ESTHER DUFLO September 2021
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Benjamin A. Olken
B ENJAMIN A. O LKEN MIT Department of Economics, 50 Memorial Drive, Cambridge MA 02142 (617) 253-6833 email: [email protected] web: econ-www.mit.edu/faculty/bolken Date of Birth: April 1975 Education 2004 Ph.D., Economics, Harvard University 1997 B.A. summa cum laude, Ethics, Politics, and Economics; Mathematics, Yale University Employment 2008 – present Associate Professor of Economics (with tenure), Department of Economics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology 2010 – 2011 Visiting Associate Professor of Economics, University of Chicago Booth School 2005 – 2008 Junior Fellow, Harvard Society of Fellows 2004 – 2005 Health and Aging Post-Doctoral Fellow, National Bureau of Economic Research 2001 – 2008 Consultant, The World Bank, Jakarta Office 1998 – 1999 Business Analyst, McKinsey and Company, New York 1997 – 1998 Luce Scholar in Economic Policy, The Castle Group, Jakarta Other Affiliations 2010 – present Co-Chair of Governance Initiative and Member of Board of Directors Executive Committe, Jameel Poverty Actio1n Lab (J-PAL) 2010 – present Fellow, Bureau for Economic Analysis of Development (BREAD) 2009 – present Research Associate, National Bureau of Economic Research (NBER) 2006 – present Research Affiliate, Centre for Economic Policy Research (CEPR) 2005 – 2010 Member, Jameel Poverty Action Lab (J-PAL) 2006 – 2010 Affiliate, Bureau for Economic Analysis of Development (BREAD) 2005 – 2009 Faculty Research Fellow, National Bureau of Economic Research (NBER) 2005 – 2008 Visiting Scholar, MIT Department of Economics and Poverty Action Lab -
The Influence of Randomized Controlled Trials on Development Economics Research and on Development Policy
The Influence of Randomized Controlled Trials on Development Economics Research and on Development Policy Paper prepared for “The State of Economics, The State of the World” Conference proceedings volume Abhijit Vinayak Banerjee Esther Duflo Michael Kremer12 September 11, 2016 Many (though by no means all) of the questions that development economists and policymakers ask themselves are causal in nature: What would be the impact of adding computers in classrooms? What is the price elasticity of demand for preventive health products? Would increasing interest rates lead to an increase in default rates? Decades ago, the statistician Fisher proposed a method to answer such causal questions: Randomized Controlled Trials (RCT) (Fisher, 1925). In an RCT, the assignment of different units to different treatment groups is chosen randomly. This insures that no unobservable characteristics of the units is reflected in the assignment, and hence that any difference between treatment and control units reflects the impact of the treatment. While the idea is simple, the implementation in the field can be more involved, and it took some time before randomization was considered to be a practical tool for answering questions in social science research in general, and in development economics more specifically. 1 Abhijit Banerjee and Esther Duflo are in the department of economics at MIT and co-director of J-PAL Michael Kremer is in the department of economics at Harvard and serves as part-time Scientific Director of Development Innovation Ventures at USAID, which has also funded research by both Banerjee and Duflo. The views expressed in this document reflect the personal opinions of the author and are entirely the author’s own. -
Understanding Development and Poverty Alleviation
14 OCTOBER 2019 Scientific Background on the Sveriges Riksbank Prize in Economic Sciences in Memory of Alfred Nobel 2019 UNDERSTANDING DEVELOPMENT AND POVERTY ALLEVIATION The Committee for the Prize in Economic Sciences in Memory of Alfred Nobel THE ROYAL SWEDISH ACADEMY OF SCIENCES, founded in 1739, is an independent organisation whose overall objective is to promote the sciences and strengthen their influence in society. The Academy takes special responsibility for the natural sciences and mathematics, but endeavours to promote the exchange of ideas between various disciplines. BOX 50005 (LILLA FRESCATIVÄGEN 4 A), SE-104 05 STOCKHOLM, SWEDEN TEL +46 8 673 95 00, [email protected] WWW.KVA.SE Scientific Background on the Sveriges Riksbank Prize in Economic Sciences in Memory of Alfred Nobel 2019 Understanding Development and Poverty Alleviation The Committee for the Prize in Economic Sciences in Memory of Alfred Nobel October 14, 2019 Despite massive progress in the past few decades, global poverty — in all its different dimensions — remains a broad and entrenched problem. For example, today, more than 700 million people subsist on extremely low incomes. Every year, five million children under five die of diseases that often could have been prevented or treated by a handful of proven interventions. Today, a large majority of children in low- and middle-income countries attend primary school, but many of them leave school lacking proficiency in reading, writing and mathematics. How to effectively reduce global poverty remains one of humankind’s most pressing questions. It is also one of the biggest questions facing the discipline of economics since its very inception. -
Ec 1530 Reading List Becker Chapters 1 and 2 J. Angrist and A
Ec 1530 Reading List Becker Chapters 1 and 2 J. Angrist and A. Krueger "Instrumental variables and the search for identification: From supply and demand to natural experiments" J of Economic Perspectives 15(4):69‐85 2001 Banerjee and Duflo, 2011, Chapters 1 and 2 Pitt, Mark, "Food Preferences and Nutrition in Rural Bangladesh," Review of Economics and Statistics, February 1983, 105‐114. [JSTOR] Jensen, Robert and Nolan Miller (2008). “Giffen Behavior and Subsistence Consumption,” American Economic Review, 98(4), p. 1553 − 1577. [jstor] M. Ravallion, "The performance of rice markets in Bangladesh during the 1974 famine", Oxford Economic Journal 95 (377): 15‐29 A.D. Foster, "Prices, Credit Constraints, and Child Growth in Rural Bangladesh", Economic. Journal, 105(430): 551‐570, May 1995 JM Cunha, G DeGiorgi, S Jayachandran, NBER 17456The Price Effects of Cash Versus In‐Kind Transfers Banerjee and Duflo, Chapter 3 'Bliss, Christopher and N.H. Stern, "Productivity, Wages and Nutrition, Part I Journal of Development Economics, 1978, 331‐398. [E‐journal] J. Strauss, "Does better nutrion raise farm productivity", JPE, 94(2) 297‐320. Foster, Andrew D. and Mark R. Rosenzweig, "A Test for Moral Hazard in the Labor Market: Contractual Arrangements, Effort and Health," Review of Economic and Statistics, May 1994, 213‐227. [JSTOR] Banerjee and Duflo Chapter 4 Andrew Foster and Mark Rosenzweig, "Technical change and human capital returns and investments: Evidence from the Green Revoloution", American Economic Review 86(4): 931‐53 [jstor] Esther Duflo "Schooling and labor market consequences of school construction in Indonesia: Evidence from an unusual policy experement", American Economic Review 91(4):795‐813 [jstor] Jensen, Robert (2010). -
Rohini Pande
ROHINI PANDE 27 Hillhouse Avenue 203.432.3637(w) PO Box 208269 [email protected] New Haven, CT 06520-8269 https://campuspress.yale.edu/rpande EDUCATION 1999 Ph.D., Economics, London School of Economics 1995 M.Sc. in Economics, London School of Economics (Distinction) 1994 MA in Philosophy, Politics and Economics, Oxford University 1992 BA (Hons.) in Economics, St. Stephens College, Delhi University PROFESSIONAL EXPERIENCE ACADEMIC POSITIONS 2019 – Henry J. Heinz II Professor of Economics, Yale University 2018 – 2019 Rafik Hariri Professor of International Political Economy, Harvard Kennedy School, Harvard University 2006 – 2017 Mohammed Kamal Professor of Public Policy, Harvard Kennedy School, Harvard University 2005 – 2006 Associate Professor of Economics, Yale University 2003 – 2005 Assistant Professor of Economics, Yale University 1999 – 2003 Assistant Professor of Economics, Columbia University VISITING POSITIONS April 2018 Ta-Chung Liu Distinguished Visitor at Becker Friedman Institute, UChicago Spring 2017 Visiting Professor of Economics, University of Pompeu Fabra and Stanford Fall 2010 Visiting Professor of Economics, London School of Economics Spring 2006 Visiting Associate Professor of Economics, University of California, Berkeley Fall 2005 Visiting Associate Professor of Economics, Columbia University 2002 – 2003 Visiting Assistant Professor of Economics, MIT CURRENT PROFESSIONAL ACTIVITIES AND SERVICES 2019 – Director, Economic Growth Center Yale University 2019 – Co-editor, American Economic Review: Insights 2014 – IZA -
Randomized Controlled Experiments to End Poverty? a Sociotechnical Analysis
Anthropologie & développement 46-47 | 2017 Mythes sociotechniques et développement Randomized Controlled Experiments to End Poverty? A Sociotechnical Analysis Nassima Abdelghafour Electronic version URL: http://journals.openedition.org/anthropodev/611 DOI: 10.4000/anthropodev.611 ISSN: 2553-1719 Publisher Presses universitaires de Louvain Printed version Date of publication: 1 December 2017 Number of pages: 235-262 ISBN: 979-10-93476-05-6 ISSN: 2276-2019 Electronic reference Nassima Abdelghafour, « Randomized Controlled Experiments to End Poverty? », Anthropologie & développement [Online], 46-47 | 2017, Online since 01 June 2018, connection on 10 December 2020. URL : http://journals.openedition.org/anthropodev/611 ; DOI : https://doi.org/10.4000/anthropodev. 611 La revue Anthropologie & développement est mise à disposition selon les termes de la Licence Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International. Randomized Controlled Experiments to End Poverty? A Sociotechnical Analysis Nassima Abdelghafour Lepietatio alatoie ou essai adois otôl E‘C est ue thode daluatio ispie des essais liiues, taspose à looie du deloppeet au dut des aes 2000. Rapidement devenue populaire, cette méthode est promue comme « ltalo-or » de laluatio dipat. Cet atile eaie u des peies E‘C, aluat lipat su lasetise solaie du traitement vermifuge administré aux élèves dans une région rurale du Kenya. À taes ltude de e as, il sagit de ette e idee les poessus pa lesuels les E‘C siposet oe ue patiue daluatio iotouale. E isistat su la podutio de résultats statistiquement non biaisés, les économistes défendant les E‘C disualifiet les autes thodes daluatio dipat, et aetuet lipotae disole lipat ausal due iteetio de leffet dautes fateus. Le tpe de peues poduites pa les E‘C egage aisi u ode dogaisation des pratiques de lutte contre la pauvreté fondé sur la mise en compétition des interventions. -
Development Economics Fall 2015 Economics 2390 Monday and Wednesday 1:00-2:30Pm Class Location: Sever Hall 102 Version: September 2, 2015
Development Economics Fall 2015 Economics 2390 Monday and Wednesday 1:00-2:30pm Class Location: Sever Hall 102 Version: September 2, 2015 Michael Kremer M-20, Littauer Center Department of Economics [email protected] Office Hours: Mondays 4:00-5:00 Email Jeanne Winner [email protected] for appointment Shawn Cole 271 Baker Library, HBS [email protected] Office Hours: By appointment (please email Brian O’Connor: [email protected]) Teaching Assistant: Jack Willis [email protected] Skype: Jack.J.Willis Office Hours: TBA Prerequisites: This will be a technical class and non-Ph.D. students are not permitted to enroll. Ph.D. students are required to have taken or be concurrently taking PhD level microeconomics and econometrics. If you are not a Ph.D. student in economics or public policy then please contact us before enrolling. This class contributes to the fulfillment of requirements for the Development field for Economics Ph.D. students Broad Overview: This class is intended to teach the foundations for doing research in Development Economics. As such it will teach in detail empirical methods and theoretical models which are applied widely across the discipline. Part 1 (taught by Michael Kremer) will set the scene for the class. It will begin with a look at global differences in living standards and then present classical empirical work in macro development which attempts to quantify the roles of differences in capital, human capital and productivity. Next the class will focus in on capital and introduce a research agenda which aims to bridge the gap between growth theory and modern micro development research. -
Philippe Aghion
CURRICULUM VITAE (last updated March 2018) Name: Philippe Aghion Address: College de France 3 rue d Ulm 75005 Paris France Email: [email protected] [email protected] [email protected] Date of Birth: August 17, 1956 Place of Birth: Paris, France Education: 1976-80 Ecole Normale Supérieure de Cachan, Mathematics Section 1981 Diplome d’Etudes Approfondies d’Economie Mathématique, Université de Paris I 1983 Doctorat de 3éme cycle d’Economie Mathématique, Université de Paris I- Pantheon-Sorbonne 1987 Ph.D. Harvard University (Economics) Professional Experience: 1986-87 Sloan Foundation Dissertation Fellowship 1987-89 Assistant Professor, Massachusetts Institute of Technology 1989- Chargé de Recherches au Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique 1990-1992 Deputy Chief Economist, EBRD (London) 1992-96 Official Fellow, Nuffield College (Oxford) 1992-2000 Research Co-ordinator, EBRD (London) 1996-2002 Professor of Economics, University College London (UCL) 2000-2002 Professor of Economics, Harvard University 2002- 2015 Robert C. Waggoner Professor of Economics, Harvard University 2015- Professor at College de France, Chair entitled “Institutions, Innovation, et Croissance” 2009-2015 Invited Professor, Institute of International Economic Studies, Stockholm 2015- Centennial Professor of Economics, London School of Economics 2018-2020 Visiting Professor, Department of Economics, Harvard University Other Professional Positions or Appointments: 1991-97 Associate Editor, Review of Economic Studies 1992- Managing Editor, -
Sendhil Mullainathan [email protected]
Sendhil Mullainathan [email protected] _____________________________________________________________________________________ Education HARVARD UNIVERSITY, CAMBRIDGE, MA, 1993-1998 PhD in Economics Dissertation Topic: Essays in Applied Microeconomics Advisors: Drew Fudenberg, Lawrence Katz, and Andrei Shleifer CORNELL UNIVERSITY, ITHACA, NY, 1990-1993 B.A. in Computer Science, Economics, and Mathematics, magna cum laude Fields of Interest Behavioral Economics, Poverty, Applied Econometrics, Machine Learning Professional Affiliations UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO Roman Family University Professor of Computation and Behavioral Science, January 1, 2019 to present. University Professor, Professor of Computational and Behavioral Science, and George C. Tiao Faculty Fellow, Booth School of Business, July 1, 2018 to December 31, 2018. HARVARD UNIVERSITY Robert C Waggoner Professor of Economics, 2015 to 2018. Affiliate in Computer Science, Harvard John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, July 1, 2016 to 2018. Professor of Economics, 2004 (September) to 2015. UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO Visiting Professor, Booth School of Business, 2016-17. MASSACHUSETTS INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY Mark Hyman Jr. Career Development Associate Professor, 2002-2004 Mark Hyman Jr. Career Development Assistant Professor, 2000-2002 Assistant Professor, 1998- 2000 SELECTED AFFILIATIONS Co - Founder and Senior Scientific Director, ideas42 Research Associate, National Bureau of Economic Research Founding Member, Poverty Action Lab Member, American Academy of Arts -
The Neumann Lecture (By Prof. Glenn C. Loury, Brown University)*
The Neumann Lecture (by Prof. Glenn C. Loury, Brown University)* My lecture tonight will be about race and racial inequality in the United States. I will try to give you some idea of what I think I'm contributing to the study of this subject in my work. In order to do that I need to give some background, to create something of an intellectual context into which my work will fit. Indeed, I will begin by describing some aspects of the work of last year's von Neumann laureate – the renowned economist Gary S. Becker of the University of Chicago, who has addressed himself over the past few decades to related questions. Then I will try to convince you that my ideas extend and amplify and deepen Becker’s work. But I don't think it will be enough just to talk about my ideas. I think one also has to talk about what might be done about this situation – about the politics and the morality, the social morality, the social ethics that are raised by this question of social division, of “race,” within a society. I am aware that here in Hungary you know something about this question. I spent some time just today with the Minister of Equal Opportunities and her staff discussing the Roma question, and nationalities questions, and inequality questions that pertain to Hungary. I don't know very much about those things and I won't be speaking about those things directly here. I will be talking about the United States, which is the case that I know best. -
Matthew O. Jackson
Matthew O. Jackson Department of Economics Stanford University Stanford, CA 94305-6072 (650) 723-3544, fax: 725-5702, [email protected] http://www.stanford.edu/ jacksonm/ ⇠ Personal: Born 1962. Married to Sara Jackson. Daughters: Emilie and Lisa. Education: Ph.D. in Economics from the Graduate School of Business, Stanford Uni- versity, 1988. Bachelor of Arts in Economics, Summa Cum Laude, Phi Beta Kappa, Princeton University, 1984. Full-Time Appointments: 2008-present, William D. Eberle Professor of Economics, Stanford Univer- sity. 2006-2008, Professor of Economics, Stanford University. 2002-2006, Edie and Lew Wasserman Professor of Economics, California Institute of Technology. 1997-2002, Professor of Economics, California Institute of Technology. 1996-1997, IBM Distinguished Professor of Regulatory and Competitive Practices MEDS department (Managerial Economics and Decision Sci- ences), Kellogg Graduate School of Management, Northwestern Univer- sity. 1995-1996, Mechthild E. Nemmers Distinguished Professor MEDS, Kellogg Graduate School of Management, Northwestern University. 1993-1994 , Professor (MEDS), Kellogg Graduate School of Management, Northwestern University. 1991-1993, Associate Professor (MEDS), Kellogg Graduate School of Man- agement, Northwestern University. 1988-1991, Assistant Professor, (MEDS), Kellogg Graduate School of Man- agement, Northwestern University. Honors : Jean-Jacques La↵ont Prize, Toulouse School of Economics 2020. President, Game Theory Society, 2020-2022, Exec VP 2018-2020. Game Theory Society Fellow, elected 2017. John von Neumann Award, Rajk L´aszl´oCollege, 2015. Member of the National Academy of Sciences, elected 2015. Honorary Doctorate (Doctorat Honoris Causa), Aix-Marseille Universit´e, 2013. Dean’s Award for Distinguished Teaching in Humanities and Sciences, Stanford, 2013. Distinguished Teaching Award: Stanford Department of Economics, 2012. -
Escaping the Climate Trap? Values, Technologies, and Politics∗
Escaping the Climate Trap? Values, Technologies, and Politics Tim Besleyyand Torsten Perssonz November 2020 Abstract It is widely acknowledged that reducing the emissions of green- house gases is almost impossible without radical changes in consump- tion and production patterns. This paper examines the interdependent roles of changing environmental values, changing technologies, and the politics of environmental policy, in creating sustainable societal change. Complementarities that emerge naturally in our framework may generate a “climate trap,”where society does not transit towards lifestyles and technologies that are more friendly to the environment. We discuss a variety of forces that make the climate trap more or less avoidable, including lobbying by firms, private politics, motivated scientists, and (endogenous) subsidies to green innovation. We are grateful for perceptive comments by Philippe Aghion, David Baron, Xavier Jaravel, Bård Harstad, Elhanan Helpman, Gilat Levy, Linus Mattauch, and Jean Tirole, as well as participants in a Tsinghua University seminar, and LSE and Hong Kong University webinars. We also thank Azhar Hussain for research assistance. Financial support from the ERC and the Swedish Research Council is gratefully acknowledged. yLSE, [email protected]. zIIES, Stockholm University, [email protected] 1 1 Introduction What will it take to bring about the fourth industrial revolution that may be needed to save the planet? Such a revolution would require major structural changes in production as well as consumption patterns. Firms would have to invest on a large scale in technologies that generate lower greenhouse gas emissions, and households would have to consume goods that produce lower emissions. Already these observations suggest that the required transformation can be reinforced by a key complementarity, akin to the one associated with so- called platform technologies (Rochet and Tirole 2003).