. ~ SELECTIONS FROM·' THE RECORDS OF THE BOMBAY GOVERNMENT.
. No. CCXXVII.-NEW SERIES.
PAPERS'
RELATINQ: TO THE
• REVISION SURVEY SETTLEMENT OF 12 KHA'LSA VILLAGES AND ORIGINAL SETTLEMENT OF 1 VILLAGE ~
OF THE
DHANDHUKA~liLUK~
'.. ~' OF THE
AH~IEDABAll COLL.ECTORATE .
...... ~
~Dmhg: PR~TEl) AT THE ®VERNMENT CENTBAL rUES:;' 1889. INDEX TO THE CORRESPONDENCE RELATING TO THE REVISION SURVEY SETTLEMENT OF 12 VILLAGES AND.ORIGINAL.SETTLE_ MENT OF ONE VILLAGE OF THE DHANDHUKA T.!LUKA OF THE AHMEDABAD COLLECTORATE • •• Paratl. oI'ag ... Paraa. Paga. r----
Letter .No~ 754, dated 8th December Appendix A.-(Detaile of cultivation) • III 1888. from the Drpnty Superintend. Appendix B.-(Uetail of population) ." • 13 e.nt, Gojarit Revenue Survey, a,b. A~1e)dix ~:~(Occu.~,ation ~~. the ~: mitting proposals for the revilllo~ 13 eettlemoDt of 12 Yin.gea and origiaal Appendix D.-(Retum of houses. chnv .. settlement of one viJbi.ge of the Vhan· dil, well., &c., and of li'f8 and dead dhuka TAluka of the Ahmedabad Col atook) ••• ••...... 14 leotorate...... '0' •• _ 1-21 Appendix: E.-(Statement of sohools Introduction .00 ,., ••• 1-2 with their a'-erage attenda.nce) ... 14 Rtlmeaauremcnt •• , •.• '.0 3 Appendi$. F.-(Statement showing the Iteault of remeAlurement ••. .0. , Dumber of sun-ey numbers cnltint DHfe1'8noe8 found at remeasuJ'eIIlent n. .6-6 ed entirely by the holders themaelve8 ReclRBsitiontion . 0" ...... 7-9 and in partnenbip with othen) '" 15 Soil nnd situation •. , '0_ '," 10-11 Al:dfiX ~:-(Sta~ment ~~. sales ~. Rainfall .0. •• 0.. •.. 12 IS Contraeted statement showing particu Appendix H.-(~howing.ub-letting8) ... 16 lars of tbe total area. by the former Appendix I.-(Showing mortgage tranf.. and the revision lurvey. n. ... 13 ""t;o.. ) ...... •.. ••• . •. 16 Crops .00 '0' ... • •• 14 Appendix J.-,,,tatement of prices) ... 17 Agrlonltnro •• , ," o. 15 Appendix K.-(Revenue history) .•. 18-19 eommunica.tions •.• •.. ... 16 Appendix: L.- (~howing the'result 0 ltlarkets _ .... ••• 00. J7 the prop08ed rates in individual vil· M;u.ufacturea •.. •.• ... 18 lag.. ) •.• ••• •.•• • .• 20--21 }I'aire held ." .,. 0.. .." 19 Export '00 o. 0.. • •• 20 Correar.ondence relating to the OriKinal Statistics ... .._ ••• 21_22 Sett ement of the 12 villagea under Eduootion ... ••• ••• . •. 23 report •.• ...... ••. Sub·tenure. ••• ... ••. 24 Letter No. 36 ... d.1Ied 7th January 1889. Va.lue of land IU ascertained from sale, from the .tIOllector of Ahmedabad, leuse and mortgage transactions ... 23-29 forwarding the above correspondence Wagea ••• ... ,_. . .. 30 with ru. remarkB 'Co the Commi88ioner, Past and preaent condition of the Agri· N.D. •...... cultura.l cue. .. , ...... 31 Letter No. CjuR., dp.ted 4th FebJ:"Ua.l'Y Prie~ ... '" ... 32 Revonue hi.tory... ••• •.. 33-84 1889, from the Collector of Ahmed· Original dry-crop ra.tea _ ... 35 abad, npplementillg his remarkB on })ropuaoc1 dry-crop rato.a _ ••• 36-41 the above cOlT'e8pondence ... ••.• ... 59--60 BhAta. land...... •.. 42 Letter No. 420. da.ted 23rd February Dhekutliat and rice land...... 43 1889, from the Survey and Settlement ContrlWted statement ahowing the ComlRiasionor to the Chief Secretary rcaulta of the propoied and expirinu to Government, forwarding through aot·tlementa under e\'ery head -:-:: 44 the Commissioner, N. D., the fore Bates propoaod for the Survey Settle. going correspondence with his re· ment of one village .•.. ' ... 45 marka for the orders of Government. ,61-71 Result of the propoaed ute.... 46 Letter No. 622, dated 6th March 1889. Prop08tld ra.te~ approved by the lak from the Commissioner, N. D., for .. CoHoctor Mr. Reid ••• •.. 47 warding with, his -remarks the above Concosaiona to be granted to the 0000 .. correapondence for the orders of Gov· pa.otl of Government lands with re ornme•• 72-73 gard to the fruit and other trees standing in occupied and unoccupied Government Resolntion Nd. 2324, da~ laad.... n. ... ~ •• 46 25th March 1889, passing orden OD Gu&rautee ..• ...... _. 49 the above correspondence...· ... 74-77 ConolusiOll ... ••• , ... ••. 60 No., 754 or 1888. Faoll T. R, FERNANDEZ, EsQUIRE, Deputy,. Superintendent, Gujarltt Revenue Survey; To TUB COLLECTOR.or AHMEDABAD. Oamp Ahmedabad, 8th December 1888. SIB, I have the honour to submit, for the consideration of Government, proposala for a revision of the original aurvey settlement of the 12 khdlsa villages of TaIuka Dhandhuka., of the Ahmedabad District, and for the original settlement, on the survey principles, of it village, formerly talu.kdari and lately become klitilsa. ' 2. In 1857·58 and 1858.59, 22-'villa~es came under the sarvey settlement, of which 20 were khdlsa, and 2 Talukdari, managed directly by Government. Since then, the 2 latter villages, and 8 of the former, have reverted to the management of their own TaIukdars. The OBe village (Any ali (Klithini), lately become khalsa, was, at that time, in the management of its Kathi proprietors, who, for some years., paid a fixed 6nkda to Government; but subsequently it was purchased by Desai Bechardas HaIji vandas, under a decree of the Civi). Court, and held by him on similar terms. Subsequently it lapsed to Government, and is now included in the total number of khdlsa villages (13) to be dealt with in this report. '3. A certain percentage test of the measurements by the old survey was taken preliminarily, in order to ascertain how far the original work WlUl correct enough to be taken ~s a basis for revision settlement operations. The result proved satisfactory and revision measurement work has been carried out on the same partial system as that adopted in the case of ,the Dholka TaIuka. 4, The subjoined table shows the areas of the 12 villages under the heads of ~~, deducted unll;l'able, and remaining arable, ~bta.ined by the original and revIsion survey respectively :- ' ,
Deducted Remaining Total. Vuar.bl.. Arable.
A. g. A. g. A. g. I By original. survey ... , , .. 88,953 11 340,637 0 54,316 11 .. By revision survey .. , -,.. 88,919 80 85,2940 8 511,625 2~
Incmease .. , ...... 657 8 " .... Decrease ... 8321 69029 , -"'" I The difference between the total area of each survey is 33'21 acres or about 0'04 per cent. The decrease in the arable area is 690'29 acres: the increase in the uuarable area is 657'8 acres. 5, In the subjoined table are shown the totai number ~f survey fields iIi ~e 12 vill~ges according to the original and revision surveys, and the percentage differences Ul area between the resu!.ts of t4e two operations ;- ' B 9401-1 2
10ta\ DunS.lIOBS IN a." JI'ft'W'IIW ORIonr.u. Number .&JrD R 1V181OK SUBYna., , Tola! olold Number Nombel'l .f:SlU'Vey cbmit~ Under 0..r5 0..,.\0 o..r II 0 ..r2~ o..r~ Fiola. Beviai and up and up &IId.p and up o..r30 Spar and. up per 10 10 per Ito lope, 10 20 per \0 26 pe 1000F O;:YtionI. eento 08Qt. cent.. ..n" .... " ...... oeut. < - -- By .rigina.lsu...... ,.... _. 6,936 777 701 63 17 I ... 1 '-- • _oJ By revision survey- , - - 777 Survey numbers ... 6,718 Pot numbers ...... 254 Tolal ... --6,972 I In the case of 1 village (Anyali KAthini), of which the original measurement was made by the T:Uukd3.ri survey, the old numbers totalling 55 have been sub.divided by the subsequent survey into 125 survey numbers. 6. The above figures show that 13 per cent. of the originalsurveynumb.era in the 12 villages have been remeasured and that there has been a total increase therefrqm of 1,036 survey numbers, including pot numbers. 7. Revision classification operations on the partial system have been car. ried out under the rules followed in the case of Taluka Dholka. The original valuation has been confirmed to a great extent; adjusted to a slight extent where the standard 'was found to differ from the general standard; re-done in the case of one tract in one village (Bhaditi.d); and entirely re·done in one village (Sodhi). . 8. There is no land in the villages under report cultivated with rice'crops, nor any irrigated by dhekUdi. In one village (Dhandhuka Kasbo), about 1lI acres of alluvial (bha.tta) land in perlIlQ;nent occupancy have been met with. 9. Lands adjudged to possess subsoil water profitable for irrigation pur· poses have been met with only in Dhandhuka Kasbo, Ranpur, and Anyali Kathini. In the two latter villages, the rules adopted for the Panch Mahal .. District have been used in the clal3Sification of those tracts which had a rocky substratum. The anna values of the classes comprised in the different II orders" of subsoil water have been fixed by order of the Survey and Settlement Commis. sioner, at figures determined on \L due consideration of local circumstances and conditio!l8. The modifications made accordingly in the values adopted in the case of Dholka TRluka are trifling. The result of the assessment to be imposed under this systlitin, on Government lands of this description, in the 12 villag.es, as against the amount (Rs. 1,820-12-0) of the water share of the assessment of Government bagayat lands realised under the existing system in 1887.8B, iii a net enhancement of their ·soil assessment! amounting to Rs. 369-14-0. The average incidence per acre of such land of the said enhancement of the soil assess· ment will be 11 pies. In Anyali Kathini, under the present revenue management, Government occupied lands have hitherto paid no water assessment when cultivated with crops irrigated from wells sunk in them. The enhancement of the soil assessment effected by dealing 'With all such irrigable (Government) lands on the regular subsoil watE(I' assessment principle is Rs. 105-0-0. 10. The Dhandhuka Taluka lies between nOlO' and 72°27' east longi tude, and 21°59' and 22°27' north latitude. The extreme length of the taIuka. from north to south, is 34 miles; and its greatest breadth, about 64 miles; and in its limits are included 133 Talukdari, and 4, loami, villages, in addition to the present 13 1.;halJra villages. It is bounded on the north by the Dholka Taluka and territory of the Thakor of Limdi in KAthiawar; on tbe east, by the Gulf of Cambay ; on the south, by Kl1thiawar; and by KathiawBr again on the west. The total area is about 6,89,199'36 acres, of which 88,919'30 acres are covered by the 13 khalsa villages. T1!.e surface of the country is level,. with a slight gradual slope from the north-west to the south-east, along which the waters of the Bhadhar river find their way eastwards from &anpur, which is the JDost western point oftheta.Iuka now to be dealt with. "The bed of this river 3 is, for the most part, 80 shallow eastwards from Dhandhuka Kasbo that, the monsoon Hood. waters !l,re absorbed over the country along the banks, and tlte ordinary current entirely disappears in places to reappear a few miles further on and pursue a fitful ·course. Attempts have been made in past years to force the main stream into its original channel and keep it there, but with little success, The Bh:f.dhar is the only stream"Of those which traverse the taluka tha.t directiL affects the condition of the villages under report. In various parta of the country lying to the north and north-east of Dholera, and .also in M:mdvipura. which lies to its south, the monsoon rain waters are apt to lodge and accumulate from want of outlet towards the sea, with the resnlt of more or less seriously damaging the cultivation of tlt~ villages concerned. As the subsoil.water of these tracts is so brackish as to be scarcely drinkable, it would seem to be well worth consideration by Government to arrange for the formation of one or two large tanks at suitable sites, arul thus benefit the cultivators in particular, and the villagers in general. The late Collector, Mr_ Reid, recorded his opinion that_ some such provision on the part of Government is absolutely necessary if an enhancement of the present rates of these particular villages at the revision. settlement is sanctioned. .A very large proportion of the cultivable lands of the 12 villages is of clayey black soil, the remainder beinlf of the more sandy and light-coloured soil known as gorddll, and mer~ing 10 places (in Ranpur' and Anyali Kathini) into a reddish gravelly earth, With a substratum of soft sand. stone or rock. Trees are very scarce, except immediately near the sites of some of the villages. . ·11. It will be seen from the map of the taluka that -the 13 villages lie considerably scattered. Dhandhuka. town is isolated; Ranpur has only one 1. Jr.milll.. 6. Shel... village (AnyaUi K~t~ini) wi~hin 9 miles ?f it ; 2. A'DIlDdpur. 7. Gogbl... and of the r!lmaIDmg 10 Villages margmally 3. V.lida. 8. Bh.diad. noted, the first two occupy by themselves 4. A'mbli. 9. Sodhi. the north-east corner of the Wuka the next 6. KI.m"ta]av. 10. Mandvipura. six are clustered. more or less ol~sely in the· neighbourhood of Dholera Bandar, Sodhi (by itself) lies some 8 miles distant t() its west, and Mandvipura (quite isolated) is some 15 miles distant to its south. 12. The rainfall oyer the area. in which these villages are situated is regular, and, on the whole, seasonable and sufficient. The following figures give the yearly fall in inches for the 12 years, 1876 to 1887, as recorded at the town of Dhandhuka. itself. It will be seen tha.t the average for the year is 27'67 inches :-
RaIn·f.U iD Rain·fall in Year. Inch"" Year. Inches. , In. eta. • In. eta. 1875-76 .•...... 16'61 1881·82 ... .. 30'83 1876-77 ... '" ... 13'35 1882-83 ...... 23'8T 1877-78 ...... 45'6 iS83-'84 , ...... 37'21 187~-79 ...... 28'10 1884-85 ...... 24'56 1879·80 ...... 25'12 1885-86 ...... 40'19' 1~80-81 .•• ...... 22'73 1886-87 '" ... 24"90 13 The area of the 13 villages under report by the former and the revision surveys, respectively, is given in the subjoined table. under heads of descriptions.. of cultivation :- .
By the former By the Re1'ioioa lleaorlptioll of LaDd. ' Su"ey. Survey.
I A. g. A_ g. Amble dry crop ...... li3,658 28 53,613 1 Rice ...... 6 3 ...... G&I"den ...... 651 25 ...... Bhatta ...... 12 21 U narable assassed ...... 34,637 0 35,294 8 Total _. 88,953 11 88,919- 30 - 4.
The difference in the areas entered against the hCl\d II Garden land" by the tW'O surveys arises from the different method of recording lands which are irri. gable by the use of subsoil water, which is followed under the revision settlement. According to its principles, the :whole area that has been now classified and assessed on account of its subsoil water advantsge is recorded., in the survey papers, as dry.crop irrigable, and not as II bagayat" ("'arden land) in the sense ofland bearing a special separate water assessment. E'rom the Mluka records it appears, that Government lands recorded as "bagayat" amounted to 433'25 acres in 1867-88, beinl! a decrease of 153'19 acres on the corresponding area recorded in 1857-58, Owmg to the loss by fire of most of the classification records of the original survey there are not sufficient means of ascertaining how many more wells were used for irrigation in 1887-88 than were recorded at the survey in 185Q-i>7. 14. The proportion in which the different kinds of crops are grown is shown in Statistical Table No. III (Appendix A). The subjomed figures sum. marise this information for Government and alienated lands combined for the yearS 1883·84 to 1887-88::- •
Kharii. n.bi, ,
Cerea18, Per cent. Per oent, J uvari ...... 10'37 1'56 Bajri ...... 1'89 ...... Wheat ...... e' ., •• 25'0 Miscellaneous .. , ... 0'86 0'28 , Pul.es. J Grllm ...... , 1'78 Miscellaneons • ...... 0'011 0'01 Oil-seed,. Castor' ...... 0-01 ...... Ta.! ...... 0'20 ...... Miscellaneous ...... 0'05 - , FibrlB. , Cotton .. , ... -,- 4,0'52 ...... Garden OroP8, • , Sugar-csne -••• ...... 0'03 Grstis or fallow ...... IN7 .. , ... 71'36 28'66- , ---J 10'0•
15. The husbandry practised is fairly good on the whole. The Bomhs and' Kanbi cultivators are skilful, naturally industrious ~nd enterprising; and those of other castes are not far behind them. But, unfortunately, many of the' Khl-tedars, especially of Dhandhuka Kasbo, have become, through the pressure of indebtedness to the Sltvkars, little better than mere tenants and even labour ers, and, as a natural consequence, put little heart and energy into the cultivation _of the lands of which they are now owners but in name. It is further alleged by those who have the means of judging that, a tendency has been lately noticed, in the cultivators of soIhe villages, to sacrifice the quality of their cotton crop to the chance o~Jy:;ting a larger quantity, with the result that, in the long run, the style of t' e, the soil itself, and the pockets of the rayats have suffered. 16. Means of communication with markets have improved during the current survey lease. The extension of the Railway from Wadhwltn to Bhav. nagar passes close by .. Rltnpur, aliwhich there is a station; and Ranpur is conne~ted with Dhandhuka town by; an excell~nt made road of 18 miles in length. 5 The road between Dhandhuka and Dholera Bandar is, however, little, if at all, better than what elcisted at the original survey. The road between Ahmed abad and Gogha, constructed in 1855-56 by the Public Works Depal"tment, passes close by Dhandhuka town; but very little of that portion of it which traverses the taluka is superior to the ordinary country track, and the road is, for the most part, unused. The building of a bridge over the Bhogt1va river, between Eedra and Lolia, on ihe road from Dholera to Ahmedabad 'Ilia Dholka, may be considered to,slightly benefit the vi~es in the north-east quarter (such as Kami8.la and A'nandpur) by enabling the villagers, in the slack season, to cart ' their surplus products direct to the Ahmedabad market when the chance offers of a somewhat better price than' that obtainable at either Dholera or Dhandhqka. 17. The markets commonly resorted to are Dbandhuka Kasbo, Dholera Bandar, and Ranpur. At the original survey, Dhandhuka was reckozted to rank above Dholera, and this still holds true, on the whole, although in respect of cottol\, the trade of Dholera much exceeds that of Dhandhuka, and thougQ. latterly much diminished, is still of consideraBle importance. The traders of Dhandhuka are said to be money-lenders ,rather than deo.ltlrs in ,tlie staple local produce. Whatever their dealings may be, it is beyond question that, they have prospered greatly and accumulated capital, though it is to be feared that, this has been achieved, in many instance~, at the expense of the rayats whose extra vagance, engendered by' gains made in the season of abnormo.lly high-priced cotton (1862 to 1864);has thrown them deep into debt to the Savk8.rs and ended in their being forced to part to them with their lands o.ltogether. Apart from this, Dhandhuka town has progressed all round during the survey lease, and its advance and increased prosperity fully counterbalanced from the point of view of a survey settlement the present decline in the value of Dholera as a" local market. Dholera, af:ter prospering very greatly during the first 7 or 8 years of the survey lease, has, since ,then, declined greatly; and its aggregate' trade is now much less tlmn in the first year of the settlement. The reason of this is not far to'seek, sa not only the graduo.l silting up of the old bandar till it had to be closed 8 years ago affected it injuI,jou$ly, out the construotion of the BMvnagar and Gondo.l ~ilway has diverted to the port of Bhavnagar much of the cotton and other produce that before this event found outlet through its port. The new port is 7 ,miles from Dholera town, the old having been 5 miles. At the same time, if Dhelera be viewed as a market for disposal of the produce of the villages now under report, its resources are not muoh less than they were;1 and those villages whose settlement was made originally with direct reference to it can still secure on the spot nearly lIS favourable terms as of old. Ranpur, as a market which directly affects only two of the vi1J~es (it.!elf and Any8.li Kathilli), has inOl'eased greatly in importance from the eXistence of the railway at its very doors, and the fact that, owmg to its easy comlllunicatioa with Dhan. dhuka town, it hQ,s the advantage of e.n occasional overflow from the trade of that improving mArket.' . , ' 18. The only loco.l industries practised are the weaving of two or three kinds of coarse cotton cloth and woollen blankets and scarves by ,the Dheds and Lothis (the latter a variety of the 'Bohra oaste) residing in Ranpur. 1~~ '~ticles are not exported, but used up loco.lly. . '. .-",' \ 19. There are no regular falrs held in the taluka'; but the shrine"of Bhim- nath ill it is a very celebrated one, to which pilgrim~, from most distant parts of India, come. Here, on Bome stated days in tlie year, large concourse of devotees assemble, and these gatherings might be termed fairs on a limited scale" ' 20. Of the staple grains only wheat is eiported in any considerable qua~ tity. About one-fourth of the gross amount Is exported, being mostly taken for sale to the Dhandh?ka market. Of the toW cotton yield, thrl*l-fourths are exported, almost entirely from Dholera Bandar. The cotton produce of Ranpur all? a few of th? adjacent villages is disposed of at Ranpur,. th? chief purchaser bemg Mr. Whittle, a European gentleman 'who owns a gmnmg factory on the outskirts of the town. t'he irrigated cultivatiol). products are sugar-cane, chillies, and a .few varieties of vegetable (e/l.ch to a very small amount), and wheat &Il,d barley. ' , .. 8941-2 G
21. The subjoined table gives statistics reg!U'ding population, houses, &c •• for the 13 villages under report for the year 1887-88 :-.
Agrieu1. 00.... B ..... Popula- Bufraloel, Sheep ODd N ...... of Village. R_ tund ond CoI1o. Ploqho. Wei... CaHio. and tileir 00.10. ".... YOODg. Po ... , Dbandhuka ... 11.251 2.873 1,177 896 846 124 234 429 220 Rinpul' ... \ •.. 6,5V8 1,537 672 769 427 76 152 169 87 Sodhi ...... 849 183 429 848 63 15 83 143 9 Bhaditld ••• ... 2,873 632 638 803 . 20 51 145 228 10 Kami&I ...... 681S 166 212 241 23 6 29 86 :; A'nandp1ll' ... 224 48 84 95 ... 1 6 26 1 Valida...... 279 54 126 162 91 2 16 49 1 A'mbli ...... 1,048 266 331 417 149 10 43 124 4 Kamatal& .. ... 145 80 102 59 ...... i5 42 1 Sela ...... 175 85 65 60 ...... 7 29 2 • 163 243 Goghl,...... 705 384 '" 1 44 96 1 M&ndvipura ... 282 60 191 468 8 ... 18 35 ... Any81i KathiAi ••• 192 54 70 152 148 7 S 2a 13 - 25,309 6,101 4,2.0 4,836 1,265 292 790 1,479 -. 347
22. I regret to have to say here that I have not the means of making a comparison between the figures shown in the preceding pamgraph, and those for the year in which the original settlement was introduced, in order to 8how what progreB8 the, villages concerned have made during the period of the survey leasf> just expired. It seems the custom has been, in the taluka offices, not to preserve such data after they have become some years old; consequenly they cannot be obtained nom the Mltmlatdar. In our own ease, I am sorry to say, the data are also quite beyond recall, for they were lost in the fire last year which consuwed nearly tlJe whole of our invaluable records. . 23. From infonnation supplied by the Educational Department and tabu. lated in Appendix E. it will be seen that, there are 7 Government schools for boys, which are attended by an average of 609 scholars. In the 2 Government - schools for girls, 66 scholars attend on the average. There are 2 private schools, which show an a.verage attendance of 107 children. Infonnation of a similar nature for the year of the introduction of the original rates is Dot forthcoming, so a comparison between the two years cannot be instituted. 24. Appendix F. gives the figures relating to Bub·tenures, which show that, 71 per cent. 'of the total number of holdint:'s are C?ultivated by the Khatedltrs alone or in partnership, and that of the remaimng 7'80 per cent. are sub·Jet for cash rent, and 21'29 per cent. for payment by a share of the produce. The sub· letting value is from 2'38 (in Dhandhuka) to 4'27 (in Mandvipum) times the survey assessment. - 25. Appendices G., H. and I. give the statistics relating to transactions dealing with land, obtained from the Sub-Regisirar's office, in the three yeara from 1884·83 to 1886·8T. 26. The nUl)lber of sales of Government land was 732, covering an area of 5,291 acres, assessed at Rs.. 6,749-3.0. The total .of the prices obtained was Rs. 52,953·0·0, which sum is 7'S5 times the Government &B8eB8ment. As regards alienated land, the sales were 80, affecting an area of 539 acres. The amount of the &B8essment and that of the sale money was Rs. 651-0-0 and Rs. 32,812·0-0 respectively, the latter being 50'42 times the former. 27. There are 197 leases recorded affecting an area of 1,373 acres, which bear an &B8essment of Rs.2,763-4·0. The sum for which the above land was suhlet was Rs. 7,430·8-0, which sum is 2'69 tim(:s the amount of the survey asseB8ment. 28. The mortgage transactions :recorded in the three years from 188t.·85 to 1886-87 number 4tiS an; 162, as regards Government· and alienated land 7 respectively. The former comprised an area or 3,404 acree, and the latter, or 1,254. The average multiple of the survey assessment which the gross amount advanced represents is ) 7'6 in the case of Government, and 45'87 in the case of alienated land. Although the information given above is not trustworthy in itself inasmuch as the nature of the transactions from which it is culled is not consistently genuine throughout; for witness, while the mortgage v8.lue of land per acre in the township of Dhandhuka itself was only Be. 11.5.0, that of Valida was Re. 90.10·10, and of Sela, Rs. 465.11-1, villages which are 16 and 14 miles respectively from the chief 10c8.l market, yet it· indubitably indicates that, land does possess considerable v8.lue in the estimation of capitalists of the Mluka, and this would not have been possible if the present survey rates had not been found favourable in their incidence. . 29. From figures furnished by the Mamlatdar relating to the &ale by auction of the right of occupancy of Government lands during the same three years, 1884·85 to 1886-87, it IS found that there were 732 survey numbers sold, producing an average of Re. 10.0·2 per acre, which sum is 7'85 times the anrage assessment per acre of the land sold. These results, which are' a true indication of tbe condition of the taluka, confirm the conclusion drawn in the preceding paragraph as to the high estimation in which laad. in the district is held., . . . 30. :Money w~es to field labourers have risen about 60 to 88 per cent. during the existing settlement, and the. opinion' of 10c8.l experts is that, these rates will not diminish. The opinion of Mr. Reid, lately the Collector of thEl.J 'district (8ee his memorandum No. 746, dated 26th March 1888, at paae 141 of the Dholka Taluka Compilation, Government New Series, Volume CC'XVII), is that the rate of wage is likely to rise still higher. _ 3l. In the origin8.l reports by Mr. Rogers on the settlement ofthe Mluka, the condition of the agricultur8.l classes in the villages now under report may be inferred to be considered satisfactory at the- time. There is no direct statement found to be mnde by that officer on the subject. In 1862 Mr. Mansfield. Reve. nue Commissioner, N. D., seems to have observed no signs to the contrary, and '. he has stated (paragraph IS of his No. 1933, dated 31st August 1860) taat the whoI .. country il! under cultivation. Captain Prescott' writes in his ;memo· randum of January 1863, tha~ "prosperity is everywhere apparent." This state of things continued and even improved during the next 8 or 9 years, but since that date the condition of a majority of the cultivators of Dhandhuka Kasbo. chiefly of the Bohra caste, has greatly deteriorated, and is, at present, lese prosperous,' in many instances, than it was in -1862.63. This resnlt is due, however, to the great fall in the price of cotton and wheat, and, especially to the heavy pressure of indebtedness by these Khatedars to money.lenders exacting usurious rates of interest, and cannot be attributed to t}le action of the Settlement· Department. Setting'aside, then, these speci8.l circumstances, the improvement in the materi8.l condition of the cultivating population and the rise in the standard of comfort is unquestionable, although it cannot be considered very marked. 32. The figures in Appendix J. relate to the prices of wheat and uncleaned cotton (kllla), the staple produce of the villages during the period of 10 years (1847·48-1856.57) preceding the survey se~tlelllent and tile 30 years of thEl.._, survey leas?, They may be accepted, as fairly correct, those for Dhandhuka Kasbo havmg been taken from the books of traders in the town, and those for the Dholera market being fnrnis]),e<\ me by Mr. Whittle, whose information on tl!e subject is. t~e best available.. ' No returns of prices appear to have been_ ~Ivell in the origmoJ settleme!lt papers. Mr. Rogers writes, in November 1857, II! gener8.l terms of the " present high price of cotton" ; and in paragraph 2 of Ius lett~r of 11th Julr 1859,he.write8 of "the high price at which cotton was sold durmg the season.' Agam, In paragraph 11 of hIS letter No. 71 of 21st March 1860, he states that in the year in wq.ich the revised .assessments w~re proposed, ,prices .. had shown a tendency to rise" and that .. high prlCf'S of produce. were ruling," Captli-in Prescott in his memorandum of January 1863 shows that, as "ompared with the price of cotton in the year of lIlr. Roger's settlemet.lt, the price in 1862-63 was 90 per cent. higher (being at the rate of 8! sers per rupee as ~gainst 15! sers); that of juvar was in 1862·63 75 per cent. higher, a~d/that of other-cereals nnd pulses and produce· was higher in nearly the same degree. And he adds that in his opinion the then high' prices would probably continue. The subjoined table gives the average price of wheat and uncleaned cotton (the only staple products eltported) during the decade immediately preceding the survey settlement and the three decades of the survey lease ;- '
"Ws ..,.. UIfCLBA"&D eonu. (K..... '.
Period. In tho In tho Dhandhuka Db ..dbuka Market. Morket.
Lbo. per Rupee. Lbo. per Rupee.
The decade 1847-48 to 1856-57 preceding the survey settle-
ment ...... ~ . 48 88i First decade (1857-58 to 1866-67) ...... 24 lOt Second decade (1867-68 to 1876-77)' ••• '" ... 281 l7l Third decade (1877-78 to 1886-87) ...... 82i 171 , ,
~rhese figures show that during the whole term of the survey lease the prices of wheat and cotton have, on the average, ruled higher by about 169 and 256 per cent. respectively than the average of the 10 years prior to it, and although they.are lower at present than the average prices of anyone decade of that period, I think it may, by a study of the prices ruling in each individual year, be safely predicted that the fluctuations in the future either way will be but slight and temporary. 33. The figures relating to the revenue history of the 12 village. under report are embodied in Avpendix Statement K. 'The immediate effect of the experimental settlement In 1857.58 was a reduction ofRs. 23,397·8·11 in the gross revenue for collection in the year immediately preceding the introduction of the rates proposed by ~r. Rogers. These rates were in force up to 1862.63. It will be seen that in the first decade of the current settlement, 11i~., 1863-64 to 1872.73, the collections averaged yearly Rs. 46,081.11.0, and in its last year (1872-73) the figure is Rs. 46,991.6-0, being an increase of 2 per cent. on that of 1863~64. Since then and in tne following 15 years (1873.74 to 1887.88), the development of cultivation combined with increased revenue has been less marked, and after some fluctuations the figures of occupied Government area . and of reveilUe for the 12 villages for the year 1887·811 stand at 115,240-36 acres and Rs. '47,!l26-2 respectively. This shows increases of IS! Bnd 10~!er cent. r\lspectively on the corresponding figures of 1863-64. The subjoine figures show in summary the change which has resulted :- '
.AIaeoamen' 01 Aueumentof occupied \lDOCCU pied Gov.rnment Land. Oovermne.ut Land.
,Rs. •• p• , Rs. •• p. The year 1863.6, , .. ., . 43,364 10 0 5,193 8 0 Last year (1887.88) ...... 47,926 2 0 1,694 12 0
34. ;""s regards the remjssipns granted during the currency of the .lease, the amount of Rs. 1,832-1-11 remitted in the first year, i.e., 1857-&8, was In accord ,ance wit!:!. the provision of section 104 of the Land Revenue Code. The remis· sions in the years 1866.67,1868.69,1881-82, 18lS2-83, 1884-85,1885-86,1886-87 and 1887-88, I1omounting in all to Rs. 130.14.9, were granted on II:cc?unt of real destitution and consequent entire inability to' pay; and the renliSBlOns for the remaining years, aggregating to Re. l,410-14-9, were owing to such causes as the 9 BMvnaga~ Railway ta:king up lands, encroachments made by civers, &c. from this explanation it will be evident that nothing can be advanced against the pres sure of the existing survey rates on this SC6re. The subjoined table shows that the reven ue has been collected during the last three years of the sun'ey lease without much trouble :-
Number of Number of Namber of Year. - Villag... NOtiOO8 • DUtraint easel.
1885-86 ..., ...... •• ... S' 36 4. ISSH-S7 ...... '" ... 8 52 2 18~7.88 ...... 7 32 2 . ~ Total ... 23 120 S
, \ 35. The appended pape]s relating to the original settlement show that the-...l ~xisting maximum dry-crop rates of the 12 villages were finally fixe Rs. a. p. Rs. a. p. Dhandhuka ...... 2 8 0 40 0 0 60 Raopur ...... ••• 1 12 0 '2 0 0 K"mi6.1a ...... ,. 1 8 0 1 12 0 ~;f A"nundpur ...... 1 8 0 1 12 0 16i Sodhi ••• .. , .. , .... . 1 12 0 2 ·0 0 IW In the case of the seven remaining villages the maximum dry-crop'rates fixed by - Mr. Rogers were on examination considered to be suitable and were recommended to be kept intact.' This proposal was also approved and sanctioned by Govern- ment, and the rates in quest~on are now in force. " B9U-4 ' 10 • 36. As in their pecllJiar local conditions each or the 12 villnges blRy be considered to have been originally rated on its own individual circumstances and merits, I propose to deal with the revision of their a&8essment on the saUie principle. . 37. In the case of Dhnndhuka Kasbo, it is found that the e'(isting re\'cnutl demand has been paid with regularity, that land bears a high average value, Bn,l that the town has generally progressed and prospered during the current surwy lease. A moderate enhancement of the asseSSluent is therefore jtl~tifiaLle. Ao!I the present maximum rate is not in itself a low one and was fixed with some consideration ofthf1 high prices or all agricultural produce ruling at the tillle (see the concluding sentence of Captain Prescott's report), I think that a rise from Rs. 4 to Rs. 4.8·0 will now be sufficient, and I would recommend Rs. 4-8.0 for adoption as the revised maxim.um dry-crop rate. 38. In the ease or Ranpur, its revenue history from lS63-64 to 1887-88 ihdicates considerable progress and prosperity Illlder the present settlement and warrants.t,he conclusion that the village may justly be required to pay a consi derably higher assessment under the revised settlement. . And as since 1881-82 the Bhavnagar. Hailway runs close by it, there is no longer any reason for keeping so great a difference (one of leo per cent.) between its maximum rate and that of Dhandhuka Kasbo as now exists. The value ofland in Rinpur is high and will in all probability be higher in the future. As the village was originally assessed very moderately, I propose to fix its revised maximum dry CfOP. rate at Rs. 3. 39. The two villages Sodhi and BhadiBd are sufficiently simHar in the circumstances of their present maximum rate (Rs. 2 in cach); extent of arable land available at the original: settlement for occupancy which hilS been taken up .during the survey lease; state of material prosperity; and pGsition as regards market and communications to be dealt with alike. Captain Prescott's !eport shows that he originally considered the rate experimentally fixed by Mr. Rogers for both to be suitable, buJ; that, after discussion between him and the Revenue Commissioner, N. DlI it was decided that the rate for Sodhi (Re. 1-12-0) should be increased to Rs. 2 and that for Bhadiad (Rs. 2) should be left intact. As the effect of the revision classification operations in each of the villages has 'been to raise the original soil values considerably. I do not propose to make the revised maximum rate·higher than Rs. 2-4-0. 40. The villages noted in the margin are-alike as to advance. made. during 1. KamitUa. I 4. Kamatalav. t~~ eurrent su~ey lease, present matenal con· 2.. A'nandpnr. 5. Sela. dltlOn, and pOSItIOn as regarHs access to market, 3. Valida. 6. A'mbli. whether· this be taken as Dhandhuka for wheat, 7. Goghla. or Dholera Bandar fOl'eotton, 'or either for both . products. The papers relating to the original settlement show that the original maximum rates of KamiaIa and A'nandpur came under revision by the Survey Superintendent and Commissioner, N. D., and that on their recommenda.tion it was deCided to fix the rate of each at Rs. 1-12-0. The maximum rate of each of the other five villages which Mr. Rogers had fixed at Rs. 1-12-0 was pronounc ed by both officers. to be sufficient and suitable, and it bas remained unaltered. Thus all these villages bear at present the same maximum rate (Rs. 1-12-0), and I recommend that this should be raised at the revision settlement to Re. 2 in eaoh - case. At the same time it is necessary that I should report that the late Col lector, Mr. Reid, hal! recorded in a demi·official memoramdum sent to me for my guidance that he is of opiuion that if these villages are required under their revised settlement to pay an enhanced demand, it is. only right that Government should be asked to take measnres for the drainage .of those. cultivated tracts in their respective limits which periodically suffer more or less from water· logging. . 4i. In the case of Mandvipura, the statistics of its revenue history for the period 1857-58 to 1887-88 show that the existing' maximum rate bas been found to be suitable. The expansion of the occupied area which is seen to have oommenced in the first 20 years of the survey lease has, with trifling fluctuations, JIlaintainEd its level, in the subsequent interval, but it is a question whether it is 11 likely to rise in the .future, The· ~aterial condit~on. of the cultivators is .but indifferent, and portIons of the cultivated area penodlCally suffer from floodmg, and on a due consideration of all the circumstances of its case, I do not think it advisable to propose any enhancement of the present maximum rate. 42. The revision survey has recorded I2 acres 21 guntMs of Bhatta land in Dhandhuka Kasbo, all in permanent occupancy. The maximum rate which I recommend for adoption is Us. 8 on 16 annas of the scale of classification for such lands which may go up to a maximum of 24 annas.. The average. rate per acre will be ·Rs. 1l-1~-6. and the assessment. at the proposed ratewIiI be Rs. 146. , •• 43. There is no land to be assessed as. Dhekudiat, nor is there any rice land. H. The estimated result of the application of the abovementioned revised rates of all kinds in the 12 villages is Elhown in the subjoined table; which is all abstrllct of Appendix Statement L:- . Bt' roaMIB' Bvltuy. BY RfilaIOIl StT~\1ir. MAxi· I .,wu (#dvemment Ooouplcrd Government OCCllpled-' Govcnln'lCmt rt1'Cc-ut. . Name of VIII ..... Doy· I· Total. · Lttlld. LaRd.. . ",. .""te". l1J'nocclI')I~LaJ.U}. IlIcr~ • 1 I . , A ..... A~~l'''' .u.e.mcnL 1A,';"umcDt.! ..... me-ut. A ..... AserMSmen t "j "' ... 1__ . .- : A •• g. Bo...... ,.. JLs~ k iL g...... g • ... .. Dhaftdbna .. I "S 7.1&8 86 lD,209 T,l48 ...... "" r.U818 ",OOS .. RJinp\l.t ... -. ::1 8,860 lfi .,7M • 8,lI78 • 7,381}. •0 '79!• • T!• • 8,65585 1,4081 • Sodtu ...... ""0 6,813 26 8,'" • 6,i87 JB• i,6M- 0 ... 1,001 • 8,.:&08 21 10,7%4 • BhadlAd". "...... , 6,260 81 6,997 • 6,188 16 ...... • • &,11' 8 ..... • m KUDilla ...... 1,'71 ...... " 1,'119 28 •8 :11' ',909 ...... • l,Aa ,.... • A'nal1dpllt ...... ,.".. 6&619 '...... 1 .....• •, 80S • ::t VAlIda. ,,~ ... .. 0'• 1,7.77 82 1,'1' •8 1,77& Ii 81 rT 28 1,800 SQ, 1,880 • 81 A':mbll ... ' ...... ,,, 8,'68 80 9,122 , 8,765 23 ...... • 426 82 ... • .•,lS115 4,213 • K6.miWI." ...... 1,17& 84 .'8 1,16'1 89 I.'" ~ l' 27 • 1,182 26 1,08' •8 r,t &,...... '" BO 8M' •8 ..... 7ll .' .'89 81" • '874 II 772 Gopl. ::: 8 5!,U68 1,947 • 8,405 •• ...... "... ,,07' ..... • • '58 • '0MB 24. 12l Mkul'\pGra ... .. ,.. 1,806 86• 819 & 1,877 O' ... ""4.l98tJ .. ... • 2,1196 88 1,04.4 •.. -- - • • • Total ... - ...110 .. t7,ne , 84.982 28 6<,809 20242 18 2.... 87,225'. 1 67,081. I)' ..t • •I It will be seen that the average increase on'the 12 villages auiounts ,ro 35:l per cent. The increase in 110 single village exceeds the limit oi enhancement prescribed by Government orders. in such cases. 45. In ihe case. of AnyaJi (KatlJ,ini). I propose a maximum' dry'-crop rate of Re. 1-12-0 per acre. The figwres of the existing revenue system for tl;l.e six years during which the village has been administered by Government show that the ave1'a.ge yearly realizatioos on occllpied Government land are Rs. 718-13-7, and the reali~ations in ]887-88 are Rs. 713-0.0. Thelatt(oJ~ figur& gives an average rate per acre of Rs. ()"10-5, The application of the maximum rate above proposed to the average soil valuation according to· the survey clllBSi. fication gives an average assessment per acre of Rs. 1·13-2. ,Hitherto. QQvern ment lands cultivated with crops irrigated from wells have paid no additional assessment. These lands and all others adjudged to possess subsoil water have been now classed for that. advantage in the usual way, and their soil assessment will be enhanced accordingly. The total survey assessment of the occupied Government lands is estimated to be Rs. 1,055, which will give a net increase on the revenue of 1887-88 of Ra. 341-0·0, or about 48 per cent. . 46. The net enhancemeqt of the existing assessment. of occupied Govern ment lands in alt of the 13· khdlsa villages under report is calculated to be Rs. 17.224·9-11; or about 35! per cent. 47. I take the opportuuity of stating that I referred to your predecessor, Mr. Reid, in order to ascertain what revised maximun rates were considered by him suitable to be imposed, and that the proposals herein submitted for the revision of the existing assessment are almost wholly in accord with his views as expressed in a demi-official reply to my reference with which he was good enough to favour me. 12 48. There are no teak, or blackwood, or sllndalwood trees in these villages, but the reservation of the rights of Government to such trees under the ternll! of ,~_section 40 of the Land Revenue Code will be duly notified at the introduction of the revised settlement. 'As regards fruit trees in Government lands, occupied and unoccupied, it is found that in one village only (Dhandhuke..Kasbo) there are a few raen trees standing in' occupied Government survey fields, from whICh Government '-1evy yearly Rs. 26 of revenue, at the rate of Rs. 2 per tree. I have the honour to recommend that the rights of Government to these trees should be conceded in the future to the occupants of the lands, and that the case of fruit trecs in unoccupied Government lands should he dealt with on a similar system to ,jhat sanctioned by Government in the case of the revision settlement of Dholka Taluka, by its Resolution No. 796, dated 3rd February last. No revenue is levied.by Government in any of the villages on fruit trees standing in alienated. survey numbers. 49. I have the honour to recommend that the proposed 'rates of assess ment, if sanctioned by Government, be guaranteed for II. period of 30 years, dating from the year of their actual levy. 50. In conclusion I would like' to bring the fact prominently to notice that this report was planned and written out by my predecessor :Mr. Bulkley, who, before giving over charge of the office to me on 23rd October last, was un able to quite complete it for want of the whole of the re9uisite statistics. The last of the figured information was received only on 3rd lDstant, and my part in the report has therefore only been to fill in the statistics and make a few alter ations and addi,tions here and there rendered necessary by a study thereot: I have the honour to be. Sir, Your most obedien~ Servant, T. R. FERNANPEZ, Deputy Superintendent, Revenue Survey, Gujarat. 13 APPENDIX A. STATISTICAL TABLE No. III. To be maae out be/ore Settlement Detail8 ofOultivationfor the year. 1883-84 to 1887-88. PBRCENTA.GB o-J' 'J'OT.u. ClJ'LTrvATION 01' ... GoVRR.'(IIEIfT AND 1MA..x LAWDS. DismaL' Su.... yed VUlageo. Cropa. Total. KharU. I Rabi. ------I------I-----.------r--~--I------1 2 3 4 lS 6 ( Cotton ... 40'52 40·52 Kalthi .. . 0'04 0·04 Tal (BeBL1nnm) '" 0'20 0·20 I Jovari...... 11'93 10·37 1'56 I Bajri ••• .. . 1'89 1-89 RaDti... '" 0'68 0'68 Math... •.. 0'02 0·02 I Vegetablea ... 0'20 0·06 0-14 Wheat, '" 2S·0. 25·0 .Gram...... 1'73 1'73 IS 'Khalu I Sugar-cane .. . 0'03 0'03 Dhalldhub ... villages. Mag ...... 0'01 ...... 0'01 CastoN)il .eed •• 0 0'01 0·01 ,0' •• 0 Knsumbi t SafIlower) 0'02 0'02 Onion...... 0'02 0'02 Brinjals .. . 0'02 '0 ••• 0'02 Cucumber .. . 0'03 0'03 Chilli.. . .. 0'02 ...... 0.02 SareBov 0{)3 0'03 'Kodra ... 0'07 O·O? ...... I Miscellaneous '0' 0'06 0·01 0'05 l Gras. or fallow ... 17'47 17-47 ...... ~------I---·-- Total ... 100'0 11·34 28'66 APPENDIX B. STATISTICAL TABLE No. IV. To be made out be/ol'e Settlement Detai(o/ Population/or the year 1887-88. MAL". , -. c .... aUD. TotAl of Total .Maleli. Femal.. T&luka. Total columns "".... t,in.iU' 16 Above 15 1I.o'oa. 'Under 16 Abo". 16 Femaiea. fi and 8- ;)'U.rs of yelton ot ,-.are of yea." of ...... Num- p" Num. 'Per ber. cellt. ber. cln". ------I 2 • 3 4 6 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 ---- ~1 r ~- . Hindul, ...... " 3-SS6 4.969 8.855 3.179 4.517 7.896 16,551 2,322 261 '93 Ii Musalmanl ... 1,235 2.961 4.196 1,146 3,411 4,557 8.753 563 131 4 .. E-Hj Parsis " ....-e" 3 ." 8 1 4 ." ". .- 3 75 " . ... Cbriatian, 1 1 •1 1 100 ", , ==< i5 1 ...- ." ...... "...... :§.= I ------lil~ ",11 \ Total ". 5.124 7,932 13,056 4,325 7.928 12,263 25,309 2.889 2\! 97 t APPENDIX C. STATISTICAL TABLE No. V. Occupations of the People taken from the TJ.lulca Records/or 1887-88. Surveyed. l}istric~ Number. Villages. Occupations. 1 2 . 3 , 4 Dhnnc1huk. T,Huku of the Ahmedahad .AgricultUl'RI fi,Oii3. 13 5 ...... Colloctomto ...... ( Non-agricultural ...... 16,256 '" ----- Total ... 25.30U T. R. FERNANDEZ, • Deput.y Superintendent, Refenue Survey, Gujarat. Ca>llp ,41I111cdab,td, 8lh Decembel' 188S. B p·U-4· APPENDIX D. STATISTICAL TABLE No. VI. (To DE llADE ODT BEFORE SErrLEMENT.) Ret,wn ojIlOl!ses, Ohrit·dis, Wells, 9·c., and of Live and Dead Stock for the year 1887-88. , . CARTS AND JlOl"8B9. I PWt:OD8. Honea aud Ponies. Femal~ Buffalo.. Cows. = " ~ 5." ~ Distriet. Surveyed ViIIl\S'cs. r ~ ~ Ii .i_o. :;.:_ I £Jos 1 ~• :." ~ :.~ ~.~ .~ ~ 0 . .] Ii. "~. .. Ii! ~ ~ 'i - l t:t :; 3 ~ . g ~ • ::I:S J:I:4 -e'C j JI -= ] § ~ s: ~ ~ ~ ;§ g {!. a it 5 ~ ~ s ~ ~ ~ ~ i! t!3 5 ~ ~ a i ------:-----/--1------'------1------,--"- 2 3 , 5 ft , 8 9 10 11 12 13 141 15 18 17 18 19 I 20 21 2t 2S " 21 20 17 28 ------I--~--I-- --'------i------I------r-:-- r---- l>hnnllhnk" T:ihtkll of the Alnllctlal.ll\d ColicctornLa .. 13 os 700 1,'79 202 oJ 1.4GO Gl6 M6 2,i3O 4,2010 ljb ... m , '----v.--- 2.106 2~'51 I I APPENDIX E. Statement of 8cllOol8 tvith their average ~ttc1Ia(fnCC jor the year 1887-88 in the Villages of the Dliandhuka Tdluka" GOVERN~E~ ScnoOUL PRIVATB SCHOOLS. , Num1)el' Girls. Boys. of Diatrict. BoY" ROARKI. Yillase., Number of A,"crnge Number of Average. Number of Avemge Schools. Attcudancc. Schoole.· Attendance. 8""0010. Attendance. --- I 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 ~ , r, Dhalldhllk" ...... '"' ... '", 7 609 2 66 2 107 G.,mp lJ"illf',(abad, l T. R. FERNANDEZ, 8tJ~ December 1888., r Deputy Supcrintcnilent, Uevenuo Survey, GujaI"Jt. 15' APPENDIX F. Itat8mBnt showing the Number of Sun' eN Numbers cultivated entirely by the holders in whose names they are entered in the village aCCO'ltnts 01' in partnership with others, as well as the Surve!J Numbers sublet for money or grain payments (lnd thos8 that are waste. I , Number of Nurraber of Survey I':iurvey Numbers •• ~llmber8 not cultivated culti\'sted entirely 'by Number of Number of entirely by the holder! Survey Survey Number of Surveyed VillAg ... the hoMers in wboae Numbers Numbers Survey Grand in whose llame. tb7 8uholet for Bub·let for Numbers Total. REMARKS. names they ar~ 61ltere money' grain w&ate. are entereq but cultiVBted payments. payments. in tho village by them in accounts: partner8hip with othera. , , I 1 2 3 4 ;; 6 7. 8 .r-~o' 10 Dhandhukn ";n.,,, Taillka. of01 • Ie Ahmedabad Colleeto· rte t., ••• 4,568 19 504 l,3i2 487 6,950 , Camp Ahmedabad, T. R. FERNANDEZ, Sth December l8I:iB. } Deputy Superintendent, Revenue Survey, Gujanlt. APPENDIX ,G. Slutemen! of Sale. of Land in the VillageR of ~th. Dhandh,d"a T,iluka of the Ahmedabad Oolioeto"ote taken /I'om the re=ds of the Sub-RegistTar's Office/l'om 1884-85 to 1886-87. (]OVI/;I.IIIIIIJII'l'. ALiIS.lTBD• . Ii .. • Ii • .! e ... a " ~ ~~ Iii "~il.. • Sa lmo or Vllbglt. j ..: ~ RUAlUi:s• . • ..,g • '" .,; :! • .." ~~ ~ f 1I ..,• t ~i ~ lJ ~ 3 ~ ~ .. • !: . ~ ~ .. 'S I f" et- a i i. • e~ 3 I .~ -,; J ] ~ .. .!. t ~ tt r~ ~ .. ~ to § I j '3 §~ s ! •a • t i ~l ~ .. ~ ~i ,. . >:• .. .. ;a w• ... i'S k '" -- 1 - ! A. B. Ro. •••~a. .•. p. n•. •. p. Its. a.p. ... g. a. . •. p. RI. -,... 1l·'Ra• •• p. He. a. p.i WoOoDllpur .. 51 .. 22600107 • .. 801010. 10'" ...... 10 • ... 0 ~ IS 0 t .. • 0011 I 9':iI ...... 8 10 SOO 0 234 {II Ui9'52 to':" ...... I o • • 0 0 I 7 1 ,Ia .• ~ • ...... •.. ... 10 12 3,3iO 0 82U I 0 I , ,j " ...... • '0 0 ~200 I 1 \I.\;pura .. 10 17' IS ... 0 o S 16 0 OS 0 0 0 10118 .. .. - ...... , ! 1 • • i~l' .. .. • I,UD 0 029 11 0 $I 8 0: 1 0 22'11 ...... I I • ! II •• .. , "11 16 7 ,,SO< 0 '4r 0 ... 0101. , "'30 11 00 0 0 00 2 o I S 55 ... 1 • "6 ...... • !~ .. , .. 0 0 20 16 800 '" '.308 • 19&000168 ., ...... " g, !:j I .. 0 0'",0 7 117 0 34'09 1 , 21 ,!to 0 16 0 ,I '.8:13 • ~l 01' It ..... I • • I .. 91' 1~l:ltl .. "11 0 01,,, 15 ~ "'" ...... 0 7 OS 1 '2'83 "6 9: 14,,653 0 OS!t07 227 8 1 0 64'52 0i I 001 1 .. I 0110 11 °' ~141" 100 0 I 00 011 12'6! "1 n , 2,-100 . 58, q 58 0 0' 1 7 "5':;16 • ." • pJ.llllmka , • 1 • • .. ... ',{itI'I ti 8S.615 0 0: 7 14 I 6,051 6 212 I. :',IU6 {I 20 0 5 23712 0 23-,>8 . • 0Il 6 6'861 .. • 1 111 ---I • -- T ..'bl :,2,9li:.l 0 0 10 ,I ::I~ • uj,fi 3 1 7~1--: ,38 13 32,812 0 0 .. " 'i 6:11 G 3 50'"' • ., . I I I' i 1 , j' '1 T. R. FERNANDEZ, Deputy Superintendent, Reyenuc Survey, Gujar:it. 16 APPENDIX H. Statement showing Sub-lellinfls in the Villafles of the Dhrmdhu'ka Tdlu.k4 of the AhmrJ"b,.,d Collec/o/'(J! taken from aLe Records oj the 8ub.Regi8trar" Offi,ce from 1884-85 to lS~6-87. . Th. A" •• numbtor . times til of AVerAge Hnf"'."" Total A.- Total tum f01' Sub.letting A81l(·etfl1ll; Number. .-~ Total A.aeumout. rntu of Name of VillAge. Surver aub~let. which sub-let. rate per Acre. 1'1lljl- A ....,81Iome.Q' I.Cjlul\l lum t b..... per Acre. the which tl Lnnd i~ .ub·ld . . A. g. Rs, a. I p. Rs. a. p. Rs. a. p. R., a. p. , 1 Maudvipura .. , 9 130 38 300 0 0 2 4 8 70 0 0 0 8 7 ,.: 2 Goghla ...... 15 118 29 360 12 0 3 0 8 138 12 0 1 2 8 :a., 3 Sodhi .". ... 11 176 25 409 0 ·0 2 5 1 170 0 0 o 15 Ii 2·', 4- R.mpur ... 30 279 22 1,933 0 '0 6 14 8 596 12 0 2 2- 2 8'! 5 BhadiAd ill 102 14 489 0 0 4 12 5 132 8 0 1 4 9 8.1 ... 1 6 Dhandhuka. , .. 116 5(;4 20 3,938 12 0 6 15 8 1,655 .4 0 21411 2", , ------0 Total ... 197 1,372 28 7,430 8 0 5 6 8 2,763 4 0 2 0 S 2', I Camp Ahmedabad, } T. R. FERNANDEZ, \1 8th December 1888. Deputy Superintendent, Revenue Survey, Gujalj ~ APPENDIX I. Statement showing Mor/gage Transaction. in th. ViUarTes of the IJhandl",ka Taluka of the Ahm.dabad ColwctoN" lalconfrom the Recora.. of the Sub-Regi8trar'8 OUice/rom 18S~·85 to 1886-87. .., , ALlU.lt'ID. , ~ ~ 0 ~• a ~ 5 Name of ,. '"0 .. Village, !i t :: l 0 oS i '"'; a j ".. 0 d S '5 e it 0 < ~ t .. ~ - " A. g. a.. .~ p. llt... p. Be. .. p. Ra. .. p. A.. If. 1 A'nD.D.dpur •.. 16 .0 829 0 0 61 18 0 21 0 0 1 5 0 '80't8 •.• • " 2 Sel& ... 1 3 3 l,,432 0 0 «16 11 1 28'0 OlB 678'10 • .aiD 1,.2400 116 (600)6862111 3 Valida ..• ... 1 S 1& 800 0 0 91 10 10 6 0 0 0 11 • 133'60 7' 78 17 6,425 0 0 q I 0 78 8 0 1 0 8 ,,",'to , Mindvipwa IS 14"72 ... '48 '" 72900 "Uti '080 o • • \ fi Goghla , .• .. 18 ~2U 32 4,D:\40017810 mao 1 '10 13'.8 ::: ~ A'mbli •.. .. 2 , U 16 1,160 0 0 64 S S .. 0 • o 16 8 OS,. ,. .It,, 9.oIlHJ 0 0 113 8 0 '; Sodbi •.• ... • lSi} 27 8,GOOOOl.~98 197 0 0 1 0 11 18''''/ S Ranpur , .. 70 649 I, 20,485 0 0 31 8 8 ,81 8 0 1 •• "' ... • Ii 11 1,220 0 0 tI~ 0 2'1 0 0 I 6!. "'21 \} , Bbadi&d , .• ... 55 3~); 10 H,e20 0 0 :!1 4 2 f19 18 0 , 30'97 9J 636 11 31,93f 0 0 69 9 11 67. e 0 \ 1 1 0 ~4J'Jl ! ·'1 .• 10 . KamiAla •• , " lOti 10 ",m 8 0 3912 7 128 0 0 1 8 ! SS"07 18 HI aa ',usa 0 0 Ie 12 8 It1!.o f 0 I 1 f e Be'''' n Uhandhub "'1 Zi6 1,63;' 10 18,519 0 0 /" • o ; 2,015- 12 011 8 8 9'20, ~ 246 ao •• 6Ui '8 0 UI 12 6 876 12 0 \. 1 8 to 12'. !,-- --'1-----, .,1_----_·_------1---,- I ., Total --: 4{18 1 !,404 5 i 70,695 8 0 i 20 12 3 i 4,001 !) 0 i 1 2 I 17'00 j 1M 1,254 2 68;.02 8 0 ,5.,1 18 10, 1.,!¥,I 10 0 \1 a 2 oIri'r , Camn .A. lnllcfl,tl,a "1, } T. R. FERNANDEZ. •. ~ ·Sth D'e,mba 1888. D~puty Superintendent. Hevenue Survey, G"j~ 17 APPENDIX J. Statement showing the Prices prevalent in the Dhflndhuka. TtUuka of the Ahmedabad Colleetoratefor.41 years from 18.47-.4! to 1887-88. M-ustTBBD BEBS 01' 40 TOLAS nB IlDPBL YeaJ'l. Wheat. Uncl ...... d Cotton (Kalal. c. , 1847-48 ...... , .. , ... ." 48! 491 1848.49 ...... 69. . D81 1849.50 ...... 80 D31 1850-61 ...... ,...... 61 521 1851-52 ...... , ...... 491 36, 1852-53 ... .,. . , ...... an 28t lS03-54 ...... , ...... 85i 801 1854-55 ...... 32 26! 1855-56 ...... ' ...... 32 27 1856-57 ...... 45f . . 251: , 1857·58 ... , ...... 32! 121 1858·59 ...... 32 121 1859-60 ...... 22{ 13i 1860-61 ... .., ...... 231 - 12. 1861-62 ... 0" ...... 20 81 1862·63 ...... 10 41 1863-64 ...... 14 6} 1864-65 ...... 171 121 1865-66 , 28 ...... I 81 1866-67 ...... ~ ...... , .. 371 171 1867·68 ...... 24j 121 IS68·69 ...... , .. . 10 lOt 1869-70 ...... 1St 121 1870-71 ...... 241 261 1871-72 ...... " . .,t.• 28t 140t IS72·73 ...... '" '" ...... 361 171 1873.74 ...... " ...... 35i 20t 1874-75 .. , ...... , .. .. . 35i 171 1875·76 ...... ,.,...... 35i 20t 1876-17 ... .,. , ...... 29 18 1877·78 ...... 10 171 1878·79 ... .\. ... • _0, ...... 20 17 1879-80 .. , ...... 37t 161 1880-81 ...... 42{ 171 1881·S2 ...... '" ...... 29 171 1882-83 ...... '" ...... 29 19• 1883·8' .. , ... '" ...... 32 16f 1884.85 ...... 40 18! 1885·86 ...... '" ...... , 421 181 1886·87 .. , ...... '" ... 29 171 T. R. FERNANDEZ, Oamp .A hmedabad, I Deputy Superintendent, RAlvenue fiuney. Gujarnt. 8th December 1888. J B 941-5 APPENDIX K. Revenue History lor 13 ViUagea situated in the Dhamdhuka 'l'tiluka olthe A.hmedabtulColleclorate in which the Survey S.!tlemenlwaB introduced in lhe ye"r 1857-68. , tJlfoocunn AstK88BD AUna LAND 'l'Jra R.'Vun OP WHIOH II ToTAL LJ.1Q). 00"... 11111.,.. 00I.r0Plu. OCX:UPIIlD LMm PAlING Assllftl2ltt '1'0 OOVBRlUIUT, OOVBlUiIlBNT LAND. WBNAt&o UTIBKU 01L PAJI.'I'ULL't (IItb). 1JJloootIPiSD. AlfD 1111!II., IlaIan"" outstandingj R ...... y ..... ~ Remissiona. Realization Total or ITotal Aaoament' (!GllectlnoL 1M the duee Ocoupled ""' ...nd .... I-__-, ___ ..,- ___ Balance Fun Ihom Auction Full Colledloll8, Columna Tokl of CoIUl&nah-ota! Column 01 7f1U• ...... Aa8eam.eni. Sale of GftU!. standardl I of Acre.. A ..cumon$. 1- Collected...... uae.me-n\. QuJi-rent., &c. 2, 8 and 11. B.» and 12. 7,10 and 18. Pennane~t.1 CuuaJ. I TotaL ""l. 1 1 • • , • G 7 • • 10 11 12 1.1 u 10 16 v 18 A. g, Ra. a;, p. B& a.. p. n... a. p, 1l8... p. A. g, BA. 0, p. R& .. p. A. g. lb. .. p. B&. ... Po A.. g. Re.... Po 1lI... p. RL L Po 1&2,53·.. 29,1105 S6 SlI,H818 9 83,'7-i8 18 9 to,I~, 6 "1". 5.1. 6 7 10,986 to U,8H" 14& 6 1 69,61721 711,fi63 1 It 89,.87 8 6 118 '1 21 18b8-M 28,707 SS 80,98! e 5 SO,ltI:! 6 6 42,571 !Ii ",172 6 It Itt,P20 10 fl,737' 682 '1. 8 91,199 83 U,1I910 0 36,137 a 8 89 It 8 1864.·56 2~,767 lZ fS,fH e 7 ..... 13,<174 6 7 411,650 Sll ',361 0 0 2O,MI!6 f2,tl./iS' 0 688 810 91,669 19 S",)I21 10 1 .S,US 15 • 1.187 6 6 18!)5·58 29,9'6 9 40,644 12 0 40,6404 J2 0 41,882 16 ".... S,UO S 9 19,{rlO 10 41,737 4 0 662 16 8 91,248 34 82,a82 0 0 U,3~T 1.6 6 ,. 1 8 lt16U-:i7 .. 29,91612 68,141 11 48,'.7 0 11 41,446 0 8.,007 7 9 19,tl79 6 .t,7tS IS 0 788 11 8 91,24017 90,896 11 11 62,0" 8V8 18 7i 'loki .' uo,s::sji'i' 1.91J,S97 78 ------1.v6.8U7i8 208,001 • I 11,f89 0 10 : 100,03880 2.10iMilt"O a:tMOv =tiC,986-; "07,7ti8 '"i8 2,2~1I8 --;:108.- Average ., I 20,366 18 59,SjD 7 11 ~9,SiD 7 11 I .... , ...... I ',286 11 0 -;o.oOi"i4 '1,17S16 --oao 1'1111 90,991 0 81.1167 10 8 44,8 II I 420 11 a: ... 00 1867·58 ID,f~ 21 1t,140 8 0 l,SSt Ill! 1,8M 1 11 1t.917., I 16,99T t9 12,2'2 8 0 6,639 0 0 U,'T'.!7 88 18,372 11 ~ TfIS' 4 60,184" 611,384]! 0 tlI,'l39 16 11 1,262 11 '. Im·fiS 21,6622tJ 2iI,fS7 0 0 aw 0 0' SVD 0 l ~8,05S (I 0 13,j:OO 2Y 10,U? 8 0 ',980 III 8 14,84812 19,008 0 ~i l,lPO 11 0 5o,O::!6 i7 &7,"11 8 0 "',2111 8 8 1,087 , t: 1S5{)'OO 28,37' 96 80,118 l' 0 8O,1181C 0 H,IM 22 8,089 8 0 ~,il:la- 0 0 I4.MB 89 19,073 0 1,IM" 0 60,1"169 18 iR,:J81" 0 37,11'15 J 0 • 0 186U.fil 26,17826 31,700 12 0 • .... 81,790 12 0 10,8"'6 7,710 8 0 7,988" 0 14,fi69 39 10,020 0 (, 1,052 0 0 60,08& 16 68,.',21' 0 ~,~Il 1 0 .... j at IMl-62 r.,!J:!O 3' 33.9ll:' I' 0 3::1.1'!4 12 0 7.6-15 S9 6,111. 0 e,"77 1 8 14,56939 19,073 0 ~ 1,~' 12 0 6O,1~ 8'l 68,100 0 0 &1,11:.6 (II I ••.. ItI62.(18 ::IO,7iQ 8 8';,&19' 0 85,699 4 a 1,4pa 2U 2,629 t 0 6,8u 10 0 l4,A&9 ae 19,073 0 ~ 1 0..... 11 0 .0,7iS!7 67 fOl 8 0 43,liP5 10 0 .... 11'16.'\·(If 80 [>6ij 18 f3,3tIC 10 0 '8,<'16& 10 0 f,~tiG SA 6.l1JS 8 0 S.US6 8., 1••• 51 29 ~1,3\13 8 2 2:7!.9 If 0 '9," 81 10: .. 51 10 0 66,Bl 0 e lSI I 1 186-1·66 31,511 29 f",OO3 10 0 f4,96S 10 0 1.402 S8 1, .. 6! 8 0 21,8;n .. 0 1',41(110 11,ilO 0:: 2,~S"J 8 0 f8,33O iT 88.,188 I 0 tI9,117" 0 U II 0 1865·60 Il,H28 24 ",tID!! 11 0 ",M II- 0 2.t>83 If. 2,461 11 0 9,008 0 0 Ho.ne 10 21,710 D 0 8,086 8 0 "Ii,9'J3 18 61;,8" 7 0 6ti.786 , 0 .... , UiGG~7 .~ ~8,OIS 106 ~,id\l 0 0 .. 16 11 • 1611 118,26' 0 1 l,S77 j l,ttl 0 0 10.448 0 0 1.,0109 17 b,On' 0 1,11)0 11 0 CD,I.i'CW: II 8(1,567 e 0 MI,1:>7J It I 7111 0 I Tokl ~~-8,6C,;;oIO--'-'-"-I~~' 1,286 ~~7h~~-22,1KI8 8 68,139 8 ()i..~~I-iOO 14o.~80 2.,01,100100 J8,i68 8 • 498,6101S 6,21,_ 16 0 r-;:-.:"w---.-se,;;:;--ot! A verap •. 1 17,53 &l -."01 0 I '''4 ~ I m iii II BO.l7v e 6! '.JUG 38! ~818 1& 8 ~ t\ln 'I 14,1130 10 10,110 1 0 1,82111 8 4i,361 I 62,_ 16 10 &8,7",.. e60. 61 IM7·es S8.928 0 '.,7fl • 0 ''',T41 G 0 1.I7S 16 011 8 0 11'!98 T2 0 If,'n S5 22,135 8 3,29& 1 0 .9,524 to ftP,788' 0 61,338 I " ~ 1~·68 M,It! 22 ,II,.f\9 8 0 18' 'j )0 if'710 46.... \j 14 :t J,&H. 15 1,1~ 8 0 U,M-.6 0 0 ].t.fl7 36 il,9fi8 I 8,101111 0 '9,S:t6 at tID,MS 0 0 e.l58 8 I ::::1 Ist.O·jO 't,liO 2 U ..... " • CfI,1I111 If 0 »38 6 1Y.8 0 0 9,4110 0 r H.U7 as 11,1'.8 10 s,14.O 3 0 "9,5:.'6 2 "'.638 B 0 60,:"060 1 7 ,0 0, 1&711.':'1 801,100 21 ",U9 G 0 .7,119 & 0 illil 1 761 0 0 T,fi~~ 0 0 If"U6 e 21.~1 10 ~,16~ .. 0 "9,.';26! IP,s.:>8 0 0 67,~.-o 10 0 II 16 Ii bil·7lf 34,:m 31 t7,t7e. 8 0 t7,t76 " 0 S\!8 , 6Si' 0 0 ~,-I78 IS 0 H ,"'15 I 21,!l:1O 10 1.0'.16 • (} f9,(>7, 8 "'.8113 0.0 foV,!U9 7 0 ".. . IB7::!·T3 SoI,ttl, IS '6.PlH Q 0 .1\~191 G 0 gl.\ 38 . 6'.'1 It 0 9,!:tikl 16 G 14,637 18 22,061 1:1 G S,IJI'S J 0 "9,ti159 , ",a4. It 0 00,\173 e' o. 0, 1873·74 34,l':!1 8lj oI1,"d G 0 41,4U e. 0 7tH 36 &a It 0 1",138 • , 14,537 18 lH,061 12 0 S,fl9l 1 0 50,12111 'iO,IM 14 0 8O.tiit 11 7 .... I 18701·76 ~,SIO 38 47,!i~ 8 0 47.511~ 8 0 687 • ""1 12 0 i,SIH 1 D 1iI,I'&i II 21,1'71 8 (I I,f~ II 0 M,l'" It ~,1.18" )0 0 156I,51f t' •• 0- 167r;·76 Sb.O'.al 36 ',,797 U 0 n.iu7 U 0 j .. l ~ f06 19 0 10,0160 I' 8 It,OO1 8:$ '21,1100 0 0: S,W:! II 0 6t!.3jg 23 70,2U 10 0 ,u,aoo 7 8 ,: .. - I __ ,S49 IJ 0 lJI7d·jf ...... 48.1149 G 0 130 .. 455 ,0 8,031 6 0 14,807 • iJ,1HS 4, 13 a,ov:! 7 0 6J,4't6 11 ';0,0.:.2 I" 0 dO,m t 0 ~ TI.4al "/ s ..~~ 19 f.r2.I)'jOi!oj-~-f~ 7 10! Ie v 10 1.'12.~ C 2! .. 9,tI()(J 116.981 , 0188,. ..5 2 81~~ 12,20,019lt (II ;'l,D7 " 0 499,0i3 .. :It 6,W,Sil 11 0 l7.~l!iO -io iii .. ~~r-;;;-::: -I Ayenp " a4,aai as 417,:!87 1 t! .. II I 1 10 .. i 1 10.. u.~ 6 10 i guo fA CIt8 2: 0 . 8.&6" 8 8 1-f,606 ,I 22,001 16 71 1a,l2I 11 10 tB,m III 8,987 I • I Ie,Z!IO 10 11 • 0 11: ·O€------~.6~~~--~------~------...~ ...... : • : •• ," : : r I: : : : : : : 00 ., 00 22222-2 sooce-t "'1'40\1<:111111400110<301 ~ ~ ~ ~~!=:~0II0if ~!EE!! 00'00000000 ., OInlli!l~~~f,!ia f~rlgr::g;~~~ ~i~~~~ii~i ., 0000000000 0000'00 ., _000000<014"'...... 011011 ...... e- ... t-t-~ ., 0 ., ="'OUUUI !igg~~~~~a m!i!!! Ei;ii!oicfof;;;f~ii ~OI.U"IOI" ~~~i!i .. • 00 CIa • "0 001 .." !l.. Ji:OO ; ~-. ... 0000000<:000 .. .. .0.01<:1101101 & & =OO{ll) .... ~~~~ ~ CD!:! !3 !::GIIlD OI~"~r~;;'!!!!"! "gB8=~ ..... ooOiS ... oo~a~ ~ , IS_" ...... . ~"~ g;~~::;ia ~!~i;; 0002~S;2211'32 SOD OfIIMOIIMCtOl G "" ...... 0 . : . .. · ... : : · . :!~!!~!!5! . .. "~."''''''''0iI .. : ~ : : : :g~llg&;;:!" : : : ...... IQ~ ..::: : : ~: : : ., 0000000000 .. 21O~O"'''' .. GOIC"OOMe.OII'DII .. ~:S~:S"''' ~-" " ~:{~~~~~~~~ ...... ::::!=~!!!! i:~~~~~:~:: fl":$i~;::~:!!::::;; "~s:~al !~~~~g !~iS§~$gi'l ..: :I~>i:i!i:ii:i:i;a ...... · . : .. : ; : ; ; .! :::; .. : : .• ! : : ! :::: : i 11&!~\f!l!i .. i~!i!· 20 , APPENDD . , General Stalement ,·efeo.,.ed to in paragr~ph.u of the Depllty Sliperin18"den!'. Report No. 75~. dllle,lat I , t t BY roaMn BuaYR, \ s -:n- -;I j OO\"ummenfi Ooeul.f.ed Land. Oovot'Dmf!nt l1nON'O- I'iad .A~ Land. e .. ~ i Name 01 Vtl1,age. = I :is odd • 1 . "0,8 l~ = •• DlJ'--crop. Rico. 0 ...... Totlll. ~~ !i ~~ I Ii Ii ... ~. <& . A .... '-_1IJIt " I~ "" :!~J j. .u.... "-neat. A_· A.... A_, ~ SU t~ ,!:oa .2 ...... Dum'. blellt. 1.-. '" '" f------~ 1 B • .. • 7 8 • •• II '1 18 II .. I. ------f-- Ile. •. Ba. a, A. g. A. g. A- ~. p. A- g. a.. .. A- g. a..., A. IlL p. •• .. •• .. A. •• Ill. L 1'- 1 Dbondhuka »,777 1,784. 11 8,812 27 1'1,291 ., ., . 8 7,161 10,199 8 0 ...... • • • • .. • ... 28\ • '.DO'I ., • II • C BAnpor 1,660 8,607 ',036 II 0 ., . 182 17 .,'lB2 0 II ( • '" ... • • • • ..... • ...... • ..... • .. - .. • Sodhi ... S 0 GJBIS 1 s,IWa It 6,81J ., •• 087 0 ., 5,.818 " 0 II '" ... • • ...... 'IIO ISO 0 ,• • _.09'1 • BIwlIAd ...... J 0 I • 10,926 6 1,INB .. 6,260 • 0 ...... •• 6."1 8 0 1.. 110 .00 II ( Kaml6la. ... 0 2,707 lIS I 1,4611 " 1,699 8 0 ...... 1,.69 0 I< o , • ... • ••• ...... • • 9 I • A'~andPur ...... "'1 l~ • 0 675 1 167 .. ... 1. 8118 • 0 ...... • 0 ...... 7 Vd.llda ", ...... 112 • 0 2.746 II> ',726 1. 1.777 ., 1.'110 ,8 0 ...... 1,717 .. 1,.16 8 • ... • ., .., ,; A'n.bU ,., ...... 0 , 6,S3& 3,76a 8,10& 0 6 16 0 .oO 8,768 s. a,llt 0 387 0\ • '" • ..... • '7 • • '" • .. ... Kimitall.v 'oO ... l,~a 1,78.1 1,175 910 0 0 oO. ... 1,176 01' 0 17 0 • ", • • • .. S' ...... • l' •• d 1. 1,298 ,. 170 , oO' Bela ...... • • ,.. SO " 8 0 ...... 8 0 01 7 O. • a 11 Gogbla ... i ll,l(K II" . .,016 oj ...... III lV D'l 2,078 ',615 8 0 ...... ',or8 8 .., q ,. ". • • .. • • • .. ... M6ndvipura ... . 1 ~,~11 8,86C 8 0 , 'oO oO' I .... BU•• 8 188 to' '" 1 '.866 ...... a • • " " ••• • ••• I r------61,9~C, 88 S9 2,7OS 111 Total oO' ...... lI,iBO ...101 8 .6,206 • 0 • 8 10 0 •• n. 86,240 88 67,lIiG • 0 2.DD' • l,st' II ~ 13 AnWi JUthinl oO' 2,391 I .. 1 1.096 1 oO' , oO' 1.... , 1 ... 112 •• 718 • ...... m ... .. 111 • " ------:.. • Grand Total ...... 84,316 11 at,S87 o 35,891 '6,919 10 1 1. 0 ',708 12 38,837 II M,689 8 1 1.-808 ,;.' '" .. • • ...... Camp Ahmedabad,.. 8th Decemter 1888• 21 L. December IS88,/or 19 Gover"",.".' Villagu ,ituated'n tM Dh4ndhuka PaZuka 01 the :A.hmedabtul Colketarate. ~.rcentag. , B'r a.vwo. 8v...... DUr.nnt'e_ .. ofL . •U .!l QOMmmen' CUll· Oovemmetlt Uooooa • Qonmm8D' Oaoupled L¥uL ••Jted Dry-crop (or p1ed_lModL Nil" BIOI) Ludl. ~Go=.=r::dL ~~ ...... A... ToW Ana ...Uable to 110' .nJl· ~ ror8ubeoll Not ...... ror Aaa.ed tor 8ubloll (,'w,lvatJon, able tor w_. 8ubloO WalClr. W..... " iPohldlDJ Oui''''ltoUon...... U ...... - meut...... menL .0- A ..~. •• ~ ...- _L i ...... monl. "- meat. J J ..t a II) - 17 18 .. II ...... Ii .. 17 18 .. .. 'II II II ---'------~ 10. a.. .. A- lII. A- I'. lIo. A- • • lit. .L g • ... g. 11& 11& Ba. .. p. .. r. ". I· •• •• ...... ••TtI 11 I.m II ....1 II 10,88r 1 1.,881 11.,. ICIO 7,lfI ,. o 0 ...... '" ...... 8 '''SO' I • .. ... • , ...... 18 1...... ~,. • ,...... ' 1,678 • ,;. c II .. roo let ... • • • ....1 10 8.TOI ...... ,., 18 ',eee • ...... '.'IIT 18 ...... -... • ..... 0 6at .. 110 • , , . e,1&l 1. .,188 ·111 ".nII 1.66» • ...... , ...... 10 ..... , iIo .. .. • "i ... • l,ng It ...... ' I ••n I .... 0 ...... I.fn 1.... , ... .. tot .. 1 ~ ..... • ." • •• ITl 11 In .. ... '.' eo. 1 808' ...... 1 808, ...... ut ... 1 • 1 1...... 1.UI I 1.810 • 1. 1 .... 1 '.888 IT • ...... 1.71' i II. *" os 11 .. • • _.UT II • ,,'1& .. .. o 1 01.'151 II ...... • • 8 ...... 8.711 IS ..... 1 .., n 188 • I6f ... 1 0 1 1.... • VII 18 ...... 1.18'1 .. 1.010 • "...... ••107 ia9 1,020 « .. 17 .. 8 Iii .. . 01' 0 l ••• 1 It ...... II '11 0 ...... Ms .. ntl II ,- m 6 It ... 1 I t "' • .... I . .... 10 ...... , , ...... It "8 D .1., .. 1 ".... • • . • t 18 1 ...... 1,81' 80. , ...... 1,817 •. <1111 no 86 190 • ... D , 8 .....I ..... • ------61.061 81 ... m II e.UG 11 17,771 028,'1. ., ..,881 8 -11 0 lit! 148 o h,_ 18 l.td 18 o • I,m a lIt 10 Of.'" I I6f .... J."l .. 808 II ~ .. • lOll .. 081 ...... 1,101 l~ ..... , .. 118 CI ... 018 • "" ------.;,...... II Ii,'" • t,lIl 11 18,71" o se,SIO 11 t6.9" 8 • • •• 1111 1" ...... I 8...... I ...... 88i ... 111 • - , T. It. FERNANDEZ, Deput>' Superintendent, Revenue Survey, Gujarat. . . t .9'1-8 22 No. 107 or 1857. FROM A. ROGERS, ESQUIRB, -- Settlement Officer in Gnjarttt : J. W. HAD OW, ESQUIRE, Collector of Ahmedabad. . ' Camp Kul'Q'I 17th November 1857. SIB, I have the honour to snbmit, for the sanction of Government, a proposal for the introduction, during the present fair season into the undermentioned villages of the Dhandhuka Pargana< of the Ahmedabad Collectorate, of an experimental • revision of assessment accordin~ to the principles of the Bombay Revenue Survey as contained in the. printed J omt ~eport, a~d to .inform y?U that as it 'Yill pret bably take Bome time for the reqUired sanction to be received and my time will subsequen~l~ be fully taken up ,!,ith t~e,settlement ?f the Viramga.m .Pargalla· for the revIsion of the assessment In whICh proposals will also shortly be forwarded 1 purpose commencing the introduction of the settlement early next month' 'giving the rayats to understand that it wilI (lnly hold good if the new rate~ receive the formal sanction of Governmen~. r ' 3. The villages are as follows, and consist of KMls~ villages and Talukdari villages under Khalsa management;',distinguishedin the list by the letters K and T after their names :- ' 1. Khan K. 16. Klimoitaltlo K. 2. Rahtaloo K. 17. Kasindra T. 3. Bhimtaloo K. '18. Gamph T. 4. Bha.ngar K. 19. Kumiall .. K. 5. MaMdevpura K. 20. Ane.ndpur K. 6. JM\lki K. 21. Dhandhuka K. 7. Mangalpur K. 22. Pod.. oa T. 8. Mandvipura K. 23. Ghorasu T. 9. Mudi K. , U. \Unkewtllia T. 10. Sodt K. 25. Chokdi T. 11. 13hariad K. '26. Pipri.. T. 12. Goghla K. 27. Nav.. da'1'. 13. Amli K. '28. Panvi T. H. Walinda K. 29. Ranpur K. 15. Sel.. K. , '- j In addition to these there are three Talukdari villages, viz., Cher, Kadipur,41nd ,Parbri, not under Khalsa 'management, which have been surveyed and dassi. . fied, the introduction of a ,revised settlement into which forms the subject of a .separate correspofidence. The Talukdari villages under Khalsa management mentioned in the foregoing list will be settled under the rules in force for that ,class of villages, there being no. prospect of the attachment upon them being. raised for many years to come. :. • 3. A glance at a map of the district will show you that the villages to be settled are very much scattered, the first twenty only being situated in a toler. ably continuous strip of country running from north to Bouth on the western coast of the Gulf of Cambay from the Bhogawa Creek to that on which ther0rt of Bauliari lies. They comprise, moreover, but a sman portinn of the area 0 the whole district which contains 182 villages of an estimated total area of ' 4. The district was not brought under the operatiorill of the former revenue survey of part of (be CoIIectorate under Captain Cruikshank, and only ~ few of what are called the Bhata villages in the vicinity of Dholera have beeD .surveyed subsequently by your own survey establishment. . 5. The accounts connected with the formcr revenue management of eveD the Khalsa villages mentioned above· are 80 imperfect and unsatisfactory as to . afford no kind of relia.ble basis on which to form proposals f?T money rates of 23 assessment upon the land, the nominal area under cultivation being found by measurement to be completely fallacious, ar'ld the method of a.~sessment having hitherto been the II Bhligbat81" or division of produce, with perhaps a. larger share than usual of the complications of that system., . 6. For these, and the reasons enumerated in the two preceding paragraphs, . it would be unsafe to recommend that Government should 'commit itself to the ' maintenance of certain rates of assessment for any lengthened period in the villages now proposed for revision, as they can only bEl. fixed by teference to general considerations with regard to the transiti~n state the country is DOW in, and might be found from experience of their working to be inapplicable ~hrough:- 'out the district. On this acc~unt I wish the sanction of Government to the rates I am about to propose to be such as to enable me to introduce them ex perimentally, and, if such should hereafter be thought advisable only as a tem .poraq measure for the p.urpose of acquifing experience of the pitch of assessment, to be adopted generally m the Pargana.. . 7. The Dhimdhuka Pargana is so level, lleing in fact' one large plain intersected by a. few streams whiob. mostly disappear exoept during the freshes in the rains, that there ar~ no varieties of climate of sufficient extent to present grounds upon which to mark out different classes of villages, and thedifferenees of assessment neeessarily arising from varieties in the soil are fully provided for' by our system of elassification. The distance or proximity of available markets, therefore, and the general condition of the agricultural classes are the only .con siderations upon which it will be right to ma.ke a. difference in the maximum rates of Bl)sessment in the district.· , . . . _ ,J 8. The principal markets in the Pargana are in the town of Dhandhuka itself, at the port of Dholera. and at the towns of Ranpur, Burwa.lla and Bot&d: The last of these may for the present be left out of the consideration, and the value of agricultural produce at Ra.npur can only affect the rates of assessment' in the single town of that name. Of the remaining three, Dhandhuka must rank higher than Dholera on account. of the dealings of the merchants at the former . place in agricultural produce being more extensive than those of the nlerchants at Dholera, who ar!!, for the most part, Iftere shipping agents, and the market of BUrWalla as the' third in importance. The condition of the aglli~ultural popula tion in tile district around Oholera, influenced probably to some extent by the want of fresh water and the bare inhospitable nature of the soil, is decidedly inf~rior to that of the people living further inland. ,; 9. Upon these considerations, and by comparison of the general circum stances of the district with those of the neighbouring Pargana of Dholka into which the revised system has successfully been introduced; together with aver~es of produce. &c., as nearly accurate as can be determined from the imperfect m formation relating to former collections, &c., found upon the records, the follow ing are the maximum rates of assessment on dry-crop lands; I would beg to propose the introduction of these rates experimentally into the various villages mentioned in paragraph 2_ They are classified, in as far as tlleir scattered posi. tion will admit, according to the markets already mentioned:- Ma.ximum. No, N .... of village. Nam& of Market.. Dry.crop - Aaleasment .R.J:WAUS. pe; Acre.. - , Re. a. 1 Dhandhuka ...... Dbandhuka...... 2 8 I Pud ..na ,Do, ... '" ...... 2 4- 3 Chokdi . ,.. ... Dbaodhnka and Burw~la. 1 8 4. Pipria ••• ... Do. ... 1 8 5 Uokewalia ...... Do. I 8 Bhariad '" 6 ...... Dholera ..~ ., . l! 0 '1 Gorliso ...... Do. ••• ... l! 0 8 KhuD ... ••• Do. ... • .. , 2 0 9 IlhimtaUo ... '" Do. ••• ... 2 0 10 Rahtalo .-. , ... Do. M' ... 2 0 11 Mudi .. , ... Do, ._. ' ... 2 0 12 Goghla ... .. , Do. ~. ... 1 12 M.ximum JI .. N..... of Vw.. Name 01 )lark ... Dry- , A .....mea' a... ••· - per Aore. IlL .. 13 Amli •...... Dholera ...... , 12 14. Walinm...... Do. ... .,. 112 ·16 Kamata160 .... , ' . ... Do. ... -. 1 12 16 !lela ... .~ ; .... Do...... 1 11 , ..... Do., ·17 K ...indra ... • ... ." 1 12 18 Gaml?h ...... DhBndhuka and Dholera ... In 19 Sodhi ...... Dholera ...... 1 12 20 Bhangar ...... Do...... 1 8 21 Mah4devpura '" .. , Do...... I 8 • 22 Mangalpur ... ." no...... 1 0 '23 JMnki (waste) ... Do ...... 1 0 24 Mandvipnra ...... Do...... J (Raised for be· 25. Kami"lI...... Do. ... •• 1 8• iog near the 26 Anandpnr ...... Do...... 1 8 t:!.of Ban• 27 Navda ...... Burw411a ...... 1 8 28 P'nvi .. , ... Do...... 1 8 29 B&npnr ...... Mopur ...... 1 12 - .' 10, Of t~ese ~ill~es only. four have any nce cultiyatlOn',the only con. 61derable quantity bemg 1D the village of Navda. For this speCies of cultiva. tion I propose a maximum water-rate of Rs. 3 per acre, to ,be levied in the llame manner as that. settled in the Dhollca Pargana, '!liz. the total rental of a field being subdivided jnto dry and wet crop assessments, the latter to 1Je levied when any kind of wet crop is raised and the former under all other circumstances. I have not yet had an opportunity I)f examining these viUages personally, but intend, if the rice cultivation should appear sufficiently perp!i1.nent, to convert the whole rentals into fixed assessments in order to get rid of the uncertainty arising from the adoption of the Dholka plan, which has been carried out merely from the . great fluctuations in the annual fan of"l'ain in that district. . ., 11. With reference to lands irrigated from permanent well8, or by mean8 of the water-bag from the small streams that intersect the district, it will be n~ry to place an assessment upon the "Kos" or water-bag in most parts of the Pargana, especially in lands watered ,from streams, on account of the uncertain nature of the culUvation. The water of the wells, however, noi being 80 liable to tum brackish here as in the DhQlka Pargana, I purpose, whereyer it may be found practicable, to consolidate the dry and wet crop asse88ments into pennanent field rentals. I would propose a maximum assessment of Rs. 10 per water.bag as adopted in Dholka, and will report the extent to which the plan of . pennanen~ rentals may be found practicable in 1'EIporting on the general result of the expenmental settlement. .' 12. On applying the proposed rates to the area of land under cultivation in ~~~.!! in 25 out of the 29 villages to be settled, I find that their introduction in that year would have caused a diminution of revenue of about Rs. 17,980 or 30 per cent., the receipts under the old system having been Rs. 59,014·7·2 and those estimated according to the new rates being Rs. 41,628 -11·4. The latter, when compared with, the average receipts under the division of produce system for the ten years from Samvat 1903 to Samvat 1912 inclusive, gives a diminu tion of about Rs. 15,800 . or 27t per cent., but the ultimate I?ennanent increase beyond that average from the large quantity of land now lYlDg waste that will by degrees be brought into cultivation will probably exceed 18 per cent. This result must be a matter of time, as a great deal of the waste land lies in the scantily populated and miserable villages on the borders of the Gulf of Cambay to the south of Dholera. If the present high price of cotton should however continue, the increase in the area under cultivation may be expected to be verJ rapid when the cultivators in addition to receiving the benefit of a light assess ment will be relieved from t~e innumerable delays and vexatious inconveniences inseparable from a system of taxation framed upon eye_timates of cropL To show how futile would be any attempt to draw any trustworthy conClusions .. to the suitable~~ Qf·the Jlew rates 'from averages of receipts under such a 25 system under which those receipts vary, not only with the area under cUltivation and the variations of uncertain estimatel!l', but also with the market value of agricultural produce; I nl!ed only mention. that although the cultivated area in :'::",'!':: was 1,267 bighas in excess of tb,at in l::1amvat 1912,' the revenue in the former was more than Rs. 20,000 less than in the latter year, and that in Sam vat 1907 it rose at once, nearly Rs. 4a, No. 5!i5 011' 1&58. FROII J. W. HADOW, ESQUIRE, Collector of Ahmedabad; Tu • A. ROGERS, ESQuuiE. Settlement Officer, Gujrmtt. , J.km~daba(J, Collector's Camp, Pardntv', 14th May 1858. SIR, With,reference to your letter No. 107, dated 2nd November 1857, I have . N ." d d 7th Ma the honour to forward the accompanyil!~ copy oca com· 18;8 0, Still, ate 1 munication* from the Revenue CommISSioner, N. D., , and request you will have the goodness to furnish,the information called for in paragraph 2 as regards the plan proposed for assessing the rice land according as it may be cnltivated with wet Qr dry erops. ~ I beg you will also forward the diagrams with th~ additional informa.tion called for in paragraph 3. :,', ': I have the honour, &c., J. W~ HADOW, , Collector• • 941-7 26, -No:869 or 1858 • • Faol4 E. G. FAWCETT, EliQUIIUI, • Revenue Commissioner, N. D. ; To 1. w. HADOW. ESQUIRE, C'ollector,Ahm~dabad: • Re'Venlt~ Commis8iollel"s Offic~, Camp }'flitherrilz, 7th Mag 1858. &~ , " 'I have tJ1e honour to acknowledge the receipt of your memorandum No. 1198, dated 8th December last, with atl('ompaniment, and in reply to state that I have no objection to Mr. Rogers settling the Dhandhuka Pargana under his pro posed rates this year. 2. Paragraph lQ of Mr. 1to~ers' letter is not RufficientIy explicit. I re quest you will be good enough to mform me whether I am ri~ht in understand. ing,that, the maximum rate ofRs. (3-0-0) three per acre Will b.!levied in thol!e years only when the fall of rain may be sufficient to- admit of rice or other crop requiring considerable moisture (which should be speCified) being planted, the levy, at other times being regulated according to the rates enumerated in Mr. Rogers' preceding paragraph without refe~ence to the crol' raised. 3 .. Adverting to Mr. Rogers' paragraph 12, I beg to observe t~t. as No. 73,or 1858 . To • J. W, HADOW, ESQUIRE, Collector of Ahmedabad. Surat, 2th Mag 1858. BIR, I have the honour to acknowled~~ the receipt of your letter No. 535, dated 14th instant, and its accompaniment .No. 869, dated 7th idem, from the Revenue Commissioner, N. D., to your Ilddress. 27. • 2. The water rates in rice lands have been kept distinct from the dry-crop or land rates in order that the latter only may be levied when, through tlile defi ciency of the monsoon, rice or other irrigated crops (limited in the Dhandhuka Pargana to wheat and barley) may not be raised, and the additional water rates may be levied when such crops are raised.. . . 3. With referp-nce to paragraph 3 of the Revenue Commissioner's letter I beg to stat" that, I shall be happy to furnish the diagrams required upon the receipt of instructions as' to the number of villages and yearS for which he would wish the diagrams to include the retqrns. The folldwing Jl.re the whole of the revenue accounts I have been able to ,p\;>tain :- • " , Numb... of ,"'maget Numbe-r of Villagca of which Revenue Yearll. of which ReveDue ACOOUD~ exi.t. Accounts exiat. 8AUI".• t~} Samvat 18;)4 ...... IS ... U JllfO·:21 1 •.• 15 Samvat 18i8 ... , Do. 1695 '" A. D. 1811-6 Do. 1896 ...... 20· l:Iam',,-' 1819 , _ 1>0. 1897 ...... 18 A. D. ~'J2.. -28 J l! 1898 to 1900 ... 17 Hamv.t 1886 Do. A. D.lS:lli-'lIIl Do. 1901 and 1902 ... 25 :;alDva~ 1886 ... 9 Do. 1903 and 1904 ... 27 Do. 1887 11 Do. 1905 and 1906 ... 26 Do. 1888 and 11'89 ••. 10 Do. 1907 ...... 27 no. 1890 .• : .•• l4. Do. 1908 and 1909 •.. 28 Do. 1891 and 1892 ••• 18 Do. .1910 to 1913 ... 29 Do. 1893 ••• '" 141 , 4. It may be .. as well to mention here with reference to Mr. Fawcett's para~raph 4 tha.t the farmers of the BMta villages, with the exception of Mudl, having agreed to a.bide by the new survey rates, they have been intro duced into all the former villages from the current year. " I have the honour, &0., A, :aOGERS. (Collector of Ahmedabad'. Memor&ndum No. 1198, dated 8th December 1857, with Accompaniment...) . ' No. 1795 or 1858, T. D. REVENt7B.. Revenue Commis8ioner's Office, Poona, 16th September 1858, • • • Submitted, ana Mr. Rogers' propositions for the settlement of the 29'vil lages of the Dhandliuka Taiuka recommended for sanction as ~n- experimental measure. 2. Mr. Rogers hll8 so fully entered j'nt~ pa.rtioulars that there remains little to be said. Paragraph 10 of,his report being liIomew,hat obscure, he has since explained as follows :-, • , (Paragraph 2nd of Mr. Rogers'letter No. 73, dated 28th May 1858, 'sub,,'.it~d wi;hCollector's : Memorandnm No. 664. of 8th Jnne 18S8). •. , " , -- , . " Mr. Rog-ers expresses his intention to convert' the whole rentalS into ilied assessments if it be found that the rice cultivation is sufficiently permanent. ' 3. The financial result of the proposed settlement 1S given by Mr. Rogers in paragraph 12. It shows a loss to Government as compa.rN with the realisa tions 01 1855-56 of Rs. 17,986 or 30 per sent., and, as compared with. the reali ~ations of the past ten years, of Rs. 15,800 or 27& per cent; Mr. Rogers states (paragraph 13) that he has gone through all the detsils of each village alld is sniisfiod of the applicability of the rates: the amount of revenue foregone at 28 present is large, but considering the general advantage of fixed rates and the unsatisfactory character of the Bh:igbaMi or .. division of produce". system, the sacrifice seems warranted. . . 4.· The Revenue Comm~sioner applied to . Mr. Rogers (or a diRgram indi cative of the data usually furDlshed when reporting upon a newly Bettled district, b!lt, iq cons~quence of t~e villages having fallen under direct ,manngcmcnt at different periods and the U'regular results sho'l\'n by the system hitherto in force they would not afford correct information. ' 5. Adverting ,to Mr: Rogers' paragraph 14, the Revenue COIDmissioner C II • • 5 learns from a. subsequent communication from that o ector. para. . gentleman that the farmers of the EMta viltagcs, with the exception of M udi, having agreed'to abide by the new survey rates, they have been introduced into all the former villages from the current year. 6. The case of the Mluka of Gamph is still be/iJre Government-vide ' 2 Government Resolution No. 2505, dated 28th July Co II ector. pora. • 1858. • 7. The correspondence alluded to in the para Collector'. pora. 8, Mr. Rogers' p...... 2, graphs 8S per margin was ilubmitted to Government on the 16th July 1857.-Memorandulll No. 1802. E. G. FAWCETT, Revenue Commissioner, N. D E.ctract, being par11Jraphs 1 tl) 5 of Government Ruolulion No. 3710 of 9Jh Novemher 1858, on Revenue Oommissioner's memo'I'Qndum No. 1795, dated 16th September,p1'eceding paragrnph. The revised assessment of the land revenue in 29 villages of the Dhan dhuka T8Juka which Mr. Rogers has submitted for the sanction of Government, is, His Lordship in Council observes, merely experimental. Mr. Rogers conHiders ·-that Govel'11'lnent should not commit itself at present to the maintenancll of the proposed rates until further experience and the developmen~ of the resoutces of the district, which is represented as being in a transition .state" shall have tested the applicability of the generall'ates now proposed. -, 2. On this understanding His Lordship in Council sanctions generally as an experiment the rates which have been introduced by Mr. Rogers, but reserves any' guarantee of .the permanency of those rates until he has received from the Settlement Officer a report' of'their successful practical working. 3. . Government have the less hesitation in . according this sanction as they observe that the immediate sacrificll. of revenue is at II smaller percentage rate than that which Government were called on to !Dake in the Dholka Taluka ;- Dholka...... 331 Dhandhuka, ...... 30 . 4. On the subject of the water-rates proposed to be assessed on irrigated lands, Government d.esire that Mr. Rogers be referred to the observalioDl' recorded in the 8th paragraph of their letter to the address of the Revenue Commissioner, N. D .. No. 334.1 of the 12th October 1858. 5. . Government regret" that· Mr. Rogers has not been able to submit a diagram illustrati'Ve of the past condition of these villages as regards cultivated area and revenue. His attention should be'directed to the previous e"pression oftb~ wis}les of Gover~ment on this point. No. ~24.2 OP 1858. \, Revenue Co-mmissi No. 90 OP 1859. To J. W. HADOW, ESQ., . Collector of Ahmedabad. Surat, l1th,July 1869. • SIR, In 1!ontinuation of my letter ~o. l07, dated 17th No.vember 1857, I hav~ the honour to report the result.4lf the introduction, during, the season of A. D. 1857 -58, of the revised rates of as!essment r.roposed in that letter as an experi mental mea.~ure into 22 out of the '29 Villages of the Dhandhuka Pargana therein mentioned. The exceptions wer~ in the seven villages comprised in the_ Ga.m~h Tu.luka !!;lenti.oned in .the mar~in, into ~hich 1. O'mph. D. Ohokdi. you did not consider It would be advisable to mtro- 2. KlIsindra. ~. ~~k~w.uia. duce the revised revenue system until the question !. ~::~a. " lpna. of the succession to the estate had been settled, and . . . in which the revenues : were accordiJ;lgly cqllected according to the existing system, that of BMgbatai or division of produce. ' 2. The revenue fo~e year, according to .the old system in the remainder of the villages, in those items which can bear a comparison with the new system, 1Jiz •• that derived from cultivated, land whether Government. or alienated, and. water rates, shows a decrease by the latter of Rs. 16,997-8.8 and an increase of Rs. 3,960.15.6, leaving a net decrease of Rs. 13,03~-9-2. The net decrease in the revenue from Government land and water rates was Rs. 13,575.0·4, that leviable under the old system eeing Rs. 48,484-5.4, and that under the new being Re. 34,909·5-0, amounting as nearly as possible to 28 per cent. Considering the high price at which cotton, one of the chief products on which the Govern. ment dues under the old system were calculated, was sold during the season, the decrease in the year is less than I had expected it to be, as vrices in all but two ont of the last ten years on·the aV(lrage of collections in whioh I calculated the roo.uction would amount to 271 per cent. had. ruled considerably below those of the year of settlement. . 3. The following statement will show the effect of the revision of assess-. ment il). the several villages settled, and enable Government to judge of the general fairness of the pitch of the present assessment :- . , : RBVDt711 POB YBAB OJ SE'ITLDRIf'J'. Village. .. Ten yean' r average 9Qllection. , A.... rding to old AC90rding to the • " ,ystem. pew. '. RH. Ra. . lb. Dbandbuka...... 17,959 4 7· 11,785 0 0 19,964 Ranpur ••• . .• 4,046 62 8,804 .8 0 , 4,059 KamiaH.. ... '" .... 1,477 6 10 934 12 0 1,690 A'nandpur ... \ .... &70 6 2 304.· ... 0 540 A'mli '...... 753 8 10 828 12 0 1,434 XamnbUa.... , .. ... 185' 16 8 174 12 0 _, 223 WaJind...... 319 14 4 216 40 0 • 478 BeJa ...... 134 10 0 167 4 0 291 GoghI.. ... '" 2,196 10 Ii 1,670 4 O. '2.287 Socii ... ,.. ... 2,504 5 2 1,802 i! 0 ~'" " , 2,276 Bbarilid ,.. .., 6,850 12 5 8,9091 4 0 . 4,580 Nand vipura ... ••• ... 134 6 ~1 243 0 0 245 Navda ... •.. 5,600 15 11 3,737 1 0 3,332 Panvi ... •.. 1.636 8 , 761 4 0 1.608 1 remaining BMta. ?iIlages ... 4,010 H 6 4.350 8 0 3,727 It will be seen from this statement that the villages .in which there has been the greatest re!iuction are Dhandhuka, Kamia.lla, A'nandpur, Goghla, Sodi, B 941-8 30 , . Bhariad and Panvi, in all of which the decrease is satisfactorily accounted for by the large share of produce levied under the Bhagbatai system.. In Dhandhuka one-half was levied, in Kamialla and, Anandpur t, in Goghla •• in Sodi and Bhariad f. and in Panvi the estimate ,for the levy of the Government share was made, by putting down 50 maunds of clean cotton for every 100 estimated with the pods and commuted into a cash payment at an invariable rate of Rs. 3-12-0 per Bengal maund. whatever the hazar rate might be .. The con. sequences or the qver-assessment in this last village had been, as I 'myself saw, to reduce it to a collection of tumbled down hovels. 4. The Bettleme~t of alienated lands, which will be reported on separately resulted in a net increase of RH. 268·7-2 in the whole of the villages settled. 5. The gross revenue for the year in the whole of the villages according to the revised system amounted to Rg. 46,216-7-4, out of which had to be remitted Rs. 3.690.15-6, the amount by which the revelllle had been in some cases enhanced. leaving a net realizable revenue 011 all accounts of Re. 42,525-7.10. S: . Of the realisable revenue there were collected up to the 31st July Rs. 313,530-3-0, ltlaving outstanding on the 1st August Rs. 3,995·4-10- Rs. 3,G42.3-3 on account of Government lands' and D 35:1.1·1 on account of alienated. At the end of December, since which time statements have not been furnished me, there remained a balance of only Rs. 152.1·9 on account of Gov. ernment lands under cultivation. and Rs. 12-9·10 on account of alienated lands. 1. Adverting to paragraph 10 of my letter No. 107 of 1857, I have the honor to state that, on personal inspection of the rice lands ill the village of Navda, I ha.ve come to the conclusion, from the uncertain nature of the water. supply dependent as it is upon the overflowing of a sma.ll river which is very liable to change its course. that it will be better to kedp the water rates separate from the dry. crop rates, and, adopt t.e system of remissions .ill use in Dholka and Viramgam. . 8.' With reference- to paragraph 11 of the same letter, I have the honour to inform you that in the course of the season I have consolidated the dry-crop assesiments and water rates in garden lands under permanent wells into perma.. nent garden land aoSsessments in Dhandhuka. and Ranpur. 9. This has also been done in the villages of Khas and Baggar intu which I have introduced, as an experimental measure, new survey rentals in substitution of the former Bhagbat3.i system of revenue management at a maximum dry-crop rate of Re. 2 per acre. For this I have the honour to reque"t the sanction of Government as well as to the introdu,ction of the revised assess ments into the villages of the Gamph Taluka and other Talukdari villages under the management of the re,venue authorities as follows :- . - , Oomph T4luk&. Muim'llm. Other ViUageo, Maximum. . , • . Ro" a.. p• Rs. B. . • P 1. Gampil '" ... 2 0 o per Bcre 1. Kothria...... 2 4r 0 2,Padana .. , 2 0 2. Devgana " 2 0 0 ... " ... . 3, Kasindra ', .. .i• ., 2 "0 0 3. *Jllska ...... 2 4 0 4. Gorasn '" ... 2 0 0 " 4. KMmidAna , " 2 0 0 5. Cilokdi .- .. ... 1 12 ·0 " 6. A'I1kewAlia. ... I ... 1 12 0 " . 7.Pipr'ia '. ... ,.. ... ' 1 8 0 " • • " "Ordered to be remmed by OoverDJl!.OUi; Reaolution lIlo. 3463, dated 19th October 1856. '1.0. I have raised the piaximum rates formerly proposed for Gamph, Chokdi, and Ankewalia on a reconsideration of their distances from markets. and other circumstance!!.· The general result of these measures will be reported on the completion of the annual settlement papers. , 31 11. In so far as the papers already made out will enable me to judge, the cultivation returns for the year ...'::: ::;:.,. as contrasted with those of the year of settlement stand as follows :- Acre. g. Re. So Cultivation of Samvat 1914 A..D. 1857-~8' 20,716 14 32,578 5 Do. of Sallivat 1915 A.D. III 58-59 31,324- 15 . 37,162 8 Increase in A.D. 1858-59 4,6U8 1 . 4-,584. 3 There is tYtus an increase of ra.ther 9 than .17 per cent. in the actual cultiva tion in the first yea.r under the revised system. This is a favoura~le argument in favour of the I?itch of assessment experimentally' introduced) but I would prefer not committmg GovemID.jlJlt to a guarantee for the permanency of these rates for thirty years until the result in a. larger number of villages may enable me to speak with greater confidence i1!. the matter. As I have already stated the villages are so widely scattered, and the old revenue accounts of many of them are so imperfect that a proper oI?inion of the suitableness of the new rates can only 1>e formed upon actual experlenGe. 12. Of the twenty-two .villages settled, I propose to fix only two instal ment.~ for the payment of revenue instead of the four usual under the revenue survey system, in the following villages in which the only or almost the only crops ra!se~ are wheat and cotton,'which are not gathered till the end of February and begmnmg of March :- '. : , . 1. K.. miaUa. 6. WalTnda. 2. Anandl'ur. 7. Kamat.. l"". 3. Mudi. 8: Goghla. .' 4. Sel... . -. 9. jankhi 5. A.ml~. 10. Bharioid. The dates I propose are the 1st April and the 15th May. The cultivators of Dhandhuka have also expresSed a wish to pay in two· instahnents, on the.· ple~ . that the early jowMi. crops they raise are merely for the purpose of providinO' " fodder for their cattle, but this ~oes not appear sufficient to warrant a departur~ from the llsua~ rule. J' I have the honour, &c., A. ROGERS., No. 71 O~ 1860. • Camp Hur8ol, 25th March 186Q. To TSB ACTING COLLECTOR 0'_ AHMEDABAD. SIR, . In continuation of my letter No. 90, dated 11th July last, reportIng on the result of the introduction of the survey rates of assessment into twenty-tw~ Khalsa villages of the Dhanduka T:Huka, I have now the- honour to subqlit a report on the success of the' experimental settlement in the first year after its introduction into the same villages, Bnd on tae result of the introduction of the revised system into the seven villages comprised-in the taluka of Gamph, and the KMlsa villages of Khasand Baggar. The year u'nder report is Samvat 19i5 or A.D. 185tl.59. '. 2. The gross revenue of tlte year A.D. 185'1-58 is Qo.ntrasted with that of 1858-59 in the twenty-two vlIIages first settled as follows:- . , ! Root of Government Miacell&ooous from . Qult.rent on laud and water gras8, grwng. ToW. rate •. tax, &c. , alienated land •• .. , . . : -. R •. a. a. Rs. a. p. Rs. B. p. Rs. a. p. St. IOU . ... 3',909 5 4 -:TS57-58 ... lJ 0 46,216" 7 St. 1915 't,,·200 • • r. .197 _. _ 38.299 0 0 A . D. 1858-59 ... o . 9,407 15 10 1,5~~ 8 49,256 7 10 . ; 32 , There is thus a net increase on revenu!! from Government cultivated and waste lands of Re. 2,597-8-6 (cols. 2 and 3), and in quit-rents from alienated lands of Rs. 442·8-0, making a total net inorease over the gross revenue of the former year of Rs. 3,040. . • 3. The net revenue of the two years is as follows :- , Groll a.veuue. . Not r.1i.blo Reminiou. Revenue. . . ; Ra. a. p. RB. •• I p. Ra. a. p. St. 1914 ...... 46,2 Hi 7 t 3,690 15 6 42,525 A. D. 181;7-58 ... 7 10 St.'915 ...... 49,256 7 10 555 2 0 48,701 5 10 A. D. 1858-59 '" • There is thus a decrease of Rs. 3,135.13-6 in remissions, and an increase in net realisable revenue on the year of Rs. 6,175-14-0. Of the remissions set dowD, the sum of Rs. 393 is nominal, having been caused by the deduction of 1;he amount by which the. revised permanent aesessment on garden. lands in Dhandhuka and R~npur, carried out as reported in the Sthparagraph of my letter ·No. 90, dated loth July last, exceeded in some cases the temporary assessment put on in the ,first year's experimental introduction of the new rates. The. remainder is made up of Rs. 138-14-0 on account of extra assessment placed upon lands entered as unarabje culti"9'8:ted without leave, and Rs. 23-4-0 miscellaneous. 4; . The collecti,pns ofths two years up to the 31st July stood as follows;- ... • Nat reali",,1>I. Collection. up to Outstanding OD. Revonu, Blot July. !at Auguot. . 0 Ra. a. p. Ra. a.. p. Re. a. p. St. 1914 ... 42,525 7 10 38,530 3 0 3,995 t 10 A. D. 1857-58 ...... St. 1915' ...... 48,701 5 10 46,680 15 3 2,020 6 7 A. D. 1858-59 . The balances in the current year were made up of Rs. 1.621.13-4 on account of Government cultivated land. &c., and Rs. 398-9-3 on account of quit. rents from alienated lands. Frou!. subsequent reports it appears that these balavoes have been reduce~ to Rs, 886. 5. The following figures give the result of the'. introduction of the experi mental rates of assessment proposed in the 9th paragraph of my letter No. 90 of 1859 into the. Khalsa villages of Khas and Baggar. the Mluka of Gamph and other T~lukd8.ri villages :- R,venueby Sarftly Aneat- Revenue mont on Gov- Bh&gb.td.i ..d from Ceases • Total. ~mmeut Land. Quit-rente. Total· C888e& from on alienated , Government aDd Water Laud8~ RIo.... . Lands. , R •• B. p. Ro. •• P- Re. •• P- Be. a. p Ro. B. p. Ro. •• p. ' . . 611 9 17.861 11 8 5,844 , 0 863 0 0 6.707 4 0 Kb .. ." ...... 16.960 901 5 Bagg" -_., ... .. 7,258 3 3 151 8 0 7.4Olt 11 3 3,19'/ 0 0 172 8 0 3,369 8 0 G.-.mph, 6 villages ... 20.468 3 7 72"2 )5 4 21,191 211 14,209 0 2 6(»4 8 0 )4.9;'",3 8 2 '¥our other villageB ... 12,667 o 10 146 0 0 12,818 010 7,646 12 0 146 J) 0 7.791 12 0 1--'-'-- Total ....7,853 III '1 1.921 13 1 59,27510 8 30,986 0 2 1.836. 0 ( --32,822 0 2 . In the year under report there was also revenue from mIscellaneous. sources such 3S grass land.$ sold by auction, &c., to the following amounts, this not being 33 aftected by the ch~nge of system: The figures have been kept separate from the items which wIll bear comparlBon under the two systems:- T o taU . or the year ~"DU.from Milcellaneoua for the y.... Gl'088 Revenue u 81ven above. Sourcea. forthe year. , . Ra. a. p. Re.· 8. p. Re. a. p. 6,707 0 1,015 3 0 7,722 7 0 Khas ... '" . ... 4 Baggar ...... 3,869 8 0 70 7 3 3,489 15 8 Gtmph Tltluka ...... •• ... 14,953 8 2 509 4 6 15,462 12 8 Four other villages ...... 7,791 12 0 483 13 6 8,275 9 6 " 6. The remissions which were merely nominal and consisted of the increase in assessment according to the survey rates in a few cultivators' holdings were as follows ;- ' Net realisable Revenue Groll RemilllloDl. Revenue for the for the fear. yea!"... l- . I R •. a. p. Rs. a. p. Rs. a. p. Khaa ...... • 7;722 7 () 57 11 3 7,664 11 9 Baggar ...... 3,439 15 3 82 10 4 3,357 411 Gamph ...... 15,462 12 II 1,838 13 8 13.62315 O· Other villages ...... '" . 8,27~ 9 6 702 7 2 7,573 2 4 Total ... 34,900 12, 5 2,681 10 5 32,219 2- 0 7. Returns of collections' in the Talukdari villages up to the end of July hO:ve not been furnished, but those of Khas and Baggar were as follows :-: . . CoUected by ~ , Net realiaabJe Outstanding on Revenue. Slat July. lit August. Rs. a. p. Re. a. p. Re. a; p. Kha...... 7,664 11 9 7,605 410 59 611 Baggar ...... 3,357 411 3,347 3 8 10 1 S - Total ... 11,022· 0 8 10,952 8 6 - 69 8 2 . , These added to the figures given for the 22 villages settled ill the previous year in paragraph 4 give the net revenue and collections for the whole of the 24 Khalsa villages of the district ;- Net ....w.abl. Collected by Outetanding Peroentage Revenue. 31R July. on let Augllit. of Collec~ . I tiOIUl• Ro. p. .Ra. a: p. Ro. a. p. .. • 2 2 villages ...... 48,701 510 46,680 15 3 2,020 6 7 2 villages ...... 11,022 0 8 10,952 8. 6 69 8 2 .- Total of the 24 village. , ... 59,72a 6 6 57,683, 7 91 2,089 14 ,9 .9~·.5 8. Some of the TI.lukdarL Villages .mto which the revised system was introduced in the cou~se of the season had not been fully ten years under attach ment, but the following figures show the effect of the revision upOQ the revenue as oompared with the average realisations 'from all sources for as many years as accounts are procurable for. The remi ,sions for the current year I;>eing B 941-9 34 merely nominal, the net revenue may be considered the same as the gross for the purpose of comparison :- ~I'M' Raryey Revenue for \he' AverogeRealioatioDl Percenatge Rental pin. uti. y'" of SoUle_'- of fOl'lDer lean. Dec-. m.tod lleooipta from . grua. tJif'nated. , 1-. a.. , Ra. . a. p. Ra. a. p. Ra. a, p. Kh.aa ... .. , ... 7,722 T 0 10,0'49 18 5 23'1 7,851 8 0 Baggar ...... 8,439 Hi 3 4,306 15 10 20·2 8,459 R 0 G&mph T&lnka , .. ... 1:i,462 12 8 16,951 4 S'? 20,426 8 0 Kothria ...... 1,991 0 8 1,952 15 3 , .. 2,0r,7 0 0 Jnska '" , .. .. , 3,069 3 3 3,685 "6 16'7 8,212 10 1 (6 yenrs)" Khamid.. na ...... 1,138 I) 742 1 1 .. . 1,718 0 0 '11 (8 yeM'e) Deog6na ... , .. 2,082 0 o! 2,893 8 4 13 2,0:'6 8 0 -- I 9: These figures and those g'lVen In the 3rd paragraph of my letter No. 90 of '1859. already alluded to. enable us to form an idea of the fairness of the general -pitch 'of the experimental assessment.' On a review of the whole, it is clear that with the exception of Khas, Baggar and Devgana, in which I consider the classification of soils very faulty, tbe cause of the decrease of revenue below the average of former realisations (wherever there is a decresse) is to be attributed in aogreat degree to the unduly heavy assessments whi('h it was found practi cable to levy under the "division of produce" system, especially in the village. in which there is a great demand for land. This will be seen beUer f!'Om the following detailed statement :- Percentage reduction of Sh .... 01 Grain levied Name of Village. Revenue Amouat.of P1ol1~h-tas per plougb under the under the old oyotem, UDder t e I&me. newayatem. One-half .. , No plough.ta,.. Dhandhnk .. " ... 40'9 { . Two·fifths ... ~ Plough tax; exact amoont no' ascertainable. K amililla ... ." 44-8 Five-ninths ... A 'nandpur ...... 43'7 Do .. } 15 aonas on each holding . G oghla " . ... 26'9 One·h• .lf .. , No plough-tal<. S odi ... .., 20'8 Three.fiftha ... Do. B hari&d' ...... 14'6 ,Do. " . On the holding vIITyiog from 8 aOOBe to ;; rupee •. ~A {G8mPh ... .. , ~ 16'5 .1 Ol! i ... Re.26.8 . 13 .s Pudana ...... 23'5 One-hslf .. . R •. I0·0, ~~ Chokdi ...... 18'0 Do. ... Ra. 11-10. Jnska .. , ... 16'7 Do. ,., Re. 10·0. 10. In Khas, and the two other villages alluded to In the precedmg paragraph, tqe classification of soils is, proportionately to that of the rest of tIle district, far too low. It appears that the old Deccan scale of faults for want of depth has been strictly adhered to, and no discrimination exercised to ascertain ·whether the substratum was of such a nature as to prevent the, superficial mould retaining sufficient moisture to bring to maturity the crops ordinarily raised. In these villages the soil is black, which of itself retains a great deal of moisture, and the substrata are mostly lime and rapidly decomposing rock which are Dot entirely impervious to water. Here, consequently, the want of depth in the Hoil would not affect its value to so reat an extent as it would where there was A substratum of hard compact roc. The following statement of the average classification annas in a few of the villages of the district will show you, at a glance, what a differen'ce exists between the clsssifications of most of the otherll and those that I object to ;' the difference is obviously too great when the large value of the realisations in past years (in all but the last of which the prices of , . 35 agricultural produce were unprecedentedly. low) is seen to ~e .m~ch greater In ' proportion to the gross survey assessment In the latter than It 18 In the former. Under these circumstances I would respectfully beg to suggest that, the c1assifi J)ation of these villages and that of a few of the Talu.\l:dari villages in the neigh bourhood of Ranpur, which have been classified in detail, and with the classifica tion of which I have the sarne fault to find, should be revised under the superin tendence of Captain Prescott, whose practical acquaintance with the subject will at once show him that the scale of classification should have been modified to' suit these particular. instances :- Awrage A'teaI· Average of f1ent per Aore A1'erage 811"ey Maximum Dry- Vil1a8e• under Diviaion Cla88ers' A",esameut. orop Ra.M of Produce Alma•. ST&tem. \ R~. a. p. AB. p. Re. B. p. - Rs~ a. Dhandbuka ...... S 0 7 10 Il ! 11 S 2 8 Kamill.i1a ... .. , 1 10 7 10 9 1 0 I 1 8 Gamph .•...... 1 711 11 4 1 6 8 • 2 0 Xa.indra ... 'o' 1 + S 11 2 1 a 6 1 12 Sola .. , ...... J 10 1 II 0 1 3 :3 1 12 Naupur ...... 1 3 0 9 6 1 0 4 1 Ij Kh...... 1 15 7 , 7 4 o 14 8 2 0 Baggar ...... I 11 5 611 o Ia 10 , 2 0 11. The great difficulty of fixmg the proper pitch for the a.ssessment of a district like Dhandhuka has already been pointed out. The villages under direct management were dotted at long intervals over a large area; there had never been any kind of survey in the district; the system of revenue manage ment had been that of Bhagbatai (division of produce), and the accounts,even according to this, kept in estimated bighas, entered by village accountants without any kind of check upon them, were very iUlperfect. To add to all this, prices of agricultural produce had for a long series of years been very low, and although in the year In which the revised assessmeuts were proposed they had shown a tendency to rise, there was no certainty that this would continue. There are other great elements of disturbance, which must, for some years to come, affect greatly not only the positive values of soil in different parts of the COUJItry, but also the relative values of similar soils situated in different parts of the same district. For instance, there is no knowing how long Dholera may remain open as a seaport; if it were to be closed (and the creek which leads from it to tho Gulf of Cam bay is so shallow that there is every possibility of such an event occurring) the value of land generally in the .district must fall. There is a probability on the other hand of the continuation of the Bombay, Baroda and' Central India Railway towards Limbdi and Kathiawar and of the improvement of the communication with Gogha i both these would affect the relative values of land in different parts of the district. For all these reasons I have been careful frolU the first to point out that the revision of assessment in the pargana should only be considered experimental, and the· general rise of prices ill ·the country now taking place (the extent of which under the new financial system now on the eve of creation it is impossible to estimate), induces me to recommend ( that for the present no guarantee be given for tbe permanency of the rates. The hig?- prices of agricultural produce now ruling, With the relief afforded to the cultivators by the substitution of a. light money payment for the obnoxious Bhagbatai system. will be sufficient to. stimulate the extension of cultivation with~>ut any guarantee, on the understanding that from the date of the intro ductIOn of the new system the benefit of all improvements in their lands shall bl! enjoyed by the cultivators. Some measures lUust be ere long'taken to place . the assessment of the 'l'ilukdari villages on a more satisfactory footing than they a~e now on, and it will be time e.nough to guarantee the ra,tes in the Khakia Villages when the pitch of assessment of the district as a whole can be duly considered. In the meantime .prices will find their natural level, nnd we shall have a lUuch better chance than we now have, when every thing affecting the value of land is in a tr8Jlsitiun state, of makiD.;t a.n equitable settlement. 111 the 36 meantime the survey system will be carried out in full, as if the usual guarantee for the permanency of the rates for thirty years had been given. There is no fear, where the demand for it is great, as in Dhandhuka and other highly culti. vated villages, of land not having a marketable value. It already possesses it in such a degree that, if the redemption of the land tax were permitted, I feel convinced we could realise 40 or 50 times the survey assessment on most of it. I have the honour, &c., A. RQGERS. No. 2422 or 1859. Fao!! , S. MANSFIELD, ESQUIRE, Revenue Commissioner, N. D. ; To J. W. HADOW, ESQUIRE, Collector of Ahmedabad. Ahmedabad Districts, Revenue Oommi..~8ioner'8 Office Camp Dhandhuka, 6th NOfJcmber 1859. SIR, The new rates of assessment introduced by Mr. Rogers in the Dhandhuka Tl1luka having been only sanctioned as experimental, 'and 2 years having elapsed since their introduction, I request you will call on that gentleman .for a report on their suitableness or otherwise. 2. I pequest you will u,lso favour me with your opinion on the su\tiect. 3. Mr. Rogers did not furnish any particulars with his letter No. 107 of 21st November '185 7 of past collecti9ns. I therefore request you will desire him to prepare statements showing the collections under the BMgbaMi system in all the villages in which the rates have been introduced, for all many years as accounts are forthcoming. He should also prepare a statement showing the realisations in the same villages during the two past years, and the probable amQunt of the current year'1I reveI1'lle. I have tlIe honour, &c., S. MANSFIELD, 'Revenue Com'\lissioner. N. D. ----- No. 1554' OJ' 1859 . .A.hmedaball-Collector'B Office, 13th December 1869.' Forwarded to A. Rogers, Esquire, S~ttlement Officer, with a request that he will be good enough to furnish the report as early &9 llracticable and forward , the statements called for by the Revenu\l Commissioner lD the concluding para_ graph. J. W. HA,DOW. Collector. , (Collector of Ahmedabad's No, 417, dated 21st March 1860.) No., 729 or 1~60 . .Revenue Commi.Yaioner' 8 Ojfice, Camp Bombay, end ;4pril 1860. The Collector's attention is requested to paragraph 3 of the Revenue Co_ missioner's letter No. 2422, dated 6th ,December last, and he is requested to obtain and submit contrasted statement, as th,erein called for, for each village or g~oup of villages according as information may lie procurable, explaining at the' same time why this was not attended to when replying to that reference. S. MANSFIELD, Revenue Commissioner, N. D. 37 No. 467 0' 1860. To W. G. PEDDER, Esquire, Assistant Settlement Officer, Gujarat• . , Ahmedabad Oollector's Oamp. Sanand, 11th April 1860. , '. True copy forwarded to the Superintendent of the Revenue S1p'vey and Assessment, Gujarat, with a requ9!lt that he will have the goodness to forward the information called for by the ltevenue Commissioner at his e8,:liest conve. nience. A. ,ROGERS, Collector. No. 96 0' 1860. To S. MANSFIELD, ESQUIRB, ,. Revenue Commissioner, N. D • • Oamp Pirana, 16th May 1860. SIR, • Under instructions from the SUl?erintendl!nt of Survey, I have the honour to forward hprewith, as called for 10 your memorandum to the Collector of Ahmedabad, No. 729; dated 2nd April 1860, a statement showing thecollec . tions under the Bhagbatai system in those villages of the Dhandhuka Pargana in which the survey rates hav,e been introduced for all the years co=encing with A.D. for which accounts are forthcoming. 2. These villages comprise:- 22 villages first settled in 1857~58 ; II villages, Khas and Bagger, in 1858.59 ; 6 villages in the t.Uuka of Gli.mph in 18S8·59 i 4. other villages in 1858·69.'. . • U villages. 3. The items shown in this statement are those which would ha'l>'e been 8hown in the diagrams, had it been possible to construct them, as former realisa. tions under the Bhaghat.a.i system. That is to say, the proceeds of the sale of wood, grass, &0., have been excluded from the statement. and those items ofland revenue which are affected by the change of system have been alone shown. . 4. I have not prepared a separate statement·showing the realisations during the two past years, but have entered them in the same statement as the former collections, a broad black line being drawn to mark the distinction immediately below the year 1856-57 in the case of the villages settled in 1857-58, and below the latter year under those settled in 1858-59. 5. I have been unable to enter th.. probable amount of the current year's revenue in the etatement, nothu.ving yet received the necessary information from the Mamlatd;\r. .As Mr. Rogers tells lIIe that you ha.v~ written to him to expedite the transmission of this statement, I am unwillin~ to delay it longer, and will Bend the further information separately as soon as It is received. 6. No figures have been give'll in the column of the .village J,hanki, as the entire lands of this village which is waste are ~. Bir" or grass lands sold aDIlually by auction anll the revenue demand from it would consequently not have been shown in the diagrams. . . . . • I have the honour, &c.; W. G. PEDDER. • 941-1Q Statement showing tho Collections under tho " BM.gbatai" System in t"'oBe ViUages qI the Dhandhuka Pargana in which Ih6 Survey &tBB arB ;nlraan.ta. ... . (To accompany letter No. 96 .of 16th May 1860 from Mr. P"dder to Revenu,e Commi8sioner, N. D.) . Dhn.ndhuka 1U.U Ul' lIah6.doo- . KMbo. Kaat o. DUn. Goglila. Hanglloipur. Mandvipttra. lIDd\, purs. ' Bbantar. B4h1alao. BhlmtaJao. Hamll,J&. Anandpur. Ambli. Wallnda. J:imt6tAO, &bola. . I · RI. .. p. lb. .. p. Ba. .... lb. .. p. ~ .•. p.- ..... p. .... a. p . RL.., •• P. III. .. p. RI. .. p. 110 . •. p • lb. L p • RI. .. p. RI ... p. It.. .. p • n.. a. p. a.. .. p. • J., D. 1821·28 .. 15.838 15 11 ~.558 12 ...... 182'l·29 . lZ,OU5 1 1 2,Ola 11 ,• -', ...... ~...... , .... " 8,928 1 I) l,A06 12 11 674 11 61>8 12 ii .' .. .. IBt!l·ao .. 8 .... ro'i. l' , , 76' 8 241" 8 ...... •• o • 11,:.:59 13 .. , 6!G 13 • 81'S 811 s'ii 11 0 , l~U , • 0 n '}S3o·:n .. ',608 ... - m 0 oS: it • ...... 1831·!l2 .. l4.,6YS 0 11 1,450 16 • ... , • .... m • IO' •1 1,424 13 814 798 U 0 499 11 "'12 , ...... 1,782 • • 1832·53 .. 8.1:i7 13 B • tl.S 11 1• .... n •0 • 12 8• 8 ,., "0• ~ 1 ,,0 1 18 1 0 Sll to,,,! ... " • ...... • 1s:t8·34 .. 9,720 1 1 8,I'i:lO 13 • 2118 T • .0 0 8516 .. • • u. 118 1 .. liOS" lA9" 0 6;' ii 18.11.·35 .. 9,6402 U 9 8,866 10 0• e. • '77 .. , .7"'2 0 188 •1 '8:10 0' 'i S sili" 3 1 ,. • 22918 • ... 10 611 ... •8 •8 as.1 11• 0 9.'15 8n• • 10 '11 •.. 18:1;,·:;0 .. IS/!:!9 T 6 '.429 1 ... I,D" 11 • OSn 116 10 •0 l,9!!O 12• • 20 16 U 2,SIl9 13 1 ... .. 0 4:;6 , •1 1.... • •0 3m! H , - 1,611 1 7931. 1 8 • iiI.. 11 8 ~l8S6.37 .. 1.'1,%24 2]0 e,lOt.If • 1.2 • • ),iSS Ii • 126 16 II• 277 1 720 .n• 17 670 6 0 9314 312 Ui 0 ... • 30310 • .. • .. 1881·38 IS,lI80 V 1 2,875 , • 0 1,OM 0 0 tiS 15• 013 2 0 186 )5 • , 810 18• 10• 121 ,• l,fM" &6"1' • 181 , 11.' '0 10 .. " • • 477 11 • • ...... 1&H-39 • .. • • • 108 • 1,280 1~ 0 • .. 6~"2 all "'1 1· • • GoOj • • T ... • .. 63 16• n • .. 1830,40 .. 1~.9M9 IS 10 8,0" • m'iSIO uift I l,s··ij 1 1811 • 841·' mil m···. 27214• 0 0'" • us 8 714 13 11 102" ;- '0 &O"s T .. 18-'0-41 lI,oI8O 9 3 • • • ...... ,126 13 •7 • 1 n .... • o '2 • .... • • • • • 0310 1.6~ IS •1 34218• 0 86711 , ... 0• a .. 8 0• 2"6 16 lSu-42 IS,IHI 1 & I,M/S 16 , , ~, 817'"S 10 ,(;6 611 1,1'i90 13 IOr'S 10 1,29&" 1 21S' 294 10 •0 9fl5H 8 100 10 1,7701 1:\8 1110 .. . 'Of 0 .. is 1 ,., an ~I" I' • 18~~ ... 9 '16,7&1 ]3 0 1 .." 1,660 IIJ 1,85. 12• , 1 831 16 10 1,1V9 14 B , • .. ... 2,82" 83' 1 .. .. H • 1 sn " .... ,.. • ... 811• 1,488 10 •, l,no 10 11" ,w • ]843-4' .. 18.!l2ll 0 3.823 .10• 29712• •, 15115 1\,. • ,• 2510 • 578 16 0 In •1 .110 a 636 0 10 10' a 67( 10 .. , , ,. • • .7 11• II• .. .. 881j • 1loi.J.t-4S 16,1134 Ia I J.6!' • 1,104." , 63911 0 , "'!!I6 11 11 8 • 82$ 8 101 ].216 10 • 35811 • ,"n ., 8 .. .. • ... s 8" • • • ,.. • · . 12,))64 10 It 1846·46 'lI.i61 • 1 ,• '0 1M 201 011 • • • I. 128 11 0 1.035 11 • • 1,035 •, 276 10 • .. " • 119 •1 • " " ... '" ... t• 0 8i613 • .. 0 "" 1 IS-HI.oj7 17,70T • 2,929 •, 5 •1 1,543 •1 240 , 0• 1,196 10 T 1!5 0 6'28 10 • 1"911• T ,11 ]8 0 •1 1 • 7816 100 1 .. .. .GO ". to '" T " ... • .. 1."'" 18 ... 715 IS • ,.,. 0 2,219 &07 It • • .. It1U· ... S .. IS,SSG • t• '"e5 11 10 •8 0.070 ... 1 11• ... , t,Id1 • • ... 0 •, • •7 1.608 0 •a I,IUi 14 7 .. , 17811 a ... .. • 8 1&4,11·,9 •010 •0 0 It 0 • .. .. 16,S:!!5 • , 2.45{ l~ 1 • ' 6:.'9 10• " , .., • •1 no a• .. 618 8 .1,1:117 8 •1 ... 1,780 , 60S e 11 aut 18• i0 I , n l!'i~{HO 18iJ 12 ., .. 161 11 10 888 IS• 8 117 1 1 120 10 24218• • 16.61:5 16 • • • . • S 8 , 0 ". .. .. • '.1i$I3 • ~. • 6811 • ...... 0 III 1 1,636 I 1 :11812• •T l,tuS .. 1850.61 lU.OOS • 6,IS" • 8, U 11 •1 8 83 .... 11 0 • 11 0 8,nl • 1.0.&9 12 a.tao 0 1 • BOO... .. • 1,166 6 ~ ....'" • •.n on ... a .... " SOlO • 8.17 11 8 188 12 10 811012 868 " 18::;1-51 .. 16,!)23 8• 0• S,23S 11• • ... 1 0 t,niJ 15 8 81 16 "10 636'6• 1 • • ,• 001 ..• • }o ,• 1,110'" 13 15.5 18 11 8' • In' 11• •7 .. )JJ5:!·6:J • 0 1 • 11,256 8,n8 • 1,3:13 7 96811 ~~ .. .. Oll• i99 it 2,:n6 7 0 1~ 10 ·23' T 7 • "1 0 1.171 .. , , , 1,169 10 • .. • •T 1tI5U I • '0 'jMJ 12 .. • 15 10 8(,7 110:53·:..4, 143.352 1,69" 12 10 1,159 8 • 1,941\. • 0• .... • +H • tria It 8 1.778 •, • 7 1 •• 9.1 13 •1 "'$ •, • l:i9 •0 8:'6 11 0 .. " all • • "" • I. .. 1,~..3 , • • 1,701 184 "16 8 "'" 011 0 1,191 611 • .. 185"'66 .. 11,1115 hi 8,003 1.210 0 • 8,8M U. 22i"io 8 J84 11 1 .. ", , 1,018 18 0 8 • III 1,639 0 ... •, 2:19 , ,• .... 1 .. )805·(.8 .. )13,25' 18 • '."59 •» •, 1,218 • 2,416 0• 161 10 WSO 16 • 1,162 ~ "'10 , 888 11. 621 1,4.6 , 1,4&'" It • ... 1 ,.. •T 06716• , 1[>11 • 0 1666-67 .. !7.i69 16 • 1,718 1,61" •III • 2,&6 IS• 7518 • 26811 •0 I,3lf •7 0 1,168 .n 27810 • 1.061 •0 t,ea •1 000'8• , 1,2411 1 ,• 1<0 7 ]07 1" 0 816 11• 0 .. • • • ---- • • ---- .... • • • • --- • '" ·" , 1,670 , 0 o ~--984 12 0 104 ..C' 0 1957-68 .. 11,787 11 8 8,949 7 ... 0 , 0 ... 0 0 •• s 794 " 0 10 .. ... 000 821 UI 0 tm...--o 17' It '07 0 .. • • lUG 0 0 """-1-848ISS 0 0 1,2116 U 0 0 1,121) 0 0 flO 8 0 1858·&g 12.{88 0 1,197 0 0 1.~60 0 0 I .... 0 0 428 12 0 ..1 •0 96, • o III 0 , 0 1>, 0• 0 .. .. » • 86' • • '81 • " • .. :I &xibi. N ...... Pan,.1, Bhmlid. Jho.o· KhWl. 04mph. 00..... lUoon .... OhokrL UnD"_U" .f••• Itatadl.. OIl,pDDa. Khamdan .. . kl • ... . RI. .. p. a.. .. p. !l<- .. p. 110. L .. a.. .. p. Ro.-. .. .. a.. .. p . 111. .. p. 111. .. .. -IlL .. .. IlL .. .. Ba. .. p. Ba. L" ..... p. a .. A. p. ... L. , A.D, tstr·u ...... " ...... "" .... ' : ai," .. 18.28·29 ...... " ...... " ...... T • ...... 1~-30 ...... , • " ...... , ...... " ...... lS8JHl ...... -...... " ...... · ...... 1~'n·SI ...... 0 •• ...... lS3'2.33 ...... 4M·i...... - ...... ~ .. 1&1S·st ...... I ., ...... " ...... :1,588 10 , ~ .. l~fo-36 ...... ! ...... 1835 :u, ...... "',6·n, 13 .. S.S')O 10 ,...... 1.37i 'il 11 .. .. 1SSt)·87 ...... 8.00:.1 011• .. ,...,. 7 ...... 1.11ii· ;1 .. .. .,833 • .. I!;.8T...,~ ...... 11 .. 6,~18 1:; a ...... 1" .... 1: .... - 1S3li.sg • S.g~, u ...... 8 ...... • ...... JtlSQ·40 Tii" U6Q·i...... 1.141 • ~ :t,8~'8 'i5 ...... 1,.8.'>8""''' 1 ...... lS.o-41 ...... • • ...... ",1'5 12 • .. 6.M'j J1 0• ...... 1 ... 10 J5 ! ,A., ·-S""-d ...... 1>,682 I' •0 .. • ...118 ! .. "'".... • ...... 2,3."11 6 1 ...... 1.'4!-4S ~" 4.061 5 0 I.'" , • ...... " 7,107 SI 8 ...... 1...... , ...... -.... 1.... a T ...... m·· all ...... 1841.4$ J,~t " S .,3"9 1 10 " ...... to.n8i il 10 1,725" 8 1.,.Qi·~ ..7Ti" .. 1 J,35f .. r 894'j, 1 ...... · .. .. "1 .... ISf,~"'1!1 '28 IS • !.~ tJ .. .. 8,'Tl 8 , 1,6.:>7 • 1,483 • •I S,rTS • .,. 1 11• 611 II U n •• 012 • ';0" " ...... },sgi 'ili 1,631 • 5 1,410 1,';91 1 .. 1&16--47 .. 1.97» 15 •7 ' .... ·;1 , .. i.~i" r 10 , ... 7,7%2 It B 2,38111• • 1.:115 •110 4,Sli.\ 1 • • .., .... • ... '72 • f 18·H-18 .. 1,9,';1 11 0 8,1;( ,11 I."" • ".793 II• •I .. $,&tlU 8 .... 7,Sti3 1-1 .... , •, 1,446 l' 6,19'T If t• 1.81010• ,., • • .... 1 ..... •1 , .~ .. '23 • , .. 18(8.... 7 No. 101 OF 1860. FROM CAPTAIN C. J. PRESCOTT, Superintendent of Surve! ; .To S. MANSFIELD, ESQUIRB" Revenue Commissioner, N. D., Surnt. SIR, I have the honour to for«1l.rd herewith the suppie,roentary statement show ing the anticipafed amount of the current year's re\'enue in the surveyed villages of Dhandhuka, promised in paragraph 5 of my 'Assistant's Jetter to you, No.9&. dated May 16th last. I have, &0., C. J. PRESCOTT. Supplementury Statement 0/ the antir;.ipatea: Rev.,."" of 1869·DO in the 8u'l'fleyerl Villages 0/ Dllundll ..ka Ttiluka. (To accompany Jetter No. 101 of 1860 from Superintendent of Snrvey to Revena~ Commissionet, N, D.) , ..." ~ ..• ~ ~ ~ 3 .II Co •eo j .II i:i d 11 :i " :;i .!! :s 0 t i "" .Ji "Z· i J ~ • I' ~ 'lI • is'" .. is :a i ~ J ~ ~ 10 .. i .. .. r-- '" I .. -.. .J .. --- r------, -- -- .. " .. ... 0 .. " .. .. " .. " " .. .. ~ ~ " " " .. is ~ .. .. ::I ...... • " ...... ' - .. .. :; ~ .. !II :!I .. .; :; 'ii i ;; ~ .. Ii ii :.J II! g § II ., ~ S ! 5 '" , i. ' .l! J ~ .Ii .Ii i. .Ii Ii i' .Ii ' i· Ii i. i i .. i. .Ii i. I ..; ~ .~ j • ~. •~ Co ~ Ii :a t ~ iI c ~ ..0 ':! ~ ~ 11 ! 1\' ~ ~ ..• I ~ i:i ~ .g ! ! 1 .. I ~ '" '" :-'" - ,..!. " ~ g .. " .. " ...... " " " " " "M ~ " ...... " • .. .. " " M " ft " " ~ :e • ..Ii ...;! :!I ::!• Ii! i ..00- I .. :- ! ~ -~ ! .. or or ~ il ! =: . .i .. '" ol! ;j .l! .l! i. i. i. i. i. i. ol! .l! Ii .. Ii . (Settlement Officer Mr. Rogers' letter No.7], dated 21st March 1860; received with Ahmedabad Collector's letter No. 417, dated 21st Mu:ch 1860.) No. 1933 OJ' 1860. Revenue CommissioMT"s Office, . Poona, 31at August 1860. Submitted for the instru~tions of Government. ~ 2. Mr. Rogtlrs. in his lett~~ No. 107, dated 21st November 1857, sub ~itted ratos of assessment for 29 ·viIlao-es in the Dhandhuka TaIuka, but recommended thcy should not be .SRnction"'ed as the permanent assessment until a suffieiont period has elapsed til judo-e of their suitableness or otherwise; and Government in thl'ir Resolution No. 3710, dated 9th November 1858, concUrred in his proposoJs. These rates have now been levied for three (3) years, and we can have 110 difficult, in pas~ing a decision on ihe ~abject. • 40 ' 3. When at'Dhandhuka in 'December last,- I made some enquiry into the results of the survey assessment, and was particularly -1859. struck with the enormous reduction effected in the ,revenue in some villages in consequence. 4. That gentleman, in his letter No. 107 of 21st November 1857, gave no reasons in support of his opinion of what the rates of &SI!e88ment should be.' He reported the measurement of the land under cultivation under the Bhtlg. batai system for past .rears, as shown in. the reco~d~, to be too untrustw?rt~y to admit of any use bemg made of them 10 determlDlDg the rates to be leVied In 'future and requested Government to esnction his proposals which he asserted but c;~ld not show to be suitable. Government remarked on the absence of the , usual statistical informa.tion supplied by officers when submitti nrr similar reports, ~nd approved Mr. Rogers' rates, on -no other ground appar.. ntly than that they involved less loss to the revenue than those sanctioned for Dholka. 5. The' cultivation returns under the old revenue system were, no doubt, nry defective; but still they might. hav~ been Dl!l'de some use of, as also the accounts showing the collections realised In every Village. 6. Mr. Rogers' lettert, now submitted, is even more unsatisfactory than hiB report above alluded to, and no conclusion what tNo. 71 of 21st March 1860. ever can be drawn 'from it of the suitableness of the settlement. '1. Mr. Rogers in his 2nd, 3rd and 4th paras.: gives the details of revenue realisations. remissions, and outstanding balances in M:~tt;~60NO. 71 of 21st 1857-58 and 1858.59, by which an increaRe of revenue arc. in the latter year is shown to have tliken place. (No comparison, however, is ma.de between the average realisations of past years and of those during which the survey rates have been in force, and Government are left completely in the dark as to the amount of revenue sacrificed by his settle- ment. ' 8. I now beg to forward a comparative statement showing the average realisations of three periods, not only in the above villages but in others subse. quently settled in the Dhandhuka Tltluka : the first is an average of the realisa tions of as many years as the villages have been in our possession; the second . of the last 20 years; and the third of the last ten (10) years previous to 1857-58. 'In this statement the realisations of the thre~ years 1957-58, 18&8-59 and )859-60 of survey rates are 'also shown, and also the area of land under cultiva. tion during the two (2) latter years. ' II. The first village on the list is Dhandhuka itsel£ The first average i; Re. 15,482 j the second is Re. 17,033 and the third is Rs. 19,964. The survey assessment for the three years is as follows ;..,.. , , RB. 1857-58 I'" 11.787 1808.59 ...... 12,488 1859-60 ...... 12,578 10. It will be observed by a reference to the returns of the annual realisa tions in Dhandhuka that the revenue for 1856-57 had risen to Rs. 27,769, and had the Bbagbatai system been in force during the three last year,.s the reali sations would, in consequence of the high prices of cotton and all produce. have reached nearly Rs. 30,000, while the survey ratel! yielded only Re. 12,578. More than the latter sum can now never be realised as all the lands are in c~ltivation excepting a thousand acres"of kuran which are annually sold by auction. • 11. The average assessment on the acre under the BMgbatai systeu'i "was Re. 3-0-7 and under the survey Rs. 1-11-0. I have already remarked that Mr. Rogers furnished no data whatever for the I'ates he proposed, and consider ing the whole of the lands in Dhandhuka are under cultivation under the old system, and there were no outstanding balances, it is impossible to guess what his reasonsc;were for reducing the assessment nearly SO per Clint. , , . 41 Kh.s. Son. 12. Enormous reductions ha,e been Pudana. Baggar. made. also in the villages mentioned in the KamiaH.. Gamph. I margll'~ . 13. In other parts of the Presidency great reductions have no doubt been made in the assessment by the survey. In those cases, however, the people were poor. Enormous tracts of land were Wllllte and the difficulty of communi. cation with, prevented produce bein~ exported, wh"reas in Dhandhuka the whole country is under cultivation and water carriage is procurable by the rayats almost !lot th.ir very doors. •• • 14. Mr. Rogers admits that the classification in Khas and one or two other Talukdari villages is faulty, and states that the great decrQase in other vi11ages is owingto tho unduly heavy assessment found practi~le t ,. 9·U-ll Comparative Statement 8howing the Average Realizations for certain pe1'iods qf tll8 Villages brought undc1' the SU1'1)eY Settlement in the Dhandhuka Tdluka. . • - . THIRD AVlIB.A.OB OJ' 10 YXABS. CULTIVATION. JrJRS'l' AVO'OB O. 30 YBARB. 3BCoNi> AVIIUAO. o. 2OY .."", For For Foi 1857·58 1858·59 1859·60 A_ I -, according according according L'ulti· . Numb ... Nam~ of the Villag ... Total Total to Survey to Survoy to Sunc)' vahle. Total Avorage.. Year. Average. Year. Averago. Year. Amount. AmolUlt. Amount. Ratol. Ratea. Ratea. 1858-.>9.m f~ m . v-", I 4· 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 1 2 3 . - Rs. Rs. Rs. Ra. Ra. Rs. ll.s. Rs. Rs. Rs. Aores. Acres. Acres. 20 3,40,671 17,033 10 1,99,64b 19,964 11,787 12,488 12,578 8,075 7,070 7,081 • , 0' 30 4,64,48:1 15,48~ 1 Dhandhllka ... 3,639 10 40,5!ll 4,059 3,947 4,197 4,016 3,742 a,5E2 a,509 Thl.npur , *30 1,01,037 3,368 20 72,785 2 ...... 11,636 581 10 8,127 8111 976 1,150 1,143 1,582 1,284. 1,225 8 Khun ...... 27 14,976· 5S4 20 ... 18 :;3,078 1,837 10 22,871 2,287. 1,670 1,98~ 2,OU6 2,051 1,624- 1,546 4 GClghla ...... • 386 76.j, 2,~97 liP 10 1,336 133 225 <1.23 1,803 819 Ii Migulpnr ...... 23 2,726 118 20 20 4,334 216 10 2,452 2-l./i 243 <1.81 • 513 2,250 900 1,04:1 6 Mandvipura ...... 26 4,926 189 • !IU} 25,381.- 974 20 20,862 1,043 10 10,565 1,(165 79.Jo 946 9:16 2,268 915 '1 Mndi ••• ...... 26 371 370 23 858 87 20 840 42 10 553 55 97 238 237 1,266 8 Mahadevpur ... - ~ ],496 ... 17,610 733 20 15,756 787 10 7,059 705 848 1,266 1,151 3,768 1,467 9 DMngar- ...... 24 . 1,088 26, 6,192 238 20 5,336 266 III 3,1~1 812 6l:! 851 855 1,969 1,083 10 Rahtalao ... " ... 986 . 12,740 455 20 10,0;,3 502 10 7,173 717 900 957 1,003 1,1 i6 988 11 Dhimtalao ...... 28 " 1,171 1,053 '" 23 31,636 1,375 2n 28,423 1,421 10 16,946 ],6~4 934 . 1,120 1,492 1.033 12 Kommiala ...... 50G 405 4H2 23 8,939 388 20 8,232 411 10 5,4U7 540 304 410 675 13 Aoandpur ...... 10 B,3i8 1,43·' 82:) 931 1,174 4,O()9 893 1,168 14 A'mli 23 27,922 1,214 20 25,077 1,253 '" ." ... 10,333 lil6 10 4,80S 480 ·21 ti 8I1 86jj 1,808 809 368 15 Wll.Iinda - ...... 22 11,885. 540 20 472 ... 2,988 142 20 2,963 143 10 2,235 223 1740 SiH 444 1,650 359 16 K!\m!\talao ...... ~ . 21 194 2]3 £2 5,133 233 20 5,011 250 10 2,916 291 167 ·227 252 688 17 Shel' ...... 10 22,769 2,276 1,802 1,93;; 1,976 3.753 1,8ul ],909 18 Sodi ...... • ],249 1+ 27.482 1,963 ••• ...... I1j 33,320 3,332 3,91>7 3,278 3,996 4,085 1,7117 2,IM 19 NMra ...... 1,005 ...... 10 13,772 1,377 986 1,009 1,n13 1,241 l,U63 20 Panvi ...... 4,747 3,Ou9 4,287 5,121 5,201 3,.J,67 4,389 21 Bhariad ...... 19 83,612 4,400 10 .47.. i70 ...... , ...... 2a Jluiuki ...... 82,906 8,~9J 5,945 6,042 4,'109 4,360 4,567 23 Khl\8 21 1,63.693 7,i9ii 20 1,54.700 7,739 10 ...... 25,6.J,5 4,274 . 3,207 3,2U:' 2,953 2,911 2,!J22 24 Baggsr ...... •. ... 6 .. ... 6,690 10 61,8.1.4 6,184 . 5,120 4,008 5,588 3,6SS 3.618 .25 Oamph ~ . ... 12 80,397 ...... 7 18,465 2,039 .. . 3.044 2,740 4,909 2,~80 2.273 26 GOnisMO ...... 823· ...... 13,037 1,086 10 )0,251 1,025 ... l,llU 1.182 1,257 830 27 K>lsindra ...... 12 2,733 '1.,771 12 55,204 4,600 10 48,155 4,815 . .. 3,610 3,7a' 2,778 28 Pad"'a ...... 9\8 1,0(17 , 12 13,201 1,100 10 . 10,R68 1,086 .. . 885 '1,03' 1,9:13 29 Chokri , .. ,...... 781 " S80 U9 632 1,723 617 30 Unkevalia ...... 12 6,265 438 10 3,80U ...... ;; 19.2'8 8,$49 .. 2,901 3,035 '2;:l7Ij 2,098 2,!04 31 J8Ska ...... 1,957 1,980 1,378 1,287 1,303 92 Kathia 16 25,097 1,:;68 10 20.47·' 2,O·H ...... 2,2tn 2,OU5 . 93 Oeogol.na ... .. , ...... , 9 20,351 ...... _...... '" 5,936 742 722 .., .. . 34 Khamidana ...... 8 ...... S. MANSFIELD, TIp""""" GI"\"'F·i~c-i"·"·K: i:A ·43 No,. 295' 0. 1862. , REVENUE DEPARTMZ!'T. Dated Bombay Oastle, 1st Augll8t 1862. To THm REVENUE COl\{MISSIONER, N. D. Copy of the Resolution passed 'by' Government"on a memorandum from 'the Revenue Commissioner, N. D., No. 1933, dated 31st August 1860, with accompaniments, relative to the suitableness or otherwise of the new rates of assessment introduced into the'l)handhuka Tiiluka of the Ahmedabad Col lectorate. His Excellency the Governor' in· Council, concurring in the Revenue Com missioner's opinion elfpl'essed in the 6th' paragraph of his report No. 1933, dated 31st August 1860, that no conclusion can be drawn from Mr. Rogers' report of the suitableness of the settlement proposed, requests that Mr. Ellis will ascertain and report whether the standILrd of classification and of rates has been correctly determined, or whether the relative values of that standard and of those rates have been judiciously apportioned. I If there are good grounds for the larg~. reduction of assessment proposed for Dhandhuka and other villages where the whole of the lands being under the plough, no extension of cultivation can be huped for, and where the facilities for' water carriage are great, these grounds_ should be detailed. The experience of the last five 'years of reduced assessments ".i11 enable Mr. Ellis to draw his conclusions as to the propriety of continuing or revising the'rates experimentally introduced by Mr. Rogers and sanctioned as an experiment in the Government Resolution No. 3710, dated 9th Novelpber 1858. If revision of rates be recommended sufficient data should be, furnish~d to enable His Excellency in Council to arrive at definite conclusion on the subject . • J. B. PElLE, Under Secretary to Gover!lment. No. 1980 01' 1862. Poona, 9tTi August 1862. With ,..ference to Officiating Settlement . Forwarded to the Superintendent, Officer's, letter No. n of 21st Ma.rob 1860. Gujar.i.t Revenue Survey, for information. 2. Captain Prescott will have the goodness to r.repare the necessary data before the opening of the season, and Mr. Ellis wi! , in the course of his tours, consult Captain Prescott ~n the subject. , ' . 3. Thepeople should be informed that Government have declineq, until . the receipt of further information, to guarantee the assessment which was ex perimentally introduced by Mr. Rogers. B. H. ELLIS, Revenue Commissioner, N. n. ----....:...- (Revenue Commissioner's'memorandum No. '1933, dated 31st August 1860. Government Resolution No. 2954, dated 1st Angust 1862. Revenue Commissioner's memorandum No. 1980, dated 9th August 1862.) No. 1981 o. 1862. :r?rwarde~ through the A<;.ting Collector of Ahmedabad far information and gUidance In respect to paragraph 3 :with reference to Mr. Rogers' letter No. 417, dated 21st March 1860. . " fJ. H. ELUS, • Revenue Commissioner,N. D. Poona, 9th Aug'"t 1862. U No. 657 OF 1862. Forwarded, the order referred to in paragraplt 3 having been issued. T. C. HOPE, Acting Collector. 30th. August 18aB. No. OF 1863. Kaira Districts, Supe1'intendent's Office, • Oamp Rudoo, January 1863. MEMORANDUM. The Superintendent, Revenue. SlIrvey and Assessment, Gujar.1t, has the RevenDe Commissioner's honour to acknowledge the receipt of the Revenue memorandum No. 1980 of Commissioner's memorandum on theResolution ofGov- 9th ADgnst 1862 on the Gov- ernment, noted in the margin, on a recommendation of ernm.nt Resolution No. 29('4, Mr. Mansfield that the assessment of certain villatTcs of dated the 1st idem. Dhandhuka should be considerably raised. 0 The villages·named by Mr. Mansfield as requirjng immediate revision are: DhBndhuka recommended to be raised 50 per cent. Padana ditto 411" Kami"Ua ditto 25" Sodhi ditto 25" Baggad ditto 25" Gamph • ditto 25 q Mr. Rogers, the late Settlement Officer, had such difficulty in proposing rates of assessment for .Dhandhuka that he recommended they should be sane. tioned as an experiment only. As Mr. Rogers has entered into this subject at great length in his letter No. 107 of 21st November 1857, it is only neces&ary to observe that, as the rates were introduced in 1857.58, sufficient time has . elapsed to determine whether they are suitable or not. Prices have risen in such an unacc.ountable way that it is extremely difficult to say what is the real value of rent now (supp"sing present p'ricea are main tained) as compared with what it, was at the time of settlement,' at whick time Dhaudhuka paid aUhe rate of one-half the produce. Assuming that the present classification (howel'er low the standard itself may be) represents the true relative value of fields, then the present assessment may be raised in equitable proportion by merely raising the maximum to a standard which the losition of each village as regards mar kilts and outporttl seems to warrant, an with _ due regard to its revenue-paying capabilities as exhibited.in an annexed statement (show.ing the average collections for all many years as there are accounts, and for 10 and 5 years prior to the survey assessment, ~he full assessment imposed by the survey on Government lands, and the collections for the last two years). The difference between the last year'8 collections and the Kamal will show very nearly the value of culturable land in each village not in cultivation, from which it can best be judged whether the present assessment has been pitched too low or not. It seems more than probable that present prices will be maintained, par ticularly if the numerous public works now projected are (''llrried out and the importation df silver bullion continues to be as great as it .is at present, add in fixing the assessment this must necessarily be carefully consider",d; but the Superintendent is respectfully of opinion that Government must be prepared to susta.in a certain loss from any settlement nj>w to be made in Dhandhuka, simply beca.use if the assessment is at once raised, as it might be, it will place the rayats of Government i~ Dhandhuka in a much worse position than those or the adjoining taluka of Dholk~who were so fortunate as to obtain the guarante.. for 30 years of rates fixed at a ~me when prices were'even,lower than when J)andbuka was settled• • 45 Before making any 'Proposals for altering the present assessment it is necessary to show what the prices were at the time the revised rates were fixed and what they are now. , Cotton was then procurable at the rate of 15 sers and 20 tolds for the rupee; now 8 or 9 sers fetch a rupee, and prices are gradually rising. Then 42 sers of juwar could be obtained for a rupet4; now 28 sers is the utmost procurable. . Karbi (the straw of juwar) is now more than double the price it was at the time of settlement, aud U'lI cereals and pulses have advanced in price . nearly in the same proportion as juwar. Ghee, which is, it is believed, largely produced in Dhandhuka, is now more than twice. as dear as it was at the time the settlement was made. The country seems now rapidly pro!1Tessing, material wealth is iocreasing, and prosperity. ~very,whereappare?~; and it is more tha? probable ~at present prices Will contmue,l but the posltlOn of Dhandhuka IS so peculiar and the seasons so uncertain that in proposing a fixed assessment for 30 years a very large marf:,>in must necessarily be left for contin~encies and the real capabilities of the di8trict tested by a careful examination of the collections of former years as nearly as the system of Bhtigbatai will admit of. The first village to be considered is the KasbaTown of :Qhandhuka itself, with a culturable area of 8,354 acres of Government land inclusi~ of a little over 1,000 acres of assessed meadow land which is annually sold by auction for more than the survey assessment. Of this area 7,105 acres (exclusive of the meadow land) were in cultivation ill ,;"",'" .,A.D,-, and the collections upon it amounted to Rs. 12,339-8-0. DII.Wn,t IllltH& ' . The collections pre~ous to the introduction of the survey rates were : R •• On an a.vemge of 80 yea.rlil last before the Burvey... •.. 15,187 Do. 10 do. _ do...... 18,958 Do. 5 do. do. ... 19,152 Colleotions in the year before the survey...... 27,769 'J.'hese figures show that the revenue has been gradually ,rising, and the collections of the last year before the introduction of the new rates proves what the reveq,ue-paying capabilities of the town really are. It must be borne in mi,nd, however, that a calculation of the capabilities of a village based Oldy on the collections of the last year pre.ious to the sqrvey is "ery likely to be fallacious as- a great deal of waste land is taken up under' the old system merely to secure possession under the new. Against the fiO'ures . given above Ulust be plaeed those of the total assessment (or kctnuil) aeco~ding to the .surv~ywhich amounts to Rs. 15,625 or 17 per cent. less than the average collectlOus lor the last 10 years AJ).d not !nuch more than half the collections of the year previous'to the survey_ . . The Superintendent ha.s very carefully considered everything affecting the assessment of this Il.ourishing town and IS respectfully of opinion that it is much too lowly assessed. ---, Mr. Mansfield recoIilmends an increalle of 50 per cent. which would be represented by increasing the present maximum from Rs. 2-8·0 to Jt:!. 3·12·0 per acre. .. The Super!ntenden.t is of opinio';l t?at even this is not a sufficient increa.se, and thnt not'ont!lstandmg the PIlOXlll)lty of Dhol~a, the maximum dry-crop rate should be lllcreased to Rs. 4-4-0. The Supermtendent would not iuter. fere with the presel\t. BagaJ:at rates at all, the average of which is now R.~. 6-0-6 per acre, conSiderably more than double the average dry-crop rate which the proposed ma.ximum will give when applied to the annas of the present classification. If'sllpcrior authority should approve this proposal the newaveraO'e dry-crop rate will be Rs. .2·1£·0 (against Rs. 1·11.1, the existing average dryocrop rate, • 9~1-12 46 and Rs. 2·13·7 the old average rate) and will give a kam,flof Rs. 24.915 IS exhibited in the statement marked A, from which the following is an utract:- ' New Ko""" Survey Average Aven.ge Ra1.e01l incluaiv. old Dry. average of &~'Y&' Dry.crop maximulD Old KtMIIdl. Lan.!. crop RaM. Rate. . DOW aaeaaed .. pro~ .tpreeenL • Rs. a. p. Rs. a. p. Rs. a. p Re. Rs. 2 13 7 III 1 2 H C 15.625 2~,915 The next village is Ranpur. where there is a considerable market. It contains. according to the survey 3.725 culturable acres. of which 3.591 were occupied last year, the revenue on which amounted to Rs..... 161. The collections previous to the survey settlement were as under, viz. :-:- • • . Re. On an average of 30 yeat's previous to the AUI'Vey •• .' 3.168 Ditto lO ditto ••• 3.563 Ditto 5 ditto ••• ••. 8.879 Collections of the year before the 8nrvey ... •.. 5.713 The revenue of this village has also been gradually increasing, and the Superintendent is of opinion that the assessment ought to be pitched higher. so as to make the new kamal at least equal to the collections of the year before the survey. and would therefore propose a new maximum dry·crop rate of Rs. 2·'·0 instead of Rs. I-t2 •. 0. which would increase the average (according to the present classification) from Rs.. 1.0-9 to Rs. 1.5-6 per acre. giving a kamal of Rs. 5,476;- .. ,A."' ....a.ge . Avenge Survey average Rate on the Survey 'N ..... old Dry' Dry.crop maximum Kaffldl. Kamdl. ,crop Rate. Rate. DOW ,propoeod. R .... p. Rs .... p. Rs. B. p. Rs. Rs. 109 109 156 4.243 5,476 . • Xamia.lla No.3. T8Jukdari. ThiS village, Mr. Mansfield recommended, should be raised 25 per cent. The Superintendent is of opinion that the maximum of this village may be fairly raised from Rs. 1-8-0 to Rs. 2 which.will give an average according to the present ·c1assification, of Rs. 1-7-0 per acre against Be. 1·9-2. the old average rate. . "The collections prior to the survey settlement were:-- , Rs. On ILIl average of 22 years before the 811I'Vey ••• ! ,368 Ditto lO. ditto .. , ... ••• 1.608 Ditto 5 ditto '" ...... 1.425 Collections of the year before the sUI'Vey ... 1.522 SUt'Vey Kamel! according to the proposed new rate ... 2,l'44 The estimated area of culturable land according to the survey is 1,492 acres, of which 1.295 were occupied last year :- Survey Average A '"""'II" RateOD th old Dry- aVer&jj8 manmum Survey N... Dry-crop KaOidI. Kam4l. crop Bate. DOW Bate. propos.d. Rs. B. P Re. a. p. Rs. a. p Re_ Rs. 192 113 1 7 ·c 1.379 2,144 This village contalllS (accordmg to the survey) a culturablearea of 668 acres, An d N 4 of which 570 were in cultivation last season. and paid an pur 0. • a revenue of Rs. 539~ The revenne WII8 gradually risin'" at the introduction of the new rates. . t> RI. The average on the collections for 23 yeat'S before the snney being ... 368 Do. 10 do. do. ..; ... 455 " . Do. 5 do. do. •.. .., 594 rhe 'year before the settlement ••• ... ••• ... ;." 609 47. The 9ur",ey maximum rate is Rs. 1-8, the average Rs. 1-1 and the «arnat Rs.6()3, which the Superintendent is of opinion is quite high enough and 88 much as the village can pay, and he would not, therefoN, recommend any increase to the present rate. . ~eyond the information conveyed in the .accompanying numbered . • statement tha Superintend- Goghla, No.6. Ro.&. p. Valid.. No. 9. Ro. ... p. ent is not aware that it is l-i'>- R •. a. 'po 1!a. II. p. Rs. a. p Ra. Rs. 1 8 I) 0 12 6 1 2 9 884 1,442 Bhc:tridd.-The Superintendent cannot at present report on this village till Bhnriad No. 14. he has mada another reference to the Mamlatdar, as there is a discrepancy in the figures which must be accounted for, but, as the existing IIISsessment nell Khamidllna, No. 33. These are both TaIukdari villages the attachment llevg&n&, No. 340. of which has been raised, and they are both now managed by the Talukdars . . In conclusion the Superintendent would observe that a very low standard of classification combined with low maximum rates has tended to reduce consi. derably the revenue of Dhandhuka; yet in proposing these alterations he has throufl'hout endeavoured to fix, as near as possible, the assessment which should have been imposed at the settlement, and except only in the case ofDhandhuka KD.8ba itself have present high prices been brought into the calculation at all. 'CYRIL JACKSON PRESCOTT, Captain, .Superintenden~, Revenqe Surver and Assessment, Gujamt. B 941-13 Comparative State?nent 8howing the financial elect of the experimenfal Settlement in Dhandhu1ca, the" old aV8fage Dry-crop Rates, the Survey maximum Dry-crop Rate, the Survey a'lHlTage Rate and Kamal in 35 Villages of the DllandllUka Tdluka, together with the average collections on Government " land. • . "'. , Average AUbat Old avep .. A'f'erD tr8 of the Average A "erAge . Sur y 'Pel"" Gent. At thu ..te tho • age dry. ... collection! of collee- of eolleo. CollectIon, ve deereue • mazimum D81eument crop rate Survey- ra.te pe for as tionl for tioDa for in the 88Bellment I)f KamtU ~neotl~1U ~ediOD' Propoeed the aVeI!- inciqdina pel' acre maximum Survey dl'J'"crop m nit 10 1"'5 bfo on the ed InA.D. mA.D. . Name af Village. oh:waific&-- acre boa£, Y yC&!'1!I as ~ year e re eultnrable o0l!lpar 1860.61 1861.62 new maD_ age I'8te B4Rtya' taken on dry·crop tion an1l8l. according S "rore the yean be .. yeara be- S:;~f11 area. and "y'l!:: on eultur- on eultor. mum drte." aocordiog and rioo 'he 10 rate. to the u .ey as fore the fore the 1856 GoverD- able area. able area.. orop ra tep.... nt laRd years' Survev accounts Survey Su"ey . • mentlandl ave~ elaaaitica- aueued aVe1'age. ,. are procur· rates. rMeB. • collections. tiou. at exiatini! able. \ rateo. 1 3 4 5 8 7 8 D 10 11 12 13 III 16 17 Rs. e. po :RI. a. P, RI. .. Po Ro, •• Po . Rio Ro. lla. Be. Ro. Ro, R& .. p . Ro. .. Po SB, Dhandhuka. Town 2 13 7 2 8 o 0 10 10 1 11 1 . 16,181 18.958 10,152 27,769 "l5,625 17 tl2,358 . 12,33' 4 .. 0 2" 0 24,9111 Ranl'ur ,.. . .. 109 1 12 o - 0 9 7 109 3,168 3,560 3,879 6,713 40243 4,154 4,167 2 .. 0 1 I 8 5,476 Kami;\l1& I._ 192 J 8 o 011 6 1 1 3 ' ),368 ') 608 1,426 1,52a 1,379 1,1:19 1,269 1I II 0 1 7 0 2,144 A 'nlllldpur ... i 14 9 1 8 o 011 4 1 I 0 368 '455 594 600 . 603 ". 5:13 539 Gbn~hlR .• 0 •• I 10 6 I 12 o 011 1 146 1,628 1.8.17 2,321 !l.88S, 8,387 2,117 2,111 Jrl 6.nuv ipura. ... 064 1 4 o 012 o 8 \I 182 211 174 253 969 598 792 Sodhi ... u. 1 3 1 I 12 o 008 1 0 \I 1,556 1.636 1,937 8,1!/i 3,015 2,047 2.138 ., 'mbli...... 168 1 12 o 0 9 8 I 0 11 1,214 1,4.18 1,470 1,249 1.076 1,347 2,100 ... " . Valida. n. 112 1 12 o 0 9 3 102 IiII8 D24 420 140 1.440 411 936 Kli.mAtAl'v •• _ I 2 11 112 e 010 U 1 \! 10 133 183 \!03 198 1.211 114 614 - Rhelll I 13 2 I 12 o . 0 10 )0 1 II 11 2'l6 268 284 15 680 309 533 Navra ••• •.. I 7 11 I 8 o 0 10 1 o IS 1 8,332 3.332 3.486 ;6.378 6.447 2,842 2,885 Pallvi .... .4. I 8 6 I 8 o 0 8 4 012 6 J,377 .1,377 1,180 :1,11Z 1184 646 M8 II • 0 1 'i I 'iM2 } II...... llharhld ,.. .. . 1 7 11 \! 0 o U II I 170 4.453 6,294 4,591 '3,282 U90 5,JI51 5,740 Khu '.. .. . 1 • 5 2 0 o 0 1 6 015 0 7.819 8,270 8,309 8i1,369 "6.108 6,110 8,l/iO I .. e I ~ci 10 "I illnu..,..1aodI ...... told .., llR~."I...... 1 G 3 2 0 o 0 & M o 13 10 4,274 4,274 4,363 3,5M 3,241 8,207 8,20'7 140 016 7 Jaa '" ... •.. 2 4 o 010 0 166 No record. ., 3,205 3,1137 3,205 l1ota.clia ... •.. 2 f o 0 10 \I 187 Do. I,URI) 1,067 - ... 8.467 Mudi ._ ••. 158 2 0 o 0 8 10' 118 -'20 843 ·i:M6. 1,314 1.716 lU6 936 - The mlledklla. rew "" J ....I ...... 1 0 e •.. h. No record. 148 1"n Suny., 1'15 aM ~bun a.. ... I '0 , 2 0 o 087 1 1 2 459 607 '''736 1.614 1,394, 1,1110 '(143 lUll are mown ...,In" ... tr.- ';;I~ ~ .. Rltimtalb' ••. I 2 11 2 0 o 0 9 8 1 I 6 81i? 4:i9 646 1,061 1.128 997 1,008 IIIthonllb ma.... ed ... Bhan~ar ••. 088 013 0 444 426 1,168 ,ft o 9 6 1 8 o 663 '" 1,118 ).1-61 •• rdln, Ie &be n"., Re.h:Ua14v _._ o 13 4 2 0 007 I o If 4 ilO ilI1 322 278 8111 855 H, ~d..al b,. u.. lIhnlt'_ra 'f;~1 - din..iu She reali_ M ah',levpura .. 010 6 25 ill 24 !l:l8 2.11 o 8 11 1 8 81 687 &i0lla an DOl. npon.4, Mnnj:alpur ... 081 I 0 g g 1 X o 8 8 108 98 84 76 845 423 386 - GaDlpb ••• •.. 1 4 7 2 0 o OIlJt J 7 10 6filI 6,184 '.988 &,296 7.358 5,120 4.9118 PaciAI'''... ••. 1 12 8 \! 4 o 0 9 0 152 f.!l.;o 4,815 8,001 6,189 3,682 3,610 3,862 1011 1 12 8 Knaindra ••. 126 I 12 o 012 8 106 1,(l96 l,O'!5 8"5 6"1 1,486 1.110 .,182 Ghor:bao...... o 15 8 2 0 '0 0 10 0 140 !l.637 2,637 2,815 3.2'l2 '-523 8,_ 2,74& Chokri ... 120 1 12 o 0 e 2 100 1.100 1,0>16 903 860 l,3W 885 1,034- - Unkewttlli& .•. I 12 014 0 438 3i9 1101 012 10 o 080 IUi3 362 1,123 II'.U ~. - Klmmidana .o. 2 0 o 0 9 \I 1 • 10 N..... rd. 1,712 034 Ilevpna ... 2 0 o 0 8 6 I ) II Do. 1,662 - 1,993 !'imparia... ••. '" 1 8 o 0 7 I o 10 10 Do. 180 C.. J. PRESCOTT, Captain, 51 No. 409 or 1863. REVJ:NUE DEPARTMENT. To TUE HON'BLE A. D. ROBERTSON. Secretary to Government, Bombay. Oamp KapadiJanj, 13th Fe'bruaryi863. SIR, I have the honour to submit the following report on the assessment of Dhankhuka, lUI required in the Resolution of Government, No. 2954, dated lst August 1862. 2. I append a memorandum fr<;lm Captain Prescott, Superintendent of the Gujarat Survey, but I may mention~hat Captain Prescott, after writinlf the memorandum, met mEi and went throngh the detailed figures of each VIllage with me, and he concurs in the following propositions. I may state that 1_ have personally visited many of the villages, and I have been within a short distance of nearly all the others. I am able; therefore, to speak from personal observation of the crops, dimate, and locality. \ S. There can be no doubt but that the soils of Dhandhuka, except in some of the villages situated in the salt and muddy flat in the eastern part of the district, have been classed very much below their real value. Mr; Beyts, an officer of experience, in recently testing one village found the classification four annas below his calculation by the present standard of the survey, and anyone who looks 'at the soil and crops and compares them with the classers' figures, can arrive at but one result, that the standard of classification has been need lessly lowered. " . - \' 4, I found, Lowever, that generally there is no reason to question the comparative classification in the same village or groups of villages, and Captain Prescott has expressed the same opinion.. The classers laboured under the disadvantage of not having to work within a continuous boundary but in having I to take lip grollp8 of Government villages scattered among tallolkda.ri ~l.dings, and this may hllve affected the accW'acy of the valuations. But in the villages; the rates of which it is DOW proposed to revise, the assessment may be assumed from the cultivation to have been equitably apportioned though unifurmlr too low. An exception is to be found in Gamph, a village which it is not materIal to consi41er at present, as it has been restored to the Talukdar. Regarding 'tl!s>se which f B 941-1( , . Statement .howing the aVe'f'U[J8 Rate oj th81m'mer, present, and proposed Asse8sments 0/ certain Village, in the lJhandhuka Tdluka . _ 0/ thll Ahmedabad Collectorate. . ' , . AOCOBDING '10 MR. Roona' SKTTLDI'KNT. NoW' BBOOMIl.NDBD. INOBUD. Old average Dry.crop Rate Bum- N"",.. of Village .. per Acre, taken Average Rate bo .... OD the 10 years' Survey CIaui6ca.- Survey maximum per Dry-crop Aver~ge. Kam41. M.zimum Bate. A P ....ntage. AmOOllt. ROD. Annal. Dry-crop Rate. Aore nccording vel'1ljJ6 Rate. Itam". to the Survey. Re. B, P- Bs. a. p. Re. a. p. Re. a. p. Ra. Ra. a. p. Rs. a. p. Rs. Ra. I Dhandhub ...... 213 7 o 10 10 2 8 0 1 11 1 H,1I15 4 0 0 211 .4 17,944 60 6,729 • 2 Pad tina ...... 1 12 8 0 9 5 2 4 0 1 5 2 3,662 8 • 0 1 14 3 6,290 44~ 1,628 8 Khaa ...... 1 4 5 0 7 6 2 0 0 015 0 4,276 2 10 0 1 8 8 5,611 811 1,335 4 Baggar ...... 1 5 8 0 611 2 0 0 o 13 10 2,500 2 10 0 1 1 6 3,281 81i 781 5 Ran pur ...... 1 0 9 0 9 7 1 12 0 1 0 --9 4,259 2 0 0 1 3 2 4,867 14f 608 - 6 Kamialla ...... 1 9 2 011 6 1 8 0 1 1 8 1,379 1 12 0 1 4 0 1,608 161 22!1 7 Anandpur ...... 114 9 011 4 1.8 0 1. 1 0 611 1 12 0 1 3 10 713 161 102 8 Sodhi ...... 1 8 1 0 9 8 1 12 0 1 011 8,108 2 0 0 1 3 • 3,552 141 U, - Total ...... , ... ., .... '" .n 3l,010 , ...... ". 42,866 ... 11,856 N. 8. - Tb. fig .... of tho Kom41 _ment do no& ognoo wi&h &h_ gi... iD Captain l'nocoW. lIlOIDoraDdnm; &he former relate ualWli.el;y &0 jim),.' lando, wh_ &he '-_ emm.oe tho whole of &he oul&urablo lando 01 &he .illAiOl. . :no H. ELLIS, Revenue CommiBsiQDor, N. D. 55 No. 410 OB' 1863. Camp Kapadvanj, February 1863. Forwarded to the Superintendent of Survey,. Gujai-:!.t, with a. request that he will prepare the papers in the five Klui.lsa. villages mentioned in the last par~- graph. • 2. A copy will also be seOnt to the Collector. ;S. H. ELLIS, Revenue Commissioner, N. D. Revenue Survey and Assessment. No. 656. REVENUE DEPARTMENT. Bombay Castle, 3rd March 1863. Letter from the Revenue Commissioner, N. D., No. 409, dated 15th February 1863-Sub mitting, with his ohilervations and opinion, a report from the Superintendent, Revenue Survey and As.'\lSSment, Gujarat, relative to the new rates of. assessment to be intro duced into the Dhandhuka Tltluka of th~ Ahmedabad Colleetorate, as Tequired in Government Resolution No. 29541, dated 1st August 1862; and requesting the early. orders of Government with a view to the new rates being explained to the people at the coming jamabandi and introduced for the next year's revenue. . RESOLUTION.-All Mr. Ellis' proposals and recommendations are approved and sanctioned, and the usual guarantee for 30 years is given to the rates now fixed. A. D. ROBERTSON, Secretary to Government. To The Revenue Commissioner, N. D. 56 No. 36 or 1889. Faoll H. E. M. JAMES, ESQUIRE, Collector of Ahmedabad; To G. F. SHEPPARD, ESQUIRE, Commissioner, N. D. Ahmedabad, 7th January 1889. SIR, I have the honour to forward the Revision Survey Report of the Dhandhu. kli T6Juka, prepared by Mr. A. S. Bulkley and forwarded by his successor Mr. T. Fernandez. The proposals relate to 13 villages only, all the rest being Taluk~ dari. 2. All these villages except one (Anyili Kathini which was made kMlsa a few years ago) were first subjected to a cash assesSlUent by Mr. A. Rogers in 1857. Prior to that they paid their revenue in kind. Mr. Rogers pitched the rates far too low in the two principal villages, Dhandhuka Kasba and Ranput, and lost the Government a great deal of revenue, . for there was no extension of cuI. tivation possible in the villages, all the land having been taken up. ~'or instance he reduced Dhandhuka which paid Rs. 27,7G9 in 1856·57 to Rs. 12,578. ' Mr. S. Mansfield, then Revenue Commissioner, took exception to this, the needless sacrifice of revenue being accentuated by a rise in prices, and Sir B. Ellis, who succeeded Mr. Mansfield, revised the rates for 1860·61 at a time when cotton had already begun to rise consequent on the American War. Sir B. Ellis raised the rates in five of the villages ;- , Rs. a. p. Re. &. p. Dha.ndhllka from n 8 0 to 4 0 0 Ranpnr 1- 12 0 .. 2 0 0 Sodhi " 1 12 0 .. 2 0 0 KamuUa " l' 0 1 12 " 8 .. 0 Anandpnr " 1 8 0 ;, 1 12 0 8. The following table will give a bird'seye view of the more salient features of the revenue history of the district :~ ·Avel'D:;'o ARB! cut.TfT A'nID Collectionll Collection 8 AXI) CoLLEl'TIOlCe AlL.A CI~nvA"D for 10 In year )'OR lSP(HiO, AND f"'LLIlCTIOK' Peroenbo ltaleo Itflulton Mr. ';:'.;. Sir U. 6".,00"' 1856·57 Blw Yf'.AR 0' . .U& IblS1-81f. nldlng ... J( genl'Ra EIJis'Ratea 10.... now Inl."l'8M arne 01 VUlage. prct'edinJl Ua. RooJICIII,' R£Ta!I, Cult iVA- Survey proptWed. t 011100. ('86'). (1"'). Survoy lil,JD. (It 18.\7 lla.... tioDl. collected Aol'OB. Rupee •• in kind. AreA. IRevenue. • , ------Rs. Ii. p. Its. a. p. R•• I\s. Acres. lta. !Y... p. Ra. . - Dhu.ndhuk1l. ... 8 0 0 0 19,Pf'.4 27, TOO 7.081 J~,578 7,lf.iS 19,200 0 24,89" .- 3,f;:19 8,61;0 • 0 0 1,a.!IJ) .. R!4l1pUr ...... •1 1'2 0 • 0 0 4/H,11 b,ilS 4,016 ',,3:! • Sodbi ... ..' ... 112 0 • 0 0 2.~j6 8,19~ J,I.IO\' l,I1i6 I 6,t:lJ3 0• , 0 6< li,:.::,o ..(i,w.n "'" 0 ..B,K44 "" "I Bluu,HIi.d ...... 0 • 0 0 4,H7 8,:!8i 4"i!ol9 li,121 • I 1 ..)(19 KamlAlo...... •1 0 •I 12 0 1,ti!)1j l,!;:?'l l,u;}3 1,lil 1,1l11{l •, •0 0 . I .... .~ A'nnmlpl1f ...... 1 •8 0 1 12 0 &I • 6119 6-h~ fJ~~ 0 0 n 1- 1 ,. 3'\8 :m5 1,177 1,4U 0 0 1,8'4 SI" "Mida ...... '" 1 10 0 .,., "'" .'" ~'lllbil ...... 110 0 I I! • l,4:U· 1,249'" 1,1,~.'" 1,1" S,768 <1,122 • 0 0 ',Im "'I Kiw:it.aJiv ...... '12 0 1 12 0• 22:1 IllS 4j;l .. , 1,175 016 0• 0 0 1.020 111 8el:&. ..• ...... •.. 1 12 0 I I. n 2111 7.'> 21:l 2.\2 'M tlu, 0 0 7ll Go-zhl{1 ... .. , 112 0 110 0 2,1;'7 2,8M 1,515 2.006 2,01:1 1,615 " 0 0 2.'''7 12," Mnudvlpura ...... 1 0 1 0 25a 1,042 615 1,80.> .,. •1 • • ".. ------.---- • • ... • Total ... ._. ... S8,ZlU -te,890 28,311 30,1" 3Ol!81 47,922 ...... -... AnriU K~ini ... . 110 0 .. l,Ogo 713 112 0 1,056 .. ... '" .-...... -.. , --86,329 --.tI!I,tl86 .,...... .. .Noet.-The88 fltnJre9 are taken frtlm the Appenri\:t to Mr. MaosfteW',leWif of3l8t AugtW 1860, The,' diller JOmewha& fram t~ gil-'en to \~ Appendix to Cllptain .Preacott.·sletter 01' JMuary le~. . I 57 4. I will only briefly sketch the taluka. Mit appears to me. Though much more might have been dOlle for Dholera and the south-east portion of the taluka in the lw;t 28 years, communications have by no means been neglected, and it pos-, sessee facilities which many- portions of the British territory might envy. The BbaV1lagar Railway, constructed in 1881, now pllsses through the western vil lages, 19 miles from Dhandhuka. The great Gogha road is kept up, and, although the first six miles out of Dhandhuka are not so good as they ought to be, still even that portion has lately been taken in hand, while the rest of it is a first -class road, and by no means, as described in the report, "little superior to the ordinary coun try track." A first class bridged and metalled road connects Dhandhuka and Eanpur, and another, almost as good, BarwaJa and Eanpur. The bridge on the Bhogliwo at Phedra is an eno;mous boon to through traffic from Dholera to Ahmedabad and Viramgam. The real want is a good road from Dhandhuka to Dholer&, which, I hope, we may see carried out in a short time. Measures for improving the port and the road to it are already being estimated for. 5. The great staplp.s grown are cdtton and wheat, which flourish extraordi narily. In the villages under report 40 per cent. of the cultivation is cotton, 25 per cent. wheat, 10 per cent. jow:1ri, and 17 per cent. gras~ or fallow. The soil , (where not khdr or salt) is generally the richest black. 6. At the commencement of the expiring settlement the inflated prices which were the consequence of the American War, gave a great impetus to the Mluka. Excluding the two main villages of Dhandhuka and Ran pur, where there was no waste land to take up, cuI tivation has increased from 12,631 acres to 24,420 acres, i.e. it has just doubled. The price of land is high; without trusting too much to the results obtained from the Registry Office, which need taking into large deductions (for when a cultivator acknowledges that he has mortgaged his field for Rs. 1,000 it does not necessarily mean that he has received half of that sum), still figures showing that assessed land, when sold, fetch nearly 8 times the assessment and alienated 50 times the assessment, and that when l&ed,. assessed land fetches between 2-and 3 times the a~sessment, cannot but be a proof of the value of the soil and the profits to be made. .,; 7. Under these circumstances I cannot but think that the rates proposed are too low, and it seerus evident that they have been kept low owing to the stern necessity of bringing out a general result for the taluka which shall not exceed the maximum percentage increments fixed about fourteen years ago. But I beg to point out that this is unjust, and no one knows it better than the people themselves' i Even if Eanpur is near a Railway station, why should its rates be raised 50 per cent. and Dhundhuka Kasba by only 121; per cent? 'l'he R;i.npnf land is stony and not so productive as Dhundhuka, the rates on which are so low that the whole of the land has passed out octhe liands of the cultivators into the' hands ofthe BUllias. Why should the hard-working cultivators of Ranpur be treated so much more harshly than the rapacious Wa.nias from whom it is actually proposed to take less than the cnltivators paid in 1856-57, 32 years ago, when the prices obtained forproduce were 25 to40per cent.les~ ? Again why should Bhadiad, close to a large market in the richest part of the Bhal, be assessed at Rs. 2-4-0; the salDe as Sodhi, with a great deal of had land and not half so well situated 1 The Bhudi:1dGrassias once wereT;Uukd;\rs, and in 1805 they gave up their village to the British Government which a short time before had established itself at Dholera in order to gnin the powerful protection of the British from outlaws. The condition made was that they should get one-fourth of the net proceeds of the village which they still ~lIjoy--a.sum ofaboutRs. 2,000. They came tome not long ago and hegged that the village ml~ht be res~red to them back on its original tenure -: all arrange m~nt that they siud would give them an income of Rs. ao,ooo a year. Nor do I. tlllnk that they ~xagg?rated m~c~, as the cultivators in. the Bhal pay half ~he produce to the Talukdar_ Yet It IS proposed to put Bhadu\d at Rs. 2-4-O-a.n 10- crllase of 12~ per cent. Valida and Goghla are raised 14' per cent. (it w~rks __ out to 31 and 12i. so that the first classification must ha.ve heen very bad)., To Lejust and fair, to assess the v.illages according to their relative fertility ond local odvantages, ond at thll same time not throwaway money to whith the State is fairly entitled, I think the following rates should be imposed :_ • 941-11) 58 a.. ... 10."...... Dhandhuka ;; 8 3il per ceDt. Ranpur 3 0 50 " Sodhi 3 0 50 N BbRdiad ••• :I 8 75 Kamiala. ... \ 2 8 " Knandpur ... )- 42-85 • Valida. Xmbli :::1 Kamat.alav ... ~ 2 4 28'57 Sel.. ... I " Goghl" ... J Mand ~ipura 1 8 20 " AnylUi Kathini _ l! 8 on existing rate.. The only reason why I would keep the Rs. 2-4-0 group so low is that they suffer badly for want of sweet wotet'. The encroachments too upon the Bhl1dar river below Dhandhuka have turned most of the water into the northern branch and the land is becoming salt. After heavy rain they are liable to floods. A survey of the Bhl1dar river (the main cause of all these evils) is now in progress, and it is estimated that it will cost Government Re. 30,000 to carry out the neces sary works. But the outlay will have to be found some day. Ml1ndvipura is a poor little outlying village inhabited by Kolis, and at this moment deserted owing to· want of water and complete failure of crops. But some of the land is good, and an increase is possible. It is ail good at least. as 80me of the Hs. 1.12.0 villages in Dholka. 8. If, however, the orders are absolute that no matter what errors llU\y have been committed before, or changes of circumstances occnrred. those errors are to be stereotyped and thus changes of circumstances not allowed for beyond the iron limit of 33 per cent. increase for the whole t81uka, then I would sugge'3t making a rateable deduction from the above rates down to the limit allowed and .nction the settlement for five years ooly, by the end of which time it may he hoped that the communication with the port of Dholera and the port itself will have been greatly improved. No doubt it is impossible to settie exactly what each village can and ought to pay. The habits and thrift of the people and their actual means must be cOilsidered, and this circumHtance accounts for my proposing to assess I1hadil1d so much below Dhandhuka K~ba. But it is notorious that Dhandhuka, one of the richest parts of the district, is much underassessed, and a revision is the occasion for righting such mistakes. In Dholka Government have sanctioned a Rs. 1-8-0 rate for a Nalkantha village like Kesrandi. . Can it be said then that Hs. 2-4-0 is too much for Ambli or ::lela P 9. It is, I beg leave to observe, specially important that the asscssment in these villages be not kept too lo\>;. Whatever Government sanctions now will. serve as 'a model for the assessment of the rich Tl1lukdl1ri villages in the Bhal, and the aggregate loss will be very great. 10. Mr. Fernandez quotes my predecessor, }.fr. Reid, as having expressed his approval of the rates proposed by tbe Depnty Superintendent. I feel much rductance in criticising the views of my predecessor who had a specially good knowledge of this district. I admit tbat there is a great deal of' khar' and water-logged lan9 in the Bha!. Whether this could be inlproved by an alternate system of soaking and draining, as Mr. Reid seemB to have'thought, I do not know. But the bigh land is the richest in the province MId worthy of paying a good quota to the revenue, and the assessment on badJand should be reduFed in the cla~sification. ,;, ' " 11. I have no objection to the few Government trees in Dhandhuka be ing made over to the occupants. , I have the honour to be, Sir, Your UIOSt obedient Servant, H. E. M. JAMES, Collector_ • 59 No. ~.. 0.1889. FROM • THB COLLECTOR or AHMEDABAD; To 'rHB SURVEY AND SETTLEMENT COMMISSIONER. •• Camp Rrinpur, 4th Februarg188d. SIR, I desire to supplement my remarks on the revision of the Dhandhuka. . vill~es, as -1 have, since writing my report No. 36 of the 7th ultimo, been able to vIsit nearly all of them. 2. Bha.d~ad (vide my 7th paragraph) is not the only village in which the . Girassias receive one-fourth of the jama. The Ambli Girassias receive one fourth of the revenues of- A'mbli, Sela, _ Kamatai!l.v, Valida, a sum of about Rs. 1,80U •• The Kami:!.la Girassias also denve about Rs. 550 from KamiaIa and A'nandpur. Thus, whatever revenue is fixed, the Girassias benefit proportionately, and both at Kaminla and Bhadiad the· Girassias have petitioned that the revenue be increased. In the first case the enhancement asked for is 4 annas in the rupee, in the second the Girassias agree to pay 2 annas ' for every 6 annas more than the revised rates, if the whole village be restored to them_ 'l'he KamiaIa Girassias were especially vehement about the present under-assessing of A'nandpur. B. Kamilila and A'nandpur should distinctly be in a class above the A'mbli group; their land is good and not so liable to water-logging. Both here and in other villages I received complaints of the encroachments of khar or salt,' and it seems a pity that this very important question does not seem to have attracted the attention of your department. Several fields were shown me in different places where the land was said to be deteriorating. 4. Of the group A'mbli, Valida, Sela, Ka.matala.v and Goi¥ua, I should feel inclined to recommend the two last being put in a class below the other three. 'l'he villages themselves. are wretchedly small and the land water-logged, ~nd the water-suppl~ especially bad. • 5. Bhadil1d, with very fair land on the high road close to D;hollera, and Sodhi form a class apart and higher than the last five, but the situation of Bhariad is 80 ntlch better that it should be assessed higher. The land at Sodhi also is not BO good; it grows fine cotton but not wheat as in the rest of the BML There are about 2,000 acres of water-logged land, which only needs an inexpensive . cut to give a handsoille revenue. This I will try and arrange for. 6. ·Mundvipura is so far away and the cultivators are so wretched that 1 would recall my prev\ous opinion and leave its assessment unrevised. The village tank i~ noW' being eXCJ!.,ated at the expense of local funds. Prior to that the j1eople had left it in, a body • :' _ .. 7: A point tkt' ha~"not been noticed in the Survey Reporo is the great contrast between th,cseKMlsa'villages and the Tl1lukdari villages that surround tho!l1. 'rhe. Tl1lukdars a~e s1:lch grasping and bad l!lndlords that ~ great deal of theIr Innd IS waste,. while 1ll the ,Government, VIllages there IS· hardly any culti vable waste to he found. This of itself is a proof of the moderateness of the . exi8ting assessment and the ex~llent results which' follow the sub-division of the laud into numbers. Another point is this: A very large proportion of the soil has been taken . lip by Bunyas, Borahs, and other non-resident land lords, who sublet the fand 911 the bhlig-battai system, taking one-half to three fifths of the crop. This is another argument against under-assessing the land, 60 as the profits will not go to the cultivators but to the middlemen. The pa.qt - .. 1UIS been one of the worst seasons as regards rainfall that this generation has known. Yet the cotton crop is decidedly fair and the wheat crop, though a poor one, will be certainly remunerative. 8. On the whole I would deferentially ask leave to substitute the following recommendations for those contained in my first letter :-- , Rat.ea DOW' Ra.tea noW' I Village. Prell8Dt rate •. ,,!,rorx'""d by tropoood by r.li.,rnaudez. t e Collector. Re. a. R.. a. Ra. a. Dbandhnka ... 4 0 4. 8. 5 8 Ranpur .. . 2 0 3 ,0 3 0 Bhadiad ...... 2 0 2 4 3 0 Sodhi ... 1 12 2 4 2 12 Ramial" ...... 1 12 2 0 8 A'nandpur ~ ... } 2 A'mbli ." ... Valida ...... 1 12 2 0 2 4 Sela ... } KamataIav ... 1 12 2 0 2 0 Goghla ...... } Mandvipura 1 4- 1 4 1 4 Aniyali Kathini ... 1 12 2 8 The last. named village is situated half way between two railway stations. 9. I forward separately petitions received from Dhandhuka Kasba, Ranpur, Sodhi, Bhadi3.d, and Kamiala against the· revised rates. The last two are evidently counterblasts to the petitions by the Girassias for an increase, which I also enclose. The only objection which I need notice is one from Dhandhuka Kasba that ,the land is deteriorating owing to the diversion ofthe waters of the Hhadar into the northern branch-a statement that I consider likely to be true all along the BMdar down to Khun. The Ranpur petition states that the price of cotton has gone down since 1864-65, which liD doubt is correct, but the culti vators had the full benefit of high prices while they lasted. The Sodhi petition complains of the pov:erty and saltness of the soil, which is a matter for the classers. .. . .I have the honour to be, Sir, • Your most obedient Servant, H. E. M. JAMES, Collettor. 61 No 420 or 1889. , FROM ,.. 'rB£ HONOURABLE T. H. STEWART, Survey and Settlement C~mmissioner; •• To TBE CHIEF SECRETARY TO GOVERNMENT, Revenue Department. Poona, 23rd February 1889. 'SIR, As the prescribed period for receiving petitions against the proposed stand ard of revised assessment has elapsed, and as suoh petitions have been duly received with the Collector's Nos. C"R. and 363, dated respectively the 4th and 8th instant, I have the honour to submit the entire oorrespondence relating to the revision settlement of the Ichalsa villages of the Dhandhuka Taluka. of the Ahmedabad Distriot. 2. '],h6 report of the Deputy Superintendent bears the signature of lII,r. T. R. FernandAz, but the plan of settlemGDt and the majority of the details were arranged by Mr. A. S. Bulkley, hill predeoessor, who has given to this settle ment the experience of 33 years. in the Survey and Settlement ,Department of. Oujarat. The proposals were submitted demi-offioially in the first instanoe to , Mr. O. B. Reid, then CollecLor of Ahmedabad, and were only matured after that experienced officer had expressed his approval of them. They have reaohed me in the ordinary course through Mr. H. !!J. M. James, the present Collector, whose opinion that the rates are pitched too low in the- majority of the villages will be found in his forwarding letters Nos. 36 and 46 of 7th January and 4th February 188£ respectively. ' 3. When the survey settlement of the Dhandhuka Taluka was first under taken by 11k A. Rogers In 1857 the liAdlsa villages and TliJukdari villages under Hd18a management numbered 29. Of these,' however, only 12 kMlsa villages remain for revision settlement., while one village (Anum Kathini) which has recently become khO.l~a is added to the list and has survey rate~ applied for ~he first time. The only difficulty which attends this revision arises from the I!cattered position of the villages which the accompanying map will at once i11ustrate. '1'his difficulty is one whioh presents itself to the classers in the first place who have to pass from village to village with different soils and sub-soils and maintain a oorrect relative standard throughout, lind ocours a second time when, the Settlement_Offi~er is seeking to fix a correct relative standard of rating for ~ach isolated village or cluster of villages. Beyond this the revision settle ment of the khdua, villages of Dhandhuka is a comparatively simple operation. V,ndel' the, ne"l systelll of sub-soil water classification we are freed from the manifold 'complication" btwell-essessment in Gujarat. We have in this settlement IlO rice land for which intricate rates have to he fixed. We scaroely touch the vexed question of ",bMta:' assessment and our efforts are directed to revise the assessment of dry.-crop mnd pure and simple. • 110 I • ..'" • ~' • • • 4. A few remarks are necessary in limine regarding the orginal snrvey settle ment of these villages. The sl!1tem previously in force was that of" Bhagbatlii " or divisidn of .produoe withl'Ds Mr. Rogers remarks," perhaps a larger share than usual of the.·domplieatiol.ls of that system." Weare told that the Govern ment share in .DhanUhuka was on~-half of the produce, in Kamiala and A'nandpur five-ninths, jn Gogilf. 'oDe~half, aud in Sodhi and Bhadiad three-fifths, or in other words that Gov;ernlllent in thos~ days levied a share of the produce which superior B 941-16 -." . 62 • holders in the Deccan and elsewhere eustom~rily levy as a full rent and which not unfrequently: is something more tha.u a rent trenolliug on the WJg~3 of Ia.bour and the profits of capital. S. It is scarcely to be wondered' at, therefore, that tho results of this system 'were generally disastrous and that Mr. Hogers found one of the villag<'s which had been thus a~sessed reduced" to a collection of tun..bled-dolVn hovels .. ' -and some of the Blu~1 villages" scantily popul/tted Qnd miserable." It WQS to remedy the results of this excessivA and capricious demand that MI', Uog('!'s set 'to work, and in that spirit with which the early l::iettlement Officel's WCl'e imbued. greatly reduced the assessments so as to tempt colonization and cultivation and to promote confidence in the liberal intentions of the survey. Tho rates for the Dbandhnka villages throughout were admittedly based IIpon tbose which had been introduced into the neighbouring t~luka of Dholka in 1856.5i, and which were nltimately sanctioned by Government and gUnl'anteed for tho usual period in 1858. 'fhe proposals for Dhandbuka were at first sanctioned by Government experimentally in 1858, lind up to 1860 Mr. Rogers re c()mmeuded that they should still remain in that stage, b~lieving that until prices, which were' then rapidly rising, had settled down to their natural level, it would be difficult to ensure an equitable settlemebt and to give the usual guarantee. In the same year, however, Mr. Mansfield, then Revenue Commis sioner, N. D., commenting on Mr. Roger's proposals considered that the reduc tion of revenue which had been caused by their adoption in certaiu villages was excessive 'and recommended that .. as no guarantee had been given and the rates bad heen sanctioned experimentally" the standard of rating ~hould be con.iderably increased. On the 1st, Augnst 1862 Gov('rnment in their' Rt'solution No. 2954 reft'rred the subject to MI'. Ellis, who had sllcceeried Mr. MansfiEJid as Revenue Commissioner. and after some discussion with Colonel Prescott, tben Supel'in ,endent of tbe Gujarat.survey. it was arranged that five of the villa)!es now unuer revision settlement should have their maximum rates increased as. f,,!lows :- Village. DbaDdhuka ... Raurur ...... KamiaI ...... A:nandpur ... _. Sodhi ...... 1 Bhadiad. I 4, KamataIa., But as regaras seven of tbe villages noted a Valid.. S SeJ... in ~he margiu which also come ill the present 3 A'wbJi. . .6 lToghla. revision propos;tls MI.". Elli~ recommended no 7 MandVlpura. , change in Mr. Roger!!' experimental scheme of rating, distinctly stating that tbose villagas were" 8uffici9utly as'>tl~30d a8 they are." '-I . I 6. Such are briefly the circumstances which 'led up'to the rates 118 we find th('m in the twelve villages now to be revised. 'fhere is' DO douut tbat the rates 'a8 originally proposed by Mr. Rogers in 1857 were low and th:tt tbe revenue suffered considerably, yet I do not think they were-, otherwise than consistent r--~it.h the spirit of cODtemporarl\,seltlements and tLe avo'lted objcct~ I'lf the ~a.rly , Settlement Officers. :Mr. Rogl'l's, who was a most ca'I'eful ind e"perlenced otHcer, found that except in a few cboice villages tho Tesults:,of the .,Blul.ghutiii system bad been the discouragement of cultiva.tioD and th(;j desertidn of the I~n.£l. He '1ery properly .~id not allow him;;elf to be dazzled by tho large returns of revenue t, realized by that system in the year preceding hIs 8ctt.lemt'nt. Although the tendency of prices was distinctly encourllging when he forrn4l1at,ed J,i~ proposals, ,the E'xl'eriencesofthetenyesl's previous were exceedingly puzzln ~ aUlI thoroughly justified the caution .with which he approached the ealj-Jct. '1' .. e eltJnaiaoof 63 cultivation and the pl\'motion of confidence were the main objects to be at';ained by the sut"Vey, and if a >;omewhat lavish lowering ·of rat.es was con~idered neces. ~ary to obtain the first objel't, it would cel'taiuly not have conduced to the attain ment of the second if tuose villages only which bad been bt'ollght fully nnder the plough notwithstanding the many disadvant~ges they had had to fight against- . Ilad been there. alld then singled out and fully asst'ssecl. To understand Mr. Rogers' proceedings,· the critic must realize the position of aff,.i,·s in 1856-57 and mllrk the oscillations of prices as recorded in Appendix J to )11', Fernandez's report. . Iu that very year thare was a marked fall in the price of wht'at in Dhandhuka which uas been verified but for which no reason can. be as~igned. '1'hat MI'. RoO'ers in 18tiO, even after a furtJler rise in the price of cotton, should have hesitated to recommena his experimental rates for finnl sanctioq.shows that he was alive to the possibilitie~ of the future and was only aWlliling some indiSJa. tion tbat the imp"ovcment in prices could be looked on as durable to provf>stl increased 8ssessm"nts •.' 'fhnt iu 1862-63 )\11-. Ellis aDd Colonel Prescott, with priccs at 8 range.completely Ilnprect'dented, r .. fu; 7. With these few remarks I will proceed to consider the present revision proposals. The preliminary operations necessary were carried out. on the system ndopted for the Dholka Ttiluka. Be-measurement was partial lind only in the vilbge ofAuyali Kathini, in· which the original meaqnremeut was made by the 'I't.lukdtl.ri survey, was any great change .. ifected. Only 13 per cent. of the original survey numbers in the other villages have been subjected to re I1lcasurement of any kiud, 8. Re-clnssification has bt'en also partial. 'rhere was an idea whioh pervades the early settlement correspondence that the c1a~sification of the Dhandhuka villagps was generally very 101'1', but it is di1ficult to nnderstand thA grounds upon whicb tuis generlll idea ",as based. Mr. Rogers refers to the classi6cation of three villages set,tled by him in 1857, viz., Khus, Buggud and De.vgunna, as .. faulty and far too 101V "; but tbese villages are not among those now for revision and he does not extend his ohjection~ tl> the valuation in other villages (para. 10 of his lett!'r No. 71 of 2.ith March. 1860). Mr. Mansfield, in para. 15 of bis melllo. No. 1933 of 31st August 1860, alludes to a conversation he had with Mr. Rogers ill which that officer informed him that the standard in Khus and two 01' thrE'e villHges was" too low." It is doubtful whether any of the villAges referred to are incl\lded in the present revision proposal~. It was left to Colond Prescott ill Jnnuary 1863 to make II remark that "avery low stand'lrd of c1assillcation" lIrcvailed in Dhandhuka generally, but there does not seem to bave been any detailed Wilt taken to establish the accuracy of t his statement. ,~' ...... • ...... I, --l 9. '1'ho revi~ioti classification which was carried out undet' Mr. A. B. Ffordtt '\n~ ,~ost carefully'supervised by Mr. Bulkley himself does not show that the orlglll~ values were ,too low gellerally. To the -village of Sodhi only_, docs the charge Qf !.ptal uncier-valuation apply, and in that village and in II pa.rt of Bhadiad tlte w?rk 'flit 'entirely re-dollo. Iu Ranplll' the soil values were found to be sllfliclently high as,a rule, while iu Knmiala Imd Anulldpur they were a !.rille too high judged. by tho prfsent stalldard. Elsewhere the classi.· 6cation wa~ Im·gel ..... connrme", adjustments being ruade bere and there in the direct.illll of slig.ht increustl. lrrthe villages of Dhand]'uka, R"llpue alld Anyali KiI1.hioi, in willeh "Ioua w.l,ter sweet enollgh for irri.l!'atiqn is ll\'"ilalJle neal' the surface, tho anna Vl\lullt.ion of. this faciltty bas somolVhat raised the general soil olassification. • . The ~v~rage result of the revision classification in the several VillAgeS is " . A p. show ... in the mArgin. The returns indicate that the ADlbli P' 8 4 soil of Bhadiad is the best for general productive caps- Anyoili Klitbini ••• II 9 bility bllt it is altogether unassisted by the advant.age A;~an,dpur .,.( .. , 10 1 of usable sub-soH water. while H:lnpUl" is the most Kamat.. h,v 7 0 f t f Rami'l.. .•• 10 5 avoure d VI'11 a~e In. t h e mat er 0 POSSI'b'l' I Ity 0 f we II -, Goghl. 11 5 irrigation. For both cRpabilities combined the Boil of llbadi"!l... 12 2 c .• Dhandhuka shows' a'; slight superiority which fully lIf~ndvlpu"" 5 9, bears out the local opinion on the subject. It will be ~h:~dbuk~" g ~ seen from the ahove remarks that the low standard of Vali.l" 8 4 rating of th original settlement bas not bef'n assisted 80 Sodhi 12 0 mnch as was believed to be the case by a very low all- S.la 9 lJ round standard of classification. Nevertheless in all the tvi1lages, and pre-eminently in those which were left at :Mr: Rogers' scale of rating, it hfls reaJiz~d the fullest expectations of the Settlement Officers lind has led to the assumption for cultivation of lin immense area of waste lind a great I improvement in the conditions of agriculture. • . ' 10. Among the pictures of progress which the history of the expired settle- ment illustrates, the following table is most striking, showing as it does the increase of cultivation and revenue in the seven villages wbich were in such a poor coedi tioti that even the :i!ettlement Officers of 1862 did not ddre to interfere with Mr. Rogers' rating:- I , ABEA IN OCCUPA.NCY. BIiALlZATlO.NS. Village. IncreMe Increnae In firat year I In last ye&r per cent. In first tear In la.t tear per cent. of survey lease, of 8urvey lease, . ohufvey eue, of cur,·ey eye, 1857,as, 1887-88•. 1807-58. 1887,88, . • f 2 3 4 Ii 6 7 'Acres. Acres. Ra. R8. Valida ...... 217 1,778 719'35 216 1,414 555' Ambli ••• ... 781 3,769 ' 382'59 824 3,122 278'88 K6.matalav ...... 153 1,176 668'63 175 916 42:3'+3 Bela ...... 143 586 309'09 167 624 I 273'65 . Goghl .. ••• ... 1,246 2,073 66'37 1,670 2,615 06'58 Bhadiad ...... 3,125 5,251 68'03 • 3,909 5,997 53'42 237'04 M{.udvipllr.. .. ' 453 ,],866 8U'92 2+3 819 10. In the remaining 5 villages in which Mr. Ellis felt justified in propos ing increases, there was not so much room for spread of cultivation except in Sodhi, a village with good 'soils but 1\ great quantity of waste, the maximum rate of which was raised by 4 annas. In this village no less than 3,669 acres have been' brought under the plough within the settlement period, while the rE'aliza tions of revenue have risen from Rs. 2,589 in 1863.64 to Rs. 6,087 in 1887-88. 11. Mr. Fernandez has given a clear description of these villages, their climate, resources, facilities for disposal of produce and tbeir many requirements which. must be carefully looked to and.supplied before Gove.1'l!metit 'CRn expect to reahze the full revenue which the land should pay.·. Many lmprovements have been effected during the period of the expired settlement. The Bhavnagar Gondal Railway intersects a few villages on,the west of the htluka with a station at Ranpur, one of the villages now- for "revision, while' an excellent metalled road connects the railway with the irIip'bftant town. of Dhandhuka which, owing to its position with regard to Dhclera Bandar, the Ahmedabad and Gogha road and finally the railway, must remain for a long time the focus and centre of trade in this part of the Ahmedabad District. A recently constructed bridge over the river Bhogawa '. between Phedra and Lolia on the Ahmedabad and Dholera road t'id :Qholka bas made a fresh opening for traffic, while parts of the A)lmedabad and Gogha road have !lecn great improvements siDce the early Illlrvey. Nevertheless much remains to be done for'these villages. Chief of all 65 • is the imp~ovement and preservation from entire falling into disuse of the porll of Dholera to which the cotton of the district now finds it way and hom whence it ill shipped to Bombay. This very necessary work'and the provision. of a goo~ road from Dhandhuka to Dholera have already attracted the attentIOn of the Joe«l authorities. Another disadvantage from which the Bhal villages Buffer is , the danger of ,water.logging, .which can only be obviat,ed by ar~ificial control of the drainage 'pf the Bhadur river the low banks of whICh permit the flood waters to spread over the country whiclt it traverses. Finally the provision of tanks in those villages in the Bbal, the subsoil water of which is undrinkable and which d~pend for sweet water on storage of rainfall, would add greatly to their ameni· ties and not only mak!! the lot of the culti vators mor.e bO(lrable but theil' prospects more cert.ain. -In one village now under revision (Mandvipura) the lack of drinking water in the presen,t season has resulted in the temporary dispersion ()f the population. - ' 12. Moderate as I consider the rates have been in Dhandhnka Kasbo and Iltill more moderllte in the other villages to be revised, it must be admitted that the cultivators have 'ijot held their ground as firmly as might have beel!:.. expeoted againat the ad vanoes of tbe. capitalist classes. Tbe. tendency for land to fall into the bands of the Wa,nias has been most conspicuous in Dbandhuka Rasbo the lands of which are most strictly assessed. This circumstance is pro- - bably to be accounted for by the constant presence in that town for years past of a large amount of capital seeking investment lind readily granted on the security of land. The Borahs who form the main body of the cultivators incur red debts in the pre-survey days when hard pressure -for the realization of an exorbitllnt demand left them powerless to primde.against the adverse contingen oies of agriculture. During the American civil war, when the prices of ~tton and wheat reached a famine level, and the Borabs might have easily paid off their debts, they did not do so ; but intoxicated by increasing prosperity to whioh they could see no end, they launched into. extravagance, increased their load of debt, and when the turn of the tide came and prices fell, and with them the profit-s 9f cultivati~n, they found themselves ~lUable to pay the interest ?f their debts, and after the usual struggle were deprived of the occupancY' of thell·land~~._, Tbus the story of th" Kbandesh cultivators is repeated in Dbandhuka, and we oan only hope that the bitter lesson learnt may bear fruit in future economy-_ and thrift. The Modh Wania in Dbandhuka, like his counterpart the Jl.Ia.rwari of the Deccan, is neither by caste nor seutiment naturally imbued with a desire to acquire the occuPllncy of land, buf having once drifted into the position by the default of bis deb1JJrs ~nd having felt the sweets of landlordship, he has acquired the hunger for land__ wbich has seized on the capitalist classes _in all-, oivilized count,ries at some period of their history, and it i~ unlikely that this bunger will be quenched as .long as the land is occupied by au ignorant and uneducated peasantry. b the meantime we must beal! in mind that we have in DhandilUka, Ranpur, and other vnJages a tottering class of hardwOI1ting and industrious cultivators who are now thoroughly awake to their own unthrift and the causes of theil' dopression and to whom th6 moderate land. tax whioh our system compels us to fix: as the revenuo demand may afford the • means of emerging from the net which the mouey-lender' has thrown around ~~. ,- ~ , . 13. In vill~ges· situated like those to the east of this Mluks where the subsoil w~t.r is g~nerally salt or brackish, the tendenoy of the soils to deteriorate from" kbar" or saline deposit is very marked. Mr. James seems to think that this importllnt subject has escaped the attention of this Department, but if such were the cnse it would reflect most discreditably upon it. It is probably the absence of special reference tl) .. khar" in this report that has led MI'. James to entertain the suspicion•• 1'ho determination of the question as to how far the Boils are injured by" khat" is ot course primarily the duty of the classers of the Department whose standard is guided imd tested b,v the Assistant Superin tendent, but the rules under which tbe valuation of lands in Gujarat has been carried out specially presoribe tbe allowance of one fault or a multiplioation of faults, reduoing the classification aacording as the land is more or I~ss impreg- 118t.ed. Tbe subject has specially come forward in the'current revision survey and has formed the subject of much discussion. If.you will refer to th6 Deputy Superiutendent's sottlement proposals for the Dholka 'l':Uuka, tbe only sub-division ,in Gujartlt which has up to the preiient time been revised, you will find (para graph 52) 'that one of the chief reasons for reducing one village from a higher .9,101-17 ' 66 to a lower assessment circle was .. the development of kh&r in the Boil ,owing to water-logging." If you will turd to paragraph 54. of the same report you' will find that in another case tha same reason was quoted for rating another -tillage on a low standard. In the Dhandhuka villages, moreover, the operation of re-classification was preceded by the publishing of .. notification in tbe form presoribed under paragraph 4 of Government Resolution No. 7447 of 2let Ootober 1886, calling on tbe cultivators, .. whilst the classing process ",al going on, to 'bring to the notioe of the Assistant Superintendent of Survey in charge of the party of classers any speoial circumstances bearing on the value of their lands and failing due consideration from that officer to appeal to the Superintendent of Survey." I underdtand from enquiries I have made that tbis invitation waa taken advantage of to a great extent, and the Borah oultivators of the Kasbo during my irecent visit to the town spoke with gratitude of the trouble Mr. Bulkley had personally taken to visit the fields in which the presence of .. khar" had made itself known. Finally Mr. Bulkley, in deciding to confirm or adjust or re-do the old classification in certain tracts wbere khar had made headway or where there was danger of gradual deterioration, made allowance for the probability of the value of tbe land being diminished by this destructive agency before declaring the classifioation too low. I 14. The proposals for the revision of the twelve villages and the original settlement of Anyali Kathini will be found explained in paragraphs 87 to.43 of the report, I may assure Government that there was no special manipnlation of thesA proposals in order to bring the enhanoement of assessment wiLhin the 33 per cent. limit, as Mr. James suggests, but the standard of rating, of whioh Mr. Bulkley originally sent me a sketch plan,. was believed by us both to be gener&lly suitable" and it was an additional matter of congratulation to us that this object could be attained without asking Government to witbdraw in the least degree from the liberal engagement which it bas made with the cultivators to secure their confidence and to attract capital to the land. 15. Government will observe that the Collector, Mr. James, in paragraph 7 of his No. 36 of 7th January oharaoterizes the rates as "too low" and' has in the satJe paragrap4 given his ideas of what the rating in the several villages should be, slightly modifying his proposals in paragraph 8 of his subsequent remarks No. <;':',of 4th February 1889 with regard to four villages. But a mere , peroentage increase of the standard maximum rates gives no correot indioation f)f what the general result will be in villages like these where the classification has undergone alteration and·modifioation and where thy substitution of a sub· • soil water assessment for bagayat assessment has in some oases produoed a considerable adjustment of the dry-crop rates. The table givl'n bAlow will show that Mr. James' caloulations of tbe inorease resulting from his proposals are very wide of the mark. I had the actual figdres of increase worked out when I visited the -'Deputy Superintendent's Camp in tbe Ah!IJedabad District last month, but have had no opportunity sinoe of altering those of four villages acoording to the slight modification in the Collflotor's subsequent letter:- True in- / Percentage increan ...... Rates Increue 88 wbich reluiting Rates estimated would ... Ori~ proposed from the prop"eed Village. • m&lUUJum b~ lJepDty by the eolt from Remark •• Deputy by the Collector be Collect- . 1'8otes. upE"nn- Superin.. Collector. t.end... ,. lper cento) or. propoo- tendent'. ala (per propoaals. con.). Rs. a. Ra. a. Ra. a. Dhandhuka ...... 0 4 8 29 6 8 37 57 Sodhi ... ••• 2 0 2 4 68 3 0 , 50 111 ~ Bha<1i6.d ... "2 0 2 4 ..47 3 5 75 117 ... .~= Kamiala ...... 1 12 2 0 19 2 8 42 49 00.s 1 12 0 15 2 8 42 44 A'nandpur-...... 2 ."".ECI Valida ...... 1 12 2 ··0 31 2 4. 28 47 .-a g- A'mbli ...... 1 12 2-0 25 2 4 28 41 co." K6.oatalav ...... 1 12 2 0 11 2 4 28 25 .,~ 28 28 . § CI.2 Sela ...... 112 2 0 14 2 4 :3 1 12 2 0 12 2 4 28 26 <> Goghla ...... , f Mandapllra ...... 1 4 1 4 3 1 8 20 23 ro.. Anyali :g;athini ...... I 12 48 2 8 42 III .X7'l3.'23/SI DHA B9 10145 67 . The above will show how greatly the proposed muimum rates areaft'ected .• by the ups and doWDs of .the classification and how necessary it is for the officer proposing the rates·t. be well acquainted with the tendency thereof. The increases resulting from' 'Mr. James' proposals in Sodhi, in which the classification was entirely re·dpne, and in Bhadiad, in which it was partly re.done, are enormous, while in other villages the effects of his increased maximum rates are sobered down or modified by the confirmation of the old valuation and ~D some cases by its, slight reduction.' I 16. I have said that 1 consider the rates proposed by the Deputy Super inten?ent t~ be generally suitaQle, and I will pr~ceed ~o give my r~asons. Com mencmg With Dhandhuka Rasbo, the best vlllage In the ta.lula for gene~l position and advantages, it will be seen that the existing rate was settled by Mr. Ellis and Colonel j?rescott at a time when its available arable area was fully occupied, when prices werll' at about the highest level they have ever reached, and, when there was no conceivable reason for undue leniency on their part. The rating of this yillage was fixed by officers fresh from the settlement of the rich "oils of Kaira in which all the hvish liberality of the early Settlement Officers had been laid aside and in which rates had been applied in accordance with advanced settlement experience and in due relation to the high and increasing values of produce. We are assured in the correspondenoe which took place at that period that the'village of Dhandhuka was exceptionally treated in having its rates fixed in consideration. of the high prices then existing•. .colonel Prescott does not inform us what was the exact range of prices whioh he adopted as .. present prices" for the rating of this village, but the whole. tenor of his 'report shows that he did not expeot any .material fall in the value of produce. Considering thM; .Rs. 8.12 had been the maximum rate adopted by the same officer in 1863 for the rich villages at the gates of Ahmedabad, I think that whatever .were his. views with regard to the other scattered villages it was not his iiltentipn to let Dhandhuka. Kasho off too cheap. He. had at first proposed Rs. 4-4-0 as .the maximum rat,e but finally approved the suggestion that it would be safer to fix it at Rs. 4. Both officers were under the impression that the valuation of the land was lower than it has turned out to be, and Mr. Ellis quoted that fact as a reason why the rate of Rs. 4 would be "by no means too high"(vide para. 6 of his letter No. 409 of 13th February 1863). It is now proposed to increase the rate on revision toiRs.4.8, and this is, I. think, a suffioient measure of increase to mark the close of a settlement period whioh has beeu distinguished by many substantial improvements but whioh at the same time has 'witnessed the gradual decline of Dhol~ra as a port foi' the shipment of produci. Without knowing exactly the range of prices on which the Rs. 4 rate was fixed, we are bound to be exceedingly cautious in enhancing it, and I think a rise of 8 annas is as much as can be justified at present. 'l'he rate of Rs; 4-8 . is one wlUch was applied to gt'oups of villages in the northern Mlukas of Broach, on the other side of the Gulf of Cambay, some years later when high prices had beoome finally settled and which was considered suitable to far better situa.ted villages from which cotton is carried to Bombay in 24 hours from oonvenient railway stations instead of being carted to Dhollera, there to' undergo the usual delays and difficulties until it oan be shipped to Bombay by country boats depending for despatch on wind and tide. I have never heard it said that assessments in Broach were otherwise than strictly al!d exactly imposed .• . 17 .. It is never easy in oarrying out settlements in India to make any reliable est!ma~ of the gross yield of the land of a vilkige in any given year, and far less to estlmatethemoneyvalueoftheorops in an average yearuponwhioh our assess. ments, if properly fixed, should oonstitute a moderate rent charge. The Bhag. batai system which prevailed in Dhandhuka. Kasbo in 1856.57, the year preceding Mr. Rogel'S' settlement, affords one way, though a somewhat rough way, of gauging '~he propriety of the present revision proposals. We know that the revenue of this village in 1856.57 was Rs, 27,769 and thllt this was the estimated money value at prices then current of half the gross produce of the arable land of the village after deduoting fro\ll the whole crop sma.l1 perquisites of weighment, &c. From this we may rouphly estimate ,that the ;value of the whole crop was estimated at about Ra. 60,000. 7'he area of cultivation remllins about the same, but tbe average of prices of wheat and cotton have riseu in the last decade to a raDge quite so ~rcent. 68 bigherthanthey are recorded to have been in 1855.56 (rUe Appendix J). U to allow for rough measurements and aU other defects at the earlier date we put the average value of a year's crop in Dhandhuka Kasbo at present prices at about Rs. 1,00,000 or even more, I mlt.intaill that the demand now fixed 011 re vision, or·Rs. 24,894, is by no means too low •. Before tmy portion of the value of the gross "produce becomes available for rent and liable to be taxed, it is essential that the maintenance of the cultivator and the working members of his "family, the wages of the agricultural labourers he employs, the wear and tear of cattle and stock and all attendant expenses of cultivation should be deduot·ed from it; and as in this oountry we have to deal directly with small holders, no eettlement can be just and proper unless it leaves the occupant an appreciable surplus to encourag~ him to improve his land to meet any rise in the price of necessaries be has to import and to march with the times in the matter of standard of comfort. Moreover, if sanitation is to ~ enforced in agricultural villages, if we expect the cultivators to ba.ve air and ventilation it:! their dwellings instead of a vitiated atmosphere, and if unsanitary oonditibns 'are to be banished from the neighbonrhood of their villages, we have,no landlord class in this country upon whom we can impose responsibility, but we must depend on the cultivators themselves and must see that their resources are not too much crippled by the payment in the first instance of an undnl;y: high Government demand. 18. The effect oftheproposed revision assessments in Dhandhnka will be to lay an average assessment per acre of Rs. 3·7-9 on the 7,158 acres now under occupation. 'Within tbe last decade I find that five experiments only have been made by Assi,stant and' Deputy Collectors on crops unaided by irrigation, with the results recorded in the Appendix. These experiments, thongh too few to be really useful, enphasize the necessity of cantion. Notwithstanding the great value of ~uch crops as cotton and Wheat, sea~ons are so variable and prices so fluctuating, that some of the most experienced native revenue officials in Gnjar:1t hesitate to put the average value of an average crop of an acre of good land sown with those crops at more than Rs. 20, while others put it even lower. \ Colonel Prescott in 1863 said, .. The position of Dhandhuka is so peculiar and the seasons so uncertain that in proposing a fixed assessment a very large margin must necessarily be left for contingencies." We know that the current season's crop was only saved in the Ahmedabad District by the happy occurrence . of a cyclone accompanied by rain in November, Since then danger to the ~ , crops by insects has- been specially reported from V,de Governm.nt Ga ••lte, 'Dhandhnka. and all such agricultural illil our settle. pag,57, Part III, of 1&89. ' ments must be preparlld to me~t. 19. I. have Qwelt at some length on the proposals for Dhandhuka Kasbo because they give \h~ key-note in revision, as they did in the original settle ment, to the rating of the other villages. Ranpur is the village of next import ance in this revision, but the Collector and the Deputy SlIperintendent ~re in unison in their recommendations. The village can well bear a maxilllUm rate of Rs. 3 which produce!! a total increase of assessment equal to 56! pt'f cent. rhe Borah cultivators of Rltnpur are industrious and skilful. There seems to be an impression abroad that the soils of Ranpur are stony, but in reality they have little of that defect, as I satisfied myself by personal inspection, and they have the rare 'RdvBntage in these parts 0( sweet water near· the surface which can be made available for irrigation by "kneha" as well as "paka" wells. ., • 20. In .the remaining villages now' for revision, which Bre situated more or less in the tract known as the" Bhltl," I acquiesce in the rates recommended . by the Deputy Superintendent. In the two chief villages, Sodhi and Bhadilid, in which re-classification was most largely carried out, the enhancements come to 58! and 47t pel' cent. respectively, while in the others the increases varyaccord ing to the amount of correction whic'h the old classification required. I consi~er larger increaRes in these viJIagel would be ill-timed at present for the folloWJDg reaSODS. First, these villages are exposed to all the disadvantages comm;on to the BMI tract, the remedying of which Mr. Reid. the laoo Collector, conSidered to he a , ..s 6 02 i • I .0 I~: . -S H ~ "'J !i- ~ I 1103 "O~ • I !. til .~ r}j '!j lItS .::; ~ ~1 Village. P ~. 11'" 1;,' IB-periment by whom -1 No. 622 CfJ 1889. FROM O. F. SHEPPARD, ESQUIlUI:. Commissioner, N. D. i To JOHN NUGENT~ ESQUIRE, Chief Secretary to Government, Revenue Department. Bombay. Sural Districea, Camp Tithal. 6th March 1889. ~~ . I have. the honor to submit ·the accompanyinlJ' corresponden~e relatinlJ' to the revision of assessment in 12 villages of the Dhandhuka Taluka. Th~ remaining villages are Talukdari and tile revision of their jama will follow the orde.rs ofGovernment. . 2. The Colleetor's remarks have been closely criticized by the Survey Commissioner, but the former officer cannot be blamed for not having estimatcq correctly the results of his suggeA'tions. .Even with the explanation given, it is difficult to understand Mr. Stewart's figures; but it is a matter for congratulation that the subject has received attention, as it is now clear that very serious errors (apparently bebween 50 and 60 per cent.) occurred in the former classi ficationof certain of these villages. It is impossible to ascertain what proportion of the proposed increase is due to the rectification of such errors and what to the new rates, and I think that in future reports this should be worked out and explained.. The maximum rates are no longer allY sort of guide to the new assess!llent~ which depends in. great measure upon t~e revised cla$~ification, and the discretion as eo mcreaae IS thus severely handicapped. It IS now found that the cultivators have, in. certain cases, been paying, for the last 30 years, less than they would have been required to do had the originol classification been more correct, and it is hardly reasonable that such deficit should be taken into account in working up to the new limit. The result apparently is 'that specially low rates have to be placed on lands, the classification of which is railled, and I cannot admit tha.t this principle is fair, either to Government or to the oecupants of sin,ilar lands. I think that the orders of 188.& were based on the assumption that cprrect classification could now be deppnded on, and it would therefore he in accordance with the spirit of those orders if increase arising from corrected classification were deducted from the limit thereby imposed. 3. With regard to these 'orders I would respectfully observe that I have. already regretted the departure therein made from the old principles of the Survey . in this Presidency, which; as far as I have understood them, required that assessments should be regulated bY' the merits of each case and by the value of the land as shown by th/extenslon of cultivation, &c., or as Colonel Prescott put it in these papers, "a standard which thelosition of each ~iIlage as regards markets and olltports seems to warrant an with due regard to its rt:venue paying capabilities." I take leave to express my doubts whether the growing tendenOf' to impose additionol burdens on the Local Funds was sufficiently kept in view, whim these orders were passed. ll. The Survey Commissioner in his 14th paragraph, observes that the Collector is wrong in suggesting that the present· proposals were framed .. in order to bring the enhancement of assessment within the 83 per cent. limit" ; but I cannot quite reconcile this with his remark in paragraph 25 that " the rates were aimed so as. to be within the prescribed limit.". Without straining this limit, however, I think that for the following reasons these proposals may be l'egarded as special ones • . . 5. f I do not think it is right to assume. (as the Survey Commissioner h~ in his 16th paragraph) that the rates of .1t!6S were in all casel\ fixed on theIr merits. Mr. Stewart observes that there was .. no oonceivable reason for undue 73 leniency." But this is noh the view I take of the former correspondence. I think it is not unreasonable to suppose that Mr. Ellis and Colonel Prescott felt their hands in some measure tied by the excessively low rates imposed, a few years previously, and that they may have been unwilling to propose too large a'nd too 8Ud(len enhanoements. And it will be observed that the settling'offh,ers.were influenced by the case of Dholka. Colonel Prescott writes: .. Government must be prepared to sustain a certain loss for any settlement now to be made in Dhandhuka, simply because if the assessment is at once raised, as it might be, it will place the rayahs of Dhandhuka in a worse position than those of the adjoining taluka :" and Mr. EJ1is .. ~n proposing a Rs. " rate for the kasba town, observes: .. I believe Captain Prescott's reasons for advocating & rat?! of Rs. 44-0 • were 80Una;,~ The whole tone of the correspondence leaves no doubt in my own mind that the settlement was regarded as an exceedingly moderate one. I believe also that the rates are lower than the Talukdriri villages of this and the adjoining talukas. • . 6. The Deputy Superintendent gives & very poor' account ~f the roads and communicatIOns in this taluka. The Survey Commissioner has given a more just description, but I am disposed to think that sufficient allowance has not b.en made for the development of the talu ka during the last, 30 years, or for the improvements about to be undertaken. The average rate of assessment in Dholka has been raised to Rs. 2-0-7 although a.lmost nothing was done for that tfiluka. during the period of the last guarantee. It is true that Dholka possesses rich batha aud rice I~nds which wo.uld naturally keep its average rate 80mewhat above tbatof Dhandbuka, but the cotton and wheat"produced by the latter are perhaps the best in the Presidency, and the means. ol communication, both by sea and land, have been greatly improved. Much has already been,done for the II Whittle" Bandar, which is far superior to the old one. The widen ing and metalling of the road to this port will shortly be commenced, and the improvement of the bandar itself is being considered by the Customs Depart ment., A made road between Dhandhuka and Dholera is also under contem plation, and. eventua)!y another r~fl.d (possibly a tramway) t~ the ~hmedabad road at Bavla. Dramage schemes are, moreover. under consideratIOn, and a very few years will probably: ~e.e material improvements in thia direction as well as in the development of facIlities for the export of produce. 7. In the case of Dholka Government compared prices with those of the period preceding the first settlement and obsArved (paragraph !)ioC the Resolution) that .. 1D the case ('If the exportable products which QCcuPy ~ore than half of the area under revision, the increMe is ov.er 100 per cent." In Dhandhuka wheat and cotton occupy 65 per .cent. of the area and the Deputy Superintendent observes: .. during the whole time of the survey the I?rices of wheat and cotton . have 011 the average ruled hie-her by 169 lind 256 per cent. respectively, than the average of the ~ years prior to it." 8. l!'or the above reMons I would recommend t~at the Irlaralltee now to be given should el llet'en!le Survey and A88e88ment: ReviBion 8eitl8ment of 12 village. and ori,qinal 8ettlement of line village of the Dhandhuka Tdluka 01 the Ahmedabad iJiBtrict: • • No. 2324. • RIIVINVB })Br.• RTMBNT• • Bombay Castle, 25th March 1889• • Letter from tbe Commissioner, N. D., No. 6~2. dated 5tb March 1889-Submilting the Letter from the Deputy Superintendent, Guj,-,"" paper. noted in the marj!in, containing Revenue Survey, No. 754. doted 8th December 1888. proposals for the revision settlement of Letter from the Volleotor of Ahmedabad, No. 36, d&E.~Z.!bh'.'::"tt? J~!;,tor of Ahmedabad, No. c.a.. 12 villages and for the origi~al settlement ol6, d8ted 4th February 1889. of one village of the Dhandhuka Taluks Letter from tbe Survey and Settlement Com· lDiaaioner, No. 420, dated 23rd Febru&ry 1880. of the Abmedabad District. Letter from the Survey and Settlement Commissioner, No. 488, dated 26tb February 1889 -Forwarding petitions frolll the rayats of the 12 villages of the Dhaodbuka r.iJoka protesting against the proposed rates. " . I fusoLUTfoN.-'l'he present proposals for the revision settlement of the Dhandhuka Tlil,lka relate to 13 Government villages only, the remaining 137 villages complised in the taluk.. being either t.alukdari or inaru. ' or these n, one village, Any~li K3.thini, originally talukdari, has recelltly lap89d to Govern ment and its original settlement has now to be made. The remaining 12, together with 10 others which have since reverted to the mana!!eruent of talukdars, were originally settled experimentally in 1857·5t! /lnd finally in 186~, in which year (30vernment in Resolution No. 656, dated 3rd March, 8ILnctioned the rllt~s now in force for a term which expired with the year 1886-87. 2. Throughont the period of the settlement under $evision thtl revenue his tory ot the taloka has b~"n tav..,urable. As regards the prosperity 01 the culLi va· tors there is sOlUe room for doubt, ana in the cStie of Dhandhuka tuwn especi.LlIy, oWlDg 1I!ainly to t.he presence' of much capital seeking investment., capitalisI8 have to 'a marked extent ousted the actu81 cultivators from their pOl!ition as occupants. But there is no room for doubt regarding the high value ot land, as indicated by statistics. and it is also clear"that commuuications have consideral5ly improved. since the original settlelllent.. Of the markets, Raupur, through which a l'ailway now passes, shows the greatest improvewent, but Dbandhuka is also reported to be highly prosperous. Dholera, lin the contrary.has lost some of its importance, tbougb it is still the principal m.. rket for the dispoBal of the produce, especially cotton, of the 'Illajority of the villallea under, report, and a made road conuticting it, with Dhandhuka is contemplatea. < 3. Revision measurement was done on the same pA.rtial system as that adopted in the C!\Se of the adjoining- taluka of Dholka. lteclassification was also partial el\cept in the village of Sodhi and a tract uf Bbadiad, where i' wa~ entirely redone. The Survey and :Settlement Commissioner poiuts out thaL I:areful attention hag! been paid to the tendency ot the soils in some •• f these villages to deteriorate from the presence of khar or salt depusit, alld that this tendency has been taken into consideration· when deciding on the suitability or otherwise uf the original standard of classification. The fact that the ori~inJtI standard was judged to be veq' unduly 100v ill only one viUage-Sodhi-is no doubt due to the allowance thus /Dade tor kb8.r .. Syb-soil water profitahle for irrigation purposes WIUI, only found in the thr~e villages vf 1>haDdhuka, !tanpur and Anyali Kathini. • 4. Some difficulties, both in classing land and in fixing assessml!nt rate., have been experienced in consequence of the 'scattered. position of thelHl villa~es ; but iu other respects their settlement is simple. They contain neitber rice.lttnd nor land irrigated by means ot the water·lifts known as Dhekudis, and alluvial (Bbata) land ill p~rmanent occupancy is only found in one village, l>handhuka, '75 lind only to the extent of 12 ac~es. The rates to be fixed are, therefore, with the exception of those for Bhil.ta land, ordinary dry-crop rates. The maximum rates proposed by the Survey and ~ettlement (Jommillsioner are compared with those now in force';" the subjoined table. An incre~e of Re. I is proposed fOf R""pur, of 8 annas for Dhandhuka, and of 4 annas for the remaining villages, except M and vi pura in which no increase is considered lIecessary.' , I Preaent mam l'roposed mo.i, Village. mum rate.. mum ra.te. Rs .... Rs. a. •• r 1. Dblmdhllka" 4! 0 4 8 . 'I 2. RanplIr ... 2 0 3 0 - 8. Sodhi ... l 4. Bhadi.d ... J 2 0 2 4 .. 5. Kamial.. ... ') I 6. A'oandpnr .•• I Villages for revision settlemen t ••• -< 7 • Valida ,., , I 8 A'mbli .:}1 Ii s 0 9: Kamitalatv,.. I 10. Shela ... , . 111. Goghla. J~, 1I2. MII.nd VlpUrs • 1.. 1 ,,' Village fOl' original settlement,.. 18. Anyali Katbini.... 1 12 5. There irs a difference of opinion as regards the suitabi1i!J ol~ these rates. Mr. Jame~, Acting Collector .)f Ahmedabad, thinks tha~ they are too low, and he \\>QuId either impose rates whicb would result in aD enhancement of the Gover~ went dem81ld lUuch in excess of the Ihnit of 33 per cent. o~. 8S 'an alternative, : would give a guarantee for five years only instead of 30, with &be oloject ofincreasiDg the I'lltes again at the expiration of that period. The Commissioner, N.' D., who apparently conctw's with Mr. James in believing the proposed rates to be low, suggests as a 'cowpr~lllise that th .. guara~tee shQuld be' given for 15 ye8fs. In the case uf a long settled district su.ch as Dhandhuka. in which there is no early prospect of any larg-e public improvements 01' other artificial causes en& hancing p~ices, the p\"posal to make a, settlement for a special short term cannot be entertained. ' ' With reference to the opiuion of the Collector as to the inadequacy of the PI'oposlld assessment the Governor in Coun~il is unllbla. to find "in the facts mainly relied upon by Mr. James an.Y ground for further enhancement of assessment beyond tile rates propoiled by tlIe Deputy ,Superintendent. In estimating the effect bf .. revision of assessment it is plainly right to regard not the pitch 01 Illaxima l'a£e8, but the general incidence of the !lew as compared wit.h the old demand, If this is dune in the present Cf\ii8 it will" be seen that the views of the Collector and th" Survey officers are not so widely divergent as would appear fromMr.J ames'letter§. In the statement contained in the Survey and Settiemellt Commissioner's paragraph 15 the increase proposed by the Survey is shown as comp/ned with that estimated by the Collector to result from his proposed higher rating. It will be seell that in the cases of five villages out of the 12 dealt with the difference in incidence of increase is very slight, the assess. ' ment prullosed by the Survey giving in three cases a higher percentage of en- hancement. , . A sixth village" Millddpura" is, it would seem, wrongly included in this statelllent. as by bis letter of 4th February the Collector expressed his concur. renc~ ill the pr~posal of thCil Survey otfieers to leave its asseaswent untouched. There remain six viJIagfS only in which there is some divergence in the yiews of the Deputy Superintendent of Survey and the Collector as to the enhancement of the revenue demand permissible on rev~ion', as tested by its . g~neral incidence. '•• His Excellency the Govemor in Council is not prepared to say that the villu~es of the eastern tract of Dhandhuka, known as the Bhlll, might not fairly be grouped as proposed by the Collector in smaller units of corn mon maximul)! mt~ with some slight advance of ftSSessment upon that proposed by th" Survey; out excc['t in the case of Bhaui.td, ill which the Survey proposes an enhance- '. '76 • ment of 471 and Mr. James one of 75 per cent., the villages are small and the amount of revenue represented by a diff~rence of SOlDe 15 per clmt. is 'but slight. The re)!ion in which they afe situated suffers from seriou8 lIatural disadvantnges. To a large extent submerged during the south-west monsoon, it. neverthelesS 8Uf'- , fers from scarcity of sweet water, and from the presence of salt in the form of .. kblj.r" its fertile lands are liable to become unculturll.ble, Its agricultural , resources are of very recent growth and it is DutOrious that it Buffered heavily during the droughts of 1876-78. It is pre· eminently a region in. which agriculture should be encouraged by light asse$sments, 'and IIilS Excollency t.he Governor in Council concurs with the conclusions of the Survey and Settleulent Commissioner that the settlements proposed for the villages of the Hhal may be left to their operation for ,a fresh term of 30 years, in order to favour the ac cumulation of capital and placs the culti\'ating population upon a secul"e I'oad to Improvement.. ' . '." 6; In deciding' whether an enhancement is justified changes in prices must as usual be one of tbe most important guides. It is impossible til Rscertain ,the exact range of prices on, which tbe present rates were based, but it is cle'ar from Captdin Prescl)tt's report of January 1863, and in particular the last sentence thereof, that the rates finally fixed in that year, both in the cases in which they wel'll higher than,' and in those in which they were the same as, the rates experimentally introduced in 1857-58, were fixed - with the one impnrtl\l1t exception of Dhandhuka Town - with 1eference not to prices which pre_ ,vailed il) 1863 Bnd a few previous years, but to tbose which prevailed before 1857-58; anll it is also stated in the early part of that report that the reason fpr Captain Ptescott's unwillingnesl't to impose rates based on the abnorillall'y hhth , prices of 1863 WM that the adoption of such' a. course would have placed thE! Dhandhuka cultivators in a rnuch worse position than those of Dholka, where rates had been imposed and gUdTt\nteedfor To The Commissioner, N. D., 1' The Collector of Ahmedabad (with the .With an intimation that petitions),·· '. .' . ~he papers are b~ing printed The S~rvey and Settlement CommlssIone:, , In the form of a Selection The DIrector of Land Records and Agn-' from the Records of Govern- culture, Iment, and that when it is ready The Public Works Department of the copies of K will be forwarded Secretariat, Jto them. The Accountant General, " , The Government DC India, '} The Secretary of State for India. By letter. · Narl.-Copi.. of the SeleotioD will be f...,.,,-ded direct to the Deputy SuperiDteDd... " Gai""" ae_a. S..... y. B 941-20