Museum of Comparative ZOOLOGY ANNUAL REPORT Harvard University

2008–2009

Annual Report 2008 – 2009 1 Director’s Message

his year, the MCZ celebrates its 150th anniversary. Louis Agassiz’s Tvision to build a zoological museum that would provide a comprehensive resource for scientists from Harvard and beyond came to fruition long ago. Today, this vision is sustained through the efforts of a dedicated contingent of faculty-curators, staff, and students. Although scientific theories, controversies, and methods may evolve, the core mission of the Museum remains paramount: to serve as a world-renowned center for research and education in evolutionary useum omparative and comparative biology through the maintenance and study of scientific M of C collections. This annual report, the first in thirty years, chronicles important activities of the past year, highlights noteworthy accomplishments, and provides Catherine Weisel an annual record of this remarkable institution. ZOOLOGY The past academic year is defined by many of our active involvement in, and support successes and opportunities. As does any of, Harvard’s education programs. ANNUAL REPORT institution with a long history, we constantly Undergraduate and graduate courses offered seek to improve our facilities. This year, by our faculty-curators always are in high Harvard University we extensively renovated several collection demand. Additionally, an in-house grants rooms and made more modest improvements program funds curator-supervised research to many others. The herpetology library was projects by students that typically take them transformed into a multi-purpose facility for out of the classroom and into the field. course lectures, specimen-based labs and The MCZ’s collections and research seminars; it also provides a workspace for continue to be showcased in the Harvard curatorial staff and visiting scientists. Look- Museum of Natural History. Opening in ing forward, we anticipate relocating several spring of 2010, a temporary exhibition collections to a state-of-the-art belowground will focus on the diversity and evolution of facility in Harvard’s new NorthWest Building horns and antlers in mammals. New England and, in November 2009, installing two whale Forests, a permanent exhibition opening skeletons to float over the main staircase at its in spring of 2011, will feature the role of 52 Oxford Street entrance. forests in carbon sequestration and address The MCZ recognizes the importance threats from invasive . of sharing data with the larger scientific As we begin the MCZ’s next 150 years, we community. To that end, we continue our remain committed to our ambitious agenda multiyear effort to digitally capture essential to promote and enable cutting-edge research, information regarding our 21+ million to teach the next generation of professional specimens. Once migrated to MCZbase, Cover photo credits: zoologists and educated laypersons, to 2008–2009 our museum-wide database, these data are Top, left to right: Marie Manceau, Emily forge partnerships with a global network Berl/Harvard News Office, Cyndi A. Wood, fully searchable online. MCZbase facilitates of scientists, and to ensure the longterm Catherine Weisel, Cyndi A. Wood worldwide collaborations through integration conservation and utility of our invaluable Bottom, left to right: Cyndi A. Wood, with other global databases, Gonzalo Giribet, Don Lyman, Cyndi A. collections. I am grateful for the dedication among them the Encyclopedia of Life and the Wood, Camille Bonneaud and hard work of everyone associated with Global Biodiversity Information Facility. Opposite page photo credits: the MCZ who insure this institution’s success. Left to right: Catherine Weisel, Adam Baldinger, Renee Duckworth, Rose Lincoln/ The MCZ is both a research and a teaching James Hanken Harvard News Office, Farish A. Jenkins, Jr. museum, hence I am particularly proud Director 21 million extant and fossilized specimens in Innovative Research, Rich Collections, ten research collections. As a premier uni- The Vision of Louis Agassiz versity museum and research institution, the The Museum of Comparative Zoology owes and a Vibrant Future specimens and their related data are avail- its founding to the extraordinary vision and able to researchers and educators worldwide. energy of Louis Agassiz. In 1845, while directing a small museum and teaching or 150 years, the Museum of Comparative Zoology (MCZ) at Harvard The Harvard Museum of Natural History natural history in Switzerland, Agassiz was University has been an eminent center for research and education was established in 1998 as the public face of asked to deliver the Lowell Lectures in F Boston. Agassiz promoted a new discipline the Museum of Comparative Zoology and focused on the comparative relationships of life, devoted to the he called “comparative zoology,” endorsing other natural history museums at Harvard. advancement of evolutionary biology and biodiversity science, and dedicated the classification of living things based on The HMNH showcases the incomparable their anatomical similarity, a message that to the preservation, , and use of its collection and archives. collections of its parent museums and the was well received in Boston. Once installed research of scientists across the University as a professor at Harvard University, The MCZ was founded in 1859 primarily Innovative Research as well as an array of educational programs Agassiz began raising funds for a grand, new museum that would illustrate through the efforts of Louis Agassiz, a patterns of organic similarity through morphology, embryology, paleontology Today, the Museum of Comparative Zoology for school age children to adults. brilliant lecturer and natural history scholar and geographic distribution, primarily to provide material for scientific is comprised of 14 faculty-curators who over- from Switzerland. As a leading institution for research by professionals. see the Museum’s 12 departments: Biological International Initiatives When the MCZ opened in 1859, Agassiz filled the Museum with his personal

Cyndi A. Wood modern zoological research, the MCZ honors Oceanography, Entomology, Herpetology, The Museum of Comparative Zoology is active Agassiz’s desire to illuminate the structures of collection, specimens gathered from Harvard faculty and students on collecting Ichthyology, Paleontology, in several global projects that are exploring living things, their natural classification, and expeditions, and fossil collections purchased from Europe. According to Mary Invertebrate Zoology, Malacology, Mam- evolutionary relationships and the diversity the relationship with their surroundings. Winsor, author of Reading the Shape of Nature, “Probably the most novel malogy, Marine , Ornithology, of life through collaborative research and and important difference between the MCZ and any existing collection was Populations Genetics, and data sharing. New information in the field of that Agassiz’s new museum was a training ground for a new generation of Paleontology. The faculty-curators also comparative zoology is generated continuously, professional zoologists.” Agassiz’s students played a central role in the Museum, with responsibilities for collecting and curating specimens, as well as research. retain a professorial appointment through and the MCZ is proud to participate in these Harvard’s Department of Organismic and innovative efforts to capture, integrate, The 150-year anniversary of the MCZ will be commemorated with a series Evolutionary Biology, conducting research manipulate, and share these data: of lectures beginning in October 2009. Director James Hanken will speak and educating Harvard’s undergraduate and on “This Brick Ark: Celebrating the Museum of Comparative Zoology’s First • Encyclopedia of Life, an unprecedented 150 Years and the Beginning of the Next 150.” Dr. Cristián Samper, Director graduate students. An active and productive effort to make information on Earth’s 1.8 of the National Museum of Natural History at the Smithsonian Institution, will roster of faculty, researchers, postdoctoral examine “Natural History Museums and Society,” and Dr. Michael Novacek, million identified species freely accessible fellows, and graduate students contribute American Museum of Natural History Paleontologist, Senior Vice-President through the Internet. to the world’s knowledge in the fields of and Provost of Science, will discuss the importance of “Natural History systematics, evolution, biomechanics, • Biodiversity Heritage Library, an effort Museums in the Environmental Century.” genetics, behavior, and ecology. to digitize the published literature of biodiversity into one comprehensive web- The MCZ’s Ernst Mayr Library and its February 10, 2009: based collection. archives assist the work of the Museum MCZ specimens by providing and preserving information are among the • Assembling the Tree of Life, a U.S. first objects to be resources and services that support the re- National Science Foundation program photographed search and teaching activities of the Harvard that seeks to reconstruct the evolutionary and “synthed” by using innovative community. The Concord Field Station, a origins of all living things by demonstrating Photosynth digital- 62-acre research facility located in Bedford, their genealogical relationships. imaging technology Massachusetts, houses specimen prepara- from Microsoft. • Biodiversity Informatics initiatives that de- tion facilities and the largest specimens from Photosynth velop and integrate specimen databases and some of the MCZ’s collections. combines digital collection records to provide unprecedented photos of a single object to produce a access to primary biodiversity information. Rich Collections three-dimensional, Such initiatives include the Global Biodiver- on-screen image Museum collections are an integral and fun- sity Information Facility (GBIF), FishNet 2, that can be zoomed damental component of zoological research and rotated. HerpNET, Mammal Networked Information and teaching. The MCZ holds one of the System (MaNIS), Ornithological Informa- Justin Ide/Harvard News Office world’s richest and most varied resources for

Jessica Cundiff tion System (ORNIS), and VertNet. studying the diversity of life, with more than 2 Museum of Comparative Zoology Annual Report 2008 – 2009 3 FACULTY-CURATORS MCZ Faculty-Curators

Andrew A. Biewener James Hanken George V. Lauder Charles P. Lyman Professor of Biology Professor of Biology Professor of Biology Director, Concord Field Station Alexander Agassiz Professor of Alexander Agassiz Professor of Chair, Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology Zoology Zoology Prof. Biewener’s research focuses on the biomechanics, MCZ Director Curator of Ichthyology neuromuscular function, and control of animal movement. Curator of Herpetology Prof. Lauder’s research exam- His goal is to understand general principles that govern Prof. Hanken utilizes labora- ines the structure, function, the biomechanical and physiological design of vertebrate tory-based analyses and field and evolution of , neuro-musculoskeletal systems. surveys to examine the evolution of morphology, develop- particularly fishes and . His current studies include mental biology, and systematics in amphibians. Current areas investigating the biomechanics of aquatic locomotion in sharks Scott V. Edwards of research include the evolution of craniofacial patterning and ray-finned fishes and analyses of musculoskeletal function Professor of Biology in vertebrates; the developmental basis of life-history evolu- during feeding and locomotion. Additional interests include Alexander Agassiz Professor of Zoology tion; systematics, , and evolution of neotropical and biological fluid mechanics, theoretical approaches to the Curator of Ornithology Asian salamanders; and declines and conservation. analysis form and function in organisms, and the history and Prof. Edwards’ research focuses on the evolutionary biology of philosophy of morphology and physiology. birds and relatives, using the guiding principles of population Hopi E. Hoekstra genetics, geographic variation, genome evolution, systematics, John L. Loeb Associate Professor Karel F. Liem and natural history. Current projects include utilizing genomic of Natural Sciences Professor of Biology technologies to examine sex chromosome and genome Curator of Mammalogy Henry Bryant Bigelow Professor evolution across the reptile-bird transition, speciation analysis Prof. Hoekstra combines of Ichthyology and phylogeography in Austrailian and North American birds, field and laboratory work to Curator of Ichthyology as well as genomics of host-parasite co-evolution in House understand the evolution of Prof. Liem’s research focuses

Tony Rinaldo Tony Finches and their bacterial pathogens. mammalian diversity from on the functional morpholo- morphology to behavior. gy, ecology, and evolutionary

Lynn Johnson Specifically, her research aspects of teleost fishes. His Gonzalo Giribet focuses on the genetic basis of adaptive change—identifying particular interests include Professor of Biology examining the interface between functional morphology Curator of Invertebrate Zoology both the ultimate causes (e.g., the strength and timing of selection) and the proximate mechanisms (e.g., the underly- of the feeding apparatus and trophic ecology, and how Prof. Giribet’s primary research focuses on the evolution and biogeography of ing molecular changes) responsible for traits that help organ- functional morphological features relate with patterns of invertebrate . Working in molecular isms survive and reproduce in the wild. diversity and evolutionary rates. systematics since the field’s early days, he is also interested in philosophical aspects Farish A. Jenkins, Jr. Jonathan Losos of sequence data analysis, emphasizing Professor of Biology Professor of Biology

National Geographic homology-related issues. Stu Rosner Alexander Agassiz Professor of Zoology Monique and Philip Lehner Professor Curator of Vertebrate Paleontology for the Study of Latin America Prof. Giribet’s interests have remained diverse, with research concentrating Brian D. Farrell Professor of Anatomy in the Harvard- Curator of Herpetology in —including , myriapods, , and crustaceans—in Professor of Biology locations around the world, and he is the primary investigator for a National MIT Division of Health Sciences and Curator of Entomology Prof. Losos’ research focuses on Science Foundation’s Assembling the Tree of Life grant. Consequently, Technology (Harvard Medical School) the behavioral and evolutionary researchers in the Giribet Lab have studied a wide range of invertebrates Prof. Farrell’s research is broadly concerned Prof. Jenkins’ research inter- ecology of lizards, specifically since the lab’s inception in 2000. Current projects in the Giribet Lab include a with whether the diversity of species on earth ests are broadly in the area of how lizards interact with multidisciplinary study for Assembling the Protostome Tree of Life, Assembling is a cause or consequence of the diverse roles the Bivalve Tree of Life and other research into molluscan phylogeny and vertebrate evolution, focusing their environment and how

different species play in ecosystems, particu- Rose Lincoln/Harvard News Office evolution, phylogeography and evolution of marine invertebrates, as well as on comparative anatomy of fossil and recent vertebrates lizard have diversified larly between insects and . The Farrell multiple projects involving research on systematics, evolution, and and the evolutionary pathways of structural and functional evolutionarily. His laboratory integrates approaches from Lab serves as a base for the Tree of biogeography. In addition to Prof. Giribet, the 14 lab members include a faculty development. Prof. Jenkins maintains active field research in systematics, ecology, behavior, genetics, and functional assistant, research assistant, five postdoctoral associates, five graduate Life project, a collaborative and comprehen- vertebrate paleontology, and in 2006 was part of an expedi- morphology, taking both observational and experimental students, one undergraduate student, and several visiting researchers. sive phylogenetic study of this most diverse tion that discovered Tiktaalik roseae, the missing link between approaches in the field and in the laboratory. group of animals. fish and land animals, in the Canadian Arctic. 4 Museum of Comparative Zoology Annual Report 2008 – 2009 5 FACULTY-CURATORS EMERITUS

Charles R. Marshall Kenneth J. Boss Richard C. Lewontin Professor of Biology and Professor of Geology Faculty-Curator Emeritus Professor of Biology, Emeritus Curator of Invertebrate Paleontology Professor of Biology, Emeritus Alexander Agassiz Professor of Zoology, Emeritus

Prof. Marshall uses techniques in paleontology, developmen- Prof. Boss, former Curator of Malacology, has been An evolutionary geneticist, Prof. Lewontin pioneered tal biology, statistics, molecular and morphological phyloge- with Harvard for 40 years. His research focus is the the field of molecular population genetics by merging netics to understand the nature and causes of evolutionary classification, systematics, and evolution of molluscs, using molecular biology and evolutionary theory, as well as innovation and extinction over geological time scales. data from shell morphology, anatomy, and zoogeography the philosophical and social implications of genetics and to analyze the phylogenetic relationships within various evolutionary theory. Prof. Lewontin’s current research Naomi E. Pierce groups of gastropods and bivalves. He has also published involves computer simulation and evaluation of statistical Sidney A. and John Hessel Professor of Biology on the history of Malacology. Prof. Boss has contributed tests for selection. Among his many books are The Genetic Curator of Entomology extensively to the Occasional Papers on Mollusks and Basis of Evolutionary Change; Biology as Ideology: the Doctrine of Prof. Pierce’s research uses molecular and morphological formerly served as editor for Breviora and the Bulletin of the DNA; Human Diversity; and The Triple Helix: Gene Organism data to reconstruct the evolutionary history of . Museum of Comparative Zoology. and Environment. He served as President of the Society for The goal of this research is to clarify the systematics and the Study of Evolution, the American Society of Naturalists, classification of these insects, and to investigate how host Alfred W. Crompton and the Society for Molecular Biology and Evolution. and ant associations have shaped their patterns of Faculty-Curator Emeritus diversification. Fisher Professor of Natural History, Emeritus Edward O. Wilson Honorary Curator in Entomology Prof. Crompton, former Curator of Mammalogy, was the Pellegrino University Professor, Emeritus Director of the MCZ from 1970-1982 and the former James J. McCarthy Director of the Peabody Museum of Natural History, Yale Prof. Wilson is considered the founder of sociobiology and Professor of Biological Oceanography University and the South African Museum, Capetown. evolutionary psychology, and has developed the base of Alexander Agassiz Professor of His primary research interests are the origin and evolution modern biodiversity conservation. He has received many of Biological Oceanography the world’s leading prizes in recognition of his research and Acting Curator of Malacology of mammals, functional anatomy, neural control, and evolution of feeding in recent and fossil vertebrates. environmental activism. He was awarded two Pulitzer Prizes Prof. McCarthy’s research focuses on Prof. Crompton is a fellow of the American Academy for for his books The Ants (1990, with Bert Hölldobler) and On factors that regulate the processes of Human Nature (1978). In 2007, Prof. Wilson received the primary production and nutrient supply in Arts and Sciences, and the American Association for the the ocean. Through controlled laboratory Advancement of Science. He received two Guggenheim Technology, Entertainment, Design (TED) Prize, where studies and field investigations, Prof. fellowships for his research on vertebrate paleontology he articulated the concept of the Encyclopedia of Life—a McCarthy and his group examine the and functional morphology. contemporary, dynamic web page for every named species. Jean-Francois Bertrand Pat Raven effects of strong seasonal or interannual climate change on marine life and biogeochemical systems. Herbert W. Levi Robert M. Woollacott Prof. McCarthy has served on national and international planning committees, Faculty-Curator Emeritus In Memoriam Professor of Biology advisory panels, and commissions relating to oceanography, polar science, and Professor of Biology, Emeritus On the 3rd of September 2009, the study of climate and global change for federal agencies, intergovernmental Curator of Marine Invertebrates the MCZ lost a dear friend and bodies, and international organizations. For the past two decades Prof. Prof. Woollacott’s research focuses on A former Curator of Arachnology, Prof. colleague, Karel F. Liem, Henry McCarthy has worked as an author, reviewer, and as a co-chair with the Nobel aspects of marine invertebrate life history Levi’s research focuses on the taxonomy Bryant Bigelow Professor of Peace Prize winning Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), of new world orb weaving araneid Ichthyology. In addition to his heading the working group addressing impacts of and vulnerabilities to global such as synchronization of reproductive genera. The author of and Their distinguished research career climate change at the Third IPCC Assessment. He was also one of the lead events and ecology and physiology of in the evolutionary morphology Kin, as well as numerous articles on various authors on the Arctic Climate Impact Assessment, and a Vice-Chair of the 2007 larvae. Topics of particular interest of fishes, Karel was an spider genera, his research has made Northeast Climate Impacts Assessment. include larval dispersal and population Carlton SooHoo esteemed lecturer, author, and possible identification of 1,500 species mentor. Karel and Hetty, his wife, were treasured members of the Harvard Prof. McCarthy, former Director of the MCZ from 1982 to 2002, is a Fellow connectivity, as well as human impacts on in 66 genera in the Americas. Prof. Levi community, serving as master and co-master of Dunster House for 12 and former President of the American Association for the Advancement of the distribution of marine organisms. years and leading international cultural and ecological tours through the Science (AAAS), a Fellow of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences, served as president of the International Harvard Museum of Natural History travel program. Karel’s professional and a Foreign Member of the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences. He Society of Arachnology and in 2007 won contributions, personal warmth, and raucous laughter will be missed is the recipient of the New England Aquarium’s David B. Stone award for the ISA’s Eugene Simon Award for lifetime tremendously. distinguished service to the environment and the community and was named achievement for his immense influence 2009 Scientist of the Year by the Harvard Foundation. on spider research. He has made his A symposium celebrating Karel’s life and work will be held at the annual extensive collection of drawings of orb meeting of the American Society of Ichthyologists and Herpetologists in Providence, Rhode Island, in July 2010. weavers’ genitalia available online.

6 Museum of Comparative Zoology Annual Report 2008 – 2009 7 COURSES

OEB 155r: Biology of Insects Courses in 2008–2009 Led by (undergraduate) Naomi E. Pierce (and Michael R. Canfield) MCZ Faculty-Curators Introduction to the major groups of insects—life history, morphology, physiology, OEB 91r: Supervised Reading: Mammalogy Organismic and and ecology—through a combination of (undergraduate) Evolutionary Biology lecture, lab, and field exercises. Hopi E. Hoekstra OEB 10: Foundations of Biological Classification, distribution, life histories, OEB 157: Global Change Biology Diversity (undergraduate) economic importance, techniques of field (undergraduate) Brian D. Farrell (and N. Michele Holbrook) study, method of collection, and preservation James J. McCarthy (and Paul R. Moorcroft) An integrated approach to the diversity of of mammals. Examines natural and anthropogenic life, emphasizing how chemical, physical, changes in the earth system and their genetic, ecological, and geologic processes OEB 113: Paleobiological Perspectives on impact on the structure and functioning of contribute to the origin and maintenance of Ecology and Evolution (undergraduate) terrestrial and oceanic ecosystems. biological diversity. Charles R. Marshall Introduction to the analysis of key problems OEB 173: Comparative Biomechanics Emily Berl/Harvard News Office OEB 51: Biology and Evolution of OEB 10: Foundations of Biological in paleobiology, with an emphasis on how (undergraduate) Invertebrate Animals (undergraduate) Diversity evolutionary and ecological processes Andrew A. Biewener (and Jacques Dumais) Gonzalo Giribet (and Cassandra G. Extavour) operate on geologic timescales. An exploration of how animals and plants Introduction to invertebrate diversity with contnd with their physical environment, OEB 234: Topics in Marine Biology special emphasis on the broad diversity of OEB 121a: Advanced Structure and OEB 230: Speciation (undergraduate) considering their biomaterial properties, animal forms, their adaptations to different Physiology of the Vertebrates (undergraduate) structural form, and mechanical interaction Hopi E. Hoekstra ecosystems, and how these phenomena Andrew A. Biewener, George V. Lauder with the environment. The latest advances in speciation with a focus shape animal evolution. (and Daniel E. Lieberman) on controversial issues and new approaches. Introduction to experimental techniques OEB 181: Systematics (undergraduate) OEB 53: Evolutionary Biology OEB 234: Topics in Marine Biology used to investigate the structure and Gonzalo Giribet and Charles R. Marshall (undergraduate) (undergraduate) physiology of vertebrates, where each Theory and practice of systematics, Hopi E. Hoekstra (and Andrew J. Berry) instructor offers research projects that are emphasizing issues associated with Robert M. Woollacott Micro- and macro-evolution, ranging from undertaken in their laboratory. homology statements and alignments, Human impacts on marine life and population genetics through molecular evolu- methods of tree reconstruction, and ecosystems of the sea. OEB 130: Patterns & Processes in tion to the grand patterns of the fossil record. OEB 121b: Advanced Structure Fish Diversity hypothesis evaluation. and Physiology of the Vertebrates OEB 255: Nature and Regulation of (undergraduate) OEB 190: Biology and Diversity of Birds Marine Ecosystems (undergraduate) Andrew A. Biewener, George V. Lauder (undergraduate) James J. McCarthy A presentation of topics of current interest (and Daniel E. Lieberman) Scott V. Edwards Optional extension of initial project Introduction to the biology of birds covers in marine ecosystems, with emphasis undertaken in OEB 121a into a thesis research avian origins, physiology and anatomy, on identification and quantification of project. higher-level systematics and field characters, biological and environmental factors speciation processes, nesting and courtship important in the regulation of community OEB 139: Evolution of the Vertebrates behavior, vocalizations, mating systems and structure in the intertidal, deep benthic, (undergraduate) sexual selection, cooperative breeding, and planktonic realms. Farish A. Jenkins, Jr. demography, and conservation. OEB 261r: Developmental Mechanisms of Origination and evolution of the major Evolutionary Change (graduate) groups of vertebrates, with emphasis OEB 211r: Form, Function, and Evolution on the anatomical and physiological (undergraduate) James Hanken (and Arkhat Abzhanov) Graduate seminar course in evolutionary transformations that occurred during Karel F. Liem the transitions to diverse lineages of fish, Evolutionary mechanisms underlying the developmental biology discussing the latest amphibians, reptiles, birds, and mammals. diversity in design of living vertebrates. advances in understanding the cellular and molecular developmental mechanisms that underlie important evolutionary phenomena.

8 Museum of Comparative Zoology Annual Report 2008 – 2009 9 COURSES COURSES

OEB 334: Behavioral Ecology Core Curriculum BIOS S-74: Marine Life and Ecosystems Naomi E. Pierce of the Sea SCIENCE B-53: Marine Biology Robert M. Woollacott OEB 335: Ichthyology and Functional (undergraduate and Gen Ed Credit Course) The life history and adaptations of marine Anatomy of Fishes Robert M. Woollacott life and the ecosystems of the sea, with Karel F. Liem Explores the life histories and adaptations emphasis on understanding the fragility of marine life and the ecosystems of the sea. OEB 341: Coevolution and resilience of marine systems in the face Brian D. Farrell SCIENCE B-65: Evolutionary Biology of anthropogenically driven perturbations. (undergraduate) OEB 345: Biological Oceanography BIOS S-21: A Comparative Anatomical Jonathan Losos James J. McCarthy Perspective of Human Origins and Health The process of biological evolution, the Karel F. Liem OEB 355: Evolutionary and Ecological way the biosphere and its inhabitants have A functional perspective of comparative Diversity changed through time, and how human vertebrate anatomy, with concentration on James Hanken actions affect the evolutionary process. Farish A. Jenkins, Jr. the important evolutionary transformations OEB 167: Herpetology OEB 362: Research in Molecular Evolution of selected organ systems and their functional Environmental Science Scott V. Edwards meaning during the diversification of the and Public Policy major groups of vertebrates. OEB 367: Evolutionary and Ecological OEB 234: Topics in Marine Biology ESPP 90f: Global Change and Human OEB 275r: Frontiers of Ecology and Diversity Health (undergraduate) BIOL S-112: Study Abroad at Oxford: Evolutionary Biology (graduate) Jonathan Losos James J. McCarthy (and Paul R. Epstein) Darwin and the Origins of Evolutionary Biology Scott V. Edwards (and other OEB Faculty) OEB 370: Mammalian Evolutionary Genetics Explores hypothesized linkages between Naomi E. Pierce (and Andrew Berry) A survey of the foundations and frontiers of Hopi E. Hoekstra changes in ecosystems, climate, and the ecology and evolutionary biology, delivered epidemiology of certain infectious diseases. The history of thought on evolution from its mythic beginnings in creation stories by OEB faculty. Freshman Seminar ESPP 91r: Supervised Reading and through the theories of Charles Darwin. Freshman Seminar 31v: The Beasts Research (undergraduate) Graduate Courses of of Antiquity and their Natural History James J. McCarthy (and members of the BIOL S-113: Study Abroad at Oxford: Reading and Research (undergraduate) Committee) Darwin and Contemporary Evolutionary OEB 307: Biomechanics, Physiology and Farish A. Jenkins, Jr. (and Kathleen M. Coleman) Supervised reading and research on topics Biology Musculoskeletal Biology A study of the animals of the ancient not covered by regular courses of instruction. Naomi E. Pierce (and Andrew Berry) Andrew A. Biewener Mediterranean basin, offering parallel The history of evolutionary biology in the post-Darwinian world, following strands of OEB 310: Metazoan Systematics introductions to the classics and to Harvard Extension School thought either introduced or ignored by Gonzalo Giribet organismal and evolutionary biology. and Harvard Summer School Darwin in The Origin of Species through to Includes first-hand study of specimens BIOS E-225: Human Impacts on OEB 313: Paleobiological the present. in the Museum of Comparative Zoology Marine Communities Approaches to Evolution and and coins and artifacts from Harvard’s Robert M. Woollacott BIOL S-165: Study Abroad in Malaysia: Ecology collection of antiquities. How anthropogenic-driven events are The Biodiversity of Borneo Charles R. Marshall impacting the structure and function of Naomi E. Pierce (Campbell Webb, Charles Davis, OEB 320: Biomechanics and Life Sciences marine communities. and Paul Moorcroft) Evolution of Vertebrates LIFESCI 2: Evolutionary Human The evolutionary and ecological processes BIOS E-25: Comparative Functional George V. Lauder Physiology and Anatomy (undergraduate) that lead to the amazingly high biodiversity Anatomy of the Vertebrates George V. Lauder, Andrew A. Biewener (Peter T. on Borneo, as well as the issues that OEB 323: Advanced Vertebrate Karel F. Liem Ellison and Daniel E. Lieberman) seriously threaten that diversity today. Anatomy Introduction to vertebrate evolution, Explores human anatomy and physiology Farish A. Jenkins, Jr. development, and function with discussion from an integrated framework, combining of the structure, function, and evolutionary OEB 325: Marine Biology functional, comparative, and evolutionary patterns of each major organ system. Robert M. Woollacott perspectives on how organisms work. Farish A. Jenkins, Jr. OEB 167: Herpetology

10 Museum of Comparative Zoology Annual Report 2008 – 2009 11 COLLECTIONS

systematic invertebrate paleontological containing more than 200,000 specimen Collections: Critical to the Study of collections in North America with more lots. The collection is type-rich, and contains than 1 million specimens, including historical specimens from the late 19th and the Earth’s Biodiversity 10,000 type specimens. The majority of early 20th centuries. Recent and ongoing specimens are loose fossils or fossils on slabs. projects include databasing the collection, he Museum of Comparative Zoology was founded on the concept that Approximately 100,000 specimens, including rehousing all fluid-preserved specimens, all type specimens, are searchable online. and assessing the collections’ storage needs collections are an integral and fundamental component of zoological T The department also completed data capture for current and future curation. research and teaching. The MCZ contains more than 21 million specimens of the historic catalog ledgers—around Ornithology in ten research collections that comprise one of the world’s richest and most 98,000 specimen records—and they are The ornithology collection is one of the most being prepared for migration to MCZbase. Jon Chase/Harvard News Office varied resources for studying the diversity of life. As a premier university diverse collections of its kind containing Father and son artists Leopold and museum and research institution, the MCZ’s specimens and their related Invertebrate Zoology every of birds and approximately 85% Rudolph Blaschka meticulously shaped The collection is comprised of more than of the known species of birds, including glass and wire into lifelike models of data are available to researchers and educators worldwide, and use of the invertebrate animals. The Blaschka 1 million specimens of which 7,663 are 2,300 primary type specimens. The Glass Invertebrate collection at the James Hanken collections in student research and teaching is also encouraged. primary types, and includes extensive collection is rich in historical specimens, Museum of Comparative Zoology and historically important metazoan (and with an extensive archive of extinct birds. consists of over 400 models including Herpetology sea anemones, jelly fish, octopus, sea Digital Specimen Records protozoan) collections. The Araneae More than 90% of the collection has cucumbers, marine worms, and land The herpetology collection is nearly Migrate to MCZbase collection is one of the largest in the world, been databased. Additionally, the Aves snails purchased by the MCZ through- unparalleled in research opportunities, out the 1870s and 1880s. In order to make the MCZ’s historically and with all major families represented, and 3D project—made possible by a National containing more than 325,000 specimens scientifically significant holdings increasingly the crustacean collection is among the Science Foundation grant—will construct of great historical value. Specimen data is accessible to researchers and the public, the most important in the world. Over 90,000 an open access online database containing available for search online and through MCZ is migrating all digital specimen records lots have been databased and are being three-dimensional digital skeletal scans. HerpNET and GBIF. All of the standard to MCZbase, a new centralized database. prepared for migration to MCZbase. catalog data has been migrated to MCZbase. Vertebrate Paleontology MCZbase has been populated with more Digital imaging of type material is ongoing; Malacology The vertebrate paleontology collection has than one million specimen records, and this The collection is one of the largest and

Adam Baldinger all amphibian types, turtles, crocodilians, and approximately 90,000 specimens of fossil fish, data capture effort is a museum-wide prior- about two thirds of the lizards are completed, most diverse collections in the world, amphibians, reptiles, birds, and mammals. ity. In addition, existing specimen images and digital X-ray images are being uploaded with 360,000 cataloged lots, 140,000 Specimen data capture has been completed are being linked to the relevant data record. as they are obtained. The original catalog uncataloged lots, and at least 5,000 from the historic catalog ledgers and totals MCZbase conforms to emerging standards ledgers have all been digitized and will be primary type specimens. More than more than 42,000 specimen records. These for natural history collections and will linked to MCZbase, decreasing physical use 286,000 lots have been entered into an records will be searchable online after their facilitate data sharing with organizations like to aid in their preservation. electronic database from historic ledgers migration to MCZbase in FY 2010. the Global Biodiversity Information Facility and specimen labels. The migration to (GBIF), Encyclopedia of Life (EOL), MaNIS, Ichthyology MCZbase is in progress. HerpNET, ORNIS, FishNet 2, and VertNet. The ichthyological collection is among the Ernst Mayr Library Mammalogy best in the world, with specimens dating The Library maintains approximately Collections Highlights back to the late 1700s. The fish collection The mammal collection is one of the largest 320,000 books and journals, as historic, geographic, and taxonomically Entomology has been fully renovated and collection well as a collection of archival diverse university systematic mammal materials and natural history art. The collection is among the richest data are available online. Traditional preparations have been databased and collections in the world and is an important Over the previous academic year, and most historically significant in North 901 books were added to the almost 8,000 digital images—with emphasis resource for research in organismic and America, second only to the Smithsonian collection, circulation increased to

evolutionary biology. It comprises over 80,000 Jacques Burkhardt Institution for primary type holdings. on primary types—are available along 13,000 transactions, and interlibrary voucher specimens, and includes more than Records for all of the 28,000 primary types with more than a thousand digital X-rays borrowing and lending activity increased to 3,000 transactions. The Ernst Mayr 350 holotypes. All specimen data has been are online and 17,000 type specimens and of specimens. These X-rays are a great Library averages about 100 visits per day and undergraduate use of the Library migrated to MCZbase since July of 2009. is up to 16% of the total from 10%. Lending has more than doubled in the last labels have also been imaged. Ongoing asset; in many cases, providing an X-ray and photograph to a researcher has been as year, as have borrowing requests from Ernst Mayr Library users. The Library digitization and imaging projects include the Marine Invertebrates continues its efforts to enhance the presentation of library resources on course effective as sending a specimen on loan. Caribbean Islands Biodiversity Project, the The department houses the extant websites. Staff members are active in local projects such as building general Boston Harbor Islands Biodiversity Project, Invertebrate Paleontology Echinodermata, Bryozoa, Urochordata, and and specific intranet portals (iSites) for the sciences, international projects such as the Biodiversity Heritage Library, Harvard library committees, professional and the Collection Database/ The Department of Invertebrate some of the Brachiopoda. The echinoderm associations, and publishing. Imaging Project. Paleontology represents one of the oldest collection is one of the largest in the world, 12 Museum of Comparative Zoology Annual Report 2008 – 2009 13 COLLECTIONS MCZ NEWS COLLECTIONS AT A GLANCE MCZ Research Making Headlines Collection Size Growth in 2008–2009 Entomology 7.5 million pinned specimens; 155,000 specimens Using DNA to Reorganize the Tree of Life 30,000 fossils A groundbreaking study published in Nature Other findings included the disappearance Herpetology 325,686 total (139,484 amphibians 1,724 amphibians & reptiles by Gonzalo Giribet and colleagues has intro- of the entire taxonomic group of Coeloma- & 186,202 reptiles) duced a potent methodology for mapping ta—animals with fluid-filled body cavities— Ichthyology 1.3 million specimens 670 lots of 23,978 specimens the animal tree of life. The study presented a due to earlier deficient sampling, and Invertebrate Paleontology Over 1 million specimens; 10,000 35 large slabs & 25 small slabs; wide-ranging DNA-based survey of 77 species resolution of a long-standing debate about type specimens 6 specimens of animals, where new data from 29 species the relationships among centipedes and mil- Invertebrate Zoology More than 1 million specimens in 307,000 1,379 lots representing 21 important phyla in the ani- lipedes, arachnids, and jawed insects such as lots; 7,663 primary type specimens mal kingdom—more than half of which had ants and . The spiders, rather than Malacology 360,000 cataloged lots & 140,000 332 lots uncataloged lots; 5,000 type specimens never been examined using the researchers’ the insects, clustered more closely with the method of genomic analysis—were studied centipedes and millipedes. Mammalogy 80,000 specimens 1,835 specimens alongside better-characterized specimens. Marine Invertebrates 200,000 specimen lots The study, funded by three collaborative Ornithology 363,823 specimens 605 specimens After incorporating new data from pro- grants from the National Science Foundation’s Vertebrate Paleontology 90,000 specimens 31 specimens of the temnospondyl plagiosaur, tostomes—including worms, sea spiders, Protostome Assembling the Tree of Life  Gerrothorax pulcherrimus, from the Carlsberg Fjord squids, snails, and comb jellies—the re- Project, was recognized by Discover magazine as Formation of East Greenland searchers found that the resulting phyloge- one of the Top 100 Stories of 2008. netic trees were unexpectedly reorganized. Dunn CW, Hejnol A, Matus DQ, Pang K, Browne WE, Most surprising was evidence contradicting Facilities Upgrades moved onto the shelves. In the lizard (B08) Smith SA, Seaver EC, Rouse GW, Obst M, Edgecombe and snake (B14) rooms, 8 new tank racks and a long-held hypothesis that placed sponges GD, Sørensen MV, Haddock SHD, Schmidt-Rhaesa A, Herpetology Library and 32 new stainless steel tanks were installed to on the most primitive branch of the taxo- Okusu A, Kristensen RM, Wheeler WC, Martindale Collection Rooms MQ, Giribet G (2008) Broad taxon sampling house large and oversized reptiles. nomic tree. Instead, the data strongly indi- During the year the herpetology library (B06) improves resolution of the Animal Tree of Life. cated that comb jellies—gelatinous was renovated to function as a multi-purpose Nature 452: 745-749 Ichthyology Collection Rooms zooplankton—deserved that position. room, with a digital projector, audiovisual The final phase of renovating four major equipment, laboratory tables, and desks ichthyological collection rooms (B13, B15, The Genetics of Evolution installed for classroom use. Additionally, B17, and B18X) was completed. Floors In a commentary in Evolution, evolutionary Professor Hoekstra was also high-density compactor units were installed were lowered, rooms were refitted to geneticist Hopi E. Hoekstra and evolutionary featured in the 2009 National in the area previously occupied by the Anolis maximize space, and compacting shelving biologist Jerry Coyne challenged a popular Geographic article “Modern lizard collection, and reprints and books were was installed, allowing almost all of the idea about the molecular mechanisms that Darwins.” Florida’s oldfield collection to fit into the four rooms. A underlie evolutionary change, generating mice have lighter coats part of this phase was the installation of 9 considerable discussion and controversy in when living on the beaches new tank racks and 31 new stainless steel the scientific community. The idea they chal- than when dwelling inland, tanks in three rooms. The placement of lenged is that shifts in how genes are regu- making them less visible to the largest tanks now stored in a temporary lated, rather than alterations in the genes predators. Prof. Hoekstra location will be completed in FY 2010. themselves, are the key to evolution. Dubbed and colleagues have traced Justin Ide/Harvard News Office Hopi E. Hoekstra Malacology Collection Rooms “evo-devo,” the field emerged when develop- the color difference to the change of a single Two dry collection rooms (454, 455) were mental biologists proposed that mutations in nucleotide in a single gene, which cuts down renovated this year, and newly installed regulatory DNA called cis elements underlie the production of pigment in the fur. Prof. metal cabinets replaced wooden cabinets. many changes in body plans that allow evolu- Hoesktra’s research helps explain Darwin’s Specimen lots of more than 18,600 species tion to proceed, known as the “cis-regulatory process of natural selection on a molecular were arranged alphabetical by family, genus, hypothesis.” In the Evolution article, Profes- level by showing how natural selection molds and species within 3,200 new metal drawers. sors Hoekstra and Coyne argued that the and modifies the DNA of genes and their Books and serials within the departmental idea was far from proven, deconstructing evi- expression to adapt members of a species to library have been cataloged into the HOLLIS dence submitted as proof and its supporting their particular circumstances. system and journals were inventoried, rationale. The ensuing debate was covered Hoekstra HE, Coyne JA (2007) The locus of evolution:

James Hanken assigned, and arranged by call numbers. in the August 8, 2008, issue of Science. evo devo and the genetics of adaptation. Evolution. 61(5):995-1016. 14 Museum of Comparative Zoology Annual Report 2008 – 2009 15 MCZ NEWS: RESEARCH MCZ NEWS

Nature’s 15 Evolutionary Gems Given that many concepts of Darwinian Number 7 in “Gems from Habitats,” “Natural MCZ Projects and Initiatives evolution are still being defined, or even Selection in Lizards” highlights the research Encyclopedia of Life challenged, Nature prepared the resource of Jonathan Losos and colleagues.3 The re- Engaging Students and the Public “15 Evolutionary Gems” to illustrate the searchers introduced a large ground-dwelling empirical existence of evolution and the predatory lizard to six small islands in the EOL’s Learning and Education Group at mechanisms that drive it. Bahamas, with six other islands as controls. the MCZ works to generate global aware- They found that the lizard’s prey—the smaller ness of EOL as a collaborative learning tool, Number 2 in “Gems from the Fossil Record,” Anolis sagrei—spent more time higher up in exploring and promoting new and exciting “From Water to Land” recognizes the vegetation on the islands with the predator; uses that foster understanding and apprecia- significance of the discovery ofTiktaalik natural selection favored larger size in females tion of biological diversity. by Farish A. Jenkins, Jr., and colleagues.1,2 and longer legs in males. Their research More than 360 million years ago, land- Through the Undergraduate Initiative, the showed that the introduction of a predator dwelling tetrapods emerged from an Learning and Education Group is making it could cause individuals of a prey species to Farish A. Jenkins, Jr. aquatic ancestry. The animals that made possible for students to contribute to species change their behavior—and also cause an this landmark evolutionary transition were The Encyclopedia of Life is making authenti- pages through EOL content partners Mush- evolutionary response—to improve survival. long suspected to be shallow-water, fleshy cated information for the world’s biodiversity room Observer, AmphibiaWeb, and Animal finned fishes (Sarcopterygii), but direct 1 Daeschler EB, Shubin NH, Jenkins FA (2006) accessible through a single free website— Diversity Web, who then serve the student fossil evidence remained elusive. In 2006, A tetrapod-like fish and the evolution of www.eol.org—offering people everywhere a submissions through EOL. Via Mushroom the tetrapod body plan. Nature 440: 757-763. Professor Jenkins and colleagues described better understanding of the planet’s 1.8 mil- Observer (www.mushroomobserver.org), well-preserved fossils of Tiktaalik from Arctic 2 Shubin NH, Daeschler EB, Jenkins FA (2006) lion named, living species. Harvard University students at Harvard and three other universi- The pectoral fin of Tiktaalik roseae and the origin of Canada that document the existence of an is one of six cornerstone institutions leading ties assembled fungal species accounts that the tetrapod limb. Nature 440: 764-771. amphibious fish with distinct similarities to this unprecedented effort. were added to EOL in early 2009. Harvard 3 Losos JB, Schoener TW, Spiller DA (2004) herpetology students prepared species tetrapods—from flexible neck to limb-like Predator-induced behavior shifts and natural EOL’s species pages will include scientifically accounts for AmphibiaWeb (www.amphibi- fin structure—thus filling an important selection in field-experimental lizard populations. verified information and access to a wealth

Rose Lincoln/Harvard News Office evolutionary gap in the fossil record. Nature 432: 505-508. aweb.org) as their course project, and the of other materials, including peer-reviewed Encyclopedia of Life Jonathan Losos educational resource Animal Diversity Web articles, photos, videos, and DNA sequences. (animaldiversity.org)—with species accounts urprising oncealed eapons laws in rogs Launched in 2007, EOL currently has 160,000 S C W : C F written by nearly 3,000 students from 35 uni- detailed species pages and 1.4 million base pag- of these specialized structures since their versities—is now being served through EOL. discovery more than 100 years ago. es. It is being assembled by a growing consor- tium of scientists, international organizations, EOL is also partnering with the National The authors examined museum specimens of technology leaders, and prestigious research Geographic Society and the National Park 63 species in seven arthroleptid genera institutions, and tools are being developed to Service to organize and participate in the and found that in two genera, Astylosternus and allow all interested individuals to contribute. BioBlitz system, where scientists, naturalists, David C. Blackburn Trichobatrachus, certain toe bones are distinctly educators, and students document all living As a cornerstone institution, Harvard Univer- claw shaped with pointed tips. Flexing the claw things in a geographically defined ecosystem Vertebrate claws are typically a keratinous sity is extensively involved in the Encyclopedia causes it to break free of the bone and pierce in a 24-hour blitz and upload their findings sheath overlying the end of a digit, but this of Life project. E.O. Wilson, Professor Emeri- the skin, exposing the barb-like tip. Due to the to EOL. The collaborators are also creating

type of claw is rare in amphibians. In an Encyclopedia of Life remarkable regenerative capacity documented tus, initially articulated the concept of EOL at article in Biology Letters, authors David C. web-based educational materials and re- in many amphibians, subsequent healing of the 2007 Technology, Entertainment, Design Blackburn, James Hanken, and Farish A. sources that utilize EOL. www.nationalgeo- the skin and connective tissue would be unsur- (TED) Conference. MCZ Director James Han- Jenkins, Jr., show that certain African graphic.com/field/projects/bioblitz.html prising, but this healing—and a return of the ken chairs the EOL Steering Committee, and have a different type of claw that is unique claw to functionality—is still to be determined. EOL’s Learning and Education component, Another Learning and Education Group in design among living vertebrates. The research was covered by AAAS ScienceNow headed by Marie Studer, is housed at the MCZ. effort is INVOLV—a visualization of life on Certain African frogs struggle and kick Daily News and was named as one of its top 10 Two of Harvard’s libraries—the MCZ’s Ernst earth for educational purposes—being devel- violently when picked up, raking their stories of 2008. Mayr Library and Harvard University Botany oped in collaboration with computer scientists Libraries—are members of the Biodiversity at Harvard. The visualization—displayed on erectile, bony claws to cut their antagonist’s Blackburn DC, Hanken J, Jenkins FA (2008) Concealed Heritage Library, another EOL cornerstone an interactive, multi-touch tabletop computer skin. The researchers completed the first weapons: erectile claws in African frogs. Biology Chia Shen and Michael Horn, ​ detailed anatomical study and interpretation Letters 4: 355–357. institution. In addition, Harvard scientists have screen and a high-resolution data wall—de- Scientists’ Discovery Room Lab, written several EOL species pages, with more buted at HMNH in the arthropod exhibit in Harvard University contributions expected in the future. summer 2009. www.involvweb.org 16 Museum of Comparative Zoology Annual Report 2008 – 2009 17 MCZ NEWS: PROJECTS & INITIATIVES MCZ NEWS

Harvard Museum of Natural History The research of MCZ faculty-curators and The Language of Color was originally a tempo- Awards & Recognition the MCZ’s rich natural history collections rary exhibit, but due to an overwhelming On March 20, the Harvard Foundation pre- were featured in two new exhibitions at public response, it will remain a permanent sented the 2009 Scientist of the Year award the HMNH—Evolution and The Language exhibit at HMNH. The exhibit explores to James J. McCarthy at the annual Albert of Color—overseen by HMNH Executive how animal colors are produced, the varied Einstein Science Conference, “Advancing Director Elisabeth Werby. ways in which color is perceived, and the Minorities and Women in Science, Engineer- diverse messages that animal colors convey. Opening in April 2009, the permanent ing, and Mathematics.” Prof. McCarthy was The exhibition employs specimens from the exhibition Evolution fulfills the museum’s honored for his outstanding work in climate MCZ’s vast collections and highlights the mission to be the public face of the science and marine biology, as well as his cutting edge evolutionary research being

Catherine Weisel important work occurring beyond its studies of climate change across the Arctic conducted by its faculty-curators. The open- Evolution galleries. Farish A. Jenkins’ discovery region. Prof. McCarthy is the Alexander ing lecture, “Nature’s Palette: The Biological of the missing link between fishes and Agassiz Professor of Biological Oceanogra- James J. McCarthy Significance of Color,” was given byHopi Kris Snibbe /Harvard News Office terrestrial vertebrates—Tiktaalik roseae— phy and was Director of the MCZ from 1982 E. Hoekstra. Professor Hoekstra’s research greets visitors in both fossil and model to 2002. into the genetic mechanism that allows the form. Other MCZ research topics include adaptation of camouflage coloration in two In June, Jonathan Losos received the 2009 a display on the evolution of Anolis subspecies of mice is illustrated in a display E.O. Wilson Naturalist Award from the lizards on Caribbean islands—research on the oldfield mice of central Florida, American Society of Naturalists. The award, conducted by Jonathan Losos—and which are brown inland and white when established in recognition of Professor Wil- the investigation into the evolution of living on coastal beaches. Featuring the re- son’s lifetime contributions to ecology and mammalian ear bones from reptilian search of Jonathan Losos, a display of Anolis evolutionary biology, is given each year to a HRH The Princess Royal, Princess Anne, and Dino Martins

jawbones by Alfred “Fuzz” Crompton. Whitley Fund for Nature lizards shows their extraordinary species scholar who has made significant contribu- The exhibit also includes a “trophic tions to the knowledge of a particular eco- variation and demonstrates how diversity in The 2009 Whitley Award was presented to pyramid” of beetles, conceived by Brian D. system or group of organisms. Prof. Losos’ animal color, size, and behavior is shaped by graduate student Dino Martins by HRH Cyndi A. Wood Cyndi A. Farrell, with each specimen representing variations in habitat and lifestyle. work with anole lizards in the West Indies has Language of Color The Princess Royal, Princess Anne, during a approximately 1,000 species. contributed fundamentally to understanding ceremony at the Royal Geographical Society, of the roles of natural selection, competition, London, on May 13, 2009. The award recog- and niche evolution in shaping assemblages IMLS & The Biodiversity Heritage Library nizes his work with the East Africa Natural of Anolis species. Four current and former History Society to inform small-scale farmers In September 2008, the Institute of Museum and Library Services members of the Losos lab from MCZ and of the vital role insects play in pollinating (IMLS) awarded MCZ’s Ernst Mayr Library a planning grant of Washington University won the American crops and encourage them to adopt conserva- $40,000 to plan an efficient, cost-effective, large-scale digitization Society of Naturalists’ 2009 Young Investiga- tion-friendly methods of agriculture. workflow with enhanced metadata for biodiversity library materials tors’ Prizes: Renee Duckworth, Luke Har- designated as “special collections.” Under the direction of Librarian mon, Jason Kolbe, and Brian Langerhans. Jesse Weber, a graduate student in Hopi E. Connie Rinaldo and Judy Warnement, Librarian of the Harvard The Young Investigators’ Prizes recognize Hoekstra’s lab, was awarded the W.D. Hamil- University Botany Libraries, the Ernst Mayr Library and its partners outstanding and promising work by investi- ton Award for Outstanding Student Presenta- propose to identify solutions for the challenges of digitizing these gators who received their doctorates in the tion at Evolution 2009, the joint annual meet- rare and valuable book and other materials by developing and three years preceding the award or who are ing of the Society for the Study of Evolution, comparing various technological, economic, and process models. in their final year of graduate school. the Society of Systematic Biologists, and the American Society of Naturalists. The IMLS grant will benefit the Biodiversity Heritage Library (BHL), a project initiated Scott V. Edwards was elected to the 2009 class in 2005 to digitize the published literature of biodiversity held in major natural history of Fellows of the American Academy of Arts museum libraries, botanical libraries, and research institutions into one comprehensive and Sciences, joining one of the nation’s most web-based collection. The Ernst Mayr Library is one of ten institutions participating in the prestigious honor societies and center for in- BHL project, playing a leading role in digitization of rare collections and artwork. To date, dependent policy research. Founded in 1780, BHL has more than 14,000 titles and 37,000 volumes available online. The BHL is also a the American Academy of Arts and Sciences key component of the Encyclopedia of Life, with links to almost 15 million pages of BHL studies complex and emerging problems and digitized biodiversity literature from the EOL species pages. conducts a wide range of interdisciplinary, long-term policy research endeavors.

18 Museum of Comparative Zoology Annual Report 2008 – 2009 19 MCZ PUBLICATIONS MCZ PUBLICATIONS

• Abzhanov A, Extavour C, Groover A, Nemoria (Lepidoptera: Geometridae) inferred Sutton TT (2008) Additional records Wren (Malurus melanocephalus). Evolution of the World (Stuart S, Hoffmann M, Chanson station holding and swimming. Journal of Hodges S, Hoekstra HE, Kramer EM, from COI, COII, and EF1-alpha. Molecular Phylo- of deep-sea fishes from off Greater New 62:3117-3134 J, Cox N, Berridge R, Ramani P, Young B, eds) Zoology 276:1-9 Monteiro A (2008) Are we there yet? genetics and Evolution 49:477-487 England. Northeastern Naturalist 15:317-334 • Limaye N, Belobrajdic KA, Wandstrat AE, p 45. Lynx Edicions, Barcelona, Spain; IUCN, • Travassos MA, Devries PJ, Pierce NE (2008) Tracking the development of new model • Danos N, Fisch N, Gemballa S (2008) The • Herrel A, Vanhooydonck B, Porck J, Irschick Bonhomme F, Edwards SV, Wakeland EK Gland, Switzerland; and Conservation Interna- A novel organ and mechanism for larval sound systems. Trends in Genetics 24:353-360 musculotendinous system of an anguilliform DJ (2008) Anatomical basis of differences in (2008) Prevalence and evolutionary origins tional, Arlington, Virginia, USA production in butterfly caterpillars:Eurybia • Aktipis SH, Giribet G, Lindberg DR, swimmer: muscles, myosepta, dermis, and locomotor behavior in Anolis lizards: a com- of autoimmune susceptibility alleles in natural • Moreno CA, Main RP, Biewener AA (2008) elvina (Lepidoptera: Riodinidae). Tropical Ponder WF (2008) Gastropoda: An overview their interconnections in Anguilla rostrata. parison between two ecomorphs. Bulletin of the mouse populations. Genes and Immunity 9:61-68 Variability in forelimb bone strains during Lepidoptera Research 18:20-23 and analysis. In Phylogeny and Evolution of the Journal of Morphology 269:29-44 Museum of Comparative Zoology 159:213-238 • Linnen CR, Farrell BD (2008) Comparison non-steady locomotor activities in goats. The • Turner LM, Chuong EB, Hoekstra HE Mollusca (Ponder WF, Lindberg DR, eds) pp • Downs JP, Daeschler EB, Jenkins FA, Jr, • Hughes DP, Pierce NE, Boomsma JJ of methods for species-tree inference in Journal of Experimental Biology 211:1148-1162 (2008) Comparative analysis of testis protein 201-237. University of California Press, Berkeley Shubin NH (2008) The cranial endoskeleton (2008) Friends and foes within the factory: the genusNeodiprion (: • Mullen LM, Hoekstra HE (2008) Natural evolution in rodents. Genetics 179:2075-2089 • Alberti G, Lipke E, Giribet G (2008) of Tiktaalik roseae. Nature 456:925-929 the evolutionary biology of symbionts in ). Systematic Biology 57:876-890 selection along an environmental gradient: • Turner LM, Hoekstra HE (2008) The On the ultrastructure and identity of the • Dunn CW, Hejnol A, Matus DQ, Pang K, social insect societies. Trends in Ecology and • Linnen CR, Farrell BD (2008) Phylogenetic a classic cline in mouse pigmentation. Evolu- evolution of reproductive proteins: causes eyes of Cyphophthalmi based on a study Browne WE, Smith SA, Seaver EC, Rouse Evolution 23:672-677 analysis of nuclear and mitochondrial genes tion 62:1555-1570 and consequences. International Journal of of Stylocellus sp. (Opiliones, Stylocellidae). GW, Obst M, Edgecombe GD, Sørensen MV, • Janes DE, Ezaz T, Graves JAM, Edwards reveals evolutionary relationships and mito- • Murienne J, Harvey MS, Giribet G (2008) Developmental Biology 52:769-780 Journal of Arachnology 36:379-387 Haddock SHD, Schmidt-Rhaesa A, Okusu SV (2008) Characterization, chromosomal chondrial introgression in the sertifer species First molecular phylogeny of the major • Turner LM, Hoekstra HE (2008) Reproduc- • Alroy J, Aberhan M, Bottjer DJ, Foote M, A, Kristensen RM, Wheeler WC, Martindale location and genomic neighborhood of group of the genus Neodiprion (Hymenop- clades of Pseudoscorpiones (Arthropoda: tive protein evolution within and between Fürsich FT, Harries PJ, Hendy AJW, Holland MQ, Giribet G (2008) Broad taxon sampling a ratite ortholog of a gene with gonadal tera: Diprionidae). Molecular Phylogenetics and ). Molecular Phylogenetics and species: maintenance of divergent ZP3 alleles SM, Ivany LC, Kiessling W, Kosnik MA, Mar- improves resolution of the animal tree of expression in mammals. Integrative and Evolution 48:240-257 Evolution 49:170-184 in Peromyscus. Molecular Ecology 17:2616-2628 shall CR, McGowan AJ, Miller AI, Olszewski life. Nature 452:745-749 Comparative Biology 48:505-511 • Liu L, Pearl DK, Brumfield RT, Edwards • Nauwelaerts S, Wilga CD, Lauder GV, Sanford • Tytell ED, Lauder GV (2008) TD, Patzkowsky ME, Peters SE, Villier L, • Edgecombe GD, Giribet G (2008) A New • Janes DE, Organ CL, Valenzuela N (2008) SV (2008) Estimating species trees using CP (2008) Fluid dynamics of feeding behaviors Hydrodynamics of the escape responses in Wagner PJ, Bonuso N, Borkow PS, Bren- Zealand species of the trans-Tasman centipede New resources inform study of genome multiple-allele DNA sequence data. Evolution in white-spotted bamboo sharks. The Journal of bluegill sunfish,Lepomis macrochirus. The neis B, Clapham ME, Fall LM, Ferguson CA, order Craterostigmomorpha (Arthropoda: Chi- size, content, and organization in nonavian 62:2080-2091 Experimental Biology 211: 3095-3102 Journal of Experimental Biology 211:3359-3369 Hanson VL, Krug AZ, Layou KM, Leckey EH, lopoda) corroborated by molecular evidence. reptiles. Integrative and Comparative Biology • Lohman DJ, Djunijanti P, Pierce NE, Meier • Organ CL, Moreno RG, Edwards SV (2008) Nürnberg S, Powers CM, Sessa JA, Simpson C, • Tytell ED, Standen EM, Lauder GV (2008) Invertebrate Systematics 22:1-15 48:447-453 R (2008) Phylogeography and genetic diversity Three tiers of genome evolution in reptiles. Tomasovych A, Visaggi CC (2008) Phanerozoic Escaping Flatland: three dimensional • Edwards SV (2008) A smorgasbord of • Jenkins FA, Jr, Shubin NH, Gatesy SM, of a widespread Old World butterfly,Lampides Integrative and Comparative Biology 48:494-504 trends in the global diversity of marine inverte- kinematics and hydrodynamics of median markers for avian ecology and evolution. Warren A (2008) Gerrothorax pulcherrimus from boeticus (Lepidoptera: ) BMC brates. Science 321:97-100 • Organ CL, Janes DE (2008)Evolution of sex fins in fishes.The Journal of Experimental Biology Molecular Ecology 17:945-946 the Upper Fleming Fjord Formation Evolutionary Biology 8:301-305 chromosomes in Sauropsida. Integrative and 211:187-195 • Barr D, Rinaldo C (2008) It’s a zoo out of East Greenland and a reassessment of head • Flammang BE, Lauder GV (2008) Speed- • Losos JB (2008) Phylogenetic niche Comparative Biology 48:512-519 • Van Wassenbergh S, Strother JA, Flammang there: zoology resources. College & Research lifting in temnospondyl feeding. Journal of dependent intrinsic caudal fin muscle conservatism, phylogenetic signal and • Pakes MJ, Woollacott RM (2008) BE, Ferry-Graham LA, Aerts P (2008) Library News 69:221-225 Vertebrate Paleontology 28:935-950 recruitment during steady swimming in the relationship between phylogenetic Reproduction of the gorgonian Plexaura Extremely fast prey capture in pipefish is • Berg AM, Biewener AA (2008) Kinematics bluegill sunfish,Lepomis macrochirus. The • Johnson MA, Leal M, Rodríguez Schettino relatedness and ecological similarity among flexuosain Bermuda. Journal of Experimental powered by elastic recoil. Journal of The Royal and power requirements of ascending and Journal of Experimental Biology 221:587-598 L, Chamizo Lara A, Revell LJ, Losos JB (2008) species. Ecology Letters 11:995-1007 Marine Biology and Ecology 357:121-127 Society Interface 5:285-296 descending flight in the pigeon Columbia( A phylogenetic perspective on foraging mode • Giribet G (2008) On the identity of Pettalus • Losos JB (2008) Rejoinder to Wiens • Sanger TJ, Hime PM, Johnson MA, Diani • Whiteman NK, Pierce NE (2008) Delicious livia). The Journal of Experimental Biology evolution and habitat use in West Indian Anolis cimiciformis and P. brevicauda (Opiliones, (2008): Phylogenetic niche conservatism, its J, Losos JB (2008) Laboratory protocols for poison: genetics of Drosophila host plant 211:1120-1130 lizards. Animal Behaviour 75:555-563 Pettalidae) from Sri Lanka. Journal of occurrence and importance. Ecology Letters husbandry and embryo collection of Anolis specialization. Trends in Ecology and Evolution • Blackburn DC, Hanken J, Jenkins FA, Jr Arachnology 36:199-201 • Kay EH, Hoekstra HE (2008) Rodents. 11:1005-1007 lizards. Herpetological Review 39:58-63 23:473-478 (2008) Concealed weapons: erectile claws in • Giribet, G (2008) Assembling the Current Biology 18:R406-410 • Marshall CR (2008) A simple method African frogs. Biology Letters 4:355-357 • Sanger TJ, Losos JB, Gibson-Brown JJ • Wilson JP, Knoll AH, Holbrook NM, Mar- lophotrochozoan (= spiralian) tree of life. • Kerney R, Hanken J (2008) Gene expression for bracketing absolute divergence time (2008) A developmental staging series for shall CR (2008) Modeling fluid flow inMedul - • Bonneaud C, Burnside J, Edwards SV Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: reveals unique skeletal patterning in the limb on molecular phylogenies using multiple the lizard genus Anolis: a new system for the losa, an anatomically unusual (2008) High-speed developments in avian Biological Sciences 363:1513-1522 of the direct-developing frog, Eleutherodactylus fossil calibration points. American Naturalist integration of evolution, development, and seed plant. Paleobiology 34:472-493 genomics. Bioscience 58:587-595 coqui (Anura: Leptodactylidae). Evolution & 171:726-742 • Giribet G (2008) Bivalvia. In Phylogeny ecology. Journal of Morphology 269:129-137 • Winston JE, Woollacott RM (2008) • Bozhurttas M, Tangorra J, Lauder G, Mittal R Development 10:439-448 and Evolution of the Mollusca (Ponder WF, • Mateos E, Giribet G (2008) Exploring • Sears MAB, Woollacott RM (2008) Alice Redescription and revision of some red (2008) Understanding the hydrodynamics of Lindberg DR, eds) pp 105-141. University of • Kolbe JJ, Larson A, Losos JB, de Queiroz the molecular diversity of terrestrial Robertson: educator and marine zoologist. In pigmented species of Bugula. Bulletin of the swimming: from fish fins to flexible propulsors California Press, Berkeley K (2008) Admixture determines genetic nemerteans (Hoplonemertea, Monostilifera, Annals of Bryozoology 2: Aspects of the History of Museum of Comparative Zoology 159:179-212 for autonomous underwater vehicles. Advances diversity and population differentiation in Acteonemertidae) in a continental landmass. • Gross JB, Hanken J (2008) Segmentation of Research on Bryozoans (Wyse Jackson P, Spen- • Zimkus BM, Blackburn DC (2008) in Science and Technology 58:193-202 the biological invasion of a lizard. Biology Zoologica Scripta 37:235-243 the vertebrate skull: neural-crest derivation of cer Jones M, eds) pp 305-345. International Distinguishing features of the sub-Saharan • Calderón I, Giribet G, Turon X Letters 4:434-437 adult cartilages in the clawed frog, Xenopous • Mathew J, Travassos MA, Canfield ,M Bryozoology Association, Dublin frog genera Arthroleptis and Phrynobatrachus: (2008) Two markers and one history: laevis. Integrative and Comparative Biology • Lauder GV, Madden PGA (2008) Advances Murawski D, Kitching RL, Pierce NE (2008) • Shedlock AM, Janes D, Edwards SV (2008) a short guide for field and museum phylogeography of the edible common sea 48:681-696 in comparative physiology from high-speed The singing reaper: diet, morphology and Amniote phylogenomics: Testing hypotheses researchers. Breviora 513:1-12 urchin Paracentrotus lividus in the Lusitanian imaging of animal and fluid motion.Annual vibrational signaling in the Nearctic species • Gross JB, Hanken J (2008) Review of fate- with large-scale sequence data from reptiles. • Zimmermann JM, Hajibabaei M, Blackburn region. Marine Biology 154:137-151 Review of Physiology 70:143-163 Feniseca tarquinius. Tropical Lepidoptera mapping studies of osteogenic cranial neural In Phylogenomics (Murphy W, ed) pp 91-117. D, Hanken J, Cantin E, Posfai J, Evans T, Jr • Canfield MR, Greene E, Moreau CS, Chen N, Research 18:24-29 crest in vertebrates. Developmental Biology • Lee JY, Edwards SV (2008) Divergence Humana Press, Inc., Totowa, NJ (2008) DNA damage in preserved specimens Pierce NE (2008) Exploring phenotypic plastic- 317:389-400 across the Carpentarian barrier: statistical • Meegaskumbara M, Pethiyagoda R, Chanson • Taft NK, Lauder GV, Madden PGA (2008) and tissue samples: A molecular assessment. ity in Emerald Moths: A phylogeny of the genus • Hartel KE, Kenaley CP, Glabraith JK, phylogeography of the Red-backed Fairy J, Wake D, Hanken J (2008) Pickled frogs help Functional regionalization of the pectoral Frontiers in Zoology 5:5-18 biodiversity assessment. In Threatened Amphibians fin of the benthic longhorn sculpin during

20 Museum of Comparative Zoology Annual Report 2008 – 2009 21 GRANTS MCZ Grant Recipients Putnam Expedition Grants Putnam Expedition Grants are intended to support MCZ faculty-curators, postdoctoral Academic Year 2008–2009 fellows, and graduate students in collecting specimens and data relating to the study of comparative zoology. Priority is given to projects that collect living specimens in regions where habitats are threatened or fossil specimens in regions most likely to hold important clues for unraveling evolutionary strategies. Grants-In-Aid of Undergraduate Research (GUR) Recipient MCZ Department Project Title Amount These grants support research by Harvard undergraduates under faculty supervision. Priority is given to projects that utilize MCZ research collections, laboratories, and facilities. Vera S. Mammalogy Adaptive coloration in beach mice: $5,052 Domingues old or new mutations? Recipient Faculty Sponsor Project Title Amount Gonzalo Giribet Invertebrate Into the heart of darkness—in search $11,694 Noor M. R. Beckwith Naomi E. Pierce Isolating the stimulus for $2,495 Zoology of the rarest of the rare chemotaxis behavior in leaf Evan Kingsley Mammalogy Evolution and development of adaptive $4,145 mining Drosophilid fly larvae tail-length variation in Peromyscus Gonzalo Giribet Adam T. Clark Brian D. Farrell Developing and testing species $1,390 June Yong Lee Ornithology Molecular evolution for reproductive $9,950 diversity models on the MCZ’s genes in Australian fairy wren (Maluridae) Boston Harbor Islands ATBI site Hendrik Müller Herpetology Life history evolution and the terrestrialization $16,515 Collin Johnson Laura Horton Naomi E. Pierce The effect of ant attendance on $2,500 of development in Tanzanian amphibians the aggregation patterns of Brant K. Mammalogy A natural history of genomes in the wild: $7,179 larvae Peterson measuring contributions of selection, Kirsten Kester Colleen M. Investigating temporal genetic $2,500 drift, hybridization and migration to the Cavanaugh variation in the deep-sea vent generation and maintenance of diversity mussel symbionts of

Liam Revell Herpetology A comparative analysis of phenotypic $3,000 Gonzalo Giribet Bathymodiolus thermaphilus and genetic differentiation in two Robert P. Kirkham Andrew Berry Genetic constraints to sexually $2,500 species of Puerto Rican anoles antagonistic selection TOTAL AWARDS $57,535

Jerome Murienne in bluebirds Krzysztof M. Kozak Hopi E. Hoekstra Evolution of tail length variation $2,000 Miyata Grants in the deer mouse (Peromyscus maniculatus) [Fall cycle] Miyata Grants are intended to enable herpetological fieldwork by MCZ graduate students. Non- Krzysztof M. Kozak Hopi E. Hoekstra Evolution of tail length variation $2,500 herpetological fieldwork may be eligible when there are no deserving herpetological projects.

in the deer mouse (Peromyscus Stuart Yoel Recipient MCZ Department Project Title Amount maniculatus) [Spring cycle] Mato Lagator Scott V. Edwards Large-scale multi-locus analysis of $2,500 Martha Muñoz Herpetology Local adaptation and morphological $5,260 evolutionary history in the house variation in the Guadeloupean Anolis finch, Carpodacus mexicanus marmoratus species complex Joanna Larson Hopi E. Hoekstra Genetic relatedness and $1,657.40 Yoel Stuart Herpetology The evolutionary response of Anolis $5,073 Renee Duckworth sex-biased dispersal of carolinensis to competition with an Mus spicilegus invasive species, Anolis sagrei Timothy Truer Naomi E. Pierce Impacts of land use on tropical $5,000 TOTAL AWARDS $10,333 insect biodiversity Gil S. Weintraub Richard W. The energetic significance of $2,480 Robert G. Goelet Summer Research Awards Wrangham thermal and non-thermal Goelet Awards support MCZ graduate student summer research projects. Funds support travel processing of starch-rich foods: implications for human to field sites and related subsistence expenses incurred in pursuit of research objectives. evolution diet Recipient MCZ Department Project Title Amount Jane C. Xie Hopi E. Hoekstra The genetic basis of sexual $2,500 Erin Blevins Ichthyology Influence of environment on locomotion $1,610 morphology in Peromyscus by yellow stingray, Urobatis jamaicensis (deer mice) Alexis Harrison Herpetology Evolutionary change in the invasive lizard $11,290 TOTAL AWARDS $30,022.40 Anolis sagrei Collin Johnson Marine Invertebrates Effects of self-fertilization in bryozoans $2,015 TOTAL AWARDS $14,915 22 Museum of Comparative Zoology Annual Report 2008 – 2009 23 GRANTS GRANTS

Ernst Mayr Travel Grants in Animal Systematics Recipient Institutional Affiliation Project Title Amount Ernst Mayr Grants support travel for research in animal systematics and are open to the scien- Eduard Jendek Ontario Plant Monograph of the genus Agrilus $1,500 tific community worldwide. The principal objective of these grants is to stimulate taxonomic Laboratories, Canadian (Coleoptera, Buprestidae) of work on neglected taxa and/or poorly described species. Ernst Mayr Grants typically facilitate Food Inspection Agency northeastern Asia visits to institutional collections, with preference given to research using the MCZ’s collections. Robert A. Johnson Arizona State University A revision of South American $1,000 species of harvester ants in Recipient Institutional Affiliation Project Title Amount the genus Pogonomyrmex Lilia Akhmetova Zoological Institute, Taxonomic studies of the genus $1,040 Andrea D. Marshall The University of Investigation of Manta genus $750 Russian Academy Aphodius (Coleoptera, Queensland, Australia of devil rays of Sciences Scarabaeidae, Aphodiinae) of Abebe Ameha Universität Basel, Amphibian diversity and conser- $1,500 Russia with emphasis on the Mengistu Switzerland vation in the Ethiopian Highlands species described by Kathryn E. Mickle University of Kansas Unraveling the systematics of $1,200 V. Balthasar palaeoniscoid fishes—lower Gonzalo Giribet Lina Maria Universidade de Generic revision of the $1,500 actinopterygians in need of Almeida-Silva São Paolo, Brazil neotropical and nearactic complete revision spiders of the Macrobuninae Mónica I. Páez El Museo de Zoología de Systematics of the Hyloxalus $1,500 Petrunkevitch (Araneae: la Pontificia Universidad bocagei (Anura: Gonzalo Giribet Amaurobiidae) Católica del Ecuador Dendrobatidae) Ceslo Oliveira Universidade Federal do Type analysis and key to the $1,500 Roberta Paresque Universidade de Patterns of speciation and $750 Azevedo Espírito Santo, Brazil Afrotropical Bethylidae São Paolo, Brazil diversification of rodents of the (Hymenoptera, Chrysidoidea) genus Oligoryzomys Aylin Alegre Barroso Instituto de Ecología y Systematic and compared $1,000 (Rodentia: Cricetidae) Gonzalo Giribet Sistemática, Cuba morphology of Biantidae, Christian Rabeling University of Texas, Austin The evolution of obligate social $1,100 Thorell, 1879 in Cuba in the ant genus (Arachnida: Opiliones: Tapinoma Laniatores) Marcelo Instituto Nacional de A systematic revision of $1,000 Elizabeth Borda Scripps Institute of Photo-documentation and $1,001 Salles Rocha Pesquisas da Amazônia, “ group” Oceanography, University databasing of museum Brazil (Siluriformes: Pimelodidae) Gonzalo Giribet of California, San Diego types of fireworms Aldaberto Universidade Federal Taxonomic revision of the $1,500 (Annelida-Amphinomida) José Santos de Minas Gerais, Brazil neotropical species of the David J. Clarke Field Museum of Biodiversity and speciation in $1,500 orb-weaving spider genus Gonzalo Giribet Natural History Australasian soils: revisionary Eustala (Araneae: Araneidae) systematics and morphology Bernardo Universidade Federal do Systematics of neotropical $1,500 of the rove beetle subfamily Ferreira Santos Espírito Santo, Brazil Cryptinae (Hymenoptera, Euaesthetinae (Coleoptera: Ichneumonidae) Staphylinidae) Jae-Cheon Sohn University of Maryland A taxonomic study of the North $740 Estevam L. Pontifícia Universidade Revision of the subfamily $1,500 American Yponomeutoidea Cruz da Silva Católica do Rio Grande Rhoicininae (Araneae, (Insecta: Lepidoptera) do Sul, Brazil Trechaleidae) Sergey Tarasov Kaluga State 1) Toward the revision of the $1,400 Annelise Museu Paraense, Taxonomy, molecular $1,500 Pedagogical University oriental Onthophagus D’Angiolella Emílio Goeldi, Brazil phylogentic and biogeography (Russia) and University of (Coleoptera, Scarabaeidae, of Anolis chrysolepis Dumeril & Copenhagen (Denmark) Scarabaeinae) 2) Revision of Bibron, 1873 (Squamata: the oriental genus Cassolus Polychrotidae) (Coleoptera, Scarabaeidae, Andrey Frolov Zoological Institute, Revision of the Afrotropical $850 Scarabaeinae) Russian Academy of species of the genus Ilya Tëmkin Smithsonian Institution Towards a global revision of $800 Sciences Orphnus Macleay National Museum pteriodean bivalves: The Fabio Akashi Universidade de Taxonomic revision of the type $1,480 of Natural History importance of MCZ’s Hernandes São Paolo, Brazil specimens of the family historical collections Bdellidae (: Prostigmata) Michael C. Thomas The Museum of Revision of Laemophloeus and $1,200 of the MCZ Entomology, Florida State related genera of North and Collection of Arthropods Central America (Coleoptera: ) TOTAL AWARDS $30,311 24 Museum of Comparative Zoology Annual Report 2008 – 2009 25 MCZ PERSONNEL

Faculty-Curators Emeritus Faculty Gisele Kawauchi Mark Cornwall Financial Data Andrew A. Biewener Kenneth J. Boss Invertebrate Zoology, Giribet Lab Entomology, Pierce Lab Charles P. Lyman Professor of Faculty-Curator, Emeritus; Daniel Kronauer Nicole Danos Biology; Director, Concord Field Professor of Biology, Emeritus Entomology, Pierce Lab Ichthyology, Lauder Lab Station; Chair, Department of Or- hese charts represent the Museum of Comparative Zoology’s income Alfred “Fuzz” Crompton ganismic and Evolutionary Biology David Lentink Amanda Evans Faculty-Curator, Emeritus; Concord Field Station, Biewener Lab Entomology, Farrell Lab and expenses for fiscal year 2009. Endowment income funds much Scott V. Edwards Professor of Natural History, T Catherine Ramsay Linnen Brooke Flammang of the Museum’s activities, including acquisition and maintenance of the Professor of Biology; Alexander Emeritus Agassiz Professor of Zoology; Mammalogy, Hoekstra Lab Ichthyology, Lauder Lab Herbert W. Levi Curator of Ornithology collections, faculty and staff salaries, capital projects, and facilities renovations Faculty-Curator, Emeritus; Liang Liu Ricardo Godinez Brian D. Farrell Professor of Biology, Emeritus Ornithology, Edwards Lab Ornithology, Edwards Lab and maintenance. Transfers include Harvard University-funded faculty Professor of Biology; Curator of Richard C. Lewontin Marie M. Manceau Vanessa Gonzalez Entomology research and financial support for the Ernst Mayr Library. Other Income Professor of Biology, Emeritus; Mammalogy, Hoekstra Lab Invertebrate Zoology, Giribet Lab comprises interest from all remaining balances at the end of the fiscal year, Gonzalo Giribet Alexander Agassiz Professor of Duane McKenna Gretchen Goodbody Professor of Biology; Curator of Zoology, Emeritus Entomology, Farrell Lab Marine Invertebrates, Woollacott Lab Invertebrate Zoology miscellaneous income from publication subscriptions, royalties, sales and Edward O. Wilson Madhava Meegaskumbura Alexis Harrison James Hanken Honorary Curator of Entomology; Herpetology, Hanken Lab Herpetology, Losos Lab fees, and revenue generated from assets purchased through endowments. Professor of Biology; Alexander Pellegrino University Professor, Agassiz Professor of Zoology; Emeritus Hendrik Mueller Emily Jacobs-Palmer Capital Projects include renovation of the ichthyology, invertebrate zoology, and Curator of Herpetology; Director, Herpetology, Hanken Lab Mammalogy, Hoekstra Lab herpetology collection spaces. Building expenses such as maintenance, facility Museum of Comparative Zoology Postdoctoral Fellows Jerome Murienne Collin Johnson Miguel Alcaide Invertebrate Zoology, Giribet Lab Marine Invertebrates, Woollacott Lab improvements, and utilities are captured in the Space and Occupancy category. Hopi E. Hoekstra John L. Loeb Associate Professor of Ornithology, Edwards Lab Terry Ord Zofia Kaliszewska Operating Expenses consist of equipment purchases, supplies, consultant the Natural Sciences; Curator of Sonia Andrade Herpetology, Losos Lab Entomology, Pierce Lab Mammalogy Invertebrate Zoology, Giribet Lab and conferences fees, as well as annual contributions to the Department of Chris Organ Emily Kay Farish A. Jenkins, Jr. Marco Archetti Ornithology, Edwards Lab Mammalogy, Hoekstra Lab Professor of Biology; Alexander Entomology, Pierce Lab Organismic and Evolutionary Biology and to the Harvard Museum of Natural Agassiz Professor of Zoology; Brant Peterson Eunsuk Kim Mammalogy, Hoekstra Lab History for general support, gallery installation, and renovations. Curator of Vertebrate Paleontology; Allison Arnold-Rife Entomology, Pierce Lab Professor of Anatomy in the Concord Field Station, Biewener Lab Tiago Quental Evan Kingsley Harvard-MIT Division of Health Camille Bonneaud Invertebrate Paleontology, Mammalogy, Hoekstra Lab Income Expenses and Non-Operating Funds Sciences & Technology (Harvard Ornithology, Edwards Lab Marshall Lab Medical School) Christopher Laumer Rose Carlson Holger Römpler Invertebrate Paleontology, Federal Nonfederal Sponsored Capitalized Space and Scholarships George V. Lauder Ichthyology, Lauder Lab Mammalogy, Hoekstra Lab Marshall Lab Sponsored Revenue 4% per Donor Occupancy and Awards Professor of Biology; Alexander Andrew Carroll Jessica Rykken June Yong Lee Revenue 11% Reserve Transfers Request 2% 12% 1% Capital Agassiz Professor of Zoology; Curator of Ichthyology Concord Field Station, Biewener Lab Entomology, Farrell Lab Ornithology, Edwards Lab Revenue 7% 2% Projects Other 6% Karel F. Liem David C. Collar Yael Salzman Jeanette Lim Income Gifts Professor of Biology; Henry Herpetology, Losos Lab Mammalogy, Hoekstra Lab Ichthyology, Lauder Lab 1% 6% Bryant Bigelow Professor of Vera Domingues Thomas Sanger Luke Mahler Ichthyology; Curator of Ichthyology Mammalogy, Hoekstra Lab Herpetology, Losos Lab Herpetology, Losos Lab Jonathan Losos Anna Dubiec Andrew Shedlock Ricardo Mallarino Professor of Biology; Monique and Ornithology, Edwards Lab Ornithology, Edwards Lab Entomology, Pierce Lab Philip Lehner Professor for the Study of Latin America; Curator Rodney Eastwood Sacha Vignieri Dino Martins of Herpetology Entomology, Pierce Lab Mammalogy, Hoekstra Lab Entomology, Pierce Lab Operating Salaries and Fringe Charles R. Marshall Heidi Fisher Noah K. Whiteman Carlos Moreno Endowment 69% Expenses 32% Benefits 47% Professor of Biology and of Geology; Mammalogy, Hoekstra Lab Entomology, Pierce Lab Concord Field Station, Biewener Lab Curator of Invertebrate Paleontology Lynne Mullen Megan Frederickson Graduate Students Income Expenses James J. McCarthy Entomology, Pierce Lab Mammalogy, Hoekstra Lab Professor of Biological Oceanogra- Stephanie Aktipis Endowment $11,562,597 Salaries and Fringe Benefits $7,733,296 Anthony Herrel Invertebrate Zoology, Giribet Lab Martha Muñoz phy; Alexander Agassiz Professor of Herpetology, Losos Lab Herpetology, Losos Lab Federal Sponsored Revenue $1,866,581 Operating Expenses $5,282,723 Biological Oceanography; Acting Christopher Baker Liam Revell Reserve Revenue $1,081,298 Space and Occupancy $2,013,327 Curator of Malacology Tim Higham Entomology, Pierce Lab Concord Field Station, Biewener Lab Herpetology, Losos Lab Other Income $948,590 Capital Projects $996,386 Naomi E. Pierce Maude Baldwin Sidney A. and John H. Hessel Shi-Tong Tonia Hsieh Ornithology, Edwards Lab Christopher Richards Nonfederal Sponsored Revenue $584,834 Capitalized per Donor Request $350,603 Professor of Biology; Curator of Herpetology, Losos Lab Concord Field Station, Biewener Lab Entomology Angela Berg Transfers $358,107 Scholarships and Awards $248,271 David P. Hughes Concord Field Station, Biewener Lab Prashant Sharma Robert M. Woollacott Entomology, Pierce Lab Invertebrate Zoology, Giribet Lab Gifts $222,599 Erin Blevins Professor of Biology; Curator of Julie Shoemaker Total $16,624,606 Total $16,624,606 Carlos Infante Ichthyology, Lauder Lab Marine Invertebrates Herpetology, Losos Lab Biological Oceanography, Ron Clouse McCarthy Lab Daniel Janes Invertebrate Zoology, Giribet Ornithology, Edwards Lab 26 Museum of Comparative Zoology Annual Report 2008 – 2009 27 MCZ PERSONNEL MCZ PERSONNEL

Emily Standen Harlan Dean Piotr Naskrecki Marvalee Wake Joseph DeVeer Mara Lyons Tsuyoshi Takahashi Administration for Ichthyology, Lauder Lab Associate of Invertebrate Zoology Associate of Entomology Associate of Herpetology Head of Technical Services, Ernst Faculty/Collection Assistant, Curatorial Assistant, Herpetology the Department University of Massachusetts, Boston Conservation International University of California, Berkeley Mayr Library Vertebrate Paleontology & Collections Operations Yoel Stuart of Organismic and Herpetology, Losos Lab Lloyd Demetrius Michele Nishiguchi Philip S. Ward Samantha Edelheit Joseph Martinez Jennifer Thomson Evolutionary Biology Associate of Population Genetics Associate of Invertebrate Paleontology Associate of Entomology Faculty/Collection Assistant, Curatorial Assistant, Herpetology Faculty/Collection Assistant, Wenfei Tong Rebecca Chetham Harvard University New Mexico State University University of California, Davis Malacology Populations Genetics Mammalogy, Hoekstra Lab Christopher Meehan Director of Administration Philip DeVries Diane B. Paul Peter Weyand Katherine Eldridge Laboratory Technician, Entomology Diana Tingley Sebastian Velez Irv Dumay Associate of Entomology Associate of Population Genetics Associate of Zoology Rice University Curatorial Assistant, Ornithology Curatorial Assistant, Collections Invertebrate Zoology, Giribet Lab Juri Miyamae Building Manager University of New Orleans University of Massachusetts, Boston Operations R. Haven Wiley Anne Everly Curatorial Assistant, Collections Jesse Weber Paul Dwyer Gregory D. Edgecombe David L. Pawson Associate of Ornithology Research Assistant, Herpetology Operations Jeremiah Trimble Mammalogy, Hoekstra Lab Mail Clerk Associate of Invertebrate Zoology Associate of Marine Biology University of North Carolina Curatorial Associate, Ornithology Charles Farnum Paul Morris Yunke Wu Natural History Museum, England Smithsonian National Museum of Jason Green Judith Winston Curatorial Assistant, Entomology Biodiversity Informatics Manager Noemi Velazquez Herpetology, Hanken Lab Natural History Financial Assistant Ben Evans Associate of Marine Biology Curatorial Assistant, Collections Helene Ferranti April Mullins Shaoyuan Wu Associate of Herpetology Stewart Peck Virginia Museum of Natural History Operations Ann Gubnitsky Faculty/Collection Assistant, Marine Acquisitions and Technology Vertebrate Paleontology, Jenkins Lab McMaster University Associate of Entomology Financial Assistant Biology & Biological Oceanography Specialist, Ernst Mayr Library Van Wallach Carleton University Edwin Yoo Stephen Gatesy Staff Curatorial Assistant, Invertebrate Stephanie Hillsgrove Dana Fisher Catherine Musinsky Concord Field Station, Biewener Lab Associate of Vertebrate Paleontology Paulo Petry William Amaral Zoology Financial Assistant Assistant to the Librarian/ Special Faculty/Collection Assistant, Brown University Associate of Ichthyology Preparation Facility Manager, Adrian Young Collections, Ernst Mayr Library Mammalogy Catherine Weisel Philip Norton The Nature Conservancy Vertebrate Paleontology Mammalogy, Hoekstra Lab Richard Glor Museum Projects Coordinator Building Services Coordinator Linda S. Ford John Nevins Associate of Herpetology Steve Poe Adam Baldinger Xuemai Zhai Director, Collections Operations Laboratory Systems Manager for Ken Wilcox Katie Parodi University of Rochester Associate of Herpetology Curatorial Associate, Invertebrate Biological Oceanography, McCarthy Biological Oceanography and Building Superintendent, Concord Administrative Assistant University of New Mexico Zoology and Malacology (acting) Miyako Fujiwara Lab Kelvin A. Guerrero Marine Biology Field Station Curatorial Assistant, Collections Mary Reynolds Associate of Entomology Rolf Ream Dorothy Barr Breda Zimkus Operations Mark Omura Victoria Wilke Personnel Officer Systematic Entomologist/ Associate of Mammalogy Public Services/MCB Liaison Herpetology, Hanken Lab Curatorial Assistant, Mammalogy Curatorial Assistant, Collections Environmental Consultant National Marine Mammal Librarian, Ernst Mayr Library Robert Emilio Furrow Miguelina Romero Operations Laboratory Curatorial Assistant, Ornithology Philip Perkins Financial Assistant Michael Hadfield Emily Becker Associates Curatorial Associate, Entomology Andrew Williston Associate of Marine Biology Michael Rex Faculty/Collection Assistant, Benjamin Goldman-Huertas Shelarese Ruffin Bruce Archibald Curatorial Assistant, Ichthyology Herpetology Alison Pirie Assistant for Human Resources Associate of Entomology Kewalo Marine Laboratory Associate of Malacology Curatorial Assistant, Entomology University of Massachusetts, Boston Faculty/Collection Assistant, Jonathan Woodward Simon Fraser University Berthold Holldobler Daniel Belich Alejandra Guzman Anna Salvato Ornithology Curatorial Assistant, Herpetology Associate of Entomology Jury Rudyakov Reference Librarian, Ernst Mayr Research Assistant, Invertebrate Manager of Financial Operations Aaron Bauer & Collections Operations Library Pedro Ramirez Associate of Herpetology University of Wurzburg Associate of Invertebrate Zoology Zoology Deborah Smiley Harvard University Research Assistant, Concord Field Melissa Woolley Villanova University Gustavo Hormiga Constance Brichford Brendan Haley Web Project Manager Curatorial Assistant, Collections Station Faculty/Collection Assistant, Herpetology Reinier Beeuwkes, III Associate of Invertebrate Zoology Chris Schneider Database Administrator Angel Velarde George Washington University Associate of Herpetology Operations Murat Recevik Robert Young Associate of Zoology Jane Harrison Financial Assistant Ischemix Company (MA) Boston University Ronnie Broadfoot Curatorial Assistant, Malacology Special Collections Librarian, Ernst Alan Kabat Faculty/Collection Assistant, Ellin Wilkins Circulation/Reference, Ernst Mayr Mayr Library Elizabeth Brainerd Associate of Malacology Andrea Sequeira Mammalogy Mark Renczkowski Financial Assistant Attorney, Bernabei & Wachtel, (DC) Associate of Entomology Library Curatorial Assistant, Invertebrate Associate of Ichthyology Karsten Hartel Wellesley College Paleontology Encyclopedia of Brown University Leslie S. Kaufman Greyson Brooks Curatorial Associate, Ichthyology Life, Learning and Associate of Ichthyology Scott R. Shaw Curatorial Assistant, Collections Constance Rinaldo Donald S. Chandler Peg Hedstrom Boston University Associate of Entomology Operations Librarian, Ernst Mayr Library Education Group MCZ Faculty Associate of Entomology Administrator, Concord Field Station University of Wyoming Tracy Barbaro University of New Hampshire Timothy Laman Oliver Caplan Alana Rivera The MCZ’s charter, signed in Anna Holden Project Coordinator Associate of Ornithology Najvot Sodhi Faculty/Collection Assistant, Curatorial Assistant, Malacology 1859, mandates that the Jae Choe Faculty/Collection Assistant, National Geographic Associate of Ornithology Entomology Jeffrey T. Holmes Associate of Entomology Invertebrate Paleontology Ivo Ros Museum’s activities will be National University of Singapore Digital Learning Editor Seoul National University Hortencia Landrau Margaret Carayannopoulos Research Assistant, Concord Field overseen by a governing Kathleen Horton Associate of Entomology Universidad Joel Sohn Financial Officer Station Marie M. Studer board, the Faculty of the Janet Collett Faculty/Collection Assistant, Autónoma de Santo Domingo Associate of Ichthyology Learning & Education Project Director Associate of Population Genetics Paul Chaikin Entomology José Rosado Museum of Comparative Golden Mountain Trading University of Sussex James D. Lazell Curatorial Assistant, Collections Curatorial Associate, Herpetology Zoology. The five current Company (CA) Amie Jones Associate of Herpetology Operations Acknowledgements: Bruce Collette Faculty/Collection Assistant, Entomology Mary Sears members of the Faculty are: The Conservation Agency Stephen Tilley Associate of Ichthyology Mary Catherine Chaikin Head of Public Services, Ernst This annual report was produced Associate of Herpetology Lar Kaufman Dr. John D. Constable National Marine Fisheries Service David Lohman Curatorial Assistant, Collections Mayr Library by the Office of the Director of the Smith College Interlibrary Loan Assistant, Ernst Associate of Entomology Operations Museum of Comparative Zoology. Mr. Robert G. Goelet David Bruce Conn Mayr Library Diane Sheridan Harvard University James Traniello Associate of Invertebrate Zoology Judith Chupasko Faculty/Collection Assistant, Editors: Mr. David B. Stone Associate of Entomology Boston Laura Leibensperger Berry College Vladimir A. Lukhtanov Curatorial Associate, Mammalogy Invertebrate Zoology James Hanken, Director University Curatorial Assistant, Invertebrate Mr. George Putnam, Jr. Associate of Entomology Catherine Weisel, Museum James Costa Stefan Cover Zoology Ingrid Soltero St. Petersburg State University David Wagner Projects Coordinator Associate of Entomology Curatorial Assistant, Entomology Research Technician, Ornithology President Drew Gilpin Faust Associate of Entomology Lisa Litchfield Western Carolina University Russell Mittermeier Copy, Design, & Production: University of Connecticut Jessica Cundiff Administrator, Concord Field Station Cheryl Souza Associate of Herpetology Cyndi Wood & Catherine Craig Curatorial Associate, Invertebrate Faculty/Collection Assistant, Conservation International David Wake Sarah Lupis Michael Molanphy Associate of Invertebrate Zoology Zoology Ichthyology Associate of Herpetology Curatorial Assistant, Mammalogy Creative Project Harvard University William Montevecchi University of California, Berkeley Susan DeSanctis Kira A. Sullivan-Wiley Management, Inc. Associate of Ornithology Memorial Annie Lussier Serials Acquisitions Assistant, Curatorial Assistant, Ornithology www.creativeprojectmgmt.com University of Newfoundland Ernst Mayr Library Curatorial Assistant, Mammalogy 28 Museum of Comparative Zoology Annual Report 2008 – 2009 29 Museum of Comparative Zoology 26 Oxford Street Cambridge, MA 02138

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