Prepared For: WILDLIFE and WILDLIFE HABITAT SURVEY

Prepared for: WILDLIFE AND WILDLIFE HABITAT SURVEY

Terasen Pipelines FOR THE TERASEN PIPELINES (TRANS (Trans Mountain) Inc. Calgary, Alberta MOUNTAIN) INC. TRANS MOUNTAIN PUMP STATION EXPANSION PROJECT

Prepared by:

TERA Environmental Consultants Suite 1100, 815 ‐ 8th Avenue S.W. Calgary, Alberta T2P 3P2

Westland Resource Group Inc. #203, 830 Shamrock Street Victoria, BC V8X 2V1

June 2005 3710 Terasen Pipelines (Trans Mountain) Inc. Wildlife Survey Trans Mountain Pump Station Expansion Project June 2005 / 3710

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

With the Trans Mountain Pump Station Expansion Project (the ʺProjectʺ) Terasen Pipelines (Trans Mountain) Inc. (ʺTerasen Pipelinesʺ) proposes to increase the capacity of its existing National Energy Board (NEB) regulated oil pipeline system (the Trans Mountain pipeline or Trans Mountain) to meet growing shipper demand. The Project involves modifications to three existing stations (Edmonton (KP 0.0), Kamloops (KP 822.9) and Kingsvale (KP 924.8)), construction of seven new stations on existing lands owned by Terasen Pipelines (Stony Plain (KP 49.5), Hinton (KP 317.7), Rearguard (KP 476.8), Blackpool (KP 709.9), Merritt (KP 900.8), Hope (KP 1011.8) and Wahleach (KP 1045.9) and construction of five new pump stations on lands to be acquired by Terasen Pipelines at Chip (KP 147.1), Finn (KP 612.5), Stump (KP 862.7), Juliet (KP 949.8) and Port Kells (KP 1124.3). Four of the 15 pump stations are located in Alberta and 11 are located in British Columbia within commercial/industrial, agricultural or forested settings. Construction at the pump station sites is scheduled to commence in early 2006, and extend until December 2006 depending on the site and scope of Project activities.

Wildlife and wildlife habitat surveys were conducted at 12 pump station sites between April 4 and May 18, 2005. Surveys were not conducted at the three upgrades sites since they are on existing industrial sites and there will be no ground disturbance. Wildlife use and habitat feature information was recorded at all the pump station sites. The habitat resource values of all sites, with the exception of the Stump site, have been diminished by past industrial use such as agriculture, forestry or gravel extraction.

Wildlife species of special status were found within the Hinton Pump Station local study area (KP 317.7). The long‐toed salamander, a species of management concern in Alberta, was found on the existing pump station site and the western/boreal toad was also found within the 2 km local study area surrounding the Hinton Pump Station site.

The Stump Pump Station site (KP 862.7) is a Ponderosa Pine (PP) – Interior Douglas‐fir (IDF) Biogeoclimatic (BGC) transition zone, east of Merritt, BC. This site has the highest wildlife habitat value of the 12 sites examined. However, no wildlife species at risk, of special status or of management concern were found at the site.

For the remaining pump station sites, there were no wildlife species of concern or species at risk listed under Schedule 1 of the Species at Risk Act identified during the survey. In addition, there were no site‐specific habitats including mineral licks, large snags, ephemeral wetlands or watercourses, rock outcrops, burrows or dens, wildlife trees with cavities or stick nests or other important habitat features identified within the pump station footprints.

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TABLE OF CONTENTS Page EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ...... i

1.0 REPORT SUMMARY...... 1‐1

2.0 INTRODUCTION...... 2‐1

3.0 METHODS ...... 3‐1 3.1 Project Boundaries ...... 3‐1 3.2 Literature Review...... 3‐1 3.3 Data Collection ...... 3‐2 4.0 PUMP STATION WILDLIFE AND WILDLIFE HABITAT survey ...... 4‐1 4.1 Stony Plain ...... 4‐1 4.1.1 Site Description ...... 4‐1 4.1.2 Wildlife and Wildlife Habitat Survey ...... 4‐3 4.1.3 Wildlife Species at Risk...... 4‐3 4.1.4 Site Summary and Recommendations...... 4‐3 4.2 Chip...... 4‐4 4.2.1 Site Description ...... 4‐4 4.2.2 Wildlife and Wildlife Habitat Survey ...... 4‐5 4.2.3 Wildlife Species at Risk...... 4‐6 4.2.4 Site Summary and Recommendations...... 4‐6 4.3 Hinton...... 4‐6 4.3.1 Site Description ...... 4‐6 4.3.2 Wildlife and Wildlife Habitat Survey ...... 4‐8 4.3.3 Wildlife Species at Risk...... 4‐9 4.3.4 Site Summary and Recommendations...... 4‐9 4.4 Rearguard...... 4‐9 4.4.1 Site Description ...... 4‐9 4.4.2 Wildlife and Wildlife Habitat Survey ...... 4‐10 4.4.3 Wildlife Species at Risk...... 4‐11 4.4.4 Site Summary and Recommendations...... 4‐11 4.5 Finn ...... 4‐12 4.5.1 Site Description ...... 4‐12 4.5.2 Wildlife and Wildlife Habitat Survey ...... 4‐13 4.5.3 Wildlife Species at Risk...... 4‐14 4.5.4 Site Summary and Recommendations...... 4‐14 4.6 Blackpool...... 4‐15 4.6.1 Site Description ...... 4‐15 4.6.2 Wildlife and Wildlife Habitat Survey ...... 4‐16 4.6.3 Wildlife Species at Risk...... 4‐17

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4.6.4 Site Summary and Recommendations...... 4‐18 4.7 Stump...... 4‐18 4.7.1 Site Description ...... 4‐18 4.7.2 Wildlife and Wildlife Habitat Survey ...... 4‐19 4.7.3 Wildlife Species at Risk...... 4‐19 4.7.4 Site Summary and Recommendations...... 4‐20 4.8 Merritt...... 4‐20 4.8.1 Site Description ...... 4‐20 4.8.2 Wildlife and Wildlife Habitat Survey ...... 4‐21 4.8.3 Wildlife Species at Risk...... 4‐22 4.8.4 Site Summary and Recommendations...... 4‐23 4.9 Juliet ...... 4‐23 4.9.1 Site Description ...... 4‐23 4.9.2 Wildlife and Wildlife Habitat Survey ...... 4‐24 4.9.3 Wildlife Species at Risk...... 4‐25 4.9.4 Site Summary and Recommendations...... 4‐25 4.10 Hope...... 4‐25 4.10.1 Site Description ...... 4‐25 4.10.2 Wildlife and Wildlife Habitat Survey ...... 4‐26 4.10.3 Wildlife Species at Risk...... 4‐27 4.10.4 Site Summary and Recommendations...... 4‐28 4.11 Wahleach...... 4‐28 4.11.1 Site Description ...... 4‐28 4.11.2 Wildlife and Wildlife Habitat Survey ...... 4‐29 4.11.3 Wildlife Species at Risk...... 4‐30 4.11.4 Site Summary and Recommendations...... 4‐30 4.12 Port Kells ...... 4‐30 4.12.1 Site Description ...... 4‐30 4.12.2 Wildlife and Wildlife Habitat Survey ...... 4‐32 4.12.3 Wildlife Species at Risk...... 4‐32 4.12.4 Site Summary and Recommendations...... 4‐33 5.0 REFERENCES ...... 5‐1 5.1 Personal Communications...... 5‐1 5.2 Literature Cited ...... 5‐1

LIST OF APPENDICES

Appendix 1 Wildlife of Ecological, Economic and Human Importance in the Study Area ...... 5‐1 Appendix 2 Vertebrate Species of Concern...... 5‐2

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LIST OF PLATES

Plate 1 The Stony Plain Pump Station site is located in a cleared, agricultural field (April 8, 2005)...... 4‐2 Plate 2 Stony Plain Pump Station site; an anthropogenic wetland is located near the access road (April 8, 2005)...... 4‐2 Plate 3 View looking northeast at the cleared, cultivated Chip Pump Station site (May 18, 2005)...... 4‐5 Plate 4 Hinton Pump Station site; cleared and levelled area within the fenced compound (April 7, 2005)...... 4‐7 Plate 5 A small anthropogenic wetland is located within the fenced compound at the northeast corner of the Hinton Pump Station site (April 7, 2005)...... 4‐8 Plate 6 Recent forest harvesting and vegetation disturbance at the Rearguard Pump Station site (April 7, 2005)...... 4‐11 Plate 7 Finn Creek gravel pit area located near Highway 5 and existing Terasen Pipeline right‐of‐way (April 6, 2005)...... 4‐13 Plate 8 A small wetland is located north of the Finn Pump Station site (April 6, 2005)...... 4‐14 Plate 9 Blackpool Pump Station site is located on a cleared area within a fenced compound (April 6, 2005)...... 4‐16 Plate 10 Blackpool Pump Station site. Cleared area within the fenced compound is adjacent (approximately 10 m) to a side channel of the North Thompson River (April 6, 2005)...... 4‐17 Plate 11 Elk pellets and a well worn game trail at the Stump Pump Station site. Evidence of ungulate use was frequent at and around this site (April 5, 2005)...... 4‐19 Plate 12 Merritt Pump Station site looking northeast from the fenced compound across a small treed seasonal drainage area (April 5, 2005)...... 4‐22 Plate 13 Juliet Pump Station site is located in a disturbed area adjacent to Highway 5 (April 18, 2005)...... 4‐24 Plate 14 The Hope Pump Station is located in an existing fenced compound, which is currently used as a surge relief station (April 18, 2005)...... 4‐26 Plate 15 The Hope Pump Station site is mostly non‐native grass, with a small patch of red alder near the western edge (April 18, 2005)...... 4‐27 Plate 16 Previously cleared and fenced Wahleach Pump Station site located south of Highway 1 (April 4, 2005)...... 4‐29 Plate 17 The Port Kells Pump Station site is located on cleared industrial land (April 4, 2005)...... 4‐31 Plate 18 Shrubs along the small, vegetated drainage course north of the existing Terasen Pipeline right‐of‐way provide limited wildlife habitat (April 4, 2005)...... 4‐32

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1.0 REPORT SUMMARY

Class Recorded Wildlife Wildlife Species at Risk (new station on Species at Risk found in the project footprint Key Recommendation(s) Site new site, etc) Existing Habitat (2 km local project area) (100 m x 100 m survey area) Stony Plain New station on Disturbed; farm field None None • Avoid disturbance to the anthropogenic existing site with small sump / wetland wetland • Migratory bird timing constraint May 1 to July 31 Chip New station on Disturbed; cultivated None None • None new site Hinton New station on Disturbed; open Long-toed salamander Long-toed salamander • Avoid disturbance to the anthropogenic existing site grassy area western/boreal toad wetland • Retain coarse woody debris surrounding wetland • Migratory bird timing constraint May 1 to July 31

Page Rearguard New station on 70% disturbed None None • Migratory bird timing constraint existing site (cleared), remainder May 1 to July 31

1 selectively logged ‐ 1 Finn New station on Disturbed and None None • Install erosion controls or low profile new site cleared berm to prevent siltation of wetland on north side of site • Migratory bird timing constraint May 1 to July 31 Blackpool New station on Disturbed and None None • Migratory bird timing constraint existing site cleared April 1 to July 31 Stump New station on Mature ponderosa None None • Maintain existing berm and vegetation new site pine – Douglas-fir buffer on west side of site forest • Minimize width of new clearing for access road • Migratory bird timing constraint April 1 to July 31 Merritt New station on Disturbed and None None • Migratory bird timing constraint existing site cleared April 1 to July 31 Juliet New station on Disturbed and None None • Migratory bird timing constraint new site cleared April 1 to July 31 Hope New station on Disturbed and None None • None existing site cleared

Class Recorded Wildlife Wildlife Species at Risk (new station on Species at Risk found in the project footprint Key Recommendation(s) Site new site, etc) Existing Habitat (2 km local project area) (100 m x 100 m survey area) Wahleach New station on Disturbed and Sensitive Element None • Retain the large trees in the south existing site cleared Occurrence #10410, corner of the site, if practical 1.5 km from site • Migratory bird timing constraint Great blue heron nest April 1 to July 31 site 1 km N Port Kells New station on Disturbed and None None • Retain the large trees at front of the new site cleared property, if practical • Migratory bird timing constraint April 1 to July 31

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2.0 INTRODUCTION

With the Trans Mountain Pump Station Expansion Project (the ʺProjectʺ) Terasen Pipelines (Trans Mountain) Inc. (ʺTerasen Pipelinesʺ) proposes to increase the capacity of its existing National Energy Board (NEB) regulated oil pipeline system (the Trans Mountain pipeline or Trans Mountain) to meet growing shipper demand. The Project involves modifications to three existing stations (Edmonton (KP 0.0), Kamloops (KP 822.9) and Kingsvale (KP 924.8)), construction of seven new stations on existing lands owned by Terasen Pipelines (Stony Plain (KP 49.5), Hinton (KP 317.7), Rearguard (KP 476.8), Blackpool (KP 709.9), Merritt (KP 900.8), Hope (KP 1011.8) and Wahleach (KP 1045.9)) and construction of five new pump station on lands to be acquired by Terasen Pipelines at Chip (KP 147.1), Finn (KP 612.5), Stump (KP 862.7), Juliet (KP 949.8) and Port Kells (KP 1124.3). Four of the 15 pump stations are located in Alberta and 11 are located in British Columbia within commercial/industrial, agricultural or forested settings. Construction at the pump station sites is scheduled to commence in early 2006, and extend until December 2006 depending on the site and scope of Project activities.

TERA Environmental Consultants and Westland Resource Group Inc. (TERA/Westland) were retained by Terasen Pipelines to conduct a wildlife and wildlife habitat survey as part of the Environmental and Socio‐Economic Assessment to be submitted to the NEB for the Project. Wildlife surveys were conducted at each of the 12 new pump station sites and their associated access roads.

The objectives of the wildlife surveys were to: • identify wildlife habitat types present on the pump station footprint and the local study area; • delineate any important wildlife habitats on the project footprint; • record all observations of wildlife species on the site; and • provide recommendations to avoid or minimize impact to wildlife and wildlife habitat as a result of pump station construction and operation.

The geographic location of each pump station site, the status of each as a new site or an existing site to be reconstructed, and the current land use and condition of each site is summarized in Section 1.0, Report Summary.

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3.0 METHODS

3.1 Project Boundaries

The local study area at each pump station site is defined as an area within a 2 km radius centred on each station location. General assessments of the wildlife habitat types within this local area were made using air photography (BC Ministry of Sustainable Resource Management (MSRM) 2005a, Valtus Imagery Services 2005).

Detailed field assessments were conducted within the pump station footprint, which is approximately 100 m by 100 m, but in some instances is irregularly shaped based on the site parameters. At most of the existing sites, the footprint is defined by existing perimeter fencing installed by Terasen Pipelines.

3.2 Literature Review

Prior to the field assessment, a literature review and online information search was conducted to identify wildlife species presence and potential wildlife species at risk that may occur in the local study areas. Data were obtained from Alberta Sustainable Resource Development (ASRD) and the BC Conservation Data Centre (CDC).

BC MSRM provides an online mapping tool to determine biogeoclimatic designations of each of the sites. Using BC Ministry of Forests (MOF) publications (Meidinger and Pojar 1991), the representative wildlife communities of each pump station site was estimated.

The BC Species and Ecosystems Explorer website (BC MSRM and BC Ministry of Water, Land, and Air Protection (MWLAP) 2005) online mapping tool was used to determine recorded element occurrences of wildlife species at risk in BC. Element occurrences are either displayed directly or randomized in the case of more sensitive species. All element occurrences within 2 km of the pump station site were recorded. Since details on sensitive element occurrences can only be released under a confidentiality agreement with the regional BC MWLAP biologist, details of sensitive element occurrences are not outlined in this report. However, a reference number for the BC CDC element occurrence is provided.

The Alberta Natural Heritage Information Centre (ANHIC) and Biodiversity Species Observation Database (BSOD) were queried to determine records of rare species within 2 km of the Alberta pump station locations (ANHIC 2005a,b ASRD 2005).

Summaries of wildlife known to occur in the vicinity of the pump stations that have importance for human use and enjoyment, ecological importance and conservation concern are provided in Appendix 1.

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The Canada Land Inventory (CLI) (2000) is an online GIS‐based resource through Natural Resources Canada, which categorically rates the land base for ungulate and waterfowl habitat capability. This tool was used to estimate the capability of habitats near the pump station to support ungulates and waterfowl.

For each site, it was determined whether a National Wildlife Area, Migratory Bird Sanctuary or Important Bird Area was within the local study area (Environment Canada 2005, Bird Studies Canada 2005). Alberta Wildlife Key Area maps (Alberta Fish and Wildlife 1981, 1990) were also used to locate important wildlife habitat in the vicinity of the pump stations.

Environment Canada provided general guidelines on migratory bird timing constraints for site clearing and ground disturbing activities. Their document entitled Narrative Descriptions of Terrestrial Ecozones and Ecoregions of Canada provided general information regarding habitat and species found in the vicinity of each pump station (Environment Canada 2003).

3.3 Data Collection

Field investigations and wildlife and wildlife habitat assessments of the pump station sites were conducted by two wildlife biologists from TERA/Westland from April 4‐8 and on April 18, 2005, and by a TERA biologist for the Chip Pump Station site on May 18, 2005. All 12 pump station sites were visited and systematic field investigations were conducted of the project footprint area to observe habitats on and adjacent to the site. The area was examined for the potential presence of wildlife habitats that may be limited and/or locally important to wildlife species of concern (e.g., mineral licks, large snags, ephemeral wetlands or watercourses, rock outcrops, burrows or dens, wildlife trees with cavities or stick nests, or other important habitat features). Important wildlife habitat features observed during the site visits were photographed and their locations recorded. All wildlife species observed during the field investigations were recorded.

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Terasen Pipelines (Trans Mountain) Inc. Wildlife and Wildlife Habitat Survey Trans Mountain Pump Station Expansion Project June 2005 / 3710

4.0 PUMP STATION WILDLIFE AND WILDLIFE HABITAT SURVEY

4.1 Stony Plain

4.1.1 Site Description

The Stony Plain Pump Station site is a new pump station on an existing site owned by Terasen Pipelines. It is located at KP 49.5, approximately 100 m north of the town limits of Stony Plain, Alberta. The site is located within a cultivated field and is accessed by an existing trail stretching west from Highway 779 for approximately 400 m. The site was in service as a pump station from 1967 to 1979 and has since been decommissioned. Part of the site is now cultivated as part of the adjacent field (Plate 1). An anthropogenic, closed system wetland in the northeast corner of the site has value as wildlife habitat (Plate 2).

The Stony Plain Pump Station is located in the Central Parkland Subregion of the Parkland Natural Region. Wildlife species characteristic of these areas include white‐tailed deer, coyote, snowshoe hare, cottontail, red fox, northern pocket gopher, Franklin’s ground squirrel, common porcupine, various waterfowl, sharp‐tailed grouse, broad‐winged hawk and other bird species (Environment Canada 2003, Alberta Environmental Protection (AEP) 1994).

The Stony Plain Pump Station is not located within or near any National Wildlife Areas, Migratory Bird Sanctuaries, Important Bird Areas or mapped Wildlife Key Areas (Environment Canada 2005, Bird Studies Canada 2005, Alberta Fish and Wildlife Division 1981). The CLI has rated lands near Stony Plain Pump Station as having slight (Class 3) limitations to ungulate production due to adverse topography and insufficient soil nutrients for optimal plant growth (CLI 1973a). The CLI has rated lands near the Stony Plain Pump Station as ranging from having no significant (Class 1) limitations to slight (Class 3) limitations to waterfowl production (CLI 1969a). Limiting factors include poor distribution of wetland habitat and insufficient soil and water nutrients for optimal plant growth.

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Plate 1 The Stony Plain Pump Station site is located in a cleared, agricultural field (April 8, 2005).

Plate 2 Stony Plain Pump Station site; an anthropogenic wetland is located near the access road (April 8, 2005).

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4.1.2 Wildlife and Wildlife Habitat Survey

A wildlife and wildlife habitat survey of the local study area at the Stony Plain Pump Station was conducted on April 8, 2005. Mammals observed in the vicinity of the site included moose, deer, coyote, red squirrel, northern pocket gopher and vole spp. Birds observed during the site visit included Canada goose, mallard, red‐tailed hawk, gulls (species undetermined), downy woodpecker, pileated woodpecker, black‐billed magpie, American crow, black‐capped chickadee, red‐breasted nuthatch and American robin.

Extensive moose and deer activity (pellets, tracks and browsed shrubs) were noted around the anthropogenic wetland in the northeast corner of the site, in the treed windbreak immediately south of the site and around the small ephemeral wetland adjacent to Highway 779, approximately 200 m southeast of the site. These nearby wetland areas, including the slough 600 m west of the site, provide waterfowl and amphibian habitat. The mixed aspen/spruce forest surrounding the slough provides habitat for forest bird species. Pileated woodpecker, red‐breasted nuthatch and red squirrel were observed in the treed area during the site visit. A pair of red‐tailed hawks were exhibiting nesting behaviour in this treed area. No mineral licks, large snags, rock outcrops, burrows or dens, wildlife trees with cavities or stick nests, or other important habitat features were identified on the site.

4.1.3 Wildlife Species at Risk

Species at risk potentially in the vicinity of the Stony Plain Pump Station include short‐eared owl, upland sandpiper, Virginia rail, tiger salamander, Canadian toad, plains garter snake and red‐sided garter snake. No Committee on the Status Endangered Wildlife in Canada (COSEWIC) listed or Alberta listed species at risk were observed in the area during the April 8, 2005 site visit. In addition, there were no species of concern listed on the BSOD for the local study area (Wollis pers. comm.). A list of wildlife species at risk in the Natural Subregion is included in Appendix 2.

There were no wildlife species of concern, or species at risk listed under Schedule 1 of the Species at Risk Act (SARA) or their critical habitat observed at the site during the wildlife and wildlife habitat survey.

4.1.4 Site Summary and Recommendations

The most valuable wildlife habitats on the site are the anthropogenic wetland and the narrow band of natural riparian vegetation surrounding it. The following site‐specific wildlife and wildlife habitat mitigative measures are recommended for the Stony Plain Pump Station site.

• Ensure Stony Plain Pump Station is constructed within the previously disturbed area.

• Use the existing road to access the site.

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• Install erosion control devices (i.e., silt fence) during construction along the periphery of the wetland area, to avoid siltation of the anthropogenic wetland during construction.

• Avoid disturbance to the anthropogenic wetland and minimize clearing of native vegetation surrounding the area.

• Adhere to the restricted activity period for nesting migratory birds in the vicinity of the Stony Plain Pump Station. This period extends from May 1 to July 31 or premow/preclear the work site prior to May 1 (Gregoire pers. comm.). If premowing/preclearing is not feasible prior to May 1, commission a nest survey on the footprint.

• Plant native deciduous shrubs and trees along east boundary of the site to create a visual screen, which may enhance use of the area by wildlife.

4.2 Chip

4.2.1 Site Description

The Chip Pump Station site, at KP 147.1, is approximately 30 km west of the town of Evansburg, Alberta, in 4‐29‐53‐10 W5M. The site is approximately 1.4 km south of Highway 16 and 1.9 km south of Chip Lake. The site is located on agricultural land and is accessed via an existing range road adjacent to the site (Plate 3). The Chip Pump Station site is located on privately owned land and is a new station on a new site.

This site is located in the Lower Foothills Subregion of the Foothills Natural Region in Alberta (Natural Region Review Committee 2004). Native vegetation in this subregion is characterized by closed canopy mixedwood forests of various combinations of lodgepole pine, trembling aspen, white spruce and balsam poplar with black spruce and tamarack in poorly drained areas (Natural Region Review Committee 2004).

Within the 2 km local study area, approximately 68% of the lands are cultivated or pasture land, 25% are forest/riparian area, 5% are residential or infrastructure use lands and 2% is water. Within the local study area, two branching, unnamed tributaries flow north to Chip Lake. Some of these drainage channels are subsurface and are cultivated, others have open flowing water and remnants of riparian vegetation on their banks. North of the station, a tributary channel widens into a series of small waterbodies that are within an area of approximately 450 ha of remaining native forest. Another remnant of native forest, approximately 150 ha in size, occurs to the south. Chip Lake, located 1.9 km north of the Chip Pump Station site, is an Environmentally Significant Area in Alberta, predominantly due to use of the lake by waterfowl (Alberta Community Development 2001).

The Chip Pump Station is located within a field that was previously used as pasture, but was recently broken and tilled. A dugout is located approximately 250 m northeast of the site. Forest occurs approximately 350 m north and 300 m east of the site. The forest to the north is

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Terasen Pipelines (Trans Mountain) Inc. Wildlife and Wildlife Habitat Survey Trans Mountain Pump Station Expansion Project June 2005 / 3710 dominated by black spruce and tamarack, whereas the lands west of the site are drier and dominated by trembling aspen and white spruce. The land in the adjacent quarter sections to the west and south are agricultural.

Characteristic wildlife in this natural subregion includes white‐tailed deer, moose, black bear, beaver, muskrat, coyote, wolf, snowshoe hare, waterfowl, sandhill crane, ruffed grouse and other birds (Environment Canada 2003, AEP 1994).

The Chip Pump Station is not located within or near any National Wildlife Areas, Migratory Bird Sanctuaries or Important Bird Areas (Environment Canada 2005, Bird Studies Canada 2005). The area lies within a mapped Wildlife Key Area for moose (Alberta Fish and Wildlife Division 1981). The CLI has rated lands near the Chip Pump Station site as having moderate (Class 4) to moderately severe (Class 5) limitations to ungulate production due to poor soil moisture and insufficient soil nutrients for optimal plant growth (CLI 1973a). The CLI has rated lands near the pump station as having severe (Class 6) limitations to waterfowl production (CLI 1969a). Limiting factors include adverse topography and insufficient soil and water nutrients for optimal plant growth.

Plate 3 View looking northeast at the cleared, cultivated Chip Pump Station site (May 18, 2005).

4.2.2 Wildlife and Wildlife Habitat Survey

A wildlife and wildlife habitat survey of the Chip Pump Station site was conducted on May 18, 2005. No species were observed on the site; however, coyote tracks were observed. Species

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Terasen Pipelines (Trans Mountain) Inc. Wildlife and Wildlife Habitat Survey Trans Mountain Pump Station Expansion Project June 2005 / 3710 observed within the local study area included Savannah sparrow, willet, American robin and common snipe. Northern shoveler, gadwall and Canada goose were observed at the dugout northeast of the site. Upland sandpiper, American crow, red‐winged blackbird, western meadowlark and clay‐coloured sparrow were observed in the vicinity of the site. Beaver dams were noted in a number of locations throughout the local study area. Boreal chorus frogs were observed at the dugout approximately 250 m northeast of the site and throughout the local study area. No mineral licks, large snags, rock outcrops, burrows or dens, ephemeral wetlands or watercourses, wildlife trees with cavities or stick nests, or other important habitat features were identified on the site.

4.2.3 Wildlife Species at Risk

Since location of the Chip Pump Station is cultivated, there is low potential for any species at risk to be at the site. ANHIC had no records of wildlife species at risk in the local study area (ANHIC 2005a). No COSEWIC listed or Alberta listed species at risk were observed in the area during the May 18, 2005 site visit. In addition, there were no species of concern listed on the BSOD for the local study area (Wollis pers. comm.). A list of wildlife species at risk in the Natural Subregion is included in Appendix 2.

There were no wildlife species of concern, or species at risk listed under Schedule 1 of SARA or their critical habitat observed at site during the wildlife and wildlife habitat survey.

4.2.4 Site Summary and Recommendations

Given that the site is located on cultivated land with little to no habitat potential, there are no site‐specific wildlife or wildlife habitat mitigative measures recommended for the Chip Pump Station site.

4.3 Hinton

4.3.1 Site Description

The Hinton Pump Station site is a new station on an existing site (Plate 4). It is located at KP 317.7, approximately 12 km southwest of the town of Hinton, Alberta, and approximately 8 km northeast of the Jasper National Park boundary, in 11‐33‐49‐26 W5M. The station lies adjacent to Highway 16 and is accessed by a trail stretching northwest from the highway for approximately 20 m. The station was in service from 1967 to 1979 and has since been abandoned.

Within the local study area, an unnamed nonforested creek to the northwest flows southeast and eventually becomes Maskuta Creek approximately 250 m southeast of the site. The creek banks are mainly forested along their length. Three small lakes occur to the north and northwest of the site. Marshes and ponds occur to the west, southwest and northwest of the site. Forested

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Terasen Pipelines (Trans Mountain) Inc. Wildlife and Wildlife Habitat Survey Trans Mountain Pump Station Expansion Project June 2005 / 3710 areas occur to the east, southeast and northeast. There are various trails, seismic lines and pipelines in the area.

Although no National Wildlife Areas, Migratory Bird Sanctuaries or Important Bird Areas occur near the Hinton Pump Station, the site lies within a mapped Wildlife Key Area for elk (Environment Canada 2005, Bird Studies Canada 2005, Alberta Fish and Wildlife Division 1990). Furthermore, topographic maps (1:50,000 scale) of the area and current land standings indicate Crown lands surrounding the Hinton Pump Station are situated within a Provincial Wildlife Sanctuary (PWS) identified as Camp 1 (Alberta Energy 2005). Old restrictions that were associated with the Camp 1 PWS were directed at licensed hunting in the area. This PWS has been rescinded and there are no remnant restrictions or wildlife protection measures associated with the old Camp 1 PWS (Kneteman pers. comm.).

The CLI has rated lands near the Hinton Pump Station as ranging from having slight (Class 3) to moderately severe (Class 5) limitations to ungulate production due to poor soil moisture conditions and insufficient soil nutrients for optimal plant growth (CLI 1973b). The area along Maskuta Creek and Highway 16 has been rated as being winter range on which moose, elk and deer from surrounding areas depend. The CLI has rated lands in the area as having severe (Class 6) limitations to waterfowl production due to adverse topography that limits wetland development and insufficient soil and water nutrients for optimal plant growth (CLI 1969b).

Plate 4 Hinton Pump Station site; cleared and levelled area within the fenced compound (April 7, 2005).

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4.3.2 Wildlife and Wildlife Habitat Survey

A wildlife and wildlife habitat survey of the local study area at the Hinton Pump Station was conducted on April 7, 2005. Mammals observed in the vicinity of the pump station location include elk and deer. Large mammals have accessed the site through the western corner, where the fence has fallen down. Birds observed during the site visit included Canada goose and American robin.

Waterfowl and amphibian habitat occurs in the wetland areas immediately north of the site, and onsite, where a historical anthropogenic wetland contains permanent water and wetland vegetation (Plate 5). Much of the surrounding spruce forest is at various stages of regeneration; habitat for species that require mature forests is limited. Furthermore, some surrounding locations have been subject to intensive forestry techniques (e.g., brush clearing and limbing), which may limit the habitat value for some species.

Wood frogs and boreal/western toads were heard calling from the small wetland to the north of the gated compound area. Visual surveys also confirmed the presence of long‐toed salamanders within the gated compound of the Hinton station site. This species is reported to be of management concern in Alberta.

No mineral licks, large snags, rock outcrops, burrows or dens, wildlife trees with cavities or stick nests were identified on the site.

Plate 5 A small anthropogenic wetland is located within the fenced compound at the northeast corner of the Hinton Pump Station site (April 7, 2005).

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4.3.3 Wildlife Species at Risk

Species at risk potentially in the vicinity of the Hinton Pump Station include hoary bat, pygmy shrew, grizzly bear, calliope hummingbird, long‐toed salamander, western toad, western terrestrial garter snake and red‐sided garter snake. ANHIC has records of long‐toed salamander in the area (ANHIC 2005b). The long‐toed salamander was the only species at risk observed on the site. There were no species of concern listed on the BSOD for the local study area (Kneteman pers. comm.). A list of wildlife species at risk in the Natural Subregion is included in Appendix 2.

There were no species at risk listed under Schedule 1 of SARA or their critical habitat observed at the site during the wildlife and wildlife habitat survey.

4.3.4 Site Summary and Recommendations

The anthropogenic wetland inside the Terasen Pipelines compound and wetland areas adjacent to the Hinton Pump Station site provide valuable breeding habitat for amphibians, including western/boreal toad and long‐toed salamander. The following site‐specific wildlife and wildlife habitat mitigative measures are recommended for the Hinton Pump Station site.

• Ensure the Hinton Pump Station is constructed within the previously disturbed area.

• Install erosion control devices (i.e., silt fence) during construction along the periphery of the wetland area to avoid siltation of the anthropogenic wetland during construction.

• Avoid disturbance to the anthropogenic wetland and minimize clearing of native vegetation surrounding the area.

• Leave any coarse woody debris immediately adjacent to the wetland in place as to maintain habitat features of importance to the long‐ toed salamander.

• Adhere to the recommended timing constraint for nesting migratory birds in the vicinity of the pump station. This period extends from May 1 to July 31 or premow/preclear the work site prior to May 1 (Gregoire pers. comm.). If premowing/preclearing is not feasible prior to May 1, commission a nest survey on the footprint.

4.4 Rearguard

4.4.1 Site Description

The Rearguard Pump Station is a new station on a new site. It is located near KP 476.8, near the headwaters of the Fraser River drainage. The Rearguard Pump Station site is located approximately 12 km west of the Mount Robson Provincial Park visitors centre and about 400 m east of Rearguard Falls Provincial Park. The site is on the edge of an old gravel pit that is

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Terasen Pipelines (Trans Mountain) Inc. Wildlife and Wildlife Habitat Survey Trans Mountain Pump Station Expansion Project June 2005 / 3710 accessed from a small road intersecting the Yellowhead Highway. The gravel pit lies approximately 250 m south of the highway. The Rearguard Pump Station site lies approximately 300 m north of the Fraser River and surrounded by young and mature coniferous forests with some patches of trembling aspen.

The site is located in the Sub‐Boreal Spruce (SBS) Biogeoclimatic (BGC) zone. This zone has 316 vertebrate wildlife species consisting of 5 amphibian, 2 reptile, 252 bird and 57 mammal species (Stevens 1995). Representative vertebrate species of the forested landscape of the local study area include moose, mule deer, black bear, gray wolf, lynx, marten, ermine, red squirrel, porcupine, snowshoe hare and deer mouse, northern goshawk, northern hawk owl, great horned owl, common raven, northern flicker, downy woodpecker, yellow‐breasted sapsucker, pine siskin, dark‐eyed junco, black‐capped chickadee and chipping sparrow (Meidinger and Pojar 1991).

The CLI (2000) has rated the local study area as having slight (Class 1) limitations to the production of ungulates, but is a winter range on which animals from surrounding areas depend. The area has such severe (Class 7) limitations that almost no waterfowl are produced (CLI 2000). There are no National Wildlife Areas, Migratory Bird Sanctuaries (Environment Canada 2005) or Important Bird Areas (Bird Studies Canada 2005) near the local study area.

4.4.2 Wildlife and Wildlife Habitat Survey

A wildlife and wildlife habitat survey of the local study area at the Rearguard Pump Station was conducted on April 6, 2005. The surrounding area provides high‐quality wildlife habitat for forest species as is suggested by the numerous wildlife tracks (moose, elk, deer, wolf and coyote) observed in sandy areas immediately south of the site. The abundant wildlife sign indicates that this area receives a high level of use by mammals.

The northern half of the site and surrounding area is forested (lodgepole pine/Douglas‐fir), but has recently been selectively logged (Plate 6). Vegetation on the southern half of the site and the area immediately south of the site is primarily grass and regenerating deciduous trees and shrubs. These grassed and open areas provide foraging habitat for elk. Open areas with south facing aspects are valuable for ungulates during winter. Several shrubs showed evidence of browsing by moose.

Mammals detected in the vicinity of the pump station location include moose, elk, deer, wolf, coyote and red squirrel. Birds observed during the site visit include American robin and dark‐ eyed junco. The small pond located approximately 150 m south of the site may provide amphibian habitat. No mineral licks, large snags, rock outcrops, burrows or dens, ephemeral wetlands or watercourses, wildlife trees with cavities or stick nests, or other important habitat features were identified on the site.

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Plate 6 Recent forest harvesting and vegetation disturbance at the Rearguard Pump Station site (April 7, 2005).

4.4.3 Wildlife Species at Risk

The BC CDC reported no element occurrences of wildlife species at risk in the vicinity of the Rearguard area (BC MSRM 2003). The habitat conditions, however, suggest the local study area may receive incidental use by wolverine, grizzly bear and fisher (BC MSRM and BC MWLAP 2005), all of which have large home ranges and nomadic behaviours. These species were not observed during the site visit. A list of wildlife species at risk in the Forest District is included in Appendix 2.

There were no species at risk listed under Schedule 1 of SARA or their critical habitat observed at the site during the wildlife and wildlife habitat survey.

4.4.4 Site Summary and Recommendations

The surrounding area provides high‐quality wildlife habitat for forest species. The following site‐specific wildlife and wildlife habitat mitigative measures are recommended for the Rearguard Pump Station site.

• Utilize the previously disturbed portion of the site as much as practical.

• Use the existing road to access the site.

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• Adhere to the recommended timing constraint for nesting migratory birds in the vicinity of the pump station. This period extends from May 1 to July 31 or premow/preclear the work site prior to May 1 (Robinson pers. comm.). If premowing/preclearing is not feasible prior to May 1, commission a nest survey on the footprint.

4.5 Finn

4.5.1 Site Description

The Finn Pump Station is a new pump station that will be constructed at a new site which was formerly a gravel pit owned by the BC Ministry of Transportation (Plate 7). It is located at KP 612.5, in the Thompson River drainage near the town of Blue River, BC. The site is accessed by a forest service road on the east side of Highway 5. The Finn Pump Station site lies approximately 75 m from the highway and forest road intersection. The local study area is a mix of young, mature (greater than 100 years), old (greater than 141 years), and ancient (greater than 250 years) forests in conjunction with a large creek and swamp and marsh complexes. Finn Creek is located approximately 300 m west of the pump station site. There is a wetland approximately 50 m north of the Finn Pump Station site.

The Finn Pump Station site is located within the Interior Cedar‐Hemlock (ICH) BGC zone, which has 376 vertebrate wildlife species. In total, 8 amphibian, 7 reptile, 293 bird and 68 mammal species may be found in this zone (Stevens 1995). Representative species of the mature and old forests surrounding the Finn Pump Station site includes moose, caribou, Rocky Mountain elk, mule deer, white‐tailed deer, black bear, wolverine, marten, red squirrel, southern red‐backed vole, barred owl, boreal owl, great gray owl, great horned owl, northern pygmy owl, long‐eared owl, northern saw‐whet owl, pileated woodpecker, Steller’s jay, gray jay, varied thrush, golden‐crowned kinglet, Townsend’s warbler, Bohemian waxwing, red crossbill, winter wren and mountain chickadee, while moose, rocky mountain elk, mule deer, white‐tailed deer, black bear, cougar, coyote, ruffed grouse, downy woodpecker, Steller’s Jay, American robin and dusky flycatcher. Further, the clearcuts in the local study area may be used by moose, mule deer, white‐tailed deer, Rocky Mountain elk, cougar, golden eagle, ruffed grouse, black‐backed woodpecker, northern three‐toed woodpecker, olive‐sided flycatcher, western bluebird and Townsend’s solitaire (Meidinger and Pojar 1991).

Finn Creek is known to provide important habitat to black bear, grizzly bear and moose. Information on ungulate and waterfowl habitat capability was unavailable from the CLI (2000) for this site. No National Wildlife Areas, Migratory Bird Sanctuaries (Environment Canada 2005) or Important Bird Areas (Bird Studies Canada 2005) are near the local study area.

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Plate 7 Finn Creek gravel pit area located near Highway 5 and existing Terasen Pipeline right‐of‐way (April 6, 2005).

4.5.2 Wildlife and Wildlife Habitat Survey

A wildlife and wildlife habitat survey of the local study area at the Finn Pump Station was conducted on April 6, 2005. The site is located on a gravel pit, and therefore the habitat value of the project footprint is low. However, the mature coniferous forest, the surrounding area has high wildlife habitat value. A regenerating clearcut (3‐5 m spruce) is located 100 m south of the site.

Mammals detected in the vicinity of the pump station location included moose, deer and red squirrel. There was evidence of extensive moose activity immediately adjacent to the site and in the surrounding area (browse and pellet groups). The small wetland approximately 50 m north of the site provides waterfowl and amphibian habitat (Plate 8). Birds observed during the site visit included American crow, American robin, varied thrush, song sparrow and dark‐eyed junco.

No mineral licks, large snags, rock outcrops, burrows or dens, wildlife trees with cavities or stick nests or other important habitat features were identified on the site.

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Plate 8 A small wetland is located north of the Finn Pump Station site (April 6, 2005).

4.5.3 Wildlife Species at Risk

The range of the southern population of woodland caribou (southern population) (BC Red listed) overlaps with the local study area (BC MSRM 2003). No caribou are expected use the pump station site. However, suitable mature forest habitats occur upslope of the Finn Pump Station site. The habitat conditions suggest the local study area may receive incidental use by wolverine, grizzly bear and fisher (BC MSRM and BC MWLAP 2005). Since these species all have large home ranges and the footprint of the Finn Pump Station has been previously disturbed, they are unlikely to reside in the project footprint area. A list of wildlife species at risk in the Forest District is included in Appendix 2.

There were no species at risk listed under Schedule 1 of SARA or their critical habitat observed at the site during the wildlife and wildlife habitat survey.

4.5.4 Site Summary and Recommendations

The Finn Pump Station is located within an existing gravel pit that provides little to no habitat potential. A wetland is located approximately 50 m north of the site. The following site‐specific wildlife and wildlife habitat mitigative measures are recommended for the Finn Pump Station site.

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• Ensure the pump station is constructed within the gravel pit area.

• Use the existing road to access the site.

• Avoid disturbance to the wetland and minimize clearing of native vegetation surrounding the area.

• Install erosion control devices (i.e., silt fence) during construction along the periphery of the wetland area, if warranted, to avoid siltation of the wetland during construction or construct a low berm along the northern boundary of the pump station site.

• Adhere to the recommended timing constraint for nesting migratory birds in the vicinity of the pump station. This period extends from May 1 to July 31 or premow/preclear the work site prior to May 1 (Robinson pers. comm.). If premowing/preclearing is not feasible prior to May 1, commission a nest survey on the footprint.

4.6 Blackpool

4.6.1 Site Description

The Blackpool Pump Station is a new station on an existing site. It is located at KP 710.1 in the North Thompson River drainage. The site is accessed from Highway 5 and is approximately 0.6 km northwestof the North Thompson River and 6 km southwest of the community of Blackpool. The Blackpool Pump Station site lies within a fenced compound that is owned by Terasen Pipelines. The fenced compound lies within the valley bottom highway corridor and is surrounded by agricultural and forested land (Plate 9). The forests are early‐seral and mature and both upland and riparian stands occur in the general area.

The site is located in the IDF BGC zone. This zone has 389 vertebrate wildlife species, specifically: 8 amphibian; 10 reptile; 302 bird; and 69 mammal species (Stevens 1995). The local study area is on a floodplain of the North Thompson River. The northeastern half of the area is mixedwood Douglas‐fir and aspen forest, while the southeastern half is primarily deciduous forest.

Representative vertebrate species for habitats of the Blackpool Pump Station site include Rocky Mountain elk, mule deer, white‐tailed deer, black bear, coyote, ermine, Columbian ground squirrel, deer mouse, American kestrel, Canada goose and mountain bluebird (Meidinger and Pojar 1991). Additional species that habitats of the local study area may support include moose, lynx, grizzly bear, mink, big brown bat, blue grouse, ruffed grouse, great blue heron, yellow‐ headed blackbird, Lincoln’s sparrow, western skink and western toad (Meidinger and Pojar 1991).

The CLI (2000) has rated the local study area as having slight (Class 2) limitations to the production of ungulates. Although, the area has been ranked as having such severe (Class 7)

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Terasen Pipelines (Trans Mountain) Inc. Wildlife and Wildlife Habitat Survey Trans Mountain Pump Station Expansion Project June 2005 / 3710 limitations that almost no waterfowl are produced (CLI 2000), back channels and other small wetlands along the river do provide waterfowl nesting habitat in the local study area.

No National Wildlife Areas, Migratory Bird Sanctuaries (Environment Canada 2005) or Important Bird Areas (Bird Studies Canada 2005) are near the local study area. Although the Blackpool Pump Station site is in disturbed habitat, riparian habitat in the local study area supports a variety of wildlife species.

Plate 9 Blackpool Pump Station site is located on a cleared area within a fenced compound (April 6, 2005).

4.6.2 Wildlife and Wildlife Habitat Survey

A wildlife and wildlife habitat survey of the local study area at the Blackpool Pump Station was conducted on April 6, 2005. The cleared and fenced portion of the site is of low habitat value. The patches of moderately sized black cottonwood in the southwest and southeast corners, however, provide good value to wildlife. A dry side channel of the North Thompson River is located just outside the south border to the site (approximately 10 m; Plate 10). Mature cottonwood trees and snags along this channel provide foraging habitat for woodpeckers and nesting cavities for birds.

Birds observed during the site visit include killdeer, common raven, northern flicker, downy woodpecker, black‐capped chickadee, American robin, European starling, song sparrow and dark‐eyed junco.

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Large mammals have limited access to the fenced site. Evidence of small mammal activity (gnawed bark, droppings) was noted in the treed area in the southwest corner of the site. No mineral licks, large snags, rock outcrops, burrows or dens, ephemeral wetlands or watercourses, wildlife trees with cavities or stick nests, or other important habitat features were identified on the site.

Plate 10 Blackpool Pump Station site. Cleared area within the fenced compound is adjacent (approximately 10 m) to a side channel of the North Thompson River (April 6, 2005).

4.6.3 Wildlife Species at Risk

No site‐specific occurrences of wildlife species at risk have been reported in the area (BC MSRM 2003). The habitat conditions of the surrounding area suggest there may be incidental use by wildlife species at risk that have been noted in the region (BC MSRM and BC MWLAP 2005). These include great blue heron, American bittern, bobolink, sandhill crane, long‐billed curlew, wolverine, grizzly bear and fisher. Considering the nomadic nature of the fisher, wolverine and grizzly bear and the industrial status of the site, development of the Blackpool Pump Station would likely have little effect on wildlife production or use of the local study area. A list of wildlife species at risk in the Forest District is included in Appendix 2.

There were no species at risk listed under Schedule 1 of SARA or their critical habitat observed at the site during the wildlife and wildlife habitat survey.

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4.6.4 Site Summary and Recommendations

The Blackpool Pump Station presents little to no wildlife habitat potential. Some nesting birds may occur within the fenced area. Adhere to the recommended timing constraint for nesting migratory birds in the vicinity of the pump station. This period extends from April 1 to July 31 or premow/preclear the work site prior to April 1 (Robinson pers. comm.). If premowing/preclearing is not feasible prior to April 1, commission a nest survey on the footprint.

4.7 Stump

4.7.1 Site Description

The Stump Pump Station is a new site on a new location. The Stump Pump Station site is located at KP 862.7 in the Moore Creek drainage, near Stump Lake and Highway 5A, northeast of Merritt, BC. The site is located within an open coniferous forest and riparian and upland forest habitats also occur in the general area.

The Stump Pump Station site is located in the PP BGC zone. This zone has 347 vertebrate wildlife species including 7 amphibian, 10 reptile, 271 bird and 59 mammal species (Stevens 1995). The local study area is located in a transition area between the PP and the IDF BGC zone, which has comparable wildlife diversity. The site setting is dominated by young to mature forest of Douglas‐fir and Ponderosa pine.

Representative wildlife species of the Douglas‐fir and ponderosa pine forests surrounding the Stump Pump station site include Rocky Mountain elk, mule deer, white‐tailed deer, cougar, coyote, black bear, big brown bat, little brown myotis, California myotis, red squirrel, northwestern chipmunk, long‐tailed vole, great‐horned owl, northern pygmy owl, northern saw‐whet owl, pileated woodpecker, hairy woodpecker, northern flicker, Clark’s nutcracker, Hammond’s flycatcher, dusky flycatcher, Steller’s jay, mountain chickadee, red‐breasted nuthatch, Townsend’s solitaire, Swainson’s thrush, solitary vireo, yellow‐rumped warbler, western tananger, chipping sparrow, Cassin’s finch and red crossbill (Meidinger and Pojar 1991).

The CLI (2000) has rated the local study area as having moderate (Class 3) limitations to the production of ungulates. The local study area has been ranked as having such severe (Class 7) limitations that almost no waterfowl are produced (CLI 2000). There are no National Wildlife Areas, Migratory Bird Sanctuaries (Environment Canada 2005) or Important Bird Areas (Bird Studies Canada 2005) near the local study area.

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4.7.2 Wildlife and Wildlife Habitat Survey

A wildlife and wildlife habitat survey of the local study area at the Stump Pump Station was conducted on April 5, 2005. The open pine forest on both the site and surrounding area provides valuable wildlife habitat for forest species including moose, mule deer, woodpeckers and squirrels. The value to ungulates is increased by this site’s proximity to Moore Creek, a natural wildlife movement corridor (Plate 11).

Plate 11 Elk pellets and a well worn game trail at the Stump Pump Station site. Evidence of ungulate use was frequent at and around this site (April 5, 2005).

Mammals detected in the vicinity of the Stump Pump Station location included coyote, moose, elk, deer and red squirrel. Birds observed during the site visit included common raven, American robin, and dark‐eyed junco.

No mineral licks, rock outcrops, burrows or dens, ephemeral wetlands or watercourses, or stick nests were identified on the site.

4.7.3 Wildlife Species at Risk

No site‐specific occurrences of wildlife species at risk have been reported in the local study area (BC MSRM 2003). The habitat conditions of the local study area, however suggest that flammulated owl, western screech owl, and grizzly bear may use the area (BC MSRM and BC MWLAP 2005). A list of wildlife species at risk in the Forest District is included in Appendix 2.

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Since grizzly bear have large home ranges and nomadic behaviours, and the site location does not appear to have denning habitat, these species are unlikely to be affected by the development of a pump station at this site. Although flammulated owl and western screech owl were not observed during the site visit, the abundance of cavities in the area suggests there may be appropriate nesting habitat for these species in the vicinity.

There were no species at risk listed under Schedule 1 of SARA observed at the site during the wildlife and wildlife habitat survey.

4.7.4 Site Summary and Recommendations

The open pine forest on both the site and surrounding area provides valuable wildlife habitat for forest species. The abundance of cavities in the may provide habitat for flammulated owl and western screech owl. The following site‐specific wildlife and wildlife habitat mitigative measures are recommended for the Stump Pump Station site.

• Utilize the existing access road and Terasen Pipelines right‐of‐way to the greatest extent practical.

• Minimize the width of new clearing required for the access road and pump station site. Retain trees and shrubs as deemed appropriate within the Stump Pump Station site.

• Maintain the existing berm and vegetation buffer on the west side of the site or construct a low berm along the Stump Pump Station site to facilitate the movement of wildlife along the Moore Creek riparian area.

• Adhere to the recommended timing constraint for nesting migratory birds in the vicinity of the pump station. This period extends from April 1 to July 31 or premow/preclear the work site prior to April 1 (Robinson pers. comm.). If premowing/preclearing is not feasible prior to April 1, commission a nest survey on the footprint.

4.8 Merritt

4.8.1 Site Description

The Merritt Pump Station is a new station on an existing site. It is located at KP 900.8 within a fenced compound owned by Terasen Pipelines. The site lies within an agricultural area approximately 0.6 km east of the town of Merritt and 0.4 km west of Highway 5. The local study area is predominately grassland habitat that is currently cultivated and heavily grazed by livestock.

The Merritt Pump station site is in the Bunchgrass (BG) BGC zone, which although one of the smallest zones in BC, supports a large diversity and density of wildlife (Meidinger and Pojar 1991). This zone supports 331 vertebrate wildlife species includes 6 amphibian, 10 reptile,

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260 bird and 55 mammal species (Stevens 1995). The local study area also includes areas in the PP BGC zone and IDF BGC zone, which also support high wildlife diversity.

Representative species of the grassland habitat surrounding the Merritt Pump station site include Rocky Mountain elk, coyote, badger, northern pocket gopher, California bighorn sheep, Great Basin pocket mouse, montane vole, white‐tailed jackrabbit, golden eagle, red‐tailed hawk, American kestrel, snowy owl, turkey vulture, sharp‐tailed grouse, long‐billed curlew, black‐ billed magpie, horned lark, western meadowlark, mountain bluebird, bank swallow, grasshopper sparrow and racer (Meidinger and Pojar 1991). In addition, the Douglas‐fir and ponderosa pine forests surrounding the pump station site may also be used by mule deer, white‐tailed deer, cougar, black bear, big brown bat, little brown myotis, California myotis, red squirrel, northwestern chipmunk, long‐tailed vole, great‐horned owl, northern pygmy owl, northern saw‐whet owl, pileated woodpecker, hairy woodpecker, northern flicker, Clark’s nutcracker, Hammond’s flycatcher, dusky flycatcher, Steller’s jay, mountain chickadee, red‐ breasted nuthatch, Townsend’s solitaire, Swainson’s thrush, solitary vireo, yellow‐rumped warbler, western tananger, chipping sparrow, Cassin’s finch and red crossbill (Meidinger and Pojar 1991).

A small drainage channel, that was dry at the time of the April 2005 field investigation, is located approximately 50 m south of the Merritt Pump Station site. This heavily grazed area may support several wildlife species including mule deer, white‐tailed deer, big brown bat, little brown myotis, western jumping mouse, water shrew, osprey, long‐eared owl, American bittern, Virginia rail, sora, Canada goose, eared grebe, wood duck, red‐winged blackbird, black‐ headed grosbeak, bobolink, northern oriole, marsh wren, common yellow‐throat, gray catbird, veery, common garter snake and rubber boa (Meidinger and Pojar 1991).

The CLI (2000) has rated the local study area as having slight (Class 2) limitations to the production of ungulates. The area has been ranked as having such severe limitations that almost no waterfowl are produced (Class 7) (CLI 2000).

There are no National Wildlife Areas, Migratory Bird Sanctuaries (Environment Canada 2005) or Important Bird Areas (Bird Studies Canada 2005) near the local study area.

4.8.2 Wildlife and Wildlife Habitat Survey

A wildlife and wildlife habitat survey of the local study area at the Merritt Pump Station was conducted on April 5, 2005. The site location is fenced, preventing access for large mammals. Tall grass and low shrubs on the site provide good nesting habitat and cover for grassland birds. The surrounding seeded pasture is of limited value to wildlife; however, several stands of aspen and shrubs to the north and east of the side provide habitat for birds and other wildlife (Plate 12).

Mammals detected in the vicinity of the Merritt Pump Station location include coyote, striped skunk, northern pocket gopher and vole (species undetermined). Birds observed during the site

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Terasen Pipelines (Trans Mountain) Inc. Wildlife and Wildlife Habitat Survey Trans Mountain Pump Station Expansion Project June 2005 / 3710 visit included Canada goose, bald eagle, northern flicker, common raven, American crow, black‐billed magpie, mountain bluebird, American robin, Lapland longspur and western meadowlark.

No mineral licks, large snags, rock outcrops, burrows or dens, ephemeral wetlands or watercourses, wildlife trees with cavities or stick nests, or other important habitat features were identified on the site.

Plate 12 Merritt Pump Station site looking northeast from the fenced compound across a small treed seasonal drainage area (April 5, 2005).

4.8.3 Wildlife Species at Risk

The habitats of the local study area provide suitable conditions for short‐eared owl, long‐billed curlew, American bittern, sharp‐tailed grouse, ferruginous hawk, Swainson’s hawk, prairie falcon, racer, western small‐footed myotis, fringed myotis and badger (BC MSRM and BC MWLAP 2005). None of these species were observed during the site visit. A list of wildlife species at risk in the Forest District is included in Appendix 2.

There were no species at risk listed under Schedule 1 of SARA or their critical habitat observed at the site during the wildlife and wildlife habitat survey.

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4.8.4 Site Summary and Recommendations

The site location is fenced, preventing access for large mammals. Tall grass and low shrubs on the site provides good nesting habitat and cover for grassland birds. The following site‐specific wildlife and wildlife habitat mitigative measures are recommended for the Merritt Pump Station site.

• Ensure the Merritt Pump Station is constructed within lands owned by Terasen Pipelines.

• Use the existing road to access the site.

4.9 Juliet

4.9.1 Site Description

The Juliet Pump Station is a new station that will be constructed on a new site. This site is located in the Coldwater River drainage at KP 949.8. The site is on previously disturbed land between Highway 5 and the western boundary of Coldwater River Provincial Park. The Juliet site is accessed by the Coldwater River overpass on Highway 5, approximately 40 km southwest of the town of Merritt. A large sand and gravel pit is located on the west side of Highway 5, to the northwest of the pump station site. The undisturbed portion of the local study area is a mix of riparian and upland forests. The pump station site is located in an open, disturbed area adjacent to Highway 5 (Plate 13). Most of the area is open and grassy area with the occasional lodgepole pine and spruce tree. An immature lodgepole pine forest is found adjacent to the pump station footprint.

The site is in the IDF BGC zone. This zone has 389 wildlife species, 8 amphibian, 10 reptile, 302 bird and 69 mammal species. There is some of the Montane Spruce (MS) BGC zone found at higher elevations within the local study area, which has 252 wildlife species (5 amphibian, 2 reptile, 183 bird and 62 mammal species) (Stevens 1995).

Representative species of the open grassy habitat near the pump station site include Rocky Mountain elk, mule deer, white‐tailed deer, black bear, coyote, ermine, Columbian ground squirrel, deer mouse, American kestrel, Canada goose and mountain bluebird. Additional species that may be found in the upslope forested habitats of the local study area include moose, cougar, northern pocket gopher and ruffed grouse (Meidinger and Pojar 1991).

The CLI (2000) has rated the local study area as having moderate (Class 3) limitations to the production of ungulates. The area has been ranked as having such severe (Class 7) limitations

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No National Wildlife Areas, Migratory Bird Sanctuaries (Environment Canada 2005) or Important Bird Areas (Bird Studies Canada 2005) are located in the vicinity of the local study area.

Plate 13 Juliet Pump Station site is located in a disturbed area adjacent to Highway 5 (April 18, 2005).

4.9.2 Wildlife and Wildlife Habitat Survey

A wildlife and wildlife habitat survey of the local study area at the Juliet Pump Station was conducted on April 18, 2005. Overall, the project footprint is of little wildlife habitat value. The wildlife fencing adjacent to the site prevents wildlife movement across the highway. The west side of the property is mostly grassy with some small pines (3 m tall). The east side of the property has slightly taller pine (5‐6 m). The older pine forest outside of the site provides wildlife habitat value for forest species.

Evidence of deer use of the site was very limited. Birds observed during the site visit included common raven, American robin, varied thrush and dark‐eyed junco.

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4.9.3 Wildlife Species at Risk

No site‐specific occurrences of wildlife species at risk have been reported in the local study area (BC MSRM 2003). However, the habitat conditions suggest the local study area may receive incidental use by the following species at risk that have been noted in the region: band‐tailed pigeon, red‐legged frog, Emma’s dancer, western sulphur, wolverine, Trowbridge’s shrew, grizzly bear and snowshoe hare (BC MSRM and BC MWLAP 2005). A list of wildlife species at risk in the Forest District is included in Appendix 2.

There were no species at risk listed under Schedule 1 of SARA or their critical habitat observed at the site during the wildlife and wildlife habitat survey.

4.9.4 Site Summary and Recommendations

Overall, the project footprint is of little wildlife habitat value. The wildlife fencing adjacent to the site prevents wildlife movement across the highway. The following mitigative measures are recommended for the Juliet Pump Station site.

• Ensure the Juliet Pump Station is constructed within the previously disturbed area.

• Use the existing road to access the site.

4.10 Hope

4.10.1 Site Description

The Hope Pump Station site is located at KP 1011.8 in a fenced compound owned by Terasen Pipelines, which is currently a surge relief station (Plate 14). The site is located in the town of Hope, between Highway 5 and old Highway 3. The surrounding area is a mix of transportation corridors, industrial land and remnant stands of mixed forest.

The Hope Pump Station is located within the Coastal Western Hemlock (CWH) BGC zone which supports 451 vertebrate wildlife species including 13 amphibian, 6 reptile, 327 bird and 105 mammal species (Stevens 1995). Representative species of the mixed coniferous and deciduous forest surrounding the pump station site include black‐tailed deer, black bear, gray wolf, marten, California myotis, Douglas squirrel, Columbian mouse, deer mouse, red‐tailed hawk, northern saw‐whet owl, blue grouse, common merganser, Steller’s jay, hairy woodpecker, pine grosbeak and Townsend’s warbler (Meidinger and Pojar 1991). Representative species of the young seral and managed second growth forests surrounding the

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Terasen Pipelines (Trans Mountain) Inc. Wildlife and Wildlife Habitat Survey Trans Mountain Pump Station Expansion Project June 2005 / 3710 pump station site include black‐tailed deer, black bear, cougar, gray wolf, marten, Columbian mouse, deer mouse, great horned owl, barred owl, blue grouse, ruffed grouse, band‐tailed pigeon, northern flicker, hairy woodpecker, common raven, gray jay, Steller’s jay, chestnut‐ backed chickadee, red‐breasted nuthatch, winter wren, varied thrush, western toad, pacific treefrog, western red‐backed salamander, ensatina and northwestern salamander (Meidinger and Pojar 1991).

The CLI (2000) has rated the local study area as having moderate (Class 4) limitations to the production of ungulates. The local study area has been rated as having such severe (Class 7) limitations that almost no waterfowl are produced (CLI 2000).

No National Wildlife Areas, Migratory Bird Sanctuaries or important Bird Areas are near the local study area (Environment Canada 2005, Important Bird Areas of Canada 2005).

Plate 14 The Hope Pump Station is located in an existing fenced compound, which is currently used as a surge relief station (April 18, 2005).

4.10.2 Wildlife and Wildlife Habitat Survey

A wildlife and wildlife habitat survey of the local study area at the Hope Pump Station was conducted on April 18, 2005, by TERA/Westland. The site is mostly grass, with a small patch of red alder near the western edge (Plate 15). Most of the bird activity on the site was concentrated in the alder patch. Birds observed during the site visit included northern flicker, American

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Terasen Pipelines (Trans Mountain) Inc. Wildlife and Wildlife Habitat Survey Trans Mountain Pump Station Expansion Project June 2005 / 3710 robin, varied thrush, chipping sparrow, song sparrow and dark‐eyed junco. Since the site is fenced, no large mammal activity was detected on the site.

Plate 15 The Hope Pump Station site is mostly non‐native grass, with a small patch of red alder near the western edge (April 18, 2005).

4.10.3 Wildlife Species at Risk

The habitat conditions suggest the local study area may receive incidental use by the following species at risk that have been noted in the region: band‐tailed pigeon and red‐legged frog (BC MSRM and BC MWLAP 2005). However, the previously disturbed Hope Pump Station site does not provide critical habitat for any wildlife species of concern, including species at risk listed under Schedule 1 of SARA. No wildlife species at risk were observed within the vicinity of the site during the Wildlife and Wildlife Habitat Survey nor were any critical habitats observed. A list of wildlife species at risk in the Forest District is included in Appendix 2.

There were no species at risk listed under Schedule 1 of SARA or their critical habitat observed at the site during the wildlife and wildlife habitat survey.

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4.10.4 Site Summary and Recommendations

Given that the site is located on an existing surge relief station with little to no habitat potential, there are no site‐specific wildlife or wildlife habitat mitigative measures recommended for the Hope Pump Station site.

4.11 Wahleach

4.11.1 Site Description

The Wahleach Pump Station is a new station on an existing site. It is located at KP 1045.9 in the Fraser Valley, approximately 50 m east of Anderson Creek and approximately 1 km northeast of the community of Bridal Falls. The site is accessed from Highway 1 and lies within a fenced compound owned by Terasen Pipelines (Plate 16). The surrounding landscape includes the Fraser River, riparian forests and large parcels of agricultural land to the north and riparian and upland forests on the east side of the local study area.

The Wahleach Pump Station site is located in the CWH BGC zone, which has 451 vertebrate wildlife species including 13 amphibian, 6 reptile, 327 bird and 105 mammal species (Stevens 1995). The Wahleach Pump Station site is located in western redcedar, black cottonwood and Douglas‐fir forest. Approximately half of the local study area is a steep northwest‐facing slope with young (40‐80 year) forest with high canopy closure, while the other half is a low lying floodplain with early seral species in a more open canopy.

Representative species of the mixed coniferous and deciduous forest surrounding the pump station site include black‐tailed deer, black bear, gray wolf, marten, California myotis, Douglas squirrel, Columbian mouse, deer mouse, red‐tailed hawk, northern saw‐whet owl, blue grouse, common merganser, Steller’s jay, hairy woodpecker, pine grosbeak and Townsend’s warbler (Meidinger and Pojar 1991). Representative species of the young seral and managed second growth forests surrounding the pump station site include black‐tailed deer, black bear, cougar, gray wolf, marten, Columbian mouse, deer mouse, great horned owl, barred owl, blue grouse, ruffed grouse, band‐tailed pigeon, northern flicker, hairy woodpecker, common raven, gray jay, Steller’s jay, chestnut‐backed chickadee, red‐breasted nuthatch, winter wren, varied thrush, western toad, pacific treefrog, western red‐backed salamander, ensatina and northwestern salamander (Meidinger and Pojar 1991).

The CLI (2000) has rated the local study area as having moderate (Class 3) limitations to the production of ungulates, and the area has been ranked as having such severe (Class 7) limitations that almost no waterfowl are produced (CLI 2000). There are no National Wildlife Areas, Migratory Bird Sanctuaries (Environment Canada 2005) or Important Bird Areas (Bird Studies Canada 2005) the local study area.

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Plate 16 Previously cleared and fenced Wahleach Pump Station site located south of Highway 1 (April 4, 2005).

4.11.2 Wildlife and Wildlife Habitat Survey

A Wildlife and Wildlife Habitat Survey of the local study area at the Wahleach Pump Station was conducted on April 4, 2005. The site is fenced and grassed, and is of limited wildlife habitat value. A few cedar trees (8 m tall) are located in the northern corner.

Several solitary large cedars are located in the pasture immediately surrounding the site. The mature mixed forest in the more distant surrounding area provides high wildlife habitat value for forest species. Numerous vole runs were observed on the site. No evidence of ungulate use was noted in the vicinity of the site.

Birds observed during the site visit included rufous hummingbird, hairy woodpecker, winter wren, golden‐crowned kinglet, American robin, white‐crowned sparrow and red crossbill. Anderson Creek may provide potential amphibian habitat, although no amphibians were observed during the site visit.

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4.11.3 Wildlife Species at Risk

There is a sensitive element occurrence of a species at risk located approximately 1.5 km from the Wahleach Pump Station site (Confidential ‐ Feature ID 10410) (BC MSRM 2003). A great blue heron rookery (BC blue‐listed) is located approximately 1 km north of the pump station site, but has been abandoned since 1997 (BC MSRM 2003).

The habitat conditions suggest the local study area may receive incidental use by band‐tailed pigeon, western screech owl, marbled murrelet, coastal tailed frog, red‐legged frog, coastal giant salamander, Townsend’s big‐eared bat, wolverine and Trowbridge’s shrew (BC MSRM and BC MWLAP 2005), although the actual project footprint does not provide habitat for these species at risk. A list of wildlife species at risk in the Forest District is included in Appendix 2.

There were no species at risk listed under Schedule 1 of SARA or their critical habitat observed at the site during the wildlife and wildlife habitat survey.

4.11.4 Site Summary and Recommendations

The site location is fenced, preventing access for large mammals. Tall grass and low shrubs on the site could provide nesting habitat and cover for birds. The following site‐specific wildlife and wildlife habitat mitigative measures are recommended for the Wahleach Pump Station site.

• Ensure the pump station is constructed within the previously disturbed area.

• Use the existing road to access the site.

• Retain the large trees located in the south corner of the site, if practical, to enhance use of the area by wildlife.

4.12 Port Kells

4.12.1 Site Description

The Port Kells Pump Station is a new station that will be built on a new site. The location is cleared, undeveloped property in a large industrial park at KP 1124.5 in the Port Kells area of Surrey, BC (Plate 17). The Fraser River and Barnston Island are located approximately 0.45 km north of the site, but the area is completely surrounded by developed, industrial land.

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The Port Kells Pump Station site is located in the CWH BGC zone, which has 451 vertebrate wildlife species including 13 amphibian, 6 reptile, 327 bird and 105 mammal species (Stevens 1995). Representative species that may be present in the local study area include black‐tailed deer, black bear, gray wolf, river otter, mink, deer mouse, wandering shrew, osprey, ruffed grouse, ring‐necked duck, redhead, harlequin duck, wood duck, red‐throated loon, common merganser, Wilson’s phalarope, black tern, mew gull, American dipper, common garter snake, western garter snake, northwestern garter snake, painted turtle, bullfrog, red‐legged frog, northwestern salamander, long‐toed salamander and rough‐skinned newt (Meidinger and Pojar 1991).

The CLI (2000) has rated the local study area as having moderate (Class 3) limitations to the production of ungulates, and the area may not be critical to waterfowl production, but is important to migration or wintering (CLI 2000).

No National Wildlife Areas or Migratory Bird Sanctuaries (Environment Canada 2005) are near the local study area. The site is, however, located within an Important Bird Area (BC017: Boundary Bay – Robert’s Bank, Fraser River Estuary), Delta, Richmond, Surrey, White Rock, BC) (Bird Studies Canada 2005).

Plate 17 The Port Kells Pump Station site is located on cleared industrial land (April 4, 2005).

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4.12.2 Wildlife and Wildlife Habitat Survey

A wildlife and wildlife habitat survey of the local study area at the Port Kells Pump Station was conducted on April 4, 2005. The site is located in an industrial area, and therefore, there is limited potential for the local study area to support wildlife.

The site is cleared; however, there are a few trees and areas of brush that remain on the periphery of the site provide habitat for wildlife (Plate 18). Wildlife species detected in the vicinity of the Port Kells Pump Station location included eastern cottontail, killdeer, common snipe, rock dove, Bewick’s wren, American robin and song sparrow.

Plate 18 Shrubs along the small, vegetated drainage course north of the existing Terasen Pipeline right‐of‐way provide limited wildlife habitat (April 4, 2005).

4.12.3 Wildlife Species at Risk

No site‐specific occurrences of wildlife species at risk have been reported in the local study area of Port Kells (BC MSRM 2003). The habitat conditions suggest the local study area may receive incidental use by great blue heron, western screech owl, barred owl, southern red‐backed vole and pacific water shrew (BC MSRM and BC MWLAP 2005). Due to the existing development on

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Terasen Pipelines (Trans Mountain) Inc. Wildlife and Wildlife Habitat Survey Trans Mountain Pump Station Expansion Project June 2005 / 3710 the site, it is unlikely any of these species occur on the site’s footprint. A list of wildlife species at risk in the Forest District is included in Table 6 in Appendix 2.

There were no species at risk listed under Schedule 1 of SARA or their critical habitat observed at the site during the wildlife and wildlife habitat survey.

4.12.4 Site Summary and Recommendations

The Port Kells site is located within a heavily industrialized zone with little to no habitat potential. Tall grass and low shrubs on the site could provide nesting habitat and cover for birds. The following site‐specific wildlife and wildlife habitat mitigative measures are recommended for the Port Kells Pump Station site.

• Retain the large trees located at the front of the property, if practical, to enhance use of the area by wildlife.

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Robinson, A. Environmental Assessment Officer. Environment Canada, Habitat Conservation. Delta, BC.

Wollis, H. Area Wildlife Biologist. Alberta Sustainable Resource Development. Spruce Grove, Alberta.

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Alberta Natural Heritage Information Centre. 2005c. Tracking Lists and Watch Lists. Website: http://www.cd.gov.ab.ca/preserving/parks/anhic/flashindex.asp.

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NatureServe. 2005. Heritage Status: Global, National, and Subnational Conservation Status Ranks. Website: http://www.natureserve.org/explorer/ranking.htm.

Paton, D. 2002. Columbia mountain amphibian surveys, 2001. Edmonton, AB. Alberta Sustainable Resource Development, Fish and Wildlife Division, Alberta Species at Risk Report No. 39.

Powell, R.A. 1993. The Fisher: life history, ecology, and behavior. Second edition. Univ. Minnesota Press, Minneapolis, MN.

Powell, R.A. 1994. Structure and spacing of Martes populations. Pp. 101‐121 in S.W. Buskirk, A.S. Harestad, M.G. Raphael and R.A. Powell, eds. Martens, sables, and fishers: biology and conservation. Cornell Univ. Press, New York, NY.

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Powell, R.A. and W.J. Zielinski. 1994. Fisher. in The scientific basis for conserving forest carnivores American Marten, Fisher, Lynx and Wolverine in the western United States. U.S. Dep. Agric. For. Serv., Gen. Tech. Rep. RM‐254, Fort Collins, CO. 184 pp

Powell, S.M., E.C. York, J.J. Scanlon and T.K. Fuller. 1997. Fisher maternal den sites in central New England. Pages 265‐278 in G. Proulx, H.N. Bryant and P.M. Woodard, eds. 1997. MARTES: taxonomy, ecology, techniques and management. Prov. Mus. Alberta, Edmonton, AB.

Royal BC Museum. 2005. Dragonfly Habitat in the Columbia Basin. Website: http://www.livinglandscapes.bc.ca/cbasin/www_dragon/habitat.html. Accessed: April 7, 2005.

Russell, A. and A.M. Bauer. 1993. The Amphibians and Reptiles of Alberta. University of Calgary Press. 264 pp.

Russell, R.H., J. Nolan, N. Woody and G. Anderson. 1979. A study of the Grizzly Bear in Jasper National Park 1975 to 1978. Report prepared for Parks Canada by Can. Wildl. Serv., Edmonton, Alta.

Semenchuk, G.P. 1992. The Atlas of Breeding Birds of Alberta. Published by the Federation of Alberta Naturalists. 391 pp.

Simpson, K. 1987. Impacts of a hydro‐electric reservoir on populations of caribou and Grizzly Bear in southern British Columbia. BC Min. Environ. and Parks, Nelson, BC Wildl. Work. Rep. WR‐24.

Smith, H.D. 1993. Alberta Mammals: An atlas and guide. Provincial Museum of Alberta. Edmonton, AB. 238 pp.

Stebbins, R.C. 1966. A Field Guide to Western Reptiles and Amphibians. The Peterson Field Guide Series. Houghton Mifflin Company. 279 pp.

Stevens, V. 1995. Wildlife Diversity in British Columbia: Distribution and Habitat Use of Amphibians, Reptiles, Birds and Mammals in Biogeoclimatic Zones. Province of British Columbia, Ministry of Forests Research Program. 288 pp.

Thomas, J. W., M. G. Raphael, R. G. Anthony, E. D. Forsman, A. G. Gunderson, R.S. Holthausen, B. G. Marcot, G. H. Reeves, J. R. Sedell, and D. M. Solis. 1993. Viability assessments and management considerations for species associated with late‐successional and old‐ growth forest of the Pacific Northwest. Research Report of the Scientific Analysis Team. U.S. Forest Service, Washington, D.C. 530 pp.

Valtus Imagery Services. 2005. 1 m resolution colour ortho imagery. van Woudenberg, A.M. 1991. Management of Flammulated Owl breeding habitat. pp. 83‐86 in S. Rautio, ed. Community Action for Endangered Species: A Public Symposium on BCʹs

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Threatened and Endangered Species and Their Habitat. Fed. BC Nat. and Northwest Wildl. Preservation Soc., Vancouver, BC. van Woudenberg, A.M. 1992. Integrated management of Flammulated owl breeding habitat and timber harvest in BC. M.Sc. Thesis, Univ. BC, Vancouver, BC. 56 pp. van Woudenberg, A.M. 1999. Status of the Flammulated Owl in BC. BC Minist. Environ., Lands and Parks, Wildl. Branch. Working Rep. WR‐95. 48 pp.

Weir, R. D. and F.B. Courbold. 2000. Fishers in British Columbia: options for conservation of a blue‐listed species. Pp. 691 in L. M. Darling (editor). Proceedings of a conference on the biology and management of species and habitats at risk, Kamloops, BC, 15 ‐ 19 February, 1999. Volume Two. BC Ministry of Environment, Lands and Parks, Victoria, BC, and University College of the Cariboo, Kamloops, BC. 520 pp.

Weir, R.D. 1995. Diet, spatial organization and habitat relationships of fishers in south‐central British Columbia. M.Sc. Thesis, Simon Fraser Univ., Burnaby, BC.

Weir, R.D. 2003. Status of the Fisher in British Columbia. BC Minist. Water, Land and Air Prot., Biodiversity Branch, and BC Minist. Sustainable Resour. Manage., Conservation Data Centre Victoria, BC. Wildl. Bull. B‐105. 47 pp.

Weir, R.D. and A.S. Harestad. 1997. Landscape‐level selectivity by Fishers in south‐central British Columbia. Pages 252‐264 in G. Proulx, H.N. Bryant and P.M. Woodard, eds. Martes: taxonomy, ecology, techniques and management. Prov. Mus. Alberta, Edmonton, AB.

Wielgus, R.B. 1986. Habitat ecology of the Grizzly Bear in the southern Rocky Mountains of Canada. M.Sc. thesis. Univ. Moscow, Idaho. 136 p.

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APPENDIX 1

WILDLIFE OF ECOLOGICAL, ECONOMIC AND HUMAN IMPORTANCE IN THE STUDY AREA

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APPENDIX 1

WILDLIFE OF ECOLOGICAL, ECONOMIC AND HUMAN IMPORTANCE IN THE STUDY AREA

Grizzly Bear (Ursus arctos)

Site‐specific Information Grizzly bear occur in the vicinity of the Hinton, Rearguard and Finn Creek Pump Station sites.

Population Status COSEWIC Listing: Special Concern Alberta Rank: Vulnerable (S3) BC Rank: S3, Blue Listed

Historically, reductions in grizzly bear populations were a result of extensive agricultural land conversion, extermination campaigns often related to livestock protection, and unrestricted killing. Today, the primary limiting factors for grizzly bears in the Canadian portion of their range appear to be human‐caused mortality from a variety of factors, and habitat loss, alienation, and fragmentation (Hamilton et al. 2004; COSEWIC 2002, Kansas 2002, McLellan et al. 2000). The most serious threat to grizzly bear populations is human‐caused mortality resulting from uncontrolled human access and activity (Kansas 2002).

Recent population estimates indicate the number of grizzly bears on Alberta provincial lands has increased to 841, in addition to approximately 175 to 185 animals in national parks in Alberta, for a total of 1,016 to 1,026 animals in Alberta (Kansas 2002).

The grizzly bear population estimate for BC in 2004 was approximately 17,000 bears (Hamilton et al. 2004).

Life Cycle Habitat quality appears to be influence the age when females have their first litter, litter size, and birth interval for grizzly bears (Ferguson and McLoughlin 2000). Females typically produce their first litters at 5‐7 years of age, and have litters of 1‐3 cubs about every 3 years (COSEWIC 2002). Cubs tend to stay with the mother for approximately 2.5 years. Breeding occurs between the end of April and end of June. Cubs are born in the den between January and March.

Seasonal Ranges/Movements Home ranges of grizzly bears vary with age, gender, food availability and reproductive status. Generally grizzly bear home ranges in productive coastal habitats near salmon stream are

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Habitat Requirements Grizzly bear habitat use corresponds with the location of seasonally favoured and high energy food sources. Wet streamsides in mature spruce forests, gully bottoms, groundwater seepages, wet meadows and fens, and disturbed sites (e.g., roadsides) are preferred habitats in late spring and early summer. During mid‐summer, toes of avalanche slopes, moist slopes near the treeline, moist gully bottoms, regenerating burns and clearcuts, and groundwater seepage areas are favoured. Pipeline rights‐of‐way, roadside verges and other man‐made clearings are also used extensively by grizzly bears during spring and early summer. Areas with abundant berry‐ producing vegetation are preferred in late summer (Kansas 2002).

Sensitive Periods While hibernating and emerging from dens in the spring.

Management of the Species

Alberta: The formal planning of management activities for grizzly bears in Alberta is guided by the Management Plan for Grizzly Bears in Alberta, which provides detailed documentation of historical populations and management, biology and life history requirements, the population and distribution status of the species as of 1989, and factors affecting population status at that time with a focus on regional analysis of mortality. The management plan includes a policy framework, management goals and objectives, and management strategies. As a result of the management plan, Bear Management Areas have been delineated in Alberta, and form the framework for regional grizzly bear management (Kansas 2002).

Numerous other cooperative, committee‐based research or management activities for grizzly bear exist in Alberta. These are driven by specific management concerns or are spin‐offs of regional grizzly bear environmental impact assessment, research or ecosystem management. Examples include the following: The Eastern Slopes Grizzly Bear Project, The Rocky Mountain Grizzly Bear Planning Committee, The Yellowhead Ecosystem Carnivore Working Group, Southwestern Alberta Grizzly Strategy, Strategic Framework for Grizzly Bear Conservation in

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British Columbia: Grizzly management in BC is guided by the Grizzly Bear Conservation Strategy (BC Ministry of Environment Lands and Parks 1995). The Grizzly Bear Conservation Strategy identifies habitat as one of the key conservation needs for grizzly bears in BC and has established a framework for establishing grizzly bear management areas throughout the province. Habitat management would largely be achieved through strategic land use plans that would establish goals and objectives, and would set the means to attain those on publicly owned land in local areas throughout the province. Strategic land use planning on publicly owned lands, either land use plans (LUP) or land and resource management plans (LRMP), have been completed or approved in 73% of the province by area as of January 2005. LRMP processes are underway in an additional 12% of the area or the province (BC Ministry of Sustainable Resource Management 2005b). Most of the strategic land use plans that have been completed or approved to date address grizzly bear habitat issues (BC MWLAP 2004a).

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Long‐Toed Salamander (Ambystoma macrodatylum)

Site‐specific Information Long‐toed salamanders are found in the vicinity of the Hinton Pump Station location.

Population Status COSEWIC Listing: Not Listed Provincial Rank: Vulnerable (S3)

In developed areas, the destruction of wetland habitats may be the greatest threat. Human disturbance such as road and trail construction, timber harvest, grazing, and fire management can result in fragmentation of terrestrial habitat and breeding ponds (Fukumoto 1995, Paton 2002). Larvae are sensitive to a combination of low pH and aluminum. In the Pacific Northwest, this species appears to be particularly sensitive to UV‐B exposure (Belden et al. 2000). Possible effects of exposure to UV‐B include increased mortality and incidence of deformities, slowed growth and skin darkening (Belden and Blaustein 2002).

Life Cycle Adults migrate to breeding ponds in April and May. Eggs are layed singly or in clumps, generally in shallow areas of permanent ponds. Eggs hatch after approximately three weeks. In Alberta, larvae usually overwinter before metamorphosing onto adults. Sexual maturity is not attained until the second or third year.

Seasonal Ranges/Movements Adults migrate to breeding sites in April and May. Juveniles leave for hibernation sites in September.

Habitat Requirements Long‐toed salamanders are typically found under rocks and rotting logs, near lakes and ponds (sometimes streams). Shallow areas of permanent ponds are preferred for breeding sites.

Sensitive Periods Long‐toed salamanders are vulnerable at all adult stages of their life cycle, but particularly during the spring migration to breeding sites.

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Management of the Species There are no specific management activities reported for long‐toed salamanders in Alberta.

Logging activities in areas with long‐toed salamanders should be scheduled to occur during the winter to minimize soil compaction and litter layer disturbance (Graham 1997, Paton 2002).

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Western Toad (Bufo boreas)

Site‐specific Information Western toads can be expected to occur in the vicinity of the Hinton Pump Station.

Population Status COSEWIC Listing: Special Concern Provincial Rank: Apparently Secure (S4)

The western toad is sensitive to habitat deterioration, introduced exotic predators and competitors, and disease. It remains widespread and locally abundant throughout most of its historic range in Canada despite its known vulnerabilities, all of which have severely reduced its abundance and range further south.

Life Cycle Western toads return to the same breeding sites year after year, even when other potential sites are available. Females start to breed at four or five years of age and it is believed that they only breed every few years. The life expectancy is 9‐11 years.

Females lay 5,000‐15,000 eggs in long double strands, and the tadpoles emerge after 3‐12 days. The transformation from tadpole to toadlet typically takes 6‐8 weeks.

Seasonal Ranges/Movements The western toad lives from the Rocky Mountains to the Pacific coast, from sea level to about 3,600 m. The species has an extensive range in BC and Alberta, and there are five separate populations known in the Liard River Basin in the Yukon.

Habitat Requirements Forested, brush and mountain meadows.

Sensitive Periods The western toad will hibernate for three to six months of the year, depending on location. It is frequently nocturnal. However, it is known to be active during the day when nighttime temperatures are cooler, such as in the spring and fall or at higher elevations, or when its main source of food is active during the day.

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Management of the Species There are no specific management activities reported for western toads in Alberta.

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Woodland Caribou (Rangifer tarandus pop. 1)

Site‐specific Information The southern mountain population of woodland caribou is listed on Schedule 1 of the SARA (SARA 2002). In BC, the Finn Creek Pump Station is in the vicinity of this population. In Alberta, the proposed project areas do not appear to occur within the seasonal range of the Jasper herds, although caribou may be transient through the area.

Population Status COSEWIC Listing: Threatened Provincial Rank: Critically Imperiled (S1), Red Listed (Mountain Caribou Ecotype)

Population estimates of the Mountain Caribou Ecotype of the woodland caribou in BC is estimated to be 1900 individuals (Hatter et al. 2002). There are no accurate estimates of caribou population size in Alberta, however, current caribou population estimates are consistently much less than 1,000 caribou for all identified individual caribou ranges in Alberta (Dzus 2001).

Threats to Woodland Caribou populations may affect caribou numbers directly through mortality or indirectly through disturbance or displacement resulting in increased energetic costs or mortality risks. Direct threats include predation, hunting, poaching, vehicle collisions, and diseases and parasites. Indirect threats include road development and associated traffic, persistent recreational activities on caribou ranges, and habitat alteration that results in increased mortality risks.

Life Cycle The breeding season occurs in late September to mid‐October. Bulls tend to be polygamous, collecting and defending harems of 12 to 15 cows. The gestation period is approximately 7.5 to 8 months, and calves are born between early May and the first week of June. Caribou exhibit low reproductive potential. Adult cows reach reproductive maturity at three years of age and only produce a single calf annually (Dzus 2001).

Seasonal Ranges/Movements Mountain ecotype caribou begin moving to wintering areas in November, depending on snow cover (Dzus 2001). Caribou typically prefer areas with less than 50‐60 cm of snow cover, and progressively move to lower elevations throughout the winter when snow accumulates higher than 60 cm (Brown and Hobson 1998).

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Habitat Requirements During winter, woodland caribou typically rely on large tracts of mature to old lodgepole pine or mixed pine‐spruce‐fir forests at high elevations where snow depths are reduced by wind, and terrestrial lichen is available for winter forage (Dzus 2001, Brown and Hobson 1998). Preferred summer habitat consists of sub‐alpine and alpine habitats and moist alpine meadows.

Sensitive Periods Most mortality due to predation occurs during late winter (January to April), which is often influenced by snow cover (Brown and Hobson 1998). June and July are also sensitive periods for calving.

Management of the Species

BC Management Initiatives LUPs or LRMPs have been developed for all areas where Mountain Caribou regularly occur. Resource management zone (RMZ) objectives from these have been or are being considered for designation as higher‐level plans or establishment of legal objectives under the Land Act. For Mountain Caribou, each LUP or LRMP requires or allows for:

• zones where there will be no or very limited timber harvest;

• zones where modified timber harvest to maintain habitat values will occur; and

• areas with no special provisions for caribou.

However, guidelines have not been developed according to provincial standards, and the level of habitat protection varies regionally.

Alberta Management Initiatives In July 1996, the Alberta Woodland Caribou Conservation Strategy Development Committee delivered a report to the provincial Director of Wildlife Management. This conservation strategy has not been approved by Alberta Environment, however, Alberta Environment staff and a number of stakeholders have used the strategy for guidance in the planning and implementation of resource management activities on Woodland Caribou range (Dzus 2001).

Alberta Regional Management Initiatives Local or regional multi‐stakeholder committees have been creation as a result of a provincial government information letter (IL 91‐17) that stated ʹ…industrial activity could occur on caribou range provided that the integrity and supply of habitat is maintained to permit its use by caribou.ʹ The goal of these committees is to establish a knowledge‐based management plan that will allow caribou conservation and resource extraction on the same land base, since current

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Research and Management in West‐Central Alberta The West Central Alberta Caribou Standing Committee was formed in 1992, with the primary goal of providing a forum for multi‐stakeholder communication and decision‐making with regard to industrial land‐use guidelines that would help conserve caribou in west central Alberta. Operating guidelines for industrial activity on caribou range were established in 1996. Several management initiatives have resulted that show promise for mitigating or reducing the effects of industrial activity on caribou range in west‐central Alberta, including new timber harvesting planning systems, a ʺno all‐weather roads policyʺ to access new wells, heliportable or low‐impact seismic techniques and restricted activity periods (Dzus 2001).

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Flammulated Owl (Otus flammeolus)

Site‐specific Information Flammulated owls may occur in the vicinity of the Stump Pump Station location.

Population Status COSEWIC Listing: Special Concern Provincial Rank: Vulnerable (S3S4B,SZN); Blue listed

Flammulated owls populations have suffered from changes to their forest habitat caused by fire suppression, logging and livestock grazing. These changes affect both the food and nesting cavity supply for owls. Flammulated owls prefer to hunt in the open structure of the ponderosa pine‐Douglas‐fir forest. Denser forests (such as regenerating clear‐cuts) are avoided as foraging habitat by owls. Nest success for flammulated owls is greater for nests located in cavities of ponderosa pine snags than for nests located in Douglas‐fir snags. Unfortunately, management activities over the last century have reduced the rate of ponderosa pine snag recruitment. Other threats to flammulated owls include housing development, pesticide use and predation by barred owls.

Since flammulated owls are difficult to census, an accurate population estimate has not been determined. A recent population estimate for BC was ʺsomewhat greater than 3,000 birdsʺ, including breeding pairs (estimated to be ~750 pairs) and non‐breeders (van Woudenberg 1999).

Life Cycle Flammulated owls generally arrive in BC in May and leave in September and early October. Males arrive in BC before females, and establish territories with suitable foraging habitat and nesting trees. Owls pair up when the females arrive. Gestation is approximately 11 days; incubation is between 21 and 25 days. Clutch sizes are between 2 and 4 eggs. Fledging occurs between mid‐July and mid‐August; however, fledglings remain dependent on their parents for another 4 to 5 weeks.

Seasonal Ranges/Movements Flammulated owls breed in the montane forests of western North America and central Mexico, and are believed to overwinter in Central America.

Owls often forage up to 300 m from the nest site during the breeding season.

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Habitat Requirements Flammulated owls inhabit montane ponderosa pine and other coniferous woodlands. In BC, the species is found primarily in the dry IDF BGC zone, and secondarily in the PP BGC zone. Breeding flammulated owls prefer old‐growth stands (in BC, trees >141 years old), where there are snags containing nesting cavities. The understory is typically comprised of grasses and low shrubs. Small forest openings nearby provide foraging habitat.

Sensitive Periods Flammulated owls are vulnerable to disturbances during the breeding and brood rearing parts of their life cycle (May through August).

Management of the Species van Woudenberg (1991, 1992, 1999.) suggests inventories should be conducted in areas of suitable flammulated owl habitat from mid‐May to mid‐June to determine presence of nesting owls prior to timber harvest; logging should not occur in active sites from late April to the end of August. Selective logging has proven to be compatible with maintaining flammulated owl habitat (Howie and Ritcey 1987). Selective logging (1‐2 ha openings) will likely be compatible with maintaining viable populations if a heterogeneous stand structure is retained through uneven‐aged management of mixed Douglas‐fir and ponderosa pine forests (van Woudenberg 1991, 1992, 1999). Existing and potential nest trees should be protected, and a substantial buffer of mature and over‐mature trees and snags should be retained to provide nesting habitat. Management should be at the landscape level to consider habitat capability and long‐term sustainability. Protection of several large land areas with high concentrations of flammulated owls should also be considered. Management for ungulate winter ranges (UWRs) tends to be compatible with flammulated owl habitat, an important consideration since many records are from UWRs (Cooper et al. 2005)

The flammulated owl is protected under the SARA (SARA 2002) on federal lands. The following references relate to the management of the species: BC MWLAP (2004b), Cooper et al. 2005, van Woudenberg (1991, 1992, 1999).

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Williamson’s Sapsucker thyroideus subspecies (Sphyrapicus thyroideus thyroideus)

Site‐specific Information Williamson’s sapsucker may occur in the vicinity of the Stump Lake Pump Station location.

Population Status COSEWIC Listing: Not listed Provincial Rank: S3B, SZN; Blue List

The primary threat to this species is from harvesting of mature western larch and Douglas‐fir stands. The Williamson’s sapsucker needs large snags for nesting.

This species is probably stable or declining in BC; however, few data are available for estimating abundance or population trends. The population size is probably approximately 100 nesting pairs (Gyug and Peatt 2000)

Life Cycle After wintering in the southwestern US, migrants return to their nesting territories in BC in the spring. Nest cavities are created soon after arrival, and are usually located in large larch or aspen snags. Nesting occurs from late April to mid‐July. Eggs (usually 5 or 6 in a clutch) are incubated for approximately 14 days. Nestlings take about 4 weeks to fledge. Only about 3 young are successfully fledged from each nest. After fledging, adults and juveniles disperse from the nesting area. Williamson’s sapsuckers leave BC in the late summer to early autumn .

Seasonal Ranges/Movements Williamson’s Sapsuckers arrive in BC between late March or early April and early May (Cannings et al. 1987). Adults and juveniles disperse from nesting sites separately shortly after or as the young fledge (Crockett and Hansley 1977). Habitat use during this post‐breeding phase is unknown. Autumn migration likely occurs from August through mid‐September, although stragglers of S. t. thyroideus may occur until mid‐October (Campbell et al. 1990).

Habitat Requirements In BC, Williamson’s Sapsuckers breed in mature forests at moderately high elevations (850‐1,200 m) in the IDF, MS, and lower Englemann Spruce‐Subalpine Fir BGC zones. Both pure coniferous and mixed coniferous/deciduous forests are used, including western larch, interior Douglas‐fir (P. menziesii var. glauca), and ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa) forest types (Cooper 1995).

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Nesting trees. Since they are relatively weak excavators, Williamson’s sapsuckers require dead trees or trees with advanced heartwood decay for nest cavities. Williamson’s sapsuckers do not seem to favour a certain tree species; rather they appear to use whichever tree species that is most suitable in the area. Most trees used for nesting in BC were coniferous, primarily western larch. Trembling aspen is also used for nesting (Cooper 1995).

Foraging habitat. The Williamson’s Sapsucker feeds on tree sap and phloem, mainly from coniferous trees such as Douglas‐fir or western larch. After the young hatch, the parent’s diet shifts to insects to compensate for the increased energy demands.

Sensitive Periods Williamson’s sapsuckers have been noted to be relatively tolerant to human disturbance at their nest sites. However, if a nest is directly disturbed, it may not be reoccupied the following year (Crockett and Hansley 1977). Williamson’s sapsucker populations are much more susceptible to loss of habitat from logging, rather than human disturbance.

Management of the Species There are no specific management activities reported for the Williamson’s sapsucker in BC; however, Cooper (1995) recommends that a management plan focusing on breeding habitat requirements and impacts of logging should be prepared in the near future.

As with other cavity nesting species, Williamson’s sapsuckers would benefit from forestry practices that retain and promote the creation of nesting trees in areas where they are known to occur. Nest trees should be located prior to timber harvesting from May through July. Large, decadent potential nest trees, as well as future recruitment nest trees should be retained to ensure future nesting habitat (Cooper 1995, Fraser et al. 1999). Snag management guidelines for timber harvesting proposed by the BC Wildlife Tree Committee (Lousier 1990, Manning 1992) should be followed.

In addition to snag retention, foraging habitat and other important features important to Williamson’s sapsuckers should also be protected. Small numbers of S. t. thyroideus are protected in existing parks or reserves including Manning Park and, possibly, Okanagan Mountain Provincial Park. However, a large reserve in the core area of Williamson’s sapsucker range should be created (Cooper 1995).

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Fisher (Martes pennanti)

Site‐specific Information Fisher may occur in the vicinity of the Rearguard, Finn, and Blackpool Pump Station locations.

Population Status COSEWIC Listing: Secure Provincial Rank: S3, Blue listed

Forestry, trapping, hydroelectric development, and loss of habitat from other types land clearing practices cause the greatest impacts to fisher populations. Loss of forest from mountain pine beetle outbreaks has also likely had an impact on fisher. Historically, poisoning programs targeted at other carnivores have also impacted fisher.

Little data is available regarding the population size and trend of the fisher in BC Cannings et al. (1999) suggest that the population is likely in decline. There are estimated to be fewer than 3,800 in the province (BC CDC 2005a).

Life Cycle Fisher breed from late February‐April or March‐May, peaking in March. Fisher undergo promiscuous breeding. Females mate probably within days of giving birth. Not all adult females breed in a given year. Gestation lasts l year, including an 11‐month period before implantation. Litters average about 3 kits throughout the range. Births occur primarily from March to mid‐April. Young are mobile by 8 weeks, weaned in 2.5‐4 months; and separate from the mother in the fifth month, in late summer or early fall. Fisher are sexually mature in 1‐2 years (BC CDC 2005b).

Seasonal Ranges/Movements Home range sizes vary greatly across the range of the fisher. Across North America home ranges of fishers from across North America and derived a mean home range size of 38 km2 for males and 15 km2 for females (Powell 1994) It is likely that the abundance and distribution of resources play a critical role in determining home range size. Fluctuating prey densities, varying habitat suitability, and potential mating opportunities are all probably important factors that affect home range size.

In central BC, the annual home ranges of female fishers (average of 35.4 km2) were significantly smaller than those of males (average of 137.1 km2). Minor overlap was observed among home ranges of fishers of the same sex, but there was considerable overlap between home ranges of

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Terasen Pipelines (Trans Mountain) Inc. Wildlife and Wildlife Habitat Survey Trans Mountain Pump Station Expansion Project June 2005 / 3710 males and females. Home ranges observed in central BC were substantially larger than those reported elsewhere in North America, particularly for males (Weir 2003).

Fishers move about their home ranges during their day‐to‐day activities of acquiring resources. With the exception of females maintaining natal or maternal dens, they do not base their activities from any one central point in their home range (Powell 1993). Fishers can typically cross their home range in 16 hours and travel up to 5‐6 km per day (Arthur et al. 1989), although transient individuals have been observed moving up to 53 km in less than three days (Weir and Harestad 1997). Early snow‐tracking studies suggested that fishers follow circuits of up to 96 km as they wander through their home ranges, although their movements may not necessarily follow such predictable routes (de Vos 1952). Arthur et al. (1989) noted that adult male fishers moved more widely during spring than any other season, presumably to locate potential mates.

Habitat Requirements Fisher occur in upland and lowland forests, including coniferous, mixed, and deciduous forests. Fisher favour dense coniferous or mixed forests, including early successional forest with dense overhead cover, and avoid open areas (Thomas et al. 1993). They commonly use hardwood stands in summer but prefers coniferous or mixed forests in winter.. Optimal conditions: forest tracts of 245 acres or more, interconnected with other large areas of suitable habitat; a dense understory of young conifers, shrubs, and herbaceous cover is important in summer. Fisher rest in tree hollows, under logs, in burrows or rocky crevices, or in the branches of a conifer (BC CDC 2005b).

Young are born in a den in a tree hollow (usually), or under a log or in a rocky crevice. Large snags (greater than 20 inches dbh) are important as maternal den sites (Thomas et al. 1993).

Sensitive Periods Female fisher are likely more sensitive to disturbance during the rearing of their young, since they may be tied to one specific den site location.

Management of the Species Management of fishers should be included in forest management plans (Banci 1989; Weir and Courbold 2000). Elements of mature/old forest structure are needed for various stages of a fisherʹs life (e.g., snags and large diameter downed logs are used for natal and maternal dens) and therefore need to be maintained, as do corridors for movement and dispersal (Powell and Zielinski 1994; Weir and Courbold 2000). Connectivity of forest cover may be very important to this species as it avoids habitats that do not have overhead cover (Powell et al. 1977; Weir 1995; Weir and Harestad 1997). Silvicultural prescriptions for fisher can be found in Lieffers and Woodward (1997). The protection of riparian zones is likely important (Weir 2003).

A1 ‐ 16

Terasen Pipelines (Trans Mountain) Inc. Wildlife and Wildlife Habitat Survey Trans Mountain Pump Station Expansion Project June 2005 / 3710

Changing traps intended for martens so that they exclude fishers (a design is currently available) would greatly diminish the level of incidental harvest (Weir and Courbold 2000).

In 1994, a reintroduction program was begun for southeast BC; between 1996 and 1998, 61 adults and 23 kits were released in the East Kootenays (Fontana and Teske 2000).

A1 ‐ 17

Terasen Pipelines (Trans Mountain) Inc. Wildlife and Wildlife Habitat Survey Trans Mountain Pump Station Expansion Project June 2005 / 3710

APPENDIX 2

VERTEBRATE SPECIES OF CONCERN

TABLE A2‐1

VERTEBRATE SPECIES OF CONCERN IN THE CENTRAL PARKLAND NATURAL SUBREGION STONY PLAIN PUMP STATION

Pump Station Preferred Habitat in within Species Vicinity of Pump Provincial Additional Scientific Name Common Name Habitat Range Station Rank 1 Designations MAMMALS Antilocapra americana pronghorn Open grasslands. No No S3 --- Bison bison athabascae wood bison Grasslands and open meadows in forests. No No S1 G4T?Q 2, Threatened3, Endangered4 Gulo gulo wolverine Boreal forests, tundra, subalpine areas. No No S3 (W) Special Concern 3 Lasionycteris noctivagans silver-haired bat Woodlands, in woodpecker holes and Yes No S3B --- behind loose bark. Lasiurus cinereus hoary bat Coniferous and deciduous forests. Yes No S2B --- Microtus ochrogaster prairie vole Upland prairie and grassland enclosed by No No S2 --- aspen.

A2 Myotis evotis long-eared bat River valleys and coulees. No No S2 ---

‐ Sorex haydeni Hayden's prairie shrew Dense vegetation, shrubby areas, Yes No S3 (W) --- 1

meadows. Sorex hoyi pygmy shrew Dry, upland coniferous and deciduous Yes No S3 (W) --- forests. Taxidea taxus American badger Open grasslands and aspen parkland. Yes No S4 (W) Not at Risk 3 BIRDS Aechmophorus occidentalis western grebe Deep medium to large lakes with extensive Yes No S3B (W) --- stands of emergent vegetation. Aix sponsa wood duck Wooded lakes, ponds, lowland sloughs No No SAB --- and streams with willows and cottonwoods. Ammodramus bairdii Baird's sparrow Ungrazed or lightly grazed native prairie, No No S3B (W) Not at Risk 3 requires a tangle of grasses for nesting. Anthus spragueii Sprague's pipit Bush, grassland, dry lake bottoms and No No S4B (W) Threatened 3,5 moderately grazed native prairie. Aquila chrysaetos golden eagle Rocky outcrops, sparsely treed mountain No No S3B Not at Risk 3 slopes and grassland habitats with coulees, steep riverbanks and canyons. Ardea herodias great blue heron Open shallow water at edges of freshwater Yes No S3B (W) --- lakes and streams. Asio flammeus short-eared owl Open meadows, marshes and clear cuts Yes Yes S3B (W) Special Concern 3 adjacent to cover and hunting areas.

Pump Station Preferred Habitat in within Species Vicinity of Pump Provincial Additional Scientific Name Common Name Habitat Range Station Rank 1 Designations Athene cunicularia burrowing owl Level open, short grass prairie with No No S2B Endangered 3, burrows for nesting. Threatened4 Bartramia longicauda upland sandpiper Open, grassy uplands, hay fields, Yes Yes S3B (W) --- pastures, wet meadows and old fields with minimal shrub or tree growth. Botaurus lentiginosus American bittern Areas with a dense growth of emergent Yes No S3S4B (W) --- vegetation or tall grasses. Buteo regalis ferruginous hawk Sparsely treed dry mixed grass prairie. No No S3B (W) Special Concern 3, Threatened4 Cathartes aura turkey vulture Areas with trees for roosting, near water. No No S2S3B --- Charadrius melodus piping plover Extensive sandy, gravelly beaches on No No S2B G3 2, shores of saline lakes or ponds. Endangered3,4,5 Chlidonias niger black tern Shallow lakes, marshes, sloughs, ponds Yes No S3B (W) Not at Risk 3 and wet meadows. Cistothorus platensis sedge wren Uncultivated and cultivated tall grass Yes No S2B Not at Risk 3 fields, bogs and meadows. Coccyzus erythropthalmus black-billed cuckoo Brushy thickets along roads and streams Yes No SU (W) --- or dense bush in coulees. A2 Coturnicops noveboracensis yellow rail Large, dense grass or sedge marshes. Yes No S2B Special ‐ 3,5 2 Concern

Cygnus buccinator trumpeter swan Small to medium-sized shallow, isolated No No S3B Not at Risk 3, lakes with well developed emergent and Threatened4 submergent plant communities. Dendroica fusca blackburnian warbler Mature balsam, white spruce forest or No No S2B --- mixedwood forests. Empidonax traillii willow flycatcher Shrubbery along streams or lake edges or No No S3B --- open areas. Euphagus carolinus rusty blackbird River groves, wooded swamps, muskeg. Yes No S4B(W) --- Falco mexicanus prairie falcon Canyons and coulees of the badlands, or No No S3B (W) Not at Risk 3 cliffs of river valleys. Falco peregrinus anatum peregrine falcon Cliffs near water, open fields, swamps and Yes No S3B G4T3 2, marshes. Threatened3,4 Glaucidium gnoma northern pygmy-owl Large stands of coniferous or mixedwood Yes No S3 (W) G5T3Q 2 forest with openings. Grus americana whooping crane Open marshy areas. No No S1B G1 2, Endangered4,5 Grus canadensis sandhill crane Marshes, bogs adjacent to ponds. No No S4B (W) --- Himantopus mexicanus black-necked stilt Wet pasture and grassy shoreline of Yes No S2B --- shallow pools, mudflats, marshes and lakes.

Pump Station Preferred Habitat in within Species Vicinity of Pump Provincial Additional Scientific Name Common Name Habitat Range Station Rank 1 Designations Icterus bullockii Bullock's oriole More open deciduous woodland along No No SU --- streams, river valleys and farmland. Lanius ludovicianus loggerhead shrike (prairie Lightly wooded river valleys, coulees and No No S3B (W) Threatened 3 excubitorides population) grassland areas with trees/bushes. Also croplands and shelterbelts Lophodytes cucullatus hooded merganser Ponds, lakes, rivers that have fish No No S2B --- available and woodland to provide nesting habitat. Mergus serrator red-breasted merganser Lagoons, estuaries of larger lakes and No No SAB --- rivers. Myiarchus crinitus great-crested flycatcher Mature deciduous and mixedwoods close No No S2B --- to clearings. Numenius americanus long-billed curlew Large tracts of open grassland with low No No S3B (W) Special vegetative cover for nesting. Concern 3,5 Nycticorax nycticorax black-crowned night heron Large marshy lakes or ponds; man-made Yes No S2B (W) --- impoundments. Pelecanus erythrorhynchos American white pelican Shallow, turbid lakes remote from human Yes No S2B G3 2, activity. Not at Risk3 A2 Phalacrocorax auritus double-crested cormorant Large lakes or reservoirs, low-lying Yes No S3B (W) Not at Risk 3 ‐ islands. 3 Rallus limicola Virginia rail Freshwater lakes, ponds, marshes, Yes Yes SU --- sloughs and bogs. Spizella arborea American tree sparrow Areas of tundra with low shrubs. No No SAB --- Sterna forsteri Forster's tern Marshes and marshy bays bordering Yes No S2S3B (W) Data Deficient 3 lakes. Strix varia barred owl Mature mixedwoods with open areas; Yes No S3S4 (W) --- lakeshores and stream valleys. Tympanuchus phasianellus sharp-tailed grouse Open prairie, shrubby sandhills, coulees Yes No S4 (W) --- and margins of watercourses. HERPETILES Ambystoma tigrinum tiger salamander Short grassy prairie, aspen parkland, Yes Yes S4 (W) --- boreal forest and even subalpine areas. Bufo hemiophrys Canadian toad Primarily boreal forest and aspen parkland; Yes Yes S4 Not at Risk 3 shallows of temporary water bodies. Chrysemys picta painted turtle Found in ponds, lakes and streams, with No No S1 --- quiet waters, muddy or sandy bottoms. Crotalus viridis prairie rattlesnake Grassland and sage brush areas. No No S3 --- Rana pipiens northern leopard frog Springs, streams, marshes and permanent No No S2S3 Special Concern 3, waterbodies. Threatened4

Pump Station Preferred Habitat in within Species Vicinity of Pump Provincial Additional Scientific Name Common Name Habitat Range Station Rank 1 Designations Thamnophis elegans western terrestrial garter Broad habitat preference: frequents (but No No S3S4 Not at Risk 3 snake not restricted to) ponds or marshes or ditches or dugouts in all habitat types. Thamnophis radix plains garter snake Broad habitat preferences; frequents (but Yes Yes S4 --- not restricted to) ponds or lakes or dugouts or marshes in short-grass prairie, aspen parkland and marginally boreal forest. Thamnophis sirtalis red-sided garter snake Broad habitat preference: frequents (but Yes Yes S3 --- not restricted to) ponds or marshes or ditches or dugouts and streams in all habitat types. Sources: ANHIC 2005c, Banfield 1974, Russell and Bauer 1993, Semenchuk 1992, Smith 1993, Stebbins 1966 Notes: 1. Provincial (S) ranks are based solely on the species' status within the province, and range from 1 (5 or fewer occurrences) to 5 (demonstrably secure under present conditions) (NatureServe 2005). S1 = Critically Imperilled: because of extreme rarity or because of some factor(s) making it especially vulnerable to extirpation. Typically 5 or fewer occurrences or very few remaining individuals (<1,000).

A2 S2 = Imperilled: because of rarity or because of some factor(s) making it very vulnerable to extirpation. Typically 6-20 occurrences or few remaining ‐ individuals (1,000-3,000). 4 S3 = Vulnerable: because rare and uncommon, or found in a restricted range (even if abundant at some locations), or because of other factors making it vulnerable to extirpation. Typically 21-100 occurrences or between 3,000 and 10,000 individuals. S4 = Apparently Secure: uncommon but not rare, and usually widespread in the province. Possible cause of long-term concern. Usually more than 100 occurrences and more than 10,000 individuals. S5 = Secure: common, widespread, and abundant in the province. Essentially ineradicable under present conditions. Typically with considerably more than 100 occurrences and more than 10,000 individuals. S#S# = Range Rank: a numeric range rank (e.g., S2S3) is used to indicate the range of uncertainty about the exact status of the element. SH = Historical occurrence; usually not verified in the last 20 years, but with some expectation that it may be rediscovered. SU = Unrankable: currently unrankable due to lack of information or due to substantially conflicting information about status or trends. ? = Inexact numeric rank: denotes inexact numeric rank. A = Accidental: infrequent and outside usual range. Includes species recorded once or only a few times at a location. B = Breeding: basic rank refers to the breeding population of the element. Q = Questionable taxonomy: taxonomic status is questionable; numeric rank may change with taxonomy. T = Designates a rank associated with a subspecies. (W) = Watch List: elements for which ANHIC wants to collect more information (ANHIC 2005c). All other elements are on the ANHIC Tracking List. NR = Unranked: rank not yet assessed.

2. Global (G) ranks are based on a species status world-wide and follow a system parallel to that for Provincial Ranks (Note 1), ranging from 1 (5 or fewer occurrences) to 5 (demonstrably secure under present conditions). For legibility, ranks G4-G5 and T4-T5 are not displayed. (NatureServe 2005)

3. Committee on the Status of Endangered Wildlife in Canada (COSEWIC 2005). Species listed as 'Extirpated', 'Not at Risk' or 'Data Deficient' were generally not included in the table without other noteworthy factors being present. Endangered: A species facing imminent extirpation or extinction. Threatened: A species likely to become endangered if limiting factors are not reversed. Special Concern: A species that is particularly sensitive to human activities or natural events, but is not an endangered or threatened species. Not at Risk: A species that has been evaluated and found not to be at risk. Data Deficient: A species for which there is inadequate information to make a direst, or indirect, assessment of its risk of extinction.

4. Wildlife Act (Alberta Government 2000), Report of ESCC (Fish and Wildlife Division 2005). A species legislated as endangered or threatened under the Wildlife Act as designated by the Endangered Species Conservation Committee using definitions based on those used by the Committee on the Status of Endangered Wildlife in Canada (see Note 3).

5. Species at Risk Act (Government of Canada 2002). The Act establishes Schedule 1 as the list of species to be protected on all federal lands in Canada. The Act also applies to all lands in Canada for Schedule 1 bird species cited in the Migratory Birds Convention Act (Government of Canada 1994) and Schedule 1 aquatic species as determined by Fisheries and Oceans Canada (Pickett pers. comm.). Threatened: a species that is likely to become an endangered species if nothing is done to reverse the factors leading to its extirpation or extinction Special Concern: a species that may become a threatened or an endangered species because of a combination of biological characteristics and identified threats A2 ‐ 5

TABLE A2‐2

VERTEBRATE SPECIES OF CONCERN IN THE NATURAL LOWER FOOTHILLS SUBREGION CHIP PUMP STATION PROJECT

Pump Station Preferred Habitat in within Species Vicinity of Pump Provincial Additional Scientific Name Common Name Habitat Range Station Rank 1 Designations MAMMALS Gulo gulo wolverine Boreal forests, tundra, subalpine areas. No No S3 (W) Special Concern 3 Lasionycteris noctivagans silver-haired bat Woodlands, in woodpecker holes and Yes No S3B --- behind loose bark. Lasiurus cinereus hoary bat Coniferous and deciduous forests. Yes No S2B --- Microtus ochrogaster prairie vole Upland prairie and grassland enclosed by Yes No S2 --- aspen. Microtus xanthognathus taiga vole Upland areas along rivers near stands of No No SH --- horsetails. Myotis evotis long-eared bat River valleys and coulees. Yes No S2 --- Myotis septentrionalis northern long-eared bat Mixed and coniferous forests. Yes No S2S3 --- A2 Myotis volans long-legged bat Rocky outcrops and caves. No No S2 --- ‐ 2

6 Rangifer tarandus pop. 1 woodland caribou (southern Mature coniferous and mixedwood forests. No No S1 G5T2Q , mountain population) Threatened3,4,5 Rangifer tarandus pop. 14 woodland caribou (boreal Mature coniferous and mixedwood forests. No No S2 G5T? 2, population) Threatened3,4,5 Sorex hoyi pygmy shrew Dry, upland coniferous and deciduous Yes No S3 (W) --- forests. Taxidea taxus American badger Open grasslands and aspen parkland. Yes No S4 (W) Not at Risk 3 Ursus arctos horribilis grizzly bear Open areas, river valleys and brush lands. No No S3 Special Concern 3 BIRDS Aechmophorus occidentalis western grebe Deep medium to large lakes with extensive Yes No S3B (W) --- stands of emergent vegetation. Anthus spragueii Sprague's pipit Bush, grassland, dry lake bottoms and No No S4B (W) Threatened 3,5 moderately grazed native prairie. Aquila chrysaetos golden eagle Rocky outcrops, sparsely treed mountain Yes No S3B Not at Risk 3 slopes and grassland habitats with coulees, steep riverbanks and canyons. Ardea herodias great blue heron Open shallow water at edges of freshwater Yes No S3B (W) --- lakes and streams. Asio flammeus short-eared owl Open meadows, marshes and clear cuts Yes No S3B (W) Special Concern 3 adjacent to cover and hunting areas. Botaurus lentiginosus American bittern Areas with a dense growth of emergent Yes No S3S4B (W) --- vegetation or tall grasses.

Pump Station Preferred Habitat in within Species Vicinity of Pump Provincial Additional Scientific Name Common Name Habitat Range Station Rank 1 Designations Certhia americana brown creeper Coniferous and mixed mature forests. Yes No S3S4 --- Chlidonias niger black tern Shallow lakes, marshes, sloughs, ponds Yes No S3B (W) Not at Risk 3 and wet meadows. Coturnicops noveboracensis yellow rail Large, dense grass or sedge marshes. No No S2B Special Concern 3,5 Cygnus buccinator trumpeter swan Small to medium-sized shallow, isolated Yes No S3B Not at Risk 3, lakes with well developed emergent and Threatened4 submergent plant communities. Dendroica tigrina Cape May warbler Mature white spruce stands of coniferous No No S2B --- mixedwood forests; open stands and edges. Empidonax occidentalis cordilleran flycatcher Coniferous and deciduous woodlands No No SU --- along streams or ravines. Empidonax traillii willow flycatcher Shrubbery along streams or lake edges or No No S3B --- open areas. Euphagus carolinus rusty blackbird River groves, wooded swamps, muskeg. Yes No S4B(W) --- Falco mexicanus prairie falcon Canyons and coulees of the badlands, or No No S3B (W) Not at Risk 3 cliffs of river valleys. A2 Falco peregrinus anatum peregrine falcon Cliffs near water, open fields, swamps and Yes No S3B G4T3 2, ‐ 3,4,5 7 marshes. Threatened

Glaucidium gnoma northern pygmy-owl Large stands of coniferous or mixedwood Yes No S3 (W) G5T3Q 2 forest with openings. Grus canadensis sandhill crane Marshes, bogs adjacent to ponds. Yes No S4B (W) --- Histrionicus histrionicus harlequin duck Fast flowing streams surrounded by No No S3B --- forests or patches of willow. Icterus bullockii Bullock's oriole More open deciduous woodland along No No SU --- streams, river valleys and farmland. Lanius ludovicianus loggerhead shrike (prairie Lightly wooded river valleys, coulees and No No S3B (W) Threatened 3 excubitorides population) grassland areas with trees/bushes. Also croplands and shelterbelts Limnodromus griseus short-billed dowitcher Muskegs and similar boggy and marshy Yes No S2B --- places with low vegetation. Lophodytes cucullatus hooded merganser Ponds, lakes, rivers that have fish Yes No S2B --- available and woodland to provide nesting habitat. Melanerpes lewis Lewis's woodpecker Open areas with scattered trees, burnt- No No SH --- lands with standing dead wood, logged over places, wooded roadsides and open woodland. Melanitta perspicillata surf scoter Freshwater ponds, muskeg bogs, lakes or Yes No SAB --- streams.

Pump Station Preferred Habitat in within Species Vicinity of Pump Provincial Additional Scientific Name Common Name Habitat Range Station Rank 1 Designations Mergus serrator red-breasted merganser Lagoons, estuaries of larger lakes and Yes No SAB --- rivers. Phalacrocorax auritus double-crested cormorant Large lakes or reservoirs, low-lying Yes No S3B (W) Not at Risk 3 islands. Picoides arcticus black-backed woodpecker Decaying trees in burns, logged areas and Yes No S2S3 --- windfalls in mixed or coniferous forests. Stellula calliope calliope hummingbird Avalanche slopes, burns, shrubby No No S2B --- meadows. Strix varia barred owl Mature mixedwoods with open areas; Yes No S3S4 (W) --- lakeshores and stream valleys. Surnia ulula northern hawk owl Open coniferous or mixedwoods, muskeg. Yes No S3S4 (W) Not at Risk 3 Tympanuchus phasianellus sharp-tailed grouse Open prairie, shrubby sandhills, coulees Yes No S4 (W) --- and margins of watercourses. HERPETILES Ambystoma tigrinum tiger salamander Short grassy prairie, aspen parkland, Yes No S4 (W) --- boreal forest and even subalpine areas. Bufo boreas (boreas) western toad Forested areas, wet shrublands, No No S4 (W) Special 3,5 A2 avalanche slopes, meadows, clearcuts, Concern streamsides, shallow pond edges; often ‐

8 with dense shrub cover.

Bufo hemiophrys Canadian toad Primarily boreal forest and aspen parkland; Yes No S4 Not at Risk 3 shallows of temporary water bodies. Rana luteiventris Columbia spotted frog Found associated with permanent water. No No S3 Not at Risk 3 Rana pipiens northern leopard frog Springs, streams, marshes and permanent No No S2S3 Special waterbodies. Concern 3,5, Threatened4 Thamnophis elegans western terrestrial garter Broad habitat preference: frequents (but Yes No S3S4 Not at Risk 3 snake not restricted to) ponds or marshes or ditches or dugouts in all habitat types. Note: Sources and notes provided at end of table A2-1

TABLE A2‐3

VERTEBRATE SPECIES OF CONCERN IN THE MONTANE NATURAL SUBREGION HINTON PUMP STATION

Pump Station Preferred Habitat in within Species Vicinity of Pump Provincial Additional Scientific Name Common Name Habitat Range Station Rank 1 Designations MAMMALS Antilocapra americana pronghorn Open grasslands. No No S3 --- Bison bison athabascae wood bison Grasslands and open meadows in forests. No No S1 G4TNRQ 2, Threatened3,5, Endangered4 Gulo gulo wolverine Boreal forests, tundra, subalpine areas. Yes No S3 (W) Special Concern 3 Lagurus curtatus sagebrush vole Confined to those areas of the grassland where No No S3 Data Deficient 3 sagebrush is common. Lasionycteris noctivagans silver-haired bat Woodlands, in woodpecker holes and behind Yes No S3B --- loose bark. Lasiurus cinereus hoary bat Coniferous and deciduous forests. Yes No S2B ---

A2 Lynx rufus bobcat Found in along river valleys and coulees. No No S3 ---

‐ Marmota flaviventris yellow-bellied marmot Found on rocky outcrops. No No S2? --- 9 Microtus richardsoni water vole Alpine meadows in the vicinity of swift, clear No No S3 --- streams. Myotis ciliolabrum western small-footed Rocky outcrops and crevices in badlands. No No S2 --- bat Myotis evotis long-eared bat River valleys and coulees. Yes No S2 --- Myotis septentrionalis northern long-eared bat Mixed and coniferous forests. Yes No S2S3 --- Myotis volans long-legged bat Rocky outcrops and caves. No No S2 --- Perognathus fasciatus olive-backed pocket Open grasslands, especially where there is No No S2 --- mouse sandy soil. Rangifer tarandus pop. 1 woodland caribou Mature coniferous and mixedwood forests. No No S1 G5T2Q 2, (southern mountain Threatened3,4,5 population) Reithrodontomys megalotis western harvest mouse Open grassland. No No S1 Data Deficient 3 Sorex hoyi pygmy shrew Dry, upland coniferous and deciduous forests. Yes Yes S3 (W) --- Sorex vagrans wandering shrew Mountain streams in a coniferous forest. No No S1 --- Tamias ruficaudus red-tailed chipmunk Mixedwood and coniferous forests. No No S2 --- Taxidea taxus American badger Open grasslands and aspen parkland. No No S4 (W) Not at Risk 3 Ursus arctos horribilis grizzly bear Open areas, river valleys and brush lands. Yes Yes S3 Special Concern 3 BIRDS Aix sponsa wood duck Wooded lakes, ponds, lowland sloughs and No No SAB --- streams with willows and cottonwoods.

Pump Station Preferred Habitat in within Species Vicinity of Pump Provincial Additional Scientific Name Common Name Habitat Range Station Rank 1 Designations Anthus spragueii Sprague's pipit Bush, grassland, dry lake bottoms and No No S4B (W) Threatened 3,5 moderately grazed native prairie. Aquila chrysaetos golden eagle Rocky outcrops, sparsely treed mountain Yes No S3B Not at Risk 3 slopes and grassland habitats with coulees, steep riverbanks and canyons. Ardea herodias great blue heron Open shallow water at edges of freshwater No No S3B (W) --- lakes and streams. Bartramia longicauda upland sandpiper Open, grassy uplands, hay fields, pastures, wet No No S3B (W) --- meadows and old fields with minimal shrub or tree growth. Botaurus lentiginosus American bittern Areas with a dense growth of emergent No No S3S4B (W) --- vegetation or tall grasses. Carpondacus cassinii Cassin's finch High open montane coniferous forests and No No S2B --- mixedwood forests. Certhia americana brown creeper Coniferous and mixed mature forests. No S3S4 --- Chlidonias niger black tern Shallow lakes, marshes, sloughs, ponds and No No S3B (W) Not at Risk 3 wet meadows. Cyanocitta stelleri Steller's jay Coniferous woods, dense shrubbery of Yes No S2 (W) --- A2 avalanche slopes. ‐

10 Cygnus buccinator trumpeter swan Small to medium-sized shallow, isolated lakes Yes No S3B Not at Risk 3, with well developed emergent and submergent Threatened4 plant communities. Cypseloides niger black swift Cliff faces in canyons/ cliffs by waterfalls or No No S1B --- seepages. Empidonax difficilis pacific-slope flycatcher Moist woods, groves, shady canyons. Yes No SU --- Empidonax occidentalis cordilleran flycatcher Coniferous and deciduous woodlands along Yes No SU --- streams or ravines. Empidonax traillii willow flycatcher Shrubbery along streams or lake edges or open No No S3B --- areas. Euphagus carolinus rusty blackbird River groves, wooded swamps, muskeg. Yes No S4B(W) --- Falco mexicanus prairie falcon Canyons and coulees of the badlands, or cliffs Yes No S3B (W) Not at Risk 3 of river valleys. Grus canadensis sandhill crane Marshes, bogs adjacent to ponds. Yes No S4B (W) --- Histrionicus histrionicus harlequin duck Fast flowing streams surrounded by forests or Yes No S3B --- patches of willow. Icterus bullockii Bullock's oriole More open deciduous woodland along streams, No No SU --- river valleys and farmland. Lophodytes cucullatus hooded merganser Ponds, lakes, rivers that have fish available and Yes No S2B --- woodland to provide nesting habitat.

Pump Station Preferred Habitat in within Species Vicinity of Pump Provincial Additional Scientific Name Common Name Habitat Range Station Rank 1 Designations Melanerpes lewis Lewis's woodpecker Open areas with scattered trees, burntlands No No SH --- with standing dead wood, logged over places, wooded roadsides and open woodland. Phalacrocorax auritus double-crested Large lakes or reservoirs, low-lying islands. Yes No S3B (W) Not at Risk 3 cormorant Pheucticus melanocephalus black-headed grosbeak Cottonwood groves, willows and mature forests No No S2B --- with undergrowth. Picoides arcticus black-backed Decaying trees in burns, logged areas and Yes No S2S3 --- woodpecker windfalls in mixed or coniferous forests. Stellula calliope calliope hummingbird Avalanche slopes, burns, shrubby meadows. Yes No S2B --- Strix varia barred owl Mature mixedwoods with open areas; Yes No S3S4 (W) --- lakeshores and stream valleys. Surnia ulula northern hawk owl Open coniferous or mixedwoods, muskeg. Yes No S3S4 (W) Not at Risk 3 Tympanuchus phasianellus sharp-tailed grouse Open prairie, shrubby sandhills, coulees and Yes No S4 (W) --- margins of watercourses. Vireo cassinii Cassin's vireo Open or dense lodgepole, mixed, Douglas fir No No S2B --- and spruce stands.

A2 HERPETILES

‐ Ambystoma macrodatylum long-toed salamander Shallow areas of permanent ponds to semiarid Yes Yes S3 --- 11 sagebrush deserts and alpine meadows.

Ambystoma tigrinum tiger salamander Short grassy prairie, aspen parkland, boreal No No S4 (W) --- forest and even subalpine areas. Bufo boreas (boreas) western toad Forested areas, wet shrublands, avalanche Yes Yes S4 (W) Special slopes, meadows, clearcuts, streamsides, Concern 3,5 shallow pond edges; often with dense shrub cover. Chrysemys picta painted turtle Found in ponds, lakes and streams, with quiet No No S1 --- waters, muddy or sandy bottoms. Rana luteiventris Columbia spotted frog Found associated with permanent water. No No S3 Not at Risk 3 Rana pipiens northern leopard frog Springs, streams, marshes and permanent No No S2S3 Special waterbodies. Concern 3,5, Threatened4 Thamnophis elegans western terrestrial Broad habitat preference: frequents (but not Yes Yes S3S4 Not at Risk 3 garter snake restricted to) ponds or marshes or ditches or dugouts in all habitat types. Thamnophis sirtalis red-sided garter snake Broad habitat preference: frequents (but not Yes Yes S3 --- restricted to) ponds or marshes or ditches or dugouts and streams in all habitat types. Note: Sources and notes provided at end of table A2-1

TABLE A2‐4

SPECIES OF CONCERN IN THE HEADWATERS FOREST DISTRICT REARGUARD, FINN AND BLACKPOOL PUMP STATIONS

Pump Station Preferred Habitat within Species in Vicinity of Pump Provincial Additional Scientific Name Common Name Preferred Habitat Range Station Rank 1 Designations MAMMALS Gulo gulo luscus wolverine (western Boreal forests, tundra, subalpine areas. Rearguard No S3 Special Concern 3, population) Finn No Blue4 Blackpool No Martes pennanti fisher Dense coniferous forest. Rearguard No S2 Red 4 Finn No Blackpool No Myotis septentrionalis northern long-eared bat Mixed and coniferous forests. Rearguard Yes S2S3 Blue 4 Ovis canadensis bighorn sheep Alpine meadows, Grassy mountain slopes, foothill None No S2S3 Blue 4 country near rocky cliffs. Rangifer tarandus pop. 1 woodland caribou (southern Boreal coniferous forests, alpine tundra and subalpine Finn No S1 G5T2Q 2, 3,5 A2 mountain population) forest zones. Threatened , 4

‐ Red 12 Ursus arctos grizzly bear Open areas, river valleys, brush lands, alpine tundra Rearguard Yes S3 Special Concern 3, and subalpine forests. Finn No Blue4 Blackpool No BIRDS Aeronautes saxatalis white-throated swift Steep cliffs, rock bluffs, canyons. None No S3S4B,SZN Blue 4 Ardea herodias herodias great blue heron Mature deciduous, coniferous or mixed forests near Blackpool No S3B,S4N Blue 4 water. Asio flammeus short-eared owl Rangelands, grasslands, near dry marshes, farmlands, None No S3B,S2N Special Concern 3, low Arctic tundra, brushy fields, forest clearings. Blue4 Botaurus lentiginosus American bittern Freshwater sloughs, marshes, swamps, shallow lakes. Blackpool No S3B,SZN Blue 4 Buteo swainsoni Swainson's hawk Rangeland, pastures, farmland and marshes. None No S2B,SZN Red 4 Numenius americanus long-billed curlew Large tracts of open grassland with low vegetative Blackpool No S3B,SZN Special Concern 3,5, cover for nesting. Blue4 HERPETILES Bufo boreas western toad Fast, small, permanent forest streams. None No S4 Special Concern 3,5 INVERTEBRATES Clossiana alberta Albert’s fritillary Rocky areas, talus/scree slopes. None No S3 Blue 4 Colias meadii Mead’s sulphur At or near the tree line in mountains, tundra, subalpine None No S3 Blue 4 meadows. Erebia magdalena magdalena alpine Rocky areas above tree line, talus/scree slopes. None No S3 Blue 4

Pump Station Preferred Habitat within Species in Vicinity of Pump Provincial Additional Scientific Name Common Name Preferred Habitat Range Station Rank 1 Designations Oeneis bore edwardsi white-veined arctic, edwardsi Rocky alpine areas; gravelly and shaley tundra. None No S3 Blue 4 subspecies Somatochlora brevicincta Quebec emerald Bogs, fens, and heaths. None No S3 Blue 4 Sources: Banfield 1974, BC MSRM 2003, Campbell et al. 1990, Corkran and Thoms 1996, Stebbins 1966 Notes: 1. Provincial (S) ranks are based solely on the species' status within the province, and range from 1 (5 or fewer occurrences) to 5 (demonstrably secure under present conditions) (NatureServe 2005). S1 = Critically Imperilled: because of extreme rarity or because of some factor(s) making it especially vulnerable to extirpation. Typically 5 or fewer occurrences or very few remaining individuals (<1,000). S2 = Imperilled: because of rarity or because of some factor(s) making it very vulnerable to extirpation. Typically 6-20 occurrences or few remaining individuals (1,000-3,000). S3 = Vulnerable: because rare and uncommon, or found in a restricted range (even if abundant at some locations), or because of other factors making it vulnerable to extirpation. Typically 21-100 occurrences or between 3,000 and 10,000 individuals. S4 = Apparently Secure: uncommon but not rare, and usually widespread in the province. Possible cause of long-term concern. Usually more than 100 occurrences and more than 10,000 individuals. S5 = Secure: common, widespread, and abundant in the province. Essentially ineradicable under present conditions. Typically with considerably more A2 than 100 occurrences and more than 10,000 individuals. ‐

13 S#S# = Range Rank: a numeric range rank (e.g., S2S3) is used to indicate the range of uncertainty about the exact status of the element.

SH = Historical occurrence; usually not verified in the last 20 years, but with some expectation that it may be rediscovered. ? = Inexact numeric rank: denotes inexact numeric rank. A = Accidental: infrequent and outside usual range. Includes species recorded once or only a few times at a location. N = Nonbreeding: basic rank refers to the non-breeding population of the element. B = Breeding: basic rank refers to the breeding population of the element. Q = Questionable taxonomy: taxonomic status is questionable; numeric rank may change with taxonomy. T = Designates a rank associated with a subspecies.

2. Global (G) ranks are based on a species’ status world-wide and follow a system parallel to that for Provincial Ranks (Note 1), ranging from 1 (5 or fewer occurrences) to 5 (demonstrably secure under present conditions). For legibility, ranks G4-G5 and T4-T5 are not displayed. (NatureServe 2005)

3. Committee on the Status of Endangered Wildlife in Canada (COSEWIC 2005). Species listed as “Extirpated”, “Not at Risk” or “Data Deficient” were generally not included in the table without other noteworthy factors being present. Endangered: A species facing imminent extirpation or extinction. Threatened: A species likely to become endangered if limiting factors are not reversed. Special Concern: A species that is particularly sensitive to human activities or natural events, but is not an endangered or threatened species. Not at Risk: A species that has been evaluated and found not to be at risk. Data Deficient: A species for which there is inadequate information to make a direst, or indirect, assessment of its risk of extinction.

4. BC Provincial List (BC MSRM 2003) Red List: Includes species that have been legally designated as endangered or threatened under the Wildlife Act; are extirpated; or are candidates for such designation. Blue List: Includes species not immediately threatened but of concern because of characteristics that make them particularly sensitive to human activities or natural events. Yellow List: Includes uncommon, common, declining and increasing species – all species not included on the Red or Blue Lists.

5. Species at Risk Act (Government of Canada 2002). The Act establishes Schedule 1 as the list of species to be protected on all federal lands in Canada. The Act also applies to all lands in Canada for Schedule 1 bird species cited in the Migratory Birds Convention Act (Government of Canada 1994) and Schedule 1 aquatic species as determined by Fisheries and Oceans Canada (Pickett pers. comm.). Endangered: a species that is facing imminent extirpation or extinction Threatened: a species that is likely to become an endangered species if nothing is done to reverse the factors leading to its extirpation or extinction Special Concern: a species that may become a threatened or an endangered species because of a combination of biological characteristics and identified threats

A2 ‐ 14

TABLE A2‐5

SPECIES OF CONCERN IN THE KAMLOOPS FOREST DISTRICT STUMP, MERRITT AND JULIET PUMP STATIONS

Pump Station Preferred Habitat within Species in Vicinity of Provincial Additional Scientific Name Common Name Preferred Habitat Range Pump Station Rank 1 Designations MAMMALS Corynorhinus townsendii Townsend's big-eared bat Cultivated valleys bordered by open deciduous Stump No S2S3 Blue 4 forests, brush or coniferous forests. Euderma maculatum spotted bat Open and dense coniferous and deciduous forests, Merritt Yes S3S4 Special Concern 3, hayfields, marshes and riparian areas. Blue4 Gulo gulo luscus wolverine Boreal forests, tundra, subalpine areas. Juliet No S3 Special Concern 3, (western population) Blue4 Martes pennanti fisher Dense coniferous forest. Stump Yes S2 Red 4 Myotis ciliolabrum western small-footed bat Rocky outcrops and crevices in badlands. None No S2S3 Blue 4 Myotis thysanodes fringed bat Arid pine forests. None No S2S3 Special Concern 3, Blue4 A2 Ovis canadensis bighorn sheep Alpine meadows, Grassy mountain slopes, foothill None No S2S3 Blue 4 ‐ country near rocky cliffs. 15 4 Perognathus parvus great basin pocket mouse Arid, sandy short-grass steppes; brushland; wheat None No S2S3 Blue fields. Taxidea taxus American badger Open grasslands, aspen parkland, farmlands. Merritt No S1 Endangered 3,5, Red4 Ursus arctos grizzly bear Open areas, river valleys, brush lands, alpine tundra None No S3 Special Concern 3, and subalpine forests. Blue4 BIRDS Aeronautes saxatalis white-throated swift Steep cliffs, rock bluffs, canyons. None No S3S4B,SZN Blue 4 Ardea herodias herodias great blue heron Mature deciduous, coniferous or mixed forests near None No S3B,S4N Blue 4 water. Asio flammeus short-eared owl Rangelands, grasslands, near dry marshes, Merritt No S3B,S2N Special Concern 3, farmlands, low Arctic tundra, brushy fields, forest Blue4 clearings. Athene cunicularia burrowing owl Open areas of short-grass, ferns and sagebrush. None No S1B,SZN Endangered 3,5, Red4 Botaurus lentiginosus American bittern Freshwater sloughs, marshes, swamps, shallow None No S3B,SZN Blue 4 lakes. Buteo swainsoni Swainson's hawk Rangeland, pastures, farmland and marshes. Merritt No S2B,SZN Red 4 Dolichonyx oryzivorus bobolink Open meadow and pasture land with moist areas of None No S3B,SZN Blue 4 tall grass and hayfields. Falco mexicanus prairie falcon Foothills, valleys, river canyons with steep rocky cliffs Merritt No S2B,SZN Not at Risk 3, adjacent to open areas. Red4

Pump Station Preferred Habitat within Species in Vicinity of Provincial Additional Scientific Name Common Name Preferred Habitat Range Pump Station Rank 1 Designations Falco peregrinus anatum peregrine falcon River canyons and cliffs bordering large lakes. None No S2B,SZN G4T3 2, Threatened3,5, Red4 Grus canadensis greater sandhill crane Bogs, marshes, swamps and meadows. None No S3S4B,SZN Not at Risk 3, Blue4 Melanerpes lewis Lewis's woodpecker Deciduous groves, open ponderosa pine forests, None No S3B,SZN Special Concern 3,5, sage-pine-bunchgrass grassland, farmland, pasture Blue4 land, orchards and urban areas. Numenius americanus long-billed curlew Large tracts of open grassland with low vegetative Merritt No S3B,SZN Special Concern 3,5, cover for nesting. Blue4 Otus flammeolus flammulated owl Well-spaced Douglas firs of varying ages with an open Stump Yes S3S4B,SZN Special Concern 3,5, understorey. Blue4 Otus kennicottii macfarlanei interior western screech-owl Mature deciduous riparian woodlands; lower Stump No S1 Endangered 3,5, elevation; needs cavities in old, large trees for nesting Red4 and roosting; known from southern Okanagan valley south of Kelowna. Recurvirostra americana American avocet Mud flats, estuaries, ponds, marshes, lakeshores, None No S2B,SZN Red 4 sewage lagoons. A2 Sphyrapicus thyroideus Williamson's sapsucker Forested areas at elevations between 850 and Stump Yes S3B,SZN Blue 4 ‐ thyroideus 1,300 m. Principally western larch, interior Douglas fir Merritt No 16

and Ponderosa pine forests. Juliet No Spizella breweri breweri Brewer's sparrow Arid, subalpine or alpine shrublands. None No S2B Red 4 Tympanuchus phasianellus sharp-tailed grouse Bunchgrass grasslands, sagebrush flats, open Merritt No S2S3 G4T3 2, columbianus Ponderosa pine, lodgepole pine and birch woodlands. Blue4 HERPETILES Bufo boreas western toad Fast, small, permanent forest streams. Stump No S4 Special Concern 3,5 Merritt No Juliet No Charina bottae rubber boa Typically in dense shrub cover in forested areas, wet None No S4 Special Concern 3,5 shrublands, avalanche slopes, meadows and clearcuts. Chrysemys picta painted turtle Moist coniferous forests and woodlands. Stump No S3S4 Blue 4 Coluber constrictor racer Ponds, marshes, rivers, streams and irrigation ditches Merritt No S3S4 Blue 4 that have a rocky or muddy bottom. Contia tenuis sharp-tailed snake Open meadows, prairies, thin brush and forest glades. None No S1 Endangered 3,5, Red4 Crotalus oreganus western rattlesnake Woodland, grassland, forest, pastures, open None No S3 Threatened 3, meadows on the edge of coniferous forests. Blue4 Pituophis catenifer gopher snake Prairie, brushland, woodland, coniferous forest, None No S3 Threatened 3,5, deserticola farmland. Blue4 Spea intermontana great basin spadefoot Marshes, permanent ponds, lake edges, slow Stump No S3 Threatened 3,5, streams. Blue4

Pump Station Preferred Habitat within Species in Vicinity of Provincial Additional Scientific Name Common Name Preferred Habitat Range Pump Station Rank 1 Designations INVERTEBRATES Danaus plexippus monarch Open areas, particularly where milkweeds are None No S3B,SZN Special Concern 3,5 present. Blue4 Sources: Banfield 1974, BC MSRM 2003, Campbell et al. 1990, Corkran and Thoms 1996, Stebbins 1966 Notes: Notes provided at the end of Table A2-4 A2 ‐ 17

TABLE A2‐6

SPECIES OF CONCERN IN THE CHILLIWACK FOREST DISTRICT HOPE, WAHLEACH AND PORT KELLS PUMP STATIONS

Pump Station Preferred Habitat in within Species Vicinity of Pump Provincial Additional Scientific Name Common Name Preferred Habitat Range Station Rank 1 Designations MAMMALS Aplodontia rufa rainieri mountain beaver Riparian forests; lower mountain valleys None No S3 Special to timberline. Concern 3,5, Blue4 Aplodontia rufa rufa mountain beaver Riparian forests; lower mountain valleys None No S1S2 Special to timberline. Concern 3,5, Red4 Clethrionomys gapperi southern red-backed vole Coniferous or hardwood forests, aspen Port Kells No S1 Red 4 occidentalis bluffs and shrubby vegetation. Corynorhinus townsendii Townsend's big-eared bat Cultivated valleys bordered by open Wahleach No S2S3 Blue 4 deciduous forests, brush or coniferous

A2 forests.

‐ Gulo gulo luscus wolverine (western population) Boreal forests, tundra, subalpine areas. Wahleach No S3 Special Concern 3, 18 Blue4

Lasiurus blossevillii western red bat Riparian, deciduous forests. None No S1 Red 4 Lepus americanus washingtonii snowshoe hare Forests, swamps, riverside thickets, None No S1 G5T3T5 2, mixed deciduous and coniferous forests. Red4 Myotis keenii Keen's long-eared bat Forests, glades and rivers. None No S2 G2G3 2, Data Deficient3, Red4 Scapanus townsendii Townsend's mole Cultivated fields, meadows, open forest. Wahleach Yes S1 Endangered 3,5, Red4 Sorex bendirii Pacific water shrew Dense, moist coniferous forests, Port Kells No S1S2 Threatened 3,5, beaches, marshes. Red4 Sorex trowbridgii Trowbridge's shrew Coniferous forests. Wahleach No S3S4 Blue 4 Port Kells No Ursus arctos grizzly bear Open areas, river valleys, brush lands, None No S3 Special Concern 3, alpine tundra and subalpine forests. Blue4 BIRDS Aechmophorus occidentalis western grebe Deep medium to large lakes with None No S1B,S3N Red 4 extensive stands of emergent vegetation. Ardea herodias fannini great blue heron Mature deciduous, coniferous or mixed Wahleach No S3B,S4N Special Concern 3, forests near water. Port Kells No Blue4

Pump Station Preferred Habitat in within Species Vicinity of Pump Provincial Additional Scientific Name Common Name Preferred Habitat Range Station Rank 1 Designations Asio flammeus short-eared owl Rangelands, grasslands, near dry Wahleach Yes S3B,S2N Special Concern 3, marshes, farmlands, low Arctic tundra, Blue4 brushy fields, forest clearings. Botaurus lentiginosus American bittern Freshwater sloughs, marshes, swamps, None No S3B,SZN Blue 4 shallow lakes. Brachyramphus marmoratus marbled murrelet Larger forested coastal islands and Wahleach No S2B,S4N G3G4 2, mainland forests. Threatened3,5, Red4 Butorides virescens green heron Fresh or brackish sloughs, slow-moving Port Kells No S3S4B,SZN Blue 4 rivers and lakes with thickets or woodlands along the shore. Coccyzus americanus yellow-billed cuckoo Thickets of deciduous vegetation. None No SXB,SAN Red 4 Columba fasciata band-tailed pigeon Edges and openings of mature Hope No S3S4B,SZN Blue 4 coniferous, mixed and deciduous forests, Wahleach No city yards and parks, wooded groves, open bushland. Eremophila alpestris strigata horned lark Above the timberline on mountains, arid None No SX G5T2 2, prairie land, heavily grazed grasslands, Endangered3, A2 fallow fields, pastures. Red4 ‐ Falco peregrinus anatum peregrine falcon River canyons and cliffs bordering large Hope No S2B,SZN G4T3 2, 19 3,5

lakes. Threatened , Red4 Grus canadensis sandhill crane (Georgia Bogs, marshes, swamps and meadows. Port Kells No S1 G5T1Q 2, depression population) Red4 Melanerpes lewis Lewis's woodpecker (Georgia Deciduous groves, open ponderosa pine None No SXB,SZN Red 4 Depression population) forests, sage-pine-bunchgrass grassland, farmland, pasture land, orchards and urban areas. Otus kennicottii kennicottii coastal western screech owl Semi-open deciduous and coniferous Wahleach No S3 Special woodlands; lower elevation, often close to Port Kells No Concern 3,5, water; needs cavities in old, large trees Blue4 for nesting and roosting; known from the coasts of southern Vancouver Island and the lower mainland. Phalacrocorax auritus double-crested cormorant Rocky islands. None No S2B,SZN Not at Risk 3, Red4 Progne subis purple martin Sheltered estuaries and harbours, None No S2B Red 4 deciduous second growth near ponds, lakes, mudflats and farmland. Recurvirostra americana American avocet Mud flats, estuaries, ponds, marshes, None No S2B,SZN Red 4 lakeshores, sewage lagoons.

Pump Station Preferred Habitat in within Species Vicinity of Pump Provincial Additional Scientific Name Common Name Preferred Habitat Range Station Rank 1 Designations Sialia mexicana western bluebird (Georgia Forests, grasslands, park-like woodlands; Wahleach Yes SHB,SZN Red 4 Depression population) prefers interspersed trees and grassy or forb-clothed openings. Sphyrapicus thyroideus Williamson's sapsucker Forested areas at elevations between None No S3B,SZN Blue 4 thyroideus 850 and 1,300 m. Principally western larch, interior Douglas fir and Ponderosa pine forests. Sterna caspia Caspian tern Beaches, tidal mudflats, sheltered bay, None No S3B,SZN Not at Risk 3, large lakes. Blue4 Strix occidentalis caurina spotted owl Old-growth forests. Hope No S1 G3 2, Endangered3,5, Red4 Sturnella neglecta western meadowlark (Georgia Natural grasslands, agricultural Wahleach Yes SXB,SZN Red 4 Depression population) grasslands, pastures, open forest, parkland areas, grassy shrubland habitat. Tyto alba barn owl Agricultural areas, open woodlands. Port Kells No S3 Special Concern 3,5, Blue4

A2 HERPETILES ‐ Ascaphus truei coastal tailed frog Wet forests on steep slopes, high Wahleach No S3S4 Special 20 3,5

elevations and talus. Concern , Blue4 Bufo boreas western toad Fast, small, permanent forest streams. None No S4 Special Concern 3,5 Charina bottae rubber boa Typically in dense shrub cover in forested None No S4 Special areas, wet shrublands, avalanche slopes, Concern 3,5 meadows and clearcuts. Chrysemys picta painted turtle Moist coniferous forests and woodlands. None No S3S4 Blue 4 Dicamptodon tenebrosus coastal giant salamander Sandy beaches, warm seas. Wahleach No S2 Threatened 3,5, Red4 Rana aurora red-legged frog Streambanks, seeps, moist rocky habitats Hope No S3S4 Special in forested edges. Wahleach No Concern 3,5, Blue4 Rana pretiosa Oregon spotted frog Marshes, wet meadows, riparian areas, None No S1 G2G3 2, moist, open woods. Endangered3,5, Red4 INVERTEBRATES Argia emma Emma’s dancer Streams and rivers, or along lake shores Port Kells No S3S4 Blue 4 near inlet or outlet streams. Cercyonis pegala incana common woodnymph, incana Large grassy areas including open Wahleach Yes S3 Blue 4 subspecies meadows, bogs, and fields. Charidryas hoffmanni Hoffman’s checkerspot Valley openings and meadows. Wahleach Yes S2S3 Blue 4

Pump Station Preferred Habitat in within Species Vicinity of Pump Provincial Additional Scientific Name Common Name Preferred Habitat Range Station Rank 1 Designations Colias occidentalis western sulphur Mountain slopes, and subalpine None No S3S4 G3G4 2, meadows; brush and sunny clearings in Blue4 forests. Epitheca canis beaverpond baskettail Bog-margined lakes and ponds and their None No S3 Blue 4 acidic discharges. Erynnis propertius propertius duskywing Open oak or mixed woodlands with the None No S3 Blue 4 foodplant oaks. Erythemis collocata western pondhawk Cattail/bulrush marshes, including None No S3 Blue 4 margins of lakes and ponds. Euphyes vestris dun skipper Variable habitats, including bogs, fens, None No S3 Blue 4 herbaceous wetlands, scrub-shrub wetlands, grasslands, old fields, shrubland, suburban areas, orchards, coniferous and mixed woodlands. Loranthomitoura johnsoni Johnson’s hairstreak Old-growth coniferous forests with red None No S1S2 G2G3 2, firs, western hemlocks, or gray pines Red4 where parasitic mistletoe Arceuthobium campylopodum occurs.

A2 Macromia magnifica western river cruiser Wave-washed lake shores with little None No S3 Blue 4

‐ vegetation; warmer slow-flowing, 21 southern lowland streams or montane streams that drain lake basins, beaver ponds or peatlands. Octogomphus specularis grappletail Near small streams with numerous riffles. None No S2 Red 4 Oeneis nevadensis great arctic Relatively mature open conifer forest with None No S3 Blue 4 grassy areas. Pachydiplax longipennis blue dasher Still water in ponds, lakes, marshes, and None No S3S4 Blue 4 bogs. Papilio indra indra swallowtail Arid rocky mountainous lands; canyons, None No S2 Red 4 cliffs, foothills, barrens. Sympetrum vicinum autumn meadowhawk Permanent ponds or slow streams. None No S3S4 Blue 4 Sources: Banfield 1974, BC MSRM 2003, BugGuide.net 2005, Campbell et al. 1990, Cannings and Cannings 2005, Corkran and Thoms 1996, eNature 2005a,b, Epitheca page 2005, Gloria Mundi Press 2005, Lung and Sommer 2001, NatureServe 2005, Royal BC Museum 2005, Stebbins 1966 Notes: Notes provided at the end of Table A2-4