The Future of Vertical Flight September 9, 2013
Mike Hirschberg Executive Director AHS International The Vertical Flight Technical Society www.vtol.org
. About AHS International
– Resources
– Initiatives
– Education
. Technologies for the Future
. Summary
2 www.vtol.org . A charitable educational society working to advance technology . World’s premier professional vertical flight technical society . Expands knowledge about vertical flight technology and promotes its application around the world . Advances rotorcraft safety . Advocates for vertical flight R&D funding . Helps train the next generation of vertical flight leaders . Benefits all helicopter operations – commercial, private and military 3 www.vtol.org . 6,200 individual members – 1,300 members outside the U.S. . 28 Chapters – US, Canada, Europe, Australia, Asia . 75+ Corporate Members – OEMs, subsystems, suppliers, etc . 28 Educational Members – Universities, libraries, etc CFD simulation of Eurocopter Dauphin in forward flight . 11 Student Chapters Courtesy of ONERA – Student-led activities at rotorcraft universities; scholarships; HPH . 21 Technical Committees – Topic areas from Acoustics to Safety to Unmanned Rotorcraft . Annual Forum + 6-8 technical Specialists’ Meetings per year . 70 years of technical documentation – 200,000 pages of publications – over 75% now online 4 www.vtol.org
More than 6,200 members worldwide in 28 chapters
Canada Europe 355 449 USA Turkey China 4,965 Japan 36 4 Korea 143 Africa 20 4 India 55 Singapore S. America 35 3 Australia 80
Active Chapter Proposed Chapter
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Publication PDFs Pages Initial Online Completed Journal of the AHS 1,600 25,000 2009 2009 Vertiflite magazine (800 issues) 800 25,000 Jan 2012 Nov 2012 AHS Forum Proceedings 5,500 75,000 March 2012 Dec 2012 Specialists Meeting proceedings 6,000 75,000 May 2012 2013 Total: 200,000
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. Annual Forum attracts 1200 engineers, scientists and leaders from industry, academia and governments . Helicopter manufacturer CEOs/VPs/engineers, military leaders, researchers, etc . ~225 technical papers . ~35 panelists . ~65 exhibitors . Grand Awards Banquet . Short courses & industry tours 70th Annual Forum is May 20-22, 2014 in Montreal 11 www.vtol.org Jan 22-24, 2013 Unmanned Systems Scottsdale, AZ Feb 11-13, 2013 Airworthiness, CBM, HUMS Huntsville, AL May 21-23, 2013 69th Annual Forum Phoenix, Arizona July 16-17, 2013 RotorTech Asia Pacific * Singapore August 12-14, 2013 Int’l Powered Lift Conference * Los Angeles, CA Aug 28-29, 2013 Research, Test & Evaluation Patuxent River, MD Sep 2-6, 2013 European Rotorcraft Forum * Moscow, Russia Sep 8-11, 2013 Asian Rotorcraft Forum * Tianjin, China Oct 29-31, 2013 Structures & Survivability Williamsburg, VA Jan 22-24, 2014 Aeromechanics San Francisco, CA Feb 17-19, 2014 Handling Qualities Huntsville, AL May 20-22, 2014 70th Annual Forum Montreal, Canada
* co-sponsors 12 www.vtol.org . After recognizing rising helicopter accidents, in 2005 AHS International initiated a series of conferences . International Helicopter Safety Symposium (2005) – AHS Montreal-Ottawa Chapter . Formed the International Helicopter Safety Team (IHST) – Joint industry/government initiative begun in 2006 – Initial goal to reach 80% accident reduction by 2016 – Ultimate goal to reach Zero Accidents – Co-chaired by U.S. FAA and Helicopter Association Int’l (HAI) – www.ihst.org
13 www.vtol.org . Initiating an effort to reduce helicopter noise complaints to broaden market appeal 1. Reduce Generated Helicopter Noise (Manufacturers) 2. Reduce Received Helicopter Noise (Operators) 3. Reduce Perceived Helicopter Annoyance (Public Relations) . Kick-off at Forum 69 with HAI, NASA, OEMs, etc. – Developing follow-up plans – Specialists’ Meeting in 2015 on environmental concerns
14 www.vtol.org . Vertical Flight Foundation (VFF) – 20 awardees annually of ~ $2,500 each . 30th Annual Student Design Competition – Schools from all over the world design advanced rotorcraft to demand requirements . MAV Student Challenge – 5 universities at kick-off competition at Forum – Advancing technology & autonomy . Pre-College (STEM) outreach – Developing curricula and training materials – Middle School “Classroom Ambassadors” – High School Video Competition – National Vertical Lift Robotics Competition . AHS Human Powered Helicopter Competition
– 3 teams: U. Maryland, Cal Poly, U. Toronto/AeroVelo 15 www.vtol.org . Annual competition among world’s engineering schools – Challenges students to design VTOL aircraft meeting specified requirements – Provides a practical exercise for engineering students . Rotates sponsorship between OEMs – Eurocopter (2013), AgustaWestland (2014), Boeing, Bell and Sikorsky . Recent winning schools: – Australia: Royal Melbourne Institute of Technology – China: Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics – India: Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Ramaiah Institute of Technology, Auden Technology and Management Academy – Israel: Technion – Israel Institute of Technology – Turkey: Middle East Technical University, Istanbul Technical University – UK: University of Liverpool – US: Georgia Institute of Technology, Pennsylvania State University, Rensselear Polytechnic Institute, University of Maryland, Texas A&M 16 www.vtol.org
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18 www.vtol.org Georgia Tech (US) and Univ. Liverpool (UK)
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U. Maryland (US) Penn State (US)
Graduate Undergraduate
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21 www.vtol.org . AHS initiated the Igor I. Sikorsky Human Powered Helicopter Competition in 1980 – $25,000 prize . Many attempts in 1980s and 90s – Only Cal Poly in California and Nihon University in Japan flew – No flying aircraft after 1994 . 2009, Sikorsky Aircraft pledged $250,000 – generated a lot more interest . Three recent flying HPH aircraft – University of Maryland “Gamera II” – Maryland, USA – AeroVelo “Atlas” – Toronto, Canada – Cal Poly “Upturn II” – California, USA 22 www.vtol.org
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25 www.vtol.org . AHS International is the world’s premier vertical flight technical society . We are the global resource for information on vertical flight technology . We provide global leadership for scientific, technical, educational and legislative initiatives that advance the state-of-the-art of vertical flight . We do things that matter for the future of vertical flight . Get involved! . Become a member, help start a local chapter, join a technical committee, network, etc. . Help provide leadership for the advancement of vertical flight
Go to www.vtol.org to join today!
26 Advanced Technologies for Rotorcraft www.vtol.org . New manufacturing methods – Lean, Automation, RF ID, 3D Printing . Advanced composites – Unitized Composite Structures – Automated Fiber Placement . Advanced engines – high P/W, low sfc, low emissions . Advanced transmissions – high efficiency/low weight . Biofuels/reduced carbon footprint . Increased flight automation
Many fertile areas being explored for potential
28 Unmanned Technologies www.vtol.org
Lockheed Martin/Kaman Eurocopter Unmanned K-Max Unmanned EC145
Boeing Unmanned Little Bird 29 www.vtol.org . New design tools (e.g. CFD/CSD) . Advanced configurations . Variable rotor speed . Low noise blades . High performance rotors . Active/adaptive rotors . Swashplateless hub . Fly-by-wire flight controls
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31 www.vtol.org . Taking advantage of latest improvements – Aerodynamic design, fly-by-wire, advanced composites – Need to reduce cost and improve affordability – Increased productivity – Lean Manufacturing/Cost of Quality – Life Cycle Cost/environmental impact – Safety/crashworthiness
32 www.vtol.org . V-22 only new U.S. military rotorcraft design fielded in past 30 years . All other deployed designs are 30-50 years old – UH-1 Huey first flight 1956; Chinook 1961; Black Hawk 1975; Apache 1976 – Many 1960s airframes are still flying – No clean-sheet designs
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. Performance shortfalls – Speed, range, payload, endurance, altitude . Unexploited autonomy/collaboration – Significantly increased mission effectiveness remains untapped . Unacceptable survivability & situational awareness shortfalls – Safety and threat losses, no common air or cockpit picture . Costly sustainment – Supportability, maintainability, reliability and availability
12 years of conflict and DoD studies reveal significant areas for improvement
34 Joint Multi-Role (JMR) www.vtol.org
AVX Aircraft Co.
Bell Helicopter Boeing/Sikorsky 35 Sikorsky X2 Demonstrator www.vtol.org
Achieved top speed of 467 km/h (252 kt) in September 2010 36 www.vtol.org
Sikorsky S-69 ABC Sikorsky X2
First Flight 1973 First Flight 2008 . High vibration (6 blades) . Active vibration control (8 blades) . Lightweight composites, . High weight advanced transmission . 4 engines . 1 engine, integrated propulsion . New airfoils/design methods, . Poor aircraft lift-to-drag Low drag . High workload . Fly-by-wire, FADEC
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S-91 mock-up on display at AHS 67th Annual Forum (2011) 38 www.vtol.org
Set top speed of 472 km/h (255 kt) in June 2013 39 www.vtol.org
Fuselage: 365 N3 Dauphin 2 Prototype Rotor: EC155 Main Gearbox: EC175 Engines: NH90 (RTM322)
“50% faster than conventional helicopters for 10-20% increased production and operating costs”
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41 www.vtol.org Mil Mi-X1
Mil MRVK
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Ka-92 Ka-102
UVK X-Ka
43 Avicopter Compounds/Tiltrotor www.vtol.org Airshow China 2012 - Zhuhai, Nov 2012 China Helicopter Expo - Tianjin, Sep 2013
Avicopter Jueying Avicopter Bateleur
Avicopter Avant Courier Avicopter “Blue Whale” 44 www.vtol.org . JV with ZhongXin Group to build in Wuhai City, Inner Mongolia, China
SparrowHawk (2003) Hawk 4 (2000)
Heliplane concept ArrowHawk concept 45 www.vtol.org
CarterCopter Carter PAV
Carter/Textron concept for unmanned cargo and surveillance 46 www.vtol.org
Lockheed Martin/ Piasecki concept
Textron/Carter concept
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Rotor Blades Extended
Helicopter Mode
Blades Retracted
Fixed-Wing Mode
48 12 ft Wind Tunnel Model www.vtol.org Hub and retraction system
8-piece disc fairing Telescoping blades
Fairing frame Balance and upper controls
BART test rig
49 Avicopter Platypus www.vtol.org
50 Future Possibilities www.vtol.org
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. Future holds tremendous promise and excitement . AHS is the world’s premier vertical flight technical society – We provide leadership for the advancement of vertical flight and are the global resource for information on vertical flight technology – Help move vertical flight forward! . Many innovative ideas for next generation technologies – Advances in manufacturing, aerodynamics, analysis, design, etc – Asia Pacific companies can get involved with technology development and manufacturing . High speed concepts being studied around the world – Compounds, tiltrotors, slowed rotors, etc.
AHS works to advance the state-of-the-art – Get involved! 52