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Bones of the Thoracic Limb (Ossa Membri Thotacici)

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BONES OF THE THORACIC LIMB (OSSA MEMBRI THORACICI) Andrea Heinzlmann University of Veterinary Medicine, Budapest Department of Anatomy and Histology 24th September 2019 BONES OF THE THORACIC LIMB (OSSA MEMBRI THORACICI) FORELIMB (UPPER EXTREMITY): composed of: 1. THORACIC (SCHOULDER) GIRDLE (CINGULUM MEMBRI THORACIS) 2. BRACHIUM (UPPER ARM, STYLOPODIUM) 3. ANTEBRACHIUM (FOREARM, ZEUGOPODIUM) 4. MANUS (HAND, AUTOPODIUM) https://veteriankey.com/canine-anatomy/ THORACIC (SHOULDER) GIRDLE (CINGULUM MEMBRI THORACIS) - unites the thoracic limb to the trunk consists of: 1. the coracoid 2. the clavicle 3. the scapula THORACIC GIRDLE (CINGULUM MEMBRI THORACIS) 1. CORACOID: - reduced to the CORACOID PROCESS (PROC. CORACOIDEUS) PROC. CORACOIDUES: - lies medially on the supraglenoid tubercle Eq. THORACIC GIRDLE (CINGULUM MEMBRI THORACIS) 2. CLAVICLE: - reduced - embedded in the brachiocephalic muscle - CLAVICULAR INTERSECTION https://petmassage.com/wp-content/uploads/Brachiocephalic- Muscles-in-Canines-by-Nichollette-Bond-2015-12-08.pdf http://vanat.cvm.umn.edu/carnLabs/Lab01/Img1-11.html THORACIC GIRDLE (CINGULUM MEMBRI THORACIS) 3. SCAPULA: - irregularly triangular plate - its long axis directed cranioventrally http://vanat.cvm.umn.edu/ungDissect/Lab09/Img9-1.html THORACIC GIRDLE (CINGULUM MEMBRI THORACIS) 3. PARTS OF THE SCAPULA: a. MARGO DORSALIS: • proximal border • adjacent to the vertebral column Right scapula of dog,A. lateral, B. medial aspect, left scapula of a small ruminant C. lateral aspectand a pig D. lateral aspect THORACIC GIRDLE (CINGULUM MEMBRI THORACIS) 3. PARTS OF THE SCAPULA: a. MARGO DORSALIS: • carries the scapular cartilage (CARTILAGO SCAPULAE) Eq. https://www.slideshare.net/joanelf/skeletal-structure-of-the-equine-forelimb THORACIC GIRDLE (CINGULUM MEMBRI THORACIS) 3. PARTS OF THE SCAPULA: CARTILAGO SCAPULAE (scapular cartilage): - a shock absorber - well developed in ungulates - in carnivores a narrow rim Eq. https://www.slideshare.net/joanelf/skeletal-structure-of-the-equine-forelimb THORACIC GIRDLE (CINGULUM MEMBRI THORACIS) 3. PARTS OF THE SCAPULA: b. ANGULUS CRANIALIS (cranial angle): c. MARGO CRANIALIS (cranial border) d. ANGULUS CAUDALIS (caudal angle) e. MARGO CAUDALIS (caudal border) Eq. Angulus cranialis Margo cranialis Right scapula of dog ,A. lateral, B. medial aspect, THORACIC GIRDLE (CINGULUM MEMBRI THORACIS) 3. PARTS OF THE SCAPULA: f. ANGULUS VENTRALIS (ventral angle): - formed by the margo cranialis et caudalis Eq. Angulus ventralis THORACIC GIRDLE (CINGULUM MEMBRI THORACIS) 3. PARTS OF THE SCAPULA: g. CAVITAS GLENOIDALIS (glenoid cavity): - situated at the angulus ventralis - articulates with the head of the humerus to form the shoulder joint Right scapula of dog ,A. lateral, B. medial aspect, THORACIC GIRDLE (CINGULUM MEMBRI THORACIS) 3. PARTS OF THE SCAPULA: INCISURA GLENOIDALIS: - in Eq. - craniomedial notch in the glenoid cavity https://www.horsetalk.co.nz/2019/08/03/boning-up-anatomy-plastic-horse-bones/ https://www.slideshare.net/joanelf/skeletal-structure-of-the-equine-forelimb THORACIC GIRDLE (CINGULUM MEMBRI THORACIS) 3. PARTS OF THE SCAPULA: h. FACIES LATERLAIS i. SPINA SCAPULAE (scapular spine): - on the lateral surface - divides the lateral surface into two depressions: https://www.slideshare.net/joanelf/skeletal-structure-of-the-equine-forelimb 1. FOSSA SUPRASPINARA: – cranial 1. FOSSA INFRASPINATA: - caudal Right scapula of dog ,A. lateral aspect, left scapula of a small ruminant C. lateral aspect THORACIC GIRDLE (CINGULUM MEMBRI THORACIS) 3. PARTS OF THE SCAPULA: j. TUBER SPINAE SCAPULAE: - in Su, Eq - on its middle third http://vanat.cvm.umn.edu/ungDissect/Lab01/Img1-1.html left scapula of a pig D. lateral aspect THORACIC GIRDLE (CINGULUM MEMBRI THORACIS) 3. PARTS OF THE SCAPULA: k. ACROMION: - near the shoulder joint the scapular spine forms the acromion - in Ca, Bo https://www.slideshare.net/VetAbdulrhmanSubhi/short-notes-in-dog-skeleton https://www.slideserve.com/tacey/ruminants-anatomy THORACIC GIRDLE (CINGULUM MEMBRI THORACIS) 3. PARTS OF THE SCAPULA: k. ACROMION extended: 1. IN DOG by PROC. HAMATUS 2. IN CAT by PROC. SUPRAHAMATUS https://kohlibri.e-bookshelf.de/products/reading-epub/product- id/655243/title/Anatomy+and+Physiology+for+Veterinary+Technicians+and+Nurses.html Right scapula of dog ,A. lateral aspect, THORACIC GIRDLE (CINGULUM MEMBRI THORACIS) 3. PARTS OF THE SCAPULA: l. FACIES COSTALIS: 1. excavated – to form the FOSSA SUBSCAPULARIS 2. presents proximally the FACIES SERRATA (roughened area) - insertion of the musculus serratus ventralis Right scapula of dog , B. medial aspect, https://hu.pinterest.com/pin/487092515943987565/ THORACIC GIRDLE (CINGULUM MEMBRI THORACIS) 3. PARTS OF THE SCAPULA: m. COLLUM SCAPULAE: - distally - the cranial border is notched – INCISURA SCPAULAE Incisura scapulae Right scapula of dog ,A. lateral aspect, Right scapula of dog, B. medial aspect, left scapula of a pig D. lateral aspect THORACIC GIRDLE (CINGULUM MEMBRI THORACIS) 3. PARTS OF THE SCAPULA: n. TUBERCULUM SUPRAGLENOIDALE - projects forward o. PROCESSUS CORACOIDEUS - lies medially on the supraglenoid tubercle Eq. https://www.slideshare.net/joanelf/skeletal-structure-of-the-equine-forelimb https://hu.pinterest.com/pin/487092515943987565/ THORACIC GIRDLE (CINGULUM MEMBRI THORACIS) 3. PARTS OF THE SCAPULA: p. TUBERCULUM INFRAGLENOIDALE - in Ca Tuberculum infraglenoidale Right scapula of dog , B. medial aspect, https://www.slideshare.net/VetAbdulrhmanSubhi/short-notes-in-dog-skeleton SKELETON OF UPPER LIMB 1. UPPER ARM (BRACHIUM) – formed by a single bone, the HUMERUS https://www.slideshare.net/AsadAbdulHannan/comp arative-anatomy-of-forelimb-of-camel-ox-and-horse https://www.studyblue.com/notes/note/n/parts Ca. -of-the-canine-humerus/deck/1571886 http://vanat.cvm.umn.edu/ungDissect/Lab01/Img1-2.html SKELETON OF UPPER LIMB HUMERUS: - a long bone proximal consists of: 1. a PROXIMAL EPIPHYSIS 2. a DISTAL EPIPHYSIS 3. a SHAFT (DIAPHYSIS, CORPUS HUMERI) distal https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Epiphysis SKELETON OF UPPER LIMB HUMERUS: 1. PROXIMAL EPIPHYSIS presents: a. THE CAPUT HUMERI (HEAD OF THE HUMERUS) - dorsally b. COLLUM HUMERI (NECK OF THE HUMERUS) - separates the head from the body https://www.slideshare.net/AsadAbdulHannan/comp arative-anatomy-of-forelimb-of-camel-ox-and-horse Left humerus of the horse A. caudal aspect http://vanat.cvm.umn.edu/ungDissect/Lab01/Img1-2.html SKELETON OF UPPER LIMB HUMERUS: 1. PROXIMAL EPIPHYSIS presents: c. TUBERCULUM MAJUS (GREATER TUBERCLE) – cranioventrally Left humerus of a dog, A. lateral, B. medial aspect SKELETON OF UPPER LIMB HUMERUS: 1. PROXIMAL EPIPHYSIS presents: c. TUBERCULUM MAJUS (GREATER TUBERCLE) 1. PARS CRANIALIS - in Eq, Bo. Su 2. PARS CAUDALIS: - in Eq, Bo. Su Tuberculum majus Tuberculum minus Pars cranialis Pars caudalis Tuberculum minus Pars cranialis Pars caudalis Sulcus inter- tubercularis caput Left humerus of a horse C. lateral aspects Bo. SKELETON OF UPPER LIMB HUMERUS: 1. PROXIMAL EPIPHYSIS presents: CRISTA TUBERCULI MAJORIS: - runs from the cranial border of the gerater tubercle to the cranial surface of the shaft - on lateral aspect - muscle attachment https://web.wpi.edu/Pubs/E-project/Available/E-project-042711- 114137/unrestricted/INTERNAL_SPLINT_FOR_FRACTURE_FIXATION_IN_CANINES.pdf SKELETON OF UPPER LIMB HUMERUS: 1. PROXIMAL EPIPHYSIS presents: d. TUBERCULUM MINUS (LESSER TUBERCLE) - craniomedially Left humerus of a dog, A. lateral, B. medial aspect SKELETON OF UPPER LIMB HUMERUS: 1. PROXIMAL EPIPHYSIS presents: d. TUBERCULUM MINUS (MINOR TUBERCLE) - craniomedially 1. PARS CRANIALIS - in Eq, Bo. 2. PARS CAUDALIS: - in Eq, Bo. Tuberculum majus Tuberculum minus Pars cranialis Pars caudalis Tuberculum minus Pars cranialis Pars caudalis Sulcus inter- tubercularis caput http://vanat.cvm.umn.edu/ungDissect/Lab01/Img1-2.html Bo. SKELETON OF UPPER LIMB HUMERUS: 1. PROXIMAL EPIPHYSIS presents: e. SULCUS INTERTUBERCULARIS: - separates the tuberculum majus from the tuberculum minus - passage of the tendon of the musculus biceps brachii Bo. Tuberculum majus Tuberculum minus Pars cranialis Pars caudalis Tuberculum minus Pars cranialis Pars caudalis Sulcus inter- tubercularis caput https://www.slideshare.net/AsadAbdulHannan/comp arative-anatomy-of-forelimb-of-camel-ox-and-horse SKELETON OF UPPER LIMB HUMERUS: 1. PROXIMAL EPIPHYSIS presents: TUBERCULUM INTERMEDIUM: - in Eq - - well developed sagittal ridge - divides the intertubercular sulcus Left humerus of a horse B. caudal aspect http://vanat.cvm.umn.edu/ungDissect/Lab01/Img1-2.html SKELETON OF UPPER LIMB HUMERUS: 1. PROXIMAL EPIPHYSIS presents: f. FACIES MUSCULI INFRASPINATI: - attachemnt for the musclus infraspinatus - laterally and distal to the greater tubercle Left humerus of a dog, A. lateral aspect Left humerus of a horse C. lateral aspects SKELETON OF UPPER LIMB HUMERUS: 2. CORPUS HUMERI presents: a. TUBEROSITAS DELTOIDEA - laterally - in the proximal third of the shaft - attachement for the musculus deltoideus Left humerus of a horse, A. caudal, B. cranial aspect Left humerus of a horse C. lateral aspects Left humerus of a dog, A. lateral aspect SKELETON OF UPPER LIMB HUMERUS: 2. CORPUS HUMERI presents: a. TUBEROSITAS DELTOIDEA - distally the tuberositas continous as the CRISTA HUMERI (humeral crest) Crista humeri Left humerus of a horse, B. cranial aspect Left humerus of a dog, A. lateral aspect http://www.boneid.net/product/horse-equus-caballus-left-humerus-lateral-view/ SKELETON OF UPPER LIMB HUMERUS: 2. CORPUS HUMERI presents: a. TUBEROSITAS DELTOIDEA - proximocaudally
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    Shoulder Pectoral girdle (shoulder girdle) Scapula Acromioclavicular joint proximal end of Humerus Clavicle Sternoclavicular joint Bone: Upper limb - 1 Scapula Coracoid proc. 3 angles Superior Inferior Lateral 3 borders Lateral angle Medial Lateral Superior 2 surfaces 3 processes Posterior view: Acromion Right Scapula Spine Coracoid Bone: Upper limb - 2 Scapula 2 surfaces: Costal (Anterior), Posterior Posterior view: Costal (Anterior) view: Right Scapula Right Scapula Bone: Upper limb - 3 Scapula Glenoid cavity: Glenohumeral joint Lateral view: Infraglenoid tubercle Right Scapula Supraglenoid tubercle posterior anterior Bone: Upper limb - 4 Scapula Supraglenoid tubercle: long head of biceps Anterior view: brachii Right Scapula Bone: Upper limb - 5 Scapula Infraglenoid tubercle: long head of triceps brachii Anterior view: Right Scapula (with biceps brachii removed) Bone: Upper limb - 6 Posterior surface of Scapula, Right Acromion; Spine; Spinoglenoid notch Suprspinatous fossa, Infraspinatous fossa Bone: Upper limb - 7 Costal (Anterior) surface of Scapula, Right Subscapular fossa: Shallow concave surface for subscapularis Bone: Upper limb - 8 Superior border Coracoid process Suprascapular notch Suprascapular nerve Posterior view: Right Scapula Bone: Upper limb - 9 Acromial Clavicle end Sternal end S-shaped Acromial end: smaller, oval facet Sternal end: larger,quadrangular facet, with manubrium, 1st rib Conoid tubercle Trapezoid line Right Clavicle Bone: Upper limb - 10 Clavicle Conoid tubercle: inferior
  • Trapezius Origin: Occipital Bone, Ligamentum Nuchae & Spinous Processes of Thoracic Vertebrae Insertion: Clavicle and Scapul

    Trapezius Origin: Occipital Bone, Ligamentum Nuchae & Spinous Processes of Thoracic Vertebrae Insertion: Clavicle and Scapul

    Origin: occipital bone, ligamentum nuchae & spinous processes of thoracic vertebrae Insertion: clavicle and scapula (acromion Trapezius and scapular spine) Action: elevate, retract, depress, or rotate scapula upward and/or elevate clavicle; extend neck Origin: spinous process of vertebrae C7-T1 Rhomboideus Insertion: vertebral border of scapula Minor Action: adducts & performs downward rotation of scapula Origin: spinous process of superior thoracic vertebrae Rhomboideus Insertion: vertebral border of scapula from Major spine to inferior angle Action: adducts and downward rotation of scapula Origin: transverse precesses of C1-C4 vertebrae Levator Scapulae Insertion: vertebral border of scapula near superior angle Action: elevates scapula Origin: anterior and superior margins of ribs 1-8 or 1-9 Insertion: anterior surface of vertebral Serratus Anterior border of scapula Action: protracts shoulder: rotates scapula so glenoid cavity moves upward rotation Origin: anterior surfaces and superior margins of ribs 3-5 Insertion: coracoid process of scapula Pectoralis Minor Action: depresses & protracts shoulder, rotates scapula (glenoid cavity rotates downward), elevates ribs Origin: supraspinous fossa of scapula Supraspinatus Insertion: greater tuberacle of humerus Action: abduction at the shoulder Origin: infraspinous fossa of scapula Infraspinatus Insertion: greater tubercle of humerus Action: lateral rotation at shoulder Origin: clavicle and scapula (acromion and adjacent scapular spine) Insertion: deltoid tuberosity of humerus Deltoid Action:
  • Analysis on the Acromial Curvature and Its Relationships with The

    Analysis on the Acromial Curvature and Its Relationships with The

    r e v b r a s o r t o p . 2 0 1 4;4 9(6):636–641 www.rbo.org.br Original article Analysis on the acromial curvature and its relationships with the subacromial space and ଝ,ଝଝ types of acromion a,b,∗ c José Aderval Aragão , Leonardo Passos Silva , b a Francisco Prado Reis , Camilla Sá dos Santos Menezes a Department of Morphology, Universidade Federal de Sergipe (UFS), Aracaju, SE, Brazil b Medical School, Universidade Tiradentes (UNIT), Aracaju, SE, Brazil c Orthopedics and Traumatology Service, Hospital Santa Casa de Belo Horizonte, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil a r t i c l e i n f o a b s t r a c t Article history: Objective: To correlate the acromial curvature, using the angles proposed, with the subacro- Received 13 September 2013 mial space and types of acromion. Accepted 24 October 2013 Methods: Ninety scapulas were studied. The acromia were classified as types I, II or III. The Available online 31 October 2014 acromial curvature was analyzed by means of the alpha, beta and theta angles. We also measured the distance between the anteroinferior extremity of the acromion and the supra- Keywords: glenoid tubercle (DA). The scapulas were grouped in relation to sex and age. The angles proposed were analyzed in relation to each type of acromion and also in relation to the Acromion/anatomy & histology Shoulder collision syndrome measurements of the distance DA. Rotator cuff Results: Out of the total number of acromia, 39 (43.3%) were type I, 43 (47.7%) type II and eight (9%) type III.