Organised Phonology Data

Kunimaipa Language [KUP] Garaina, Guare – Central & Morobe Province Trans New Guinea Phylum; Central and Southeastern Stock; Goilalan Family Population census: 10,000 (1981) Major villages: Kamulai, Suasi, Saurere, Moimo, Erume, Omü Linguistic work done by: SIL Data checked by: Elaine Geary (May 1992)

Phonemic and Orthographic Inventory

 b d    i k l m n  o p r s z t u  a b d e ë g h i ï k l m n ñ o ö p r s z t u ü v A B D E G H I K L M N Ñ O P R S Z T U

Consonants

Bilab LabDen Dental Alveo Postalv Retro Palatal Velar Uvular Pharyn Glottal p b t d k  Nasal m n  Trill r Tap/Flap  s z  Lateral Fricative Approx Lateral l Approx Ejective Stop Implos p pap 'unable'  - apet 'breast' avas 'garden' map 'all' mav 'red' b bah 'he got' t taet 'hair, feather' abar 'sky' etek 'you will see' añarab 'people' maot 'again' m mamog 'beginning' d duv 'black' dumop 'grub' redeo 'decoration' am 'still, also' bad 'hang it up'

Kunimaipa OPD Printed: August 25, 2004 Page 2 n nen 'enough' k kut 'dark' nonop 'mother' kakam 'pain' banop 'thumb' kituk 'at the bags' r rariparo 'we all'  giatur 'stone axe' har 'excrete' gogov 'work' harar 'pig arrow tip' hehag 'he definitely stayed' s sa 'go'  ñaehar 'empty' hesep 'kinship term' ñañalelet 'hair' enas 'knife' señ 'you went' z zaval 'bottom'  hadep 'dog' azap 'kinship term' kahat 'up inside' ropuz 'boy's' ñaiv sah 'he went hunting' l leles 'seed' kelul ' crooked' hol 'pour'

Vowels

i u

o

 There are some occurrences of word final silent in which it seems the preceding is released towards a particular . Those we write are < ë ï ö ü >. Native response to their necessity has varied from word to word, so they are being written at the ends of a few words only. i itis 'firewood' o okoh 'way down' itiñad 'fire' nonor 'road' pi 'he' hat kapoe 'ear' titiap 'head dress' hohoia 'bird sp.'

 el 'cut' apetei 'breast' ne 'I' taieua 'var. bird'

silent vowels:  ahö 'big' horï 'bad' lelamap 'kinship term' agarë 'up there' na 'eat' ahö 'big'

nasotü 'will not be' u urus 'garden mount' dumop 'grub' i iev 'here' gu 'yes'

buo 'bird sp.' i iak 'up there'

Kunimaipa OPD Printed: August 25, 2004 Page 3 io iok 'down there' ou poupoup 'cassowary' popou 'pickapack' iu tiutiu 'worthless' i main 'alone' ñaiñai 'dry' dei 'we (excl.) i deidei 'shaking'  taet 'leaf' tepae 'leaf' earikap 'sweet potato type' 

o maot 'again' beo rez 'to boil' o puao 'bladder' leleo 'seed'

u au 'bark (dog)' eut 'tobacco' u patau 'quickly' oi Koitoi 'a name' bosihoi 'brother'

/i/ /i/ /io/ /iu/ /i/ // /o/ /u/ /i/ // /o/ /u/ /oi/ /o/ /ou/

Suprasegmentals (tone, stress, length) Stress is non-phonemic and occurs usually on penultimate syllable. There is no tone. "Intonation is an independent system closely related to the whole hierarchy of phonological elements. It fits into the system at the level which we call phonological phrase, making this a very diverse part of the system" (Alan Pence 1964).

Syllable Patterns V a.bar 'sky' bu.o 'bird sp.' au 'bark (dog)' tai.eu.a 'bird sp.' pu.ao 'bladder' VC ar 'fly' na.an .did not give' iev 'here' CV ne 'I ' tu.put 'club' ra.ri.pa.ro 'we all' do.do 'shake' dei 'we (excl.)' tiu.tiu 'worthless' te.pae 'leaf' CVC map 'all' e.pat 'this' taet 'leaf' pou.poup 'cassowary'

Conventions: Phonological

/b/ occurs word initially; word medially and word finally both /b/ and // occur and are distinctly two .

/d/ and // may be pronounced with friction medially and finally in fast speech. Word initially they can be voiceless.

/p/ and / k/ are weakened into or sometimes affricates word medially. Kunimaipa OPD Printed: August 25, 2004 Page 4

Word medially // is sometimes pronounced [w] when contiguous to [u] and [o].

// is backed.

/l/ sometimes occurs long or as [dl] word initially. and contiguous to high vowels.

Conventions: Orthographic The letters < ë ï ö ü > occur only word finally and are used only when needed.

The letter < ñ > is used for // because this sound is /n/ in another dialect.

Transcription of a recorded passage 14. Pot tahan Iesu sat Pitaz zeimakeh lokat etehan Pitaz añ lelamap lam midmidio ñadohot orat hehan, 15. etet añ popuh maras pi bahan tin ravahapuh bal hat Iesuz gipiz bareñat tezat manahan nah. 16. Met hapanezai kutur ararao ravovai añarab zei potakari pituhol menat hehari ahoam Iesuz nakoe bat emahan Iesu ñeo hahan hatevetet pituhol menat hehaek berevat sahan lamao tat hehari amun batin batah. 17. Met batam poropet aban Godihö hahan hatevetet haoh-nap Aisaia epat menahan hez, Met pimauhö darim lam povor kao map batin batapan. Pot menahan hezaek Iesu emat hahan hez-taput tat lamari batin batahan Aisaiaz menahan hez-povoz rotapuv ou ravah. 14. When Jesus came into Peter's house, he saw Peter's mother-in-law lying in bed with a fever. 15. He touched her hand and the fever left her, and she got up and began to wait on him. 16. When evening came, many who were demon-possessed were brought to him, and he drove out the spirits with a word and healed all the sick. 17. This was to fulfill what was spoken through the prophet Isaiah: "He took up our infirmities and carried our diseases."

Bibliography Geary, Elaine. 1977. 'Kunimaipa Grammar: Morphophonemics to Discourse.' Workpapers in Papua New Guinea Languages 23. Pence, Alan. 1964. 'Intonation in Kunimaipa, New Guinea.' Linguistics Circle of Canberra Publications A 3. ___. 1965. 'A Brief Kunimaipa Grammar.' Master's Thesis. University of California. ___. 1966. 'Kunimaipa Phonology: Hierarchical Levels.' Linguistic Circle of Canberra Publications A 7 , Pacific Linguistics A 7. ___. 1968. 'An Analysis of Kunimaipa Pronouns.' Kivung 1. ___. 1971. 'Kunimaipa Vowel Harmony.' Kivung 4. Pence, Alan, Elaine Geary and Doris Bjorkman. 1970. 'Kunimaipa Nominals.' Pacific Linguistics A 23. Manuscripts by Alan and Patricia Pence, Harland Kerr, Doris Bjorkman, Elaine Geary and Joan Coleman. 1962-1974. SIL, Ukarumpa.