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ask OemocPAc FebruarIrisy 199JB Price 40p h\loL- A/0* SL Connolly Association: campaigning for a united and independent Ireland Open letter to Mr Major

ONNOLLY Protestant control in Association Northern Ireland and Pesident Mr Protestant supremacy Peter Mul- over Irish Nationalists ligan has sent and Roman Catholics. Cthe following open letter So when you support the to John Major, British Unionists in Northern British Prime Minister: Ireland you are support- "We know you are a ing their continued Unionist because you an- control over a part of nounced at the Ireland and the Irish Conservative Con- people who are opposed ference, 'We are the to this kind of sec- Conservative and tarianism. Unionist Party and will "But you are not an continue to remain so.' Orangeman. Unlike However, we doubt if them you do not live in you are a member of the the past. Orange Order, that "But you are a Masonic-like secret Unionist and you have society that controls the pledged on a number of Unionist Parties in occasions to uphold Northern Ireland. Both Unionist supermacy Dr Paisley and Mr over Northern Ireland. d The Orange Order was founded to uphold Protestant supremacy over Nationalists Molyneaux are loyal "In case you are not members of the Orange aware of your powers the establishment of the Parliament of the United "The Irish are entitled on a crucial division over Order and would con- over life and death in Parliament of Northern Kingdom shall remain to rule in Ireland, not the the Maastricht Treaty. firm this if you asked Northern Ireland we will Ireland, or anything con- unaffected and un- British. We call on your As you announced at the them. The Orange Order quote Section 75 of the tained in this Act, the diminished over all Government to declare Conservative con- yias founded to uphold Act: "'Notwithstanding supreme authority of the persons, matters and that it will extricate itself ference, 'We are the things in Northern from the affairs of Conservative and Ireland and every part Ireland and that as a ges- Unionist Party and will Danger of losing 3,000 languages thereof.' ture of goodwill to allow remain so.' "So you will under- the Irish people to "If you want peace in At least half of the 6,000 languages in the asks Denver, "that this criticism of Irish is stand that Irish people negotiate peace un- Northern Ireland you world today are in imminent danger of not mentioned together with the puritan take exception to the hindered from outside must talk to the Irish destruction. They are mostly spoken by narrow-mindedness of contemporary Vic- support, your Govern- tribal peoples in the Third World, many torianism? Or with the cult of the Crown Government of Ireland Governemnt first about with small populations but with very and imperialism in England at the end of Act which rules them like mentwill com m i t i tself to Britain's claim to a part ancient traditions, who are under the last century. The victorious imperialist a colony from the eventual repeal of of Ireland. You must enormous pressure from modern versifying of the likes of Rudyard Kipling Westminster. They par- Section 75 of the Govern- state that you intend to "development." can outpass in national and cultural ment of Ireland Act. In recent years anti-national interpreta- chauvinism anything ever produced by the ticularly take exception withdraw that claim. tions of liberalism and pluralism have language revival movement in Ireland." to Section 75 which "But can you do that? While that claim remains often sought to ignore or belittle the native Every society has its fundamental denk s them even the As you said, you are a you can only ally your- Irish tradition. "Revisionists" have "myths of origin and identity", if it is to chance of self-determina- self with the Unionists in depicted the early Irish revivalists as place itself satisfactorily in history and Unionist and therefore simple dreamers with unrealistic aims. contemporary life. There is a need to tion by declaring that the biased in favour of the Northern Ireland and They have derided their populist elaborate a new "myth" for Irish to face British Parliament rules Unionists. You are not a make enemies of the propaganda as reactionary and the coming century. That will enable the 'unaffected and party without vested in- Irish people. chauvinist. Irish people to honour themselves and Yet such comment was quite un- their past, something all healthy societies undiminished' over all terests. You support the "We hope that you balanced. "Is it not strange, for example," need to be able to do. persons in Northern Unionists and they have will make the right Ireland. saved your government decision." HEADLINES HEADLINES

EDITORIAL WORLD COMMENT BY P O L I T 1 C U S On top of the Spring and Reynolds signal Truth comes out on The GATT influence plot to end Irish neutrality Lemass-O'Neill times nightmare brave Dick. "Europe". So they write rassment at the anti-Unionist their signatures, as well as by Simultaneously Taoiseach speeches for Spring to read which abandon a central prin- campaign in Britain and to notabilities like Bertrand Rus HE ONE MILLION Irish people living Reynolds says "Ireland must ciple of Irish independence in facilitate a joint Anglo-Irish ap- sell, JB Priestley, Canon Colins. in Britain have a key role to play in and will contribute to the fu- foreign policy. proach to the EEC. Grandison Professor Bernal and Doris bringing peace to Ireland. By organising ture security of Europe, taking "What is the market? It is the law of the jungle, the laic of nature. Against whom does described O'Neill's initial Lessing. The pressure forced politically in this country they can in- account of the radical redefini- And what is civilisation? It is the struggle against nature." "Europe" need defending? hard-line Unionist views Brdokeborough and Co to fluence British public opinion and urge tion of needs that history has The answer is no one, for no as'entirely unrealistic." release the last of the IRA TBritain's politicians to move to disengage from imposed on us." You might one is going to attack the EEC. While on holiday in the prisoners 30 years ago last Ireland. have thought that the task HIS IS Eduard Balladur, French prime mini- December. "history" has imposed on Mr What the EC/EU people really south Grandison privately dis- ster, referring to the threat posed by the For 55 years now the Irish Democrat and Con- poorer Reynolds is the duty to serve have in mind is European in- cussed closer North-South The British State papers nolly Association have campaigned in Britain to countries, with their cheap labour and low the interests of the Irish people terference in other people's af- relations with southern show also that the plan by Car- induce the British Government to adopt a policy levels of social and environmental protection, - not to promise in effect to join fairs - like the interference Foreign Affairs secretary dinal D'Alton to rejoin the of undoing the abomination of Partition. It was to the manufacturing base of the First World a which shattered Yugoslavia. Hugh McCann. At the same British Commonwealth in the the Connolly Association thought up the idea of military alliance that will Teconomies. And the simultaneous threat of free trade send Irish boys and girls off to Irish troops can then serve be- time he told McCann propheti- hope of getting eventual Irish in farm products to the subsistence farmers that make a campaign for civil rights as the way to shatter die in foreign wars. side the Franco-German army cally that if O'Neill got too far reunification, was also con- up half the Third World. Unionist political domination in the North of brigade already established as out of step with mainline certed with top British civil ser- Ireland, which was taken up by the 1960s Civil The Irish Labour Party The GATT treaty, like its US companion NAFTA, the nucleus of the EU Army. unionist thinking he might be vants, as the CA and Democrat which Spring leads has for reproduces on a global scale the deregulation that has Rights Movement. "shot out of his ear". Dick Spring is the man who warned at.the time. been practised in the US and Tory Britain, since 1979, In the coming months we shall be urging 1 REYNOLDS and SPRING: decades presented itself as t last year got the Dail to change Up to now TK Whitaker, In 1963 Lemass said in a with disastrous consequences. That deregulation Irish people to contact their Members of Parlia- champion of neutrality and op the Defence Act to permit the Lemass's top civil servant, has speech,"What we would like to widened social and income inequalities, brought ment systematically to urge them to support the member, of the WEU. "This is ponent of Irish participation in NEUTRALITY given the credit on the see happening now would be a a measured step opening the all military alliances. Irish sending of Irish troops on the about mass unemployment and crime, everywhere un- Irish peace initiative launched before Christmas Unionist side for the Lemass- CND has fat files of letters ignominious UN "peace-en- clear statement by British dermined bonds of communal solidarity and drastical- by John Hume and Gerry Adams. The aim of the Dublin corespondent path to future options/' pon- • Former Northern Ireland Prime Minister Terence O'Neill forcement" mission in O'Neill meeting of 1965 to political leaders that there ly weakened national labour movements. campaign is to get the Government to commit it- tificates the man who was a from the Mr Spring assuring Somalia. Now he is shamefully meets with Taoiseach Sean Lemass at Stormont in 1965 O'Neill's private secretary, Jim would be no British interest in self to the eventual repeal of Section 75 of the RELAND will be expected to great defender of Irish them of his commitment to GATT is an attempt to impose the free trade/ free lending himself to an even Mallie. The new information maintaining Partition when Government of Ireland Act. end its traditional military neutrality before he was made neutrality and his adamant capital rules that suit the rich countries on the more reactionary course for his behind the scenes. makes it clear that a change in Irishmen want to get rid of it. If the readers of the Irish Democrat and Irish neutrality to defend the Irish Foreign Minister. concern there will be no HISTORY majority poor countries of I party and his country. When Terence O'Neill be- British policy was the key fac- That has not yet been said." European Union if it moves to The Maastricht Treaty lays change in this position. the world. It denies the lat- Post, the members of County Associations, Irish came Six County premier in tor, as the CA and Irish When the Irish ambassador This 1996 EC conference is Messrs Spring and Feichreanach ter the right to protect their classes, GAA clubs etc. joined in lobbying their full political union in 1996, down that in 19% there is to be Democrat said at the time. Reynolds are flying kites to 1963 he began by saying that brought this to the attention of MPs, they would soon change the balance of for- says Irish Labour Leader Dick another EC Conference to due to take place when Ireland 'GATT is a infant industries or entire soften-up Irish public opinion he could not make overtures to The Stormont state papers Commonwealth Relations ces on the Irish question and shake up thorough- Spring. draw up Maastricht Mark 2. next holds the presidency of HIRTY YEARS ago the cultures on the ground that for abandoning neutrality. Or- Dublin unless Dublin first show as well how upset the Secretary Duncan Sandys, ly the core of British politics. The West European Union, Central to this is a plan for a that body. The Foreign Affairs charter for such measures are in agreed officially to recognise Brokeborough Government Sandys commented, "it would common EC foreign and civil servants are obviously dinary people overwhelming- T restraint of trade. Thus Major refuses to clarify the Downing Street a branch of NATO, is now Connolly Association was ly value neutrality. The only the Border. was at the pressure from Lon- be extremely difficult for coming closer to the EC-based security policy and "Ireland getting ready to show how campaigning in Britain to the 500 GATT is a charter for the declaration for Republicans. But he is happy Now the State papers tell us don to release the IRA British ministers to say any- must be prepared to par- "European" they are by sig- way to stop the sell-out is 500 or so Transnational Cor- enough to clarify it for Unionists. The Irish in European Union. Two years expose the misdeeds of the rnrnnrifinnc 500 or so Transnationa through a political fight-back that the Stormont Cabinet prisoners interned since the thing which might give the im- Britain are in an ideal position to press the ago Ireland became an "ob- ticipate in that process in a con- nalling their readiness in ad- Unionist Government at Stor- LUI pui (t 11UIIU porations that control Itwo - by all concerned Irish citizens. secretary, Sir Charles Gran- IRA's 1950s border campaign. pression that they are, as it server", though not a full structive manner," says the vance to take on the defence of mont. The CA was urging the thirds of world trade. British Government to answer the question: dison, was told by his British The Connolly Association or- were, 'abandoning the people British Government to insist that control GATT has no social or What are your long-term intentions regarding Establishment contacts that O'- ganised several telegrams to in the North.' " The British the Unionists should change. environmental component. Ireland? Neill should get closer to Stormont urging this at the have made the statement The records of the time con- It permits capital to move Do you want to stay in this country that does Lemass. This was to minimise time. Nearly half the Labour Lemass wanted in the recent two-thirds tained in the recently released without restraint to where not belong to you for ever? You say you have no British Government embar- Party at Westminster gave Downing Street declaration. strategic or economic interest in the place. You 1963 State papers show that of world wages are lowest, pollution say you recognise Irish rights to self-determina- this is exactly what happened controls absent and human tion. Why then will you not agree to join in posi- Latest polling evidence reveals trade' rights minimal. A recent tively encouraging a coming-together of all Irish survey of 10,000 large and people in Ireland? Instead of underwriting medium-sized companies division, Britain would then join the ranks of in Germany found that one-third of them planned to the persuaders for agreement. It is the only wor- changing attitudes North and South Joining the ranks move production to Eastern Europe or Asia in the next Voting rights three years. So GATT will enlarge the rich world's thy course. pool of long-term unemployed, as jobs shift to low It is hypocritical of the British Government to The reason is that many wage and no-trade-union countries. pretend that it can be neutral as between the learn more about the plight of Northerners feel they have Irish nationalist majority and the Unionist Northern nationalists. They of the "persuaders" Fat-cat technocrats like GATT director Peter Suther- been let down over the years, minority. The Irish in Britain are ideally posi- were shocked by the bigoted for Irish abroad land say First World consumers will benefit by having even abandoned, by the tioned to expose this hypocrisy and to demand behaviour of the working-class cheaper goods to buy. That is, if they still have a job Republic. The people down the necessary change of British policy. Orange crowd at the North- POLICY - • "The claim of Ulster in this and wage income and do not mind the longer hours South football match last there, they say, are concerned they have to work. Cheaper goods will be at the cost The only way to do it is by political organisa- EMIGRANTS should allow votes to its matter is not a claim that due autumn. Imagine, Northern with issues like abortion, of a global bidding down of wages, pollution stand- tion, by advocacy and lobbying, by talking to citizens abroad. It urges Democrat reporter regard should be had to the Nationalists have to live with divorce, homosexuality, the ards and human rights, and yet further concentration your neighbours and friends among the British Democrat reporter that Irish people abroad of interests of a minority, not a that lot all the time, said people moral debates of an increasing- HE British Government of world trade in the hands of the TNCs. people, by raising the Irish question in Labour 18 years and over be al- claim to be protected against looking at the match on TV all ly permissive consumer HE EDITORS of Irish has made a big issue of not and trade union circles, by seeking to open up lowed to vote in Irish elec- possible oppression and per- The peasant revolt that broke out in Mexico on round the country! society. In the North the main newspapers in Britain, joining the ranks of the and broaden out the political debate in this tions for a period of 20 years T secution, but a claim on behalf January 1, the day the North American Free Trade concern is about violence, America and Australia "persuaders" for Irish unity, country. The fight-back against his- T after they leave Ireland. of a minority, and compara- Area came into force, presaged some of the consequen- tory revisionism and anti-na- paramilitary threats, political have joined the campaign but it is not at all clear what tively a small minority, of the ces of the unregulated global capitalism of GATT. For It is the only useful kind of political work for President Mary Robin- tional brainwashing in recent instability. North and South for Irish emigrants abroad purpose this serves, apart from population of Ireland to veto the Third World GATT threatens social dislocation Irish people in Britain and tor the many British son was running for the years has also helped. Robert are two different political being able to vote in elec- keeping Jim Molynenux and the wishes and frustrate the and political instability on an unprecedented scale. friends of Ireland. Why not join us in it and tell presidency she supported Ballagh's Spirit of Easter com- worlds. tions at home. They have his nine Unionists happy and aspirations of a great mass of There 2 billion people, some 40 per cent of the world's your friends to join too? votes for emigrants. The Southerners feel guilty about the North memoration on the 75th an- Northern nationalist lack of urged the Irish Govern- Fianna Fail-Labour coali- shoring up Major's crumbling the Irish people." (Prime Mini population, depend on small scale farming for their niversary of the Rising in 1991 enthusiasm for the South does ment to institute this. tion promised to introduce support in the Commons. ster Ilenry Asquith, June 1912) sole income. Half of them are likely to be driven from UNIFICATION 72 per cent, believe the IRA helped to educate opinion, as not mean they look forward to Many countries allow a law giving emigrants Many senior British politi- "On one point I think there their land over the next 20 years by the GATT and Sinn Fein will reject the did the Birmingham Six and staying in the United their citizens abroad to votes unless there were cal leaders have expressed will be very little dispute. deregulation of world trade in grain, as the cheap corn Dublin corespondent Downing Street declaration, Guildford Four campaigns. Kingdom. They are adamant vote in their home elections constitutional obstacles. vigorous support in the past Whatever Ulster's right may of the vast mechanised US farms swipes their markets. even though most regard the It is a paradox that at the they will never bow down to either by post or by voting Seemingly there are for the ideal of Irish unity and be, she cannot stand in the way There is an alternative: one entailing regulation, for the ending of partition, as AST YEAR Ulster Declaration as a good thing. same time as more southerners Unionism again. Repealing at their local embassies. none, but the Government of the whole of the rest of moral frameworks, community maintenance, rural indeed did some unionist Unionist Chris Mc- Also two-thirds of voters sup- are coming to want a united Section 31 will greatly help to Portugal even has four is stalling, using the excuse Ireland. Half aprovincecannot development, local and regional self-sufficiency, the leaders. lRish Demcxmc Gimpsey told the Opsahl port the Government's Ireland, Six County views of narrow the gap in North-South Members of Parliament that there could be. Votes frustrate for ever the recon- rights of poorer countries to decide their own MONTHLY NEWSPAPER OF THE L Commission he "would be decision to allow RTE to inter- the Twenty-Six have become perceptions. solely elected by Por- for emigrants is a progres- "There is no one in the ciliation between the British priorities. As Tim Lang and Colin Hines put it in their CONNOLLY ASSOCIATION astonished if a majority in the view Sinn Fein spokespeople. more jaundiced. In the North Now that the ridiculous tuguese outside the sive step. It would link all world who would be more and Irish democracies." influential Earthscan publication, The New Protec- Founded 1939 Vol 49, no 2 country. It means that there Republic voted in a referen- There has been a rise in na- 25 per cent of all people say nonsense about not interview- Irish, both at home and pleased to see an absolute (Winston Churchill, April tionism, instead of GATT the world needs a CAST - a is continual pressure in the dum for a United Ireland, tional feeling in the Republic they want to join a united ing Republicans is done away broad, and provide an im- unity in Ireland than I would." 1912) General Agreement on Sustainable Trade, its goal a ORIGINAL PRODUCTION: Gerard Cumin, Jonathan Hardy national patliament for especially when the financial lately. This poll is further Ireland, with 14 per cent un- with - with Conor Cruise O'- petus for change that (Sir Edward Carson, January "My chief regret is that I decent quality of life in the 21st century; meeting the REMIX: Martin Moriarty emigrant issues to be at- burden was considered." Now evidence of it. decided. Among Northern Brien grinding his teeth in fury Ireland badly needs. 1921) think it is making it more dif- three Es of Equity, Environment and Economy; and EDITORIAL BOARD: Gerard Curran, Conor Foley, Martin tended to. a new po!' proves McGimpsey One reason is that Catholics 52 per cent want a in the "Independent"at this People supporting this "In this island we cannot ficult for North and South to localising, rather than globalising, production and Moriarty, Peter Mulligan wrong. southerners have realised united Ireland, which is a huge step - the southern public will The organization Glor demand should write to live always separated from come together, which is a solu- trade. This would be sustained by resource taxes, ener- TYPESET AND DESIGNED: Connolly Publications 22 per cent less than people It shows that the over- since the Hume-Adams initia- get a clearer picture of the na Deorai, literally "call of any TDs they know at home one another. We are too small tion, whether our friends in gy taxes and green taxes, which safeguard the earth PUBLISHED BY:Connolly Publications Ltd, 244-246Gray's Inn tive of a few months how much who want it in the South! Most wrongs of Partition. National the exiles", has issued a urging support for it, or else to be apart or for the border to North and South believe it or even if they add to business costs. Justice, equity and Road, London WC1X 8JR. Tel: 071-833 3022 whelming majority of people their politicians have people would probably h^ve feeling in both parts of Ireland new pamphlet by Liam O urge their relatives in be there for all time. The not, which the ordinary the quality of life call for protectionism. The alterna- PRINTED BY: Ripley Printers (TU) Ltd, Nottingham Road, in the Republic, 74 per cent, neglected the Six Counties. thought it would be the other will inevitably strengthen as a Cuineagain setting out the Ireland to raise it directly change will not come in my Englishman would most like tive is social drift and the rise of free market fascism Ripley, Derbyshire. Tel: 0773-731641 still want a united Ireland. Southerners feel guilty as they way around. result. arguments why Ireland with the politicians. time but it will come." (Lorci to see." (Anthony Eden May as we enter the 21st century. 1939-1980 and 1981-90 now available on microfilm Most people at the same time, Craigavon, Northern Premier) 1949)

IRISH DEMOCRAT February 1994 page 2 19 9 4 page BEHIND THE HEADLINES OBITUARY

JOHN MURPHY'S KEYWORDS could strut about the 'corridors A ceasefire - or a reduction of power' with nothing to chal- in the armed struggle - should lenge their feeble vision. therefore not be thought of in Death of anti-EEC fighter terms of getting something in return from the British Recent mperialism Taking the initiative developments have shown that the British are prepared to MPERIALISM refers to the dominanceof nations and It is important that give very little. Republicans do not get too What is required is a Raymond Crotty unilateral ceasefire (or a hold- I embroiled in debate over the peoples by States other than their own There is merits or demerits of tire or something similar) pre-capitalist and capitalist imperialism In the an- Major/Revnolds. That would aimed at rallying domestic aiyi agricultural land being under among economists interna- cient world imperialism came into being in the ancient merely be dancing to the tune international support in pasture - and, unlike most tionally. He summarised its river valley civilisations of the Tigris, Euphrates, Nile, of the British. favour of the principles of the agricultural economists, was key insights in a lengthy ap- Indus and Yangtze. The rich alluvial soil of these original Hume/Adams initia- Surely the real question able to draw on considerable pendix to a further study pub- favoured areas was fruitful enough to support a class tive. which confronts the practical knowledge of farm lished in 1986, Ireland in Crisis, of kings, warriors, priests and tax-gatherers that was as Republican movement as we Let the British go to hell for problems, in both Ireland and A Study in Capitalist Colonial numerous as the farmers off whose surplus grain they enter 1994 is how to fight the the time being. Such a new a score of Third World Undevclopment. lived. They established the State, with its monopoly of next stage in the struggle strategy could even go hand- countries. Crotty increasingly came to coercive force over the territory, and set our to conquer against Partition. Can this be in-hand with an outright rejec- Crotty's interest in see the State as the control neighbouring peoples, for booty and for the glory of done with the full resumption tion of the Major/Reynolds economics was first aroused by mechanism which determined Pharaoh, Emperor or Inca of the armed struggle? That deal. his experiences as a farmer in how economies function, Ancient Sumeria, Assyria, Egypt, India and China course would clearly delight One of the advantages of his native Co. Kilkenny in the mainly through its influence were the first imperialisms. In their day these empires our enemies. such an unilateral action 1940s and 1950s. Here he had on the prices of the factors of were prison houses of nations and ethnic groups, would be that the IRA would Or should primacy be the insight that the secret of production, which could be whose very names are now not even remembered bv be free to define their own level given to a political strategy individual success in Irish manipulated for the benefit of history. People depended absolutely on the State, of activity within the overall which would sweep the farming was typically not to either haves or have-nots. which organised the giant canal systems that fertilised Major/Reynolds fudge off the strategy. They would not be the land. They could do nothing as private individuals maximise farm outputs, but to He regarded decoloniza- centre of the stage, as well as bound by any bilateral agree- to improve themselves. Society was everything, the minimise farm inputs. How- tion as in most cases a process confound the machinations of ments with their enemies. individual nothing. The rulers were deified; their ever, what might be profitable of indigenizing privilege, the British? Such a strategy peoples toiled to erect giant monuments for their em- The political thrust of such for the private individual was whereby institutions im- would by its very definition balmed corpses. a strategy would be to expose, not necessarily beneficial to planted by foreign colonial have the effect of demoting the Rome was the model of all subsequent im- weaken and divide Unionism. society, and he concluded that powers came to serve primacy of the armed struggle perialisms. From Britain in the west to Palestine in the Republicans could demand in Irish circumstances the con- privileged native successor .SB'S: „, - possibly even to the extent of east, from Germany in the north to Liberia in the south, even more civil rights, or a flict between absolute private groups, while the mass of having a ceasefire. toe Roman Empire encompassed the entire Mediter- fifty-fifty power-sharing local ownership in land and the re- people got worse off or, as in "I TO THE MEMORY OF THE DEAD: Republican plot at Edendork, near Dungannon, Co Tyrone ft? v. ranean. The Romans were great administrators and Of course, the very word administration in the Six quirements of the social good the Irish case, emigrated in engineers. All roads led to Rome, as today metaphori- 'ceasefire' causes alarm among Counties for the interim period was best resolved by a land tax large numbers. This is a central cally they lead to Washington. Classical education, Republicans, mainly because before final British withdrawal system. This would enable the theme of the book he had been which was mainly about Rome, became the model for of the two previous ceasefires All demands for equality force State to appropriate land rents working on in recent years, n Raymond Crotty the training of many subsequent empire builders. which weakened the move- the Unionists back up against and use them to subsidise off- which he provisionally, and The aspiring sahib setting out from Victorian Britain ment. But those ceasefires were the wall. farm employment, while provocatively, titled Our be violated by the Dail pur- to administer the Indian Empire or to bring disasters because they were It should be noted that AYMOND CROTTY, simultaneously stimulating Enemy the State. He was revis- porting to transfer sovereignty 'enlightenment' to the lesser breeds of Darkest Africa, Putting the spotlight on undertaken for the wrong Unionists often froth at the agricultural output. His book ing its final chapter until a few to Brussels through the SEA, reasons. They were bi-lateral in mouth at the very mention of R Irish Agricultural Production got some of his sense of superiority from the Latin days before his death. It will be whose death at the age of when this properly could only classics. The Romans regarded non-Romans as bar- nature. They were aimed at the possibility of an IRA (1966), in which he developed published in due course. 68 occurred in St be done by the Irish people securing something from the ceasefire. Because they do not this insight, is recognized as a barians. They were people with beards, from the Latin Vincent's Hospital, Dublin, on themselves in a referendum. Crotty's hostility to Irish British in return. want peace. They want war. seminal work on modern Irish "barba", suitable only to be conquered and enslaved. New Year's Day, was one of An issue in the case was support for European integra- Look at how the Romans treated the Jews. The his- Once you start treating They fear any move that economic history. partition the most remarkable Irishmen Crotty's "locus standi". Could tion arose from his view that it torian Josephus tells of how Titus denuded the hills with the enemy you are on would expose them politically of his time. he show that he would himself He studied for an external represented a search by a around Jerusalem of trees, cut down to make crucifixes very dangerous ground - un- as the real bigots they are. The massive turnout at his be personally injured if he economics degree at London politically bankrupt Estab- for the Jews who dared rebel. less you are in a position of Republicans should adopt funeral showed the place Crot- lishment for a non-existent deus the Major/Reynolds deal, and was that it did cause such tur- cause the Republican move- government ratified the treaty University while still farming. The ancient alluvial river valleys were fertile strength. On the two previous a strategy that would show the ty held in the hearts of the Irish ex machina that might solve the A Dublin member are demanding immediate and moil - practically altering the ment problems. in the way it wanted to? Following postgraduate enough to enable one grain of corn to produce nine ocasions the movement was world that the problem in the people. Col. Pearse Redmond country's acute developmental unconditional acceptance of it, political landscape without Supreme Court Justice Brian studies at the London School of others, in addition to its own replacement for seed. In not in a position of strength - Six Counties is not the IRA, but officially represented Presi- problems. He believed that the anyone knowing what it was Walsh commented: "Mr Economics, he lectured on the less fertile lands of the Roman Mediterranean, of the Republican even to the extent that they despite the illusions of the then Right-wing Unionism. dent Mary Robinson. The at- Crotty's locus standi is that of agricultural economics at the ioss of sovereignty involved which depended for watering on winter rain rather repeat unrealistic British all about! British strategy leadership. Unionism is very fragile be- tendance ranged from Alan University of Wales, before un- would make the unique Movement demands that the IRA sur- Despite all this, 'pro' and someone standing with his than on river floods, one grain seed typically gave three The key weakness was that cause of the contradiction be- Dukes, former leader of Fine dertaking a decade of economic problems of render its weapons. 'anti' camps very quickly ap- The central question is this: Do finger in the dyke" - ironically other net. In the cleared cool forests of Northern Europe the leadership then imagined tween its antidiluvian Gael, and Pat Cox TD of the referring to the flood of EEC economic consultancy work Europe's only capitalist ex- considers the way Every reactionary force in peared along predictable lines all these reactionary elements in medieval times, one seed gave a typical net surplus that a national minority could 'philosophy' and the rest of the PDs on one side of the political laws that would pour forth if with the World Bank and colony more difficult to tackle Ireland and Britain is now - but with the new twist that hope to regain the initiative by of just one. Such differences in soil productivity have win regardless of support from civilised world. It would frag- spectrum, to the editor of An the Treaty should go through. various governments in South by the one people with an in- screaming that the IRA and the right wing, who were getting the Republican move- profoundly influenced Europe's economic history. to end partition as the southern state - either its ment and divide half-a-dozen Phoblacht, Neil Blaney MEP, East Asia, India, Africa and terest in tackling them - the Sinn Fein 'respond', while against it, found themselves ment to accept Major/ If a general election had not In the Roman Mediterranean the soil was fertile people or institutions. Contact ways in face of a resurgent Ruairi O Bradaigh of Sinn Fein Latin America. Irish themselves. for the first time in years politi- Reynolds? Their attitude since occurred between the High enough to enable a slave to produce enough food to we enter 1994. making it clear that only one with the British merely threw Irish nationalism proclaiming Poblachtach and Michael O'- cally isolated. it was published hardly seems Court and Supreme Court Here, as in Ireland, he He never joined a political maintain himself while leaving a surplus to enrich his sort of 'response' will be ac- into relief those practical - and national self-determination as Riordan of the Communist to indicate this. It seems to in- stages of this case, it is prob- championed economic policies party but was actively in- owner, but not enough to enable the reproduction of ceptable. Elements in the inter- What all this proved was political/ideological weak- the only reaslistic goal. Party of Ireland on the other. dicate that they are not even able that the SEA would either that would benefit the mass of volved in non-party umbrella the slave family. As the slave workforce was worn out, national community have also that the political Establishment nesses. And the illusions In between were people like serious about their own peace Once Unionism collapses, have had to be renegotiated by smaller farmers rather than a groups concerned at the ad- it could be replaced profitably only by conquest and by iTHIN THE PAST few been dragged into this - per- always panics when melted like snow. Judge O'Hanlon of the High proposals. so does Partition. the Garret FitzGerald-led minority of large ones. His verse effects of European in- fresh enslavement. Hence the economic dynamism be- years there have been haps unwittingly. Republicans talk peace. They Court, Tom Barrington of the tegration on Ireland. He was hind Roman imperialism was the search for new signs of political So why should it be that consider 'peace moves' to be The belligerent and bel- Coalition Government, or, if work led him to appreciate W Institute of Public Administra- peoples to conquer. Free Roman citizens lived on the put to referendum, would that Ireland's serious joint-secretary of the Common flexibility within the the establishment reacted with their business, and were licose statements, and the tion, Carol Fox of CND, Bertie Liverpool Branch Connolly have stood a good chance of economic problems had Market Defence Campaign in bread and circuses the slaves produced. Rome also Republican Movement, and such horror to Adams/Hume, alarmed that the republican making of outrageous addi- Wall of the Small Farmers, being rejected, with the Fianna analogies in all former colonies the 1972 EEC Accession introduced the rule of law and individual property, leading Republicans have sent but supported Major/ movement had seized the in- tional demands as soon as the Mike Allan of the Unemployed Association Fail Party in opposition declin- of the capitalist powers, where referendum, of the National which was first of all the right to property in slaves. 'signals' indicating a desire to Reynolds? What is the dif- itiative. document was published, do Movement, John O'Reilly of ing to support it. As it was, the traditional indigenous social Platform in the 1992 Maastrict Slaves had no interest in their productivity. So 'demilitarise' the Six County ference between the two peace Reliable sources within the not strike one as the sort of Family Solidarity, Justin Keat- coming into force of the SEA structures had been disrupted referendum, and was presi- Rome failed to develop capitalism. Eventually the Em- situation. processes? Is the gulf between civil service reported that Dick diplomatic moves necessary to ing, Desmond Fennell, Robert and the 1992 'single market' by externally imposed institu- dent of the Constitutional pire, weakened by civil war, collapsed before the clan- It is not yet clear whether them all that great? Spring and his 'advisers' were negotiate the difficult path to Two Traditions? Ballagh, Joe Lee, John Waters, programme, was delayed by tions, condemning them to Rights Campaign in the 1987 based and cattle-keeping Goths, Vandals and Huns, the Reynolds/Major statement The difference between the most unhappy at Gerry peace. It is more likely that the Nicky Kelly and countless six months. This did not en- permanent 'undevelopment'. SEA referendum. who burst out of the North European forests on the has helped this process along two documents cannot be un- Adams appearing to be a reactionaries are salivating at The Ulster Sectarian Divide other citizens, well-known or dear 'Citizen' Crotty to either slave-run grain estates of the decadent Romans. With or not - particularly when derestimated. But the 'statesman', and at having the mouth at the prospect of obscure. His book Cattle, Economics Ray Crotty was a patriotic the Dublin or Brussels political the fall of Rome the centralised State disappeared from taken in conjunction with the shortcomings in the Major/ their own flimsy plans for more war. Raymond Crotty made and Development, published in Irishman of a kind that is un- Establishments. Europe for a millennium. In 1400, a thousand years bellicose statements made sub- 'talks about talks' sidelined by Jack Bennett (well known journalist Claude 1980 by the prestigous Com- fortunately now too rare. He Reynolds document were due The British tactic seems to legal history in 1987 through after Rome's fall, there were over a thousand separate sequently by Major and the dynamic of the whole Gordon of the Sunday Press) monwealth Agricultural felt a personal anguish at to British intransigence. be, on the one hand, to offer a his Supreme Court challenge polities in Europe - baronies, counties, dukedoms and Meyhew. Reynolds probably did try to process. poor deal, sure in the Sunday 13th February 6.00pm to the constitutionality of the Bureau, draws on this interna- Ireland's problems of emigra- tional experience to make a sig- tion and unemployment, and petty kingdoms, t ie binding link between them being Some Republicans now feel get it to be as nationalist as pos- The Hume/Adams process knowledge that the IRA could Government's proposed mode Radical Economist nificantly original contribution was anxious that his economic the Christian Church. This was feudalism, with the that the Hume/Adams sible - particularly on the demonstrated the political not accept it without serious of ratification of the Single peasant in his cabin depending on the lord in his castle Although it was this historic to development economics. It work should help point a way process has led the movement definition of self-determina- shallowness of many of our internal divisions; and on the European Act. This led to the for protection, while the lord in turn depended on the constitutional case that made is an enormously ambitious to their solution. into an unforeseen cul-de-sac, tion Republicans can at least leaders, who were more con- other hand, to create such hype referendum on the SEA and peasant's modest surplus for his food. It took another Raymond Crotty a national fig- survey of the interaction of cat- He was greatly admired by and that while Hume/Adams congratulate themselves on cerned with regaining the over it all that a political later the 1992 referendum on five hundred years to reduce this multitude of petty Peace Initiatives for Ireland in ure, he was already well tle production, social mores, people all over the country and put the establishment on the having put this concept into centre of the political stage climate can be created to allow the Maastricht Treaty. statelets into Europe's three-dozen or so centralised known to economists and land use and property owner- was respected for his manifest spot, the Reynolds/Major th" circulation of mainstream than with obtaining peace. The a crackdown on the IRA once On Christmas Eve 1986 States of the 20th century. the 16th and 17th Century economic historians for his ship over five continents, full moral integrity even by his document has 'turned the p. i itics. political Establishment may the deal had been inevitably Judge Barrington granted him Modern imperialism came into being with the original intellectual work in of fascinathg insights into the political and intellectual op- tables', so to speak, and it is The original Hume/ see in Major/Reynolds a rejected. an injunction in the High Court reemergence of strong centralised States out of economics. This has earned origins of capitalism in Europe ponents. In personal character now the Republicans who are Adams document - from what vehicle to achieve this. Once this objective had John McGurk, lecturer, Liverpool University restraining the Irish State from European feurtflism. This reemergence went hand in him a growing international and the development of the he was truly one of nature's under pressure. we know of it - was quite mild The same can be said of the been achieved, the political Es- Sunday 20th February 6.00pm ratifying the SEA Treaty on the hand with capitalism. That gave modern imperialism reputation. psychology of possessive in- gentlemen and he was much It is significant that the very itself. It was not the content of British. They also wish to tablishment in the South could basis of its approval by simple quite a different dynamic from the search for booty and dividualism. loved by his many friends and elements in thesouthern politi- Hume/Adams that caused regain the political initiative - breathe again. They would be majority of the Dail. He was especially inter- glory of the ancient river valley Empires, or the slave- Venue: The Irish Centre, Liverpool family. He is survived by his cal Establishment who were so such political turmoil in the and even the Unionists are not back in the cosy situation The Supreme Court upheld ested in the problems of pas- Although not well known driven expansionism of Rome. Next month we shall wife, three sons and four hostile to Hume/Adams are South. The most remarkable so thick that they cannot sense where Republicanism was Crotty's contention that his toral agriculture - some in Ireland, this work has at- look at the what drives capitalism imperialism. daughters. now the most enthusiastic over thing about Hume/Adams that Major/Reynolds can once more isolated. And they rights as an Irish citizen, and two-thirds of the world's tracted growing interest those of other citizens, would

IRISH DEMOCRAT February 1994 page 4 IRISH DEMOCRAT February 1993 page 5 IRISH BOOKS IRISH SONGS

IN BRIEF political struggle must again might not suit the Irish side, PETER MULLIGAN'S come to the fore. which would be taking over PEEPSHOW The Northerners also had a the sovereignty Britain was The Derry Air, Danny Boy Facing the Chair more pragmatic view of the surrendering. In real life all the Dublin Government and the details of the disengagement Contrary to what many people think the song Danny Boy Sacco and Vanzetti, two Italian immigrant Anarchists, potential of the Southern State process would have to be is not a romantic song, but a patriotic song of a father and were convicted of milder in Dedliam Massachusetts in than the Sean MacStiofain, agreed by both sides. his son. The elderly father was speaking to his son who 1920, executed in 1927 and pardoned in the early 1980's. VETO STILL Classic Daithi O Conaill, Ruairi O The new book describes was goining to war to free his country. The Derry Air Bradaigh leadership. They how the Republican move- originates in Coleraine, Co. Derry and was composed by Account realised that it was quite un- ment came to pursue a policy a Clan Chieftain lamenting the end of his family and reign I came to this land in Nineteen-o-eight realistic to think that Britain of urging both London and THERE at the plantation of Ulster. The original words were in And 1 though it was the land of the free War and an Irish Town could be forced to withdraw Dublin to adopt a joint policy 17th Century Irish but are now lost. But I very soon saw, the rich had one law (New edition) Eamonn from Ireland if the Dublin of ending Partition "in the McCann, Pluto Press Government and general shortest possible time consis- The present version ivas composed by an English bar- And another for people like me "Whatever words Britain may have conceded to £9.95 pbk. public opinion did not want tent with obtaining maxi- rister named Weatherby who also composed Roses of secure Dublin's acquiescence, everybody knows that in fact Irish unity will not happen, because the North Rf'-ISSUF.D as part of the this. Ireland needed interna- umum consent to the process Picardy and the Holy City. Weatherby was said to have Well times were depressed and the money was hard will not agree and will be defended by London in I'luto classic series and tional allies for its struggle. and minimising costs of every chosen Danny Boy because for some reason best known to And 1 peddled my fish by the sea refusing to agree. Likewise, everybody knows that with a new introduction, Dublin could be crucial in ob- kind and recognising the himself he admired Daniel O'Connell. PO Treasai Where the pilgims of old, fleeing from persecution union is no longer Dublin's top priority, and perhaps War ami tin Irish Town is a taining these. centrality of inclusive dialogue Landed and thought themselves free. has no priority at all." Hugo Young, The Guardian. breathtaking account of This made essential the in this process." hie in Derry when the bal- 11RA graffiti at Cullyhanna, South Armagh need for political pressure on If it took some years to cre- Chorus: Goodbye to you brave comrades INFILTRATE/MANIPULATE "British secret service loon went up' in 1968 to Dublin. Electoral success in the ate Partition, it clearly would O Danny Boy, the pipes, the pipes are calling Goodbye to you Suasso's lane agents, working in the Republic undercover, are now the eventual Free Derry Republic which might have take some years to get rid of it involved in the most extensive spying operation barricaded ghetto of 1%9. been a lever on Dublin eluded with maximum consent. An in- From Glen to Glen, and down the mountainside, Goodby to North Plymouth known to the Guardi since the founding of the State." Mi (.'.inn relays his per- Sinn Fein, despite the ending The summer's gone and all the rose is fallin' Goodbye Boston harbour terim period is inevitable Anne Cadwallader in The Sunday Press, n.b. John sonal account in a rational of abstentionism. It was clear 'Tis you 'tis you must go and I must bide. I'll never see you again The evolution of modern therefore, before eventual Major has stated in the House of Commons that 40 way avoiding sentimen- that the armed struggle was But come ye back when summer's in the meadow, British disengagement. The per cent of the Security Forces total effort was tality or personalisation. alienating Southern opinion. politics of this interim period Or when the valley's hushed and white with snow, The Department of Justice was rounding up Reds specifically to control Irish dissent /terrorism. In the I le also sets the seige in the The South had already had a thus come to the fore - the need 'Tis I'll be there in sunshine or in shadow, And one day on the sidewalk below Haughey period MI5 succeeded in establishing context ot Irish history civil war in 1922. It didn't want republicanism for arrangements in the Six O Danny Boy, oh Danny boy, I love you so. Salsedo was found lying crushed on the ground agents inside the Gardi, the Irish army and govern- with a detailed overview another. A political alternative Counties to express the equal They said he fell out of a high storey window ment departments. The plot involved the staff of a from the 1880s' onwards. was the Hume-Adams tary thinking of the IRA and Republican leadership had status of Unionists and British firm with premises in Dublin, the turning of I le sees the failure to con- Feichreanach process, whereby the And when ye come and all the flowers are dying, Sinn Fein right up to December failed completely to show how Nationalists, the need for a three senior Gardi officers and the manipulation of struct a cohesive working Republicans came to an under- If I am dead, as dead I well may be. And two payroll guards were shot down and killed Brendan O'Brien, The last It avoids moralizing and is these attitudes, or a military wholly new unarmed com- several, unwitting Dublin journalists by two class movement and the al- standing with the SDLP which You'll come and find the place where I am lying, At the hight of the Anti-Red scare Long War: The IRA and remarkable for the objectivity campaign conducted on the munity police force to replace diplomats in the British Embassy. The budget was most inexorable slippage Dublin, and especially Fianna And the powers that be arrested Sacco and me of its account of the IRA. basis of them, would lead to a the RUC, total demilitarization And knell and say an Ave there for me. unlimited. From 'C' biography of Sir Maurice Oldfieid of the civil rights move- Sinn Fein 1985 to Today, Fail, could not ignore without It examines the significance united Ireland. of the situation etc. And now we are facing the chair Head of M16. ment into the armed strug- The O'Brien Press, alienating its own grass-roots of the eruptions of the 1981 They could not show how, One significant omission And I shall hear tho' soft you tread above me, gle as detrimental to any support. The book's discussion Dublin, £18.95 hunger strikes, which boosted practically, the Dublin from this brilliant book is an And all my grave will wanner, sweeter be Chorus possibility of meaningful- of that political initiative "I asked the House of Commons research the political role of Sinn Fein in Government was to be examination of the factors be- political discourse. brings us right up to the If you will bend and tell me that you love me, department to calculate the total cost of the emergen- the North, gave it a hold on one replaced by an All-Ireland hind Britain's claim that it no present. Then I shall sleep in peace until you come to me. Well our jury, God help us, what a chance did they have cy (in Northern Ireland) and, at current prices, the third of the nationalist elec- In his introduction, Mc- HIS ISONE of the handful Government or Parliament longer has any "strategic or When the cruel judge called us low breed cost of the war has been £14.5 bil lion." Tony Benn. Cann says hf? intends his of worthwhile books on torate and made Gerry Adams brought about by a victorious economic interest" in Ireland. The book also shows how He was heard to declare, "They should get the chair NB. The Northern Ireland Law Society has an book to be a contribution Tthe Northern problemto M.P. for West Belfast. This was IRA and Sinn Fein. And the the Republican leadership Current British policy should nounced that over 16.8 million has been paid out in They're Reds and what more do you need?" "to discussions of how best have appeared in twenty-five the origin of the armalite and Northerners were the people came to appreciate the need to be seen in the light of the end The Apron of Flowers criminal compensation this year. Since 1982 over 231 to build a revolutionary years. It makes a whole library ballot-box strategy. doing most of the fighting on get majority consent within the of the Cold War since 1989. And for sven ong years we languished in jail million has been paid. socialist party in Ireland" of tomes and commentary on The establishment of an the ground. Some of them had North for the ending of Parti- While there was a possibility of While appeals for a re-trial were made I loved a young man I loved him well and he pour , scorn on the the "troubles" appear worth- IRA Northern Command been involved in the Long War tion. This means getting the East-West war in the North At- And the Madeiros confession, it made no impression PTA VIOLENCE Section 31 of the Prevention of Ter- reactionary forces in less by comparison. covering the Six Counties and since 1969 - the most extraor- agreement of at least a fraction lantic, military control of the I loved him better than tongue can tell On Judge Webster Thayer's crusade rorism Act defines terrorism as "The use of violence Ireland and exposes their The book tells you why the the adjacent five Border coun- dinary and sustained guerilla of the Unionists. For Six Counties was important for I loved him better than he loved me for political ends." The Republican prisoners are al- vested interest in the status IRA cannot be beaten, yet at the ties to the South was a key movement of modern times. Republicans these are after all Britain and its NATO allies. For he did not care for my company. A dog that kills chickens would't convict ready recognised as using violence for political ends. quo. Irish people too. This would take same time cannot win. It tells development. It represented This book gives details of Nowadays Britain's main On the evidence, Judge, that you've heard We say so are the 30,000 trained and armed person- the arrival of Gerry Adams, some time even if the British He critices the what they mean by "sicken- the hundreds of tons of arms political interest in Ireland is Now I will tell you the reaons why; But you'll show no concern while these two witches nel who are enforcing British control in Ireland. Republican movement ing'' the British, how they see Martin McGuinness, Danny successfully smuggled in from were supportive, and Major was maintaining good relations Because he had more gold than I: not constrained by his House of burn especially Sinn Fein in their armed actions in Ireland Morrison and a dynamic Libya in 1985 and 1986. The with Dublin in the EEC con- But the gold will melt and the silver fly IMPERIALISM V JUSTICE! 'Britain in also deter- their dash for respect- and Britain as gradually erod- younger generation into the IRA has enough arms to con- Commons dependence on text. mined to safeguard the constitutional positional of And perhaps he'll just be as poor as I. For preaching the dangerous word ability, and examines the ing England's moral will to Republican leadership. They tinue the Long War indefinate- Molyneaux and Co. This is much more impor- the majority community in Northern Ireland. Ireland is stay in occupation of its first were less concerned than pre- inherent conservatism of iy- It has always seemed tant to London than backing seeking a more radical formula that would encourage and last colony, until eventual- vious generation of There is an alehouse all in this town Chorus republicanism as I iesees it. At the same time it is clear strange that the Provisional the atavistic Ulster Unionists - the IRA to give up its arms." The Guardian ly the British totter towards a Republicans, particularly in Where he goes in, and there sits down; The author may He guilty that neither the British nor the Republican Movement should even if the accident of current tinal settlement. the South, with the however of disregarding IRA can be militarily defeated. have demanded that Britain House of Commons arithmetic And he takes a strange girl on his knee If these things hadn't happened we might have lived HER MAJESTY'S GOVERNMENT IN SCOTLAND metaphysics of reestablishing the advances made by the Beginning with the early War is the extension of politics set a date for leaving Ireland - gives these a temporary ad- And he tells her what he once told me. out our lives Mr. Mcintosh denies conspiring "to further by the Second Dail or with justify- republicans in favour ol 1980s, Tlw Long War traces the by other means, said the great for example by committing to vantage. criminal means the purposes of the Scot tish National ing abstentionism from the Conversing with scornful men the 'puritv' of the struggle evolution of the modern German military strategist withdraw within the lifetime Everyone intelligently in- But there's a flower grows inthis place, Liberation Army...with the intention of overthrow ing that lu' advocates. I .einster 1 louse Parliament. We might have died alone, unremarked, unknown, Her Majesty's Government in Scotland, or with intent Republican movement and Clausewitz. But when armed of one Parliament. After all a terested in the Irish question And some does call it the hearts ease outlines the political and mil- date which suited the British Failures again and again of coercing Her Majesty's Government into the set- Ultimately tins book After all, the previous struggle cannot win, then needs to read this book. And if I could but this flower find, remains an holiest and m- -/tf v+m*^ r. But our Death and our Pain will not be in vain ting up of a separate government in Scotland." from fSSMRSf™' ima I would ease my heart and my troubled mind. rele\ ant iloi ument. the ... . 5' 'ifcijr&iX, And you crimes they will never be blurred the formal charge. new intr'

IRISH DEMOCRAT February 1994 page 6 IRISH DEMOCRAT February 1 9 9 4 page 7 ANONN IS ANALL: THE PETER BERRESEORD ELLIS COLUMN

In Gerona, Catalonia, Irish men and women raised their defence against Napoleon's invasion An Irish heroine of Spain

Brigade was celebrating the Lucy, sought permission from untiringly to the needs of the 1694, was a keen supporter of one hundreth anniversary of the Spanish High Command to defenders at the various points Spain's Irish Brigade and held its founding. organise a women's unit of attack. They brought much commmand in it. Spain threw In 1808 Napoleon of France which was designated as the needed water and brandy to down a diplomatic challenge had invaded Spain and Por- 12th Company but named the the fort of Montjuich and car- to England in 1747, while the tugal and placed his brother 'Company of Saint Barbara', ried back the wounded on lit- memory of the English defeat Joseph on the Spanish throne after the patron saint of gun- ters and in their arms. at the hands of France's Irish The Madrid rising of 'dos de ners. Lucy was elected by her Despising the dangers of shells Brigade at Fontenoy still mayo' marked the Spanish fellow women as their com- and bombs which rained about rankled, when Fernando VI peoples' fight against French mandant. This company of them without stop, they dis- appointed this Waterford man occupation. Napoleon poured Irish women, wives of the sol- played heroic zeal, charity and as Spain's ambassador to the 300,000 troops into the diers of the Ultonia Regiment, supreme courage. Lucy English court of St James. country. The Irish Brigade of were to take ammunition and Fitzgerald Commandant, One of the most successful the Spanish Army had already food to the troops and care for August 10,1809.' commanders of the'Spanish refused to recognise the the sick and wounded. Her It reads as an epitaph. Yet Irish Brigade was Field authority of Joseph Bonaparte personal courage under fire Lucy Fitzgerald neglected to Marhsal Count Alexander O'- and held allegiance to Fernan- became an inspiration to the state her own heroic role. Reilly, who was born at do VII. In their decision not to soldiers. No quarter was given when Baltrasna, Co. Meath, in 1722. surrender Gerona to the Lucy nursed the sick and the French finally pounded the In 1739 O'Reilly started his French and those Spanish wounded through the long garrison into the dust and career in the Hibernia Regi- place-seekers who had gone days of shelling by French artil- burst into the shattered walls ment. Rising to high rank in the over to Napoleon, the lery which took a regular toll of of Gerona. Spanish Army, he remodelled townspeople supported the soldiers, civilians and, indeed, The Ultonia Regiment was the Brigade on Prussian lines Ultonia Regiment's decision. the gallant Irish women alike. later officially disbanded in the in 1758 and took it to America The story of the Irish Yet Gerona did not surrender. aftermath of the Napoleonic where, in 1768, he captured defence of Gerona is not only a Wars but, until Franco's suc- Louisiana from the French. O'- tale of Irishmen fighting on cessful fascist military coup Reilly wound up as Governor some foreign battlef'eld, but it Entrapped against the democratic of Madrid and Captain- is more importantly the story Spanish Republic, the 23rd General of Andalusia. of an Irishwoman who led a Marshal of France, Pierre Regiment of Spanish Infantry, The Irish Brigade, and in band of Irishwomen in sup- Augereau, was infuriated with which was born from the particular, the Hibernia Regi- port of this battle for freedom. the stubborn resistance of this regiment's last muster, carried ment, were active among Sadly, however, Lucy hostile fortress on his line of on its flag the legend - 'lrlanda Spanish colonial possessions Fitzgerald, is neglected even supply and communication el Famoso'. in South America. Spain sup- by those who have been w ork- and decided to overwhelm it The regimental flag of the ported the American colonists ing on reestablishing the role by dispatching the renown Lt. Ultonia Regiment is now the in their war of independence of women in Irish history. She General, the Marquis Laurent town flag of Gerona. I wonder against England. The Hibernia is as praiseworthy, if nor more de Gouvion Saint-Cyr to if any enterprising Ulster town Regiment, then commanded T WAS a curious and dig- common enemy. We stand in so, as Florence Nightingale to reduce the town with 33,000 is aware of this and in the new by Colonel Art O'Neill, born in nified meeting. On May 12, silence here for two minutes in her English sisters in the men. Saint-Cyr sent General European scheme of things, Ireland in 1737, took part in the I1437, representatives from salute to the memory of Con- Crimean War. Jacques Duhesne to make a with 'town twinning' as the capture of the English fortress every unit of the XV (Interna- nolly, and to all our comrades The Ultonia Regiment was final demand for surrender fashion, has any Ulster town at Pensacola. tional Brigade) of the armv of who gave their lives in one of three regiments which from Colonel O'Kelly. 'twinned' with Gerona be- With Spain" becoming the Spanish Republic met Ireland's fight against oppres- constituted Spain's Irish Duhesne made clear that if cause of this historic connec- England's ally against under cover of a small hill bv sion, and to the workers of the Brigade. Originally there had resistance continued no tion? Napoleon, the Irish Brigade the River Jaramaa, south-east entire world who have died for been five regiments. The Ul- quarter would be given. On Thinking of the better found themselves allies of the of Madrid. They were being freedom.' tonia had been commissioned August 12, 1808, O'Kelly put known activities of the French 'old enemy'. constantly shelled as f ranco It was, sadly, not the first the position clearly to the on November 1, 1709, under Irish Brigade, it is often forgot- The Irish Brigade of the and his fascists on the other time that Irishmen and, in- townspeople and asked them command of Diarmuid Mac ten that the Spanish King Spanish Army took part in the side of the river began to deed, Irishwomen had fought to decide what their fate would Amhlaoibh. Felipe V (1700 - 1746), himself Spanish War of Liberation, tighten their grip around for the freedom of the Spanish be. He then replied to the Serving in 1809 with a Bourbon, decided that the which in English terms is Madrid. people against internal French: 'this town has taken its Colonel Anthony O'Kellv, a Royal Spanish Army could do called the Peninsular Cam- betrayal and foreign invasion; decision and we shall defend it At the end of that meeting a descendant of the Roscommon with such a unit. He commis- paign. The Hibernia Regiment not the first time that Ireland in the knowledge that we have resolution was read and family, were officers with sioned Don Reynaldo Mac- spearheaded the attack against shed blood on the soil of Spain. the means'. agreed bv those soldiers many famous Irish names; donnell to form it. the French Sixth Army and gathered at Jarama. It is roughly 250 miles to the Major Henry O'Donnell, Com- The French began a vicious On November 1, 1709, not drove them out of Galicia. The 'We of the lames Connolly north-east from that spot by mandant John O'Donovan, artillery assault. A diarist only did Mac Amhlaoibh's Ul- squares of the Hibernia Regi- Unit of the International the larama River to the town of Captains MacCar'hy, Sarsfield recorded: tonia Regiment come into exist- ment stood firm against the Brigade, alongside the (lerona in northern Catalonia. and Fitzgerald. T1 regiment's 'In the square of San Pedro ence but the Hibernia repeated attacks of 6,000 democratic forces in Spain Gerona is a small town which muster at Gerona /as 400 men, were the Irish women of the Regiment, commanded by the French cavalry during the bat- fighting against international gives its name to a small mostlv Irish born as well as company of St Barbara, noblest Marquis of Castlebar; the Irian- tle of Badajoz in 1811. Curious- fascism send revolutionary province in Catalonia. It had a some members of Irish exiled of their sex, who only moments da Regiment commanded by ly enough, my 4 x great-grand greetings to our comrades in strategic importance for it families, descendants of na before were filing under a rain John Wauchope; the Limerick father fought at Badajoz but in Ireland u ho are commemorat- dominated one of the main CmiHii [Hue (tltf Wild Gccsi'J, of shells, bombs and grenades Regiment commanded by Due the English army and the fami- ing the 2 1 st anniversary ol the routes from France into north- Some 6,000 French troops to administer to the needs of de Vendome, a royal relative of ly still has a letter from him dealt? of lames C onriolK , mm ern Spain. Back in AD 785, had besieged the town for the defenders; with the silent Felipe, and the Waterford Regi- describing the battle written a tiered on 12th Ma\, Nlh. In t harlemagne, in his conquest eight months with littlesua ess eloquence of example, more ment commanded by Colonel few days later. the tones o I liri 11 sh i in - ot Catalonia, had to take against the defenders. But persuasive than anv words, Comerford. Sadly, however, the Hiber- perialism We, together with ( .erona first. Its importance Napoleon was dominating they communicated their spirit Felipe decreed that all of- nia Regiment found itself com rades 11 om .ill jjSt er the had long been recognised and every where, overrunning Por- and courage to the soldiers; in ficers in the regiments were to facing Napoleon's Irish worId, pledge iuirsi•Ives ti1 tile its cathedral was one ot the tuguese and Spanish garrisons their arms thev carried the be Irish or ol Irish origin 'to Legion, the reformed French international strugglr against three largest in 14th Century and driving the new allies of wounded to the blood covered give the young men of the Irish Irish Brigade. Irishmen fought the internallonal em m\ tas- ( fiiistendom, boasting the Spain and Portugal - in the floors of the hospital. Certainly nobility the opportunity of fol- Irishmen at Badajoz. eism u idest vaulted nave of anv shape ot an English armv com- (ieroiw was that day the abode lowing the honourable career cathedral. It was after the Napoleonic 'We tight the eneniv here in manded by two Anglo-Irish- of heroines.' of arms.' Wars that the Irish Brigades of Spslm today, know ing that In In 1809 the fortress of men, Sir )ohn Moore and I ord I.ucv Fitzgerald's last By the end of the century all European armies were dis- detending it |su | here Ireland Montjuich, which protected Wi'liam Beresford - back to the report toSpanish headquarters4 the Irish Brigade had been cut banded. But Irishmen con- will be spared the horrors the peaceful little town, was sea ports. I his was just before was dated August 10, just two down to liuee regiments, the tinued to rise in prominence in \\ hu li fascism inllu ts on the garrisoned bv 400 Irish sol- the Dublin born, Arthur Wel- davs before the terrible I lihernia, Ultonia and Irlanda, Spai n. None more so than an people it dominates W e salute diers and their wives. Ihese leslev (later Duke of Wel- slaughter. It is in the Areliii'o each containing between 480 officer named Leopold O'- our com ratios at home who are Irish soldiers were members of lington ) arrived to take General, Simonaii. in the Ar- and 600 men. Most of the men Donnell, a descendant of the t arming on the struggle the Ultonia (Ulster) Regiment command of all troops in the cliii'o del Re^iiuenlo Infnntcra were recruited in Ireland and earls of Tyrconnell, who not against imperialism, native ot Spain's Irish Brigade, com- Iberian peninsular. Mortem* 120- Ullonin No 59. were Irish born. only received the title Duke of and British, and we call for a manded by Colonel Anthony During this time, Captain 'All ranks behaved with Major-General Richard Tetuan but became Prime Min- closing of the ranks against the (VKelly. That year Spain's Irish Patricio Fitzgerald's wife, distinction. They administered Wall, born in Waterford in ister of Spain from 1859-1868.

IRISH DEMOCRAT February 1994 page 8