NOTRE DAME SEMINARY

GRADUATE SCHOOL OF THEOLOGY

SL 507 - Sacraments of Healing FALL 2014

Professor: Rev. Deogratias O. Ekisa S.T.D Phone: 504-866-7426 (x 113), Cell 261-7888 Email: [email protected] Office (Hours): SJ 100, by appointment Class Room: 4 Class Time: M W F 8.00-10.00 a.m.

I. Course Description The course is a study of the Sacraments of Penance and from a historical, theological, and pastoral perspective.

II. Course Rationale Sacramental celebrations are the central activity of priestly ministry. This course is offered to prepare the seminarians to understand the theology of the sacraments that they will be celebrating.

III. Course goals/Envisioned Outcomes 1. Students will develop an appreciation of the development of these sacraments into their present form. 2. Students will understand the theology of these sacraments so as to explain their necessity and value in the modern context. 3. Students will be able to integrate this theology of the sacraments with the ’s liturgical and canonical teachings with regard to Penance and Anointing of the Sick.

IV. Instructional Methods 1. Lectures to provide foundational material of the course 2. Class discussion on readings and class material 3. Written assignments to integrate the course material 4. Reading of assigned materials 2

V. RequiredTexts 1. Reference Texts: a. The Bible: Only the following approved translations can be used for this course: Revised Standard Version – Catholic Edition (RSV-CE) and New American Bible (NAB).1 b. Catechism of the c. The Christian Faith: In the Doctrinal Documents of the Catholic Church, edited by Jacques Dupuis. New York: Alba House, 2001. d. The of the Catholic Church: Volume One, published by The Liturgical Press, 1990. 2. Textbooks a. Reconciliatio et Paenitentia, Post-Synodal Apostolic Exhortation Reconciliation And Penance, of John Paul II (December 2, 1984). b. Gusmer, Charles. And You Visited Me: Sacramental Ministry to the Sick and Dying. Collegeville: The Liturgical Press, 1989. c. Martos, Joseph. Doors to the Sacred: A Historical Introduction to Sacraments in the Catholic Church. Liguori: Triumph, 2001.

VI. Bibliography 1. Adrias, Chris. Reconciliation: Celebrating God's Healing Forgiveness. Doubleday Image Books, 1987. 2. Brennan, Patrick. Penance and Reconciliation. Chicago: Thomas More Press, 1986. 3. Coffey, David. The Sacrament of Reconciliation. Collegeville: The Liturgical Press, 2001. 4. Cooke, Bernard. Reconciled Sinners: Healing Human Brokenness. Mystic: Twenty-Third Publications, 1986. 5. Cuschieri, Andrew. Anointing of the Sick. Lanham: University Press of America, 1993. 6. Cuschieri, Andrew. The Sacrament of Reconciliation. Lanham: University Press of America, 1992. 7. Dallen, James. The Reconciling Community: The of Penance. Collegeville: The Liturgical Press, 1991. 8. Haffner, Paul. The Sacramental Mystery. Herefordshire: Gracewing, 2008. 9. Kasza, John. Understanding Sacramental Healing: Anointing and Viaticum. Chicago: Liturgical Training Publications, 2006.

1 The rationale for this selection is to have versions that are fit for scholarly use rather than those geared towards spiritual reading and other useful purposes such as the Jerusalem Bible and the Douay- Rheims.

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10. Larson-Miller, Lizette. The Sacrament of Anointing of the Sick. Collegeville: The Liturgical Press, 2005. 11. Osborne, Kenan. Reconciliation and Justification. Mahwah: Paulist Press, 1990. 12. Poschmann, Bernhard. Penance and the Anointing of the Sick. New York: Herder and Herder, 1964. 13. Tierney, Clement. The Sacrament of Penance and Reconciliation. New York: Costello, 1983. 14. The first student to send me an email by Labour Day containing the bibliographical information of any other good theological textbook on Penance or Anointing of the Sick will receive one bonus point on their final grade.

VII. Glossary of Philosophical and Theological Terms 1. Dimensions of a Sacrament a. Sacramentum tantum = (sign only) = the external rite of the sacrament b. Res et Sacramentum = (reality and sign) = the intermediate reality signified by the first sign which in turn is a sign of the ultimate reality c. Res tantum (Res Sacramenti) = (reality only) = the ultimate reality signified by the intermediate reality 2. Elements of a sacramental rite a. Form = the words of the sacramental rite that define the particular grace of the sacrament b. Matter = the material elements and actions used in the sacramental rite 3. Efficacy of a sacrament a. Opus operantis (ex opere operantis) = (from the work of the minister) = the efficacy of the ritual results from the devotion and faith of the minister or recipient. b. Opus operatum () = (“by the very fact of the action's being performed”) = the efficacy of the sacramental ritual results from the saving work of Christ himself and not by the worthiness of either the celebrant or the recipient (CCC 1148). 4. Genus and species of the sacrament a. Sign = a reality (signifier) that points to another reality (signified) b. Symbol = a reality (signifier) that points to another reality (signified) while making it present.

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c. Sacrament = “. . . efficacious signs of grace, instituted by Christ and entrusted to the Church, by which divine life is dispensed to us. The visible rites by which the sacraments are celebrated signify and make present the graces to each sacrament. They bear fruit in those who receive them with the required dispositions” (CCC 1131).

VIII. Lecture, Presentation and Reading Schedule

Catechism Date Lecture topic Handouts Gusmar Martos ## Introduction to Course and Mon Oct-29 Introduction to Sacraments of XXX XXX XXX XXX Healing

Wed Oct-30 Introduction to Penance 1420-1498 R&P 1-4

Fri Nov-01 No Class - Day of Recollection 1427- Poschman Mon Nov-04 Penance in the Scriptures 1429; 5-9 1441-1445 Penance in the Early Church - Poschman Wed Nov-06 278-291 Canonical Penance 81-121 Fri Nov-08 No Class - Global Workshop

Penance in the Early Middle Ages - Sources: Mon Nov-11 291-305 Tariff Penance Caesarius

Penance in the Middle Ages - Private Sources: Wed Nov-13 305-313 Penance Aquinas Sources: Fri Nov-15 Penance in the Modern Period 313-322 Luther Rite of Mon Nov-18 Penance in the Vatican II Reforms Penance

Introd. Theology of Penance 1440- Wed Nov-20 1449, R&P 5-22 Student Presentations (## 1-5) 1480-1484 Theology of Penance Fri Nov-22 1450-1470 R&P 23-35 Student Presentations (## 6-13)

Theology of Penance 1434- Mon Nov-25 1439; TBA Student Presentations (##14-17) 1471-1479 Wed Nov-27 Thanksgiving Break Fri Nov-29 Thanksgiving Break

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Anointing in Scripture, Early Church Mon Dec-02 3-48 328-339 and Middle Ages

Anointing in Modern Period to Wed Dec-04 51-136 339-348 Vatican II

Fri Dec-06 Theology of Anointing 1499-1525 139-194 Bolded numbers are required reading on which quizzes will be based.

IX. Course Requirements 1. Read all assigned materials and be prepared to discuss them in class. NB: The professor reserves the right to assign supplemental or substitute readings as he deems necessary. 2. Quizzes (announced and unannounced) on reading assignments and on material already covered in class. 3. Research paper 4. Take home mid-term exam 5. Take home final exam NB: An assignment submitted late will lose one percentage point of the total grade for every day it is late after the assigned due date

X. Important Dates TBD

XI. Evaluation Criteria The student's performance will be assessed on the basis of critical attentiveness to and integration of assigned readings and material presented in class, and on the quality of the student's written work. The grade will be based on both the content and the presentation of the written work (technical elements, spelling, grammar etc.). The student’s final grade will be calculated as follows: 1. Class participation = 5% 2. Quizzes = 15% 3. = 20% 4. Final Exam - Penance = 40% 5. Final exam - Anointing = 20%

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XII. Attendance Policy Notre Dame Seminary observes the following policy regarding class attendance: Regular class attendance is expected and required of all students who intend to receive credit for course work in the graduate school. Inevitably, extraordinary circumstances will arise that make class attendance impossible on occasion; therefore, a formula for determining regular attendance has been established as policy for the convenience of both seminarians and instructors. A student is permitted to be absent from class no more than twice the number of times the class meets per week. (You are considered absent if you are not present when attendance is taken). Thus, if a student is absent for seven classes from a course that meets three times a week, the student is in violation of school policy in this regard. The normal penalty for such a violation is the grade FA (failure due to absence). The number of absences includes those due to illness, late registration, or any other cause. Absence from class immediately before or after holidays and free weekends is considered a double cut. Only the Academic Dean may waive penalties for absence. In absences due to illness, you inform the instructor and your formation advisor prior to the class. These are additional policies for this particular course. 1. Absence: Students may make up the grade for excused absences, by submitting to the instructor a 2-3 page summary of the material covered in the missed class. 2. Tardiness: Coming late to class will negatively impact the student’s class participation grade.

XIII. Academic Integrity Seminarians of Notre Dame Seminary are required to commit themselves to responsible scholarship in every aspect of priestly formation, including academics. It is expected that every seminarian works and studies to the best of his ability for every course. Seminarians also accept responsibilities and obligations as students, which include commitments to honesty, disciplined study, and integrity in their academic work. They will be expected to respect academic scholarship by giving proper credit to other people’s work, while at the same time preparing well for assigned materials and examinations in such a way that their academic integrity will never be questioned. Those needing assistance with writing papers, or who would like tutoring, should contact the Academic Resource Center (ARC) for assistance. All students are encouraged to seek the direct assistance of their instructor whenever any questions arise regarding assignments, grading, course expectations, etc. These are additional policies for this particular course. 1. Lack of academic integrity, such as the presentation of plagiarized work, will be penalized with a “Failing” grade and the matter taken up to the formation authorities of the Seminary.

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2. To facilitate the verification of the integrity of academic work, in addition to submitting a hardcopy in class or mailbox, students will be required to submit the same work by softcopy (emailed to the Professor in MS Word format).2 For purposes of computing the time of submission of work, the work will be considered effectively submitted only when both the hardcopy and softcopy have been submitted.

XIV. Disability Accommodation Policy This course will follow the policy of Notre Dame Seminary as indicated in the Academic Catalog.

XV. Extension Policy This course will follow the policy of Notre Dame Seminary as indicated in the Academic Catalog.

XVI. Audit Policy This course will follow the policy of Notre Dame Seminary as indicated in the Academic Catalog.

XVII. Grading Policy This course will follow the policy of Notre Dame Seminary as indicated in the Academic Catalog.

XVIII. Syllabus Contract This syllabus obliges the student to adhere to all policy requirements and to fulfill all academic expectations herein stated; it also entitles the student to a reasonable opportunity to learn the material specified in the course description in order to accomplish for himself the educational goals of the course. In order to optimize the learning process the course instructor reserves the right to make reasonable adjustments to the syllabus requirements during the semester, in response to unforeseen developments or circumstances. All adjustments made must be communicated clearly to students. The second student to send me an email by Labour Day containing the new grading rubric will receive one bonus point on their final grade.

2 The emailed file must be named thus: Course Number - Lastname, Firstname - Assignment type (e.g. Research Paper, Final Exam).

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APPENDIX I: INSTRUCTIONS FOR CLASS PRESENTATIONS Prepare an 8 minute homily for your Parish Lenten Penitential Service or Communal Anointing Service based on the assigned topic. Your homily should explain the doctrinal basis of the topic as well as its relation to the Sacrament of Penance/Anointing, in a manner which the average parishioner can understand. Your homily should aim to lead the congregation to a life of conversion from sin and reconciliation with God (Penance), comfort in God’s healilng power (Anointing). The student will present his homily on the date assigned; if needed, the professor will make some additions. The purpose of the assignment is to assess the student’s ability to preach sound doctrine, clearly, appropriately and effectively.

APPENDIX II: INSTRUCTIONS FOR TAKE-HOME FINAL EXAM - PENANCE The USCCB has designated the Sacrament of Penance as the topic for the ongoing formation for in the year 2014. Because of your excellent intellectual formation at Notre Dame Seminary, your bishop has asked you to make a theological presentation to the clergy on this subject, highlighting the scriptural, historical, liturgical, canonical and dogmatic basis for the sacraments of Penance and Anointing of the Sick. Your presentation is slated to take about 45 minutes. For your final exam, prepare a verbatim text of this presentation, whose title should be one of the following.  OPTION 1: “Sacraments of Healing: The Paschal Mystery heals through the Church’s sacramental ministry.”  OPTION 2: Your own choice of title The content of your presentation must have these three elements:  Theological dimension  Ecclesiological dimension  Sacramental dimension It is preferable for you to treat penance and anointing separately, as the penance section is worth 40%, while Anointing is worth 20% of the final grade. You may have treat them together, after consultation with the professor. Whichever option you take, you should submit a proposed outline of the presentation for review by the instructor, by November 25, 2014. The instructor will return the draft outline to the student with corrections if needed.

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1) Rationale The take-home exam is given with the intention of helping students integrate and synthesise the doctrine of the Sacraments of Healing. It is hoped that a student who takes this exam successfully will not only have a good grasp of this doctrine, but will also integrate it with the spiritual, human and pastoral dimensions of his priestly and Christian formation. 2) Content a) Academic rigor must be demonstrated. Following the NDS Grading Guidelines (see Catalog), a student whose work shows that he “Grasps the basic concepts and articulates them in a coherent manner” only earns a “C+.” Higher grades require a demonstration of more than a basic grasp of concepts as well as their synthesis, integration and application. b) Academic integrity does not involve only avoidance of plagiarism; it also involves diligence in doing one’s work. Although no extra in-depth research is required for the successful completion of this exam, the exam presumes as a minimum, that students did their assigned readings and took notes during the class. c) A profound knowledge of Scripture, Tradition and the contemporary Magisterial documents on the various issues concerning the subject is expected in answering the questions, as well as any insights from theology. 3) Style: a) In writing this exam, please follow the usual guidelines for writing a research paper, mutatis mutandis. b) Start each section on a new page. c) There is no required minimum number of pages for the paper; but your presentation, is slated to last about 45 minutes. In any case, the length of your paper should be no more than 15 pages. 4) References: a) No bibliography is required, but literary sources that are used verbatim or that are paraphrased must be acknowledged with footnotes. b) Scriptural and common magisterial documents should be referenced in parentheses within the text. c) Although you may use the content of the class presentations of the instructor or of classmates, please do not cite them as literary sources, which they are not. d) It is the opinion of this professor that internet resources that have not been published in print have not yet achieved the status of creditable scholarly work; their use is therefore not acceptable. This paper should be submitted both in hard copy and by email by the due date of December 10, 2013 at 5.00 p.m.

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APPENDIX III: INSTRUCTIONS FOR WRITTEN CLASSROOM EXAM A student who wishes to take a classroom six-down exam, must inform the Professor in writing, no later than 15th November 2013. The written classroom exam will be as follows.  Duration: Two hours  Date: TBD (December 10 – 12, 2013)  Script: Preferably typed. If handwritten, the work must be legible. What is illegible will not be comprehended and will therefore not be graded. If typed, the hard copy should be submitted no later than 15 minutes after the exam.  References: This exam will be closed book. Only the Bible, the Catechism, The Christian Faith and Vatican II documents will be allowed in the exam room. APPENDIX IV: HOUSEKEEPING RULES 1. Use of electronic devices a. Phones and similar devices shall not be used for any purpose in class. b. Tablet and notebook computers may be used only for note-taking and for referencing resource materials such as the Catechism and the Bible. The internet may not be used for other purposes such as social networks. The abuse of these devices will lead to a blanket ban of their use in class. c. Recording devices may be used for recording lectures, with the permission of the instructor or his substitute. In case of student presentations, their permission must also be sought. In any case, such recorded materials may only be used by the students currently taking the course. They must be purged at the end of the term. 2. Class attendance and Time management a. The instructor will take roll at the beginning of every class, often silently. b. Arrival after roll is taken will be considered late arrival, unless such tardiness was previously excused or satisfactorily explained post facto. The same rule applies to early departure from class. c. There will be a ten-minute break at about 8.50 a.m. Punctuality after the break is similarly expected. d. The official time of the class will be the official US time, which can be found online. e. Students shall not leave the class, except during official breaks and at the end of class. 3. Interventions by students

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a. Interventions from students such as questions, additions, elaborations etc. are encouraged in class. To facilitate the integration of such interventions into the lesson plan of the day, they will be entertained as follows: a. Interventions that concern the matter at hand, like clarifications of a word or expression etc., can be made at any time during the class. The student should ask himself before making this intervention: will my intervention enable me and the other students understand better the matter being treated at this time? If the answer to that question is positive, then he should make the intervention; otherwise, he should wait for the appropriate time. b. Interventions that go beyond the matter at hand, such as applications, ramifications, contrary opinions, additions etc., should be made at a time that the instructor periodically designates. 4. Resource materials a. Following the best practice in pedagogy, the instructor does not give out the PowerPoint handouts. Students should take notes from the slides, if used. b. Students should bring to class hardcopy or electronic copies of the reference materials: the Bible, the Catechism, the Christian Faith and the Vatican II documents as needed, as well as handouts of primary sources. The outline will often indicate which resources are needed. Students should bring to class hardcopy or electronic copies of the reference materials: the Bible, the Catechism, the Christian Faith and the Vatican II documents as needed, as well as handouts of primary sources. The outline will often indicate which book is needed. 5. The third student to send me an email by Labour Day pointing out the error in Section VIII will receive one bonus point on their final grade.