News Release ______

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

News Release ______ News Release _________________________________________________________________________________________________________ FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE: Contact: Kevin Kerstein Publicity Manager Churchill Downs Racetrack (610) 420-6971 (mobile) (502) 635-4712 (office) [email protected] JUSTIFY BREEZES FIVE FURLONGS IN 1:01.40 FOR BELMONT STAKES; SCHEUDLED TO DEPART BARN 33 FOR NEW YORK ON WEDNESDAY AT 8 A.M. ET LOUISVILLE, Ky. (Monday, June 4, 2018) – Under sunny skies and a comfortable 63 degrees, undefeated Kentucky Derby (Grade I) and Preakness Stakes (GI) winner Justify completed his serious preparations for Saturday’s $1.5 million Belmont Stakes (GI) with a five-furlong breeze over a “fast” Churchill Downs track in 1:01.40 with Martin Garcia in the saddle. With a few hundred spectators on hand, WinStar Farm , China Horse Club , Head of Plains Partners and Starlight Racing ’s colt came onto the track at 7:30 a.m. (all times Eastern) during a special 10-minute training period for locally-based Belmont Stakes contenders. Justify broke away from the stable pony Sunny and trainer Bob Baffert ’s chief assistant Jimmy Barnes at the 4 ½- furlong pole and began his breeze at the half-mile marker through splits of :12.80, :24.80, :37 and :48.80 before galloping out six furlongs in 1:13.60 and seven-eighths of a mile in 1:27.20. “It was a really nice breeze and exactly what we were looking for,” Baffert said. “He relaxed nicely and seemed very happy. Martin was very happy with him as well so I was happy, too. He was a little fresh earlier in the week so it was good to see him relax nicely.” Immediately following Justify’s work, stablemate and fellow Belmont Stakes contender, Wood Memorial (GII) third Restoring Hope , breezed six furlongs in 1:13 under jockey Florent Geroux (splits: :12.60, :24.40, :36.20, :48.40 and 1:00.20 with a gallop out of 1:26.40). “Restoring Hope went really well,” Baffert said. “He’s always been a really good work horse. He’s sort of a one-paced horse. He went a little faster than Justify but I thought overall the work was very good.” Justify and Restoring Hope are scheduled to make the two-hour flight to New York on Wednesday from Louisville and will leave Churchill Downs’ Barn 33 between 8-8:30 a.m. Only 12 horses have swept the Triple Crown: Sir Barton (1919), Gallant Fox (1930), Omaha (1935), War Admiral (1937), Whirlaway (1941), Count Fleet (1943), Assault (1946), Citation (1948), Secretariat (1973), Seattle Slew (1977), Affirmed (1978) and, most recently, the Baffert-trained American Pharoah (2015). “I think the Triple Crown brings a lot more people into the game,” Baffert said. “It also brings a lot of new owners. I saw a lot of new faces in the game after Pharoah won the Triple Crown. It’s no walk in the park to win but it’s very important to our sport when we have a Triple Crown possibility on the line.” Regular jockey Mike Smith is scheduled to ride Justify in the Belmont Stakes while Geroux has the call on Restoring Hope. “Mike, just like any other rider, has to have the horse underneath him to succeed,” Baffert said. “A good rider’s job is to keep the horse out of trouble and make split-second decisions if he needs to. Really the biggest part of the race is breaking cleanly from the gate. With Pharoah, he broke about one length slower than the field. It could’ve been a bad situation but he got into a good position early. After the gate break, you just have to see how the race plays out.” In other local Belmont Stakes news, Preakness runner-up Bravazo left trainer D. Wayne Lukas ’ Barn 44 early Monday morning via van to New York while Preakness third, Tenfold , jogged one mile following his five-furlong breeze in 1:01.60 Saturday at Churchill Downs. Breeders’ Futurity winner Free Drop Billy walked trainer Dale Romans ’ Barn 4 shedrow following his five-furlong move in :59.20 Sunday at Churchill Downs. Tenfold is scheduled to fly to New York on Tuesday and leave Churchill Downs at approximately 10:30 a.m. while Free Drop Billy is scheduled to join Justify and Restoring Hope on Wednesday’s flight. The Belmont Stakes field could possibly be comprised of the following 11 horses (with trainer): Blended Citizen (Doug O’Neill), Bravazo (Lukas), Free Drop Billy (Romans), Gronkowski (Chad Brown), Hofburg (Bill Mott), Justify (Baffert), Noble Indy (Todd Pletcher), Restoring Hope (Baffert), Seahenge (Aidan O’Brien), Tenfold (Asmussen) and Vino Rosso (Pletcher). To watch Justify and Restoring Hope’s breeze Monday visit: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1e2XMeabsNA . For complementary Belmont Stakes past performances courtesy of Brisnet.com, visit http://www.brisnet.com/wp- content/uploads/2018/05/BelmontStakes18.pdf . DOWN THE STRETCH – Following dark days Monday, Tuesday and Wednesday, racing at Churchill Downs resumes Thursday for an eight-race Twilight Thursday program that features a massive $408,781 carryover in the 20-cent Single 6 Jackpot which begins in Race 3 at approximately 5:58 p.m. Twilight Thursday also features $1 beer, local food trucks and live music from folk band Bridge 19 . Gates open at 4 p.m. with the first post at 5 p.m. For more information and to purchase tickets, visit www.churchilldowns.com . -END- .
Recommended publications
  • 138904 02 Classic.Pdf
    breeders’ cup CLASSIC BREEDERs’ Cup CLASSIC (GR. I) 30th Running Santa Anita Park $5,000,000 Guaranteed FOR THREE-YEAR-OLDS & UPWARD ONE MILE AND ONE-QUARTER Northern Hemisphere Three-Year-Olds, 122 lbs.; Older, 126 lbs.; Southern Hemisphere Three-Year-Olds, 117 lbs.; Older, 126 lbs. All Fillies and Mares allowed 3 lbs. Guaranteed $5 million purse including travel awards, of which 55% of all monies to the owner of the winner, 18% to second, 10% to third, 6% to fourth and 3% to fifth; plus travel awards to starters not based in California. The maximum number of starters for the Breeders’ Cup Classic will be limited to fourteen (14). If more than fourteen (14) horses pre-enter, selection will be determined by a combination of Breeders’ Cup Challenge winners, Graded Stakes Dirt points and the Breeders’ Cup Racing Secretaries and Directors panel. Please refer to the 2013 Breeders’ Cup World Championships Horsemen’s Information Guide (available upon request) for more information. Nominated Horses Breeders’ Cup Racing Office Pre-Entry Fee: 1% of purse Santa Anita Park Entry Fee: 1% of purse 285 W. Huntington Dr. Arcadia, CA 91007 Phone: (859) 514-9422 To Be Run Saturday, November 2, 2013 Fax: (859) 514-9432 Pre-Entries Close Monday, October 21, 2013 E-mail: [email protected] Pre-entries for the Breeders' Cup Classic (G1) Horse Owner Trainer Declaration of War Mrs. John Magnier, Michael Tabor, Derrick Smith & Joseph Allen Aidan P. O'Brien B.c.4 War Front - Tempo West by Rahy - Bred in Kentucky by Joseph Allen Flat Out Preston Stables, LLC William I.
    [Show full text]
  • Aqueduct Racetrack Is “The Big Race Place”
    Table of Contents Chapter 1: Welcome to The New York Racing Association ......................................................3 Chapter 2: My NYRA by Richard Migliore ................................................................................6 Chapter 3: At Belmont Park, Nothing Matters but the Horse and the Test at Hand .............7 Chapter 4: The Belmont Stakes: Heartbeat of Racing, Heartbeat of New York ......................9 Chapter 5: Against the Odds, Saratoga Gets a Race Course for the Ages ............................11 Chapter 6: Day in the Life of a Jockey: Bill Hartack - 1964 ....................................................13 Chapter 7: Day in the Life of a Jockey: Taylor Rice - Today ...................................................14 Chapter 8: In The Travers Stakes, There is No “Typical” .........................................................15 Chapter 9: Our Culture: What Makes Us Special ....................................................................18 Chapter 10: Aqueduct Racetrack is “The Big Race Place” .........................................................20 Chapter 11: NYRA Goes to the Movies .......................................................................................22 Chapter 12: Building a Bright Future ..........................................................................................24 Contributors ................................................................................................................26 Chapter 1 Welcome to The New York Racing Association On a
    [Show full text]
  • Governor Andrew M. Cuomo to Proclaim MEMORIALIZING June 5
    Assembly Resolution No. 347 BY: M. of A. Solages MEMORIALIZING Governor Andrew M. Cuomo to proclaim June 5, 2021, as Belmont Stakes Day in the State of New York, and commending the New York Racing Association upon the occasion of the 152nd running of the Belmont Stakes WHEREAS, The Belmont Stakes is one of the most important sporting events in New York State; it is the conclusion of thoroughbred racing's prestigious three-contest Triple Crown; and WHEREAS, Preceded by the Kentucky Derby and Preakness Stakes, the Belmont Stakes is nicknamed the "Test of the Champion" due to its grueling mile and a half distance; and WHEREAS, The Triple Crown has only been completed 12 times; the 12 horses to accomplish this historic feat are: Sir Barton, 1919; Gallant Fox, 1930; Omaha, 1935; War Admiral, 1937; Whirlaway, 1941; Count Fleet, 1943; Assault, 1946; Citation, 1948; Secretariat, 1973; Seattle Slew, 1977; Affirmed, 1978; and American Pharoah, 2015; and WHEREAS, The Belmont Stakes has drawn some of the largest sporting event crowds in New York history, including 120,139 people for the 2004 running of the race; and WHEREAS, This historic event draws tens of thousands of horse racing fans annually to Belmont Park and generates millions of dollars for New York State's economy; and WHEREAS, The Belmont Stakes is shown to a national television audience of millions of people on network television; and WHEREAS, The Belmont Stakes is named after August Belmont I, a financier who made a fortune in banking in the middle to late 1800s; he also branched out
    [Show full text]
  • WILL HE >JUSTIFY= the HYPE?
    SATURDAY, APRIL 7, 2018 BLUE GRASS COULD BE WHITE OUT WILL HE >JUSTIFY= Assuming a potential snowstorm Friday night doesn=t put a THE HYPE? damper on things, a full field is set to go postward in Saturday=s GII Toyota Blue Grass S. The conversation about contenders must start with $1-million KEESEP yearling Good Magic (Curlin), who broke his maiden emphatically in the GI Breeders= Cup Juvenile at Del Mar en route to Eclipse Award honors. Heavily favored in the GII Xpressbet Fountain of Youth on seasonal debut at Gulfstream Mar. 3, he settled for a non-threatening third with no obvious excuse. Flameaway (Scat Daddy), second in the Mar. 10 GII Tampa Bay Derby behind expected scratch Quip (Distorted Humor) after annexing the GIII Sam F. Davis S. there in February, took a rained-off renewal of the GIII Bourbon S. in the Keeneland slop last October. Cont. p3 Justify | Benoit Photo IN TDN EUROPE TODAY ASTUTE AGENT HAS GLOBAL PERSPECTIVE >TDN Rising Star= Justify (Scat Daddy), almost certainly the Kelsey Riley sat down with Australia based Frenchman most highly regarded horse in the world to have not yet taken Louis Le Metayer to get his thoughts on various aspects of on stakes company, will get his class test on Saturday when he the Australian racing scene. Click or tap here to go straight faces the likes of MGISW Bolt d=Oro (Medaglia d=Oro) in the to TDN Europe. GI Santa Anita Derby. A 9 1/2-length jaw-dropping debut winner going seven panels here Feb.
    [Show full text]
  • MJC Media Guide
    2021 MEDIA GUIDE 2021 PIMLICO/LAUREL MEDIA GUIDE Table of Contents Staff Directory & Bios . 2-4 Maryland Jockey Club History . 5-22 2020 In Review . 23-27 Trainers . 28-54 Jockeys . 55-74 Graded Stakes Races . 75-92 Maryland Million . 91-92 Credits Racing Dates Editor LAUREL PARK . January 1 - March 21 David Joseph LAUREL PARK . April 8 - May 2 Phil Janack PIMLICO . May 6 - May 31 LAUREL PARK . .. June 4 - August 22 Contributors Clayton Beck LAUREL PARK . .. September 10 - December 31 Photographs Jim McCue Special Events Jim Duley BLACK-EYED SUSAN DAY . Friday, May 14, 2021 Matt Ryb PREAKNESS DAY . Saturday, May 15, 2021 (Cover photo) MARYLAND MILLION DAY . Saturday, October 23, 2021 Racing dates are subject to change . Media Relations Contacts 301-725-0400 Statistics and charts provided by Equibase and The Daily David Joseph, x5461 Racing Form . Copyright © 2017 Vice President of Communications/Media reproduced with permission of copyright owners . Dave Rodman, Track Announcer x5530 Keith Feustle, Handicapper x5541 Jim McCue, Track Photographer x5529 Mission Statement The Maryland Jockey Club is dedicated to presenting the great sport of Thoroughbred racing as the centerpiece of a high-quality entertainment experience providing fun and excitement in an inviting and friendly atmosphere for people of all ages . 1 THE MARYLAND JOCKEY CLUB Laurel Racing Assoc. Inc. • P.O. Box 130 •Laurel, Maryland 20725 301-725-0400 • www.laurelpark.com EXECUTIVE OFFICIALS STATE OF MARYLAND Sal Sinatra President and General Manager Lawrence J. Hogan, Jr., Governor Douglas J. Illig Senior Vice President and Chief Financial Officer Tim Luzius Senior Vice President and Assistant General Manager Boyd K.
    [Show full text]
  • Gimme Da Lute Over Prospect Park in Los Alamitos Derby
    Gimme Da Lute over Prospect Park in Los Alamitos Derby or the second time in less than one month, Gimme Da Lute got the better of Prospect Park, holding off his rival by a nose to win the Grade II, $350,000 Los Alamitos Derby Saturday.The 1-2 finishers in the Grade III Affirmed Stakes FJune 7 at Santa Anita dominated the Derby, finishing nearly eight lengths in front of pacesetter and 2-5 favorite Kentuckian. Trained by Hall of Famer Bob Baffert for owner-breed- ers Mike Pegram, Karl Watson and Paul Weitman, Gimme Da Lute, a 3-year-old son of Midnight Lute and the Proud Citizen mare Casino Gold, tracked the leader for most of the 1 1/8 miles, got the lead entering the long stretch and scored under jockey Martin Garcia as the 3-1 second choice. The win in 1:47.09 was the fourth in seven starts for Gimme Da Lute and the $210,000 payday increased his bankroll to $457,560. He paid $8.60 and $4.20.The place price on Prospect Park, the 7-2 third choice, was $4.20. There was no show wagering. Although Gimme Da Lute had started his career win- Gimme Da Lute holds off Prospect Park ning two of three races at 5 ½ and 6 ½ furlongs, Baffert said he realized after the Affirmed - which is run at 1 1/16 miles - the colt had wanted more distance all along. "After he won last time, I could tell he was craving more distance,'' said Baffert.
    [Show full text]
  • A Theological Reading of the Gideon-Abimelech Narrative
    YAHWEH vERsus BAALISM A THEOLOGICAL READING OF THE GIDEON-ABIMELECH NARRATIVE WOLFGANG BLUEDORN A thesis submitted to Cheltenham and Gloucester College of Higher Education in accordance with the requirements of the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the Faculty of Arts & Humanities April 1999 ABSTRACT This study attemptsto describethe contribution of the Abimelech narrative for the theologyof Judges.It is claimedthat the Gideonnarrative and the Abimelechnarrative need to be viewed as one narrative that focuseson the demonstrationof YHWH'S superiority over Baalism, and that the deliverance from the Midianites in the Gideon narrative, Abimelech's kingship, and the theme of retribution in the Abimelech narrative serve as the tangible matter by which the abstracttheological theme becomesnarratable. The introduction to the Gideon narrative, which focuses on Israel's idolatry in a previously unparalleled way in Judges,anticipates a theological narrative to demonstrate that YHWH is god. YHwH's prophet defines the general theological background and theme for the narrative by accusing Israel of having abandonedYHwH despite his deeds in their history and having worshipped foreign gods instead. YHWH calls Gideon to demolish the idolatrous objects of Baalism in response, so that Baalism becomes an example of any idolatrous cult. Joash as the representativeof Baalism specifies the defined theme by proposing that whichever god demonstrateshis divine power shall be recognised as god. The following episodesof the battle against the Midianites contrast Gideon's inadequateresources with his selfish attempt to be honoured for the victory, assignthe victory to YHWH,who remains in control and who thus demonstrateshis divine power, and show that Baal is not presentin the narrative.
    [Show full text]
  • The Derby Dispatch
    The Derby Dispatch Contacts: Darren Rogers (502) 636-4461(o), (502) 345-1030 (m) or [email protected] @DerbyMedia Kevin Kerstein (502) 635-4712 (o), (610) 420-6971 (m) or [email protected] @HorseRacingKK _________________________________________________________________________________________________________ GRADE I FLORIDA DERBY, BOOSTED Six-time Kentucky Derby-winning trainer Bob Baffert has JEFF RUBY STEAKS TOP JAM-PACKED sent Spielberg to Florida from California, thus making the Grade II-winning colt the first Florida Derby starter ever for ROAD TO KENTUCKY DERBY SATURDAY the Hall of Fame trainer. A distant fourth in the Robert B. Lewis (GIII) in his season debut, the Union Rags colt fared LOUISVILLE, Ky. (Thursday, March 25, 2021) – Saturday better last time when a clear second to champion Essential will arguably be one of the most action-packed days thus far Quality in the Southwest (GIII), although he was caught flat- on the Road to Kentucky Derby 147 with a quartet of footed at the start. qualifying races across the globe led by the $800,000 Florida “He’s had a lot of races,” Baffert said. “Once in a while he’ll Derby (Grade I) at Gulfstream Park and the $250,000 Jeff run a flat race. He’s doing well and I think he will like the mile Ruby Steaks (GIII) at Turfway Park. Both races will award the and an eighth. He sort of comes running, but he’s got to ship winner 100 qualifying points to the first Saturday in May. The well and behave himself. And he’s got to break well. He can’t runner-up will receive 40 points while the third and fourth- break like he did the last time.” place finishers, respectively, will receive 20 and 10 points.
    [Show full text]
  • Study Materials for 2013 Session 21 – July 23, 2013 – 8:30 Pm ET Topic: “Jersey Shore Edition” Haskell/Hambletonian Previews
    Study Materials for 2013 Session 21 – July 23, 2013 – 8:30 pm ET Topic: “Jersey Shore Edition” Haskell/Hambletonian Previews HAMBLETONIAN RACE HISTORY SINCE 1990 The Skinny … Locale: Meadowlands, East Rutherford, NJ Year Winner Driver Time Date: Saturday, August 3 1990 Harmonious John Campbell 1:54 1/5 Introduced: 1926, 88th edition in 2013 Purse: $1.2 million 1991 Giant Victory Jack Moiseyev 1:54 4/5 Gates Open: 10 am 1992 Alf Palema Mickey McNichol 1:56 2/5 First Race Post: 11:50 am 1993 American Winner Ron Pierce 1:53 1/5 Television: CBS Sports Network, 3:30-5pET, 1994 Victory Dream Mike Lachance 1:54 1/5 hosted by Gary Seibel, Dave Brower, 1995 Tagliabue John Campbell 1:54 4/5 Justin Horowitz and Ken Warkentin 1996 Continentalvictory Mike Lachance 1:52 4/5 Trotting Triple Crown Consists Of … 1997 Malabar Man Mal Burroughs 1:55 - Yonkers Trot (Yonkers) 1998 Muscles Yankee John Campbell 1:52 2/5 - Hambletonian (Meadowlands) 1999 Self Possessed Mike Lachance 1:51 3/5 - Kentucky Futurity (Red Mile) 2000 Yankee Paco Trevor Ritchie 1:53 2/5 8 horses have won Trotting Triple Crown, the most recent Glidemaster in 2006. 2001 Scarlet Knight Stefan Melander 1:53 4/5 2002 Chip Chip Hooray Eric Ledford 1:53 3/5 Heat Racing Returns! 2003 Amigo Hall Mike LaChance 1:54 2013 marks the return to Hambletonian heat 2004 Windsong's Legacy Trond Smedshammer 1:54 1/5 races, not utilized since 1996. Since then 2005 Vivid Photo Roger Hammer 1:52 3/5 eliminations have been used to determine the field, now same-day heat racing will 2006 Glidemaster John Campbell 1:51 1/5 challenge the Hambletonian champion to 2007 Donato Hanover Ron Pierce 1:53 1/5 register not one, but two, wins.
    [Show full text]
  • Santa Anita Derby
    $$750,0001,0000,000 SANTA ANITA HANDICAP SANTA ANITA DERBY GAME ON DUDE Dear Member of the Media: Now in its 78th year of Thoroughbred racing, Santa Anita is proud to have hosted many of the sport’s greatest moments. Although the names of its historic human and horse heroes may have changed in the SANTA ANITA HANDICAP past seven decades of racing, Santa Anita’s prominence in the sport $1,000,000 Guaranteed (Grade I) remains constant. Saturday, March 7, 2015 • Seventy-Eighth Running This year, Santa Anita will present the 78th edition of one of rac- Gross Purse: $1,000,000 Winner’s Share: $600,000 Other Awards: $200,000 second; $120,000 third; $50,000 fourth; $20,000 fifth ing’s premier races — the $1,000,000 Santa Anita Handicap on Saturday, Distance: One and one-quarter miles on the main track March 7. Nominations: Close February 21, 2015 at $100 each The historic Big ‘Cap was the nation’s first continually run $100,000 Supplementary nominations of $25,000 by 12 noon, Feb. 28, 2015 Track and American stakes race and has arguably had more impact on the progress of Dirt Record: 1:57 4/5, Spectacular Bid, 4 (Bill Shoemaker, 126, February 3, Thoroughbred racing than any other single event in the sport. The 1980, Charles H. Strub Stakes) importance of this race and many of its highlights are detailed by the Stakes Record: 1:58 3/5, Affirmed, 4 (Laffit Pincay Jr., 128, March 4, 1979) Gates Open: 10:00 a.m. esteemed sports journalist John Hall beginning on page 2.
    [Show full text]
  • Testimony of Marty Irby Executive Director Animal Wellness Action Before the U.S
    Testimony of Marty Irby Executive Director Animal Wellness Action before the U.S. House Subcommittee on Commerce and Consumer Protection H.R. 1754, "The Horseracing Integrity Act" January 28, 2020 On behalf of Animal Wellness Action, one of the nation's leading animal protection organizations on Capitol Hill, I submit this testimony in support of H.R. 1754, the Horseracing Integrity Act. I express my sincere thanks to Chair Jan Schakowsky and Ranking Member Cathy McMorris Rodgers for conducting this hearing and offer special thanks to Representatives Paul Tonko, and, Andy Barr for introducing this reform effort. I also express thanks to Energy and Commerce Committee Chair Frank Pallone and Ranking Member Greg Walden for their participation in this process. This hearing builds on the testimony and other information gathered during the 2018 hearing conducted before the Subcommittee on H.R. 2651 in the 115th Congress. I first want to underscore that Animal Wellness Action does not oppose horseracing. We join with many horse owners, breeders, trainers, and racing enthusiasts in speaking out on the broader topic of the protection of horses within the American horseracing industry and across the greater equine world. We seek to promote the proper stewardship of horses at every stage of their lives, including during their racing careers. We are deeply concerned about on- and off- track risks to the horses, including catastrophic injuries sustained during racing. America was built on the backs of horses, and they have always played a central role in the economy and culture of the United States. We owe them a debt of gratitude, and the very least we must do is ensure their safety, welfare, and protection.
    [Show full text]
  • Three Theories of Just War: Understanding Warfare As a Social Tool Through Comparative Analysis of Western, Chinese, and Islamic Classical Theories of War
    THREE THEORIES OF JUST WAR: UNDERSTANDING WARFARE AS A SOCIAL TOOL THROUGH COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF WESTERN, CHINESE, AND ISLAMIC CLASSICAL THEORIES OF WAR A THESIS SUBMITTED TO THE GRADUATE DIVISION OF THE UNIVERSITY OF HAWAI‘I AT MĀNOA IN PARTIAL FULFILMENT OF THE REQUIREMENT FOR THE DEGREE OF MASTER OF ARTS IN PHILOSOPHY MAY 2012 By Faruk Rahmanović Thesis Committee: Tamara Albertini, Chairperson Roger T. Ames James D. Frankel Brien Hallett Keywords: War, Just War, Augustine, Sunzi, Sun Bin, Jihad, Qur’an DEDICATION To my parents, Ahmet and Nidžara Rahmanović. To my wife, Majda, who continues to put up with me. To Professor Keith W. Krasemann, for teaching me to ask the right questions. And to Professor Martin J. Tracey, for his tireless commitment to my success. 1 ABSTRACT The purpose of this analysis was to discover the extent to which dictates of war theory ideals can be considered universal, by comparing the Western (European), Classical Chinese, and Islamic models. It also examined the contextual elements that drove war theory development within each civilization, and the impact of such elements on the differences arising in war theory comparison. These theories were chosen for their differences in major contextual elements, in order to limit the impact of contextual similarities on the war theories. The results revealed a great degree of similarities in the conception of warfare as a social tool of the state, utilized as a sometimes necessary, albeit tragic, means of establishing peace justice and harmony. What differences did arise, were relatively minor, and came primarily from the differing conceptions of morality and justice within each civilization – thus indicating a great degree of universality to the conception of warfare.
    [Show full text]