connection by 2015 4

3 /annum 3 2 Mm

- 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023 2024 2025 2026 2027 2028 2029 2030

Confidence level of Information available for the study area

The confidence level for the information in this area is med. The population Data available is coherent: however there is limiting water supply volume data. The confidence in the

X:\G\Proj 1\Proj\390778_DWAF North\7REPORTS\Strategies\All Strategies_19Dec2011\Limpopo\Greater Sekhukhune DM\Makuduthamaga LM\De Hoop Group 3 Vergelegen_20110420.docx April 2011 ii DE HOOP GROUP 3 VERGELEGEN REPORT NO. {1} information can be improved through the validation of the current water use and supply volumes.

Priority rating for the development of a detailed reconciliation strategy:

The De Hoop Group 3 Vergelegen WSS cluster is considered to have a priority 4 (High) rating for the development of a detailed reconciliation strategy as the cluster is currently experiencing a water deficit. The level of data supporting this estimate can be improved through the validation and confirmation of existing ground and surface water use.

CONCLUSIONS • The present water requirement for the cluster was calculated as 2.144 Million m3/a using the estimate base population of 2007. This requirement is projected to increase to 4.058 Million m3/a by year 2030 based on the high growth scenario. • The current consolidated ground and surface water supply reaches a minimal 0.738 Million m3/a. • The De Hoop Group 3 Vergelegen cluster relies on ground and surface water resources. Surface water is abstracted form the Vergelegen Dam supplied by the Ngwaritsi River. • The water demand of the cluster far exceeds the current supply. The groundwater resources are assessed as being underutilized and may supply an additional 1.4 Million m3/a for abstraction. • Currently approximately 0.3 Million m3/a is supplied from groundwater sources. The current supplementary groundwater sources may reach a value of 1.4 Million m3/a, however this value will need to be validated and confirmed. • The De Hoop Group 3 Vergelegen cluster, located to the south of the study area, encompasses the Vergelegen Dam. This dam provides 0.478 Million m3/a to the De Hoop Group 3 Vergelegen cluster. • The implementation of WC/WDM measures may allow for an additional 0.3 Million m3/a to be available. This may reduce the additional surface water supply to the study area. • Based on the consumption analysis, the De Hoop Group 3 Vergelegen WSS cluster is considered to have a priority 4 (High) rating for the development of a detailed reconciliation strategy as the cluster is currently experiencing a water deficit.

STRATEGY / RECOMMENDATIONS

• Validate and confirm the planned augmentation from the De Hoop Dam. This supplementary supply is of critical importance to the study area. • Upgrade the WWTW at the Vergelegen Dam. Additional water supply may become available as well as the elimination of water losses through the WWTW due to the over utilized capacity. • Careful monitoring of supply and demand must be instituted to prevent a potentially disastrous situation arising in the future.

Signature This is a strategy for the De Hoop Group 3 Vergelegen Water Supply Scheme and it has been accepted and signed by Greater Sekhukhune District Municipality, Makhuduthamaga Local Municipality, DWA Limpopo Regional Office and the DWA Head Office (D: NWRP) as follows:

Town WMA DM WSA

De Hoop Group 3 Olifant's Greater Sekhukhune Greater Sekhukhune Vergelegen Cluster District Municipality District Municipality

Names:………………………………………. Names:……………………………………….

Signature:…………………………………… Signature:……………………………………

Date:………………………………………… Date:…………………………………………

Position:…………………...... Position:…………………………… Greater Makhuduthamaga LM Sekhukhune DM Names:………………………………………. Names:……………………………………….

Signature:…………………………………… Signature:……………………………………

Date:………………………………………… Date:…………………………………………

Position:…………………………………DW Position:………………………………DWA D: A Regional Office National Water Resource Planning

TABLE OF CONTENTS

CONCLUSIONS ...... III

STRATEGY / RECOMMENDATIONS ...... III

1 INTRODUCTION ...... 1

1.1 Study area ...... 1

1.2 Regional Setting ...... 1

1.3 Economic Drivers ...... 3

1.4 Confidence Level of Information Available for the Study Area ...... 3

2 POPULATION AND DEMOGRAPHICS ...... 3

3 CURRENT WATER REQUIREMENTS ...... 4

3.1 Present Water Requirements and historical water use ...... 4

3.2 Level of services ...... 4

4 WATER REQUIREMENTS PROJECTIONS TILL 2030 ...... 4

4.1 Future water requirements ...... 4

5 WATER RESOURCES ...... 5

5.1 Surface water resources ...... 5

5.1.1 Water allocation/s ...... 5

5.1.2 Other Water Users from the Same Source...... 5

5.1.3 Quality ...... 5

5.2 Groundwater ...... 5

5.2.1 Water allocation/s ...... 6

5.2.2 Quality ...... 6

5.3 Water Re-use ...... 6

6 WATER REQUIREMENT BALANCE ...... 7

6.1 Water Balance for the De Hoop Group 3 Vergelegen Water Supply Scheme ...... 7

6.2 Priority to develop a water supply reconciliation strategy for the town ...... 9

7 EXISTING WATER SUPPLY INFRASTRUCTURE ...... 9

7.1 Water treatment plants (WTP)...... 9

7.2 Distribution network and reservoirs ...... 9

8 SANITATION ...... 9

8.1 Level of services ...... 9

8.2 Waste Water Treatment Works (WWTW) ...... 10

8.2.1 Return flows ...... 10

8.2.2 State of WWTW ...... 10

9 RECONCILIATION OPTIONS ...... 10

9.1 Water Conservation Water Demand Management WC/WDM ...... 10

9.2 Rain water harvesting ...... 10

9.3 Ground water ...... 10

9.4 Re-use ...... 11

9.5 Surface water ...... 11

9.6 Conjunctive Use of Surface and Groundwater ...... 11

9.7 Buy out of Water Allocations/Rights ...... 11

10 WATER BALANCE WITH RECONCILIATION OPTIONS ...... 12

10.1 Estimated Water Requirements and Water Availability ...... 12

11 CONCLUSIONS ...... 14

12 STRATEGY / RECOMMENDATIONS ...... 14

13 REFERENCES ...... 15

LIST OF FIGURES

Figure 1-1: Locality Plan ...... 2

Figure 6-1: Future water requirements (De Hoop Group 3 Vergelegen) ...... 8

Figure 10-1: Augmentation options and/or implementation of WC/WDM measures ..... 13

LIST OF TABLES

Table 3-1: Current service levels ...... 4

Table 4-1: Water Requirement projections...... 5

Table 6-1: Current Status and Requirement Projections (Million m 3/a) ...... 7

Table 6-2: Current abstracted, registered and available volume (Million m 3/a) ...... 7

Table 8-1: Current service levels ...... 9

Table 10-1: Future status with Reconciliation Measures (Million m 3/a) ...... 12

ABBREVIATIONS

AADD Average Annual Daily Demand ALC Active Leakage Control CBD Central Business Districts CSIR Council for Scientific and Industrial Research D: NWRP Directorate: National Water Resource Planning DM District Municipality DMA District Meter Area DWA Department of Water Affairs DPLG Department of Provincial and Local government FC Fibre Cement IDP Integrated Development Plan IRP Integrated Resource Planning LOS Level of Service LM Local Municipality MDG Millennium Development Goals Mm 3/a Million cubic meters/ annum NRW Non Revenue Water NSDP National Spatial Development Perspective NGDB National Groundwater Database PRV Pressure Reducing Valve RDP Reconstruction and Development Programme SA South Africa SDI Spatial Development Initiative SDF Spatial Development Framework UFW Unaccounted for Water

WARMS Water Use Registering and Licensing Management System WC/WDM Water Conservation and Water Demand Management WMA Water Management Area WRC Water Research Commission WRSM2005 Water Resources Simulation Model 2005 WSA Water Services Authority WSDP Water Services Development Plan WSNIS Water Services National Information System WSP Water Services Provider WTW Water Treatment Works WWTW Wastewater Treatment Works

GLOSSARY OF TERMS

Aquifer An aquifer is an underground layer of water-bearing permeable rock or unconsolidated materials (gravel, sand, silt, or clay) from which groundwater can be abstracted

Allocation A water allocation is an authority to take water in areas covered by a resource operations plan

Catchment The land area drained by a river and its tributaries

Demand/ A measure of the need for a portion of the supply of water requirement

Demand Measures available to a Water Service Provider to reduce water demand reduction and improve water use efficiency: for example, water restrictions

Entitlement A water entitlement is the general term used to describe water authorities granted under the Water Act, 1998 . This can be either a water allocation, interim water allocation or a water licence

Non Revenue This is the difference between the volume of water into a system and the Water billed authorised consumption for the area being supply by the system

Reliable yield The quantity of water that can be collected for a given use from a supply source or supply option with a specified degree of certainty and predictability, which is determined through analysis.

Reliability of The probability of providing a specified water entitlement under given supply operating conditions for a specified period of time

Supply The quantity of water available for meeting a demand

Supply option A potential future water resource, defined as any location-specific change to water availability, infrastructure or reliable take that will result in the total available supply being increased.

Water balance The differential of demand and supply baseline.

Yield The average annual volume that can be drawn from a supply source or supply option to meet a specified demand at a specified service level. Yield is always associated with some measure of probability of occurrence, whether that is reliability or probability of achieving a level of service. That is, yield is the volume of water drawn to meet demands in a sustainable sense

1 INTRODUCTION

The Department of Water Affairs have initiated a study for the development of reconciliation strategies for the towns in the Northern Region in order to ensure effective and efficient management of water resources now and into the future.

The study area comprises the water management areas of Limpopo, Luvuvhu and Letaba, Crocodile (West) and Marico, and Olifants and encompasses the Limpopo and portions of Gauteng, North West and Mpumalanga provinces.

This report should be read in conjunction with a separate report titled “ Starter document: Methodology followed for the Development of Reconciliation Strategies for the All Town Study – Northern Region ”.

1.1 Study area

The focus of this document is on the De Hoop Group 3 Vergelegen cluster which includes the settlements of Kgwaripe, Mmotwaneng, Nkotowane, Phelindaba, Tswaing, Vlakplaas A and Vlakplaas B . This cluster contains a number of minor dams within the study area. Of importance is the Vergelegen dam located centrally with an associated water treatment works. The Vergelegen Dam is fed by the Ngwaritsi River which further drains in a northern direction towards the Piet Gouws Dam. The communities within this cluster are provided with water from the Vergelegen dam as well as from local groundwater supplies.

The De Hoop Group 3 Vergelegen cluster is located centrally in relation to the Makhuduthamaga Local Municipality within the Sekhukhune District Municipality. The locality map is presented in Figure 1-1.

1.2 Regional Setting

Makhuduthamaga Local Municipality (MLM) is one of five local municipalities that together form the Greater Sekhukhune District Municipality within the Limpopo Province of the Republic of South Africa. Greater Sekhukhune District Municipality is the Water Services Authority and Water Services Providers for this local municipality [4].

The municipality shares boundaries with Fetakgomo; Greater Marble Hall, Greater Tubatse and Elias Motsoaledi Local Municipalities of Greater Sekhukhune District.

The Makhuduthamaga Local Municipality (MLM) is predominantly rural in nature with a high unemployment rate and resulting in high poverty levels. The MLM is linked with many other places through shared environmental, social and economic systems and structures. The most apparent of these links are with neighbouring and nearby municipalities across Greater Sekhukhune District Municipality. The MLM is also integral to the Provinces of Limpopo and Mpumalanga. It forms part of the Sekhukhune District Municipality and has significant development potential in sectors such as agriculture (both horticulture and livestock) and tourism [4].

The De Hoop Group 3 Vergelegen Cluster abstracts water from the Vergelegen Dam located to the west of the Riverside town in the southern regions of the study area. The water supply is augmented with groundwater from local boreholes in the regional area [3].

1.3 Economic Drivers

The town of Jane Furse is seen as the District growth point within the local municipality. The Municipal growth points include Glen Cowie. Monsterlus, Motetema, Phokwane, Van der Merwe’s Kraal and Ga-Nkwane located within the Makhuduthamaga Local Municipality.

During 2007 the municipality prepared a Spatial Development Framework (SDF) for its area of jurisdiction. The SDF identified the following areas as focus areas for development

Primary Growth Point: Jane Furse was identified as the primary growth point in the entire municipality which is supposed to be proclaimed as an urban area due to its economic and administrative activities it is rendering to the municipality [4].

Sub Growth Points: The Nebo- Phokoane cluster

Development Corridors: Apel-cross to Ga-Marishane and Jane Furse to Phokoane

Sub Corridors Development: Schoonoord to Mathibeng and Jane Furse to Schoonoord

The identified areas above are the hub and spine of the development in the municipality. The areas need to be planned properly so as to maximize the potentials identified in the SDF. Development plans should therefore be prepared before the land identified falls into other uses not proposed in the SDF [4].

The Municipality is one of the rural municipalities that are characterized by a elevated level of poverty, unemployment, lack of basic water infrastructure, roads, telecommunication, schools et cetera. However, Makhuduthamaga municipality is amongst the pace setter in the municipal fraternity. It is the first municipality in the country to win the ZK Matthews award for the best performing municipality in the country in spite of its limitations. This Municipality was described as a municipality with a vision in education and have developed a very strong relationship with education institutions in the municipal area [4].

Limited industrial and no mining activities take place within the boundaries of the Makhuduthamaga Local Municipality.

1.4 Confidence Level of Information Available for the Study Area

The confidence level for the information in this area is med. The population data available is coherent: however there is limited water supply volume data available.

The confidence in the information can be improved through the validation of the current water use and supply volumes. 2 POPULATION AND DEMOGRAPHICS

In order to determine the most accurate base population figures for the study a number of data sets were analysed and compared at a town/grouped settlement level. Two scenarios have been analysed, one being a high growth, while the other a low growth projection. The demographic studies show the cluster to have an increasing population over the next 20 years. The ‘high growth’ scenario offers a picture of strongly positive growth with the population increasing from 88 157 to 116 826 by 2030. The ‘low growth’ scenario offers an even more positive picture with an increase from 88 157 to 106 201 people by 2030, the comparison between these two scenarios is shown in Table 4-1 below. The methodology followed is explained in the separate document titled, “ Demographic Scenario Report ”.

3 CURRENT WATER REQUIREMENTS

3.1 Present Water Requirements and historical water use

The present water consumption in the De Hoop Group 3 Vergelegen cluster for 2010 is calculated as 2,144 Million m3/a on the high growth scenario. The current water supply reaches a value of 0.778 Million m3/a which is made up of 0.478 Million m3/a abstracted from the Vergelegen Dam and 0.3 Million m3/a sourced from local boreholes [3].

The Utilisable Groundwater Exploitation Potential as calculated according to the catchment properties and surface area of the cluster reaches a value of 1.3 Million m3/a. This allows for an additional 1 Million m3/a available for augmentation to the current supply [8].

3.2 Level of services

Level of Hardship (LOH) is used to evaluate the standard of water services provided to the communities based on the RDP criteria. The current service levels are presented in Table 3- 1.

Table 3-1: Current service levels

Above RDP RDP Below RDP

Service level Communal Communal None/ own House Yard supply supply resources/ supply connection connection (<200m) (>200m) (>500m)

Eskom, 2007 7% 5% 21% 54% 13%

The WSNIS level of service data was adopted in calculating the current water requirements as described in section 4.1 below. The LOH for water services is high with 67% of households below minimum RDP water levels of service with reference to the WSNIS, 2007 . 4 WATER REQUIREMENTS PROJECTIONS TILL 2030

4.1 Future water requirements

The future water requirements until 2030 are presented in Table 4-1 and Figure 6-1 for the De Hoop Group 3 Vergelegen WSS. The assumptions used for the generation of these calculations are summarised as follows: • Population projections: The projections are calculated using high growth and low growth population estimates, as indicated in Table 2-1.

• Current level of service (LOS) estimates: the following consumption estimates was used to calculate the future water requirements, 189 l/cap/day for dwellings with house connections, 101 l/cap/day for dwellings with yard connections and 40 l/cap/day for the dwellings supply at or below RDP level • Future requirements : For planning purposes, the future requirements are projected using “Scenario 3” i.e. LOS assumed to be at a minimum of a Yard Connection by 2015, with a 5% growth in house connections by 2015 and a further 15% growth in house connections by 2020 (total growth in house connections of 20%). RDP is assumed to increase from 25 l/p/d (current situation) to 40 l/p/d by 2015.

Table 4-1: Water Requirement projections

Population figures Population figures Water Water used in the used in the Requirements Requirements Year calculation (Low calculation (High (Low Growth) (High Growth) Growth) Growth) Mm 3/a Mm 3/a Actual 82,643 82,643 1.972 1.972 2010 87.021 87, 157 2.116 2.144 2015 94,103 97,377 2.501 2.588 2020 98,994 104,592 3.170 3.349 2025 101,979 109,964 3.543 3.820 2030 106,201 116,826 3.689 4.058

5 WATER RESOURCES 5.1 Surface water resources

The De Hoop Group 3 Vergelegen cluster is supplied with surface water by the Vergelegen Dam. This dam is situated on the Ngwaritsi River which drains in a northern direction towards the Piet Gouws Dam. The storage capacity of the dam is 1.37 Million m3/a with a firm yield of 0.6 Million m3/a. This firm yield was reduced as a result of siltation allowing for a nominal 0.478 Million m3/a safe yield. The cluster is currently experiencing a drastic water deficit and an emergency plan need to be implemented as soon as possible [3].

5.1.1 Water allocation/s

There are no records of registered use and allocations from the WARMs database for the Vergelegen Dam. The only registered use as per WARMs database is the abstraction form the Kgotlopyane Dam and Makabjana River for agricultural purposes of 0.077 and 0.006 Million m3/a respectively. No abstraction takes place by this cluster from these sources for domestic use.

5.1.2 Other Water Users from the Same Source.

There are no other known water users from the Vergelegen Dam.

5.1.3 Quality

No immediate records are available.

5.2 Groundwater

The 1:500 000 General Hydro geological map for South Africa published by DWAF (2000), 1:250 000 Geological map series and GRAII data has been used to describe the geology and hydrogeology for the area [2].

The settlements are situated on mafic/ultra mafic intrusive rocks (dolerite, diabase, diorite, gabbro, dunite, pyroxenite, norite, anorthosite, hornblendite, carbonatite), undifferentiated rocks and various mixed lithologies Mafic/ultra mafic intrusive rocks (dolerite, diabase, diorite, gabbro, dunite, pyroxenite, norite, anorthosite, hornblendite, carbonatite) with a intergranular and fractured yield of 2.0 – 5.0 l/s and undifferentiated rocks and various mixed lithologies (yield of 0.0 – 0.1 l/s) to the east with Acid/Intermediate/Alkaline intrusive rocks (various

X:\G\Proj 1\Proj\390778_DWAF North\7REPORTS\Strategies\All Strategies_19Dec2011\Limpopo\Greater Sekhukhune DM \Makuduthamaga LM\De Hoop Group 3 Vergelegen_20110420.docx April 2011 5 DE HOOP GROUP 3 VERGELEGEN granitoids) with a intergranular and fractured yield of 0.5 - 2.0 l/s covering the remainder of the study area. Groundwater is used in conjunction with surface water supplied. The average borehole yield reaches a value of approximately 0.13 l/s with a medial depth of 8 mbgl [2].

The borehole information for the area is very limited, with restricted information on water levels, water strikes and borehole yields provided. The level of confidence of the groundwater use in the area is therefore medium. The available supply to the study area is 0.3 Million m3/a (based on GRIP borehole yields). The groundwater available for augmentation is estimated as 1.0 Million m3/a for the water supply scheme. The sustainability of the supply should be metered and monitored to confirm that these volumes are sustainable in the long term. The cluster is currently utilizing approximately 0.3 Million m3/a from groundwater resources [2]. According to the catchment properties and the 235km2 surface area of the study area, an UGEP of 1.3 Million m3/a is available within the De Hoop Group 3 Vergelegen water supply scheme [2].

5.2.1 Water allocation/s

One hundred and seventy two boreholes are identified within the study area according to water services. Of these only twenty one are equipped. The average yield of the equipped boreholes reaches 0.13 l/s. No other groundwater resources are registered on the WARMs database and are thus assumed that no other users rely on groundwater resources within the area.

5.2.2 Quality

Forty water quality records obtained from the NGDB indicate that the water quality varies across the study area and can be classed between Classes 0 - 4.

5.3 Water Re-use

None.

6 WATER REQUIREMENT BALANCE

The current and future water balances for the De Hoop Group 3 Vergelegen cluster are summarized in Table 6-1 and graphically illustrated in Figure 6-1.

The current abstracted and registered volumes and quality of the water provided to the De Hoop Group 3 Vergelegen cluster are summarized in Table 6-2, where the information is available.

6.1 Water Balance for the De Hoop Group 3 Vergelegen Water Supply Scheme

Table 6-1: Current Status and Requirement Projections (Million m3/a)

Description Source Actual 2010 2015 2020 2025 2030

Groundwater 0.300 0.300 0.300 0.300 0.300 0.300 Vergelegen Dam 0.439 0.439 0.439 0.439 0.439 0.439 Available Supply Less Agricultural 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 Total Available Water 0.739 0.739 0.739 0.739 0.739 0.739 Demand Requirement Low Growth 1.972 2.116 2.502 3.170 3.543 3.690 (no reconciliation options High Growth 1.972 2.144 2.589 3.349 3.820 4.059 Low Growth -1.233 -1.377 -1.763 -2.431 -2.804 -2.951 Surplus/ Shortfall High Growth -1.233 -1.405 -1.850 -2.610 -3.081 -3.320

Table 6-2: Current abstracted, registered and available volume (Million m3/a)

Description Source Quantity Comment Surface Water 0.439 Registered Use Groundwater n/a Surface Water 0.439 Actual Abstraction Estimate, based on available Groundwater 0.300 information Surface Water 0 Available Yield Estimate, based on Average Groundwater 1.400 Groundwater Exploitation Potential.

4.5 5% growth in house 20% growth in house Current Level of Service connection by 2015 connection by 2025 4

3.5

2.5

/annum 3 2 Mm

1.5

0.5

0 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2 012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 20 22 2023 2024 2025 2026 2027 2028 2029 2030

Years Vergelegen Dam Groundwater Supply Estimated Future Requirements (Low growth scenario) Estimated Future Requirements (High growth scenario )

Figure 6-1: Future water requirements (De Hoop Group 3 Vergelegen)

6.2 Priority to develop a water supply reconciliation strategy for the town

The De Hoop Group 3 Vergelegen cluster is considered to have a Priority 4 (high) rating for the development of a detailed reconciliation strategy as the cluster is currently in deficit.

The level of data supporting this estimate can be improved through the validation and confirmation of existing groundwater use. 7 EXISTING WATER SUPPLY INFRASTRUCTURE

The De Hoop Group 3 Vergelegen Water Supply Scheme obtains water from the Vergelegen Dam as well as a series of boreholes within the cluster. From these abstraction points water is distributed to a series of twenty reservoirs extending across the study area.

7.1 Water treatment plants (WTP)

The De Hoop Group 3 Vergelegen cluster contains one WTP located at the Vergelegen Dam. The treatment plant has a capacity of 0.478 Million m3/a. The sustainable supply from Vergelegen WTW was reduced from 0.7 Million m3/a in 2005 to 0.54 Million m3/a in 2010.It will further be reduced to 0.438 Million m3/a in 2015 due to the exceeded capacity being treated at the water works [3].

7.2 Distribution network and reservoirs

Water abstracted from the Dam and boreholes are further distributed to twenty reservoirs located within the study area. 8 SANITATION

The cluster is provided with one oxidation pond located near the Jane Furse Low Cost Housing. There have been numerous problems with this scheme, resulting from the lack of Operation and Maintenance plan from the Waste Water Treatment Works [3].

8.1 Level of services

The current level of service is indicated in Table 8-1.

Table 8-1: Current service levels

Above RDP RDP Below RDP Septic tanks, digester, Flush toilet Pit latrine Service level desludger, None, chemical, (connected to with effluent bucket or pit latrine sewerage ventilation discharge to an without ventilation system) (VIP) oxidation pond, etc WSNIS, 2007 13% 2% 19% 66%

From the above tabled information it can be calculated that the LOH for sanitation services is extremely high with 66% of the population below minimum RDP sanitation levels of service with reference to the WSNIS, 2007.

8.2 Waste Water Treatment Works (WWTW)

Water borne sewage system was installed with oxidation ponds to treat the sewage adjacent to the Jane Furse low cost housing settlement. It has been recorded that excessive water demand is experienced from this settlement at approximately 500l/c/d.

8.2.1 Return flows

N/A

8.2.2 State of WWTW

The state of the oxidation ponds are considered to be poor due to the lack of operation and maintenance. 9 RECONCILIATION OPTIONS

9.1 Water Conservation Water Demand Management WC/WDM

Poor management of water supply services are experienced resulting in excessive water usage. The present water demand exceeds the water supply within the cluster due to possible informal connections, wastage and high consumption.

The Sekhukhune District Municipality, as the Water Services Authority, does have a WC/WDM strategy in place. Consequently, there is no estimation of “unaccounted for water” (UFW) nor specified reduction targets. A preliminary analysis of the system to assess the potential for loss reduction through the implementation of WC/WDM could not be carried out as the required information was not available. In the absence of this information, for reconciliation purposes it has been assumed that the WC/WDM will reduce water requirements by 1% per annum from 2010 to 2013 and 2% per annum from 2013 to 2018. This is presented on Figure 10-1.

9.2 Rain water harvesting

There is a low potential for rainfall harvesting.

9.3 Ground water

There is the potential to increase the present groundwater supply. The level of utilization, status and scientific evaluation of the boreholes needs to be verified. The current groundwater abstraction as assessed from the GRIP database reached approximately 0.3 Million m3/a. This is a result of only 12% of the current boreholes within the cluster that yield data is available. The Utilisable Groundwater Exploitation Potential (UGEP) in relation the catchment properties and surface area reach a value of 1.3 Million m3/a. This allows for an additional 1 Million m3/a. Considering the high water consumption in the area, it is assumed that the majority of this water is currently abstracted. The catchment within the study area is not over utilized and thus it is expected that an additional Average Groundwater Exploitation Potential (AGEP) of 0.4 Million m3/a may be used for augmentation, provided that there are no unregistered groundwater users and the yield is available for domestic supply [2].

This additional supply needs to be validated as per underlining aquifer. Utilization of this additional groundwater will only delay the water supply deficit to the year 2011. Additional

X:\G\Proj 1\Proj\390778_DWAF North\7REPORTS\Strategies\All Strategies_19Dec2011\Limpopo\Greater Sekhukhune DM \Makuduthamaga LM\De Hoop Group 3 Vergelegen_20110420.docx April 2011 10 DE HOOP GROUP 3 VERGELEGEN surface water resources will need to be assessed as a result of the limited groundwater potential in the area [2].

9.4 Re-use

None.

9.5 Surface water

The Ngwaritsi River traverses the De Hoop Group 3 Vergelegen WSS study area. The river drains into the Vergelegen Dam which is the only surface water resource in the area. However, additional yield should be available from the De Hoop Dam via the ORWRDP. This strategy initially planned for an additional 5.5 Million m3/a to be supplied to the study area. Upon review of the dam yields it was evident that the yields have substantially decreased and this amount will not be able to be supplied to the cluster. No other water supply options are however available. It is thus essential that water becomes available from the De Hoop Dam at a rate of approximately 1.9 Million m3/a. This may be increased after confirmation and validation of the groundwater resources available for abstraction in the area.

9.6 Conjunctive Use of Surface and Groundwater

Groundwater should be used in area where distribution of surface water is too expensive. Groundwater in the area may be over utilized should the additional 0.4 Million m3/a be used. Current circumstances require groundwater needs to be conjunctively utilized in association with available surface water in the area.

9.7 Buy out of Water Allocations/Rights

Not Applicable

10 WATER BALANCE WITH RECONCILIATION OPTIONS

10.1 Estimated Water Requirements and Water Availability

Water use allocations and registrations are viewed as an important aspect in drawing a water balance and developing reconciliation options. The ground and surface water supply to this cluster is not registered and these volumes are difficult to come by. Perspectives are provided with regards to augmentation measures in respect to the extent of used and/or unused resources where information is available. This is summarized in Table 10-1 and illustrated graphically in Figure 10-1 for the De Hoop Group 3 Vergelegen cluster.

With the implementation of Water Conservation Water Demand Management measures the water demand for the study area may be reduced by approximately 0.3 Million m3/a.

Table 10-1: Future status with Reconciliation Measures (Million m3/a)

Description Source Act ual 2010 2015 2020 2025 2030

Groundwater 0.300 0.300 0.300 0.300 0.300 0.300 Vergelegen 0.439 0.439 0.439 0.439 0.439 0.439 Available Supply Less Agricultural 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 Surface Water 0.000 0.000 1.900 1.900 1.900 1.900

Augmentation measures Ground water 0.000 1.400 1.400 1.400 1.400 1.400 Total Available Water 0.739 2.139 4.039 4.039 4.039 4.039 Demand Requirement Low Growth 1.972 2.116 2.502 3.170 3.543 3.690 (no reconciliation options High Growth 1.972 2.144 2.589 3.349 3.820 4.059 Low Growth 1.972 2.116 2.477 3.138 3.507 3.653 WC/WDM measures (Savings) High Growth 1.972 2.144 2.563 3.316 3.782 4.018 Low Growth -1.233 0.023 1.562 0.901 0.532 0.386 Surplus/ Shortfall High Growth -1.233 -0.005 1.476 0.723 0.257 0.021

5 20% growth in house Current Level 5% growth in house of Service connection by 2015 connection by 2025 4

3 /annum 3 2 Mm

- 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2 012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 20 22 2023 2024 2025 2026 2027 2028 2029 2030

Augmentation - Surface Water Years Augmentation - Groundwater Vergelegen Dam Groundwater Supply Estimated Future Requirements (Low growth scenario) Estimated Future Requirements (High growth scenario ) Figure 10-1: Augmentation options and/or implementation of WC/WDM measures X:\G\Proj 1\Proj\390778_DWAF North\7REPORTS\Strategies\All Strategies_19Dec2011\Limpopo\Greater Sekhukhune DM \Makuduthamaga LM\De Hoop Group 3 Vergelegen_20110420.docx April 2011 13 DE HOOP GROUP 3 VERGELEGEN

11 CONCLUSIONS • The present water requirement for the cluster was calculated as 2.144 Million m3/a using the estimate base population of 2007. This requirement is projected to increase to 4.058 Million m3/a by year 2030 based on the high growth scenario. • The current consolidated ground and surface water supply reaches a minimal 0.738 Million m3/a. • The De Hoop Group 3 Vergelegen cluster relies on ground and surface water resources. Surface water is abstracted form the Vergelegen Dam supplied by the Ngwaritsi River. • The water demand of the cluster far exceeds the current supply. The groundwater resources are assessed as being underutilized and may supply an additional 1.4 Million m3/a for abstraction. • Currently approximately 0.3 Million m3/a is supplied from groundwater sources. The current supplementary groundwater sources may reach a value of 1.4 Million m3/a, however this value will need to be validated and confirmed. • The De Hoop Group 3 Vergelegen cluster, located to the south of the study area, encompasses the Vergelegen Dam. This dam provides 0.478 Million m3/a to the De Hoop Group 3 Vergelegen cluster. • The implementation of WC/WDM measures may allow for an additional 0.3 Million m3/a to be available. This may reduce the additional surface water supply to the study area. • Based on the consumption analysis, the De Hoop Group 3 Vergelegen WSS cluster is considered to have a priority 4 (High) rating for the development of a detailed reconciliation strategy as the cluster is currently experiencing a water deficit.

12 STRATEGY / RECOMMENDATIONS

• A Water Conservation and Demand Management Strategy must be developed and implemented. o A water management metering system with leakage detection and a repair programme must be implemented. Individual use must also be managed. • Water supply to the communities needs to be monitored and accurately metered, and the requirement for the cluster adjusted as indicated by trends in population. • Further opportunities to utilize groundwater should be explored. Validate the possible groundwater augmentation and its impacts on the surrounding areas. • Validate and confirm the planned augmentation from the De Hoop Dam. This supplementary supply is of critical importance to the study area. • Upgrade the WWTW at the Vergelegen Dam. Additional water supply may become available as well as the elimination of water losses through the WWTW due to the over utilized capacity. • Careful monitoring of supply and demand must be instituted to prevent a potentially disastrous situation arising in the future.

13 REFERENCES

[1] DWA Sekhukhune District Municipality: Draft Water Service Development Plan. 2007/2008.Prepared by VIKNA Consulting Civil and Development Engineers. March 2009. [2] Barnard, H. An explanation of the 1:500 000 General Hydro geological Map. (2000) Johannesburg 2526. Department of Water Affairs and Forestry. [3] DWA ( De Hoop-Nebo Plateau Water Services Master Plan, Greater Sekhukhune District Municipality. Prepared by BKS (Pty) Ltd. [4] Dr JS Integrated Development Plan 2009/2010. MOROKA LM [5] DWA (2006) Undertake the validation and verification of registered water use in the Olifant’s and Inkomati Water Management Areas. Prepared by GeoTerraImage (Pty) Ltd (GTI), Siphumelele Electrical cc, Senqu Consultants, MHP GeoSpace (Pty) Ltd, CPH Water, Satellite Application Centre of the CSIR, VIKNA Consulting and Civil Engineers.

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